The Royal Irish Constabulary (Irish: Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann) was the police force of Ireland when it was part of the United Kingdom. It was made by legislation, which was sponsored by Sir Robert Peel in 1814. It was given its name by Queen Victoria for its loyalty during an Irish rebellion in 1867. It was made up mainly of Irish Roman Catholics. In 1870 the RIC took over the police forces of Londonderry and Belfast. The RIC worked together with the Dublin Metropolitan Police.

It was shut down when Ireland left the UK in 1922. The Irish Free State Civic Guard has taken its place in Ireland, and in Northern Ireland it was replaced by the Royal Ulster Constabulary.

References

Category:Law enforcement agencies of the United Kingdom
Category:History of Ireland
Category:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
Category:1814 establishments
Category:1810s establishments in the United Kingdom
Category:1922 disestablishments in Europe
Category:1920s disestablishments in the United Kingdom

Royal Irish Constabulary


Merrill Womach (February 7, 1927 – December 28, 2014) was an American undertaker, organist and gospel singer. He was known for founding National Music Service (now Global Distribution Network, Inc.), which provided recorded music to funeral homes across America, and for surviving a plane crash in Beaver Marsh, Oregon. It left him disfigured with third degree burns on his hands and his entire head.

Womach died in his sleep on December 28, 2014 in his birthplace Spokane, Washington.

References

Category:1927 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Singers from Washington
Category:People from Spokane, Washington

Merrill Womach


A planetary nebula is a nebula that is made up of gas and plasma. They are made by certain types of stars later in their life. They look like planets through small optical telescopes. They do not last for long compared to a star, only tens of thousands of years.

At the end of a normal-sized star's life, in the red giant phase, the outside layers of a star are ejected. Because the outside is gone, the star shines brightly and is very hot. The ultraviolet radiation given off by the center of the star ionizes the gas and plasma that was thrown out from the star. This is what causes a planetary nebula to look like it does.

While some planetary nebulae look similar, others have very distinct and unique shapes. Scientists are not sure why planetary nebulae can look so different from one another. Scientists think that binary stars, stellar winds and magnetic fields might be some of the reasons planetary nebulae can look so varied. In the early 21st century some astronomers began calling them “globular nebulas” to avoid confusing them with the Protoplanetary nebulas that make planets.

Observations

Planetary nebula are not very bright. None of them are bright enough to see without a telescope. The first one discovered was the Dumbbell nebula.
Astronomers did not know what these objects were until the first spectroscopic experiments were done in the 1800's. William Huggins used a prism to look at galaxies. He noticed that they looked a lot like stars.

When he looked at the Cat's Eye nebula, it did not look the same. He saw an emission line at a place that no one had seen before. This meant that it looked like an element that no one had ever seen before. Scientists thought it might be a new element. They decided to call it nebulium.

Later, physicists showed that it is possible for gasses with a very low density to look like something else. It turned out that the gas they were looking at was oxygen, and not nebulium.

The stars in planetary nebulae are very hot. They are not very bright, though. This means that they must be very small. The only time that stars get that small is when they are dying. That means that they are one of the last steps in a star's death. Astronomers saw that all planetary nebula are expanding. This meant that they were caused by a star's outer layers being thrown into space at the end of its life.

Origins
Stars weighing more than eight solar masses will become supernovae. Stars of lesser mass will form planetary nebulae. After billions of years of stellar evolution a star will have no more hydrogen. This makes the surface of the star colder, and makes the core smaller. The sun's core is about 15 million degrees Kelvin. When it runs out of hydrogen, the smaller core will cause it to rise to about 100 million degrees Kelvin.

The outer layers of the star become much bigger because of the heat of the core, and become much cooler. The star becomes a red giant. The core gets even smaller and hotter. When its reaches 100 million K, helium begins to fuse into carbon and oxygen. When this happens, the core stops shrinking. Helium burning soon forms a core of carbon and oxygen, with both a helium and a hydrogen shell surrounding it.

Because helium in fusion reactions is not very stable, the core starts to grow and shrink very quickly. Strong stellar winds blow the gas and plasma in the outer layer of the star outwards. These gases form a cloud around the core of the star. As more and more of the gas moves away from the star, deeper and deeper layers at higher and higher temperatures are sent out. When the gas heats up to around 30,000 degrees kelvin, the gas starts to glow. The cloud has then become a planetary nebula.

Numbers and position
We know of about 3,000 of these nebulae in our galaxy, compared to 200 billion stars.<ref>Parker Q.A. et al. 2006. The Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg H-alpha Planetary Nebulae Catalogue: MASH, MNRAS 373, 79</ref> Their very short lifetime compared to a star is why there are not that many compared to stars. They are found mostly in the plane of the Milky Way, and there are more and more the closer you get to the center of the Milky Way.

Shape
Only about twenty percent of planetary nebulae are spheres (like Abell 39). The rest of them have various shapes. The reason for these shapes is not understood. It may be because of the gravitational pull of secondary stars (for example, if it is a binary star system). A second theory is that planets near the star might change how the nebula forms. A third theory is that magnetic fields cause the shapes. .

Problems
A problem in studying planetary nebulae is that astronomers can not always work out how far away they are. When they are close, astronomers use something called expansion parallax'' to  estimate how far away they are, but this takes a long time. If they are not close, there is not yet a good way to find how distant they are.

Related pages
 Interstellar medium
 Nebula
 Stellar evolution
 White dwarf

References

Other websites
 Entry in the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight
 Press release on recent observations of the Cat's Eye nebula
 Planetary Nebulae, SEDS Messier Pages
 The first detection of magnetic fields in the central stars of four planetary nebulae
 WWW search for Galactic planetary nebulae
 Planetary nebulae - Information and amateur observations
 Planetary nebula on arxiv.org

Category:Nebulae

Planetary nebula


"This is How We Do" is a dance-pop song from American singer and songwriter Katy Perry. It comes off her fourth studio album Prism (2013). The song was released on August 11, 2014. It was the fifth and final single from the album. The remix has the rapper Riff Raff rapping on it.  She wrote the song with longtime collaborators Max Martin and Klas Åhlund, who produced it.

Commercially, the song hit the top ten in Canada and Israel. It also hit the top 30 in the United States, Sweden, Venezuela, Finland and Scotland. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over one million copies in the US alone.

The song is about Perry's hangout routine with her friends. The video has Perry getting her nails painted and doing karaoke with her friends. Perry was accused of cultural appropriation for wearing black cornrows. The video has received over 600 million views on YouTube as of March 2018.

References

Category:Katy Perry songs
Category:Pop songs
Category:2014 songs

This Is How We Do


Louise Brooks (Cherryvale, Kansas, 14 November 1906 – Rochester, New York, 8 August 1985) was an American dancer and actress. She became a leading film star, and a style icon famous for her beauty and her bobbed hair style.

In 2006, the centenary of Brooks' birth was celebrated by the release of three DVDs and three books, museum exhibits, screenings, and other events.

Filmography
Brooks' signature film role was as Lulu in G.W. Pabst's Pandora's Box (Die Büchse der Pandora) in 1929. Brooks' portrayal was of a young woman whose raw sexuality and uninhibited nature brings ruin to herself and those who love her. It made the actress a star.

 The Street of Forgotten Men (1925)
 The American Venus (1926)
 A Social Celebrity (1926)
 It's the Old Army Game (1926)
 The Show Off (1926)
 Love 'Em and Leave 'Em (1926)
 Just Another Blonde (1926)
 Evening Clothes (1927)
 Rolled Stockings (1927)
 Now We're in the Air (1927)
 The City Gone Wild (1927)
 A Girl in Every Port (1928)
 Beggars of Life (1928)
 The Canary Murder Case (1929)
 Pandora's Box (1929)
 Diary of a Lost Girl (1929)
 Prix de Beaute (1930)
 Windy Riley Goes Hollywood (1931) (short subject)
 It Pays to Advertise (1931)
 God's Gift to Women (1931)
 Empty Saddles (1936)
 When You're in Love (1937)
 King of Gamblers (1937) (scenes deleted)
 Overland Stage Raiders (1938)
 Film Firsts: Louise Brooks (1960) (television)
 Lulu in Berlin (1984) (documentary)
 Louise Brooks: Looking for Lulu (1998) (documentary)
 Mysteries and Scandals: Louise Brooks (1999) (television)

Further reading

 Louise Brooks, Fundamentals of Good Ballroom Dancing, United States: self-published, 1940
 Pandora's Box (Lulu), United States: Simon & Schuster, 1971
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait d'une Anti-Star, France: Editions Phebus, 1977
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood, United States: Knopf, 1982
 Vincenzo Mollica, Louise Brooks: Una Fiaba Nocturne, Italy: Editori del Grifo, 1984
 Homenagem a Louise Brooks, Portugal: Cinemateca Portuguesa, 1986
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait of an Anti-Star, United States: New York Zoetrope, 1986
 Barry Paris, Louise Brooks, United States: Knopf, 1989
 Omaggio a Louise Brooks e Maya Deren, Italy: Cineteca D. W. Griffith, 1996
 Louise Brooks: L'europeenne, France: Transeuropa, 1999
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood: Expanded Edition, United States: University of Minnesota Press, 2000
 Peter Cowie, Louise Brooks: Lulu Forever, United States: Rizzoli, 2006

Quotations

 There is no Garbo! There is no Dietrich! There is only Louise Brooks! – Henri Langlois,  1955.
 I have a gift for enraging people, but if I ever bore you it will be with a knife. – Louise Brooks, from her autobiography, 'Lulu in Hollywood'.

Other websites
 Louise Brooks Society
 Louise Brooks, silent star

 All Movie Guide
 Louise Brooks Studies

Category:1906 births
Category:1985 deaths
Category:Actors from Kansas
Category:American autobiographers
Category:American silent movie actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction

Louise Brooks


The Chicago Outfit (also known as the Outfit, the Chicago Mafia, the Chicago Mob, or The Organization) is an Italian-American organized crime syndicate based in Chicago, Illinois, which dates back to the 1910s. It is part of the American Mafia originating in Chicago's South Side.

The Outfit rose to power in the 1920s, under the control of Johnny Torrio and Al Capone and the period was marked by bloody gang wars for distribution of illegal alcohol during Prohibition.

