Jonathan Stephen Ross OBE (born 17 November 1960) is a British television and radio presenter.

Ross was born in St Pancras, London and raised in Leytonstone, London. His mother is Martha Ross. Paul Ross, Simon Ross and Miles Ross are his brothers.

Ross has worked a lot on the BBC. On the BBC One television channel, Ross presented The Film Programme from 1997 and his own talk show, Friday Night with Jonathan Ross from 2001. He presented a radio show on BBC Radio 2 beginning in 1999. Ross decided to stop presenting all three shows and leave the BBC in 2010. He began presenting a new talk show, The Jonathan Ross Show on ITV1 on 3 September 2011.

Ross is known for his difficulty in pronouncing the letter "r", which sounds more like the sound of a "w" in his speech. Ross was first on television in 1970 in an advert for Kellogg's Rice Krispies.

Personal life
Ross married Jane Goldman in 1988. The couple have two daughters and a son.

Other websites

Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:BBC radio presenters
Category:BBC television presenters
Category:British television talk show hosts
Category:English television presenters
Category:People from Camden (London borough)
Category:People from Leytonstone
Category:Television personalities from London

Jonathan Ross


Peg Phillips (September 20, 1918 – November 7, 2002) was an American actress. She is best known for playing storekeeper Ruth-Anne Miller on the television series Northern Exposure. Phillips was born in Everett, Washington.

Phillips died from lung disease in Seattle, Washington, aged 84.

Other websites

Category:1918 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:Deaths from lung disease
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:Actors from Washington
Category:People from Everett, Washington

Peg Phillips


Births
 February 8 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, leader of Egypt, started the Ikhshidid dynasty (d. 946)

Deaths
 January 20 – King Louis the Younger of Saxony
 August 5 – King Louis III of France of Western Francia.
 December 16 – Pope John VIII

882


Les Oubeaux is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Isigny-sur-Mer.

References

Category:Former communes in Calvados

Les Oubeaux


Concorde was a passenger airplane that flew faster than the speed of sound. It was made by the French company Aérospatiale and the British company British Aircraft Corporation. Concorde carried passengers from 1976 to 2003.

Concorde flew across the Atlantic Ocean in a little less than 3.5 hours. Other airplanes take about eight hours.

The first scheduled flights were on 21 January 1976. Concorde flew between several different cities in Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Some people did not like the sonic booms caused by Concorde flying faster than the speed of sound. At different times, Concorde was not allowed to fly over certain countries because of this.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 British Airways Concorde page
 Braniff Airways Concorde page
 Design Museum (UK) Concorde page
 Concorde Experience at the National Museum of Flight, Scotland
 Pathé film of 002's maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford on 9 April 1967

Category:Aircraft
Category:Aviation in France

Concorde


Barney Smith (May 25, 1921 – July 23, 2019) was an American plumber, artist and museum curator. He was best known for his Toilet Seat Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas, which he operated out of his garage. It had 1,000 pieces of art and drew visitors from around the globe.

Smith died on July 23, 2019 in San Antonio at the age of 98.

References

Category:1921 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:American artists
Category:People from San Antonio, Texas

Barney Smith (museum curator)


Antipyretics (, from the words anti- meaning 'against' and  meaning 'feverish') are substances that reduce fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to ignore increases in temperature caused by prostaglandin. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the United States are ibuprofen and aspirin. These are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used mainly as analgesics to relieve pain, but which also have antipyretic properties. Acetaminophen or (paracetamol), is an analgesic with weak anti-inflammatory properties.

There is some debate over using medication to control fever. Fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. A study by the Royal Society found controlling fever causes at least 1% more influenza cases of death in the United States, which results in at least 700 extra deaths per year.

References

Category:Analgesics
Category:Biochemistry
Category:Pharmacology

Antipyretic


Rajendran Mani is a bodybuilder from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Mani was in the Indian Air Force for 15 years. After he retired, he began weightlifting. He has won both the Mr. India and Champion of Champion titles in India 8 times. He won the Mr. World  title at the fifth World Bodybuilding and Physique Sports Championship

ampionships. The event was held in Budaors, Hungary on 13-17 November 2013.

Rajendran Mani is a very popular bodybuilder in south India. He ranks no 4 in the top 10 Indian bodybuilder list.

Rajendran Mani was born in 1974 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. His father was a boxer which made him inspire to build his body. He has a son who is also a bodybuilding champion, his name is Benjamin Jerold .Mani started his training when he was 10 years old.He bangs his first championship when he was 18-year-old, Mani had great passion toward fitness and he learned how to do gymnastics at his teenage.he learned each and every think about bodybuilding by his own interest, He loves to spend his leisure with his pigeon. During his teenage, he never went outing with his friends, whenever he gets time, he used to practice at the gym. His hard work made him win more titles and now he is considered one of the greats bodybuilders of India. His great huge giant frame made people to call him as Indian Hulk.

He won the first championship in the year 2002., where he was awarded as Mr. Asia 2009. In the year 2013, he won the title World Bodybuilding and Physique Sports Championship held at Hungary in the men’s 90 kg category. In 2016, he won Mr. World and Mr. Asia and in the following year, Mani has won Mr. INDIA Champion of Champions for 4 time ,he has won  Mr INDIA for 13 times, Mr Asia 3 times, Mr. World 3 times, and Mr. Indian Services Champion 12 times. Moreover, he has also earned the nickname “THE INDIAN HULK.” Rajendran Mani has also won four overall titles in the year of 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016. In the past 52 years, he is the only person who has won the Championship title at the heavy category of 100 kg from Tamil Nadu.

Rajendran Mani is coincided as

one of the most successful bodybuilder of India

References

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Bodybuilders
Category:Indian sportspeople

Rajendran Mani


Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel were an American folk and rock music duo. They were two childhood friends, who found fame in the 1960s. Their songs, including "Mrs. Robinson", "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright", "The Sound of Silence", and "Bridge Over Troubled Water", all composed by Simon, are still popular to this day.

Their free concert in New York City's Central Park in 1981 was the biggest concert ever, with 500,000 people (about the same number as Woodstock).

Albums
 Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.
 Sounds of Silence
 Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme
 Bookends
 Bridge Over Troubled Water
 Greatest Hits
 The Concert in Central Park

Sources

Category:Musical groups from New York City
Category:American rock bands
Category:Folk music groups

Simon & Garfunkel


Idaux-Mendy is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Idaux-Mendy

Idaux-Mendy


Melissa McBride (born  May 23, 1965 near Lexington, Kentucky) is an American movie and TV actress and casting director. She has performed in many television programs and movies. She plays Carol Peletier in The Walking Dead.

References

Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:American television actors
Category:American movie actors
Category:Actors from Kentucky

Melissa McBride


Outlaw biker movie is a movie genre. Such movies are about motorcycle riding rebels. The characters are typically members of an outlaw motorcycle club. The first such movie was The Wild One (1954). Marlon Brando and Lee Marvin starred in this movie as rival biker gang leaders. Harvey Lembeck parodied Brando in the AIP "beach party" movies of the early 1960s starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon.

Biker movies were aimed at teenage audiences and the drive-in crowd. The genre took off in the 1960s when the real world Hells Angels received much media attention.  Hollywood cranked out dozens of low-budget exploitation outlaw biker movies during this decade. Novelty movies of the genre featured all-female gangs, horror and zombie crossovers, and one featured a gay gang. The biker outlaw genre played itself out in the 1970s.

Category:Movie genres

Outlaw biker movie


The Taming of the Shrew is a 1967 movie based on the play of the same name by William Shakespeare. The movie was directed by Franco Zeferelli. It stars Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor.  Much of the play's dialogue was cut. Critics liked the movie.

Category:Movies based on plays by William Shakespeare

Category:1967 movies

The Taming of the Shrew (1967 movie)


Liberty X are a British vocal pop-R&B group. The band was formed in London in 2001 from contestants in the first series of Popstars. The band split in 2007. They reformed in 2012.

The quintet's members are: Michelle Heaton (born 1980), Tony Lundon (born 1979), Kevin Simm (born 1980), Jessica Taylor (born 1980) and Kelli Young (born 1981).

Category:2001 establishments in England
Category:2000s British music groups
Category:2010s British music groups
Category:English R&B bands
Category:English pop music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 2001
Category:Musical groups from London

Liberty X


Selja is a village in Emmaste Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

Selja, Emmaste Parish


A shell is a type of projectile used in weapons. It is filled with explosive or other substances. It is similar to a bomb but is made to be shot out of a gun. Shells are usually large caliber projectiles fired by artillery, armored vehicles (including tanks), and warships. A fuze detonates the explosive or releases whatever else the shell may be carrying.

Anti-tank guns fire thick shells without much explosive inside. Shells usually have the shape of a cylinder but taper towards the front end to form a point. However, special shells may use other shapes.

Category:Artillery
fhiehfoqhofwehfowhfo

Shell (projectile)


A blockade runner is usually a lighter-weight ship used for slipping past a naval blockade of a port or strait. This is not the same as ships used to challenge the blocking ships to break the blockade. Very often blockade running is done in order to bring food or arms to a blockaded city. In other cases the blockade runners would carry mail in an attempt to communicate with the outside world. Carrying trade goods from blockaded ports is another function.

