A psychologist is someone who studies and practices psychology as a job. Psychologists study the human mind and behavior. They study human perceptions, emotions, and personality relationships.  Clinical psychologists help people overcome mental health issues without the use of drugs. They often use CBT or cognitive behavioral therapy.

Psychology is the study of the mind, partly by studying what people do, and grounding the observations in science. The goal of Psychology is to gain an understanding of individuals, groups and relationships and how certain personality traits can influence the outcome of any given situation. Psychology tries to gain an understanding of mental functions in an individuals social behaviors, while also exploring the physiological and neurological processes that influence certain functions and behaviours.

Category:Healthcare occupations

Psychologist


Margarine is an artificial butter. It can be made from vegetable oil, or animal fat. It may also contain skimmed milk, salt and emulsifiers. Margarine is used in many baked products. It contains less fat than butter, so is often chosen instead of it. There are also "low fat" margarines, which contain even less fat. However, many types of margarine contain trans fats, which are unhealthy and can cause heart disease. Other vegetables fats, like olive oil, are a better choice for cooking.

Category:Spreads

Margarine


Patchur, Karaikal is a small revenue village (hamlet). It belongs to the Karaikal taluk, Karaikal district, Puducherry, India. This area is mostly famous for the Sri Dharmasasta Ayyapan Temple. This is the only Ayyapan temple in the Karaikal region.

References

Category:Villages in India
Category:Karaikal District

Patchur, Karaikal


Gregory van der Wiel (born 3 February 1988 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch football player who plays for Paris Saint-Germain. He plays as a defender.

Van der Wiel was playing for Ajax in 2007-2012. During 2002-2005 he was loaned out to HFC Haarlem.

References

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dutch footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Amsterdam

Gregory van der Wiel


Huyi District (, pinyin:HùYì Qū) is a District of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Qinling Mountain is to the south. Wei River is to the north. Chang'an District is to the east. Zhouzhi County is to the west. It covers . As of November 2010, 556,377 people lived there.

History
In Xia Dynasty (2100 BC - 1600 BC), here named Hushi Country (扈氏国), meaning "Hu family's country", it's the origin of Hu County. After changed some names, it named Hu Country (扈国). And in Qin Dynasty (221 BC -206 BC), "扈" changed to "鄠" in Chinese language, and then country changed to county. In 1964, "鄠" changed to "户".Chinese government changed its name from "Hu County(户县)" to "Huyi District(鄠邑区)"On Nov. 24,2016.

Area
There are 14 towns in Huyi:

Ganting,Yuxia,Zuan,Qinduz,Dawang,Caotang,Jiangcun,Pangguang,Laodian,Ganhe,Shijing,Yuchan,Wuzhu and Weifeng.

Transportation
Railway:Xi'an–Chengdu high-speed railway,Xi'an-Yuxia Railway.

Railway Station:Huyi Railway Station,Yuxia Railway Station.

Category:Shaanxi
Category:Counties of China

Huyi District


Antraigues-sur-Volane is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Category:Communes in Ardèche

Antraigues-sur-Volane


Atto Abbas (born 4 July 1998 in Kaduna state) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a striker for Kasımpaşa S.K. recently with Kasımpaşa U21

Early Life
Atto Abbas  had never seen a football until the age of 8 when during a stupor he wandered onto a football field, only for a loose ball to hit his tailbone and loop into the goal.

As a youngster atto learnt that the typical characteristics of footballers such as speed, skill and basic motor skills did apply to him, and if he just stood ten yards from goal the ball tended to bounce in off him.

Born in Kaduna on July 4, 1998, he is a Nigerian footballer who plays for Kasımpaşa SK. Atto started his football career at S.M.C Youth before joining the Reserve Team in Kasimpasa.

Career
Born in Kaduna on July 4, 1998, he is a Nigerian footballer who plays for Kasımpaşa SK. Atto started his football career at S.M.C Youth before joining the Reserve Team in Kasimpasa.

References

Kaushik, Vikas, and Vikas Kaushik. 2020. "Atto Abbas Interview On Social Media For Successful Soccer Career - Newsaffinity". Newsaffinity. https://newsaffinity.com/atto-abbas-interview-on-social-media-for-successful-soccer-career/.

Medium. 2020. Atto Abbas: Young Nigerian Footballer Making Waves In Turkey … Club Calls NFF Attention. [online] Available at: <https://medium.com/@alexandrejames0802/atto-abbas-young-nigerian-footballer-making-waves-in-turkey-club-calls-nff-attention-f5f3e653fc90> [Accessed 25 March 2020].

Kaushik, Vikas, and Vikas Kaushik. 2020. "Atto Abbas Interview On Social Media For Successful Soccer Career - Newsaffinity". Newsaffinity. https://newsaffinity.com/atto-abbas-interview-on-social-media-for-successful-soccer-career/.

"Atto Abbas Kasımpaşa'dan U21'e Farklı Tarife". 2019. Trtsporrr.Blogspot.Com. https://trtsporrr.blogspot.com/2019/11/atto-abbas-kasmpasadan-u21e-farkl-tarife.html?m=1.

"Relatively Unknown Nigerian Young Footballer Making Waves In Turkey … Club Calls NFF Attention". Latest Sports And Football News In Nigeria | Sports247, 2020, https://www.sports247.ng/relatively-unknown-nigerian-young-footballer-making-waves-in-turkey-club-calls-nnf-attention/.