The Outfit did not have a monopoly on organized crime in Chicago, but they were by far the most powerful, violent and largest criminal organization in the Midwest. The Outfit's influence, at its peak, stretched as far away as California and Florida. Higher law enforcement attention and general attrition led to the Outfit's gradual decline since the late 20th century.

From 1997 until his death in May 2018, the Chicago Outfit was believed to be led by John DiFronzo.

References

Category:Criminals from Chicago
Category:20th century in Chicago

Chicago Outfit


The Worcester Sharks are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2006. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the San Jose Sharks of the NHL. They play their home games in Worcester, Massachusetts at the DCU Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Stockton Thunder.

Other websites
Worcester Sharks' Official Site

Category:American Hockey League teams
Category:Ice hockey teams in the United States
Category:San Jose Sharks
Category:Worcester, Massachusetts
Category:2006 establishments in the United States
Category:2000s establishments in Massachusetts

Worcester Sharks


Public holidays in Thailand are controlled by the government. Most holidays are observed by both the public and private sectors.

Public holidays

Parts of the private sector may not observe these days as holidays.
Months in which the dates usually fall.

National observances
These observances are controlled by the government, but are not observed as holidays.

Other observances

Months in which the dates usually fall.

References

Other websites
 Thai Calendar; for children.
 Thailand Holidays 2010, Thailand Holidays 2011
Public Holidays and Bar Closures in Thailand;

Category:Lists
Category:Holidays
Category:Thai culture

Public holidays in Thailand


Events

Up to 1900
 1147 - Portuguese forces under Afonso I of Portugal, and crusaders from England and Flanders, conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
 1154 - Henry II of England becomes King.
 1415 - The army of Henry V of England defeats a French army at the Battle of Agincourt.
 1616 – Dirk Hartog makes the second-recorded European landing in Australia, on Dirk Hartog Island, off the west coast.
 1671 - Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Iapetus.
 1722 - King Louis XV of France, aged 12, is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
 1747 - A British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats  the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
 1760 - George III of the United Kingdom becomes King, after the death of his grandfather, King George II of Great Britain.
 1788 – The HMAV Bounty reaches Tahiti.
 1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
 1822 - Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
 1828 - The St. Catherine Docks open in London.
 1854 - Crimean War: Battle of Balaklava, including the British Charge of the Light Brigade.
 1861 - The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
 1900 - The United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.

1901  2000
 1917 - Julian calendar date of Russia's October Revolution. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7.
 1918 - Canadian steamship Princess Sophia hits a reef off Alaska and sinks, killing all 356 people on board.
 1927 - Italian luxury steamship Principessa Mafalda hits a rock off Porto Seguro, Brazil, and sinks, killing 312 people.
 1929 - Wall Street Crash: The severe losses of the previous day continue.
 1940 - Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general of the United States Army.
 1941 - World War II: The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Nazi-Hungarian control.
 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf occurs in the Philippines.
 1945 – The Republic of China takes over Taiwan.
 1955 - In Japan, 12-year-old Sadako Sasaki dies, as a result of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima 10 years earlier. Her origami cranes, folded after she became unwell, have become symbols of peace and opposition to nuclear weapons.
 1962 - Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
 1962 – Uganda joins the UN.
 1971 – At the UN, the People's Republic of China joins, as the Republic of China is expelled.
 1979 - Catalonia and the Basque Country gain some autonomy (self-rule) within Spain.
 1979 – The last new episode of Fawlty Towers airs.
 1983 – The US and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after its Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is killed in a coup.
 1990 - Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
 1991 - Four months after the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
 1995 - A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing 7 students.
 1995 - Latvia applies to join the EU.
 1997 - Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.

From 2001
 2001 - Microsoft releases Windows XP.
 2004 - In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces that transactions in the country that involve the United States Dollar will be banned.
 2007 - Singapore Airlines carry out the first passenger flight of an Airbus A380.
 2009 - Bombings in Baghdad kill 155 people.
 2010 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra causes tsunamis, which kill over 400 people, and leave many more missing.
 2019 - The European Union agrees to extend the United Kingdom's Brexit deadline beyond October 31.
 2019 - A beetle species discovered in 1965 is named after climate change activist Greta Thunberg, being given the name Nelloptodes gretae.

Births

Up to 1900
 1330 - Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
 1510 - Renée of France (d. 1574)
 1576 - Thomas Weelkes, English composer (d. 1623)
 1683 - Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
 1692 – Elizabeth Farnese, wife of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
 1714 - James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish scholar, philosopher and deist (d. 1799)
 1754 - Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
 1759 - Maria Feodorovna, Russian Empress (d. 1828)
 1759 - William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
 1782 - Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
 1789 - Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer and botanist (d. 1875)
 1790 - Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor, creator of the Stirling engine (d. 1878)
 1800 - Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian and politician (d. 1859)
 1802 - Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
 1806 - Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
 1811 – Evariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
 1821 - Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian writer (d. 1891)
 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
 1827 - Marcelin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
 1828 - Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian political figure (d. 1911)
 1835 - William McTaggart, Scottish painter (d. 1910)
 1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
 1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
 1864 - John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
 1867 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d.1937)
 1868 - Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
 1868 - Oskar Kallas, Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist (d. 1946)
 1877 - Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
 1879 - Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1924)
 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
 1889 – Abel Gance, movie writer (d. 1981)
 1889 - Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (d. 1985)
 1891 - Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
 1892 – Leo G. Carroll, actor (d. 1972)
 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
 1900 - Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)

1901  1925
 1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz musician (d. 1933)
 1902 - Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1955)
 1902 - Alfred E. Driscoll, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1975)
 1903 - Katharine Byron, United States Congresswoman (d. 1976)
 1905 - Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
 1912 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
 1913 – Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
 1914 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
 1918 - Chubby Jackson, American jazz musician and bandleader (d. 2003)
 1919 - Norman E. Erbe, Governor of Iowa (d. 2000)
 1919 - Beate Uhser-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
 1921 - Michael I, former King of Romania (d. 2017)
 1923 - Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
 1923 - Bobby Thomson, Scottish-born American baseball player (d. 2010)
 1923 - Achille Silvestrini, Italian cardinal (d. 2019)
 1924 – Bill Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
 1924 - Earl Palmer, American musician (d. 2008)
 1925 - John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2019)

1926  1950
 1926 - Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
 1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano (d. 2012)
 1927 - Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, former President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
 1927 - Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
 1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
 1928 - Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (d. 2016)
 1928 - Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
 1928 - Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
 1929 - Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
 1931 - Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
 1932 - Jerzy Pawlowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
 1933 – Jack Haley Jr., movie producer and director (d. 2001)
 1935 – Rusty Schweickart, American astronaut
 1936 - Martin Gilbert, British historian (d. 2015)
 1936 - Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
 1937 - Roberto Menescal, Brazilian musician
 1938 - Basile Georges Casmoussa, Iraqi archbishop
 1938 - Vija Celmins, Latvian-American artist
 1939 - Robert Cogoi, Belgian singer
 1939 - Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek movie director and writer (d. 2007)
 1939 - Dave Simmonds, English motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
 1940 – Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
 1941 – Anne Tyler, novelist
 1942 – Helen Reddy, Australian singer
 1944 – Jon Anderson, singer (Yes)
 1944 – James Carville, political operative
 1944 - Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
 1944 - Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician
 1945 - Yuriy Mechkov, Russian politician (d. 2019)
 1947 – Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
 1948 – Dan Gable, wrestler and coach
 1949 – Brian Kerwin, actor

1951  1975
 1951 – Richard Lloyd, musician
 1952 - Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician and academic
 1954 – Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
 1955 - Glynis Barber, English actress
 1955 - Robin Eubanks, American jazz musician
 1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist
 1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
 1957 - Bernard Hogan-Howe, English police officer
 1958 - Kornelia Ender, German swimmer
 1958 – Phil Daniels, British actor
 1959 - Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
 1961 - Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chilli Peppers)
 1961 - Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
 1962 - Nick Hancock, British TV presenter
 1962 – Darlene Vogel, American actress
 1963 - John Levén, Swedish bassist (Europe)
 1963 – Tracy Nelson, actress
 1964 – Nicole, German singer
 1966 - Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
 1969 – Oleg Salenko, Ukrainian-Russian footballer
 1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian guitarist and singer (Barenaked Ladies)
 1970 - Adam Goldberg, American actor
 1970 - Adam Pascal, American actor
 1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
 1971 – Midori, Japanese violinist
 1972 - Esther Duflo, French-American economist
 1972 - Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
 1973 - Bettina Wulff, former First Lady of Germany
 1975 - Zadie Smith, British novelist

From 1976
 1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
 1977 - Anita Rani, English television presenter
 1978 - An Jong-hak, Japanese-born North Korean footballer
 1978 - Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
 1979 - Ivana Sert, Serbian-Turkish television personality, model and fashion designer
 1979 - Rob Hulse, English footballer
 1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
 1981 - Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
 1982 - Victoria Francés, Spanish artist
 1984 – Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
 1984 - Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
 1984 – Katy Perry, American singer
 1985 – Ciara Harris, American singer
 1985 - Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
 1986 - DJ Webstar, American DJ and producer
 1987 - Bill Amis, American basketball player
 1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
 1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
 1988 - Rylan Clark-Neal, English television personality
 1995 - Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
 1997 - Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
 1997 - Michael Rice, English singer
 2001 - Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, next in-line to the throne of Belgium
 2006 – Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

Deaths

Up to 1900
 304 - Pope Marcellinus
 625 - Pope Boniface V
 1047 – King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
 1154 - King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
 1200 - Conrad of Wittelsbach, German archbishop
 1400 - Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (b. 1340)
 1415 - Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
 1415 - Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
 1478 - Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
 1495 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
 1514 - William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop (b. 1431)
 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
 1733 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
 1760 – King George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
 1806 - Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
 1833 - Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
 1836 - Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader (b. 1800)
 1844 - Heinrich Cotta, German forester (b. 1763)
 1906 - Todor Burmov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1834)
 1920 – King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
 1921 - Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
 1926 - Charles Marion Russell, American artist and writer (b. 1864)
 1945 - Robert Ley, German Nazi official (b. 1890)
 1951 - Amélie of Orléans, last Queen of Portugal (b. 1865)
 1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese Hiroshima Atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
 1973 - Robert Scholl, German politician (b. 1891)
 1973 - Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
 1992 - Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
 1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
 1994 - Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
 1995 - Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
 1999 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)

