The following is a list of noted current and former residents of Teaneck, New Jersey.

(B) denotes that the person was born in Teaneck.

Academics and science
 Frank Chapman (1864–1945) ornithologist.
 Frank Gill (born 1941), ornithologist.
 Dr. Alan Kadish (born 1956), President and CEO of Touro College.
 Peter Kenen (born 1932), economist who was Provost of Columbia University.
 Clifford Nass (1958-2013), professor at Stanford University who was an expert on human-computer interaction.
 Jane S. Richardson (born 1941), biochemist and developer of ribbon diagrams of protein structure.
 Jacob J. Schacter, Senior Scholar at the Center for the Jewish Future at Yeshiva University, editor of a number of volumes about Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik.
 Yvonne Thornton (born 1947), physician and author.
 Helen M. Walker (1891-1983), statistician and researcher who was the first female president of the American Statistical Association when she was elected in 1944.
 Alan Westin (1929-2013), Columbia University professor who was a pioneer in studying issues related to information privacy.

Arts

Architecture
 Louis Bourgeois (1856–1930), architect of Bahá'í House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois).

Authors and journalists
 Shalom Auslander (born 1970), author of Foreskin's Lament: A Memoir, published in October 2007.
 Peter Balakian (born 1951), poet, writer and academic.
 Cathy Bao Bean (born 1942), author.
 Jim Bishop (1907–1987), journalist and author of the bestselling book The Day Lincoln Was Shot.
 Louis Black, co-founder of The Austin Chronicle and the annual South by Southwest film and music festival.
 Don Bolles (1928–1976), investigative reporter killed in a Mob-related car bombing.
 Richard Nelson Bolles (born 1927), clergyman and author of the best-selling job-hunting book, What Color is Your Parachute?
 George Cain (1943–2010), author of Blueschild Baby.
 Louise DeSalvo (born 1942), author.
 Howard Fast (1914–2003), novelist, author of Spartacus.
 Jeff Gottesfeld (born 1956), author of Anne Frank and Me, screenwriter Broken Bridges and television writer The Young and the Restless.
 David Heatley (born 1974) cartoonist, illustrator, graphic designer and musician.
 John Hoerr (1930-2015), journalist and historian best known for his work on organized labor, industry, and politics.
 Mike Kelly, columnist for The Record and author of Color Lines, a book about the 1990 shooting of Phillip Pannell, an African-American teenager, by Gary Spath, a white Teaneck police officer.
 Barry N. Malzberg (born 1939), science fiction author.
 Brian Morton (born 1955), author of Starting Out in the Evening.
 Gitl Schaechter-Viswanath (born 1958), Yiddish language poet.
 Joseph Steinberg, Forbes columnist and author of cybersecurity books.
 John A. Williams (1925-2015), author, journalist and academic whose novel The Man Who Cried I Am was a bestseller in 1967.

Fine arts
 Robert Barry (born 1936), conceptual artist.
 Charles Harbutt (born 1935), photographer.
 Frank R. Paul (1884–1963), illustrator of science fiction.
 Claire Porter (born 1942), choreographer.
 Paul Shambroom (born 1956), photographer.
 Chuck Stewart (born 1927), photographer.
 Henry Wessel, Jr. (born 1942), photographer.

Fashion
 Marc Jacobs (born 1963), designer and artistic director for Louis Vuitton.
 Lynn Kohlman (1946–2008), fashion model.

Movies, stage and television
 Paul Attanasio (born 1959), screenwriter and executive producer of the TV series House.
 De'Adre Aziza (born 1977), Broadway stage actress.
 Pat Battle (born 1959), WNBC-TV's New Jersey Bureau reporter, Weekend anchor Today in New York.
 Roger Birnbaum (born c. 1950), film producer who owns Spyglass Entertainment.
 Ben Blank (c. 1921 – 2009), television graphics innovator.
 Philip Bosco (born 1930), character actor.
 Chris Brancato (born 1962), Hollywood writer and producer of Sci Fi Channel's First Wave and the film Species II.
 Gaius Charles (born 1983), actor, Friday Night Lights.
 Jennifer Cody (born 1975), actress.
 Joe DiPietro (born c. 1961), playwright.
 Jamie Donnelly (born 1947), actress best known as Jan, one of the Pink Ladies from the film version of Grease, a role she got at the age of 30.
 Sheldon Epps (born 1952), director and producer of television and theatrical works.
 Hunter Foster (born 1969), Broadway actor.
 Nely Galán (born 1963), independent producer and a former President of Entertainment for Telemundo, who created and executive produced the FOX reality series The Swan.
 John A. Gambling (1930–2004), radio personality.
 John B. Gambling (1897–1974), radio personality.
 Susan Gordon (1949–2011), child actress who appeared in film and on television.
 Jess Harnell, the voice of Wakko Warner on Animaniacs and announcer of America's Funniest Home Videos.<ref>Zayas, Javier. "'Wakko Yaks: A Conversation with Jess Harnell' by Javier Zayas", Fulle Circle Magazine', April 17, 2015. Accessed June 17, 2015. "Javier Zayas: So you were born in Teaneck, New Jersey? Jess Harnell: Actually it was Englewood Hospital, but right near Teaneck and that's where I lived so we'll stick with that."</ref>
 Jay Jason (1915–2001), Borscht Belt comedian.
 Anthony Johnson (born 1956), New Jersey reporter for WABC-TV.
 David P. Levin (born 1958), producer/writer/director who developed the "Uncensored" brand for MTV and produced / directed When Pop Culture Saved America for A&E Network.
 Damon Lindelof (born 1973), co-creator and executive producer of the TV series Lost.
 Leonard Maltin (born 1950), film critic and author of Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide.
 Patricia McBride (born 1942), ballerina who performed with the New York City Ballet for 30 years.
 Bob McGrath (born 1932), plays the character "Bob" on TV's Sesame Street, the longest-lasting human character on the program.
 Julianne Michelle (born 1987), film actress.
 Ozzie Nelson (1906–1975) and Harriet Nelson (1909–1994), from The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet.
 Ricky Nelson (1940–1985), son of Ozzie and Harriet; elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.
 Christopher O'Neal (born 1994), actor who appears on Nickelodeon's How to Rock.
 Sarah Jessica Parker (born 1965), actress, played the role of Carrie Bradshaw on HBO's Sex and the City.
 Charles Payne, Fox Business Network television show host.
 Randall Pinkston (born 1950), correspondent for CBS News.
 Robert Ridgely (1931–1997), actor and voice over artist, appeared in many Mel Brooks movies and made one of his final movie appearances as Colonel James in the film Boogie Nights.Staff. "Robert Ridgely, 65, Film and TV Actor", The New York Times, February 16, 1997. Accessed December 4, 2013. "Mr. Ridgely, a native of Teaneck, N.J., began as a cabaret entertainer."
 Rick Schwartz (born c. 1968), film producer.
 Matt Servitto (born 1965), actor known for his role on The Sopranos as FBI agent Dwight Harris.
 Lawrence Sher (born 1970), cinematographer.
 Paul Sorvino (born 1939), actor.
 Josh Sussman (born 1983), actor.
 Judy Tyler (1933–1957), actress who played Princess Summerfallwinterspring on Howdy Doody as a teenager and appeared on film in Jailhouse Rock, starring opposite Elvis Presley.
 John Ventimiglia (born 1963), actor who played Artie Bucco on The Sopranos.

