Joseph Byrne also known as Joe Byrne (November 1856 - June 28 1880) was an Australian bushranger. He is known as the lieutenant of the Kelly Gang. He was shot dead in the siege of Glenrowan. Joe Byrne was a very good shot, a good horseman and skilled at living in the bush. This made it difficult for the police to capture him. His skill at writing helped him to write the items that were important in starting the Kelly legend. He wrote the famous Jerilderie letter. There is also a legend that Ned Kelly, with Byrne's help, was going to start an independent republic in north east Victoria. The siege at Glenrowan was the first step.

Early life

Joe was born at Woolshed, near Beechworth, in November 1856. His father, Patrick Byrne, had come from County Carlow, Ireland, in 1849, to join his father, Joseph, who had come to Australia as a convict in 1834. Joe's mother was an Irish lady from Galway. The family moved to Sebastopol, a small gold mining town, about two kilometres farther up the valley. Joe learned to speak Chinese from the Chinese miners who lived in a small camp near his house. He was educated at a small Roman Catholic school at Woolshed.

After leaving school in 1870, Joe had a number of jobs including driving a delivery cart for a tannery, putting up fences, looking for gold, wood cutting, and shearing. He often visited the Chinese village at Beechworth and became addicted to opium. During the celebrations for the Prince of Wales birthday in 1873, Joe saw a suit of Chinese armour in the Beechworth museum. This armour provided the ideas for the armour the Kelly Gang wore at Glenrowan.

Crime
In September 1873, Byrne was in court for taking a neighbour, Anton Wick's horse. He had ridden it for several days before bringing it back. He had to pay a fine of 20 shillings. In December 1875, he was in court again for taking a saddle, but the court believed Byrne when he said he had found it in the bush. On May 20, 1876, Joe Byrne and his friend, Aaron Sherritt, stole a cow and cut it up for the meat. Someone saw them and told the police. They were taken to court and given six months in the Beechworth Gaol. In prison, Byrne and Sherritt met Jim Kelly, who was the brother of Ned and Dan Kelly. Joe Byrne met Ned Kelly in 1876 and they became friends.

The Kelly Gang
Byrne was probably at the Kelly house on 15 April, 1878, when Constable Fitzpatrick said that Ned Kelly shot him and that Ellen Kelly, Ned's mother, had hit him over the head with a shovel. Ned and Dan Kelly went into hiding in the bush at Bullock Creek, an old gold mining area. The police offered a reward of £100 for them, and Ellen Kelly was sent to gaol for three years.

Stringybark Creek
Joe Byrne was at Stringybark Creek with the Kelly brothers and Steve Hart on 26 October, 1878, when they found four police officers on their trail, and shot three of them dead. Joe Byrne shot dead Trooper Scanlon, and was wearing Scanlon's ring at the time of his death. The gang were made outlaws on 15 November 1878, which meant they could be legally killed by anyone at any time. A reward of £2000 (about AU$754,000 in 2008) was offered for them, dead or alive.

Bushranger
Byrne was Kelly's lieutenant, and the two of them planned the gang's actions. The Kelly Gang robbed the Euroa branch of the National Bank of Australia and took over £2,000. Joe Byrne wrote a letter in red ink for Ned Kelly which was sent to Donald Cameron, a local member of the Victorian Parliament. Ned said justice had not been done in the case of his mother and himself. It ended: "For I need no lead or powder to revenge my cause, and if words be louder I will oppose your laws."

The police locked up over 20 possible supporters of the Kelly gang between January 1879 and April 1879 under the Felons Apprehension Act 1878. This increased public support for the gang, especially in north east Victoria. Joe Byrne was able to use this increase this by writing a number poems about Ned Kelly and his gang, including "My Name is Ned Kelly":

My friends are all united,
My mates are lying near.
We sleep beneath shady trees,
No danger do we fear.

Joe Byrne often visited his mother at her house in Beechworth. He was also seen drinking in hotels in the town, even though there was a reward for him. He could do it because of his skill and daring, and because the police were badly trained and badly led, and because of the support of local people for the Kelly Gang.

Jerilderie
Kelly and Byrne planned their next robbery for Jerilderie. On 10 February, 1879, dressed as policemen, the gang robbed the Bank of New South Wales at Jerilderie taking another £2,000. Byrne wrote the Jerilderie Letter  which wanted an independent republic in north east Victoria. The money from both the Euroa and Jerilderie robberies was given to the gang's family, friends and supporters.

After the Jerilderie robbery, the gang went into hiding for 16 months. This increased their reputation and embarrassed the government of Victoria and the police. The Victorian Government increased the reward for the Kelly Gang to £8,000 (about AU$2,000,000 in 2005).

Siege of Glenrowan

Byrne and Kelly planned another bank robbery in Benalla in 1880. They thought Aaron Sherritt was being used by police to get information about them. Byrne had told Sherritt to tell the police that the gang was planning a robbery in the Goulburn River while they were really planning the Jerilderie robbery. Kelly and Byrne believed that Sherritt could no longer be trusted. They also knew he was being protected by the police. Byrne and Dan Kelly murdered Sherritt on 26 June, 1880. Ned Kelly believed that this would bring a large group of police to Beechworth to search for the killers.

The next day, the Kelly Gang took over the town of Glenrowan. They tore up the railway tracks because they knew the police would travel by train to Beechworth. They held over 60 people hostage in Jones' Hotel. Thomas Curnow, the local school teacher, escaped and stopped the police train before it could crash on the missing track. The police were able to  the hotel.

Joe Byrne helped design the armour worn by all members of the gang at Glenrowan. This did not stop him from being shot in the groin cutting his femoral artery. He was in the middle of a speech about the gang when he was shot. He died quickly from loss of blood on 28 June 1880. The police set fire to the hotel, but they dragged his body out of the hotel before it burned down. The bodies of Dan Kelly and Steve Hart were not brought out of the hotel, and were severely burned.

The next day his body was hung on the door of the police cells at Benalla, and photographed by newspaper reporters. It was only removed after a young woman begged the police to let Byrne rest in peace. His family did not take his body and the police would not give it to anyone else, they thought a funeral would become a starting point for a rebellion. He was buried in an unmarked grave on the edge of the Benalla cemetery.

Ned Kelly was captured and tried in Melbourne. Ned Kelly was hanged at Old Melbourne Gaol on 11 November 1880. There is a legend that Kelly and Byrne had written a Declaration for the Republic of north-east Victoria which was destroyed by the Victorian Government.

Byrne and the Kelly legend
By writing the letters and the bush ballads, and designing the armour, Joe Byrne and Ned Kelly helped make the Kelly legend. In the following 125 years, the legend has grown. There have been a number of movies made about the Kelly Gang including The Story of the Kelly Gang in 1906, the world's first feature-length movie. In 2003, Orlando Bloom played the part of Joe Byrne in Gregor Jordan's movie, Ned Kelly.

Australian novelist Peter Carey won the 2001 Booker Prize and the Commonwealth Writers Prize for  the True History of the Kelly Gang. This was based on the Jerilderie letter written by Byrne.

Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang has been made famous by Sidney Nolan wearing the armour designed by Joe Byrne in a famous set of paintings. This was used as a scene at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

Other websites
 Joe Byrne: Lieutenant of the Kelly Gang page
 Glenrowan 1880 Joe Byrne page
Photographs of Joe Byrne

References

Category:1856 births
Category:1880 deaths
Category:Australian criminals
Category:Ned Kelly
Category:Bushrangers
Category:People from Victoria (Australia)
Category:Booker Prize winners

Joe Byrne


The 1949 Major League Baseball World Series was between the New York Yankees and the then Brooklyn (now Los Angeles) Dodgers. The Yankees won the world series that year; they beat the Dodgers 4 games to 1. They won their 12th title.

Category:Major League Baseball World Series
Category:1949 in sports
Category:1940s in New York
Category:New York Yankees
Category:Los Angeles Dodgers

1949 World Series


Irma Roy (10 June 1932 – 14 June 2016) was an Argentine actress and politician. She served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1995 to 2005. She was a member of the Justicialist Party. Roy was born in Buenos Aires.

When she was an actress, Roy was known for her roles in La serpiente de cascabel (1948), Al Compás de tu Mentira (1950), Cinco grandes y una chica (1950), Historia de una noche de niebla (1950), The Beautiful Brummel (1951), Caídos en el infierno (1954), Requiebro (1955), Mi marido y mi novio (1955), El Derecho a la felicidad (1968) and in Las Venganzas de Beto Sánchez (1973).

Roy died on 14 June 2016 at a hospital in Buenos Aires after suffering from a fall, aged 84.

References

Other websites

Category:1932 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Accidental deaths from falls
Category:Argentine politicians
Category:Argentine movie actors
Category:People from Buenos Aires

Irma Roy


The Swami Nellaiappar Temple () is a Hindu temple in the city of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. It is a the main centre of attraction in the city.

The Nellaiappar Temple is in the middle of Tirunelveli. It is surrounded by roads on all four sides. All the roads are filled with small stores, hotels and other small business. The other name for Tirunelveli is Nellai, which is derived from the god of this temple "Nellaiappar", means the Protector of Nellai.

The Nellaiappar Temple was constructed by Nindraseer Nedumaran who reigned in the 7th century A.D. There is a flower garden in the centre of the temple. In the centre of the garden, there is a square vasantha mandapm with 100 pillars. It is said that this whole place used to be full of bamboo trees and it was destroyed, and so inside the temple they still have some bamboo trees.

Category:Hindu temples
Category:Temples in India
Category:Tirunelveli District
Category:7th century establishments in India

Nellaiappar Temple


Mr. T, whose real name is Laurence Tureaud (born May 21, 1952) is an American actor. He is famous for playing Sgt. Bosco "B. A." Baracus in The A-Team and James "Clubber" Lang in Rocky III. Mr. T has a popular catch phrase, "I Pity the Fool", which lead to the name of a reality television series he appeared on. He also had a comic series called Mr T and the T-force. Mr. T is known for having a mohawk hairstyle and wearing a lot of gold jewelry.

Early life
Tureaud was born in Chicago. Before he became an actor, he was a bodyguard.

Personal life
Mr. T is a born-again Christian.