1. GamesXFLSnookerAFLNetball &, League N, Games X. ESPN: Serving sports fans. Anytime. Anywhere. ESPN.com. https://foxsportsafrica.com/news/item/6863/Galatasaray-end-Kasimpasas-perfect-start-Istanbul-Basaksehir-eye-top-spot. Published 2020. Accessed March 25, 2020.

2. Egypt defender Karim Hafez joins Kasımpasa on loan | Goal.com. Goal.com. http://www.goal.com/en-za/news/comptroitwithATTOABBASegypt-defender-karim-hafez-joins-kasimpasa-on-loan/1erjkdsi4v7cs1chotpnfdf6z6. Published 2019. Accessed March 25, 2020.

1. Kulübü K. Konyaspor maçı hazırlıkları tamamlandı - Kasımpaşa Sportif Faaliyetle. Kasimpasa.com.tr. http://www.kasimpasa.com.tr/tr/attoabbas/a-takim-haberleri/konyaspor-maci-hazirliklari-tamamlandi_4992.html. Published 2020. Accessed March 25, 2020.

Category:Nigerian footballers
Category:1998 births
Category:Living people

Atto Abbas


Accident is a 1967 British drama movie. It was directed by Joseph Losey.  The movie is based on the 1965 novel of the same name by Nicholas Mosley (who also stars). Other actors include Dirk Bogarde, Stanley Baker, Jacqueline Sassard, Michael York, Vivien Merchant, and Freddie Jones. It was distributed by London Independent Producers.

At the 1967 Cannes Film Festival, it won the award for Grand Prix Spécial du Jury.

References

Other websites
.

Category:1967 movies
Category:1960s drama movies
Category:British drama movies

Accident (1967 movie)


Brian Jossie (born July 4, 1977) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Jossie is currently wrestling in its developmental territory company, Florida Championship Wrestling under the stage name, Abraham Washington. He made his WWE debut on June 30, 2009 on the now-defunct ECW where he had an in-ring interview segment called the Abraham Washington Show under his ring name, Abraham Washington. The shows set-up took place one the stage with Tony Atlas acting as a sidekick and announcer.

Websites
Abraham Washington's FCW profile

Category:WWE wrestlers
Category:American professional wrestlers
Category:Sportspeople from Texas
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people

Abraham Washington


La Roche-sur-Yon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendée department in the west of France.

Education
 Institut catholique d'arts et métiers

Category:Communes in Vendée
Category:Departmental capitals in France

La Roche-sur-Yon


Sharon Epatha Merkerson (the middle name is pronounced ee-pay-thuh), known as S. Epatha Merkerson, is an American actress. She was born on November 28, 1952. She is best known as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren in the Law & Order television series. She was on Law & Order from 1993 until it stopped airing new episodes in 2010, and she was in 391 episodes. This was more than any other actor on the show.

She has won a Golden Globe, an Emmy award, an Obie Award, four NAACP Image Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

References

Category:Actors from Michigan
Category:Golden Globe Award winning actors
Category:Emmy Award winning actors
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:1952 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Saginaw, Michigan

S. Epatha Merkerson


Raymell "Ray" Rice (born January 22, 1987 in New Rochelle, New York) is an American football running back. He is currently suspended indefinitely from the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens from 2008 until he was released on September 8, 2014. He was drafted out of the Rutgers University by the Baltimore Ravens with the 55th pick in the second round of the 2008 NFL Draft. Rice was selected for his very first Pro Bowl in 2009. He also was in the 2011 and 2012 Pro Bowl. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31.

Assault & indefinite suspension
On March 27, 2014, Rice was arrested and indicted for third-degree aggravated assault after an incident at the Revel Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey where he punched his then-fiancée (now wife) Janay Palmer in the face. The punch knocked her unconscious. A video posted by TMZ showed Rice dragging Palmer's body out of an elevator. On March 27, 2014, Rice was indicted by a grand jury on third-degree aggravated assault, with a possible jail sentence for three to five years and a fine of up to $15,000. Rice married Palmer on March 28, 2014. On July 25, 2014, Rice was suspended for the first two games of the 2014 NFL season for the incident. After Rice agreed to undergo court-supervised counseling, the charges were dropped.

On September 8, 2014, another video was released by TMZ that featured additional footage from an elevator camera that showed Rice punching Palmer. After seeing this, the Baltimore Ravens terminated Rice's contract and shortly afterward, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell announced that Rice had been suspended indefinitely from the NFL.

References

Other websites
Ray Rice at NFL.com
Ray Rice at Pro-Football Reference

Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:African American players of American football
Category:American football running backs
Category:Baltimore Ravens players
Category:Sportspeople from New York
Category:People from New Rochelle, New York

Ray Rice


Nottingham is the name of several places in the world:

UK:
Nottingham, England

USA:
Nottingham, Maryland
Nottingham, New Hampshire
Nottingham Township, Harrison County, Ohio
Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania
East Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania
West Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania

and a succession of Royal Navy destroyers:

HMS Nottingham

Nottingham also refers to a housing cooperative in Madison, WI.

Nottingham (disambiguation)


Muzzano can mean:

Places
Italy
 Muzzano, Piedmont, a comune in the Province of Biella

Switzerland
 Muzzano, Switzerland, a municipality in the Canton of Ticino
 Lago di Muzzano, a lake in the Canton of Ticino

Muzzano


Rani Mukerji (born 21 March 1978) is an Indian actress active in Bollywood. She has won 7 Filmfare awards.

Selected filmography

 Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998)
 Saathiya  (2002)
 Yuva (2004)
 Hum Tum (2004)
 Veer-Zaara (2004)
 Black (2005)
 Bunty Aur Babli (2005)
 Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006)
 No One Killed Jessica (2011)
 Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (2012)
 Mardaani (2014)

References

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Indian movie actors

Rani Mukherji


Havelange is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.