Music
 Nat Adderley (1931–2000), jazz cornet and trumpet player.
 Nat Adderley, Jr. (born 1955), music arranger who spent much of his career with Luther Vandross.
 Eef Barzelay (born 1970), chief songwriter/singer/guitarist of alt-country indie rock band Clem Snide.
 Roni Ben-Hur (born 1962), bebop jazz guitarist.
 Louis Black (born 1950), co-founder of South by Southwest Music, Film, and Interactive Conference and Festival.
 Pat Boone (born 1934), star pop singer from the 1950s Love Letters in the Sand whose best-known hits were cover versions of songs originated by African-American artists Ain't That a Shame, Tutti-Frutti.
 Donald Byrd (1932-2013), jazz trumpeter.Zezima, Katie; and Chase, Randall. "Innovative jazz trumpeter Donald Byrd, of Teaneck, dies at 80", The Record (Bergen County), February 11, 2013. Accessed February 11, 2013. "Byrd, a longtime resident of Teaneck, N.J., was a distinguished scholar at William Paterson University and twice was an artist-in-residence at Delaware State University."
 Brendan Canty (born 1966), drummer of critically acclaimed indie rock band Fugazi.
 Gordon Chambers (born c. 1969), singer-songwriter whose work includes "If You Love Me" by Brownstone.
 Ray Chew (born c. 1968), music director.
 Johnny Copeland (1937–1997), blues guitarist and singer.
 Shemekia Copeland (born 1979), blues singer.
 DJ Spinderella (born 1971), DJ for the hip-hop group Salt-n-Pepa.
 Plácido Domingo (born 1941), operatic tenor."Domingo: Iron man of opera", The Cincinnati Post, September 23, 1998. Accessed August 7, 2007. "Domingo vividly recalls his Met debut - four days earlier than planned. His parents were visiting him and his wife, Marta, in Teaneck, N.J., and they'd just sat down to dinner when "the phone rang and Rudolf Bing's voice inquired, 'How are you feeling, Placido?'"
 Ray Drummond (born 1946), jazz bassist.
 Randy Edelman (born 1947), film and TV score composer.
 Jon Faddis (born 1953), jazz trumpeter, conductor, composer and educator.
 Jon Garrison (born 1944), operatic tenor.
 Christine Goerke (born 1969), Grammy Award-winning dramatic soprano.
 Wally Gold (1928–1998), singer, songwriter, producer, music industry executive, best known for writing the Elvis Presley hits "It's Now or Never" (1960) and "Good Luck Charm" (1962) as well as Lesley Gore's classic number 1 hit "It's My Party".
 Florence Greenberg (1913–1995), record producer who discovered The Shirelles.
 Ferde Grofé (1892–1972), composer and arranger, best known for his Grand Canyon Suite.
 Joe Harnell (1924-2005), composer and arranger.
 Al Hibbler (1915–2001), R&B singer; later civil rights activist.
 The Isley Brothers, African American music group who founded T-Neck Records (named for their base in the township) in 1964, becoming the first R&B band to form their own record label, then a rarity in black music. Chris Rock made reference to this in his Champagne song
 Ronald Isley (born 1941), co-founder and lead singer of the Isley Brothers.
 Rudolph Isley (born 1939), founding member of the Isley Brothers.
 Master Gee (born Guy O'Brien), co-founder of the hip hop group The Sugarhill Gang, which is best known for its signature song, "Rapper's Delight," where he raps, "I said M-A-S, T-E-R, a G with a double E, I said I go by the unforgettable name of the man they call the Master Gee."
 Milt Jackson (1923–1999), jazz vibraphonist.
 Moe Jaffe (1901–1972), songwriter.
 Jodeci, R&B group of the early 90s.
 J. J. Johnson (1924–2001), jazz trombonist.
 Kevin Jonas (born 1987), background vocalist and lead guitarist for the Jonas Brothers.(B)
 Kimberly Jones (born 1974), rapper known as Lil' Kim.
 Ben Jorgensen (born 1983), lead singer of Armor for Sleep.
 Don "Magic" Juan (born 1950), Merengue and Hip Hop artist formally part of the popular 1990s Merengue group Proyecto Uno.
 Ulysses Kay (1917–1995), composer.
 Ben E. King (1938-2015), singer, Stand by Me.
 Michael Korie, librettist and lyricist, whose works include Grey Gardens.
 Anthony Laciura (born 1951), character tenor for the Metropolitan Opera.Beckerman, Jim. "A classical relief effort; Opera stars in Katrina benefit.", The Record (Bergen County), October 14, 2005. "'My father used to say he heard Caruso at the French Opera House,' says Laciura, a Teaneck resident who has sung tenor for 24 years with the Metropolitan Opera in New York."
 Ezra Laderman (born 1924), contemporary classical music composer who was Dean of the Yale School of Music.
 Amy London (born c. 1958), jazz singer.
 Mario (born 1986), R&B singer.
 Rose Marie McCoy (born 1922), songwriter.
 Clyde McPhatter (1932–1972), R&B singer who founded The Drifters.
 Allan Monk (born 1942), baritone opera singer.
 Melissa Morgan (born 1980), jazz vocalist.
 Bernard Purdie (born 1941), prolific session drummer.
 Rufus Reid (born 1944), jazz bassist and music educator.Beckerman, Jim. "Ben-Hur flavors his jazz with Middle Eastern spice", The Record (Bergen County), July 17, 2005. "Luckily, pianist John Hicks, drummer Leroy Williams, percussionist Steve Kroon and celebrated Teaneck bassist Rufus Reid were happy to go where Ben-Hur led."
 Scott Robinson (born 1959), jazz musician best known for his work with various styles of saxophone.
 Paul A. Rothchild (1935-1995), music producer of the late 1960s and 1970s, best known for his work with The Doors.
 Ernie Royal (1921–1983), jazz trumpeter.
 Hilton Ruiz (1952–2006), Jazz pianist, Afro-Cuban style.
 Juelz Santana (born 1982), rapper.
 Linda Scott (born 1945), singer best known for her 1961 hit "I've Told Every Little Star".
 Alan Silvestri (born 1950) film composer.
 Ray Simpson (born 1954), lead singer of the Village People since 1980.Leichman, Abigail. "Ashford and Simpson sing of wedded bliss", The Record (Bergen County), September 7, 2007. "'People tried to talk us out of songwriting, but we just kept doing it, and eventually we made it through,' said Simpson, whose brother, Village People lead singer Raymond Simpson, is a longtime Teaneck resident."
 Dave Sirulnick, Executive Vice President for Multiplatform Production, News and Music at MTV.
 Phoebe Snow (1952–2011), singer-songwriter born Phoebe Laub, whose stage name was selected from the name of a train that ran through Teaneck, the Phoebe Snow.Holden, Stephen. "Phoebe Snow, Bluesy Singer-Songwriter, Dies at 60", The New York Times, April 26, 2011. Accessed May 9, 2011. "Phoebe Ann Laub was born in New York City and grew up in Teaneck, N.J."
 Raymond Torres-Santos (born 1958), classical composer, pianist, arranger and conductor. Professor of Music at CUNY; released "Requiem" original composition for orchestra and chorus.
 Trey Songz (born 1984), R&B singer.
 Christopher Wallace (1972–1997), rapper known as Notorious B.I.G.
 Lenny White (born 1949), drummer described as "one of the founding fathers of jazz fusion".
 Evan Winiker, musician and bassist in the Steel Train and Fun.
 The Wrens, rock band.

Business and industry
 Bob Beaumont (1932–2011), founder of Citicar, an electric automobile manufacturer from 1974 to 1977.
 Matthew Hiltzik (born 1972), CEO and President of Hiltzik Strategies, a strategic consulting and communications firm.
 Les Otten (born 1949), former CEO of the American Skiing Company.
 Paul Volcker (born 1927), former Chairman of the Federal Reserve.
 Bill Zanker (born 1954), creator of The Learning Annex.

Government and politics
 Vincent M. Battle (born 1940), former United States Ambassador to Lebanon.
 William W. Bennett (1841–1912), property manager of the William Walter Phelps estate, who was the first Mayor of Teaneck, New Jersey.
 Leonie Brinkema (born 1944), U.S. District Court judge in the Zacarias Moussaoui case.
 Frank W. Burr (1906–1992), Mayor of Teaneck from 1970 to 1974, who played a major role in the voluntary integration of Teaneck's schools and was one of the prime advocates of what became the Glenpointe complex at the intersection of Interstates 80 and 95.
 Gale D. Candaras (born 1947), member of the Massachusetts Senate.
 Donna Christian-Christensen (born 1945), non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives for the United States Virgin Islands.
 Thomas J. Costa (1912-2003), member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1968 to 1972 who was mayor of Teaneck from 1966 to 1969.
 Matthew Feldman (1919–1994), Mayor of Teaneck from 1960 to 1966; Member of the New Jersey Senate representing the 37th district, from 1966 to 1968 and 1974-94.
 Steven Goldstein, LGBT activist and founder of Garden State Equality.
 Nelson G. Gross (1932–1997), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and as Chairman of the New Jersey Republican State Committee.
 Mohammed Hameeduddin (born c. 1973), Mayor of Teaneck from 2010 to 2014 who was the first Muslim-American mayor in Bergen County.
 Archibald C. Hart (1873–1935), represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district from 1912 to 1913 and 1913–1917.
 Luis Muñoz Marín (1898–1980), first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico.
 Gabrielle Kirk McDonald (born 1942), federal and international judge.
 Dennis McNerney, former County Executive of Bergen County.
 Peter Pace (born 1945), former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the first Marine to hold the position.
 Arnold Petersen (1885–1976), National Secretary of the Socialist Labor Party of America from 1914 to 1969
 William Walter Phelps (1839–1894), member of the United States House of Representatives who was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Germany.
 Anthony Principi (born 1944), United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from 2001 to 2005.
 Paul A. Volcker, Jr. (born 1927), Chairman of the Federal Reserve, and son of Paul A. Volcker, Sr., Teaneck's first Municipal Manager.
 Loretta Weinberg (born 1935), Majority Leader of the New Jersey Senate.
 Craig Zucker, member of the Maryland legislature.

Sports
 Lance Ball (born 1985), former running back for the Denver Broncos.
 Beth Beglin (born 1957), field hockey player who represented the U.S. three times at the Summer Olympics as a member of the United States women's national field hockey team.
 Dellin Betances (born 1988), pitcher for the New York Yankees.
 Jim Bouton (born 1939), former pitcher for the New York Yankees, sportscaster and author of the controversial tell-all book Ball Four.
 Chris Brantley (born 1970), wide receiver who played in the NFL for the Los Angeles Rams and Buffalo Bills.Giuffra, Brian A. "Where are they now: Teaneck's Chris Brantley", The Record (Bergen County), November 8, 2011. Accessed November 8, 2011.
 Tony Campbell (born 1962), former NBA basketball player for the New York Knicks and several other teams.
 Sam Cassell (born 1969), NBA player who lived here while playing for the New Jersey Nets.
 Rick Cerone (born 1954), former MLB catcher who played for both the New York Mets and New York Yankees.
 Mike DeGerick (born 1943), pitcher who played two games for the Chicago White Sox before a line drive hit his head and ended his career.
 Lawrence Frank (born 1970), former Head Coach of the New Jersey Nets.
 Mike Fraysse (born 1943), US Olympic Cycling Coach who was inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame.
 Doug Glanville (born 1970), baseball player who played for the Philadelphia Phillies and other teams.
 Tamba Hali (born 1983), linebacker for the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL.
 Elston Howard (1929–1980), baseball player New York Yankees.
 Zab Judah (born 1977), champion welterweight boxer.
 Bob Klapisch (born 1957), sportswriter for The Record.
 Carl "Spider" Lockhart (1943–1986), safety who played his entire 11-year career with the New York Giants.
 Jim McGovern (born 1965), professional golfer.
 Christina McHale (b. 1992), tennis player.
 Hank Morgenweck (c. 1929–2007) Major League Baseball umpire from 1970 to 1975, who called Nolan Ryan's fourth no-hitter.
 Kasib Powell (born 1981), NBA basketball player who has played for the Miami Heat.
 Randi Patterson (born 1985), professional soccer player who played for the New York Red Bulls.Staff. "2009 Third Round: Randi Patterson’s brace earns him Player of the Round", Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, July 7, 2009. Accessed July 18, 2011. "Patterson: The difference is that playing near New York City was that you always had something to do. I lived in Teaneck [New Jersey] all my life which is 10 minutes from New York City so there was always something for me to do. In Charleston, it's a nice place but it's not like New York City."
 David Reed (born 1988), professional soccer player.
 Giuseppe Rossi (born 1987), Italian-American association football player, currently playing for Fiorentina and Italy national football team.
 Nick Saviano (born 1956), former tennis player, won one ATP title and reached two other finals.
 Jason Sehorn (born 1971), former NFL football player who played cornerback for the New York Giants (1994–2002) and St. Louis Rams (2003).
 John Sterling (born 1948), Sportscaster for the New York Yankees.
 David Stern (born 1942), former Commissioner of the National Basketball Association.
 Doug Wark (born 1951), former soccer forward who spent five seasons in the North American Soccer League and three in the Major Indoor Soccer League.
 David West (born 1980), NBA basketball player with the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets.
 Dave Winfield (born 1951), Hall of Fame baseball player.Smith, Claire. "Winfield Dons Uniform Of Angels", The New York Times, May 18, 1990. Accessed September 11, 2011. "'We are inextricably bound by history, and not in a positive way,' Winfield said in an interview before leaving his home in Teaneck, N.J., to join the Angels here. 'I don't like that. It detracts from the contributions I made.'"
 Ahmed Zayat (born 1962), thoroughbred racehorse owner whose horse American Pharoah won the Triple Crown in 2015.