Tureaud made his neighbors in a Chicago suburb called Lake Forest angry. He cut down more than a hundred oak trees on his estate. This is now called "The Lake Forest Chain Saw Massacre".

He gave up almost all his gold, one of his identifying marks, after helping with the cleanup after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. He said, "As a Christian, when I saw other people lose their lives and lose their land and property...I felt that it would be a sin before God for me to continue wearing my gold. I felt it would be insensitive and disrespectful to the people who lost everything, so I stopped wearing my gold."

Filmography

References

Category:1952 births
Category:Actors from Chicago
Category:African American actors
Category:African American television personalities
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Television personalities from Chicago
Category:Living people
Category:WWE Hall of Fame

Mr. T


Augustine Volcano is a  high volcano in southwestern Cook Inlet, about  southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. More than half the people of Alaska live no more than about  from it. It has erupted six times since the 1812 eruption; 1883, 1935, 1964-65, 1976, 1986. and 2006. The 1976 and 1986 eruptions started with a series of vent-clearing explosions. There were clouds of volcanic ash that went straight up into the sky. These were followed by eruptions of rocks and mud slides down the side of the volcano. In 1812, 1935, 1964-65, 1976, and 1986, unlike some prehistoric eruptions, the top of the mountain did not collapse. However, in the 1883 eruption, a part of the top of the volcano broke loose starting an avalanche that flowed down to the sea. The avalanche started a small tsunami that reached the Kenai Peninsula at English Bay,  east of the volcano.

Clouds of volcanic ash are a major problem to jet aircraft using Anchorage International and other local airports. Ashfall from future eruptions could disrupt oil and gas operations and shipping activities in Cook Inlet. Eruptions like the historical and prehistoric eruptions are likely in Augustine's future.

References

Category:Islands of Alaska
Category:Mountain ranges of Alaska
Category:Volcanoes of the United States

Augustine Volcano


The Malir River () is in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It flows through the city of Karachi from north east to the centre before flowing into the Arabian Sea. Two smaller rivers flow into the Malir, the Thadho and the Sukhan.
The Malir river is one of two rivers flowing through Karachi, the other is the Lyari River.

In the rainy season the Malir river gets a lot of water and millions of liters of water flows with it into the Arabian Sea.

Related pages
List of rivers of Pakistan

Category:Rivers of Pakistan

Malir River


Str8 off tha Streetz of Muthaphukkin Compton is the second album by American rapper, Eazy-E. The album was released on November 24, 1995. The producers of the album were DJ Yella, Naughty by Nature, Rhythm D, K Loc, Mike E. Clark. It was Eazy-E's last full length album before he died. It was released posthumously about eight months after his death. The song "Ole School Shit" was a diss track to Tha Dogg Pound, Dr. Dre, Tweedy Bird Loc and Snoop Doggy Dogg. The song "Wut Would You Do" was also a diss track to Snoop Doggy Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, Suge Knight and Dr. Dre.

Songs

References

Category:1995 albums
Category:Eazy-E albums


The United States Life-Saving Service (USLSS) was a United States government agency that grew out of concerns for saving the lives of shipwrecked sailors and ship's passengers. The federal life-saving service was established on June 28, 1848 as an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury. In 1915, the USLSS merged with the United States Revenue Cutter Service to form the United States Coast Guard.

Background
Large areas of the Atlantic coast of the United States were relatively unpopulated during the 18th and 19th centuries. Any ship that ran aground, even within sight of land, could not expect much help. Even if people saw a ship in trouble they did not have organizations or the equipment to go out and rescue those who were in trouble. Even in places like New York Harbor ships could run aground on sandbars during storms and not have anyone to help them. In a storm a ship caught on a sandbar could be broken into pieces in just hours. Some survivors might be able to swim to shore, but in winter they could die from hypothermia before anyone might find and help them. An example was the American sailing ship Mexico. In 1837 it ran aground on the New Jersey coast and before anyone knew of the wreck, all 112 passengers had died.

History

There were early organizations that provided life-saving services in certain areas. For instance, in 1786, the Massachusetts Humane Society was formed by a number of Boston citizens who were concerned over the needless loss of life from shipwrecks in the area. They started the first lifeboat station at Cohasset, Massachusetts in 1807. These stations were small sheds that held the small boats and equipment that volunteers could use to rescue mariners. The society had recognized that only small boats were useful for life-saving since larger boats risked being shipwrecked as well. But the early sheds were only placed near busy ports and large areas of the coast remained unprotected.

On 14 August, 1848, Congress approved funds for equipment for volunteers to provide life-saving rescues on the coastlines of New Jersey, New York and Massachusetts. Some funds went to the Massachusetts Humane Society because of their leadership in providing rescues for shipwreck victims. In 1850, a lifeboat station was built in Rhode Island and others were built in North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and Texas. In 1854, Congress approved $12,500 for metal surfboats for use in the Great Lakes. While Congress was providing funds from time to time, the efforts to save shipwrecked crews was still largely unorganized. Lifeboat stations and equipment were not kept up. Some equipment was stolen while the buildings were suffering from neglect and the effects of the weather on the shorelines. When the ship Powhattan was lost on April 16, 1852 and over 200 people died, the wreck happened just  from a lifeboat station. To make matters worse, the bodies that washed up on shore were robbed of their belongings and left there. This got Congress to begin thinking about creating a federal life-saving service. In 1854 they began to take actions toward creating such a service. But progress on the idea stalled during the American Civil War.

The 1870 Atlantic hurricane season caused widespread destruction and casualties on a large scale. There was an national call for Congress to do something. Sumner Increase Kimball was an attorney who had joined the United States Department of the Treasury in 1862. In 1871 he was appointed to head the Life-Saving Bureau. Under his leadership the service was extended to the West Coast and the Great Lakes.

At this time there were two ways to save people in the water. One, which was used if the ship was close, was to rig a breeches buoy, a device on a rope used to pull someone to safety. The other method was to use a boat to row out through the surf to reach victims. Boats at this time were around  long and were partially covered to keep water out. Crews often rowed through waves that were higher than the length of their boats. In about 1907, the boats began using gasoline-powered engines.

On January 28, 1915, the U.S. Coast Guard was formed by combining the Revenue Cutter Service with the Life-Saving Service. The law provided retirement of Kimball and many of the services' older employees. During its 44 year existence, the Life-Saving Service provided help to 28,121 ships and 178,741 people. During this time only 1,455 people lost their lives in rescues or attempted rescues by the USLSS.

Notes

References

Other websites
 An Introduction to the US Life-Saving Service: YouTube
 Following In The Footsteps: The Breeches Buoy Drill - Part 1: YouTube
 Launch of Life Boat, Library of Congress; YouTube

Category:Military of the United States
Category:United States government agencies
Category:1848 establishments in the United States
Category:1915 disestablishments
Category:1910s disestablishments in the United States

United States Life-Saving Service


Vira Silenti (Elvira Giovene; 16 April 1931 - 1 November 2014) was an Italian actress. She was known for her roles in I Vitelloni, The Story of Joseph and his Brethren, and in Atlas Against the Cyclops. Silenti was born in Naples, Italy.

Silenti was hit by a car on 31 October 2014 in Rome, Italy. She died the next day from her injuries at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

Category:1931 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Actors from Campania
Category:Italian movie actors
Category:People from Naples
Category:Road accident deaths

Vira Silenti


Arts and crafts describes a wide variety of activities involving making things with one's own hands.  Arts and crafts is usually a hobby.  Some crafts (art skills) have been practised for centuries, others are more recent inventions.  William Morris, John Ruskin and others promoted an "arts and crafts" movement in the late 19th century, which popularized the phrase.

Both children and adults enjoy arts and crafts. Children in schools may learn skills such as woodworking, wood carving, sewing, or making things with all sorts of material. Many community centres and schools have evening or day classes and workshops where one can learn arts and craft skills.

Crafts involving textiles
 Banner-making
 Calligraphy
 Cross-stitch
 Crocheting
 Embroidery
 Felting
 Knitting
 Lace-making
 Macramé
 Millinery
 Needlepoint
 Patchwork
 Quilting
 Rug making
 Sewing
 Shoemaking
 Spinning (textiles)
 String art
 Tapestry
 Weaving
 T-shirt art

Crafts involving wood, metal or clay

 Metalworking
 Jewelry
 Pottery
 Sculpture
 Woodworking
 Cabinet making
 Marquetry
 Lacquerware
 Wood burning
 Wood turning

Crafts involving paper or canvas
 Bookbinding
 Calligraphy
 Cardmaking
 Card Modelling
 Collage
 Decoupage
 Embossing
 Iris Folding
 Marbling
 Origami
 Papercraft
 Papier-mâché
 Parchment craft
 Quilling or Paper Filigree
 Scrapbooking
 Stamping (with a rubber stamp)
  Sketching

Crafts involving plants
 Basket weaving
 Corn dolly making
 Floral Design
 Pressed flower craft
 Straw marquetry

Other crafts
 Balloon animal
 Beadwork
 Doll making
 Dollhouse construction and furnishing
 Egg decorating
 Etching
 Glassblowing
 Lapidary
 Mosaics
 Stained glass
 Toy making
 Polymer clay

Category:Hobbies
Category:Art

Arts and crafts


Lynyrd Skynyrd is an American southern rock band from Jacksonville, Florida. Their name comes from one of their school teachers who was named Leonard Skinner. They wrote songs including: "Sweet Home, Alabama", "Simple Man" and "Freebird." The lead singer's name was Ronnie Van Zant. After Ronnie died, his brother Johnny Van Zant became lead singer.

Category:1966 establishments in the United States
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Category:American rock bands
Category:Musical groups established in 1966
Category:Musical groups from Florida
Category:Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Category:Southern rock bands

Lynyrd Skynyrd


Älmhult is an urban area in the county of Kronoberg in Sweden. It is the seat of Älmhult Municipality.

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Kronoberg County

Älmhult


Rosa Isabel Mutya Buena (born 21 May 1985) is an English singer. She is best known for being a member of the Sugababes.

Early life
Buena was born in Kingsbury, London to a Filipino father and Irish mother.