In 2007, 4926 people lived there.

It is at 50° 23 North, 05° 14 East.

References

Category:Municipalities of Namur

Havelange


Mesnil-Lettre is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.

Mesnil-Lettre

Mesnil-Lettre


The flag of El Salvador was created in 1912. It has two horizontal blue bands at the top and bottom and a white band in the middle with the Coat of arms of El Salvador in the center.
El Salvador
Category:El Salvador

Flag of El Salvador


Sanyo is a Japanese electronics company. They specialise in home appliances.

Category:Technology companies of Japan
Category:Electronics companies

Sanyo


There are 53 counties in the U.S. state of North Dakota.

The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. North Dakota's code is 38, which when combined with any county code would be written as 38XXX. The FIPS code for each county links to census data for that county.

List

|}

References

North Dakota
*

List of counties in North Dakota


Revolver is a monthly hard rock and heavy metal magazine published by Future US. It started as a magazine that was about more popular styles of music, but then changed to what it is now. The magazine is put together a lot like Spin, and also writes about the heavy metal and punk subcultures.  It has cover stories (usually centering on a band's new album, song, or upcoming tour), album reviews, instrument reviews, and a section for readers to get advice from a celebrity.

Another notable feature of the magazine is its coverage of underground and up-and-coming bands from all over the world.  Instead of focusing only on the most popular bands, Revolver introduces a lot that are not played on the radio or on MTV.

Its slogan is: "The World's Loudest Rock Magazine!"

References

Other websites
 Official website

Category:Music magazines

Revolver (magazine)


Orchard MRT Station (NS22/TE14) is a rapid transit station in Singapore. It is an underground station on the North South Line of the Mass Rapid Transit. The station is located along Orchard Road, on the boundary of Orchard and River Valley planning areas, Singapore. Its platform livery is maroon, but it is mostly clad with black marble.

This station serves the western part of Orchard Road.

Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations

Orchard MRT station


Tetuin is a flavone. It is a type of flavonoid. It is the 6-O-glucoside of baicalein. It can be isolated from the seeds of Oroxylum indicum, the Indian trumpetflower, known as टेटु tetu in Marathi.

References

Category:Organic compounds

Tetuin


Ernst Wilhelm "Wim" Wenders (; born 14 August 1945) is a German movie director, playwright, author, and photographer. He is known for his works in The State of Things, Paris, Texas, Faraway, So Close!, and The Million Dollar Hotel.

Wenders was born on 14 August 1945 in Düsseldorf, Rhine Province, Germany.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from North Rhine-Westphalia
Category:BAFTA Award winning directors
Category:Cinematographers
Category:German movie actors
Category:German movie directors
Category:German movie producers
Category:German photographers
Category:German screenwriters
Category:Movie editors
Category:People from Düsseldorf
Category:Playwrights
Category:Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia

Wim Wenders


Monsters University is a 2013 computer-animated comedy movie. It is a prequel to Monsters, Inc. that has Sulley and Mike at university before they became friends. It was directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae. John Goodman, Billy Crystal, and Steve Buscemi reprised their voice-roles as Sulley, Mike, and Randall for the movie.

Release Dates

Cast

 Billy Crystal as Michael "Mike" Wazowski
 Noah Johnston as Young Mike
 John Goodman as James P. "Sulley" Sullivan
 Steve Buscemi as Randall "Randy" Boggs
 Joel Murray as Don Carlton, the founding member of Oozma Kappa fraternity
 Sean Hayes as Terri Perry, an Oozma Kappa fraternity member
 Dave Foley as Terry Perry, an Oozma Kappa fraternity member
 Peter Sohn as Scott "Squishy" Squibbles, an Oozma Kappa fraternity member
 Charlie Day as Art, an Oozma Kappa fraternity member
 Frank Oz as Jeff Fungus
 Helen Mirren as Dean Hardscrabble, the headmistress at Monsters University.
 Alfred Molina as Professor Knight
 Nathan Fillion as Johnny Worthington, president of Roar Omega Roar
 Aubrey Plaza as Claire Wheeler, Greek Council president
 Tyler Labine as Brock Pearson, Greek Council vice-president
 John Krasinski as "Frightening" Frank McCay
 Bonnie Hunt as Karen Graves, Mike's grade school teacher
 Bobby Moynihan as Chet Alexander, a Roar Omega Roar fraternity member
 Julia Sweeney as Ms. Squibbles, Scott's mother
 Beth Behrs as  Carrie Williams, leader of Python Nu Kappa sorority
 John Ratzenberger as Abominable Snowman

Development
A second movie of Monsters, Inc. had been planned since 2005. Following disagreements between then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner and then-Pixar owner Steve Jobs, Disney (who at the time owned the rights to make sequels to all of Pixar's films until the movie Cars was released) announced that a sequel to Monsters, Inc. would be made by Circle 7 Animation. Circle 7 were also working on an early draft of Toy Story 3 at the time.

The movie was originally going to be named Monsters, Inc. 2: Lost in Scaradise. The movie would have been about Mike and Sulley visiting the human world to give Boo a birthday present. However, they find out that she had moved to a different house. After getting trapped in the human world, Mike and Sulley split up after disagreeing on what to do (Sulley wanting to look for Boo, Mike wanting to find a way to get back to Monstropolis).

Screenwriters Rob Muir and Bob Hilgenberg were hired to write the script. They storyboarded an early draft of the script.