Operations
Blockade runners are often the fastest ships available. They are usually lightly armed and armored. Their operations are quite risky since blockading fleets would not hesitate to fire on them. However, the potential profits (economically or militarily) from a successful blockade run are tremendous. Blockade-runners typically had excellent crews. Although similar to smugglers, blockade-runners are often operated by state's navies as part of the regular naval fleet. Notable users of blockade runners include the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and Germany during both World War One and World War Two.

In history

 Peloponnesian War: there were numerous blockades. Leon of Salamis sent blockade runners to get reinforcements from Athens.
 Punic Wars: the Carthaginian Empire attempted to get around Roman blockades of its ports. Blockade runners brought in supplies, but eventually the Romans won out.
 American Civil War: during the early war the Confederate States of America had many successful blockade runners. By the time Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox blockade running could not make a difference and passed into history.

References

Other websites
 The Blockade Runners
 Civil War Cat-and-Mouse Game

Category:Ship types

Blockade runner


A pendulum is a mass (any object usually metal) on an arm. The arm is attached to a pivot, which is a point to swing from. The mass will naturally hang down because of gravity, but if it is pushed to one side it will oscillate, which means that it will swing from side to side.  The frequency of the swinging pendulum stays the same.

We can work out the time taken for one full oscillation (for example, swinging from left to right and back to left). We shall call this time  the period. If the pendulum length is , and the acceleration due to gravity is , then:

where π (a Greek letter pronounced 'pi') is a mathematical constant. This equation gives a good approximation for the period when the mass does not swing far from the middle. The period of a pendulum does not depend on the mass of the object.

The mechanical energy of a pendulum is constant and is the sum of the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.

The regular motion of the pendulum can be used for timekeeping, and pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks.

Related pages
Pendulum clock

Category:Objects

Pendulum


David Joseph Walsh (28 April 1923 – 14 March 2016), commonly referred to as  Davy Walsh or Dave Walsh, was an Irish footballer. He was born in Waterford, Ireland.

He played as a centre forward for, among others, Linfield, West Bromwich Albion and Aston Villa. Walsh was a dual international. He played for both Ireland teams – the FAI XI and the IFA XI.

In 1949, he was a member of the FAI XI that defeated England 2–0 at Goodison Park, becoming the first team to beat England at home.

Walsh died on 14 March 2016 from pneumonia in Dublin, Ireland. He was aged 92.

References

Other websites
Northern Ireland’s Footballing Greats

Category:1923 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Aston Villa F.C. players
Category:Deaths from pneumonia
Category:Irish footballers
Category:People from Waterford

Davy Walsh


mats are a traditional Japanese flooring. The top surface is made of woven straw. Traditional tatami are packed with straw. Nowadays some of them are packed with styrofoam.  Tatami are individual mats. They have a uniform size and shape. They have borders of brocade or plain green cloth.

Tatami were originally a luxury item for the rich at a time when lower classes had mat-covered dirt floors. Tatami were gradually popularized. They finally reached the homes of commoners towards the end of the 17th century.

History
Japanese people have used tatami since the Nara Era (710-794). They were knitted and became thicker like modern tatami.  People who lived in the Heian Era stepped onto tatami to show their power and they spread the tatami only in a necessary part of the room.

The use of tatami was a little different from now. The shoin style of traditional Japanese residential architecture began in the Kamakura Era. During this time, people stopped spreading tatami around the room and placing them in the middle.  They started to spread tatami through the room. People decided to spread tatami by the hearth and sit erect with their legs folded under.

Tatami has been changing together with people's life style. Tatami became common for people in the middle of the Edo Era. Farmers started to use them in the Meiji Era. The removal of tatami regulation made them more common in the Meiji Era. Japanese people often dry the tatami. If the tatami'''s surface was discolored, people often turned them over. With the economic growth after World War Two people started to use chairs and carpets. Japanese people think flooring is not relaxing or soundproof enough, so people still use tatami now.

Making Tatami Tatami is made with a rush plant, igusa. Rush is planted in the rice fields in  August. The seedlings are dug out in November, and a good seedling is chosen. The chosen seedlings are planted in the rice fields again in December. By the end of June to the middle of July, the high-quality rush grows up to about one meter tall and it will be harvested the next year.

The rush should be dry after harvesting, and keep the peculiar smell and the color of the rush. The rush is selected according to length and the thickness, and it is checked for bruising.

After the harvest ends, tatami is made. Because Japanese rooms are different sizes, tatami are made in different sizes. The base of the tatami is made first. Tatami is woven with a special machine. It similar to the weaving on a kimono. The next part is the wick of tatami, called toko. When the toko is 40 centimeters or more thick, and the shape is straightened. The mat is complete, and that is called mushiro. The tatami is complete when it is joined to the toko and the decoration on the mat edges are sewn.

 Igusa Igusa is a perennial plant of the family of igusa. Igusa smells good. It has a fresh, grassy smell. In English, they are called rushes. Igusa blooms from May through June. The plant grows up to a length of 100 centimeters or less. They grow in marshes where sunshine is good. In Japan, there are 30 kinds of igusa growing in many different areas.Tatami is made from natural igusa that must be flexible from the root to the tip, and the thickness and the color varies slightly.  About 4000 to 7000 igusa are used for the tatami. Generally the best tatami uses more and longer igusa rushes.

There are many benefits in using igusa such as air purification, heat insulation, elasticity, cooling (especially in hot summer seasons), eco-friendly and sound absorbing qualities. Igusa tatami is also smooth to the touch, so it is comfortable for babies and young children. Most Japanese like tatami. Many homes have at least one tatami room.

TatamiTatamiberi is the cloth that covers the edge and also decorates the tatami. Some tatami don’t have it. In English, it is called the mat edge. The width of tatamiberi is about three centimeters. The material on the tatamiberi is cotton yarn, a synthetic material string, and a gold thread. The features change according to what strings are combining with tatamiberi. The woven beautiful color handle sets off the room. There are two types, and the atmosphere of the room changes by the tatamiberi.

There are many kinds of tatamiberi. But tatamiberi was used to show status. For example, the emperor,  ministers,  priests, and  scholars had different styles. It was recorded in "Amanomokuzu" in 1420.

Japan has etiquette about tatamiberi. Japanese are taught not to step on the tatamiberi. It is easy to tear tatamiberi when stepping in the weakest part. Stepping on tatamiberi fades the color on the edge of cotton and hemp in the tatami. Therefore etiquette means "not to hurt the mat carelessy stepping when you visit another house, pay it attention". Also, family crests were embroidered on the tatamiberi'' in old times, too. Stepping on the family crest was taboo.

References

 Okitatami.com. Iguchi tatami fusuma. Retrieved on 3 Jun 2009.
 Tatamilife. com. DAIKEN. Retried on 2 July 2009.
 知って得する豆知識.OCN. Retrieved on 15 May 2009.
 My Flower Pictorial Book. Retrieved on 15 May 2009.
 Ohmiya blog.高田織物株式会社.Retrieved on 15 May 2009.
 Ohno-naiso. Ohnonaiso.Retrieved on 14 May 2009.
 Tatami no dekirumade no koutei.Ishiiseitatmi. Retrieved on 14 May 2009.

Category:Japanese culture
Category:Furniture

Tatami


Werentzhouse is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Category:Communes in Haut-Rhin

Werentzhouse


Ambricourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Ambricourt


Mega Man 10 is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Wii's WiiWare service, Xbox Live Arcade, and Playstation Network. It is the sequel to Mega Man 9. Like Mega Man 9, it has the same graphics as the Nintendo Entertainment System Mega Man games. It was released during March 2010.

In Mega Man 10, players can play as one of two characters. They can play as Mega Man or Proto Man. In April 2010, Capcom released download content for the game which makes a third character, Bass, playable as well. The player chooses their character at the start of the game. Once they select their character, it cannot be changed.

Like in Mega Man 10, three difficulty settings are available. In higher difficulties, enemies and bosses have different attacks. Easy Mode is available for players who want an easier game.

Category:Mega Man games
Category:Wii games
Category:Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Category:PlayStation 3 games
Category:2010 video games
Category:Capcom games
Category:Video game sequels

Mega Man 10


The Kamba (Akamba in the plural) are a Bantu ethnic group.

They live in the semi-arid Eastern Province of Kenya,  from Nairobi east to Tsavo and north up to Embu, Kenya. This land is called Ukambani. They are one of the largest ethnic group in Kenya. They speak the Bantu Kikamba language as a mother tongue.

The Kamba mostly live in the Machakos District of Kenya. The total population of the Kamba is about 4 million. The Kamba are also called Kikamba, Kekamba, Masaku, Ukamba, Kitui and Mumoni.

References

Category:Ethnic groups in Africa
Category:Kenyan people

Kamba people


Evita is a musical. The lyrics were written by Tim Rice. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The musical is based on the life of Eva Perón (1919-1952), the wife of Argentine President Juan Perón , which Che is telling.