Career
Buena became famous as a member of girl group Sugababes in 2000. The band released three studio albums with Buena as a member. She left the band in 2005. In 2007 Buena released an album on her own called Real Girl. It reached number ten in the UK Albums Chart. Five songs from the album were released as singles. The album's first single, "Real Girl", reached number two in the UK Singles Chart. "Song 4 Mutya" was released as the second single. In 2008 the record label that released the album dropped Buena because the album did not sell as many copies as they hoped. On 2 January 2009, Buena entered Celebrity Big Brother 6 as a housemate. On 16 January 2009 Buena chose to leave the Big Brother House. In 2010 Buena said that she did not want to be a musician anymore and that she was training to become a child psychologist. In 2011 Buena started a new band called Mutya Keisha Siobhan with Keisha Buchanan and Siobhán Donaghy. They released their first single "Flatline" in 2013.

Personal life
In March 2005 Buena gave birth to a daughter called Tahlia.

References

Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Category:People from Brent (London borough)
Category:Singers from London
Category:Sugababes members

Mutya Buena


Hazrat Syed Waris Shah (1722-1798) was a Sufi poet of Punjab (now in Pakistan).

He is famous for writing a beautiful poem Heer, about an old love story.

References

Category:1722 births
Category:1798 deaths
Category:Punjabi people
Category:Asian Sufis

Waris Shah


Data matrix is an invention of a two-dimensional barcode.

The coded information can be text or numbers. It is read by a bar code reader.

Error correction codes are often used to increase reliability. Even if one or more cells are damaged, the message can still be read. A data matrix symbol can store up to 2,335 alphanumeric characters.

Category:Data input
Category:Encodings

Data matrix


The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising that occurred within China in the years 1900 and 1901 (from on 2 November 1900 to 7 September 1901). It was led by the Boxers, a group of Chinese citizens who disliked the vast amount of foreign influence that existed in China.

The Foreigners in China

It happened during a time when many foreign countries were dominating China. These countries were Japan, Britain, Germany, and Russia. China had lost many battles to these countries and were being humiliated by them.

The Boxers
The Boxers were Chinese citizens who were angry about the growing power of foreigners in China, who wanted to fight and drive out all foreigners and even some Chinese people. The Boxers got a lot of people to help them and drove their fight to Peking (Beijing).

55 Days at Peking
Japan, Russia, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made an alliance to keep the Boxers out of their part of the city. While they did that, the Empress Dowager Cixi declared war on all of them and sent the Chinese Army to help the Boxers. They fought for 55 days before the foreign reinforcements got through and defeated the Chinese. Afterwards there was a celebration, and foreign soldiers ran around stealing from the people and raping Chinese women. Their commander heard about it and was angry, but they kept doing it anyway.

Aftermath
The foreigners were very angry with the Chinese. They said that China had to pay them even more money and give them more land. They also said China had to execute every Boxer. China had to agree, and the foreigners got what they wanted. A few years later in 1911, the Qing Empire collapsed and China had a new government, but the foreigners still influenced China, especially Japan.

Related pages
 Opium Wars
 First Sino-Japanese War
 Qing Dynasty
 Empress Dowager Cixi
 Imperial Japanese Army
 Open Door Policy
 Imperialism

Category:Wars involving China
Category:Rebellions in Asia
Category:19th century rebellions
Category:20th century rebellions
Category:1900
Category:1901
Category:20th century in China

Boxer Rebellion


Butterfield is a city in Watonwan County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 586 at the 2010 census.

References

Category:Towns in Minnesota

Butterfield, Minnesota


Sept-Vents is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val de Drôme.

Related pages
 Communes of the Calvados department

References

Category:Former communes in Calvados

Sept-Vents


Sheila Miyoshi Jager (born 1963) is an American historian. She is a Professor of East Asian Studies at Oberlin College. She is the author of two books on Korea and the co-editor of a third book on Asian nations in the post-Cold War era.  She is known for her relationship with Barack Obama before his marriage with Michelle Obama.

In the 1980s, Jager lived with Barack Obama, then a community organizer in Chicago. In 1986, Obama asked her parents if he could marry her, but they rejected. Shortly after he entered the Harvard Law School, Obama proposed to Jager a second time, but she rejected him.

References

Category:Living people
Category:1963 births
Category:American historians
Category:Barack Obama
Category:Writers from Ohio
Category:Writers from Chicago

Sheila Miyoshi Jager


Asbestosis is a disease of the lungs caused by inhaling fibers of asbestos. It is not to be confused with mesothelioma, a cancer of the lungs which is also caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. Asbestosis has been the subject of many lawsuits, and many lawyers specialize in asbestosis and mesothelioma.

References

Related pages
Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis

Category:Diseases
Category:Asbestos

Asbestosis


Route Availability (RA) is the system by which the permanent way and supporting works (bridges, embankments, etc.) of the National Rail network of Great Britain are graded. All routes are given an RA number between 1 and 10.

Rolling stock is also given an RA (again between 1 and 10) and the RA of a train is the highest RA of any of the supporting elements. The RA is mainly about the axle load of the vehicle, although axle spacing is also taken into thought. In practice it is the locomotive which decides where trains may operate, although many high capacity four axle wagons have high RAs when fully loaded. (When considering the operation of trains the loading gauge must also be considered.)

Category:British Rail

Route availability


The University of Pretoria is a large public research university in Pretoria, the capital of South Africa. It started in 1908.

The University was built on seven suburban campuses (in parts of Pretoria). It is organised into nine faculties and a business school.

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:1908 establishments
Pretoria
Category:Pretoria
Category:20th-century establishments in South Africa
Category:1900s establishments in Africa

University of Pretoria


Louis Braille (4 January 1809 - 6 January 1852) was a French inventor. He was born in Coupvray. He invented the script braille system, which helps blind people to read. Braille is read by passing one's fingers over characters made up of an arrangement of one to six embossed points. It has been adapted to almost every known language.

Braille was the child of a leather maker. He was the youngest of four children. He had three older siblings, two sisters and a brother. He became blind at the age of three. He accidentally stuck a stitching awl into one eye while he was in his father's workshop. There were no antibiotics and soon his injured eye was infected. It spread to his other eye and soon, he became blind in both eyes. He went to the Royal Institute of Blind Youth at the age of 10. Braille was a good student, especially when it came to science and music. Later he became a church organist. He was also a teacher at the Institute of Blind Youth. Braille died in Paris at the age of 43 of tuberculosis.

References

Category:1809 births
Category:1852 deaths
Category:Deaths from tuberculosis
Category:Disease-related deaths in Paris
Category:French inventors

Louis Braille


The Pin Parvati Pass is a mountain pass in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Category:Mountain passes of India

Pin Parvati Pass


William Earl "Bill" White (August 26, 1939 – May 21, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. White was one of the most notable defensive defense men of the 1970s. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He played for the Rochester Americans and the Springfield Indians in the AHL. He played in the NHL for the Los Angeles Kings and the Chicago Black Hawks.

White died on May 21, 2017 in Toronto, Ontario from natural causes at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

Category:1939 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Canadian ice hockey players
Category:Chicago Blackhawks players
Category:Deaths from natural causes
Category:Disease-related deaths in Canada
Category:Los Angeles Kings players
Category:Sportspeople from Toronto
Category:American Hockey League players
Category:Ontario Hockey League players

Bill White (ice hockey)


Elsa Martinelli (Elisa Tia; 30 January 1935 – 8 July 2017) was an Italian actress and fashion model.

In 1956 she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 6th Berlin International Film Festival for playing the title role in Mario Monicelli's Donatella.

Martinelli appeared in Four Girls in Town (1957), Manuela (1957), Prisoner of the Volga (1959), Hatari! (1962),  The Pigeon That Took Rome (1962), The Trial (1962), The V.I.P.s (1963), Rampage (1963), Woman Times Seven (1967), and Candy (1968).

Martinelli died in Rome on 8 July 2017 of lung cancer at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

Category:1935 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Italian movie actors
Category:Italian television actors
Category:Italian models
Category:People from Tuscany

Elsa Martinelli


Erling Mandelmann (18 November 1935 – 14 January 2018) was a Danish photographer. He began his career as a freelance photojournalist in the mid-1960s. He was born in Copenhagen. He took more than 500 portraits of people, including the 14th Dalai Lama, Noël Coward, Gertrude Fehr, Nina Hagen, Johnny Hallyday, and Prince Hans-Adam of Liechtenstein. His photo-archives have been deposited at the Historical Museum of Lausanne.

Mandelmann died on 14 January 2018 in Paris of an aortic aneurysm at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

 Personal website
 Portraits of celebrities
 Swiss foundation for photography

Category:2018 deaths
Category:1935 births
Category:Deaths from aortic aneurysm
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Category:Photographers
Category:Danish journalists
Category:People from Copenhagen

Erling Mandelmann


Noah Klieger (; July 31, 1925 – December 13, 2018) was an Israeli journalist and sports administrator. He was born in Strasbourg, France. As a journalist, he worked for L'Équipe.

During the Holocaust Klieger survived the concentration camps Auschwitz, Mittelbau-Dora, and Ravensbruck. After World War II, he worked as a sports journalist in Israel. He was the president of the basketball club Maccabi Tel Aviv and chairman of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA)'s media council.

In 2010 Noah Klieger was awarded the FIBA Order of Merit, and 2015 he was inducted into FIBA Hall of Fame for his contributions to international basketball.

In 2012 he became a Knight of the Legion of Honour (Legion d'Honneur), France's award for civilian merit.

Klieger died on December 13, 2018 in Ramat Gan, Israel, from complications of heart disease, aged 92.

References

Other websites

Category:1925 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Israel
Category:Israeli journalists
Category:Israeli Jews
Category:Sports commentators
Category:Holocaust survivors
Category:People from Strasbourg

Noah Klieger


Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (5 January, 1744 - 27 November, 1811) was a  Spanish neoclassical statesman, writer and philosopher.

Banishment
Involved in the disgrace of his friend, Francisco de Cabarrús, Jovellanos spent the years 1790 to 1797 in a sort of prison at Gijon where he wrote.

Reintroduction
In 1797 he came back and refused the post of ambassador to Russia, but accepted to become minister of grace and justice.