Other
 Mickey Featherstone (born c. 1947), mobster and leader of The Westies gang.
 Martin Fleisher (born 1958), bridge player and investment adviser.
 Rabbi Howard Jachter, specialist in Jewish divorce procedure.
 Frank Lucas (born 1930), drug lord in Harlem in the 1970s, and the subject of the 2007 biopic American Gangster''.
 Dana Reeve (1961–2006), actress, singer, activist for disability causes, and the wife of Christopher Reeve.
 Marty Ravellette, (1938–2007), armless hero
 David Sklansky (born 1947), professional poker player and author.
 Rabbi Steven Weil (born 1965), Executive Vice President of the Orthodox Union.
 Rabbi Jeremy Wieder, Rosh yeshiva and instructor at Yeshiva University's Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary.

References

Category:People from Teaneck, New Jersey

List of people from Teaneck, New Jersey


A Momentary Lapse of Reason is the thirteenth studio album by Pink Floyd, the band's first release after the departure of Roger Waters from the band in 1985. The album reached #3 on both the U.S. and UK charts. It was released in the UK and the rest of Europe on EMI and on Columbia Records for the rest of the world.

Quotes

Track listing
All lead vocals performed by David Gilmour except where noted.

"Signs of Life" (instrumental, spoken word by Nick Mason) (David Gilmour, Bob Ezrin) – 4:24
"Learning to Fly" (Gilmour, Anthony Moore, Ezrin, Jon Carin) – 4:53
"The Dogs of War" (Gilmour, Moore) – 6:05
"One Slip" (Gilmour, Phil Manzanera) – 5:10
"On the Turning Away" (Gilmour, Moore) – 5:42
"Yet Another Movie" (Gilmour, Patrick Leonard) / "Round and Around" (Gilmour) – 7:28
"A New Machine (Part 1)" (Gilmour) – 1:46
"Terminal Frost" (Gilmour) – 6:17
"A New Machine (Part 2)" (Gilmour) – 0:38
"Sorrow" (Gilmour) – 8:46

Personnel
Pink Floyd
David Gilmour – vocals, guitars, keyboards, sequencers
Nick Mason – drums, percussion, drum machine, sound effects

Additional musicians
Richard Wright – keyboards, backing vocals
Carmine Appice – drums
Sarah Nean Bruce – spherical sound
Ken Caillat – spherical sound
Jon Carin – keyboards
Bob Ezrin – keyboards, percussion, sequencers
Donnie Gerrard – backing vocals
John Helliwell – saxophone (mistakenly credited as "John Halliwell")
Tom Jones – spherical sound
Jim Keltner – drums
Darlene Koldenhaven – backing vocals
Michael Landau – backing guitar
Patrick Leonard – synthesizers
Tony Levin – bass guitar, Chapman Stick
Scott Page – tenor saxophone
Bill Payne – Hammond organ
Tom Scott – alto and soprano saxophones
Phyllis St. James – backing vocals
Carmen Twillie – backing vocals

Production
Andrew Jackson – sound effects
Mastering Lab – mastering
Precision Lacquer – mastering
Phil Taylor – technical and musical instrument supervision

Category:Pink Floyd albums

A Momentary Lapse of Reason


Tetrasulfur tetranitride, also known as tetrasulphur tetranitride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is S4N4. It contains sulfur in its +3 oxidation state. It also contains nitride ions.

Properties
It is a gold solid. It is an explosive, releasing sulfur and nitrogen when detonated. The purer the substance is, the more easily it explodes. It is pale yellow when cold, orange at normal temperature, and red when hot. It reacts with bases. It can be split into disulfur dinitride when it is reacted with silver. It does not dissolve in water.

Preparation
It can be made by reacting disulfur dichloride with ammonia. It can also be made by reacting ammonium chloride with disulfur dichloride.

Uses
It can be used to react with many organic compounds.

Safety
It is an explosive, so it should not be ground. Explosion releases harmless nitrogen and sulfur.

Related pages
Nitrate
Sulfate

Category:Sulfur compounds
Category:Nitrogen compounds

Tetrasulfur tetranitride


Cuges-les-Pins is a commune of 4,708 people (2007). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the south of France.

Category:Communes in Bouches-du-Rhône

Cuges-les-Pins


Kinect is a device that was made by Microsoft for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One. Kinect uses cameras and a special microphone to see and hear Xbox 360 users. The device also uses equations to know what is a person and what is not. It was first shown at E3 in Los Angeles in May of 2009. It has won many awards. Kinect allows a user to move his or her body to control games, movies, and more. People can move their hand to go through menus, or they can use their whole body to control a body in a game. Kinect is special because it is the first way to play games that does not use a controller.

Kinect was released to retail stores in late 2010. The retail price is $149.99 and the Kinect is also optionally bundled with a new Xbox 360 S model that includes a game called Kinect Adventures!. Microsoft has said they will advertise it almost like a new video game console. They want Kinect to increase the time that people make games for Xbox 360 before a new video game console is made. In the future, Microsoft hopes Kinect starts a new idea of people using televisions, computers, and games with their hands and voices. PlayStation Move, which is for the PlayStation 3 console, is Kinect's main competitor.

The Kinect was named the "Fastest selling consumer electronics device" by the Guinness World Records, selling an average of 133,333 kinects per day with a total of 8 million units in its first 60 days.

A new version of the Kinect sensor was released with the Xbox One, which was released on November 22, 2013.

However, on October 2017, Microsoft stopped making Xbox One Kinect devices and the Xbox One Kinect doesn't want to work for Xbox One dashboard anymore, but only works for games.

References

 USPAT 20100225746 REFERENCE IMAGE TECHNIQUES FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL SENSING
 USPAT 20100118123 DEPTH MAPPING USING PROJECTED PATTERNS

Other websites
the Kinect on Xbox.com

Category:Video game technology

Kinect


Öckerö is an urban area in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Öckerö Municipality.

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County

Öckerö


A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". The word is sometimes abbreviated as "con". After a conviction, convicts often become prisoners in a prison. People convicted and sentenced but not sent to prison are not usually called "convicts". An ex-convict (or short: ex-con) is a person who has been let out of prison.

In past centuries many convicts were send to penal colonies.  Many British convicts were sent to the Thirteen Colonies as cheap workers, but that stopped after the War of Independence.  After this, convicts were transported to Australia in 1788, the very start of European settlement. They were used as cheap workers.  Transportation was stopped in 1868. British convicts were also sent to Canada and India.

France also sent convicts to French Guiana and New Caledonia, and Russia sent them to Siberia.

Related pages
 Penal colony
 Prison

References

*

Convict


Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process where a chemical compound reacts with water. This is the type of reaction that is used to break down polymers into many smaller units. In this reaction, water is always added to the chemical compound.

Hydrolysis of metal salts

Hydrolysis of metal salts is more commonly known as hydration.  Many metal ions are strong Lewis acids, and in water they may undergo hydrolysis to form basic salts.  Such salts contain a hydroxyl group that is directly bound to the metal ion in place of a water ligand. The positive charge on metal ions creates an attraction to water, a Lewis base with a non-binding electron pair on the oxygen atom, and alters the water molecule's electron density. This in turn increases the polarity of the O-H bond, which now acts as a proton donor under Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory to release the hydrogen as a H+ ion, increasing the acidity of the solution. For example, aluminium chloride undergoes extensive hydrolysis in water with the solution being very acidic.
[Al(H2O)6]^3+ + H2O <=> [Al(OH)(H2O)5]^2+ + H3O+

This implies that hydrogen chloride is lost in the evaporation of AlCl3 solutions and the residue is a basic salt (in this case an oxychloride) in place of AlCl3. This type of reaction is also seen with other metal chlorides such as ZnCl2, SnCl2, FeCl3 and lanthanide halides such as DyCl3. With some compounds such as TiCl4, the hydrolysis may go to completion and form the pure hydroxide or oxide, in this case TiO2.

References

Category:Chemistry

Hydrolysis


Green Day is an American rock band that formed in 1986. The members of the band are Billie Joe Armstrong (vocals, guitar), Mike Dirnt (bass guitar, vocals), and Tré Cool (drums, percussion), Jason White (guitar/vocals) and Jason Freese (keyboard). Jason Freese only participates in concert tours. Green Day is often celebrated as one of the best punk rock bands currently performing.

At first, Green Day was part of the punk rock culture at 924 Gilman Street in Berkeley, California. Its album Dookie (1994) became a success. Soon, it sold more than ten million copies in the United States alone, and 15 million copies worldwide. The album was well reviewed and the band were praised for its music and sales. Green Day had three more albums after that, Insomniac, Nimrod and Warning. They were still successful albums, reaching double platinum, double platinum, and gold status respectively. However none of these albums sold as well as their third album, Dookie. Green Day's 2004 rock opera American Idiot sold five million copies in the United States.

Green Day has sold over 85 million records worldwide,  32 million  of them in the United States alone. They also have won four Grammy Awards, Best Alternative Album for Dookie, Best Rock Album for American Idiot, Record of the Year for the song "Boulevard of Broken Dreams, Best Rock Album for 21st Century Breakdown and have also been inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame.

Band history

Formation and Lookout years (1987–1993)

In 1987, Lookout! released Green Day's first album 39/Smooth. Green Day recorded two EPs: Slappy and Sweet Children. Lookout! Records released 1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, an album that had the 39/Smooth, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours EPs in it. In late 1990, shortly after the band's first worldwide tour, Sobrante left the band. The Lookouts drummer Tré Cool became a replacement, and then became a permanent replacement because Sobrante did not want to come back. Green Day was on tour for most of 1992 and 1993, and played a lot of shows overseas in Europe. Its second album, Kerplunk, sold about 50,000 copies in the U.S., which was a lot for the punk band in 1992.

Breakthrough success (1994–1996)
Kerplunk's success made major record labels interested in Green Day, and they soon left Lookout! and signed with Reprise Records after getting the attention of producer Rob Cavallo. Signing to Reprise made many punk rock fans think Green Day as sellouts.  After signing with Reprise, the band went to work on making its major label debut, Dookie.

Released in February of 1994, and recorded in 3 weeks, Dookie became a commercial success, making it to MTV for the videos of the songs "Longview", "Basket Case", and "When I Come Around", all of which made it to the number one position on the Modern Rock Tracks charts.

Insomniac was a darker, more punk release for the band than the rocking Dookie. Insomniac earned 4 out of 5 stars from Rolling Stone Magazine, which said "In punk, the good stuff actually unfolds and gains meaning as you listen without sacrificing any of its electric, haywire immediacy. And Green Day are as good as this stuff gets." Insomniac won the band award nominations for Favorite Artist, Favorite Hard Rock Artist, and Favorite Alternative Artist at the 1996 American Music Awards. The video for "Walking Contradiction" got the band a Grammy nomination for Best Video, Short Form, and a Best Special Effects nomination at the MTV Video Music Awards.