From 2001
 2001 - Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Empress of Iran (b. 1932)
 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
 2002 - René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
 2003 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
 2003 - Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)
 2004 – John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
 2009 - Camillo Cibin, Italian papal bodyguard (b. 1926)
 2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
 2011 - Tom McNeeley, American boxer (b. 1937)
 2012 - John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
 2012 - Jacques Barzun, French-born American historian and philosopher (b. 1907)
 2013 - Arthur Danto, American philosopher and art critic (b. 1924)
 2013 - Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
 2013 - Hal Needham, American stuntman and director (b. 1931)
 2013 - Marcia Wallace, American actress (b. 1942)
 2014 - Marcia Strassman, American actress (b. 1948)
 2014 - Reyhaneh Jabbari, Iranian woman convicted of murder (b. 1988)
 2014 - Jack Bruce, Scottish musician (b. 1943)
 2014 - Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
 2015 - Flip Saunders, American basketball coach (b. 1955)
 2015 - Lisa Jardine, English historian (b. 1944)
 2016 - Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (b. 1944)
 2017 - Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali military officer (b. 1926)
 2017 - Jack Bannon, American actor (b. 1940)
 2017 - Ronald Breslow, American chemist (b. 1931)
 2017 - Ian Cathie, Australian politician (b. 1932)
 2017 - Lu Guanqiu, Chinese entrepreneur (b. 1945)
 2017 - Pinito del Oro, Spanish trapeze artist and novelist (b. 1930)
 2018 - Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player (b. 1980)
 2018 - Lindon Crow, American football player (b. 1933)
 2018 - Sonny Fortune, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1939)
 2018 - Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and author (b. 1923)
 2018 - Michael J. O'Connor, American politician (b. 1928)
 2018 - Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (b. 1929)
 2018 - John Ziegler Jr., American ice hockey player (b. 1934)
 2019 - Salvador Freixedo, Spanish ufologist and Jesuit priest (b. 1923)
 2019 - Carlo Strenger, Swiss-Italian psychologist and philosopher (b. 1958)
 2019 - Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (b. 1932)

Observances
 Constitution Day (Lithuania)
 Armed Forces Day (Romania)
 Day of the Basque Country
 Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
 Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)

Category:Days of the year

October 25


Domitian (Titus Flavius Domitianus, 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death in AD 96.

Domitian was the last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, This included the reigns of Domitian's father Vespasian (69–79), his elder brother Titus (79–81), and that of Domitian himself.

When Titus died (he was struck down by a fatal illness in 81), the next day Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. This started a reign which lasted fifteen years – longer than any man who ruled since Tiberius.

As emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage. He expanded the border defenses of the empire, and started a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome.

Significant wars were fought in Britain, where his general Agricola attempted to conquer Scotland, and in Dacia, where Domitian was unable to win a decisive victory against king Decebalus.

Domitian's rule was totalitarian. He saw himself as the new Augustus, as an enlightened despot destined to guide the Roman Empire into a new age. Religious, military, and cultural propaganda fostered a cult of personality. By nominating himself perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals. As a consequence, Domitian was popular with the people and army but considered a tyrant by members of the Roman Senate.

Domitian's reign came to an end in 96 when he was assassinated by court officials. The same day, he was succeeded by his advisor Nerva. After his death, Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Roman Senate, while senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger and Suetonius published histories showing Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant.

Modern history has rejected these views. Now we see Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat, whose cultural, economic and political program provided the foundation of the peaceful second century.

References

Category:51 births
Category:96 deaths
Category:Roman Emperors

Domitian


A.S. Livorno Calcio is a football club which plays in Italy.

Name
 1915-1991 US Livorno
 1991-present AS Livorno Calcio

Other websites

Category:Italian football clubs
Category:Livorno

A.S. Livorno Calcio


The Doggerbank is a large sandbank in the North Sea. It lies about  from the coast of England. It is about  long and  wide. On average, the North Sea is  deep. The average depth in the area of the Doggerbank is , at the shallowest place the water is only  deep. During the last ice age, it was sometimes an island and sometimes a land bridge connecting Britain and Europe.

Today, the Doggerbank is important for fishing, in particular for  cod and European plaice.

Category:Geography

Doggerbank


Pontruet is a commune. It is found in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Aisne

Pontruet


Onaway is a city in Idaho in the United States.

Category:Cities in Idaho

Onaway, Idaho


The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.

The Three Branches
The executive branch is mostly about the President and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is rights in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The judicial branch (or judiciary), made of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, focuses on the judicial power (or judiciary). The judiciary's main focus is to interpret the meaning of the United States Constitution and federal laws and rules. This includes solving problems between the executive and legislative branches. The federal government's layout is explained in the Constitution.

Political parties

Two political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. They have made a large difference in American politics since the American Civil War.

There are also smaller parties like the Libertarian Party, the Green Party, and the Constitution Party.  The Whig Party and the Democratic-Republican Party were important many years ago.

Political differences
There are major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed democracies. These include greater power in the upper house of the legislature, a wider scope of power held by the Supreme Court, the separation of powers between the legislature and the executive, and the dominance of only two main parties. Third parties have less political influence in the United States than in other developed country democracies.

The federal object created by the U.S. Constitution is the main feature of the American governmental system. However, most people are also subject to a state government, and all are subject to various units of local government. The latter include counties, municipalities, and special districts.

The federal government was created by the states, which as colonies were established separately and governed themselves independently of the others. Units of local government were created by the colonies to carry out various state functions. As the country expanded, it admitted new states modeled on the existing ones.

State leaders
The USA is a federal union of fifty states. They have governors and legislatures to govern and make their laws. Each state also has two senators who represent their state in the United States Senate. There are also representatives who represent their local district in the United States House of Representatives.

President of the United States

The President of the United States is the head of state of the United States. They are elected by the American citizens every four years in democratic elections. They also appoint people who will work in different departments that focuses on special areas for the country.

References

Other websites

 Official Democratic Party Web Site
 Official Republican Party Web Site
 Official Green Party Web Site
 Official Libertarian Party Web Site
 Official Constitution Party Web Site

Politics of the United States


Deaths
 Emperor Bidatsu of Japan

References

585


Dhe Wellington Monument is an obelisk in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. It is also called "Wellington Testimonial" because it was built while Wellington was still alive.

The monument is in the southeast of the Park. It is near Kilmainham and the River Liffey. The obelisk is  tall. It is the largest obelisk in Europe.

History

The monument was built to celebrate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He was born in Dublin.

It was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke. Building was started in 1817. In 1820 they ran out of money. It was not finished until 1861 when it was opened to the public. There were also plans for a statue of Wellesley on a horse  in front of it. This was never built.

Features of the Testimonial
There are four bronze plaques on the bottom part of the monument. Three have pictures about Wellington's career, the fourth has text. The pictures are 'Civil and Religious Liberty' by John Hogan, 'Waterloo' by Thomas Farrell and the 'Indian Wars' by Joseph Robinson Kirk. The text reads:

Asia and Europe, saved by thee, proclaim
Invincible in war thy deathless name,
Now round thy brow the civic oak we twine
That every earthly glory may be thine.

References

Category:Buildings and structures in Dublin
Category:Military monuments and memorials

Wellington Monument, Dublin


Koblach is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References

Category:Cities and towns in Vorarlberg

Koblach


Eivets Rednow is an instrumental and ninth album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on the Gordy Records label in 1968. The title is Stevie Wonder spelt backwards. The album was his first album released in 1967 as he would release another album called For Once in My Life later on that year.

Track listing
"Alfie" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:14
"More than a Dream" (Henry Cosby, Stevie Wonder) – 3:48
"A House Is Not a Home" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:32
"How Can You Believe" (Stevie Wonder) – 3:04
Medley: "Never My Love/Ask the Lonely" (Don Addrisi, Dick Addrisi/Ivy Jo Hunter, William "Mickey" Stevenson) – 2:30
"Ruby" (Mitchell Parish, Heinz Roemheld) – 6:48
"Which Way the Wind" (Stevie Wonder) – 2:47
"Bye Bye World" (Stevie Wonder) – 3:21
"Grazin' in the Grass" (Philemon Hou) – 2:57

References

Category:1968 albums
Category:R&B albums
Category:Soul albums
Category:Jazz albums

Eivets Rednow


Porvoo () is a town in Uusimaa, Finland. It has a lot of old buildings. Neighbouring municipalities are Askola, Loviisa, Myrskylä, Pornainen and Sipoo.

Population growth

References

Other websites
 Homepage

Category:Towns in Finland

Porvoo


Tukwila ( ) is a suburban city in King County, Washington, United States. It borders Seattle at its northern edge. The population was 19,107 at the 2010 census.

References

Category:Cities in Washington (U.S. state)

Tukwila, Washington


Roucamps is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Category:Communes in Calvados

Roucamps


Chicago is an American musical with music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and book by Ebb and Bob Fosse. It is set in Chicago in the jazz age. The satire play is about corruption in the criminal justice system in Chicago.

The original Broadway production opened in 1975 at the 46th Street Theatre and ran for 936 performances, until 1977.

The 1996 Broadway production holds the record as the longest-running musical revival and the longest-running American musical in Broadway history. It is the second longest-running show to ever run on Broadway, behind only The Phantom of the Opera.

The 2002 movie version of the musical won the Academy Award for Best Picture.

References

Category:Tony Award winning musicals
Category:History of Chicago

Chicago (musical)


STV is a television channel in Scotland. It is part of ITV.