Offers to fame
Joseph Bonaparte, on mounting the Spanish throne, made Jovellanos lots of offers but he refused them all and joined a patriotic party. When he was involved in the fall of the party he was sent back to Gijon. The vessel in which he sailed was compelled by stress of weather to put in at Vega de Navia (now Puerto de Vega) in Asturias, and there he died on November 27 1811.

Category:1744 births
Category:1811 deaths
Category:18th century philosophers
Category:19th century philosophers
Category:Spanish politicians
Category:Spanish writers

Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos


Ahmed Aboutaleb, Arabic: أحمد أبو طالب , (born August 29, 1961 in Beni Sidel) is a Dutch politician of Moroccan descent. He is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and the current mayor of Rotterdam.

Aboutaleb migrated to the Netherlands in 1976. He studied telecommunication and worked as a journalist and a civil servant. He was also director of Forum, an organisation aimed at multicultural issues.

From 2004 to 2007 he was an alderman of Amsterdam and from 2007 to 2008 deputy minister for social affairs and employment in the Fourth Balkenende cabinet.

Since January 2009 he has been mayor of Rotterdam.

Ahmed Aboutaleb is a Muslim, and married with four children.

References
  Biography at Parlement.com

Other websites
 Website of Rotterdam

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Deputy government ministers of the Netherlands
Category:Dutch aldermen
Category:Dutch civil servants
Category:Dutch journalists
Category:Dutch mayors
Category:Dutch Muslims
Category:Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Category:Moroccan people
Category:Politicians from Amsterdam
Category:Politicians from Rotterdam

Ahmed Aboutaleb


Rigdon Osmond "Rick" Dees III (born March 14, 1950) is an American radio personality, stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. Dees is a People's Choice Award winner, Grammy-nominated performing artist, and is in the Broadcast Hall of Fame. He wrote two songs that appear in the film Saturday Night Fever and performed the title song for the film Meatballs. He co-founded the E. W. Scripps television network and Fine Living Network. He has hosted Rick Dees in the Morning at 102.7 KIIS FM and Hot 92.3 in Los Angeles. Today he continues his own daily radio show, Daily Dees.

References

Other websites

Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:American stand-up comedians
Category:Actors from Jacksonville, Florida
Category:National Radio Hall of Fame inductees
Category:Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Category:People's Choice Award winners

Rick Dees


Belém is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Pará. It has about 1.4 million inhabitants and an area of 1.070 km².

Category:Capitals of Brazilian states

Belém


Klas Inge "Klabbe" Ingesson (20 August 1968 – 29 October 2014) was a Swedish footballer and manager. He spent most of his career as a midfielder. Ingesson represented the Sweden national team on 57 occasions, including the 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 1992 European Championship. He was the manager of IF Elfsborg from 2013 to 2014.

On 29 October 2014, Ingesson died of the effects of multiple myeloma, aged 46.

References

Category:1968 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Deaths from multiple myeloma
Category:Swedish footballers

Klas Ingesson


Anthrax, or splenic fever, is a disease. Both humans and other animals can get it. It is caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis. It is common with even-toed ungulates (some hoofed creatures, like camels and giraffes). The spores of the bacteria can live for hundreds of years. Humans usually catch the disease from animals. It is usually not passed from one human to another.  Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. There is also a vaccine against it. If not treated, anthrax often leads to death.

Types of anthrax
There are 89 different strains (kinds) of anthrax. One of them, the Ames strain, was used against the United States in 2001 as a biological weapon.

History

Outbreaks
On April 2, 1979, there was a leak at one of the plants just outside of Sverdlovsk that made anthrax during the Cold War. 94 people were infected and 64 of those people died. The USSR blamed the deaths on another strain of anthrax that the people caught by digesting infected meat. However, later it was revealed that the outbreak was caused by an accidental release of the bacteria from a nearby plant which developed biological weapons for the USSR.

In September 2001, several letters containing anthrax were mailed to several USA media companies and senators. The attacks were linked to the September 11 attacks which occurred a few days before the start of the attack.

Hoaxes
There were many cases of fake powder being found in envelopes.

References

Category:Diseases caused by bacteria
Category:Zoonoses

Anthrax


Pasquale J. "Pat" D'Amuro is an American television analyst  and former intelligence agent. He is an expert on terrorism. D'Amuro is a former Director of FBI in New York. He worked for the FBI for 26 years. After the FBI, he went to work for Giuliani Security & Safety, a New York security consulting company.

Life
D'Amuro grew up in upstate New York. He earned his Bachelor's degree in Business at the Niagara University.

He bagan working for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in May 1979. While working for the FBI, D'Amuro learn much about bank robberies, fraud, organized crime, drug trafficing and similar crimes.

After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, he focused his research on terrorist attacks. After this,  he was involved with the research of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya, the 2000 USS Cole bombing in Aden, Yemen, and the attacks on September 11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. Over time, he became a leading expert on al-Qaeda.

After the attacks of September 11, D'Amuro became the assistant director of the counterterrorism division of the FBI. He made changes  that led to better exchange of information between the FBI, CIA, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense. He is also responsible for the creation of the Terrorism Watch List. It is a combination of the information of many different agencies.

In August 2003, he became director of the FBI office in New York. It is the largest FBI office. At this time, he held the third highest position in the FBI. At this time, he began giving public lectures often on the changes that had been made at the FBI since September 11. In March 2005, he left the FBI after a service of 26 years.

After leaving the FBI, he became director of Nine Thirty Capital Management and chairman of the board of Giuliani Security & Safety. In March 2006 he became a commissary of Mercy College. In April 2008, he became the director of American Defense Systems.

D'Amuro is often on the television network CNN as a senior analyst.

Honors
D'Amuro has been given several awards. These include the Presidential Rank Award of the FBI. In 2004, he was given an honorary doctorate in law from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In 2009, D'Amuro got a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from fear.

References
Bloomberg Businessweek (November 17, 2012) biography
Government Executive (April 15, 2003) biography

Category:Business people from New York
Category:Civil servants
Category:Directors of intelligence agencies
Category:American television personalities
Category:Terrorism
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people

Pasquale J. D'Amuro


Etagnières is a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official site

Category:Municipalities of Vaud

Etagnières


The Pitcairn Islands are a group of islands in the southern Pacific. People only live on the second-largest of the four islands. That island is named Pitcairn. It is governed by the United Kingdom. It has the smallest number of people of any country. In 2019, 50 people lived there.

The islands are best known as home of the descendants of the Bounty mutineers and the Tahitians (or Polynesians) who accompanied them, an event retold in numerous books and films. This history still shows in the surnames of many of the islanders. There are only four family names (as of 2010): Christian, Warren, Young and Brown.

History
Originally people from Polynesia lived on the Pitcairn Islands, but there was no one living on the islands when they were discovered (found) by Captain Philip Carteret of H.M.S. Swallow on 2 July 1767. The island was named after Robert Pitcairn, a 15 year old midshipman who was the first person on the Swallow to see it. Robert is believed to have been lost at sea in early 1770 when the ship he was on, HMS Aurora, went missing in the Indian Ocean.

Recent sex crimes
In 2004 charges were laid against seven men living on Pitcairn and six living abroad with sex-related offences dating back a number of years. On 25 October 2004, six men were convicted, including the island's mayor at the time. After the six men lost their final appeal, the British government set up a prison on the island at Bob's Valley. The men began serving their sentences in late 2006, as of 2010 all men have served their sentences or been granted home detention status (Pitcairn News, 2010).

In 2010 the island received a new and updated constitution.

The Islands

Related pages
Mutiny on the Bounty

References

The CIA Government factbook

Category:Islands of Oceania
Category:British overseas territories
Category:Polynesia
Category:Mutiny on the Bounty

Pitcairn Islands


The WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship is a wrestling title owned by WWE. It was created for the SmackDown Live brand after the return of the brand extension. The WWE Tag Team Championship became exclusive of Raw. The first champions were Heath Slater and Rhyno and The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) are the current champions and in their fourth reign which is a record.

History

With the return of the WWE Brand Extension in the middle of 2016, a draft took place in July 19. The WWE Tag Team Champions The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods) was drafted to Raw. As a result, SmackDown Live was left without a tag team title. On the August 23, 2016 episode of SmackDown Live, Shane McMahon introduced the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. A tournament was created for determined the first champions. The final match occurred at Backlash on September 11, 2016, and Heath Slater and Rhyno beat The Usos to won the title.

Tournament bracket

† Chad Gable had a injury after beating The Usos and the American Alpha were removed from the final. The Usos then beat The Hype Bros at Backlash to replace American Alpha in the final.

Reigns

Combined reigns
As of  , .

By team

By wrestler

Notes

References

Other websites
 Official SmackDown Tag Team Title History

Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships

WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship


Egypt observes Eastern European Time (UTC+2) all year round, the same time as neighboring Libya. On April 29, 2016, Egypt announced it was going to re-introduce daylight saving time (DST) on July 7 at 00:00 (UTC+02:00), but on July 4, 2016, the Egyptian government announced that DST will not be observed in 2016.

Daylight saving time
Egypt first observed DST in 1940, but ended in 1945. DST was re-introduced in 1957, and the country continued to observe it until 2010.

Egypt formally observed daylight saving time from the last Friday of April until the first Friday of October. However, because of Ramadan, the dates varied, in 2006, it ended on September 22, in 2007 on September 7, and in 2008 on August 29. In 2010, Ramadan was completely changed to inside "summer".

On April 20, 2011, Egypt stopped observed summer time. EET was then used all year, with no summer time change.

In May 2014, daylight saving time was re-introduced in the country. DST started on Friday, May 16, with the period stopped during Ramadan, and then ended on Friday, September 26, but was abolished in 2015. In April 2016, it was announced DST will start on Friday, July 8, and end on Friday, October 28, but it was cancelled by the Egyptian government on July 4, 2016.

References

Egypt
Category:Egypt

Time in Egypt


Babes in Toyland is an 1961 Disney musical movie. It starred Tommy Sands as Tom Piper and Annette Funicello as Mary Contrary. The characters in the movie are taken from Mother Goose nursery rhymes.

Plot

Tom the Piper's Son is about to marry Mary Quite Contrary. On the night before of their wedding, evil Barnaby hires two men, Gonzorgo and Roderigo, to drown Tom and take Mary's sheep. The sheep are being taken care of by Little Bo Peep. This will make life very hard for Mary and the children she lives with. It will make her have to marry Barnaby.