Evita opened on the West End in 1978, and on Broadway in 1979. It won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the Tony Award for Best Musical. In 1996, a movie version was released starring Madonna.

Category:1970s musicals
Category:Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Category:Musicals by Tim Rice
Category:Tony Award winning musicals
Category:Laurence Olivier Award winning musicals
Category:Broadway musicals
Category:West End musicals
Category:Musicals adapted to movies

Evita (musical)


Caroline Unger (28 October 1803 in Vienna - 23 March 1877 in Florence) was an Austrian singer.

She studied music in Italy. Her first scene was in her hometown in 1821. She plays a role in Cosi fan tutte written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. 3 years later she was singing in the symphony No. 9 of Ludwig van Beethoven.

In 1841, she married François Sabatie. She then stopped performing.

Category:1803 births
Category:1877 deaths
Category:Austrian singers
Category:Musicians from Vienna
Category:Contraltos
Category:Opera singers

Caroline Unger


Perch Zeytuntsyan (, July 18, 1938 – August 21, 2017) was an Egyptian-born Armenian playwright and screenwriter. He served as Minister of Culture of Armenia from 1990 to 1991.

In 1975, Zeytuntsyan became the executive secretary of the Writer’s Union of Armenia, a position he held until 1981. He went on to become the Minister of Culture in the first post-Soviet administration of the Republic of Armenia.

References

Category:1938 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Armenian politicians
Category:Armenian writers
Category:Oriental Orthodox Christians
Category:People from Alexandria
Category:Playwrights
Category:Screenwriters

Perch Zeytuntsyan


Neil Rolde (July 25, 1931 – May 15, 2017) was an American historian, author, philanthropist and politician from Maine.

Rolde was born and grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts. He studied at Phillips Academy in Andover. He earned a BA in English Literature at Yale University and a masters in journalism at Columbia University.

In 1990, Rolde won the Democratic Party's nomination but lost to the incumbent Republican Senator Bill Cohen.

Rolde died of natural causes at his home in York, Maine on May 15, 2016 at the age of 85.

References

Category:1931 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from natural causes
Category:Disease-related deaths in Maine
Category:American historians
Category:Writers from Massachusetts
Category:Writers from Maine
Category:Politicians from Massachusetts
Category:Politicians from Maine
Category:People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Category:US Democratic Party politicians

Neil Rolde


Vacquerie-le-Boucq is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Vacquerie-le-Boucq


A secondary source is a document or recording that writes or speaks about information that is one step removed from the original source.

The secondary source depends on the  primary source or original source of the information. Secondary sources interpret, evaluate or discuss information found in primary sources. In historiography, a secondary source is a study written by a scholar about a topic. Secondary sources frequently cite primary sources and other secondary sources. They rarely cite tertiary sources.

Example
A secondary source would be a book on 13th century politics, while the Magna Carta itself would be a primary source.
Many secondary sources use extensive citations in the form of footnotes or endnotes.

Legal use
The main use of secondary sources in law is to explain the law. They also explain legal concepts. They are used to analyze and describe laws as well as comment on them. Judicial decisions and opinions by qualified experts are secondary sources.

Related pages
Source text
Primary source
Tertiary source

References

Further reading
Primary and secondary sources

Category:History
Category:Science

Secondary source


Oberhergheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References
INSEE commune file

Category:Communes in Haut-Rhin

Oberhergheim


Luigino Celestino Di Agostino (born December 17, 1967) is an Italian disk jockey. He was born in Turin, Italy. Di Agostino is better known under his stage name Gigi D'Agostino. He is also known as the Violento Man.

Other websites
Official website

Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian entertainers
Category:People from Turin
Category:DJs

Gigi D'Agostino


Cheyenne is the capital and largest city of Wyoming, a state of the United States of America.  As of September 2005, it had an estimated population (number of people living in it) of 55,362.  It is the county seat of Laramie County. Cheyenne was founded in 1867 and the current mayor of Cheyenne is Marian Orr.

References

Other websites
 City of Cheyenne official

Wyoming
Category:State capitals in the United States
Category:1867 establishments in the United States
Category:1860s establishments in Wyoming Territory

Cheyenne, Wyoming


is a Japanese city in Nagasaki Prefecture.

History
Hirado has been a port since the Nara period.

During the Edo period, Hirado was the seat of the Hirado Domain. The city developed around Hirado Castle (Hirado-jō).

The first Frenchman to arrive in Japan was Francis Caron.  He live in Hirado.

Geography
The city is located on the island of the same name; and it has expanded to the  island of Kyūshū. The two parts of the city are connected by the Hirado Bridge which was built in 1977.

References

Other websites

 Hirado City website ;
 American Friendship Doll at Hirado Kindergarten

Category:Cities in Japan
Category:Settlements in Nagasaki Prefecture

Hirado, Nagasaki


The It Gets Better Project is a non-profit organization that reaches out to LGBT youths who feel depressed or suicidal. Contributors to the project submit videos, essays, and other media. These are to share their stories, experiences, and messages telling LGBT youth that their lives will get better over time. The It Gets Better Project shows LGBT youth that they was not alone in their experiences. It shows they have people to turn to for support. The project was created by Dan Savage and his husband Terry Miller in 2010. It includes submissions by US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

References

Other websites
 It Gets Better Project
 Hillary Clinton: Tomorrow Will Be Better, YouTube
 Barack Obama: It Gets Better, YouTube

Category:LGBT
Category:Non-profit organizations

It Gets Better Project


Louis Vuitton (; 4 August 1821 – 27 February 1892) was a French fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder of the Louis Vuitton brand of leather goods now owned by LVMH.

References

Category:French fashion designers
Category:1821 births
Category:1892 deaths

Louis Vuitton (designer)


Pierre Gamarra (Toulouse, July 10, 1919 – Argenteuil, May 20, 2009) was a French writer. He was a poet and novelist. He is famous for his poems and novels for the children. Pierre Gamarra also worked for a literary magazine, Europe.

Life
Gamarra was born in Toulouse in 1919. From 1938 to 1940, he was a teacher in the south of France. He became a journalist in 1944.

In 1948, he received an international prize for his novel The Fiery House.

In 1951, he began working for the literary magazine Europe.

Gamarra died in 2009 in Argenteuil, near Paris, at age 89.

Books
Most of Gamarra's novels are set in the southwest of France. That is the region where is was born.

Gamarra's books are not yet translated into English. His poems are well known by French schoolchildren. Examples are My Schoolbag () or The Cosmonaut and his host ().

Sources
 Interview with Pierre Gamarra: Tohoku University Faculty of Letters Bulletin, 27 (Year 2006), Sendai, Japan
 Encyclopedia Britannica: "Children's literature"
 Encyclopedia Universalis: "Pierre Gamarra"

Category:1919 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:Children's writers
Category:French novelists
Category:French poets
Category:People from Toulouse

Pierre Gamarra


Xi (uppercase/lowercase Ξ ξ), is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "x" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 60. The Roman letter X and Cyrillic letter Ѯ came from Xi.

Category:Greek alphabet

Xi


Holbrook may refer to:

Places

England
Holbrook, Derbyshire, a village
Holbrook, a hamlet in Charlton Musgrove, Somerset
Holbrook, a former mining village in Mosborough (ward), Sheffield, South Yorkshire, now known as Halfway
Holbrook, Suffolk, a village
Holbrook, Horsham, West Sussex

United States
Holbrook, Arizona, a city
Holbrook, Idaho, an unincorporated community
Holbrook, Massachusetts, a town
Holbrook, Nebraska, a village
Holbrook, New York, a hamlet and census-designated place
Holbrook, Oregon, an unincorporated community
Holbrook, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
Holbrook, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Lake Holbrook (disambiguation)

Elsewhere
Holbrook, New South Wales, a town
Holbrook Creek, Yukon, Canada
Holbrook, Sri Lanka, a village

People
Holbrook (name), a list of people with the given name or surname

Other uses
Holbrook Company, American manufacturer of automobile bodies, established in 1908
Holbrook railway line, New South Wales, Australia
Holbrook Academy, Suffolk, a secondary school
Holbrook High School (Arizona)

Holbrook


is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

|-
|1999||Omiya Ardija||J. League 2||18||4||||||||||||
18||4||||||||||||
18||4||||||||||||
|}

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture

Taisuke Hiramoto


is a Japanese football player. He plays for VVV Venlo and the Japanese national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2007||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||19||0||2||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||22||1||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||29||2
|-
|2009||30||4||6||1||1||1||11||2||48||8

|-
|2009/10||VVV Venlo||Eredivisie||||||||||||||||||||
71||5||11||3||8||1||11||2||101||11
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
71||5||11||3||8||1||11||2||101||11
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2010||1||0
|-
|2011||12||2
|-
|2012||||
|-
!Total||13||2
|}