Category:British television networks
Category:Media in Scotland

STV


Dario Dainelli (born 9 June 1979) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997/98||Empoli||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1998/99||Modena||Serie C1||0||0
|-
|1998/99||Cavese||Serie C2||10||0
|-
|1999/00||Fidelis Andria||Serie C1||28||1
|-
|2000/01||Lecce||Serie A||14||0
|-
|2001/02||Brescia||Serie A||5||0
|-
|2001/02||Hellas Verona||Serie A||13||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Brescia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||24||0
|-
|2003/04||31||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Fiorentina||rowspan="6"|Serie A||30||4
|-
|2005/06||27||1
|-
|2006/07||31||1
|-
|2007/08||21||0
|-
|2008/09||21||0
|-
|2009/10||11||0
|-
|2009/10||Genoa||Serie A||||
266||8
266||8
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian footballers

Dario Dainelli


Wolfgang Dremmler (born 12 July, 1954) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1973-74||rowspan="6"|Eintracht Braunschweig||Regionalliga||32||6
|-
|1974-75||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||10||0
|-
|1975-76||31||3
|-
|1976-77||32||1
|-
|1977-78||34||3
|-
|1978-79||31||2
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="7"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="7"|Bundesliga||26||0
|-
|1980-81||33||1
|-
|1981-82||31||2
|-
|1982-83||27||1
|-
|1983-84||22||1
|-
|1984-85||29||1
|-
|1985-86||4||0
342||21
342||21
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1981||7||1
|-
|1982||13||1
|-
|1983||6||1
|-
|1984||1||0
|-
!Total||27||3
|}

References

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:German footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Lower Saxony

Wolfgang Dremmler


Kareby is a locality in Kungälv Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 292 people lived there.

References

Category:Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County

Kareby


Évry is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Yonne

Évry, Yonne


Union Station is a major railroad station that opened in 1925 in Chicago. It replaced an earlier station built in 1881.  It is now the only intercity rail terminal in Chicago, as well as being the city's primary terminal for commuter trains.

The station stands on the west side of the Chicago River between West Adams Street and West Jackson Boulevard, just outside the Chicago Loop. Including approach and storage tracks, it is about nine and a half city blocks in size. Its facilities are mostly underground, buried beneath streets and skyscrapers. It is located near the Willis Tower.

Other websites

Category:Railway stations in the United States
Category:Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Category:1925 establishments in Illinois

Chicago Union Station


La Louvière is a municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

In 2012, 78895 people lived there.

It is at 50° 28 North, 04° 11 East.

References

Category:Municipalities of Hainaut

La Louvière


Karbala (Arabic:كربلاء; Transliterated:Al Karbala; also known as Karbala al-Muqaddasah, in the West, sometimes spelled Kerbela) is a city in Iraq. It is about 100 km southwest of Baghdad. It is the capital of Karbala Province. For Shi'a Muslims the city is one of the holiest cities, after Mekka,Medina, Jerusalem, and An Najaf.

Category:Cities in Iraq

Karbala


Monstera is a genus of flowering plants. There are about 60 species in the genus. The genus belongs to the family Araceae. Originally, the plants occur in the tropical regions of Central and South America.

The plants are herbs or evergreen vines. They climb other trees. They can grow to a height of about 20m. The plants also have aerial roots. These can act as hooks on branches of the tree that the plant is climbing. They grow down into the ground to support the plant. The leaves are leather, dark green, and often have holes in them. The flowers grow on a special inflorescence called a spadix.   Some species have edible fruit.

Many people grow some of these species (esp. Monstera deliciosa) indoors as a houseplant. Monstera deliciosa is sometimes also grown for its fruit, which tastes somewhere between a banana and a pineapple.

In some parts of the world (other than Tropical America), some plants started to grow in the wild. This is the case for example in Portugal, on Madeira, Morocco, some parts of India and Malaysia as well as in Florida.

Other websites

 Entry at GRIN Taxonomy for Plants
Classification from the International Association for Plant Taxonomy

Category:Vines
Category:Araceae
Category:Epiphytes

Monstera


Region is a geographic term used in many ways in the different types of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water. It is smaller than the whole area of something (which could be, for example, the world, a nation, a mountain range, and so on). It is larger than a specific location. A region can be seen as a collection of smaller things (as in "the New England states") or as one part of a larger whole (as in "the New England region of the United States"). In some countries a region is a unit of local government.

Region


The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is a professional honorary group meant for the advancement of the arts and sciences of motion pictures.

The Academy has over 6,000 motion picture professionals as members. While the most of its members are in the United States, membership is open to filmmakers around the world. As of 2004, the Academy had members from 36 countries.

The Academy is known around the world for its yearly Academy Awards, known to most people as the "Oscars." Also, the Academy gives Student Academy Awards to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level each year; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting each year; and runs the Margaret Herrick Library in Beverly Hills, California and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California, which will grow to include Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, to open as a tourist site in 2017.

The president of the Academy has been Cheryl Boone Issacs since 2013.

References

Category:Movie organizations
Category:1927 establishments in the United States


Buskhyttan is a locality in Nyköping Municipality in Södermanland County in Sweden. In 2010, 225 people lived there.

References

Category:Settlements in Sodermanland County

Buskhyttan


The Moghols are a Mongolic ethnic group, descendants of the Mongol Empire's soldiers in Afghanistan. They live in the Herat province of Afghanistan. and they speak the Moghol language of the Mongolic languages.

Related pages
 Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
 Moghol language

Category:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Category:Mongol peoples

Moghol people


William A. Shine Great Neck South High School, also called Great Neck South, is a high school in New York. It is known for its high academic achievement. The school is located in Lake Success. However it is officially listed in Great Neck. It is part of the Great Neck Union Free School District. It teaches students from grade 9 to grade 12.

References

Other websites
 Official site

Category:Schools in New York


Saluda County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 19,875 people lived there. Its county seat is Saluda.

References

Category:19th-century establishments in South Carolina
Category:1896 establishments in the United States
Category:South Carolina counties

Saluda County, South Carolina


Water buffaloes have a kind of bovine. There are Wild Asian Water Buffaloes and domestic buffaloes or domestic Asian water buffalo. They are bred in Asia, South America and in Southern Europe. They were bred from the Wild Asian Water Buffalo, which is now an endangered species.

Today, these buffaloes are used for their milk, which has more fat than that of cows. The milk is processed to make Mozzarella, and curd. Feral populations are sometimes used to manage uncontrolled growth of vegetation around wetlands. They will simply graze it off. This keeps such bodies of water usable by birds and other wildlife.

Females normally give birth to calves every other year. Young bulls  usually stay with herds of mothers, which have about 30 buffalo, for three years after birth. They then go on to form small all-male herds.

Water buffalo have been kept by humans for more than 5,000 years. They have helped humans with their meat, horns, hides, milk, butterfat, and power, plowing and transporting people and crops.

Wild water buffalo are endangered. They live only in a small number of protected areas in countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Thailand.

References

Category:Bovines

Water buffalo


Acastus (; Ancient Greek: Ἄκαστος) is a character in Greek mythology.  He sailed with Jason and the Argonauts, and participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar.

Family
Acastus was the son of Pelias, then king of Iolcus, and Anaxibia (Philomache in some traditions). Acastus with his wife Astydameia (also called Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) had two daughters: Sterope (Στερόπη) and Laodamia, and a number of sons. Another daughter, Sthenele (Σθενέλη), was given by the Bibliotheca as the wife of Menoetius and mother of Patroclus.

Mythology
After the return of the Argonauts, Acastus's sisters were manipulated by Medea to cut their father Pelias in pieces and boil them. Acastus, when he heard this, buried his father, and drove Jason and Medea from Iolcus (and, according to Pausanias, his sisters also), and instituted funeral games in honor of his father.  He thereafter became king of Iolcus.

Acastus purified Peleus of the murder of King Eurytion of Phthia. Acastus's wife (variously named in mythology; often Astydamia, but sometimes Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) fell in love with Peleus but he scorned her. Bitter, she sent a messenger to Antigone, Peleus's wife and daughter of Eurytion, to tell her that Peleus was to marry Acastus's daughter, Sterope.

Astydamia then told Acastus that Peleus had tried to rape her. Acastus took Peleus on a hunting trip and hid his sword while he slept, then abandoned him on Mt. Pelion to be killed by centaurs.  The wise centaur Chiron (or the god Hermes) returned Peleus' sword and Peleus managed to escape. With Jason and the Dioscuri, Peleus sacked Iolcus, dismembered Astydamia (and, in some accounts, Acastus himself), and marched his army between the pieces. Their kingdom later fell to Jason's son Thessalus.

References

Category:People in Greek mythology

Acastus


Yıldırım Akbulut (; born 15 November 1935 in Erzincan) is a Turkish politician. He was a leader of the Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party). He is a former Prime Minister of Turkey and twice the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

On May 20, 1999, Yıldırım Akbulut was elected for the second time Speaker of the Grand National Assembly that lasted until September 30, 2000.

Other websites
 Akbulut, Yildirim International Who's Who. accessed September 1, 2006.

Category:1935 births
Category:Living people
Category:Prime Ministers of Turkey

Yıldırım Akbulut


Meng Tian (; ? - 210 BC ) was a Chinese general of the Qin Dynasty under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. His grandfather, Meng Ao, and his father, Meng Wu, were generals as well. After the unification of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered Meng Tian leading 300,000 armies to attack the Xiongnu and build the Great Wall of China. Meng Tian was forced by the eunuch, Zhao Gao, to kill himself by drinking poisonous wine after the death of Emperor Qin Shi Haung.

Category:210 BC deaths
Category:Chinese generals

Meng Tian


This list of tallest buildings in Thailand ranks skyscrapers in Thailand by height.

A Currently topped out; expected completion in 2009.

Under Construction
This lists buildings that are under construction in Thailand

Other websites
 Skyscraper.com Thailand diagram

Thailand
Category:Buildings and structures in Thailand
Category:Asia-related lists

List of tallest buildings in Thailand


"Living with You" is a song by Welsh musician and composer John Cale. It was on his album Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood.

On 25 February 2013, it was released as digital single. On B-side was also the "Organic Mix" and new remix by Laurel Halo.

Original version of this song features together with Cale (vocals, keyboards, electric viola, electric guitar, percussion) also Dustin Boyer (acoustic guitar) and Michael Jerome Moore (drums, cajón).

References

Category:2012 songs
Category:Rock songs

Living with You


Ascoli Calcio 1898 is a football club which plays in Italy.