In 1995, a new single for the Angus soundtrack was released, titled "J.A.R.". The single went straight to number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. After that, Insomniac, Green Day's new album, was released in the fall of 1995. After that, the band stopped from going on a European tour so they could rest for a while.

Nimrod and Warning (1997–2000)

In 1997, Green Day began to work on a new album. They came up with Nimrod. The new album was released in October 1996. The success of "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" won the band an MTV Video Award for Best Alternative Video.

In 2000, Green Day released Warning, an album that had types of songs that Nimrod did. Though the Warning made the hit "Minority" and a smaller hit with "Warning", some observers thought that the band was losing popularity. Warning was certified gold by the RIAA.

At the 2001 California Music Awards, Green Day won all eight awards that they were nominated for.

American Idiot
In the summer of 2003, the band went into a studio to write and record new songs for a new album titled Cigarettes and Valentines. After making 20 tracks, the master tapes were stolen from the studio. The band was upset and chose not to try to re-create the stolen album, but instead start over with a vow to be even better than before. In this same year, Green Day went with Iggy Pop on two tracks for his album Skull Ring.  They took "band therapy," talking for a long time to work out the members' differences after accusations from Dirnt and Cool that Armstrong was "the band's Nazi" and a show-off bent on taking the limelight from the other band members.

The 2004 album, American Idiot, was number one on the Billboard charts, the band's first ever album to top the chart, even with success of the album's first single, "American Idiot.

Through 2005, the band toured for about 150 days— visiting Japan, Australia, the United States and the UK, where they had a crowd of 130,000 people in only two days. While touring for American Idiot, they filmed and recorded the two concerts at the Milton Keynes National Bowl in England, which was voted 'The Best Show On Earth' in a Kerrang! Magazine Poll.

These recordings were released as a live CD and DVD called Bullet in a Bible on November 15, 2005. The DVD had a behind-the-scenes footage of the band, and showed how the band prepared to put on the show. The final shows of its 2005 world tour were in Sydney, Australia, and Melbourne, Australia, on December 14 and 17. On January 10, 2006 the band was awarded with a People's Choice Award for favorite group.

In 2006, Green Day won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" which spent 16 weeks at the number one position of Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks.

In an interview with Kerrang!, Billie Joe said that 2008 would "be a fair estimate of the release date of their new Untitled Eighth Studio Album." In October 2007, Billie Joe said more on this new album, saying he had been writing new songs on the piano, and had around 45 of them. He said he wanted the new music to dig into what he's feeling during that time - which is middle-aged.

In 2009 Kerrang! named American Idiot the best album of the decade, NME ranked it #60 in a similar list, and Rolling Stone ranked it 22nd.

21st Century Breakdown
In an interview with Kerrang!, Armstrong said that 2009 would "be a fair estimate of the release date of their new untitled eighth studio album for Green Day."  It was revealed that Butch Vig would be producing the upcoming album in an interview with Carson Daly. The gap of nearly five years between their previous album, American Idiot, and their newest release was the longest gap in Green Day's career. While the band had been working on new music since January 2006, by October 2007 Armstrong had written 45 songs, the band showed no further signs of being close to releasing a new album until October 2008, when a video of the group recording with producer Butch Vig in the studio was posted on YouTube.

Their newest album, titled 21st Century Breakdown, was released on May 15, 2009. Called "Green Day at their best" by Seattle Weekly's Krist Novoselic, the album has received mostly positive reviews. Rating website Metacritic reported a rating of 70% as of July 2009, based on 30 reviews. After it was released, 21st Century Breakdown reached #1 on the charts in fourteen different countries.

Music style and influences
Green Day's sound is often compared to first wave punk rock bands such as the Ramones, The Clash, Sex Pistols, The Jam, and the Buzzcocks. Stylistically, the group is characterized as punk rock, pop punk and alternative rock.

Most of their songs are fast and under the average song length of four minutes (4:00), though some of their songs run on longer such as "Jesus of Suburbia" which runs for nine minutes. Billie Joe Armstrong said that some of his biggest influences are alternative rock bands Husker Dü and The Replacements. Armstrong's lyrics mostly describe alienation, hysteria, girls, growing up, and what happens to someone if they take drugs. The Ramones had lyrical themes that were also close to Green Day's lyrics such as hysteria, alienation, girls, and drugs. Green Day has covered Ramones songs a few times, such as recording "Outsider" for the tribute album We're a Happy Family, and performing "Blitzkrieg Bop" and "Teenage Lobotomy" when the Ramones made it into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.

Band members

Current members
Billie Joe Armstrong – vocals, guitar (1986–present)
Mike Dirnt - bass guitar, backing vocals (1986–present)
Tré Cool – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1990–present)
Jason White - lead guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2012–present; touring member 1999–Present)

Former members
John Kiffmeyer – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1987–1990)

Current touring musicians
Jason Freese – keyboards, piano, acoustic guitar, trombone, saxophone, accordion, backing vocals (2004–present)

Former touring musicians
Kurt Lohmiller – trumpet, timpani, percussion, vocals (1999–2004)
Gabrial McNair – trombone, tenor saxophone (1999–2001)
Garth Schultz - trombone, trumpet
Ronnie Blake – trumpet, timpani, percussion, backing vocals (2004–present)
Mike Pelino – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–present)

Session musicians
Rob Cavallo – piano on American Idiot (2004)
Stephen Bradley – trumpet on Warning (2000) and Nimrod (1997)
Petra Haden – violin on Nimrod (1997)
Gabrial McNair – trombone on Nimrod (1997)

Discography

Studio albums
 39/Smooth (1990)
 Kerplunk (1992)
 Dookie (1994)
 Insomniac (1995)
 Nimrod (1997)
 Warning (2000)
 American Idiot (2004)
 21st Century Breakdown (2009)
 ¡Uno! (2012)
 ¡Dos! (2012)
 ¡Tré! (2013)
 Revolution Radio (2016)
 Father of All Motherfuckers (2020)

References

Spitz, Marc. Nobody Likes You: Inside the Turbulent Life, Times, and Music of Green Day. New York: Hyperion, 2006.
The Green Day Story (Broadcast on Radio 1 Mon 20 June 2005) (Different link)

Notes

Other websites

Green Day Official website
Green Day Idiot Club Official fanclub

The Green Day Wiki A Wikia project Green Day wiki.

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Green Day


Love is a mix of feelings and actions that shows a deep liking for someone or something. Romantic love can lead to things such as dating, marriage and sex, but a person can also feel for friends, such as platonic love, or family.
There are also chemical reactions within the brain that can be triggered by the different types of love.

Forms of love
There are many kinds of love. There can be self-love, love towards a friend (such as platonic love), love in romance, towards family, toward God, or towards an object or idea.
One of the most common forms of love is Arely and Elijah’s.
Often love can be confused with other feelings. Being sexually or physically attracted is the feeling of lust. Lust and love may be thought of as different. Normal friendship is a form of love that can be distracted by lust and misunderstanding.

First love
People describe the person that they first loved romantically as their "first love." For example, in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is Juliet's very first love. At that time, she was only 13. In Maria Edgeworth's book Belinda, Mr. Vincent says, "First loves are silly things."

Chemical basis
The biological model of lust is different from love because it is more like hunger or thirst.  Helen Fisher, an expert in the topic of romantic love, divides it into three stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust makes people like each other, attraction encourages people to focus on mating, and attachment helps people tolerate the spouse (or the child).

Lust is the passionate sexual desire that promotes mating. This usually lasts only a few weeks or months. Attraction is more for one person specially. Recent studies in neuroscience say that as people fall in love, the brain releases chemicals, including dopamine. These chemicals make people less hungry and sleepy, and also adds an intense feeling of excitement. Research shows that this stage normally lasts from one and a half to three years.

Since these lust and attraction stages are both described as temporary, a third stage might describe long-term love. Attachment can be used to describe the bonding period that helps keep husband and wife together for many years. Attachment occurs in the longer term.

Love and health
Love has consequences for health and well-being. Joyful activities such as love activate areas in the brain responsible for emotion, attention,
motivation and memory, and it may further lead to reduction of cortisol, which reduces stress. Some people usually do not feel love. They are called alexithymics or aromonatics.

Related pages

Saint Valentine

Notes

Other websites
 A Social Psychological Perspective on Positive Illusions in Romantic Relationships
 The Anatomy of Love, Explanation of Theories of Love

Category:Basic English 850 words
Love
Category:Healthy lifestyle

Love


A VIPoma  (Pronounced "V I P oma") (also called Verner Morrison syndrome after the doctors who first noticed it), is a tumor that does not happen a lot (1 per 10,000,000 per year) in the pancreas. VIPoma makes something called vasoactive intestinal peptide, or VIP.  It can do bad things to the heart, brain, gut, gallbladder, and more.

Treatment
Octreotide (a somatostatin analogue) can be used to help symptoms. Surgery is the only thing that will make it go away completely.

References

Category:Health problems

VIPoma


Northport is a city in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates the population is 21,216. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Category:Cities in Alabama

Northport, Alabama


Vouilly is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Isigny-sur-Mer.

References

Category:Former communes in Calvados

Vouilly


Peter Roman Scholl-Latour (March 9, 1924 – August 16, 2014) was a French-German journalist and publicist. He was born in Bochum, Germany. He was of (partly) Jewish descent (his mother was Jewish).

He was known for his books:
 Der Tod im Reisfeld [Death in the Rice-fields] (1980)
 Allah ist mit den Standhaften [Allah is with the Steadfast] (1983)
 Mord am grossen Fluss [Murder at the Great River] (1986)
 Leben mit Frankreich [Living with France] (1988)
 Afrikanische Totenklage [African Dirge] (2001)

He fought in the First Indochina War.

Scholl-Latour died in Rhöndorf, Germany, aged 90.

References

Other websites

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Peter Scholl-Latour


Elisabeth "Betsy" DeVos (née Prince; born January 8, 1958) is an American billionaire businesswoman, philanthropist, and education activist from Michigan. She is the 11th and current United States Secretary of Education since February 7, 2017. DeVos is known for her advocacy of school choice and voucher programs.

On November 23, 2016, it was announced that DeVos would be nominated to serve as Secretary of Education in the coming administration of President-elect Donald Trump. On February 7, 2017, she was confirmed by the United States Senate by a 50-50 vote with Vice President Mike Pence breaking the tie in her favor.

Early life
DeVos was born Elisabeth Prince on January 8, 1958 in Holland, Michigan. She was educated at the Holland Christian High School, a private school in her home town of Holland, Michigan. She graduated from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she earned a bachelor's degree in business administration and political science.