Other websites
 Japan National Football Team Database
 National Football Teams

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Nagasaki Prefecture

Maya Yoshida


Darius Vassell (born 13 June 1980) is an English footballer. He plays for Ankaragücü.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="7"|Aston Villa||rowspan="7"|Premier League||6||0||1||0||1||0||3||2||11||2
|-
|1999/00||11||0||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2000/01||23||4||3||1||1||0||3||0||30||5
|-
|2001/02||36||12||1||0||1||0||6||2||44||14
|-
|2002/03||33||8||1||0||3||3||1||0||38||11
|-
|2003/04||31||8||1||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||38||9
|-
|2004/05||21||2||0||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||22||3
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="4"|Manchester City||rowspan="4"|Premier League||36||8||4||1||1||1||colspan="2"|-||41||10
|-
|2006/07||32||3||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||36||5
|-
|2007/08||27||6||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||32||6
|-
|2008/09||8||0||0||0||0||0||2||1||10||1

|-
|2009/10||Ankaragücü||Süper Lig||||||||||||||||||||
264||53||19||4||21||6||15||5||319||68
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
264||53||19||4||21||6||15||5||319||68
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||9||3
|-
|2003||6||1
|-
|2004||7||2
|-
!Total||22||6
|}

References

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:Black British sportspeople
Category:English footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Birmingham
Category:Premier League players

Darius Vassell


The Holy Saturday Cross Country Cycling Classic is a one-day amateur cycling race held in Belize.  It is held every year during the Easter holidays. It is Belize's biggest cycling event and has begun to be recognized internationally.  It is usually shortened to the Cross Country Cycling Classic or "Cross Country" for short.

The race is about 140 miles.

Category:Sport in Belize
Category:Cycling
Category:1928 establishments
Category:1920s establishments in North America
Category:20th-century establishments in Belize

Cross Country Cycling Classic


The United States–Mexico border is the international border between the United States and Mexico.

It runs from Imperial Beach, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, in the west to Matamoros, Tamaulipas, and Brownsville, Texas, in the east. It covers a variety of terrains, ranging from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts.

From the Gulf of Mexico it follows the course of the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) to the border crossing at El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Westward from there it crosses vast tracts of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert. Then it crosses the Colorado River Delta, west to San Diego and Tijuana before reaching the Pacific Ocean. The US-Mexican border is considered an open border.

The border's total length is , according to figures given by the International Boundary and Water Commission. It is the most frequently crossed international border in the world, with approximately three hundred fifty million (350,000,000) crossings per year.

References

Category:Geography of the United States
Category:Geography of Mexico

Mexico–United States border


In Egyptian mythology, Osiris is the god of life, death, the flooding of the Nile, and the afterlife. He was the brother and husband of Isis. They had a son named Horus. Osiris was murdered by his brother Set because Osiris was the pharaoh, which Set wanted to be. Osiris was killed when Set tricked him into getting into a box, then poured lead onto the box to close it so Osiris could not get out of it. However, Isis brought Osiris back to life for one night. After Horus was old enough, he defeated Set and became the pharaoh. Osiris' mother was the goddess Nut, father Geb, sister Nephthys, and sister as well as wife Isis.

Osiris and Dionysus

By the Hellenic era, Greek awareness of Osiris had grown, and attempts had been made to merge Greek philosophy, such as Platonism, and the cult of Osiris (especially the myth of his resurrection), resulting in a new mystery religion. Gradually, this became more popular, and was exported to other parts of the Greek sphere of influence. However, these mystery religions valued the change in wisdom, personality, and knowledge of truth, rather than the exact details of the accepted myths on which their teachings were overlayed. Thus in each region that it was exported to, the myth was changed to be about a similar local god, resulting in a series of gods, who had originally been quite distinct, but who were now synonymous with Osiris. These gods became known as Osiris-Dionysus.

Why Egypt loved Osiris
Egyptian civilization loved Osiris because he was a wise and gentle king. He taught them law and order and led them away from savage practices like cannibalism and human sacrifice. Osiris also taught them the art of agriculture and the appropriate rites for worshipping the gods. When he was done civilizing the people in Egypt, he left the country to his wife Isis and made peace in many other places. When he finished his job he then returned to Egypt.

Purpose
Osiris was the god of the Underworld. He was also one of the Nine Gods. One of his duties as Lord of the Dead was to do the very last judgment of the Dead, and after that to protect people from the dangers of the Underworld. The transition between life and death must have been a great experience, but still perilous .

Appearance

Osiris was shown in the form of a mummified pharaoh. He wore a white atef crown with feathers on the side, and held a crook and flail; tools of a pharaoh. Osiris had green skin, symbolizing rebirth to the Egyptians.

References

Category:Egyptian gods and goddesses
Category:Afterlife

Osiris


Romantic music is music written in the 19th century.  This was the period called the “Romantic period” by musicians.  In literature and some other arts the “Romantic period” is often said to begin and finish earlier: around mid 18th to mid 19th century.

In the Classical period artists liked to see clear forms.  18th century architecture nearly always shows a lot of symmetry.  The gardens of the palace at Versailles are a good example of this with their very tidy patterns of straight paths, circular ponds and neatly clipped hedges.

In music the Classical composers such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert liked to compose music which had a clear plan like sonata form.

In the Romantic period artists thought that feeling and passions were more important than formal plans.  This can be seen in the gardens designed by Capability Brown, e.g. in at Blenheim Palace, Oxford.  The gardens are made to blend into nature.

In music the Romantic composers may still use plans like sonata form, but feelings and passions are important.  They often write what is called programme music which means: music that describes something or tells a story.  Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony is called the “Pastoral” which means that it is about the countryside.  Although Beethoven is usually called a composer of the Classical period he is also an early Romantic.  Later composers such as Felix Mendelssohn wrote pieces like Hebrides Overture which describes the sea coming into Fingal’s Cave in the Inner Hebrides Islands in Scotland.  Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) wrote a lot of music which tells a story.  His Symphonie Fantastique is about an artist madly in love.  Berlioz’s whole way of life was wild and romantic.  He fell in love with an actress he saw on stage playing the part of Juliet in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and he actually married her!  Other composers who wrote a lot of programme music include Franz Liszt (1811-1886) and Richard Strauss (1864-1949).  Strauss always wrote in a late-Romantic style even although he lived well into the 20th century.

The Romantic period was also the period of Nationalism.  "Nationalism" means being proud of one's country.  In the 19th century  a lot of European countries as we know them were being formed.  In music a lot of composers were writing music which was typical of their country.  They often did this by using folk music.  Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904) and Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) wrote music which sounds very Czech. Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)  wrote music with Russian folk songs in them. Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) used German folk songs in his symphonies, and Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) collected English folk songs and put them in his music.  One of those pieces was a Fantasy on the famous tune Greensleeves.

Category:Periods in music history

Romantic music


A county-equivalent in the United States is a type of area that is not inside any county. The county-equivalents are defined by the federal government. They are used for administrative and statistical reasons.

As of the 2000 census there were 3,141 county-equivalents in the United States. The number went down to 3,140 in 2001. That is because the city of Clifton Forge, Virginia changed from being a city to being a town.

Types of county-equivalents
There are three types of county-equivalents.

First type
The first type of county-equivalent is an area of a state which is similar to a county.

Examples of this type:
Louisiana has parishes instead of counties
In Alaska:
Alaska has boroughs instead of a counties
The city of Anchorage is considered a borough under state law

Second type
The second type of county-equivalent is a city that is not inside any county.

Examples of this type:
 In Virginia, cities are not legally part of the counties that they are in, so they are considered county-equivalents.
 Three other cities in the United States are not legally part of any county: Baltimore, Maryland; Carson City, Nevada; and St. Louis, Missouri. These three cities are also county-equivalents.
Washington, D.C. is a county-equivalent.
Prior to 1997, the Census Bureau had recognized the portion of Yellowstone National Park within Montana as separate from any county, despite the fact that the State of Montana had recognized this land as being within adjacent counties since 1978. This area is no longer considered a county equivalent.

Third type
The third type of county-equivalent is an area that doesn't have any county-level government and the United States Census Bureau decides to treat it as a county-equivalent.

Example of this type:
Alaska has boroughs, but the boroughs do not cover the whole state. The area not covered by boroughs is called the Unorganized Borough. In 1970, the Unorganized Borough was divided into areas for statistical reasons. Each of those areas is considered a county-equivalent.

References

Other websites
County or Statistically Equivalent Entity at the United States Census Bureau website

*

County-equivalent


Bern Nix (September 21, 1947 – May 31, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist. He recorded and performed with Ornette Coleman from 1975-87, notably with guitarist Charlie Ellerbee in Coleman's Prime Time group on their key recordings, including Dancing in Your Head and In All Languages in 1987. Nix was voted among the top ten jazz guitarists poll by Down Beat magazine.

Nix died suddenly of a suspected heart attack at his New York City home on May 31, 2017, aged 69.

References

Other websites

Category:1947 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Category:American jazz musicians
Category:American guitarists
Category:Musicians from Ohio
Category:People from Toledo, Ohio

Bern Nix


Lacanau is a commune on the Atlantic Ocean in southwestern France.