Name
1898-1905 Candido Augusto Vecchi
1905-1921 Ascoli Vigor
1921-1945 US Ascolana
1945-1955 AS Ascoli
1955-1971 Del Duca Ascoli
1971-present Ascoli Calcio 1898

Category:Italian football clubs
Category:1898 establishments in Italy

Ascoli Calcio 1898


Yüksekova (, Syriac: Gawar), is a city and a district of Hakkari Province of Turkey. It is on the border with Iran. In February of 2020 it was buried under 6 meters of snow.

References

Category:Cities in Turkey
Category:2020 in Europe
Category:2020 in Asia

Yüksekova


Marc Houalla, born the 10th of February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison, is a French aerospace engineer.
From the 28th of November 2008 to October 2017, he is the head of the French Civil Aviation University.

Graduate from the ENAC (IÉNAC L82) and having a MBA from HEC Paris (1990), he has done different jobs in air transport such as director of SEFA before being joining the French Civil Aviation University.

From November 2017 to February 2018, Marc Houalla is head of the Orly Airport and honorary President of ENAC Alumni. Since February, he is head of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since March 2018, he is also head of ENAC Alumni.

Award
 Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
Category:French aviators
Category:Heads of the French Civil Aviation University

Marc Houalla


Benken is a municipality of the district of Andelfingen in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

References

Category:Municipalities of Zürich

Benken, Zürich


Charmes is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Charmes, Allier


William Ronald "Bill" Plager (July 6, 1945 – January 3, 2016) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He was born in Kirkland Lake, Ontario. Plager started his National Hockey League career with the Minnesota North Stars in 1967.  He also played for the St. Louis Blues and Atlanta Flames. He left the NHL after the 1976 season.

Plager died on January 3, 2016 in Peterborough, Ontario, aged 70.

References

Other websites

Category:1945 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Atlanta Flames players
Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario
Category:Minnesota North Stars players
Category:St. Louis Blues players

Bill Plager


Laurie Halse Anderson is an American author who has written many books. She writes fiction on many different subjects. She was born on October 23, 1961, in New York. As a young child, Anderson loved to listen to her father tell stories and poems. In 1983, Anderson married Gregory H. Anderson, a business executive. One year later in 1984, she earned her bachelor's degree from Georgetown university in Washington D.C. Anderson has published many books for young adults and children. She has written in many different genres as well. Some of Anderson’s most well known books include Speak, Fever 1793, and Catalyst. People appreciate her ability to capture the voices and attitudes of teenagers as they face personal problems in her books. In 2009, Anderson received the Margaret A. Edwards award for her contributions to young adult literature.

References

Category:Writers from New York

Laurie Halse Anderson


Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician. He was the President of Peru from 1985 to 1990 and again from 2006 to 2011. He was the leader of the Peruvian Aprista Party.

His first term, the country went through a severe economic crisis, social unrest and violence. He ran unsuccessfully for the Presidency in 2001, losing in a run-off to Alejandro Toledo. He ran again in 2006 and was elected to a second term, even though his first term in the 1980s was thought to be the worst in the country's history.

During García's second term, Peru had increased environmental damage, according to critics, and increased social conflict, according to the national human rights ombudsman's office.

On the morning of 17 April 2019, García shot himself in the neck when police officials were planning to arrest him linked to a corruption scandal. He was hospitalized under critical condition and had emergency surgery where García had three cardiac arrests. He died hours later at a Lima hospital.

References

Category:1949 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:People from Lima
Category:Presidents of Peru
Category:Suicides by firearm

Alan García


Kenneth Harry Olsen (February 20, 1926 —  February 6, 2011) was an American engineer and entrepreneur. He started Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1957 with  Harlan Anderson.

Background
Olsen was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He grew up in nearby Stratford, Connecticut. His father's parents came from Norway and his mother's parents came from Sweden. Olsen began his career working summers in a machine shop. Olsen fixed radios in his basement as a child.

He served in the United States Navy between 1944 and 1946. Then Olsen studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He earned a Bachelor of Science in 1950 and a Master of Science degree in 1952. Both degrees were in electrical engineering.

Career

While he was studying at MIT, the Office of Naval Research of the United States Department of the Navy asked Olsen to help build a computerized flight simulator. Also while at MIT, Olsen directed a project to make the first transistorized research computer. Olsen also worked as an engineer at MIT Lincoln Laboratory on the TX-2 project.

In 1957, Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson, decided to start their own company. Harlan was also at MIT. They asked American Research and Development Corporation (ARDC) for money. ARDC was an early venture capital company started by Georges Doriot. In the 1960s, Olsen received patents for a saturable switch, a diode transformer gate circuit, an improved version of magnetic core memory, and the line printer buffer. Their company's headquarters was in an old wool mill in Maynard, Massachusetts. In 1992, the company had their best sales of $14,000,000,000. DEC was sold to Compaq for $9,600,000,000 in 1999. It later became a part of Hewlett-Packard.

Ken Olsen was known throughout his career for his fatherly management style and for supporting new ideas in engineering. He thought new ideas and technical excellence were very important. He used engineering matrix management. This management approach is used throughout many industries today.

He was awarded the Vermilye Medal in 1980.

In 1986, Fortune Magazine named Olsen "America's most successful entrepreneur", and the same year he received the IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award.

Later career history
In 1987 he gave the first of his "snake oil speeches". Some people thought he was talking about the "Unix Conspiracy". Olsen believed VMS was a better operating system for DEC customers than UNIX. He said why VMS was good. Yet, he did approve and encourage a plan inside DEC to make a UNIX for VAX computers based on BSD. This version of UNIX was called Ultrix. However, Ultrix never got good support from within DEC.

Olsen retired from DEC in 1992. He then became the chairman of Advanced Modular Solutions. Olsen was also a major contributor to The Family, a religious and political organization. Olsen also was a trustee of Gordon College in Wenham, Massachusetts. The college named a science center after him.

Death
Olsen died while in hospice care in Indianapolis, Indiana on February 6, 2011, aged 84. The cause of death was not announced. His family also did not speak publicly about how he died.

Quotations
Two things Olsen said are often repeated but without information to help people understand what he really meant.
 There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.  (1977) This was about having a computer run the house including opening and closing doors and turning water on and off automatically  He had a computer in his home for general use and wanted people to use home computers.
 People will get tired of managing personal computers and will want instead terminals, maybe with windows.  (1992) This predicted thin clients and the client-server model of the Internet. When Olsen said "windows" he was not talking about Microsoft Windows, but about showing more than one program on a screen at the same time.

Further reading
 Earls, Alan R. Digital Equipment Corporation. Arcadia Publishing, 2004.
 Rifkin, Glenn and George Harrar. The Ultimate Entrepreneur: The Story of Ken Olsen and Digital Equipment Corporation. 1988.
 Schein, Edgar H. DEC Is Dead, Long Live DEC: The Lasting Legacy of Digital Equipment Corporation Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2004.

References

Other websites

 1988 Transcript of an Oral History Interview with Ken Olsen
 Ken Olsen, co-founder of DEC, dies at 84, Mass High Tech
 DEC co-founder Kenneth Olsen mourned by computer industry Network World

Category:1926 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:Business people from Connecticut
Category:American engineers
Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Category:People from Bridgeport, Connecticut

Ken Olsen


Ted Hughes OM, (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and writer of children's stories. He was born in Mytholmroyd, West Riding of Yorkshire. He was married to the American poet Sylvia Plath from 1956 until her suicide in 1963. From 1984 until his death, he was the British Poet Laureate. He died of colorectal cancer in London, aged 68.

Other websites
 Hughes at poets.org

Category:1930 births
Category:1998 deaths
Category:British poets laureate
Category:Cancer deaths in England
Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer
Category:English poets
Category:Order of Merit
Category:People from West Yorkshire
Category:Writers from Yorkshire

Ted Hughes


Salty liquorice, or Salmiak, is a salt candy that is eaten in Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands.  The candy comes in different strengths; in the Netherlands, it comes as Zout (Salted), Dubbel zout (Double Salt or DZ) and Drievoudig zout (Triple salt, or 3Z).  The substance used to give salt liquorice its characteristic taste is not regular table salt, Sodium Chloride (Na2Cl), but Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl). The Dutch name for this type of Liquorice, Salmiak, comes from the words "Sal Ammoniac", another name for Ammonium Chloride.

Category:Candy

Salty liquorice


Roquefort is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.

Related pages
Communes of the Lot-et-Garonne department

Other websites

Category:Communes in Lot-et-Garonne

Roquefort, Lot-et-Garonne


Events

Up to 1900
 758 - Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
 1226 - Tran Thu Do, head of the Tran clan of Vietnam, forces Ly Hue Tong, the last emperor of the Ly Dynasty, to commit suicide.
 1270 - The Eighth Crusade and Siege of Tunis end by an agreement between Charles I of Sicily and the Sultan of Tunis.
 1340 - Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Marinid invasion in the Battle of Rio Soldado.
 1470 – Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle.
 1485 – Henry VII of England is crowned King.
 1534 - The English Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII of England head of the English Church, a title previously held by the Pope.
 1657 - Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios during the Anglo-Spanish War.
 1813 - French troops surrender at Pamplona, ending Spain's War of Independence.
 1817 - The independent government of Venezuela is formed by Simon Bolivar.
 1831 - Nat Turner, who led the Slave Rebellion, is detained.
 1863 - Danish Prince Wilhelm arrives in Athens to become King George I of Greece.
 1864 - The Second War of Schleswig ends: Denmark surrenders its claim to Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, which come under Prussian and Austrian control.
 1864 – Helena, Montana is founded after four prospectors discover gold at "Last Chance Gulch."
 1880 - Tegucigalpa becomes the capital city of Honduras.