A sequel made by Pixar was officially announced in 2010. The movie was originally planned to be released on November 16, 2012. However, it was later changed to November 2, 2012 (eleven years to the day after the release of its predecessor) to avoid direct competition with The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2. On April 5, 2011, it was announced that the film's release date had been pushed back farther to June 21, 2013 due to the success of Pixar movies that are released in the summer. This is according to Disney distribution executive Chuck Viane. It will be the studios' fourteenth feature film.

In early 2011, there were claims that Monsters, Inc. 2 was going to be a prequel which focuses on Sulley and Mike's studies at the University of Fear, where they start off as rivals but soon become best friends. This is similar to how Woody and Buzz Lightyear start off in the first Toy Story. On March 29, 2011, it was confirmed that the movie will indeed be a prequel and the new title Monsters University was shown. The movie will be directed by Dan Scanlon and produced by Kori Rae. It was also announced that John Goodman, Billy Crystal and Steve Buscemi will be reprising their roles. New voice cast includes Dave Foley, Julia Sweeney, Joel Murray, and Peter Sohn.

On August 12, 2011 Billy Crystal went to a 20th anniversary screening of City Slickers. When he was asked about his return to the role of Mike Wazowski he said, "That's why I'm a little hoarse. I spent five-and-a-half hours today for our fourth session on Monsters Inc. 2." Crystal has said that he and co-star John Goodman are having a blast together and describes the script as "really great" and "hilarious". Crystal also gave little details of the story of the movie. He described, "It's college pranks with monsters. And I wear a retainer. Mike has a retainer."

References

Other websites

Category:2013 movies
Category:American comedy movies
Category:American animated movies
Category:Prequel movies
Category:Pixar movies
Category:Buddy movies
Category:English-language movies
Category:American fantasy movies
Category:2010s comedy movies
Category:American movies
Category:Movies composed by Randy Newman

Monsters University


In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However, many other scientists like Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory.

Category:Cell biology
By the mid-century cells were identified as being the substance in a body part containing what's called germs in A cell just like a fungi.

Cell theory


The SOCATA TB700 is a light transport aircraft. It is used by both civilian and military operators. It is built in Tarbes, France by SOCATA. It is a single-turboprop aircraft built in all-metal. More than 600 were sold. TBM-850 is a modern variant.

Category:Civil aircraft
Category:French military aircraft

SOCATA TBM-700


The Beltway Sniper attacks were a series of sniper attacks on innocent civilians over three weeks in October 2002 in the Mid-Atlantic United States. The shootings all took place in the Maryland and Virginia area, mainly in and around Washington, D.C. The shootings were carried out by American John Allen Muhammad (1960-2009) and Jamaican Lee Boyd Malvo (born 1985).

Category:2002 in the United States
Category:2000s in Maryland
Category:2000s in Virginia
Category:2000s in Washington, D.C.
Category:Murder in 2002
Category:Murder in the 21st century in the United States
Category:Murders by firearm in the United States
Category:October events

Category:Terrorist attacks in the United States
Category:Terrorist incidents in the 2000s

Beltway sniper attacks


An obstetric fistula is an unwanted hole in a woman's body that was caused by having a baby.  It can happen when having the baby is difficult, especially if the mother does not receive good medical care.  The hole can go from the vagina to the bladder or from the vagina to the bowel.  A surgeon can fix the hole with surgery.

Category:Pregnancy and childbirth

Obstetric fistula


The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (or Brexit Secretary) is a United Kingdom Cabinet post. The holder of this office is in charge of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union.

The office was held by David Davis from July 2016 until July 2018. Following Davis' resignation, Dominic Raab was appointed Brexit Secretary. When Raab resigned in November 2018, Stephen Barclay was appointed as Secretary of State.

The position was created in 2016 by the new Prime Minister Theresa May after the UK voted to leave the European Union.

References

Category:Members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Category:Politics of the United Kingdom


Oghi Tehsil is a tehsil or subdivision of the Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is situated in a mountainous area close to the Kala Dhaka tribal zone. The main or capital town of this tehsil is Oghi.

The large part of the population of Oghi tehsil is made up of indigenous Swatis, Gurjars, Awans and a mixture of other smaller groups. Hindko is spoken as the main language by around 62% of the people, Pashto language by some 30% and Gojri by some 8 %.

Part of this tehsil is made up of the Agror valley which also used to be the estate of the former Khan of Agror, a famous tribal chieftain.

References

Category:Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Oghi Tehsil


Nagercoil ("Temple of the Nāgas") is a town in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District. The city is situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula, locked with the Western Ghats on all sides. It was briefly part of the erstwhile Travancore state, till almost a decade after India's Independence from Britain in 1947. In 1956, it was merged with Tamil Nadu. In its earlier days, the town and its surroundings were known as Nanjilnadu. Nagercoil holds a number of educational institutions, hospitals, offices and industries. It is also the hub of industrial and commercial activity in the district, and a fertile agricultural area that produces paddy. The minerals ilmenite and monazite are mined there. The land is surrounded by hills and lush green paddy fields. It is also known for different varieties of bananas. Nagercoil is a land of great traditional and cultural significance.

According to 2011 census, Nagercoil had a population of 224,849 with a sex-ratio of 1,050 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 20,241 were under the age of six, constituting 10,119 males and 10,122 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 4.19% and .17% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the city was 95.35%. The city had a total of 59,997 households. There were a total of 76,345 workers, comprising 244 cultivators, 1,155 main agricultural laborers, 2,271 in household industries, 67,050 other workers, 5,625 marginal workers, 110 marginal cultivators, 361 marginal agricultural laborers, 447 marginal workers in household industries and 4,707 other marginal workers.