Category:Communes in Gironde

Lacanau


Murilo Endres (born 3 May 1981) is a Brazilian volleyball player. He is a member of Brazilian men's national team and Brazilian club SESI São Paulo. He has won two silver medals at the Olympic Games, in Beijing 2008 and London 2012. He also competed in the World Championships in 2006 and 2010, and won a silver medal in 2014. He has also competed in the World League, South American Championship, World Cup and the Grand Champions Cup.

Other websites
 FIVB Profile

Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian Olympians
Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic silver medalists
Category:Volleyball players

Murilo Endres


Doubochinski's pendulum is an experiment with an oscillator and a magnet. The most simple case is that of a pendulum that interacts with an oscillator. The pendulum (with a magnet at the end) will swing at a frequency of one swing per period of 1-2 seconds. A stationary electromagnet is placed under the equilibrium point of the pendulum. The electromagnet is then supplied with an alternating current of a fixed frequency, of between 10 and 10.000 Hz.
When the pendulum is released at any location, its movement will then evolve to stop at a height which depends on the frequency of the current of the electromagnet. This phenomenon was first discovered by the brothers Danil and Yakov Doubochinski in 1968–69.

References

Category:Physics

Doubochinski's pendulum


Gesico (Gèsigu) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 846 people lived there. Its area is 25.62 km². It is 300 meters above sea level.

References

Other websites

Category:Communes of Sardinia

Gesico


Cheletropic reactions are a type of pericyclic reaction where one atom on one of the reagents gets two new bonds. A pericyclic reaction is one that involves a transition state with a cyclic array of atoms and an associated cyclic array of interacting orbitals. A reorganization of σ and π bonds occurs in this cyclic array.

Cheletropic reactions are a subclass of cycloadditions. What sets cheletropic reactions apart is that on one of the reagents, both new bonds are being made to the same atom.<ref name="Fleming">Ian Fleming. Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemistry Reactions. Wiley, 1976.</ref>  A few examples are shown to the right in Figure 1. In the first case, the single atom is the carbon atom in the carbonyl group. That carbon atom ends up in carbon monoxide. The end result is making two new bonds to one atom. The first two examples are known as "cheletropic extrusions" because a small stable molecule is given off in the reaction. The driving force for these reactions is often the entropic benefit of releasing a gas (e.g. CO or N2).

Theoretical analysis
Because of the geometry of the molecules involved in cheletropic reactions, they confirm a number of predictions made by theoretical chemists. Cheletropic reactions confirm the conservation of molecular orbital symmetry.

In the pericyclic transition state, a small molecule donates two electrons to the ring. Two possible geometries can explain the reaction.  The small molecule can approach in either a linear or non-linear way. In the linear approach, the electrons in the orbital of the small molecule are pointed directly at the π system of the big molecule. In the non-linear approach, the orbital approaches at a slightly off angle. The π-systems ability to rotate as the small molecule approaches is crucial in forming new bonds. The direction of rotation will be different depending on how many π-electrons are in the system. A diagram of a two-electron fragment approaching a four-electron π-system using frontier molecular orbitals is shown below. The rotation will be disrotatory if the small molecule approaches linearly and conrotatory if the molecule approaches non-linearly. Disrotatory and conrotatory tell how the bonds in the π-system are rotating.  Disrotatory means opposite directions while conrotatory means the same direction. This is also shown in the diagram below.

Using Huckel's Rule, one can tell if the π-system is aromatic or anti-aromatic. If aromatic, linear approaches use disrotatory motion while non-linear approaches use conrotatory motion. The opposite goes with an anti-aromatic system. Linear approaches will have conrotatory motion while non-linear approaches will have disrotatory motion.

Cheletropic Reactions Involving SO2
Thermodynamics
When sulfur dioxide reacts with butadiene and isoprene, two different products result. The reaction mechanism will control what gets made.  A kinetic product and a thermodynamic product are both possible. More of the thermodynamic product gets made than the kinetic product. The kinetic product comes from a Diels–Alder reaction, while a cheletropic reaction makes a more thermodynamically stable product. The cheletropic pathway is used more because it makes to a more stable five-membered ring adduct. The scheme below shows the difference between the two products. The path to the left shows the thermodynamic product, while the path to the right shows the kinetic product. Suarez and Sordo showed this in 1995. They showed this both with experiments and using Gaussian calculations.

Monnat, Vogel, and Sordo, in 2002, measured the kinetics of addition of sulfur dioxide to 1,2-dimethylidenecycloalkanes. They wrote that the reaction of 1,2-dimethylidenecyclohexane with sulfur dioxide can give two different products depending on reaction conditions. The reaction makes the corresponding sultine through a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction under kinetic control (≤ -60 °C), but, under thermodynamic control (≥ -40 °C), the reaction makes the corresponding sulfolene through a cheletropic reaction. The activation enthalpy for the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction is about 2 kcal/mol smaller than that for the corresponding cheletropic reaction.  The sulfolene is about 10 kcal/mol more stable than the isometric sultine in CH2Cl2/SO2 solution. Similar results were found in an 1995 study by Suarez, Sordo, and Sordo which used ab initio calculations to study the kinetic and thermodynamic control of the reaction of sulfur dioxide with 1,3-dienes.

 Solvent effects

The effect of the solvent of the cheletropic reaction of 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydrothiophen-1,1-dioxide (shown at right) was kinetically investigated in 14 solvents. The reaction rate constants of the forward and reverse reaction in addition to the equilibrium constants were found to be linearly correlated with the ET(30) solvent polarity scale.

Reactions were done at 120 °C and were studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the reaction mixture. The forward rate k1 was found to decrease by a factor of 4.5 going from cyclohexane to methanol. The reverse rate k-1 was found to increase by a factor of 53 going from cyclohexane to methanol, while the equilibrium constant Keq decreased by a factor of 140. It is suggested that there is a change of the polarity during the activation process as evidenced by relationships between the equilibrium and kinetic data. The authors say that the reaction appears to be influenced by the polarity of the solvent, and this can be shown by the change in the dipole moments when going from reactant to transition state to product. The authors also state that the cheletropic reaction doesn’t seem to be influenced by either solvent acidity or basicity.

The results of this study lead the authors to expect the following behaviors:

1. The change in the solvent polarity will influence the rate less than the equilibrium.

2. The rate constants will be characterized by opposite effect on the polarity: k1 will slightly decrease with the increase of ET(30), and k-1 will increase under the same conditions.

3. The effect on k-1 will be larger than on k1.

Carbene Additions to Alkenes

One of the most synthetically important cheletropic reactions is the addition of a singlet carbene to an alkene to make a cyclopropane (see figure at left). A carbene is a neutral molecule containing a divalent carbon with six electrons in its valence shell. Because of this, carbenes are highly reactive electrophiles and generated as reaction intermediates.

Interaction of the filled carbene orbital with the alkene π system creates a four-electron system and favors a non-linear approach. It is also favorable to mix the carbene empty p'' orbital with the filled alkene π orbital. Favorable mixing occurs through a non-linear approach (see figure 2 at right). However, while theory clearly favors a non-linear approach, there are no obvious experimental implications for a linear vs. non-linear approach.

References

Category:Pericyclic reactions

Cheletropic reaction


Salvatore Bagni (born 25 September, 1956) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1975/76||rowspan="2"|Carpi||rowspan="2"|Serie D||30||9
|-
|1976/77||31||14
|-
|1977/78||rowspan="4"|Perugia||rowspan="4"|Serie A||27||5
|-
|1978/79||28||8
|-
|1979/80||25||6
|-
|1980/81||29||5
|-
|1981/82||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||27||5
|-
|1982/83||28||5
|-
|1983/84||27||2
|-
|1984/85||rowspan="4"|Napoli||rowspan="4"|Serie A||25||0
|-
|1985/86||27||4
|-
|1986/87||28||4
|-
|1987/88||26||4
|-
|1988/89||Avellino||Serie B||23||2
381||73
381||73
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1981||3||0
|-
|1982||0||0
|-
|1983||4||0
|-
|1984||9||2
|-
|1985||7||1
|-
|1986||10||0
|-
|1987||8||1
|-
!Total||41||4
|}

References

Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian footballers

Salvatore Bagni


Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid that is used as a drug. It can be used to cause a medical abortion in the first two months of pregnancy. It can also be used as an emergency contraceptive.  It is often known as RU-486, the name it had in early tests. It was discovered by Roussel Uclaf in France in 1980.

Category:Drugs
Category:Abortion

Mifepristone


John B. Vasconcellos Jr. (May 11, 1932 - May 24, 2014) was an American politician and psychologist. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He represented Silicon Valley as a member of the California State Assembly for 30 years and a California State Senator for 8 years.

Vasconcellos died in San Jose, California from multiple organ failure, aged 82.

References

Category:1932 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Deaths from multiple organ failure
Category:American psychologists
Category:Politicians from California
Category:People from San Jose, California
Category:US Democratic Party politicians
Category:State legislators of the United States

John Vasconcellos


Population sans doubles comptes is a phrase in French that means population without double counting in English.