Tom and the sheep are taken by Gonzorgo and Roderigo, but they sell Tom to gypsies instead of killing him. Tom  escapes from the gypsies and goes with Mary, Bo-Peep, and other Mother Goose characters to Toyland.

Sources

Other websites

Category:1961 movies
Category:Disney movies
Category:Family movies
Category:Musical movies
Category:1960s fantasy movies
Category:English-language movies

Babes in Toyland (1961 movie)


Sin La (el. 5495 m.) is a high Himalayan mountain pass in eastern Kumaun. It is in the Pithoragarh District of the Uttarakhand state in India.

Category:Mountain passes of India

Sin La Pass


NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) is an auto racing governing organization in the United States. The three largest racing series run by NASCAR are the NASCAR Cup Series, the Xfinity Series, and the Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series.

NASCAR Cup Series
The NASCAR Cup Series is the highest level of racing in NASCAR. Because it has been known by many different names in its history, it is often called the "Cup Series". Drivers race in 36 races a year, and the driver with the most points at the end of the year is awarded the Sprint Cup. The closest championship battle was in 2011, and was won by Tony Stewart, who finished the season tied in driver points with Carl Edwards. Stewart won the Cup with five race wins on the season to Edwards' one. This ended a streak of five Sprint Cup wins by Jimmie Johnson. Kyle Busch was the 2019 Cup Series champion. It was his second championship. He won his first championship in 2015.

The series began in 1949 as the Strictly Stock Series, and became the Grand National Series the next year. In 1971, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company became the series sponsor, and named it the Winston Cup Series after one of its cigarette brands. After the 2003 season, a new sponsorship deal was reached with Nextel Communications, a mobile phone company, and the series became the Nextel Cup Series. The Sprint Cup name was first used in 2008, after Nextel was purchased by another phone company, Sprint, to form Sprint Nextel. After the 2016 season a new sponsorship deal reached with Monster Energy, an energy drink, and the series became the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. Monster Energy was the series sponsor through 2019. In 2020, the series does not have a main sponsor. Instead, there are four "partner" sponsors for the series. These sponsors are Coca-Cola, Busch Beer, Xfinity, and GEICO.

Richard Petty, Dale Earnhardt, and Jimmie Johnson have the most NASCAR Cup Series championships. They each have seven championships.

The car that has won the most was the 1957 Chevrolet with 59 wins.

Xfinity Series
The Xfinity Series is often called the minor series of NASCAR. Drivers who wish to drive in the Monster Energy Cup often race here first. Drivers race in 33 races, and the driver with the most points at the end of the year becomes the Xfinity Series champion.

The series grew out of NASCAR's Sportsman division, created in 1950 as a short track racing division. It became a national touring series in 1982. The new series was sponsored by Anheuser-Busch, first as the Budweiser Grand National Series and then as the Busch Grand National Series beginning in 1984. In 2003, NASCAR chose to drop the "Grand National" part of the name, making the competition the Busch Series. After Anheuser-Busch told NASCAR it would not renew its sponsorship after the 2007 season, Nationwide Insurance became the new sponsor starting in 2008. It left at the end of 2014 and the series became the Xfinity series in 2015. Tyler Reddick was the 2019 Xfinity Series champion. It was his second championship in a row. He won his first championship in 2018.

Tyler Reddick is one of the few drivers who have won multiple Xfinity Series championships. The most championships ever won in the Xfinity Series by a single driver are 2. Drivers who have won 2 championships include Sam Ard, Jack Ingram, Larry Pearson, Randy LaJoie, Dale Earnhardt Jr., Martin Truex Jr., Kevin Harvick, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., and Tyler Reddick.

Gander RV and Outdoors Truck Series
The Gander Outdoors Truck Series is pickup truck racing. This series is often known simply as the "Truck Series". The drivers race in 23 races a year. The driver with the most points at the end of the year is called the Gander Outdoors Truck Series Champion.

The series began in 1995 with American department store Sears as sponsor, using its well-known Craftsman brand of tools. The first season was known as the SuperTruck Series presented by Craftsman; the name changed to Craftsman Truck Series the next year. Sears ended its sponsorship of the series after the 2008 season. Camping World, which sells camping supplies and parts and services for recreational vehicles, became the new sponsor in 2009. In 2019, Gander Outdoors became the title sponsor. In 2020, the series is called the Gander RV and Outdoors Truck Series. Matt Crafton was the 2019 Truck Series champion. He is the first driver to win the championship without winning any races in the same season. It was his third championship.

Ron Hornaday, Jr. has the most NASCAR Truck Series championships. He has four championships.

The history of NASCAR
The unofficial racing that became NASCAR started during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s. From 1920 to 1933, it was illegal for people in the United States to sell or drink alcoholic beverages. Even though it was illegal, people still made beer and whiskey (or also known as "moonshine"), and the makers needed people to drive their illegal whiskey to their customers. The drivers were known as "bootleggers". These bootleggers were known for making their cars' engines faster and driving fast. Eventually, they got together and started racing to see whose car was the fastest. These unofficial races became NASCAR. TV coverage of NASCAR races has grown considerably since it started in 1972.

Other websites
NASCAR.com, the official site of NASCAR
Racing-Reference.info - Race Results and Driver Statistics for NASCAR and more, run by NASCAR

References

Category:1920s establishments in the United States

NASCAR


The Sea Islands are a chain of tidal and barrier islands on the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean coast of the United States.

There are over a hundred of them. They are between the mouths of the Santee and St. Johns Rivers along the coast of the US states of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

Barrier islands like these may change during storms. They absorb energy and protect the coastlines. Indirectly, they may help to create areas of protected waters where wetlands may flourish.

Category:Islands of the United States
Category:Islands of Florida
Category:Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Geography of South Carolina

Sea Islands


Auzay is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Vendée department in west France.

Category:Communes in Vendée

Auzay


Roger Wayne Marshall (born August 9, 1960) is an American politician and obstetrician. He is the U.S. Representative for . He was elected in 2016. Marshall is a Republican.

Life
Marshall was born in El Dorado, Kansas. He was in the United States Army Reserve for seven years, and he reached the rank of captain.

2016 campaign
Marshall ran against Tim Huelskamp in the Republican Party primary election for  in the United States House of Representatives. Marshall had support from many of Kansas's agricultural groups. They were mad at Huelskamp for losing his seat on the House Agriculture Committee. This was the first time in 100 years that a Kansan was not on that committee.

Marshall won 56% of the vote. Huelskamp won only 44%. The district is very Republican. No Democrat ran. In the general election, Marshall easily won.

Political views

Health care
Marshall is against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). Marshall voted for the American Health Care Act of 2017. This bill would have repealed and replaced the Affordable Care Act.

Abortion
Marshall is anti-abortion.

Personal life
Marshall lives in Great Bend, Kansas, and he practices medicine there.

Election history
Kansas's 1st congressional district, 2016

References

Other websites

 Congressman Roger Marshall official US House website
 Roger Marshall for Congress official campaign website

Category:1960 births
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:Kansas Republicans
Category:Living people

Roger Marshall


Saint-Éloy-d'Allier is a commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Saint-Éloy-d'Allier


Desi Arnaz (Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III, March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986) was a Cuban-American movie, stage, television actor, television producer and director, writer, comedian, and musician. He is known for playing Ricky Ricardo in I Love Lucy.

He was born in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. He was married to Lucille Ball from 1940 until they divorced in 1960. They had a son named Desi Jr, and a daughter named Lucie. Then he was married to Edith Mack Hirsh from 1963 until her death in 1985. Arnaz died from lung cancer in Del Mar, California, on December 2, 1986. He was 69 years old.

References

Other websites

Category:1917 births
Category:1986 deaths
Category:American comedians
Category:American movie actors
Category:American musicians
Category:American stage actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American television directors
Category:American television producers
Category:American writers
Category:Cuban actors
Category:Cuban musicians
Category:Cancer deaths in California
Category:Deaths from lung cancer

Desi Arnaz


Phillip Paul Lloyd (born 3 March 1981) is a South African professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he wrestled under the ring name Justin Gabriel. He is currently wrestling for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Global Force Wrestling (GFW) under the ring name PJ Black.

Lloyd was the first South African wrestler to compete in the WWE. While performing in Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), he was a one-time FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion and a one-time FCW Florida Tag Team Champion with Kris Logan. He is a former member of The Nexus and The Corre. His finishing move is the 450° splash.

Gabriel had his last televised WWE match on the January 14, 2015 episode of Main Event in a loss to Rusev. On January 24, 2015, it was reported by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter that Gabriel had quit WWE, which was a day before the 2015 Royal Rumble which he was scheduled to appear in before he was replaced in the match. The next day, WWE confirmed his release.

On May 6, 2015, Global Force Wrestling (GFW) announced that they had added PJ Black to their roster.

On August 12, Black was a part of an angle, where GFW invaded Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He would go on to defeat Lashley, Chris Mordetzky, Eric Young and Robbie E in a King of the Mountain match and win the vacant TNA King of the Mountain Championship. On August 19, Black faced off against EC3 for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

References

Other websites

GFW profile

Category:1981 births
Category:Former WWE wrestlers
Category:Living people
Category:People from Cape Town
Category:South African sportspeople
Category:TNA wrestlers
Category:White South African people

Justin Gabriel


David Marvin Blake (born 18 January 1970) is an American rapper and recording artist. He has rapped with other singers and on his own albums. He was born in Compton, California.

References

Category:Singers from California
Category:Rap musicians
Category:1970 births
Category:Living people

DJ Quik


An icosagon is a shape with 20 sides and 20 corners. It has interior angles of 162 and exterior angles of 198.

Regular icosagon
The regular icosagon has Schläfli symbol {20}, and can also be constructed as a truncated decagon, t{10}, or a twice-truncated pentagon, tt{5}.

Area
The amount of space a regular icosagon takes up is

a is the length of one of its sides.

Uses
The Big Wheel on the popular US game show The Price Is Right has an icosagonal cross-section.

The Globe, the outdoor theater used by William Shakespeare's acting company, was discovered to have been built on an icosagonal foundation when a partial excavation was done in 1989.