As per the religious census of 2011, Nagercoil had 61.06% Hindus, 8.89% Muslims, 29.94% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists, 0.02% Jains and 0.06% following other religions or not stating their position.

The largest concentration of the population of the town and the District is along the coastal belt, on the eastern side, while the largely forested areas on the western side of the district (along the Western Ghats) are sparsely populated.

Places near Nagercoil

References

Other websites

 Official website of Kanyakumari district

Category:Kanyakumari District

Nagercoil


Maria Anna of Austria (Maria Anna Josepha; 7 September 1683 – 14 August 1754) was an Archduchess of Austria as she was a daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. She would become Queen consort and regent of Portugal by her marriage to John V of Portugal. She was the Regent of Portugal from 1742 until 1750 during the illness of her spouse.  In Portugal she was commonly known as Mariana.

Life

The fifth of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperors children by Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg, she was baptised Maria Anna Josepha. She was born in Linz as the Austrian royal family had to flee Vienna from the Turkish army which destroyed the capital. Maria Anna was a sister of two future Holy Roman Emperors Joseph I and Charles VI. Through Charles VI, she was an aunt of Empress Maria Theresa. Her first cousins included Elisabetta Farnese as well as Charles II of Spain.

Marriage

On 27 October 1708 she married her first cousin John V of Portugal. Both of their mothers were sisters. Maria Anna thus became Queen of Portugal as the wife of the ruling king. She was the mother of six children:

Regency

In 1742 Maria Anna took over power as regent after her husband suffered a stroke, which left him partially paralyzed. When John V died on 31 July 1750 she gave up power to their eldest son Joseph I of Portugal. She died at he Palace of Belém in 1754. Her body was buried in Lisbon, her heart was brought to Vienna and buried there in the imperial crypt.

Children

 Maria Barbara of Portugal (4 December 1711 – August 27, 1758) married Ferdinand VI of Spain.
 Pedro of Portugal (19 October 1712 – 24 October 1714) Prince of Brazil.
 Joseph I of Portugal (6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777) married Mariana Victoria of Spain.
 Carlos of Portugal (2 May 1716 – 30 March 1730) died unmarried.
 Peter III of Portugal (5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786) married Maria I of Portugal had issue.
 Alexander of Portugal (24 September 1723 – 2 August 1728) died in infancy.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

7 September 1683 – 27 October 1708 Her Royal Highness Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
27 October 1708 – 31 July 1750 Her Most Faithful Majesty The Queen of Portugal
31 July 1750 – 14 August 1754 Her Most Faithful Majesty The Dowager Queen of Portugal

Related pages

Category:Archdukes and Archduchesses of Austria
Category:Habsburg Dynasty
Category:1683 births
Category:1754 deaths
Category:House of Braganza
Category:Regents
Category:Kings and Queens consort of Portugal

Maria Anna of Austria


Korsberga is a locality in Hjo Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 214 people lived there.

References

Category:Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County

Korsberga


Wesley So (born 9 October 1993) is a Filipino chess grandmaster. So got the GM title at the age of 14 years, 1 month and 28 days, making him the 8th youngest chess grandmaster.

So's transfer to the United States Chess Federation was confirmed in the November 2014 rating list. Soon after, he left Webster University to focus full-time on chess.

References

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chess players
Category:Filipino people

Wesley So


NFPA 704, also known as a fire diamond, is a diamond-shaped sign or picture that tells people about the hazards of a chemical compound.  It was designed in 1960 by the National Fire Protection Association, as a way of quickly telling firefighters and other emergency workers what kind of dangers might be nearby.

The sign is made of four smaller diamonds: a red one on top, a yellow one on the right, a white one on the bottom, and a blue one on the left.  Numbers or symbols in these boxes tell how dangerous the chemical is.

The red diamond tells how flammable the chemical compound is: how easily it catches fire.  The yellow diamond tells about reactivity: how quickly the compound reacts with other materials.  (For example, some chemicals, like ammonium nitrate, explode when they touch water; this is an example of reactivity.)  The blue diamond tells how dangerous the chemical is to a person's health.  Each of these three diamonds - red, yellow, and blue - are given a score between 0 and 4.  A score of 0 means there is no danger.  A score of 4 means there is the worst possible danger.

The white diamond has codes for "special hazards."  For example, if a chemical like ammonium nitrate should not touch water because it will explode, a W with a line through it will be written in the white diamond.

Codes

Related pages
Material Data Safety Sheet

References

Category:Chemistry

NFPA 704


Crowder is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Category:Towns in Oklahoma

Crowder, Oklahoma


Cockles are a group of (mostly) small, edible, saltwater clams. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae.

They are very common on sandy sheltered beaches throughout the world. The distinctive rounded shells of cockles are symmetrical, and are heart-shaped when viewed from the end. In most genera there are numerous radial ribs (ridges on the shell). The genus Laevicardium, the egg cockles, have very smooth shells.

The mantle has three openings (inhalant, exhalant, and pedal) for siphoning water and for the foot to stick out. Cockles are capable of 'jumping' by bending and straightening the foot. Cockles burrow using the foot, and feed by filtering plankton from the surrounding water. Some species reach maturity quickly.

Confusingly, the common name "cockle" is also given (by seafood sellers) to a number of other small edible bivalves which have a somewhat similar shape, however these bivalves are in other families such as the Veneridae (Venus clams) and the Arcidae (ark clams). Cockles in the family Cardiidae are sometimes known as "true cockles" in order to distinguish them from these other species.