In France, because of the census, the INSEE has allowed people who live in one place and study in a different place to be counted twice, so as to show how the population moves. Because of this, each commune in France has many numbers of how many people live in it. For example, students may be counted where they study and where they live but do not study (the place they were born in). It is just like allowing students in the United States to vote in the town election of the place they are studying in and the town election where they were born.

Types of population counts

 Population municipale: people that live in that place
 Population comptée à part: people are there for a while, but not forever (soldiers, prisoners)
 Population totale: population municipale + population comptée à part
 Doubles comptes: part of Population comptée à part, which are people working or studying (students, soldiers) there and are counted in another town's Population municipale
 Population sans doubles comptes: population totale - doubles comptes

Notes and references

More reading
  The official meanings on the INSEE site
  Understanding the census.
  The history of the census
  Glossary.
  The results of the 1999 census.
  Population, a page per view.
  Population of French communes of more than 2000 inhabitants.

Category:Statistics

Population without double counting


Grengiols is a municipality of the district of Raron of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website

Category:Municipalities of Valais

Grengiols


The cuckoos are a family of near-passerine birds. They are the main part of the order called Cuculiformes. The family is famous for its "nest-parasite" members, but has a range of other types of bird. The cuckoo family, in addition to those species named as such, also includes the roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis.

The family is notable for its subfamily, the Cuculinae. Many of them have a unique kind of parasitism called brood parasitism. This means it lays its eggs in the nests of other kinds of birds, who then rear the baby cuckoo instead of their own.

The brood parasite

The common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, (usually just called “cuckoo” in countries where it lives) is a spring migrant to Europe and northern Asia. It winters in Africa and southern Asia. It is a greyish bird with a slender body, long tail and strong legs. It looks a little bit like a small bird of prey when it flies. The male is dark grey above with a blackish brown tail, spotted and tipped with white and unevenly barred in black. The female is similar but a bit more reddish on the upper breast. It likes to eat hairy caterpillars. It is often found where woods border on to open land.

The cuckoo gets its names because the male Common Cuckoo sings two notes which sound like the word “cu – ckoo”. The female does not make this sound. She has a loud bubbling call.

Laying its eggs

The common cuckoo does not make a nest of its own, and they do not bring up their own young. Instead, the female lays her eggs in the nests of other birds. Each female cuckoo specialises in just one host species, and lays camouflaged eggs in that bird's nest. For example, a cuckoo which lays its eggs in reed warbler nests will lay eggs that look like those of a reed warbler.

The female cuckoo spends a lot of time watching the birds at the nest where she wants to lay an egg. She has to work out the exact time to go and lay her egg while the 'host' parents are not looking. If the cuckoo lays her egg in the nest before the other bird lays, the reed warbler will notice and knows it is not her egg, and so she will get rid of it. If the cuckoo lays her egg too late, when the reed warbler has finished laying, this will be noticed, too.

When the female cuckoo thinks it is the right moment she will fly down to the reed warblers' nest, pushes one reed warbler egg out of the nest, lays her egg and flies off. This only takes about 10 seconds. The reed warbler does not notice, and carries on looking after the eggs. When the cuckoo chick hatches it soon grows very fast. It pushes the other eggs or reed warbler chicks out of the nest. At 14 days old, it is about 3 times the size of the adult reed warblers. The chick has a huge mouth which it opens very wide. It also makes a very fast “cheeping” sound which sounds like a nest full of reed warbler chicks. This makes the parents behave as if they had a nest full of their own chicks.

About 56 of the Old World and 3 of the New World cuckoo species are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other birds. These species are obligate brood parasites, meaning that they only reproduce in this fashion. The shells of the eggs of brood-parasites is thick. They have two distinct layers with an outer chalky layer that is believed to provide resistance to cracking when the eggs are dropped in the host nest.

Host-specific lines
Female parasitic cuckoos specialize and lay eggs which look like the eggs of their chosen host. This has been produced by natural selection, as some birds are able to distinguish cuckoo eggs from their own, leading to those eggs least like the host's being thrown out of the nest.

Host species may take direct action to stop cuckoos laying eggs in their nest. Birds whose nests are at high risk of cuckoo-eggs often mob cuckoos and drive them out of the area.

Parasitic cuckoos are grouped into gentes: each gens specializes in a particular host species. This permits each gens to evolve a particular egg colouring. Thus, the species as a whole parasitizes a wide variety of hosts, but each line of females specializes in a single host species.

Genes regulating egg colour are passed down only along the maternal line, no doubt on the sex chromosome. This allows females to lay mimetic eggs in the nest of their host species.

Females are thought to imprint on the host species which raised them; later they only parasitize nests of that species. Male cuckoos fertilize females of all lines, so gene flow takes place between the different maternal lines.

The detail and near-perfection of the cuckoo nest parasitism, and the defences of the host birds, are extraordinary. Many of the host species can spot and throw out almost perfect cuckoo eggs. This system is a fine example of an evolutionary arms race, a type of co-evolution. There are other birds which practise nest parasitism (such as the cowbirds) but these other systems are much less specialized.

Morphs and mimicry

The males and grey females in flight look a bit like a sparrowhawk. That may protect them from other birds' mobbing (Batesian mimicry). The advantage of the rufous-coloured females is not known. It may be that, being less common, they are less recognised by other bird species.

Migration
The cuckoo only stays in its summer location for about 10 weeks. In Britain, for example, it arrives in April and the adults start for Africa by the end of June or early July. They arrive in Africa (or Asia) in August.

They moult twice a year, changing feathers partially in summer, and completely in winter.

Further reading
Davies, Nick 2015. Cuckoo. London: Bloomsbury.
Wyllie, Ian 1981. The Cuckoo. London: B.T. Batsford.

References

Category:Birds of Europe
Category:Birds of Asia
Category:Parasites

Cuckoo


A submarine (or Sub) is a vessel that goes underwater. Most large submarines are war vessels. Some small ones are used for scientific or business purposes. These are often called "submersibles" and cannot go far or stay long away from base. Some people buy their own to explore under the sea. A submarine is actually a boat, not a ship.

History
Early submarines were often powered by hand. This is because boat engines had not been invented yet. They were almost always made for war. Submarines would try to sink enemy ships by crude methods. These included drilling screws into their wooden hulls. Some tried to blow up a ship. This often destroyed the submarine, too. At the end of the 19th century the Whitehead torpedo and electrical systems allowed much better submarines.

These better submarines were much used during the First and Second World Wars. Many of these better submarines were created by Germany, called U-boats. The submarines were powered by a diesel-electric system. A diesel motor would be used to turn a generator. The generator would charge a large battery while the submarine was on the surface. The power in the battery was then used by the submarine when it went underwater. These submarines were dangerous to enemies. They were hard to see while underwater but it was easy to attack them when they surfaced to recharge.  Many modern boats still use this diesel-electric propulsion system.

The First Battle of the Atlantic was the first major battle that was mainly fought between submarines and their enemies. As in later wars, the main jobs of submarines were to enforce a blockade and to sink enemy warships. They usually attacked freighters at night, shooting with their deck guns and then hiding under the water. Sometimes they used their torpedoes, which they could fire while underwater, especially against larger ships and warships. During World War II The US Navy lost around 52 submarines due to combat and non combat causes.

After World War II better sonar helped the enemies of submarines to find and destroy them. New subs were more streamlined and had no deck guns because water dragging against the guns made noise underwater and slowed the subs.

Modern submarines
Most large modern military submarines are powered by nuclear reactors. These submarines often have a system which can get air from the seawater. These two things allow them to stay under water for long periods of time. Their most important uses are attacking ships or launching missiles. These include cruise missiles and nuclear missiles. There are two main kinds of subs. Attack submarines are small and fast. They attack other subs and surface ships with torpedos. Missile subs are larger and slower. They are built to shoot missiles at far-away targets on land.

Category:Warships

Submarine


is a museum in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It is one of Japan's many museums which are supported by a prefecture.

The museum in the city of Katsuyama.

History
The museum opened in 2000.

The building was designed by Kisho Kurokawa

References

Other websites
Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum website

Category:Museums in Japan
Category:Dinosaurs
Category:2000 establishments in Japan

Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum


Kathleen Marie "Kathy" Ireland (born March 20, 1963 in Glendale, California) is an American fashion model, actress and businesswoman. She has been featured in Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue thirteen times and been on the cover three times. She also acted in several movies and television programs. Her licensing company, Kathy Ireland Worldwide, is responsible for most of her approximately $420 million wealth.

References

Other websites

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Glendale, California
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:Business people from Los Angeles County, California
Category:Models from California
Category:Writers from Los Angeles County, California

Kathy Ireland


Biggin Hill is a small town, just on the edge of Greater London.

Biggin Hill has an airport that is famous for being used during World War 2, as well as it's yearly air show.

Other websites
 Biggin Hill Local News, Information and Forum

Category:London Borough of Bromley

Biggin Hill


Turntablism is the art of changing sounds to create music using phonograph turntables and a DJ mixer.