Business career
DeVos is chairwoman of the Windquest Group, a privately held operating group that invests in technology, manufacturing, and clean energy. DeVos and her husband founded it in 1989.

Political activity
Since 1982, DeVos has participated in the Michigan Republican Party. She served as a local precinct delegate. She was a Republican National Committeewoman for Michigan between 1992 and 1997, and served as chairwoman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1996 to 2000. DeVos resigned the position in 2000. She said in 2000, "It is clear I have never been a rubber stamp... I have been a fighter for the grassroots, and following is admittedly not my strong suit."

In 2003, DeVos ran again for party chairman and was elected to the post without opposition.

United States Secretary of Education
On November 23, 2016, it was announced that DeVos was President-elect Trump's choice to be the next United States Secretary of Education. Upon her nomination, DeVos said "I am honored to work with the President-elect on his vision to make American education great again. The status quo in ed is not acceptable".

Former presidential candidates Jeb Bush, Mitt Romney, and Carly Fiorina respectively called DeVos an "outstanding pick", a "smart choice", and the "transformative leader our students need". Republican Senator Ben Sasse said DeVos "has made a career out of standing up to powerful and connected special interests on behalf of poor kids who are too often forgotten by Washington." In an opinion editorial, The Chicago Tribune wrote that "DeVos has helped lead the national battle to expand education opportunities for children."

The confirmation hearing for DeVos was initially scheduled for January 10, 2017, but was delayed for one week after the Office of Government Ethics requested more time to review her financial disclosures. The confirmation hearing was later held on January 17.

On February 7, 2017, DeVos was confirmed by the Senate by a 51–50 margin, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking the tie in favor of DeVos's nomination; it was the first time a Vice President had done so for the appointment of a cabinet nominee.

Betsy DeVos and her family spend millions promoting education privatization schemes. Long before she is Secretary of Education, Betsy DeVos uses her family’s wealth to privatize public schools. She funds politicians who support voucher schemes.DeVos barely wins confirmation. Despite 1.1 million letters and 80,000 phone calls from NEA supporters urging senators to vote no, the U.S. Senate confirms DeVos. Vice President Mike Pence casts the deciding vote, the first time in the nation’s history a vice president’s vote was necessary to approve a cabinet nominee.

Personal life
DeVos is married to businessman and millionaire Dick DeVos. Together, they have four children and one grandchild. DeVos' father-in-law, Richard DeVos is the current owner of the Orlando Magic.

References

Other websites

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Betsy DeVos


George Siao Kian Ty ( 18 October 1932 – 23 November 2018) was a Filipino banker and business magnate. He founded Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company. He was born in Hong Kong. Ty had a net worth of $2.5 billion (September 2018).

Ty died on 23 November 2018 in Manila, Philippines from pancreatic cancer at the age of 86.

References

Category:1932 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Category:Business people
Category:People from Manila

George Ty


Christian Lous Lange (September 17, 1869 – December 11, 1938) was a Norwegian historian, teacher, and political scientist. He was one of the world's foremost exponents of the theory and practice of internationalism.

Lange was born in Stavanger, Norway on September 17, 1869. His father was a military engineer. He graduated from secondary school in 1887 and later went to travel and study history, English, and French at the University of Oslo in Oslo, Norway. He received the cand. philol. degree in 1893. He taught at secondary schools for many years and eventually returned to the University of Oslo to receive a doctorate.

His support of internationalism was demonstrated by the first of a three volume historical treatise (Histoire de l'internationalisme). The work, published in 1919, was said to contribute to the ideological preparation for the League of Nations. For this and all his other activities, Lange shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Hjalmar Branting in 1921.

Lange died on December 11, 1938 in Oslo, Norway from an illness, aged 69.

References

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Christian Lous Lange


Mühlehorn is a former municipality of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municpalities of Mühlehorn, Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, Näfels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden merged into the new municipality of Glarus Nord.

Other websites

Official website of Mühlehorn

Category:Former municipalities of Glarus
Category:2011 disestablishments in Switzerland

Mühlehorn


Lamayou is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Lamayou

Lamayou


Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario. It was on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior.  It amalgamated with Port Arthur and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the city of Thunder Bay in January 1970. Ever since then it has been the largest city in Northwestern Ontario.

References

 Morrison, Jean F. Superior rendez-vous place : Fort William in the Canadian fur trade. Toronto : Natural Heritage Books, 2007. 1st ed. appeared in 2001.

 Morrison, Jean F., ed. Lake Superior to Rainy River : three centuries of fur trade history : a collection of writings. Thunder Bay, Ont. : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 2003.

Thunder Bay from rivalry to unity / edited by Thorold J. Tronrud and A. Ernest Epp. Thunder Bay : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1995.

Category:Former cities in Canada
Category:Thunder Bay

Fort William, Ontario


Pope Lando (913-14) (; died 914) was the 122nd Pope from July or August in 913 until February or March in 914.

History
Little is known about the short period during which Pope Lando was the head of the church.

Legacy
Lando was to be the last pope with a name that was completely unique until Pope Francis's election. Since then, there has not been another pope with the name Lando.

Until Pope John Paul I in 1978, Pope Lando was the last pope to use a papal name which had not been used by an earlier pope.

References

Other websites

  Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence

Category:Italian popes
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:910s deaths

Pope Lando


Kranji MRT station (NS7) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Sungei Kadut, Singapore.

History
Kranji station was not included in the North South Line Woodlands Extension when it was proposed in 1990. It was later included as a temporary station that will be built at a later stage.

Kranji station was eventually built to serve the Singapore Turf Club. This station also serves as a key transfer point for passengers that are going to Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations

Kranji MRT station


Bobital (, Gallo: Bobitau) is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

Category:Communes in Côtes-d'Armor

Bobital


Hatebreed is a Hardcore punk band from Wallingford, Connecticut. Hatebreed was formed in 1994. They have toured with bands such as Slayer, Deftones, Slipknot and Mastodon. They also played the main stage at Ozzfest 2006 alongside bands such as DragonForce, Lacuna Coil, Avenged Sevenfold, Disturbed, and the co-headliners System of a Down.

Members

Current
 Jamey Jasta (vocals)
 Chris Beattie (bass guitar)
 Wayne Lozinak (guitar)
 Matt Byrne (drums)
 Frank Novinec (guitar)

Discography

Albums
 Satisfaction Is the Death of Desire (1997)
 Perseverance (2002)
 The Rise of Brutality (2003)
 Supremacy (2006)
 For the Lions (2009)
 Hatebreed (2009)
 The Divinity of Purpose (2013)

Other websites
Hatebreed's Official website

Category:American heavy metal bands
Category:Metalcore bands

Hatebreed


La Cauchie is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

La Cauchie


Brune Poirson (born 1 September 1982) is an American-born French politician. He was Secretary of State to the Minister for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition since 2017.

On March 14, 2020 Poirson was the second French government official to test positive for COVID-19.

References

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:French politicians
Category:Politicians from Washington, D.C.

Brune Poirson


David C. Benton (Born October 29, 1957) is a British nurse and former chief executive officer of International Council of Nurses. He served in this capacity between 2008 to 2015. He took over from Judith Oulton and before his appointment, he was a senior consultant in the same organisation.
He is a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and Royal College of Nursing.

References

Category:1957 births
Category:British people

David Benton


Crossroads (later known as Crossroads Motel) is  a British television soap opera. It was shown on ITV. It began in 1964 and finished in 1988. There was a revival from 2001 to 2003.

Crossroads was set in a fictional motel in the Midlands. Crossroads was later called a hotel. The show became a byword for cheap production values. Despite this, the series regularly attracted huge audiences. It had as many as 15 million viewers.

It was created by Hazel Adair and Peter Ling and produced by ATV. In 1981, Central Independent Television took over ATV's broadcast licence and continued the programme until it was cancelled in 1988. In 2001, the series was revived by Carlton Television. It was cancelled again in 2003.

Storylines

1964–1988
The original idea of Crossroads was based around two feuding sisters, Kitty Jarvis, played by Beryl Johnstone, and Meg Richardson, played by Noele Gordon. Meg is a wealthy woman. She had her late husband Charles' insurance money, and compensation money from the council. The compensation was for them building a motorway through her land. Meg used her money to turn her large Georgian house into a motel.

"The Crossroads Motel" was located near the fictional small village of King's Oak. This was on the edge of Birmingham. Meg had two children. A girl named Jill, played by Jane Rossington), born in 1946, and a boy Alexander, born in 1950. Alexander was called "Sandy" and played by Roger Tonge.

The other sister, Kitty, is married to the unemployed Dick played by Brian Kent. She is not wealthy. Dick and Kitty bought a newsagents and tobacconists shop in the nearby town of Heathbury a few years after the show started. Kitty and Dick had a son called Brian, played by David Fennell, born in 1945. The story idea of the sisters feuding was dropped early in the series.

Characters in the show's early years included Meg and Kitty's brother, Andy Fraser, played by Ian Patterson. In 1965, Andy marries motel secretary Ruth Bailey, played by Pamela Greenhall. Other characters in the first series include
 the hotel chef Carlos Raphael, played by Anthony Morton
 his wife Josefina, played by Gillian Betts
 waitress Marilyn Gates, played by Sue Nicholls and later played by Nadine Hanwell
 kitchen assistant Amy Turtle, played by Ann George
 postmistress Edith Tatum, played by Elisabeth Croft
 motel handyman Philip Winter, played by Malcolm Young

Amy was briefly arrested as a suspected Soviet spy.

In 1966, long running character Diane Lawton, played by Susan Hanson arrived. Other additions included
 Meg's close friend andformer actress, Tish Hope, played by Joy Andrews
 manager and later motel director, David Hunter, played by Ronald Allen
 David's first wife Rosemary, played by Janet Hargreaves
 their son Chris, played by Freddy Foote and later by Stephen Hoye
 David's second wife Barbara, played by Sue Lloyd
 chef Gerald Lovejoy, played by William Avenell
 chef Bernard Booth, played by David Lawton
 chef Shughie McFee, played by Angus Lennie
 hairdresser Vera Downend, played by Zeph Gladstone
 accountant and later motel manager Adam Chance, played by Tony Adams
 cleaner Doris Luke, played by Kathy Staff

Perhaps the most memorable character was the "village idiot" Benny Hawkins, played by Paul Henry. His trademark was a woolly hat that he wore all the time. His fans included British troops serving in the Falklands War. In 1982, they nicknamed the Falkland Islanders "Bennies" after the character. Instructed to stop using the name, the troops came up with "Stills" for locals - because they were "still Bennies".