References

Category:Bivalves

Cockle


was a  after Shōji and before Genkyū.  This period started in February 1201 and ended in February 1204. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Kennin era

 1202 (Kennin 2, 1st month): Nitta Yoshishige died.  He was the deputy director for cuisine for the Dairi (大炊助) in the palace.  His court rank was 2nd rank of the 5th class (従五位下).
 1202 (Kennin 2, 7th month): Minamoto no Yoriie was raised to the 2nd rank of the 2nd class; and he was named the 2nd shogun of the Kamakura shogunate.
 1202 (Kennin 2, 10th month):  The naidaijin Minamoto no Michichika died at 54;  and his court position was then filled by dainagon Fujiwara no Takatada.
 1202 (Kennin 2): On orders from Shogun Minamoto no Yoriie, the monk Eisai founded Kennin-ji, a Zen temple and monastery.
 1203 (Kennin 3, 8th month): Shogun Yoriie fell gravely ill.
 1203 (Kennin 3, 9th month): Yoriie shaved his head and became a Buddhist priest; and the emperor named Minamoto no Sanetomo as the 3rd shogun.Hōjō Tokimasa became Sanetomo's shikken (regent).

Related pages
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Category:Japanese eras
Category:1200s establishments in Japan
Category:1200s disestablishments in Japan
Category:1201 establishments
Category:1204 disestablishments

Kennin


Boa Vista is a Brazilian city, capital of the state of Roraima. It has 249.655 inhabitants (estimative IBGE 2006) and an area of 5,687 km².

Category:Cities in Brazil
Category:Roraima
Category:Capitals of Brazilian states

Boa Vista


Perryton is a city in Ochiltree County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,802 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Ochiltree County.

References

Other websites
 City of Perryton official website

Category:Cities in Texas
Category:County seats in Texas

Perryton, Texas


Jaime Paz Zamora (born April 15, 1939) is a Bolivian politician. He was President of Bolivia from August 6, 1989 to August 6, 1993. He was Vice-President between 1982 and 1984.

References

Category:1939 births
Category:Presidents of Bolivia
Category:Living people

Jaime Paz Zamora


The Blue Lake is in Mount Gambier, South Australia. It is in an extinct volcanic crater, which is part of the Mount Gambier complex. It is one of four crater lakes on Mount Gambier. Leg of Mutton Lake and Brown Lake have dried up over the past 30 to 40 years as the water table has dropped. The Blue Lake is known for its changing color, from grey to bright blue.

Different dates have been given for its last eruption, of 28,000 years ago, 4300 years ago, and, recently, a little before 6000 years ago. If the youngest date is correct, this could be the most recent volcanic eruption on the Australian mainland.

Blue Lake is thought to be of an average depth of 72 metres, but in places reaches 77 metres deep. The crater rim measures 1,200 metres (3,937 feet) by 824 metres (2,703 feet). The lake itself measures 1,087 metres (3,566 feet) by 657 metres (2,155 feet). The bottom of the lake is 30 metres (100 feet) below the level of the main street of the nearby town. The Blue Lake supplies the town with drinking water.

Studies
In 1967 a survey found the deepest point in the lake at 77 m. Major diving exploration of the lake first took place in 1985. Cave diver Peter Horne studied the temperature and visibility of the water. He discovered a fresh water sponge species and other invertebrates. He also discovered "The Stromatolite Field", hollow rock formations on the north-eastern edge at a depth of 40 m. In 2008 another dive brought up core samples from the calcite-silt covered lake bed, and measured the water temperature on the lake bed at 14 degrees Celsius (57 °F).

Colour change
During December to March, the lake turns to a vibrant cobalt blue colour. It changes to a colder steel grey colour for April to November. Why this happens is still a mystery. Scientists believe water on the surface becomes warmer in summer. This causes calcium carbonate to precipitate out of solution and allows micro-crystallites of calcium carbonate to form. This results in scatter of the blue wavelengths of sunlight. During winter the lake water becomes well mixed, and the lake water is less clear because of tannins and calcium carbonate particles. The angle of the sun has also been found to influence the perceived colour of the lake. The movement of planktonic life-forms within the lake during the seasons and during the day may also play a part in the colour change.

Gordon's Leap
In July 1865 Adam Lindsay Gordon performed the daring horse riding feat known as Gordon’s Leap on the edge of the Blue Lake. A commemorative obelisk was built at the spot. The sign on it reads: This obelisk was erected as a memorial to the famous Australian poet. From near this spot in July, 1865 Gordon made his famed leap on horseback over an old post and rail guard fence onto a narrow ledge overlooking the Blue Lake and jumped back again onto the roadway. The foundation stone of the Gordon Memorial Obelisk was laid on 8th July 1887.

Notes

References
 Sheard, M.J. (1978) Geological History of the Mount Gambier Volcanic Complex, Southeast South Australia. Transcript from Royal Society of South Australia 102(5), Aug. 1978
 Telfer, A. (2000) Identification of processes regulating the colour and colour change in an oligotrophic, hardwater, groundwater-fed lake, Blue Lake, Mount Gambier, South Australia. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management. 5 161-176.
 Turoczy, N.J. (2002) Calcium chemistry of Blue Lake, Mt Gambier, Australia, and relevance to remarkable seasonal colour changes. Archiv fur Hydrobiologia. 156 (1) 1-9.
 Emeny, J., Turner, G., Turoczy, N.J. and Stagnitti, F. (2006) The influence of weather and solar elevation on perceived colour of Blue Lake, Mount Gambier, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 130(1) 101-108.