Category:Hip hop

Turntablism


Jimmy Glass is an English retired football player.

References

Category:1973 births
Category:Living people
Category:English footballers
Category:Goalkeepers
Category:Sportspeople from Surrey

Jimmy Glass


Grenoble School of Management is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in 2 places, in Grenoble and in Paris. It has been created in 1984.

GEM is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.

References

Further reading
 Official

Category:Education in France
Category:Grenoble

Grenoble School of Management


Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning (17 August 1946 – 2 July 2016) was a Trinidadian politician. He was the fourth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He served from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and again from 24 December 2001 to 26 May 2010.

Manning died on 2 July 2016 at a hospital in San Fernando from acute myeloid leukemia, aged 69.

References

Other websites

Category:1946 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Deaths from acute myeloid leukemia
Category:Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago
Category:Commonwealth Chairpersons-in-Office

Patrick Manning


Rawalakot () is part of the Poonch District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

Category:Tehsils of Azad Kashmir

Rawalakot


Ghent is a municipality and city in the Belgian province of East Flanders. In 2019, 262,219 people lived there.

It is at .

Ghent is known for its cultural landmarks and punk rock music industry.

Related pages
 Treaty of Ghent

References

Ghent


Preston St Mary is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 220 people living in Preston St Mary.

References

Other websites

Category:Villages in Suffolk
Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk
Category:Settlements in Babergh

Preston St Mary


Bangu A.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Category:Football clubs in Rio de Janeiro
Category:1904 establishments in South America
Category:1900s establishments in Brazil

Bangu A.C.


Joe is a male given name. It may also refer to:

People

 Joe Byrne
 Joe Biden
 Joe Jackson
 Joe the Plumber
 Joe Nichols
 Joe Manganiello
 Joe Nishimoto
 Joe Mantegna
 Joe Cocker
 Joe Sakic
 Joe Rogan
 Moondyne Joe
 Fat Joe
 Joe Pavelski
 Joe Cole
 Samoa Joe
 Joe Shuster
 Joe Scarborough
 Joe Hart
 Joe Barton
 Joe Klein
 Joe Morton
 Joe Clark
 Joe Sample
 Joe Louis Arena
 Joe Pesci
 Joe Knollenberg
 Joe Weider
 Joe Donnelly
 Joe Franklin
 Joe Bizera
 Joe Maddon
 Joe Principe
 Joe Frank
 Joe Alaskey
 Billy Joe Royal
 Joe Flanigan
 Joe Hisaishi
 Joe Viskocil
 Joe McElderry
 Joe Vialls
 Joe Wilder
 Joe D'Amato
 Joe Turkel
 Joe Buck
 Joe Dini
 Joe Paterno
 John Joe Nevin
 Joe Morgenstern
 Joe Robinson (actor)
 Joe Santos
 Joe Anderson
 Joe Walsh
 Joe Don Baker
 Joe Sestak
 Joe Temperley
 Joe Flacco
 Joe Savikataaq
 Joe Conley
 Joe Osborn
 Joe DiMaggio
 Joseph Walsh
 Joe Hayashi
 Joe Garagiola, Sr.
 Joe Dolce
 Joe Louis
 Joe Brown (climber)
 Joe Manchin
 Joe Grant
 Joe Wark
 Joe McGinniss
 Joe Messina
 Joe M. Jackson
 Joe Houston
 Mary Joe Fernández
 Joe Wilson
 Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)
 Joe Walsh (Irish politician)
 Joe Mauer
 Joe P. Tolson
 Joe Maggard
 Joe Kenda
 Joe Newton
 Billy Joe Walker Jr.
 Joe Kinnear
 Joe Fleishaker
 Joe Ranft
 Joe Ricketts
 Joe Calzaghe
 Tony Joe White
 Joe Marston
 Joe Kennedy III
 Joe Tallari
 Joe Arpaio
 Joe Keery
 Billie Joe Armstrong
 Joe Tiller
 Joe Astroth
 Joe Corvo
 Joe Namath
 Joe B. Mauldin
 Joe Strummer
 Joe Swanson
 Joe Perry (musician)
 Joe Junkin
 Joe Frank Harris
 Joe Bell
 Joe Frazier
 Joe Negri
 John Joe O'Reilly
 Joe Jackson (musician)
 Big Joe Turner
 Joe Montana
 Joe Lieberman
 Joe Szura
 Joe Castiglione
 Joe Armstrong (programmer)
 Joe Rígoli
 Joe Balsis
 Proco Joe Moreno
 Joe Satriani
 Joe Medicine Crow
 Joe Carolan
 Joe Sanberg
 Bobby Joe Long
 Joe Klein (baseball executive)
 Joe Thornton
 Joe Elliott
 Joe Kittinger
 Joe Pittman
 Joe E. Kernan
 Joe Ward (ice hockey)

Fiction

 Joe Dirt, a comedy movie
 Beautiful Joe, a story about a dog
 Judge Joe Brown, a television show
 Mighty Joe Young, a movie about a gorilla
 Killer Joe, a criminal comedy movie
 Mighty Joe Young (1998 movie), an adventure movie
 Joe Chill, fictional Batman character

Other

x* St. Joe, Arkansas, a town in Arkansas
 Port St. Joe, Florida, a town in Floridax
 Sloppy joe, a type of sandwich
 Coffee, often referred to as a cup of joe or a cup o' joe

Joe (disambiguation)


Mustafa Abdul Qadir Tlass (11 May 1932 – 19 June 2017) was a Syrian senior military officer and politician. He was born in Rastan, French Mandate of Syria. He was Syria's Minister of Defense from 1972 to 2004. He was part of the four-member Regional Command during the Hafez al-Assad era.

He had the rank of colonel general.

Tlass died on 19 June 2017 in Paris, France at the age of 85.

References

Category:1932 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Generals
Category:Government ministers
Category:Syrian military people
Category:Syrian politicians

Mustafa Tlass


Burgdorf () is the largest city in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website
 http://www.schloss-burgdorf.ch

Category:Municipalities of Bern
Category:Cities in Switzerland

Burgdorf, Switzerland


The Mayflower was the ship that in 1620 transported 102 passengers, including a group of people seeking religious freedom.  Their original destination was the Virginia Colony but they were forced to land instead at the Cape Cod hook. Their story is one of suffering and survival in a harsh  environment.  The voyage is one of the most famous in early American history.

The Mayflower left England with the ship Speedwell on 15 August 1620.   It carried Pilgrims from England and Holland. The Speedwell turned out to be unseaworthy. Both ships were twice forced to return to England. The Mayflower finally left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. On 19 November 1620, they spotted land. Their destination was the Virginia Colony but the ship was damaged so were forced to land Cape Cod on 21 November. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

The Passengers lived on the ship for a few months.  They went ashore to build shelters in the day, then returned to the ship at night. About half the people died in the winter of 1620-21. In March 1621, there were enough shelters for everyone to live on land.

Related pages
 Mayflower passenger list

References

Other websites

 Pilgrim Hall Museum of Plymouth, Massachusetts
 General Society of Mayflower Descendants
 The Mayflower And Her Log; Azel Ames, Project Gutenberg edition.
 Mayflower Descendants Chart.
 Pilgrims and the Mayflower Mayflower Interior Pictured

Category:Plymouth Colony
Category:1620
Category:1620s in the Thirteen Colonies

Mayflower (ship)


Brett Ratner (born March 28, 1969) is an American director and producer. He is known for directing the Rush Hour movie series, The Family Man, Red Dragon, X-Men: The Last Stand, and Tower Heist.

Ratner is the co-founder of RatPac Entertainment, a movie production and financing company.

On January 19, 2017, Ratner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his works to the motion picture industry.

In late 2017, seven women, including actresses Olivia Munn and Natasha Henstridge, accused Ratner of sexual misconduct and harassment.

References

Other websites

 Brett Ratner Cover Story Interview with Aventura Business Monthly
 Brett Ratner Producer Profile for The 1 Second Film
 New York Film Academy School of Film and Acting

Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie directors
Category:American movie producers
Category:Business people from Florida
Category:People from Miami, Florida

Brett Ratner


Rick Genest (August 7, 1985 – August 1, 2018) was a Canadian artist, actor, and fashion model. He was also known as Zombie Boy. Genest was featured in Lady Gaga's video for "Born This Way", with Lady Gaga wearing makeup to replicate Genest's tattoos.

He was cast as the character "foreman" in the 2013 movie 47 Ronin.

Planned to be unveiled in 2019, an  sculpture of Genest called “Self-Conscious Gene” will be a new permanent fixture at the Science Museum, London, UK. The statue is to be created by British artist Marc Quinn.

On August 1, 2018, Genest was found dead after a fall from the balcony at his Plateau-Mont-Royal apartment. Police ruled his death as a suicide.