As a golygonal path, the swastika is considered to be an irregular icosagon.

A regular square, pentagon, and icosagon can completely fill a plane vertex.

Dissection
Coxeter states that every parallel-sided 2m-gon can be divided into m(m-1)/2 rhombs. For the icosagon, m=10, and it can be divided into 45: 5 squares and 4 sets of 10 rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 10-cube, with 45 of 11520 faces.  The list A006245 enumerates the number of solutions as 18,410,581,880, including up to 20-fold rotations and chiral forms in reflection.

References

Naming Polygons and Polyhedra
icosagon

20

Icosagon


"Sleeping Beauty" () is a fairy tale. There are several versions of it, including "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood" by Charles Perrault and "Briar Rose" or "Little Briar Rose" () by the Brothers Grimm. The story is about a princess who falls into a deep sleep for one hundred years, and is awoken by a heroic prince.

Perrault's version first appeared in 1695 in a hand-written and illustrated manuscript called Tales of Mother Goose () along with "Little Red Riding Hood", "Bluebeard", "Puss in Boots", and "Diamonds and Toads". It was next published in the newspaper Mercure galant in 1696. It was revised, and published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in Histoires ou contes du temps passé (), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. It has been adapted to various media including a pantomime by James Robinson Planché, a ballet, and a Disney animated movie.

The Grimms published their version in Children's and Household Tales () in 1812.

Versions
Tales similar to Perrault's include "Troylus and Zelladine" from the 14th-century French work Perceforest, the Catalan collection Frayre de Joy e Sor de Placer, the story of Brynhild from the Saga of the Volsungs, and "Sun, Moon, and Talia" from Giambattista Basile's Pentamerone (1636). Tchaikovsky's Ballet Sleeping Beauty is roughly based on Perrault's version; and Disney published 1959 their animatic Sleeping Beauty Version - a Mixture out of the former versions and mostly Tchaikovsky's Ballet.

There are slight differences between the Grimms's version of the sleeping princess tale and that of Perrault. The Grimms's Briar Rose is released from her sleep by a kiss from the prince while Perrault's princess wakes when the prince simply kneels beside her.

Maria Tatar writes, "The Grimms' "Sleeping Beauty" has a narrative integrity that has made it more appealing than [Basile and Perrault], at least in the United States." She explains that the version of the Grimms discards the post-marital conflicts of Basile and Perrault that were probably separate narratives at one time. Tatar believes Briar Rose is the stereotypical passive fairy tale heroine who simply waits for a man to come along to free her from a near catatonic state.

Story

A king and queen long for a child. A frog in the queen's bath foretells the future birth of a baby. The queen gives birth to a daughter. The king and queen host a celebration (a christening in the Perrault version). In the Perrault version, they invite seven good fairies; in the Grimms' version, they invite twelve "wise women". Another, evil woman (or fairy) appears who puts a curse on the infant princess. She says that the princess will one day prick her finger on the spindle of a spindle and die. One of the good women softens the curse. Instead of dying, the princess will sleep for one hundred years.

The king orders all spindles to be burnt to protect his daughter. When she is about fifteen or sixteen, however, the princess finds an old woman spinning in a tower room. The princess handles the spindle and pricks her finger. She falls into a deep sleep. The good fairy puts everyone in the castle to sleep. A thorny forest or a hedge of roses springs up and surrounds the castle to protect the sleeping princess.

One hundred years pass. A prince has heard fabulous tales of the place and wants to find the princess. He arrives at the castle and finds the sleeping princess in the tower room. In the Grimms' version, he wakes her with a kiss; Perrault's princess wakes when the prince simply kneels beside her. The prince and the princess get married.

The Perrault version continues further. The prince and princess have two children. The prince goes off to war. His wife and children stay with his mother. She is an ogress. She wants to eat her guests. A servant saves them. The ogress is furious. She decides to put the princess and her children into a cauldron filled with toads and snakes. The prince arrives. His wife and children are saved. The ogress jumps head first into the cauldron and dies.

References
 Barchilon, Jacques and Henry Pettit. 1960. The Authentic Mother Goose Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes. Denver: Alan Swallow. pp. 12–3.
 Betts, Christopher. 2009. The Complete Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. xiv-xv, 191.
 Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 81–3.
 Tatar, Maria. 2002. The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales. Norton. pp. 95–96.
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 467, 476.

Other websites
  Sleeping Beauty (Perrault's version), audio version

Category:French literature
Category:Works by Charles Perrault
Category:Grimms' Fairy Tales

Sleeping Beauty


An agent is a person who acts on behalf of another person, or a representative of an agency.

an FBI agent is an official representative of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
 literary agent, a person who represents a writer
 sports agent, a professional who represents an athlete
 talent agent, a person who finds jobs for actors, models, and other people in various entertainment businesses.
 travel agent, a person who helps plan a trip and buys airline tickets and makes hotel reservations.

Agent can also mean:

 a secret agent, a spy (espionage)
 a free agent, a sports player who is out of contract
 a realtor (US), or real estate agent (Brit.)

In science:

 Agent Orange, a herbicide
 biological agent, an infectious disease that can be used in biological warfare

In fiction:

 Agents, characters in The Matrix
 Secret Agent, a 1936 film

Agent


Jehan Alain (born Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, 3 February, 1911; died near Saumur, 20 June 1940) was a French organist and composer.  He learned to play the organ at home on an organ that his father had built.  In his short life he composed many works.  His most famous organ pieces are Trois Danses (Three Dances) and a brilliant piece called Litanies.

Alain was killed fighting in the World War II.

His youngest sister, Marie-Claire Alain, is an internationally-famous organist and has made several complete recordings of her brother's organ works.

Category:1911 births
Category:1940 deaths
Category:20th century composers
Category:French composers

Jehan Alain


Trézelles is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Trézelles


Wolfgang Joachim Zuckermann (11 October 1922 – 4 November 2018) was a German-American harpsichord maker and activist. He was born in Berlin. He invented a highly popular kit for constructing new instruments and wrote an influential book, The Modern Harpsichord.  As environmental and social activist, he has authored books including The Mews of London and The End of the Road.

In June 1994 he became founder and owner-manager of Shakespeare, an English-language bookstore and arts center in Avignon, named after a famous earlier "Shakespeare" bookstore run in Paris. Zuckermann retired from running the bookstore in 2012.

Zuckermann died on 4 November 2018 in Orange, Vaucluse, France at the age of 96.

References

Category:1922 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:American activists
Category:American environmentalists
Category:Writers from Berlin

Wolfgang Zuckermann


Nils Christie (February 24, 1928 – May 27, 2015) was a Norwegian sociologist and criminologist. He was a professor of criminology at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo since 1966. Among his books is Pinens begrensning from 1981. This has been translated into eleven languages.

References

Category:1928 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Sociologists
Category:Writers from Oslo

Nils Christie


Parves is a former commune in the Ain department in eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Parves-et-Nattages.

Related pages
Communes of the Ain department

References

Category:Former communes in Ain

Parves


Gas is a city in the northwestern part of Allen County, in southeast Kansas, in the Central United States. In 2010, 564 people lived there.  The city was named for the natural gas that was found in the area.

History
In the summer of 1898 in Elm Township, E.K. Taylor sold  of his farm to some spelter companies when natural gas was found in the area. This was the beginning of "Gas City". The place grew quickly. In 1910 the population was 1,281, and the city had a bank, a daily and a weekly newspaper, an opera house, an international money order postoffice (first opened in August 1899).

Geography
Gas is at  (37.923851, -95.346168). It is along U.S. Route 54 in Elm Township. Gas is about three miles (5 km) east of Iola (the county seat) and 2½ miles west of the city of La Harpe.  The interchange between U.S. Routes 54 and 169 is about two miles (3 km) west of Gas.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
In the 2010 census, there were 564 people, 216 households, and 149 families living in Gas.

2000 census
In 2000, there were 556 people, 217 households, and 167 families living in Gas.

References

More reading

Other websites

City
 City of Gas
 Gas - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 257, local school district
Maps
 Gas City Map, KDOT

Category:Cities in Allen County, Kansas
Category:1890s establishments in Kansas
Category:1898 establishments in the United States

Gas, Kansas


Aristarchus (310 BC – about 230 BC), was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician. His is the first known model that put the Sun at the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it (see Solar system).

Aristarchus was influenced by Philolaus of Croton, but he identified the "central fire" with the Sun, and put the other planets in their correct order of distance around the Sun.  His astronomical ideas were often rejected in favour of the geocentric theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy.

Personal information
His name is Ἀρίσταρχος in Greek letters, which transliterates to Aristarchos. He was born on the island of Samos, in the eastern Aegean Sea.

Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism is the idea of the Sun at the centre. Though the original text has been lost, a reference in Archimedes' book The Sand Reckoner describes another work by Aristarchus in which he advanced the heliocentric model as an alternative hypothesis.  Archimedes wrote:

So Aristarchus believed the stars were very far away, which is an important step. Therefore, there was no observable parallax, that is, a movement of the stars relative to each other while the Earth moves around the Sun. The stars are much farther away than was generally assumed in ancient times; and the tiny amount of stellar parallax is only detectable with telescopes.

The old geocentric model explained planetary parallax, and was assumed to be the reason why no stellar parallax was observed. Rejection of the heliocentric view was common, as the following passage from Plutarch suggests (On the apparent face in the orb of the Moon):

The only other astronomer of antiquity who is known by name and who is known to have supported Aristarchus' heliocentric model was Seleucus, a Hellenistic astronomer who lived a century after Aristarchus.

The heliocentric theory was successfully revived nearly 1800 years later by Copernicus, after which Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton gave the theoretical explanation based on laws of physics, namely Kepler's laws for the motion of planets and Newton's laws on gravitational attraction and dynamics.

Precession

The Vatican library has preserved two ancient manuscripts with estimates of the length of the year. The only ancient scientist listed for two different values is Aristarchus. Both are close to the values later used by Hipparchus and Ptolemy, and the precession indicated is almost precisely 1 degree per century, a value which is too low. 1 degree per century precession was used by all later astronomers until  the Arabs. The correct value in Aristarchus's time was about 1.38 degrees per century.