The series had storylines which were controversial at the time. These include
 A single parent working at the motel.
 The first paraplegic regular character portrayed in British soap opera. Sandy Richardson was injured in a car accident in 1972 and needed to use a wheelchair,

The series also saw black characters appearing regularly. This followed from the 1960s BBC soap Compact. This was also created by Hazel Adair and Peter Ling. Melanie Harper, played by Cleo Sylvestre, arrived at the motel in 1970 as Meg's foster daughter. Sylvestre was given the role by producer Reg Watson after press coverage of racial tensions in Birmingham.
In 1977, an interracial summer romance took place between Cockney garage mechanic Dennis Harper, played by Guy Ward, and motel receptionist Meena Chaudri, played by Karen David.
In 1978, garage mechanic Joe MacDonald, played by Carl Andrews, arrived.

In 1981, a storyline about a false accusation of rape.
In 1983, a storyline about a test tube baby born to Glenda and Kevin Banks, played by Lynette McMorrough and David Moran.
In 1983, the subject of Down syndrome was also raised when a little girl was befriended by three of the regular characters.

The character of Meg Mortimer was axed in 1981. She was thought to have died in a motel fire. Later she turned up alive aboard the QE2, about to sail to a new life overseas. Newspapers reported that two endings were planned for Meg. She would either die in the fire or disappear and turn up on the QE2. Viewers were surprised to see producers had used both. Meg returned briefly in 1983 for a reunion with Jill and Adam on their honeymoon in Venice.

In 1985, new producer Phillip Bowman was planning to bring the character of Meg Mortimer back into the show as a "permanent occasional." Plans were well advanced when Noele Gordon died in April of that year, aged 65. Edward Clayton was brought back as Jill's ex-husband Stan Harvey to read the lines originally written for Gordon.

In 1986, the new character Ray Grice played by Al Hunter Ashton was introduced as part of an attempt to create wider storylines.

2001–2003
In 2001, the show was revived. Changes were made to characters and stories. Jill Chance had married John Maddingham, played by Jeremy Nicholas. She had been widowed and was calling herself Jill Harvey again. This had been her name before her marriage to Adam Chance in 1983. References were also made to the Russell family taking over a "failing motel", despite Crossroads having become a hotel in the late 1980s. In the final episode of the original series, the name 'King's Oak Country Hotel' was seen over the entrance doors.

Lack of real links to the past, and the killing of Jill a few months into the new run, turned many fans away. Popular characters in the new Crossroads included new owner Kate Russell, played by Jane Gurnett. Receptionist Virginia Raven, played by Sherrie Hewson, and womanising deputy manager Jake Booth, played by Colin Wells. The storyline of the final episode was the revelation that the revived series and glamorous hotel had been a dream of supermarket worker and Crossroads fan Angela, with all the other characters revealed as shoppers. Angela even approaches a female customer in the supermarket and tells her she recognises her as "Tracey Booth from Crossroads". Tracey's mother-in-law, Kate, was also shown as one of Angela's colleagues in the supermarket.

Characters

Production history

Original start dates
 2 November 1964: ATV, Border Television and Ulster Television
 4 January 1965: Anglia, Associated Rediffusion, Grampian Television, TWW, Southern Television,  Westward Television and Channel Television.
 11 January 1965: Tyne Tees, but the series was dropped and then picked up again several times until January 1972.
 29 March 1965: Scottish Television.
 5 November 1968: Yorkshire Television, but also dropped the series for a short period, until January 1972.
 11 September 1972: Granada.

ATV era
Crossroads began its run on Monday 2 November 1964. It was shown five days a week. The episodes were recorded "as live", a common practice at the time, with few opportunities for retakes. Within a few months, 10 of the ITV companies had started broadcasting the series. Granada never screened it during the 1960s. The Independent Television Authority (ITA) decreed in 1967 that Crossroads should be reduced to four episodes per week to improve its quality.
The series was no longer networked and each ITV station broadcast the show on different days.

The series was widely derided by critics who criticised the wobbly sets and fluffed lines, but gained many fans. Prime Minister Harold Wilson's wife Mary complained when the newly formed Thames Television decided to stop showing it in 1968. The decision proved unpopular with viewers and was reversed six months later. As a result of the gap in transmission, viewers in the Thames region were six months behind the rest of the country for several years. In 1972, Granada became the last ITV company to show Crossroads. By the early 1970s it was second only to Coronation Street in the ratings. In the mid-1970s it beat Coronation Street gaining audiences of up to 15 million viewers.

From April 1980, the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), commercial television's regulator, decided production should be reduced further to three episodes a week. The chairman of the IBA Lady Plowden described the soap opera as "distressingly popular".
ATV planned to replace the fourth episode with a spin-off series called A Family Affair but this idea was dropped. Series star Noele Gordon, who played Meg Richardson, regularly won the TV Times Most Popular Female Personality viewers award during the 1970s.

Viewers reacted negatively at the dismissal of Gordon in 1981, an action taken by head of programming Charles Denton. He became a "national hate figure".
The series producer Jack Barton agreed with Denton that Gordon's character had become too dominant.

Why Gordon was sacked remains a mystery to TV historians as she was the most popular character on the soap and no real reason was given other than that producers felt it was time for a change. The actress herself was terribly upset by the decision. She was the only cast member on a permanent contract. She had been misled that the meeting where she was dismissed was to be the annual negotiation for the next years contract. In interviews she made it clear that she did not want to go. There is debate about the reason for her dismissal. Some people have said that Gordon's attitude within the company had upset some executives and they simply wanted rid of her. Gordon was very passionate about the soap and would regularly defend it against the many critics. Others believe that ITV found Crossroads an embarrassment and wanted to find a way of decreasing the viewing figures by sacking Gordon. She was the biggest audience draw. With fewer viewers it could be justified to axe it. Whatever the reason, the series never recovered from her loss.

Central era

ATV lost its ITV franchise at the end of 1981. It was ordered by the IBA to reform into Central Independent Television. It took over the franchise on 1 January 1982. It was thought to have little enthusiasm for the programmes it inherited.
Further changes were introduced in March 1985, when new filming locations, sets and characters were introduced. Many storylines were about the new motel owner, Nicola Freeman, played by Gabrielle Drake. Long-term characters, such as David and Barbara Hunter, were axed. The theme tune was updated and the opening titles replaced with a longer version. Finally, the show was renamed Crossroads Motel with the word "Motel" added in the opening titles. The closing titles, which had scrolled in multiple 'crossroad' directions since the start, were replaced with conventional scrolling credits.

In 1986, a new producer, William Smethurst, took over the series following the sacking of his predecessor, Philip Bowman. Smethurst had been brought in by Central Television's new head of drama, Ted Childs. He ordered changes, creating a wittier serial and improving the production values of the show. Smethurst shifted the story to the nearby village of King's Oak. Yet more long-running characters, such as Diane Hunter and Benny Hawkins, were dropped. This was unpopular with viewers, who telephoned Central in protest.

Further changes included the series being renamed Crossroads Kings Oak for a time, with the intention in the future of shortening this to King's Oak. This final change was overtaken by the decision in June 1987 by Andy Allen, Central's director of programmes, to axe the series. The familiar theme tune was replaced in September 1987 by a new theme composed by Max Early and Raf Ravenscroft. New titles were introduced to accompany the new theme, which featured stills of King's Oak and the new King's Oak Country Hotel. Michele Buck guided the show through its final few months on air as series producer, with William Smethurst still on hand as executive producer.

In January 1988, the series was reduced to only two episodes a week, with Crossroads King's Oak finally coming to an end on 4 April 1988 (the Easter bank holiday). The last, extended episode saw the character of Jill (Jane Rossington) riding off with her lover, John Maddingham (Jeremy Nicholas). Asked what name she would give the hotel she would be running in her new life, the character remarked, a little sadly, "I always thought Crossroads was an awfully good name".

Carlton era

In 1994, Carlton Television bought Central Television.
In April 2000, Carlton announced that they would be reviving Crossroads for the daytime slot on ITV. The first episode was shown on 5 March 2001. The revived series was sponsored by washing detergent Surf and was broadcast each weekday at 1.30pm and 5.05pm on ITV, with a Sunday omnibus on ITV2. The revived series was also broadcast in Ireland on RTÉ One and in New Zealand on TV One.

Four characters from the original series returned: Doris Luke (Kathy Staff), Jill Harvey (née Richardson), Jill's ex-husband Adam Chance (Tony Adams), and Jill's daughter Sarah-Jane Harvey (Joanne Farrell/Holly Newman). Initial reactions were favourable. However, changes in the story from the original puzzled fans and did not help ratings. Kathy Staff left in dismay at the amount of sex. She told ITV Teletext she felt it was no longer the family-friendly show she had originally been part of.

The story where original character Adam Chance murders ex-wife Jill Harvey three months into the new series' was unpopular with fans. Jane Rossington said she did not want to commit herself to another long run in the show, but warned Carlton it would be suicidal to kill Jill.

Episode 137 of the second revived series remains the only episode never to be shown in full on ITV. The lunchtime screening on Tuesday 11 September 2001 began at 14:10 BST. At the halfway commercial-break point however, the programme was interrupted to hand over to ITV News for then very sketchy details of the 9/11 attacks in New York City, USA. As the afternoon went on and the seriousness of the situation became clear, all ITV Network daytime programmes, starting with CITV transmissions at 15:15, were relegated to ITV2 to continue rolling news coverage. The semi-dropped episode was therefore transmitted in full on ITV2 at 17:30 BST. However, at the time, the channel was only available to a small number of viewers able to view the subscription-based ITV Digital, Telewest or NTL. As a result, the episode remains unseen by most of the programme's regular fanbase, including the entire Channel Islands who could not receive ITV Digital. A short re-cap of events in Episode 137 was screened before both the 14:10 and 17:05 showings of Episode 138 on 12 September 2001. The episode was included in the Omnibus edition that Sunday. This also only was shown on ITV2.

The series was reduced to four episodes a week from November 2001 until January 2002.

The series paused in August 2002. In January 2003, a changed series, under producer Yvon Grace, reappeared. It seemed to be a self-consciously camp parody, with Jane Asher playing a new central character - the glamorous and bitchy Angel Samson. The series also had appearances from Kate O'Mara, and people associated with light entertainment, such as Lionel Blair, Les Dennis and Tim Brooke-Taylor. The revived series also launched the careers of Freema Agyeman (Doctor Who, Law & Order: UK), Luke Roberts (Holby City and Mile High), Lucy Pargeter, Shauna Shim and Jessica Fox.

Yvon Grace admitted she was aiming the new Crossroads towards the LGBT TV audience.
Plans were in place to bring Adam Chance back on a three-month contract in a last attempt to bring in more viewers; actor Tony Adams said that a down-on-his luck Adam would have been taken under Angel's wing as her personal assistant.

With ratings continuing to decline, the revived series was axed in March 2003. The final episode was shown on Friday 30 May 2003.