1901  2000
 1905 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia grants Russia's first constitution, creating a legislative assembly.
 1918 – The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East.
 1920 - The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney.
 1921 - The Argentina national football team wins the Campeonato Sudamericana for the first time. The competition later becomes the Copa America.
 1922 - Victor Emmanuel III of Italy names Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister.
 1925 - John Logie Baird creates the United Kingdom's first television transmitter.
 1929 - The Stuttgart cable car is built in Stuttgart, Germany.
 1938 – Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing a nationwide panic.
 1941 – World War II: Franklin Delano Roosevelt approves US$1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union.
 1944 – Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
 1945 - Baseball player Jackie Robinson of the Kansas City Monarchs signs a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers, leading to the breaking of the color barrier in the sport.
 1953 - George Marshall wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
 1960 - Michael Woodruff performs his first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
 1961 – The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba. It is the largest nuclear device ever detonated. Nikita Khrushchev says that the scientists had planned to make it larger, but had reduced the yield to prevent breaking all the windows in Moscow.
 1961 – Due to "violations of Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Joseph Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin wall with a plain granite marker instead.
 1965 – Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines stop an large attack of NLF forces, killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions was found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.
 1970 – In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in six years causes large floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.
 1972 - Two commuter trains collide in Chicago, Illinois, kills 45 people.
 1973 - The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul is completed.
 1974 – "The Rumble in the Jungle": Muhammad Ali knocks out George Foreman in Kinshasa, Zaire to regain the World Heavyweight Boxing championship.
 1975 – Prince Juan Carlos becomes Spain's acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.
 1980 – El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.
 1983 – The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held.
 1983 – An earthquake in eastern Turkey, near Erzurum, kills around 1,300 people.
 1985 - The Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off on what would become its final successful mission.
 1988 - Ayrton Senna wins his first Formula One title.
 1991 – The Madrid Conference for Middle East peace talks opens.
 1995 – Quebec independence referendum: Voters in Quebec narrowly choose to stay part of Canada.
 1997 - Mary McAleese is elected President of Ireland.
 1998 - 5,500 people are killed by Hurricane Mitch in Honduras.
 2000 – The Somoni replaces the Rouble as the currency of Tajikistan.

From 2001
 2002 – British television Service Freeview starts transmitting throughout parts of the United Kingdom.
 2003 - Basketball player LeBron James makes his first appearance in the NBA, for the Cleveland Cavaliers.
 2005 – Having been destroyed in the Firebombing of Dresden in World War II, the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady), is reconsecrated.
 2007 - The hosting of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup is given to Germany, and it is announced that the 2014 FIFA World Cup would take place in Brazil.
 2013 - A bus fuel tank catches fire in Mahabubnagar, India, killing 45 people.
 2014 - Emergency rule is declared in Burkina Faso after protests in the capital Ouagadougou against President Blaise Compaoré extending his time in office.
 2014 - Sweden becomes the first European Union country to recognize the State of Palestine.
 2015 - A fire at a nightclub in Bucharest, Romania, kills 64 people.
 2019 - Chile withdraws as host of the December 2019 International climate change summit over the 2019 Chilean protests; Madrid offers to host it instead.

Births

Up to 1850
 39 BC - Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus Caesar (d. 14)
 1218 – Emperor Chukyo of Japan (d. 1234)
 1327 - Andrew, Duke of Calabria (d. 1345)
 1513 - Jacques Amyot, French writer (d. 1593)
 1580 – Dirk Hartog, Dutch explorer (d. 1621)
 1624 - Paul Pellisson, French writer (d. 1693)
 1632 – Christopher Wren, English architect (d. 1723)
 1668 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen of Prussia (d. 1705)
 1735 – John Adams, 1st Vice President and 2nd President of the United States (d. 1826)
 1741 – Angelica Kauffman, Swiss-Austrian painter (d. 1807)
 1748 - Martha Jefferson, first wife of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1782)
 1751 - Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish satirist, playwright and poet (d. 1816)
 1763 - Heinrich Cotta, German forester (d. 1844)
 1776 - George M. Bibb, American politician (d. 1859)
 1778 - Benjamin Ames, Governor of Maine (d. 1835)
 1785 - Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau, Prussian lieutenant (d. 1871)
 1789 - Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (d. 1864)
 1794 - Prince Frederick of Prussia, Prussian prince and general (d. 1863)
 1804 - Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (d. 1873)
 1816 - Henry L. Dawes, American politician (d. 1903)
 1829 - Suzanne Manet, wife and model of the painter Edouard Manet (d. 1906)
 1836 - Camillo Boito, Italian writer and architect (d. 1914)
 1839 – Alfred Sisley, Anglo-French painter (d. 1899)
 1844 - Harvey W. Wiley, American chemist (d. 1930)
 1847 - Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist (d. 1897)

1851  1900
 1853 - Louise Abbéma, French painter (d. 1927)
 1857 – Georges Gilles de la Tourette, French neurologist (d. 1904)
 1859 - Karl von Stürgkh, Austrian politician (d. 1916)
 1861 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (d. 1929)
 1871 - Paul Valéry, French poet (d. 1945)
 1871 - Buck Freeman, American baseball player (d. 1949)
 1873 – Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (d. 1913)
 1877 - Hugo Celmins, Prime Minister of Latvia (d. 1941)
 1881 - Elizabeth Roberts, American poet and writer (d. 1941)
 1882 - Oldrich Duras, Czech chess player (d. 1957)
 1882 - William F. Halsey, Jr., American naval commander (d. 1959)
 1885 – Ezra Pound, American poet (d. 1972)
 1886 - Zoe Akins, American playwright (d. 1958)
 1887 - Sukumar Ray, Bengali writer (d. 1923)
 1887 - Georg Heym, German writer (d. 1912)
 1888 - Louis Menges, American soccer player (d. 1969)
 1888 - Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, Greek Olympic champion (d. 1913)
 1890 - Tommy Cairns, Scottish footballer (d. 1967)
 1893 - Charles Atlas, Italian bodybuilder (d. 1972)
 1893 - Roland Freisler, German Nazi judge (d. 1945)
 1894 - Jean Rostand, French biologist (d. 1977)
 1894 - Peter Warlock, English composer (d. 1930)
 1895 – Gerhard Domagk,  German  doctor,  won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1964)
 1895 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician (d. 1973)
 1896 – Harry Randall Truman, Guardian of Mt. St. Helens (d. 1980)
 1896 - Ruth Gordon, American actress (d. 1985)
 1896 - Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet (d. 1928)
 1897 - Agustín Lara, Mexican composer (d. 1970)
 1899 - Nadezhda Mandelstam, Russian writer (d. 1980)
 1900 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist (d. 1991)

1901  1950
 1905 - Johnny Miles, Canadian marathon runner (d. 2003)
 1906 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (d. 1966)
 1906 – Alexander Gode, German-American linguist (d. 1970)
 1908 - U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian politician (d. 1963)
 1908 - Patsy Montana, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 1996)
 1908 - Dmitry Ustinov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1984)
 1909 - Homi J. Bhabha, Indian physicist (d. 1966)
 1909 - Jerry Dawson, Scottish footballer (d. 1977)
 1910 - Luciano Sgrizzi, Italian harpsichordist  and composer (d. 1994)
 1911 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)
 1914 - Anna Wing, British actress (d. 2013)
 1914 - Leabua Jonathan, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho (d. 1987)
 1915 - Jane Randolph, American actress (d. 2009)
 1915 - Fred W. Friendly, American journalist (d. 1998)
 1917 - Maurice Trintignant, French racing driver (d. 2005)
 1917 - Anna Marly, Russian-born French singer and songwriter (d. 2006)
 1917 - Nikolai Ugarkov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1994)
 1925 - Gus Savage, American politician (d. 2015)
 1926 - Tommy Ridgley, American singer (d. 1999)
 1928 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist (d. 1999)
 1930 – Clifford Brown, American musician (d. 1956)
 1931 - Vince Callahan, American politician (d. 2014)
 1932 - Louis Malle, French movie director (d. 1995)
 1934 - Frans Brüggen, Dutch conductor and flautist (d. 2014)
 1935 – Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer (d. 2011)
 1935 – Michael Winner, English movie director (d. 2013)
 1937 – Claude Lelouch, French director
 1938 - Ed Lauter, American actor (d. 2013)
 1939 – Leland H. Hartwell, American scientist
 1939 - Eddie Holland, American songwriter
 1939 - Grace Slick, American rock music singer, songwriter, musician, artist and model
 1941 - Theodor W. Haensch, German physicist
 1941 - Otis Williams, American singer
 1943 - David Triesman, Baron Triesman, English politician
 1944 - Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi politician (d. 2015)
 1945 – Henry Winkler, American actor, director and producer
 1946 - William Thurston, American mathematician (d. 2012)
 1946 - Robert L. Gibson, American astronaut
 1946 - Chris L. Slade, Welsh drummer
 1947 - Timothy B. Schmit, American rock musician

1951  1975
 1951 - Harry Hamlin, American actor
 1952 - Ana Paula Ribeiro Tavares, Angolan historian and poet
 1953 - Pete Hoekstra, United States Congressman
 1954 – Mario Testino, Peruvian-born fashion photographer
 1954 - Mahmoud El Khatib, Egyptian footballer
 1955 - Heidi Heitkamp, American politician
 1956 - Juliet Stevenson, English actress
 1957 - Kevin Pollak, American actor and director
 1960 – Diego Armando Maradona, Argentine footballer
 1961 - Giorgos Papakonstantinou, Greek economist and politician
 1962 - Courtney Walsh, Jamaican cricketer
 1962 – Stefan Kuntz, German footballer
 1964 – Jean-Marc Bosman, Belgian footballer
 1965 - Gavin Rossdale, British musician
 1966 - Scott Innes, American voice actor
 1966 - Zoran Milanovic, 10th Prime Minister of Croatia
 1967 - Brad Aitken, Canadian ice hockey player
 1969 - Stanislav Gross, 5th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (d. 2015)
 1969 - Snow, Canadian musician
 1970 - Xie Jun, Chinese chess player
 1970 - Nia Long, American actress
 1970 - Ben Bailey, American comedian and talk show host
 1970 - Tony Belleci, American visual effects designer and TV host
 1971 – Fredi Bobic, German footballer
 1971 - Tzanis Stavrakopoulos, Greek basketball player
 1972 - Jessica Hynes, British actress and writer
 1973 - Edge, Canadian actor and professional wrestler
 1975 - Maria Thayer, American actress