References

Further reading

Other websites
 Biography: JRASC, 75 (1981) 29
 First estimate of the Moon's distance and First estimate of the Sun's distance from educational website   From Stargazers to Starships
 Gomez, A. G. (2011)  Aristarchos of Samos the Polymath [online], http://www.jscimath.org/uploads/J2011173AG.pdf
 Heath, T. L. (1913) Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus: A history of Greek astronomy to Aristarchus together with Aristarchus' treatise on the sizes and distances of the sun and moon, a new Greek text with translation and notes, Oxford, Clarendon Press (PDF).

Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by Aristarchus of Samos in .jpg and .tiff format.

Category:310 BC births
Category:3rd century BC deaths
Category:Ancient Greek astronomers
Category:Ancient Greek writers

Aristarchus of Samos


The common yabby, Cherax destructor, is an Australian freshwater crustacean. It is in the Parastacidae family. It is listed as a vulnerable species of crayfish by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). But wild yabby populations remain strong, and have expanded into new habitats created by reservoirs and farm dams.

Its common name of "yabby" is also applied to many other Australian Cherax species of crustacean. The name is also applied marine ghost shrimp of the infra-order Thalassinidea. Yabbies occasionally reach up to 30 cm (12 in) in length but are more commonly 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long.

Colour is highly variable and depends on water clarity (how clear it is) and habitat. Yabbies can range from black, blue-black or dark brown in clear waters to light brown, green-brown or beige in dark waters. Yabbies specifically bred to be a vibrant blue colour are now popular in the aquarium trade in Australia.

References

Category:Crustaceans
Category:Animals of Australia

Common yabby


Antonietta Dell'Era (16 February 1861 Milan  22 June 1945 Berlin) was an Italian prima ballerina in Berlin, best remembered for creating the Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker (1892). Her first performance was sold out, and she received good reviews. Modest Tchaikovsky described her as "pudgy and unattractive".

Category:Dancers
Category:Italian people
Category:1861 births
Category:1945 deaths

Antonietta Dell'Era


Peter George Adamson (16 February 1930 – 17 January 2002) was an English actor. He was best known for his role as Len Fairclough  in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street from January 1961 to May 1983.

Adamson died from stomach cancer in Lincoln County Hospital on 17 January 2002 at the age of 71.

References

Other websites

Category:1930 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:Actors from Liverpool
Category:English stage actors
Category:English television actors
Category:People acquitted of sex crimesCategory:Deaths from stomach cancer
Category:Cancer deaths in England

Peter Adamson


Estádio Palestra Itália, also known as Parque Antártica, is the name of the football stadium of Palmeiras. It is located in São Paulo, Brazil, and has a capacity of 32,000.

Category:Football stadiums in Brazil
Category:São Paulo

Estádio Palestra Itália


Gujarati might mean:

Anything related to Gujarat, a state in India
 Gujarati people
 Gujarati language

Gujarati


Blainville-sur-Orne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Category:Communes in Calvados

Blainville-sur-Orne


Inside Story is the eighth studio album by Jamaican recording artist Grace Jones, released in 1986 by Manhattan Records, it was her first and only album on that label.

Background
Released under new contract with Manhattan Records, for Inside Story Jones worked with the music producer Nile Rodgers of Chic (Jones had previously tried to work with the band during her disco era.) The release of Inside Story was  Manhattan Records' "most extensive marketing and merchandising campaign ever".

Track listing
All songs were written by Grace Jones and Bruce Woolley.

Side A
 "I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You)" – 3:57
 "Hollywood Liar" – 3:50
 "Chan Hitchhikes to Shanghai" – 4:33
 "Victor Should Have Been a Jazz Musician" – 4:42
 "Party Girl" – 3:44

Side B
 "Crush" – 3:27
 "Barefoot in Beverly Hills" – 4:07
 "Scary but Fun" – 3:55
 "White Collar Crime" – 4:59
 "Inside Story" – 4:31

Personnel
 Scott Ansell – sound engineering
 Richard Bernstein – computer image
 Knut Bohn – engineering
 Greg Calbi – mastering
 Barry Diament – digital editing
 Steve Elson – bariton sax, flute
 James Farber – recording, mixing
 Mac Gollehon – trumpet
 Stan Harrison – alto sax
 Grace Jones – vocals, production
 Kevin Jones – digital interfacing, sequencing, drum programming
 Lenny Pickett – tenor sax
 Nile Rodgers – production, arrangements
 Budd Tunick – production managing
 Bruce Woolley – arrangements

Commercial reception

Chart performance

Certifications and sales

Release history

References

Other websites
 Inside Story on Allmusic
 Inside Story on Discogs
 Inside Story on Rate Your Music

Category:1986 albums
Category:Grace Jones albums
Category:Funk albums
Category:R&B albums

Inside Story (Grace Jones album)


Hawa Abdallah Mohammed Salih (Arabic: حواء عبد الله محمد صالح) is a Sudanese activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.

Life

Hawa was born in North Darfur, Sudan.  She left Darfur because of war between the Sudanese government forces and Darfuri rebels.

Work

Hawa moved to Abu Shouk internally displaced persons camp for refugees.  She worked with the United Nations and with the American NGO International Rescue Committee (IRC). She helped complain about bad conditions in the camp, so people would be aware. Hawa went to jail three times because of her work.   The National Security police kidnapped her twice.

In 2011 she was in jail for two months in a state prison in Khartoum. In 2011 she escaped from Sudan. In 2013 she asked to stay in the United States.

References

Other websites

 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Category:Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Category:Living people
Category:Sudanese people
Category:Human rights activists
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Hawa Abdallah Mohammed Salih


Herne Bay is a small seaside town in Kent, South East England. It is about  from London. The town has a population of about 35,000. It is near Canterbury, Whitstable and the historic villages of Herne and Reculver. Up until 1978, the town had the second-longest pier in the United Kingdom. However, in 1987 it was destroyed by a storm.

Category:Towns in Kent

Herne Bay


Philip Sidney (1554–1586) was an English poet, diplomat and soldier .

Biography
Philip Sidney was born on 30 November 1554.. He was the son of Henry Sidney and his wife, Mary, née Dudley. On 17 October 1564 he was enrolled in Shrewsbury School. One of the boys that began their learning on that day was Fulke Greville, First Lord Brooke, who became Philip Sidney's friend. Much later he became his biographer, too. After he finished school, at the age of 13, Philip Sidney went to Oxford to study at Christ College. He did not however get any scholarly degree. He went to France when he witnessed the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. He also travelled to Germany, Austria and Hungary.  He was in Italy, too. He went as a messenger from Queen Elizabeth to Prague, where the emperor Maximilian II ruled. Then he went to a war in Netherlands. There he was wounded in the thigh 23 September 1586 at Zuphen. Because of that he got an infection and died at 17 October 1586 at Arnhem. He was buried on February 16, 1587 at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London.

Works
Philip Sidney is generally regarded as best English lyrical poet of the Renaissance. He was also considered a hero after his death Phillip Sidney wrote both poetry and prose. He is famous for his sonnets. They were edited in the sequence named Astophil and Stella. He also wrote Arcadia and The Defence of Poesy. Philip Sidney's poems were translated into many languages, among others into Czech.

Philip Sidney's sister was the poet and translator Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (1561-1621).

References

Other websites
 Philip Sidney, Astrophil and Stella. The text of each poem with a line by line paraphrase, and occasional explanatory notes by A. S. Kline.

Category:English poets
Category:British diplomats
Category:1554 births
Category:1586 deaths

Philip Sidney


William Goldwyn "Bill" Nunn III (October 20, 1953 – September 24, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Radio Raheem in Spike Lee's movie Do the Right Thing and Robbie Robertson in the Sam Raimi Spider-Man movie trilogy. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Nunn died of leukemia at his home in Pittsburgh's Hill District on September 24, 2016, aged 62.

References

Other websites

Category:1953 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:African-American movie actors
Category:African-American television actors
Category:Cancer deaths in Pennsylvania
Category:Deaths from leukemia
Category:Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Bill Nunn


Temperature is how hot or cold  something is. Our bodies can feel the difference between something which is hot and something which is cold. To measure temperature more accurately, a thermometer can be used. Thermometers use a temperature scale to record how hot or cold something is. The scale used in most of the world is in degrees Celsius, sometimes called "centigrade". In the USA and some other countries and locations, degrees Fahrenheit  are more often used while scientists mostly use kelvins  to measure temperature because it never goes below zero.

Scientifically, temperature is a physical quantity which describes how quickly molecules are moving inside a material. In solids and liquids the molecules are vibrating around a fixed point in the substance, but in gases they are in free flight and bouncing off each other as they travel. In a gas the temperature, pressure and volume of the gas are closely related by a law of physics.

Useful temperatures
When they invented temperature scales scientists found there were certain things which were always around the same temperature:

Water freezes at a temperature of 0 °C, 32 °F, or 273.15 K.
The temperature inside the human body is close to 37 °C or 98 °F.
Water boils at 100 °C, 212 °F, or 373.15 K.
The coldest possible temperature is absolute zero. Absolute zero is 0 K,-459 °F, or -273.15 °C. At absolute zero molecules and atoms come to rest and so have no heat energy.

Temperature  and heat
Temperature is not the same as heat. Heat is energy which moves from one thing, cooling it, to another, heating it. Temperature is a measure of the movements (vibration) of the molecules inside a thing. If the thing has a high temperature, it means the average speed of its molecules is fast. A thing may have a high temperature but because it contains very few or light atoms it has very little heat.

Heat capacity
The amount of heat that is needed to make a substance one degree higher is called its heat capacity. Different substances have different heat capacities. For example, a kilogram of water has more heat capacity than a kilogram of steel. This means that more energy is needed to make the temperature of water 1 °C hotter than is needed to make the temperature of steel 1 °C hotter.

Weather
Temperature is also important in weather and climate. It is related to the amount of heat energy in the air. Isotherm maps are used to show how temperature is different across an area. Temperature will be different during different times of day, different seasons and in different places. It is affected by how much heat reaches the place from the suns rays (insolation), how high the place is above the level of the sea, and how much heat is brought to the place by the movement of winds and ocean currents.