The 2003 series was criticised by fans who felt the series had moved away from the 1964-88 series and the 2001-02 series, as well as being "too gay".

Theme tune
The Crossroads theme tune was composed by Tony Hatch. In 2004 Hatch said:

A selection of cues were recorded, including Meg's Theme which eventually became the standard opening theme, Kitty's Theme which was phased out as action focussed on the motel, the closing theme which combined both Meg's and Kitty's themes,  and a variety of background pieces.

A rerecording by The Tony Hatch Sound was issued as a single by Pye Records in 1965. A special arrangement of the theme by Paul McCartney and Wings, was also used from the late seventies, usually when an episode ended with a dramatic event. Central Independent Television's head of music Johnny Patrick rearranged the tune in 1985 for piano and synthesiser, upon the show's relaunch as Crossroads Motel by producer Philip Bowman. Following William Smethurst's arrival as producer in 1987, this recording was overdubbed with added synthesisers.

An entirely new theme aired in late 1987 when the series was relaunched as Crossroads, Kings Oak, composed by Johnny Patrick, with Raf Ravenscroft and Max Early, with the CBSO. This later formed the basis of the single released by actress Shona Linsdey, "Goodbye", to commemorate the end of the show in 1988.

The 2001 revival brought back the original Tony Hatch theme, this time arranged and performed by TV theme composer Tony Flynn. Another version, in 2003, was arranged by Patrick Dineen and performed by the Liverpool Philharmonic.

Locations
The fictional Crossroads Motel was in a fictional village near Birmingham called Kings Oak. There are real suburbs in south-west Birmingham called Kings Heath, Kings Norton and Selly Oak). A number of real-life hotels doubled for location filming. The 1982 Crossroads Special said that the Longshoot Motel in Nuneaton) was used in designing the motel. It is likely that some scenes were filmed there.

In 1970, the series gained an O.B unit, giving it the freedom to do location shooting. Originally, Tanworth-in-Arden was used for King's Oak. Outside scenes were only occasionally used. From 1981 more location filming was used. Some early King's Oak location material was also filmed in Wolverhampton.

The most famous location, seen in the programme during the 1960s and 1970s, was not a motel. It was the Shropshire Agricultural Institution, now called North Shropshire College. In October 2019 two of the buildings used during filming, a teaching block and Bridden accommodation block were demolished.

It has been suggested that Crossroads was filmed at a 1960s motel on Stratford Road in Alcester Warwickshire. It was called CherryTrees. The buildings were demolished in 2001. A nearby petrol station, since closed, was used in the early 1980s to film a couple of outdoor scenes of the Crossroads garage.

In 1982, the fictional motel was destroyed by fire. The revamped motel was filmed at the Golden Valley Hotel (now Jurys Inn) in Cheltenham.

From 1985 filming moved to the Penns Hall Hotel (now Ramada Jarvis Birmingham) in Sutton Coldfield. The changed appearance was explained as being due to rebuilding. New studio sets were also introduced.

Other locations included the canal (including Gas Street Basin) behind the studios in Birmingham. in the story this was the King's Oak Canal, on which Vera had a barge. The Chateau Impney Hotel, called the Droitwich Hotel in the story, was also used. In 1983, St Laurence's Church in Alvechurch was the setting for Jill and Adam Chance's wedding. Hagley Hall was used for the wedding reception. Helios Health Club in Brierley Hill was used as the location for the Motel Health Club. It was filmed on Mondays when the health club was closed.

In 1985, Crossroads gained its first set of full length opening titles, filmed around Sutton Coldfield, Tanworth-in-Arden and in Birmingham city centre.

The revived Crossroads from 2001 was still set in the West Midlands. Exterior shots were filmed at locations in and around Nottingham, such as Bingham and Redmile.

The original series was recorded at ATV's/Central's Broad Street studios in Birmingham, while the revived series was filmed at Carlton Studios in Nottingham.

Critical reception
Despite the popularity of Crossroads with the viewing public, the show was often criticised by TV reviewers and ridiculed by British comedians. Television historian Hilary Kingsley stated that Crossroads never failed "to provide its critics with ammunition. Some of the acting would have disgraced the humblest of village halls; many of the plots were so farcical they could have been written in a bad dream, and much of the dialogue was pathetic." The Guinness Book of Classic British TV noted that "Crossroads was the series that no-one seemed to love. Yet at its peak, it was watched by more viewers than any other soap except Coronation Street."

The revived series also received mixed reviews from critics.

Acorn Antiques
Spoof soap opera Acorn Antiques, created by comedian Victoria Wood as part of Victoria Wood As Seen On TV, is a deliberate parody of Crossroads. The final episode of As Seen on TV in 1987 features a hoax documentary, 'The Making of Acorn Antiques', in which the actress playing Mrs Overall (Julie Walters) - a character based on Crossroads characters Amy Turtle and Mavis Hooper - is revealed as a rather grand character who considers herself a huge star. This portrayal, plus a later pretend news item in which it is revealed she has been sacked from the show, both suggest the actress character (later given the name Bo Beaumont in the musical based on the sketches) is based on Noele Gordon, with Bo making her 'goodbye' appearance to the press in headscarf and large sunglasses and making a dramatic speech, just as Gordon did.

DVD release
In 2005, Network DVD issued four volumes of the series on DVD (UK Region 2). Each volume has 12 of the original ATV episodes. The first volume includes Meg's 1975 wedding, the highest rated episode.

In February 2007, Crossroads Volume 3 was released. There are two versions of the DVD, one being a special limited edition, which contains an extra third disc - featuring recently found episodes from 1976.

In September 2007, Crossroads Volume 4 was released.

In 2008, Network DVD started to release all the surviving episodes in transmission order through its website. The first set of 16 episodes was released in January 2008 and contained some episodes not available on earlier DVD releases.
There are 1,700 episodes of Crossroads in existence; most of these are from Central Television's run of the show from 1982 to 1988.

A black and white Crossroads Archive Volume 1.1 has also been released, containing the episode from April 1965, along with 2 further episodes, numbered 1884 and 1886 from March 1973. These were both originally made in colour but now survive only as black and white telerecordings.

On 2 November 2009, to coincide with the show's 45th anniversary, Network DVD re-released 21 volumes in a 41-disc box-set. Susan Hanson, who played Diane Hunter, appeared on The Alan Titchmarsh Show and Loose Women on 6 and 13 November 2009 respectively, to promote the box-set.

Repeats
From 1996 until 2001, episodes of the original series were repeated on UKTV channel UK Gold.

From February to September 2015, the original series aired on Big Centre TV on Freeview channel 8 in the Midlands or available online live at 9.00pm each evening Monday to Saturday, which could also be watched free on their catchup service.

Spin-offs

Comic strip
Crossroads was adapted into a weekly comic strip in 1972 by Dutch comics artist Alfred Mazure, published in TVTimes.

References

Other websites
Crossroads Appreciation Society Unofficial fan club's tribute website, website has been down for 6 months
Crossroads 2001 All about the second series of ITV's hotel soap opera.
Destination Crossroads Views and opinions on all three series of the soap.

Planet Crossroads fan site
Freema Agyeman as Lola Wise in Crossroads III 2003
 Crossroads facts and memories Features about Crossroads

Category:2003 British television series endings

Crossroads (British TV series)


Andrew Stuart McLean, OC (April 19, 1948 – February 15, 2017) was a Canadian radio broadcaster, humorist, monologist, and author. He was best known as the host of the CBC Radio program The Vinyl Cafe.

He was often called as a "story-telling comic". He had written many serious stories. He was known for his voice and his ability to change his popular stories to make them different on every show.

McLean was diagnosed with melanoma in November 2015. He died on February 15, 2017 from the disease in Toronto, aged 68.

References

Category:1948 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from melanoma
Category:Cancer deaths in Ontario
Category:Canadian radio personalities
Category:Canadian comedians
Category:Writers from Quebec

Stuart McLean


Winchester College football, also known as Wincofo or winkies, is a style of football, the game also called soccer, that is played at Winchester College in England during the spring term.  The Winchester students call this period "common time."  It was originally played during the autumn term, or "short half."  It is very similar to games played at other public schools such as Eton's wall game and Harrow game. The school is located in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England.

History
This game was originally played down Kingsgate Street, a long street that runs parallel to the college. However, there were very few rules. The only thing that has not changed is that the canvas (the pitch or field the game is played on) has the same measurements as the part of the street the original version of the game was played on.

Nobody knows when the game was moved. It was moved away from the town to the grassland at the top of St. Catherine's Hill. To stop the ball from going into the canal below, the players used junior men from the college to go fetch it when it was not caught by the players. In the current version of the game, there are still classmates used as watchers who catch stray balls.  However, there were problems with this. The biggest is the lines of watchers were depleted due to players being too enthusiastic and colliding with each other, causing injuries.  So they introduced ropes to mark out the border of the playing field. These are now a core part of the game.

Category:Football in England
Category:Winchester

Winchester College football


Krems an der Donau () is a city in Austria. It is also a district of Lower Austria. As of 1 January 2019, 24,876 people lived there.

Other websites

 Official website

Category:Cities and towns in Lower Austria
Category:Districts of Lower Austria

Krems an der Donau


Toivakka is a municipality in Central Finland. It had almost 2,050 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Hankasalmi, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Laukaa and Muurame.

Some villages
Haukanmaa, Huikko, Humalamäki, Kankainen, Nisula, Paloskylä, Ruuhimäki, Taka-Toivakka, Vihijärvi and Viisarimäki.

Other websites

 The official page

Category:Municipalities of Finland

Toivakka


Saint-Trinit is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

Category:Communes in Vaucluse

Saint-Trinit


Falcons are small to medium-sized birds of prey and are related to hawks, eagles, and vultures. They usually have pointed wings and long tails.

Most falcons eat small mammals that they hunt using eyesight, although some species hunt other birds, which they take in flight. Like hawks, most falcons have dark gray or brown backs and wings, with white undersides.

The peregrine falcon is found over most of the world and is famous for hunting birds by diving down on them at 320 km/h (200 mi/h). It was nearly wiped out in North America by the use of pesticides, but has since made a recovery.

In some countries falcons are used in falconry. This means people catch the birds and make them hunt for them. Long ago this was a way for people to get more food but today it is a sport.

Winter larder
On the Moroccan island of Mogador, falcons seem to imprison small birds by trapping them in crevasses, presumably saving them to eat later.

Mogador has the ruins of a fortress, a mosque and a prison. Today the island is a nature reserve, where Eleonora’s falcons nest among the ruins. They hunt migrating warblers, hoopoes and other birds. Researchers came across small birds trapped in deep cavities, their flight and tail feathers removed. The birds were unable to move their wings or use their dangling legs.