From 1976
 1976 – Stern John, Trinidadian footballer
 1978 – Matthew Morrison, American actor and singer
 1979 - Jason Bartlett, American baseball player
 1981 - Jun Ji-hyun, South Korean actress
 1981 - Ayaka Kimura, Japanese actress
 1981 - Ivanka Trump, American model, businesswoman and socialite
 1982 - Manny Parra, American baseball player
 1983 - Diana Karazon, Jordanian singer, television host and actress
 1984 - Tyson Strachan, Canadian ice hockey player
 1984 - Eva Marcille, American actress, TV host and model
 1986 – Thomas Morgenstern, Austrian skijumper
 1986 - Margareta Kozuch, German volleyball player
 1988 - Janel Parrish, American actress and singer
 1989 - Jay Asforis, British actor, singer and dancer (S Club 7)
 1989 - Vanessa White, British singer (The Saturdays)
 1989 – Seth Adkins, American actor
 1989 – Nastia Liukin, American gymnast
 1989 - Ashley Barnes, Austrian-English footballer
 1996 – Mizuki Fukumura, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
 1998 - Meimi Tamura, Japanese singer

Deaths

Up to 1900
 1226 - Ly Hue Tong, Emperor of Vietnam
 1459 - Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (b. 1380)
 1522 - Jean Houton, French composer (b. 1459)
 1553 - Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer (b. 1489)
 1602 - Jean-Jacques Boissard, French poet (b. 1528)
 1611 – King Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1550)
 1626 - Willebrord Snell, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1580)
 1632 - Henri II de Montmorency, French naval officer (b. 1595)
 1654 – Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan (b. 1633)
 1685 - Michel le Tellier, French statesman (b. 1603)
 1757 - Osman III, Ottoman Sultan
 1802 - Charles Alexandre de Colonna, French statesman (b. 1734)
 1809 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
 1816 - Frederick I of Württemberg (b. 1754)
 1842 - Allan Cunningham, Scottish author and poet (b. 1784)
 1853 - Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (b. 1786)
 1883 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815)
 1893 – John Abbott, 3rd Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
 1894 - Honoré Mercier, 9th Premier of Quebec (b. 1840)

1901  2000
 1910 – Henry Dunant, Swiss founder of the International Red Cross, co-winner of the first Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1828)
 1912 – James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)
 1915 – Charles Tupper, shortest-serving Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
 1923 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
 1951 - Tom Perry, 14th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1879)
 1956 – Pio Baroja, Spanish writer (b. 1872)
 1957 - Fred Beebe, American baseball player (b. 1880)
 1961 – Luigi Einaudi, 2nd President of Italy (b. 1874)
 1963 - U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian politician (b. 1908)
 1965 - Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., American historian (b. 1888)
 1968 - Ramon Novarro, Mexican actor, singer and director (b. 1899)
 1968 - Conrad Richter, American author and playwright (b. 1890)
 1968 - Rose Wilder Lane, American journalist and writer (b. 1886)
 1975 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist (b. 1887)
 1979 - Barnes Wallis, English scientist and engineer (b. 1887)
 1979 - Rachele Mussolini, wife of Benito Mussolini (b. 1890)
 1985 - Kirby Grant, American actor (b. 1911)
 1993 - Paul Grégoire, Archbishop of Montreal (b. 1911)
 1997 – Samuel Fuller, American movie director (b. 1912)
 2000 – Steve Allen, American comedian, writer, and composer (b. 1921)

From 2001
 2002 – Juan Antonio Bardem, Spanish director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
 2004 - Peggy Ryan, American actress (b. 1924)
 2005 - Shamsher Singh Sheri, Indian Communist leader (b. 1942)
 2006 - Junji Kinoshita, Japanese playwright (b. 1914)
 2007 – Robert Goulet, American entertainer (b. 1933)
 2009 - Juvenal Amarijo, Brazilian footballer (b. 1923)
 2009 – Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist (b. 1908)
 2010 – Harry Mulisch, Dutch writer (b. 1927)
 2013 - Ralph Tarrant, English supercentenarian (b. 1903)
 2014 - Thomas Menino, American politician, longest-serving Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (b. 1942)
 2014 - Bob Geigel, American wrestling promoter (b. 1924)
 2015 - Mel Daniels, American basketball player (b. 1944)
 2015 - Al Molinaro, American actor (b. 1919)
 2016 - Tammy Grimes, American actress (b. 1934)
 2017 - Fred Beckey, American rock climber, mountaineer and author (b. 1923)
 2017 - Frank Doran, Scottish politician (b. 1949)
 2017 - Kim Joo-hyuk, South Korean actor (b. 1972)
 2017 - James D. Martin, American businessman and politician (b. 1918)
 2017 - Judy Martz, American politician, 22nd Governor of Montana (b. 1943)
 2017 - Melanmai Ponnusamy, Indian writer and journalist (b. 1951)
 2017 - Daniel Te'o-Nesheim, American football player (b. 1987)
 2017 - Daniel Viglietti, Uruguayan singer, guitarist, composer and activist (b. 1939)
 2018 - David Azulai, Israeli politician (b. 1954)
 2018 - Whitey Bulger, American criminal (b. 1929)
 2018 - Bill Fischer, American baseball player (b. 1930)
 2018 - María Irene Fornés, Cuban-American playwright (b. 1930)
 2018 - Jin Yong, Hong Kong essayist and journalist (b. 1924)
 2018 - Erika Mahringer, Austrian alpine skier (b. 1924)
 2018 - Beverly McClellan, American singer and musician (b. 1969)
 2018 - Teodoro Petkoff, Venezuelan journalist and politician (b. 1932)
 2018 - Sangharakshita, British Buddhist writer and educator (b. 1925)
 2018 - Bob Skoronski, American football player (b. 1934)
 2019 - Russell Brookes, British rally driver (b. 1945)
 2019 - Ron Fairly, American baseball player and broadcaster (b. 1938)
 2019 - Jim Gregory, Canadian ice hockey coach and executive (b. 1935)
 2019 - William J. Hughes, American politician and diplomat (b. 1932)
 2019 - Mobolaji Johnson, Nigerian military officer and politician (b. 1936)
 2019 - Bernard Slade, Canadian-American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1930)
 2019 - Azam Taleghani, Iranian politician, activist and journalist (b. 1943)
 2019 - J. Bob Traxler, American politician (b. 1931)

Observances
 Anniversary of the Declaration of the Slovak nation
 Mischief Night (United States)

Category:Days of the year

October 30


Alan Wray Tudyk (born March 16, 1971) is an American actor. He played Hoban "Wash" Washburne in Firefly, Doc Potter in 3:10 to Yuma and as Dutch in Transformers: Dark of the Moon. On voice acting, he voiced Lenny in Ice Age and other Disney characters in each movies and television.

Tudyk was born in El Paso, Texas. Tudyk was raised in Plano, Texas. He studied at Plane Senior High School, Lon Morris High School, and at the Juilliard School.

References

Other websites

Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Actors from El Paso, Texas

Alan Tudyk


Aruvappulam is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India.

Demographics

Malayalam is the native language of Aruvappulam.

Politics

Aruvappulam is the part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency.

Climate

The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year.

Transportation

The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC).

References

Category:Villages in Pathanamthitta district

Aruvappulam


Maria Carme Forcadell i Lluís (born 29 May 1955) is a Catalan politician.  She was the president of the Parliament of Catalonia (2015-2018). She was the Councilor of Sabadell City Council (2003-2007), and president of the Catalan National Assembly (2012-2015).

Life

Carme Forcadell was born in 1956 in Xerta, a small village in Baix Ebre, on the coast of southern Catalonia, Spain.  She studied philosophy and journalism at the Universitat Autònoma, and received a master's degree in Catalan philology. She worked as a teacher in the city of Sabadell, where she met her husband, a computer specialist.  They have two children.

Work

Forcadell entered politics in 1999, when she joined the ERC (Esquerra Republicana). In 2003 she became councilor of the municipal government of Sabadell, led by mayor Manuel Bustos.   Later, she became the president of the Catalan National Assembly.

Forcadell was speaker of the Catalan Parliament from 2015 until after the 2017 election. As a result of the Catalan campaign for independence and the referendum held on October 1st, 2017, she was put in the Spanish prison of Alcalá-Mecoprison.

In July 2018 she was transferred to the Mas d’Enric prison near Tarragona in Catalonia. She was escorted by the Catalan police Mossos d’Esquadra, under the control of the Catalan government.  Crowds formed a human chain on the road leading to the prison and covered the fences with yellow ribbons. The prison has green rooftops, large courtyards, and a view of the nearby forests and mountains. It was designed by architects AiB Estudi d'Arquitectes and Estudi PSP Arquitectura to create a "non-oppressive environment".

References

Other websites

Category:Living people
Category:Politicians from Catalonia
Category:1955 births
Category:Political prisoners

Carme Forcadell


Fluquières is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Aisne

Fluquières


The Alhamra Theatre Complex or the Alhamra Arts Council Cultural Complex or Alhamra Art Galleries and Hall etc., is a multi-purpose cultural theatre and performing arts venue in Lahore, Pakistan.  It was completed in 1992. It is situated on The Mall, a big old avenue  from British Indian times.

The Council also has a new venue of the same type, named the Alhamra Gadaffi Stadium  Complex, which is located near Lahore's main sports stadium and which was made more recently.

Category:Buildings and structures in Pakistan
Category:Lahore
Category:1992 establishments in Asia
Category:20th century establishments in Pakistan

Alhamra Arts Council


Kanotix, also referred to as KANOTIX, is a Linux distribution Live CD (LiveDistro) based on Debian (until 2006 unstable, in 2007 KANOTIX moved to Debian Etch) with advanced hardware detection. It can run from an optical disc drive without using a hard disk.

Kanotix uses KDE as the default desktop environment. GNOME and other window managers can be downloaded using APT.

The name "Kanotix" is derived from the founder's nickname "Kano". Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth.

Content
Kanotix is based on Debian stable (currently "Etch"). It contains a lot of backports. So many of the main applications are more recent than are available in Etch.

Kanotix includes about 1,200 software packages:

 KDE, the default desktop environment, including the Konqueror, IceWM, Beryl (allows access to a 3D desktop environment)
 Amarok, Video Disk Recorder
 Beryl (window manager)
 Internet access software, including the KPPP dialer, ISDN utilities and WLAN-NdisWrapper
 Iceweasel-web browser,  IceDove Mail/News Client, Pidgin instant messenger
 K3b, for CD (and DVD) authoring and backup
 The GIMP, an image manipulation program
 Gparted and other tools for data rescue and system repair
 Network analysis and administration tools
 LibreOffice, an office suite
 Programming and development tools
 NTFS-3G used by default

Installation
Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the (graphical) acritoxinstaller, which, depending on optical drive, hard disk and processor speed, can take around 10 – 20 minutes.