References

Category:1985 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Suicides by jumping
Category:Suicides in Canada
Category:Canadian movie actors
Category:Canadian models
Category:Actors from Quebec

Rick Genest


Central America () is the central geographic region of the Americas and specifically part of the continent known as North America. It goes from Guatemala and Belize in the north-west, to Panama in the south-east. It is the area of land that sits south-east of Mexico and north-west of Colombia. It is between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

Central America has an area of . It is almost 0.1% of the Earth's surface. This is a list of the countries in Central America, from the largest to the smallest:

 Nicaragua (130,372 km2)
 Honduras (112,090 km2)
 Guatemala (108,890 km2)
 Panama (78,200 km2)
 Costa Rica (51,100 km2)
 Belize (22,966 km2)
 El Salvador (21,040 km2)

While Nicaragua is the largest country in area, of Central America, Guatemala has the largest population by country in Central America, with more than 14 million people and they also have the most populated city in Central America, being Guatemala City.

Six of the seven countries have Spanish as their official language, with Belize being the non-Spanish speaking country, as their official language is English, although there are now at least 195,597 (62.8%) of people in Belize who speak Spanish.

Some people also speak indigenous or creole languages like the Maya languages.

Central America has a density of 77 people per square kilometer.

Geography

Central America has an area of . It is almost 0.1% of the Earth's total surface. In 2009 the population was estimated at 41,739,000. It has a density of 77 people per square kilometer or 206 people per square mile.

Physical geography

Central America has many unique features that go from the north-western borders of Belize and Guatemala to the Isthmus of Panama. There it connects to the Colombian Pacific Lowlands in South America.

Central America is an area of some 524,000 square kilometres. The Pacific Ocean is on the southwest, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the north. Most of Central America rests on the Caribbean Plate.

The region is geologically active. It has volcanic eruptions and earthquakes from time to time.

The 1976 Guatemala earthquake  killed 23,001 people. Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972. The last one killed about 5,001 people. Three earthquakes hit El Salvador. The first one in 1986 and two in 2001. An earthquake devastated northern and central Costa Rica in 2009. It killed at least 35 people. In Honduras a powerful earthquake happened in 2009.

Volcanic eruptions are common. In 1968 the Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica erupted. This killed at least 87 people. The 3 villages of Tabacon, Pueblo Nuevo, and San Luis were buried under ash.

Central America has many mountain ranges; the longest are the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, the Cordillera Isabelia and the Cordillera de Talamanca. Most of the population of Honduras, Costa Rica and Guatemala live in valleys, between mountains. Valleys are also suitable for the production of coffee, beans and other crops.

Biodiversity

Central America is part of the Mesoamerican Biodiversity hotspot, boasting 7% of the world's biodiversity. As a bridge between North and South America, Central America has many species from the Nearctic and the Neotropic ecozones. However the southern countries (Costa Rica and Panama) of the region have more biodiversity than the northern countries (Guatemala and Belize), meanwhile the central countries (Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador) have least biodiversity. The table shows current statistics for the seven countries:

References

Central America


Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician. He was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005.

He won the 1994 presidential election against his rival, the incumbent Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma won re-election for an additional five-year term in 1999.

References

Category:1938 births
Category:Living people
Category:Presidents of Ukraine
Category:Prime Ministers of Ukraine

Leonid Kuchma


Annealing is the name for a number of processes that change the properties of a piece of work using heat. In general the piece is heated to a certain temperature, and modelled while it cools off. Specifically, annealing can refer to:
Annealing (metallurgy) when metals are treated
Annealing (glass) when a piece of glass is heated to remove stress
Nucleic acid thermodynamics when DNA-like structures are changed
Simulated annealing is a method of combinatorial optimization to find the optimum of a function
Quantum annealing is another method of combinatorial optimization

Annealing


Takuya Sato (born 19 July 1978) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998||Tokyo Gas||Football League||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|1999||Tokyo||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Okinawa Kariyushi||Prefectural Leagues||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2002||Regional Leagues||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Ryukyu||rowspan="2"|Prefectural Leagues||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2004||||||||||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2005||Regional Leagues||13||1||3||1||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|2006||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||Ryukyu||Football League||21||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||3
34||4||4||1||0||0||38||5
34||4||4||1||0||0||38||5
|}

References

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Chiba Prefecture

Takuya Sato


Raphael Ravenscroft (4 June 1954 – 19 October 2014) was a British musician, composer and author. He was known for playing the saxophone. Ravenscroft was known for performing in Gerry Rafferty's first song Baker Street.

Ravenscroft died on 19 October 2014 at a hospital in Exeter, England from a suspected heart attack, aged 60.

References

Other websites

Category:1954 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:British composers
Category:British rock musicians
Category:British saxophonists
Category:British writers
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction

Raphael Ravenscroft


Janet Gibson is a biologist and zoologist from Belize.

Gibson was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1990. The prize is for a person who organizes an environmental effort in their region. Gibson won the prize because of her efforts on conservation of the marine ecosystems along the Belizean coast. Between 1985 and 1987, she worked to establish the Hol Chan Marine Reserve. Her efforts were successful and the official sanctuary was established in 1987. It was the first marine reserve in Central America.

Because of her work, along with others, the Belize Barrier Reef was given UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Belizean people
Category:Zoologists
Category:Biologists
Category:Environmentalists

Janet Gibson


Dame Margaret Taylor Rutherford DBE (May 11, 1892 – May 22, 1972) was an English character actress. She usually played eccentric characters in movies. Her first movie was in 1936. She became known for playing Madame Arcati in the 1945 movie Blithe Spirit. Her other movies include: The Happiest Days of Your Life and The Importance of Being Earnest. She also performed in stage plays in her acting career. In 1961, Margaret later declared Officer of the Order of the British Empire. She was named a Dame Commander six years after that.

Rutherford was born in the London neighborhood of Balham. She died from Alzheimer's disease in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire at age 80.

Other websites

 Margaret Rutherford at the Internet Broadway Database
 Performances in Theatre Archive, University of Bristol

Category:1892 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:Actors from London
Category:Balham
Category:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Category:Disease-related deaths in Buckinghamshire
Category:English movie actors
Category:English stage actors
Category:Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire

Margaret Rutherford


San Basilio (Santu 'Asìli 'e mònti) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,238 people lived there. Its area is 44.63 km². It is 415 meters above sea level.

References

Other websites

Category:Communes of Sardinia

San Basilio


Yuzo Minami (born 17 November 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="5"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Ehime||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||14||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||16||1
|-
|2007||11||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|2008||14||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|V-Varen Nagasaki||rowspan="2"|Football League||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
44||3||3||0||1||0||48||3
44||3||3||0||1||0||48||3
|}

References

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Saitama Prefecture

Yuzo Minami


Martherenges was a municipality of the Gros-de-Vaud district　in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.

References

Category:2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Category:Former municipalities of Vaud

Martherenges


Hungary at the Olympics is ahistory which began at the first Olympic Games in 1896.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Hungary is HUN.

History
Teams from Hungary have been in most Summer Olympic Games and every Winter Olympic Games since then. The nation was not invited to the 1920 Games after World War I.

Hungarian athletes have won a total of 475 medals, with fencing as the top medal-producing sport.  Hungary has won more Olympic medals than any other nation that has never hosted Games.

The National Olympic Committee for Hungary is the Hungarian Olympic Committee.  It was formed and recognized in 1895.

Medal tables by Games

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medal tables by Sport

Medals by Summer Sport
     Leading in that sport

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites

  Hungary profile at London2012.com
 Hungary at OLympic.org

Category:Nations at the Olympics
Category:Sport in Hungary

Hungary at the Olympics


The Three Character Classic, Trimetric Classic or San Zi Jing (三字經, 三字经) is a written work from China. Many people believe that Wang Yinglin wrote it during the Song Dynasty. It is named Three Character Classic because each line has three Chinese words, which are called "characters." It is often used to teach children how to say words.

Other websites

 Song dynasty Chinese text with English translation.
 The Three Character Classic in Chinese with the Herbert Giles English Translation.
  Another English translation.

Category:China

Three Character Classic


Carroll County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2010 census, 15,387 people lived there. The county seat is Mount Carroll.

Category:Illinois counties

Carroll County, Illinois


The year 1640 was a leap year which started on a Sunday.

Events
 The first university in Finland, the Academy of Åbo, is founded in Turku.

1640


The Prime Minister of Italy, officially President of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government of Italy. Giuseppe Conte became Prime Minister on 1 June 2018. The one before him was Paolo Gentiloni.

Prime Minister of Italy


The Hillary Clinton email controversy refers to Hillary Clinton using US Government Confidential, Secret, Top Secret and Classified emails she kept on a third-party unsecured server. This controversy began in March 2015 during her tenure as the US Secretary of State (2009-2013). This sparked interest and momentum during Clinton's 2016 presidential election campaign for the President of the United States.

References

Other websites

 Press release by the National Archives and Records Administration
 The Clinton Email Scandal Timeline created by the author of The Terror Timeline
 Secretary Clinton Emails at the United States Department of State website
 The Facts About Hillary Clinton’s Emails at the Hillary Clinton campaign website
 Clinton E-Mail Investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Category:Controversies in the United States

Hillary Clinton email controversy