Related pages

 Dew point
 Relative humidity

Category:Weather measurements
Category:Heat
Category:Physical quantity
Category:Thermodynamics
Category:Basic physics ideas

Temperature


O'Kean is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

Category:Towns in Arkansas

O'Kean, Arkansas


IPO may refer to:

 Initial public offering of a corporations' shares to the public
 Intellectual Property Office (disambiguation), a government agency in many nations
 Intellectual Property Owners Association
 International Philosophy Olympiad
 International Progress Organization, an organization dealing with world affairs, based in Vienna
 Instituto Português de Oncologia, in Portugal
 IPO (station), a metro station at the University of Porto, Portugal
 Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
 IPO Model (Input, Processing, Output), a conceptual model of computer systems
 Interprocedural optimization, a method of optimizing computer programs
 Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis (Treaty of Osnabrück), one of the two treaties of the Peace of Westphalia
 Impersonating a police officer

IPO (disambiguation)


Shot put is an athletics sport where people try to "put" a heavy weighted ball as far as they can. They are not allowed to throw it, but instead they push the ball out into the air. They "put" the ball by holding it at their neck and pushing it through the air.  The shot put has been part of the Olympics since 1896. The weight of the ball can vary from 6 to 16 pounds (2.76 to 7.26 kg), depending on level age and gender of the participants. The object of the sport is to throw it as far as possible.

The Shot put is similar to the javelin. It is an official Olympic event and can be seen at the Olympic games. The athlete cannot wear gloves when they are participating. If wearing gloves, the athlete will be disqualified.

The shot put event was first seen in the Middle Ages, when they would throw cannonballs at their enemies.

It is an outdoor event and cannot be played inside. It is a track and field event.

Throwing technique
There are two types of putting styles: glide and spin (rotation). The glide was invented in the US in the year 1876. The spin was also developed in the US. It was invented by Parry O'Brian and made famous by Brian Oldfield.

Rules
The athlete must only use one hand and it must not drop below the shoulder or it could cause damage.
The athlete can be disqualified for leaving the circle before the shot hits the ground, or leaving the sector lines.
The athlete must not put a foot past the toe board, or it is a disqualification.
The athlete must not take longer than 60.00 seconds to take a shot.it is compulsory to put the shot in the given time.

History
Shot put was originally used in the Olympics to see who was the strongest athlete. Each athlete threw from a wooden square, and could only stand to throw. The shot put was a large stone ball. That is now a metal not softer than brass.

Warm up

Under hand toss
Stand facing landing area.
Hold shot in front of body with both hands.
Bend knees and throw shot up and out, away from body, using an underhand toss.

Chest pass
Stand facing landing area.
Hold shot with both hands with fingers behind shot.
Push shot out like a basketball chest pass.

Record holders

Cameron George, 23.12m United Kingdom 2013
Natalya Lisovskaya, 22.63m RUS 1987
Mark Robinson, 24.60m USA 2009

Category:Events in athletics

Shot put


Richard Stallman (born March 16, 1953) is the founder of the free software movement, the GNU project, and the Free Software Foundation. He is also a famous hacker. He created GNU Emacs, the GNU C Compiler, and the GNU Debugger. He is one of the main authors of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL), the most used free software license, which pioneered the concept of the copyleft.

Since the mid-1990s, he has spent most of his time as a political campaigner, talking about free software and campaigning against proprietary software, software idea patents and expansions of copyright law. The time that he still spends on programming is spent on GNU Emacs. He is currently supported by various fellowships and maintains a modest standard of living.

Other websites
 Stallman.org – Richard Stallman's personal homepage
 Richard Stallman's blog

Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:American computer scientists
Category:Scientists from New York City

Richard Stallman


The black-headed parrot is Pionites melanocephalus. It lives in forests, most often in humid places, and nearby wooded habitats. They are known as 'caiques'.

The bird is widespread in South America, and has two subspecies which are very similar. It lives north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is quite common and lives in many protected areas.

They are usually in pairs or small noisy groups of 10 to 30. They eat flowers, fruit, and seeds and possibly insects. Males and females look the same: they have identical plumage.

References

Category:True parrots

Black-headed parrot


Léglise is a municipality in the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

In 2007, 4178 people lived there.

It is at 49° 48 North, 05° 32 East.

References

Category:Municipalities of Luxembourg (Belgium)

Léglise


Mackenzie Ryann Rosman (born December 28, 1989) is an American actress.  She is best known for her role as Ruthie Camden on The CW's 7th Heaven.

Category:American television actors
Category:American child actors
Category:Actors from South Carolina
Category:1989 births
Category:Living people

Mackenzie Rosman


Heartfire (1998) is an alternate history/fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card. It is the fifth book in Card's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller, the seventh son of a seventh son (which gives him magical powers).

Other websites
 About the novel Heartfire from Card's website

Category:1998 books
Category:Fantasy books
Category:Books by Orson Scott Card

Heartfire


The 2014 Hong Kong protests, also known as the Umbrella Revolution, are a series of protests in Hong Kong that started on 27 September 2014. They are protesting against the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress' (NPCSC) decision on the proposed electoral reform for the planned 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election. The NPCSC would need a nomination committee to pre-approve up to three electoral candidates before they go on to a vote that involves the general population. After the election, the Chief Executive-elect still has to be formally appointed by the central government before they can officially take their post.

The student groups Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism started protesting outside of the government headquarters on the 22 September, 2014. During the evening of 26 September, there were a group of several hundred demonstrators that broke through a security barrier and had entered the plaza in front of the Central Government Complex. The police then closed off and blockaded it overnight. This caused more protesters to join and surround the police. The standoff between the protesters and police lasted for a day, during which the police started attacking unarmed protesters with shields, batons, and pepper spray. The movement Occupy Central with Love and Peace announced that they would start their civil disobedience campaign with starting immediately.

On 28 September at around noon, the protesters moved onto Harcourt Road and went on to occupy Queensway. After a standoff that lasted for several hours, police started using tear gas and water cannons on the crowds and they also threatened to open fire with rubber bullets if they did not leave.

References

Category:2014 in China
Category:2010s in Hong Kong
Category:Protests

2014 Hong Kong protests


Incahuasi is a  volcano in the Andes range, in Argentina. It is the 10th highest mountain in the Andes.

Category:Mountains of Argentina
Category:Andes
Category:Volcanoes of South America

Incahuasi


Öggestorp Church () is a church building in Öggestorp, Sweden. It belongs to the Rogberga-Öggestorp Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was opened on 18 August 1883. It replaced replacing the old church. The older church was demolished in 1882.

References

Other websites

Category:Church of Sweden churches

Öggestorp Church


Overkill is a thrash metal band from New Jersey. They formed in 1984 and have played since then.

Discography
 Feel the Fire (1985)
 Taking Over (1987)
 Under The Influence (1988)
 The Years of Decay (1989)
 Horrorscope (1991)
 I Hear Black (1993)
 W.F.O. (1994)
 The Killing Kind (1996)
 !!!Fuck You!!! and Then Some (1996)
 From the Underground and Below (1997)
 Necroshine (1999)
 Bloodletting (2000)
 Killbox 13 (2003)
 ReliXIV (2005)
 Immortalis (2007)
 Ironbound (2010)
 The Electric Age (2012)

References

Other websites

 Official OVERKILL Site
 BORN IN THE BASEMENT- Thrash Metal/ Overkill History
 Overkill artwork archive from Rat Skates

Category:1980s American music groups
Category:1990s American music groups
Category:2000s American music groups
Category:2010s American music groups
Category:Musical groups from New Jersey
Category:American heavy metal bands
Category:Thrash metal bands

Overkill


Star Fox Command is a video game for the Nintendo DS game console. It is the fifth game in the Star Fox series. It was developed by Q-Games and published by Nintendo EAD Group No. 2. It was released in Europe on July 19, 2006, in Japan on August 3, 2006, in North America on August 28, 2006,  and in Australia on September 21, 2006. It is the first Star Fox game to be released on a handheld video game console. It is also the first Star Fox game to have online play with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.

Gameplay
The game features two types of gameplay: a map mode, and a battle mode. In the map mode, the player takes control of several ships. The player can control up to four ships at a time. The player's goal is to stop enemy ships from reaching the Great Fox. When the player meets an enemy or missile, the gameplay switches to the battle mode.

Battle mode has gameplay that is similar to past Star Fox games. The player can move freely around the level, like some bosses and levels in Star Fox 64. The player has to destroy a base ship, defeat all of the enemies, or collect a number of cores. Once the player completes what they have to do, the game goes back to the map screen. As the player plays further in the game, they will be able to take different routes when they complete some levels. Each route has different planets that the player can visit depending on what route they choose.

Multiplayer
Multiplayer can be played with up to six players in DS Download Play, and with up to three players in Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection play. The goal is to destroy the ships of the other players and collect stars that they leave behind. Players can collect stars from opponents that were not killed by the player. Nintendo Wi-Fi play ranks a player from Z to A, with Z being the lowest and A being the highest. Every time a player wins a match, they get an amount of percent. When the player reaches 100%, they move to the next letter.

References

Category:2006 video games
Category:Nintendo DS games
Category:Star Fox

Star Fox Command


The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 A.D. The Atlantic provinces became the Kingdom of Portugal in 1139, and the eastern, inland part of the kingdom was joined to the Kingdom of Castile by 1230. It is now León (province).

Category:Kingdom of León
Category:1230 disestablishments
Category:910 establishments
Category:Former monarchies of Europe

Kingdom of León


Bob "Daddy-O" Wade (January 6, 1943 – December 23, 2019) was an artist. He was born in Austin, Texas. He helped shape the 1970s Texas Cosmic Cowboy counterculture. His work was exhibited at the South Austin Museum of Popular Culture in the fall of 2009.

He was best known for his creating large sculptures of Texas symbols and for experimenting with hand-tinting black-and-white vintage photographs transferred to large photo canvases. His  giant iguana, knowns as "Iggy", sat on top of the Lone Star Cafe in New York City from 1978 to 1989.

Wade died on December 23, 2019 in Austin of cardiac arrest at the age of 76.

References

Other websites

 William Campbell Contemporary Art

Category:1943 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Deaths from cardiac arrest
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Category:American sculptors
Category:People from Austin, Texas

Bob Wade (artist)