Versions

History
In 2003 Jörg Schirottke was known with the nickname "Kano" in the former Knoppix-Forum (no more available). The distribution derived from Scriptpage for Knoppix" . He wrote about Knoppix: "I like it much, but I had to improve it :)". So he did. One of the main differences from Knoppix was the support of hard disk installation.
The first "Kanotix"-preview was released at 24 December 2003 "KANOTIX XMAS 2003 PREVIEW".
In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the "top 20" of "distrowatch.com". In 2004 the releases were named "Bug Hunter" (Bug Hunter-01-2004 - X-2004). After problems with the stability in 2006 Jörg "Kano" Schirottke decided to move from Debian Sid to a less volatile basis.
In October 2006 the main Kanotix co-developer (and most of Kanotix's other developers) left the project, to start sidux, another distribution based on Debian sid. The last Kanotix release based on Debian Sid was 2006-01-RC4.

Current Releases

Other websites

 Official site
 acritoxinstaller

Category:Knoppix
Category:Linux distributions
Category:Live CD
Category:X86-64 Linux distributions
Category:Debian-based Linux distributions

Kanotix


A textbook is a book used for the study of a subject. People use a textbook to learn facts and methods about a certain subject. Textbooks sometimes have questions to test the knowledge and understanding of the learner.

A workbook is a type of textbook that has only practice questions and exercises. Workbooks are designed not to teach but to provide practice and to highlight areas which need more learning. A revision guide is a type of textbook that is used to remind the learner about the subject and give him/her extra practice, especially before an examination.

A textbook is usually lent to students by a school to accompany a course the school is teaching. Sometimes, especially at university, students have to buy the textbooks they need themselves or borrow them from a library.

Most textbooks are only published in printed format. However, some are now available online as electronic books.

Category:Learning

Textbook


Sir Adrian Cedric Boult CH (8 April 1889 – 22 February 1983) was an English conductor.

Life

Early years
Boult was born in Chester. He went to school in Westminster School and studied at Christ Church, Oxford. He then went to the Leipzig Conservatory where he learnt to conduct by watching the great Hungarian conductor Arthur Nikisch. He sang in choral festivals and at the Leeds Festival of 1913, where he went to watch Nikisch conduct.

During World War I he worked for the War Office, and while he was there in 1918 he planned a series of concerts with the London Symphony Orchestra, which included several important new British works including Gustav Holst's The Planets, A London Symphony by Ralph Vaughan Williams, and Elgar's Symphony No. 2. When Boult was a boy he had already met Elgar. Elgar now wrote to him and said he felt sure the future of his music was safe in Boult's hands. Boult was at the start of a great career in which he conducted a lot of 20th century British music.

Birmingham and the BBC
In 1924 Boult became conductor of the City of Birmingham Orchestra—now the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra — and in 1930 he was made Director of Music at the BBC. When the BBC formed the BBC Symphony Orchestra, Boult also became its chief conductor, combining both jobs.

Boult became famous for conducting a wide repertoire, including the very modern-sounding music of Arnold Schoenberg. In 1933 he married Ann Wilson, the ex-wife of the singer and administrator Steuart Wilson. The marriage lasted until Boult's death. Boult was knighted in 1937.

War years and after
During World War II the BBC Symphony Orchestra was evacuated to Bristol.  Even there it was not safe from the bombing and they moved again to Bedford.
After the war the BBC started the BBC Third Programme and Boult was involved in many new plans for concerts and recordings.

In 1948, Steuart Wilson became Director of Music at the BBC. Some people were saying that the music on the BBC was not so good and that Boult ought to retire when he became 60 in 1949.  He then became conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra with whom he made many recordings.

Later years
Boult continued to conduct until he was very old.  His many recordings, including music he had heard Nikisch conduct many years before.  His last public performance was conducting Elgar's ballet The Sanguine Fan for London Festival Ballet at the Coliseum, in London on 24 June 1978.

Boult was made a Companion of Honour in 1969.

Writings
Boult wrote two books about conducting, Thoughts on Conducting and A handbook on the technique of conducting.  He also wrote an autobiography:  My Own Trumpet (the expression “to blow one’s own trumpet” means: “to boast about oneself).  He also gave talks on the radio.  He spoke in a very polite, formal style.

His conducting
Boult always conducted with a baton (conductor’s stick).  His conducting was very graceful, his movements were very simple and clear.

Category:1889 births
Category:1983 deaths
Category:British autobiographers
Category:British conductors
Category:Companions of Honour
Category:Knights Bachelor
Category:Musicians from Cheshire
Category:People from Chester

Adrian Boult


Andris Nelsons (born November 18 1978) is a Latvian conductor.  He is particularly known as the conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra.

Life

Nelsons was born in Riga, Latvia. His parents were both musicians.  His mother started the first early music group in Latvia.  His father plays the cello and conducts choirs.

Nelsons learned to play the trumpet.  He played the trumpet with the Latvian National Opera. He had always wanted to be a conductor.  The conductor Mariss Jansons taught him to become a good conductor.  In 2003 Nelsons became principal conductor of the Latvian National Opera.  He stayed with them for five years.  In 2006, he became chief conductor of the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie of Herford, Germany, for three years.

Category:1978 births
Category:Conductors
Category:Living people
Category:People from Riga

Andris Nelsons


Razak (or Razzak Khan) (1953/1954 – 1 June 2016) was an Indian movie and television actor who was in Bollywood movies. He was known for his roles in Baadshah, Hello Brother and in Akhiyon Se Goli Maare.

Khan died of a heart attack at his home in Bandra, Maharashtra on 1 June 2016, aged 62.

References

Other websites

 Razak Khan Bio at the Bollywood Hungama

Category:1950s births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Indian movie actors
Category:Indian television actors

Razak Khan


Derby Road railway station is a small station in Suffolk, England. Trains are currently run by Greater Anglia.

Trains

Category:Railway stations in Suffolk

Derby Road railway station


The following is a list of presidents of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the world association football governing body.

The current president is Swiss-Italian Gianni Infantino. Before him, Cameroonian Issa Hayatou was acting president after the impeachment of Sepp Blatter on 8 October 2015, which was later followed by a six-year ban from all football-related activities on 21 December 2015.

Presidents of FIFA

Notes

References

*

List of Presidents of FIFA


Nynäshamn Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nynäshamn.

References

Other websites

 Nynäshamn Municipality

Nynashamn Municipality

Nynäshamn Municipality


Brother may refer to:

Monk, the male version of a nun
A fraternity member
A member of a peer group who is male
A male family member with the same parents (sibling). Also see the Wiktionary page
An African-American male

Brother (disambiguation)


Khorramshahr is a port city in the south of Iran. It is on the northern tip of the Persian Gulf, on the Karun river.

References

Category:Cities in Iran

Khorramshahr


Levenshulme is an urban area of Manchester in North West England on the borders of Longsight, Gorton, Burnage and Stockport. According to the 2001 UK census it had a population of 12,691.

References

Category:Districts of Manchester

Levenshulme


Didier Lockwood (11 February 1956 – 18 February 2018) was a French jazz violinist. He played in the progressive rock/jazz fusion band Magma in the 1970s. He was known for his use of electric amplification and experimentation on different sounds on the electric violin. He was born in Calais, France.

Lockwood died on 18 February 2018 in Paris of a heart attack at the age of 62.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Category:1956 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:French musicians
Category:Jazz musicians
Category:Rock musicians
Category:Violinists

Didier Lockwood


Bergshamra is a locality in Norrtälje Municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden. In 2010, 749 people lived there.

References

Category:Settlements in Stockholm County

Bergshamra


Wiesbaden is a German city near Frankfurt am Main. It is the capital of the federal state of Hesse. Wiesbaden is situated on the right (north) bank of the Rhine (German: "Rhein"), near the city of Mainz (about  away from Wiesbaden centre) the opposite side of the river, and a short distance, about , from Frankfurt am Main, to the east. Wiesbaden has about 274,000 inhabitants (2005).

Wiesbaden has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

Wiesbaden is the capital of the state Hesse, which is located in middle of Germany.

References

Category:German state capitals

Wiesbaden


St. John's International Airport  is 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) northwest of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  The airport is part of the National Airports System, and is operated by St. John's International Airport Authority Inc.

References

Other websites
 St. John's International Airport Authority

Category:Airports in Canada
Category:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

St. John's International Airport


João Pessoa () is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Paraíba. It has about 660,000 inhabitants and an area of 210.45 km².

Sources

Category:Cities in Paraíba
Category:Capitals of Brazilian states
Category:1585 establishments
Category:16th-century establishments in Brazil

João Pessoa


is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||4||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2000||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||4||0||0||0||1||1||5||1
|-
|2001||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||24||0||3||1||2||0||29||1
|-
|2002||rowspan="9"|Ventforet Kofu||rowspan="4"|J. League 2||36||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||39||1
|-
|2003||37||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|-
|2004||36||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|2005||27||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2007||19||0||2||0||3||0||24||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||29||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2009||29||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||3
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
248||7||14||1||8||1||270||9
248||7||14||1||8||1||270||9
|}

References

Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture

Yosuke Ikehata


A knight is a piece in the game of chess. Each player starts the game with two knights. It moves in an L pattern, two squares in one direction then one square in another. It is the only piece in chess to be able to jump over other pieces. It is also the only piece that can be in position to attack a king, queen, bishop, or rook without also being attacked by that piece. Because of this, the knight plays forks well in a game of chess.

'Knight' is shortened to Kt or N when recording games. In printed game scores it is represented by a figurine.

Knight

Knight (chess)


Silver iodate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgIO3. It has silver and iodate ions in it. The silver is in the +1 oxidation state.

Properties
Silver iodate is a colorless solid. It does not dissolve in water. It is an oxidizing agent.

Preparation
It is made by reacting silver nitrate with sodium iodate.

Related pages
Potassium iodate
Sodium periodate
Sodium bromate

Category:Silver compounds
Category:Iodine compounds

Silver iodate