Gallery

Category:Lakes of South Australia
Category:Volcanoes of Australia

Blue Lake (South Australia)


There are 3 arrondissements in the Haute-Loire department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Haute-Loire are:

History
Since its creation, the Haute-Loire department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with three districts: Le Puy, Brioude and Yssingeaux; the capital was Le Puy.
 1800 : creation of three arrondissements: Le Puy, Brioude and Yssingeaux.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Yssingeaux was eliminated.
 1942 : Yssingeaux is again an arrondissement.
 1988 : Le Puy changed its name to Le Puy-en-Velay.

Related pages
Arrondissement of Brioude
Arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay
Arrondissement of Yssingeaux
List of arrondissements of France

References

Haute-Loire
Category:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Arrondissements of the Haute-Loire department


Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (13 July 1822 – 14 June 1875) was a Prussian astronomer, born in Berlin. His name is sometimes given as Heinrich Ludwig d'Arrest. He died in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Further reading

Other websites
 Awarding of RAS gold medal: MNRAS 35 (1875) 265

Obituaries
 AN 86 (1875) 63/64 (one paragraph, in German)
 MNRAS 36 (1876) 155

Category:1822 births
Category:1875 deaths
Category:German astronomers
Category:Scientists from Berlin

Heinrich Louis d'Arrest


In mathematics, a power of two is any number which is an integer power of two. Powers of two are important in binary just as powers of ten (like 1, 10, 100, etc.) are important in decimal.  The numbers one less than powers of two are called Mersenne numbers.

Category:Mathematics

Power of two


Fan Zhiyi (born 22 January 1970) is a former Chinese football player. He has played for China PR national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Shanghai Shenhua||rowspan="5"|Jia-A League||20||0
|-
|1995||22||15
|-
|1996||22||9
|-
|1997||22||5
|-
|1998||13||2

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="4"|Crystal Palace||rowspan="4"|First Division||29||2
|-
|1999/00||29||1
|-
|2000/01||28||1
|-
|2001/02||2||0

|-
|2001/02||Dundee||Premier League||14||1

|-
|2002||Shanghai Zhongyuan Huili||Jia-A League||12||4

|-
|2002/03||Cardiff City||Second Division||6||0

|-
|2003/04||Buler Rangers||First Division League||9||1

|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Shanghai Zobon||League One||22||6
|-
|2005||Super League||8||0

|-
|2005/06||Buler Rangers||First Division League||5||0
141||41
94||4
14||1
14||1
263||47
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||9||0
|-
|1993||12||0
|-
|1994||8||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||14||1
|-
|1997||25||8
|-
|1998||14||3
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||10||1
|-
|2001||12||4
|-
|2002||4||0
|-
!Total||109||17
|}

References

Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chinese footballers

Fan Zhiyi


The Chairperson of the African Union is the ceremonial head of the African Union elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term.

A candidate must be supported by at least two-thirds of the member states or by consensus. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without resignations or impeachment.

List of Chairpersons

References

*

Chairperson of the African Union


William Clark Falkner (July 6, 1825 or 1826 – November 6, 1889) was a soldier, lawyer, politician, businessman, and author in northern Mississippi.  He is most notable for the influence he had on the work of his great-grandson, author William Faulkner.

Although born in Knox County, Tennessee, Falkner lived with his family in Missouri and Pontotoc, Mississippi before settling at the age of 17 in Ripley, Tippah County, Mississippi.  He served in the Mexican-American War and, when the American Civil War broke out, he raised a company of men and was made colonel in the Second Mississippi Infantry of the Confederate Army.

Other websites
Biography at Mississippi Writers Project, source of most of this article
Information from University of Michigan

Category:1825 births
Category:1889 deaths
Category:American poets
Category:American military people
Category:Writers from Tennessee
Category:Writers from Mississippi
Category:Business people from Tennessee
Category:Business people from Mississippi
Category:People from Pontotoc, Mississippi

William Clark Falkner


Marina Evseevna Ratner (; October 30, 1938 – July 7, 2017) was a Russian-American professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. She worked in ergodic theory. She was born in Moscow, and of Jewish descent.

Around 1990, she proved a group of major theorems concerning unipotent flows on homogeneous spaces, known as Ratner's theorems. Ratner was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992, awarded the Ostrowski Prize in 1993 and elected to the National Academy of Sciences the same year. In 1994, she was awarded the John J. Carty Award from the National Academy of Sciences.

Ratner died in Berkeley, California on July 7, 2017 of a stroke at the age of 78.

References

Other websites

Category:1938 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:American mathematicians
Category:Deaths from stroke
Category:Jewish American academics
Category:Jewish American scientists
Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States
Category:People from Moscow
Category:Russian Jews
Category:Russian mathematicians
Category:Soviet Jews

Marina Ratner


Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 30 August 1723; name pronounced 'Layvenhook') was a Dutch tradesman and scientist from Delft, Netherlands. He is best known for his work to improve the microscope.

Using his handcrafted microscopes, he was the first to see and describe single celled organisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules, and which we now refer to as microorganisms. He was also the first to record microscopic observations of muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in small blood vessels. Van Leeuwenhoek did not write books, but sent letters to the Royal Society in London. The letters were published in the Royal Society's journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

In his youth van Leeuwenhoek was apprenticed to a draper. Later, a civil service position allowed him to give time to his hobby: grinding lenses and using them to study tiny objects. His simple microscopes were skillfully ground, powerful single lenses capable of high image quality. He looked at protozoa in rainwater, pond water and well water. He also looked at bacteria in the human mouth and intestine. In 1677, he first described the spermatozoa of insects, dogs, and humans.