Eleonora’s falcons have been seen building up larders of up to 20 dead birds during migration season, when prey is plentiful. But "storing snacks that are still alive could be a unique behaviour" said an expert.

References

Category:Falconiformes

kk:Сокол (Силистра облысы)

Falcon


Marathi () is the language spoken in Maharashtra, India. It is also Maharashtra's official language. The written script is Devanāgarī.

People living in Maharashtra and parts of neighboring states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Chattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh, union-territories of Daman-diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli speak Marathi.

References

Other websites

 Marathi News
 MarathiMati.net - Marathi Language Web Portal

Category:Indo-Aryan languages
Category:Languages of India

Marathi language


Hattian District () is part of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.

Category:Districts of Pakistan

Hattian Bala District


Afton is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Category:Towns in Oklahoma

Afton, Oklahoma


Santa Fe () is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population of Santa Fe at the 2010 census was 12,222.

References

Category:Cities in Texas

Santa Fe, Texas


City (formerly called Citytv) is a Canadian English language television system owned by Rogers.

Citytv Stations
CKVU Vancouver, British Columbia

CITY Toronto, Ontario

Other websites

Citytv
CityNews

Category:Television stations
Category:1972 establishments in Canada

Citytv


The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a 20-year military campaign. Pope Innocent III started it to eliminate the Cathar heresy in Languedoc and make the Roman Catholic Church supreme there again. The nobles of the Kingdom of France did most of the fighting, and it resulted in a reduction in the number of practicing Cathars. It also resulted in a realignment of Occitania, bringing it into the sphere of the French crown.

References

Category:Crusades
Category:1209
Category:1210s
Category:1220s
Category:13th century in Europe
Category:History of France

Albigensian Crusade


Alfredo Félix Alcón (; 3 March 1930 – 11 April 2014) was an Argentine theatre and movie actor. Alcón born in Buenos Aires. Widely considered one of the best, one of the most important and most acclaimed Argentine actors.

He worked in more than 50 movies. His first movie was, El amor nunca muere (Love Never Dies), in 1955.

He died in Buenos Aires at the age of 84 from a respiratory illness.

References

Other websites

Category:1930 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Argentine actors
Category:People from Buenos Aires

Alfredo Alcón


Matti Taneli Vanhanen () (born 4 November 1955) is a Finnish politician. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 2003 to 2010. He was also Chairman of the Centre Party, and in the second half of 2006 he was President of the European Council. In June 2019, he became Speaker of the Parliament of Finland.

References

Category:1955 births
Category:Living people
Category:Speakers of the Parliament of Finland
Category:Prime Ministers of Finland

Matti Vanhanen


Arbore is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania.

Arbore

Arbore


Tughril Beg was the Turkomanfounder of the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063. Tughril united the Turkmen warriors of the Great Eurasian Steppes into a confederacy of tribes, who traced their ancestry to a single ancestor named Seljuq, and led them in conquest of eastern Iran. Wikipedia

Tugrul


Lara Flynn Boyle (born March 24, 1970 in Davenport, Iowa) is an American movie and television actress. She is known for many movie roles. She is best known for her roles in television programs. Her television work includes The Practice and Twin Peaks.

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Lara Flynn Boyle


Berwick-upon-Tweed is a town in Northumberland, United Kingdom. It is the most northerly town in England, and is just 2.5 miles from Scotland. It has around 11,665 people in it.

Berwick was once a Scottish town, and gave its name to Berwickshire. Often Berwick was captured by English armies and later taken back the Scottish armies.  In the fifteenth century the English took Berwick and never lost it again.  Many people who live in Berwick, or who visit Berwick because it is their local large market town are Scottish.

This also used to be a very large port. It was an important commercial town that used to be marked in bold on the maps.

Category:Towns in Northumberland
*

Berwick-upon-Tweed


Entrapment is inducement to commit a crime, especially by authorities, to get a conviction. The implication is that the person might otherwise have been unlikely to commit the crime. In some countries, entrapment is a possible defence against criminal liability.

Another similar term is agent provocateur, an older French term for the person who does the inducing.

A sting operation is a more sophisticated way to trap criminals. It usually involves leaving a bait, and filming or catching whoever takes the bait.

References

Category:Ethics
Category:Law
Category:Types of crime

Entrapment


The Star Chamber is a 1983 American legal crime drama thriller movie. The story is about law conditions preventing the prosecution of two men who are accused of murdering a 10-year-old boy. A judge named Hardin then tells another judge, Caulfield, of a Star Chamber (judges that identify criminals who fell through the cracks of the judicial system). Sharon Gless plays Emily Hardin, Michael Douglas plays Judge Hardin. This movie was released in August 1983. It received positive reviews from movie critics.

Other websites

Category:1983 movies
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Category:1983 thriller movies
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Category:1980s crime thriller movies
Category:1980s legal movies
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Category:American crime drama movies
Category:American crime thriller movies
Category:American drama thriller movies
Category:American legal movies
Category:American mystery movies
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Category:Movies set in Los Angeles, California
Category:Mystery thriller movies

The Star Chamber


André Schürrle (born in Ludwigshafen, Germany on 6 November 1990) is a German association football forward that plays for Chelsea and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He began his career at 1. FSV Mainz 05, then went to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. His performances at that club got Chelsea interested in him, and in 2013 he was sold to Chelsea for £18 million.

Category:1990 births
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Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players
Category:German footballers
Category:Borussia Dortmund squad
Category:People from Ludwigshafen
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André Schürrle


Saint-Malo is a port city in Brittany, France. Its population is about 52,000. However, it can be nearly 200,000 in the summer with tourists.

Other websites

 Town hall's website

Category:Communes in Ille-et-Vilaine

Saint-Malo


Harrisville is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population of the town was 961 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1870.

References

Category:Towns in New Hampshire
Category:1870 establishments in the United States
Category:19th-century establishments in New Hampshire

Harrisville, New Hampshire


A cylinder is one of the most basic curved geometric shapes, with the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, known as the axis of the cylinder. The shape can be thought of as a circular prism. Both the surface and the solid shape created inside can be called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a cylinder have been known since ancient times.

In differential geometry, a cylinder is defined more broadly as any ruled surface which is spanned by a one-parameter family of parallel lines. A cylinder whose cross section is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called an elliptic cylinder, parabolic cylinder, or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.

Common use
In common use a cylinder is taken to mean a finite section of a right circular cylinder, i.e., the cylinder with the generating lines perpendicular to the bases, with its ends closed to form two circular surfaces, as in the figure (right). If the cylinder has a radius  and length (height) h, then its volume is given by:

and its surface area is:
 the area of the top
 the area of the bottom
 the area of the side ().

Therefore, without the top or bottom (lateral area), the surface area is:
.

With the top and bottom, the surface area is:
.

For a given volume, the cylinder with the smallest surface area has . For a given surface area, the cylinder with the largest volume has , i.e. the cylinder fits in a cube (height = diameter).

Volume
Having a right circular cylinder with a height  units and a base of radius  units with the coordinate axes chosen so that the origin is at the center of one base and the height is measured along the positive x-axis. A plane section at a distance of  units from the origin has an area of  square units where

or

An element of volume, is a right cylinder of base area  square units and a thickness of  units. Thus if V cubic units is the volume of the right circular cylinder, by Riemann sums,

Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume can be calculated by integration over

Cylindric section
Cylindric sections are the intersections of cylinders with planes. For a right circular cylinder, there are four possibilities. A plane tangent to the cylinder, meets the cylinder in a single straight line. Moved while parallel to itself, the plane either does not intersect the cylinder or intersects it in two parallel lines. All other planes intersect the cylinder in an ellipse or, when they are perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, in a circle.

Other types of cylinders

An elliptic cylinder, or cylindroid, is a quadric surface, with the following equation in Cartesian coordinates:

This equation is for an elliptic cylinder, a generalization of the ordinary, circular cylinder (). Even more general is the generalized cylinder: the cross-section can be any curve.

The cylinder is a degenerate quadric because at least one of the coordinates (in this case ) does not appear in the equation.

An oblique cylinder has the top and bottom surfaces displaced from one another.

There are other more unusual types of cylinders. These are the imaginary elliptic cylinders:

the hyperbolic cylinder:

and the parabolic cylinder:

Projective geometry
In projective geometry, a cylinder is simply a cone whose apex is at infinity.

This is useful in the definition of degenerate conics, which require considering the cylindrical conics.

References

Other websites

 Surface area of a cylinder at MATHguide
 Volume of a cylinder at MATHguide
 Spinning Cylinder at Math Is Fun
 Volume of a cylinder Interactive animation at Math Open Reference
 Cut a Cylinder Interactive demonstrations of the intersection of a plane and a cylinder
 Cylinder Calculator 3D Specify only two cylinder values and all others are immediately calculated, plus interactive 3D visualization in fullscreen.

Category:Three-dimensional shapes

Cylinder


Jean Rhys, CBE (24 August 1890 – 14 May 1979), born Ella Gwendolyn Rees Williams, was a novelist from Dominica. She is best known for her novel Wide Sargasso Sea.

Early life
Rhys was born to a Welsh father and a white Creole mother. In 1907 Rhys left her Caribbean island home to live in England with her aunt. In 1919 Rhys married. In 1927 her first collection of short stories The Left Bank and Other Stories was published  by Jonathan Cape (London). Her first novel was published in 1928. That year she moved to London. She married her agent in 1934.

Death
Rhys died alone in a nursing home in Devon in 1979, just before her 87th birthday.

References

Category:1890 births
Category:1979 deaths
Category:Dominica people
Category:Novelists

Jean Rhys


An ocarina is a kind of flute that is not made out of a tube. Because the ocarina is in a round or box-like shape, its sound is a little different from other flutes.

History

The ten-hole ocarina was first made by Giuseppe Donati, in Italy, in 1853. Instruments like the ocarina had been made for hundreds of years before that in South America, China, and Africa. In Europe, a form called the gemshorn was made in the 16th century. The gemshorn was made from an animal horn.

In the 19th century, groups of ocarina players, with different sized ocarinas, played classical and folk music. Italian ocarinas became known throughout the world, because of this.

In the United States the ocarina was called the sweet potato, because its shape is like a sweet potato.

In 1928, the Japanese began making ocarinas. They added two small holes to the old kind of ocarinas. Japanese 12-hole ocarinas can play a larger scale than 10-hole ocarinas.

English Ocarina

In the 1960s, the English ocarina was invented. It has four finger holes, and may have one or two thumb holes. English ocarinas are made in many shapes.

Other websites
 Ocarina Knowledge Pages - All About Ocarinas

References

Category:Flutes

Ocarina