His observations laid the foundations for the sciences of bacteriology and protozoology. He was the first to see bacteria, protists, spermatozoa, the cell vacuole, blood corpuscles, capillaries, and the structure of muscles and nerves.

Dobell, Clifford (1960) [1932]. Antony van Leeuwenhoek and his "little animals": being some account of the father of protozoology and bacteriology and his multifarious discoveries in these disciplines. New York: Dover Publications reprint of original edition by Harcourt, Brace and Company.

Related pages
List of biologists

Other websites
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia

Category:1632 births
Category:1723 deaths
Category:Dutch scientists
Category:Microbiologists
Category:People from Delft

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek


This is a list of rivers in Suriname. This list is arranged by where the river drains.  Tributaries are indented under each larger stream's name.

Atlantic Ocean

Marowijne River
Tapanahony River
Paloemeu River
Gonini River
Lawa River
Litani River
Oelemari River
Suriname River
Commewijne River
Cottica River
Brokopondo Reservoir
Gran Rio
Saramacca River
Coppename River
Nickerie River
Corantijn River
Kabalebo River
Lucie River
Sipaliwini River
Kutari River
Coeroeni River

References
Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

Suriname
Category:Suriname
Suriname

List of rivers of Suriname


The term Gambler's fallacy refers to a misconception about statistics. It is also known Monte Carlo fallacy or fallacy of the maturity of chances. In statistics, a random event has a certain probability of occurring. The fallacy is that if the event has occurred more frequently in the past, it will occur less frequently in the future; or that if it has been less frequent in the past, it will be more frequent in the future.

Childbirth
As early as 1796, the idea of the gambler's fallacy was used to "predict" the sex of children. In his work A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities, published in 1796, Pierre-Simon Laplace wrote of the ways in which men calculated their probability of having sons:"I have seen men [who wanted to have] a son, who could learn only with anxiety of the births of boys in the month when they expected to become fathers. Imagining that the ratio of these births to those of girls ought to be the same at the end of each month, they judged that the boys already born would render more probable the births next of girls." In short, the expectant fathers feared that if more sons were born in the surrounding community, then they themselves would be more likely to have a daughter.

Some expectant parents believe that, after having multiple children of the same sex, they are "due" to have a child of the opposite sex. While the Trivers–Willard hypothesis predicts that birth sex is dependent on living conditions (i.e. more male children are born in "good" living conditions, while more female children are born in poorer living conditions), the probability of having a child of either sex is still generally regarded as near 50%.

References

Category:Mathematics

Gambler's fallacy


Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the most loosely attached electron from an atom. The atom is not connected to any other atoms. The chemical elements to the left of the periodic table have a much lower ionization energy. The ones to the right have a much higher ionization energy. The chemical elements down the periodic table have a much lower ionization energy (due to electrons being farther away from the atom with increasing atomic radius). The ionization energy increases as each electron is removed.

Ionization energies are dependent upon the atomic radius. Since going from right to left on the periodic table, the atomic radius increases, and the ionization energy increases from left to right in the periods and up the groups. Exceptions to this trend is observed for alkaline earth metals (group 2) and nitrogen group elements (group 15). Typically, group 2 elements have ionization energy greater than group 13 elements and group 15 elements have greater ionization energy than group 16 elements. Groups 2 and 15 have completely and half-filled electronic configuration respectively, thus, it requires more energy to remove an electron from completely filled orbitals than incompletely filled orbitals.

Alkali metals (IA group) have small ionization energies, especially when compared to halogens or VII A group. In addition to the radius (distance between nucleus and the electrons in outermost orbital), the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron(s) you're looking at in the outermost shell have an effect on the ionization energy as well. This effect, where the full positive charge of the nucleus is not felt by outer electrons due to the negative charges of inner electrons partially canceling out the positive charge, is called shielding. The more electrons shielding the outer electron shell from the nucleus, the less energy required to expel an electron from said atom. The higher the shielding effect the lower the ionization energy. It is because of the shielding effect that the ionization energy decreases from top to bottom within a group. From this trend, Cesium is said to have the lowest ionization energy and Fluorine is said to have the highest ionization energy (with the exception of Helium and Neon).

1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies
The first ionization energy is the energy required to take away an electron from a neutral atom and the second ionization energy is the energy required to take away an electron from an atom with a +1 charge and so on. Each succeeding ionization energy is larger than the preceding energy.

The Effects of Electron Shells on Ionization Energy
Electron orbitals are separated into various shells which have strong impacts on the ionization energies of the various electrons. For instance, let us look at aluminum. Aluminum is the first element of its period with electrons in the 3p shell. This makes the first ionization energy comparably low to the other elements in the same period, because it only has to get rid of one electron to make a stable 3s shell, the new valence electron shell. However, once you've moved past the first ionization energy into the second ionization energy, there is a large jump in the amount of energy required to expel another electron. This is because you now are trying to take an electron from a fairly stable and full 3s electron shell.

Category:Chemistry

Ionization energy


In the Christian religion, The Day of Judgment is the day in the future when all people who are living or who have ever lived will be judged by God.  It is often known as the Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, or sometimes it is called The Day of the Lord.

Beliefs of the early Christians

In the Old Testament the prophets had said that one day God would send his son to forgive people for the wrong things they had done and to save their souls.  In the early years of the Christian church people thought that, although Jesus Christ had now visited the world and died for us on the cross,  salvation will only be completed when the world ends and all people alive or dead will face God who will judge them.

References to the Day of Judgment in the Bible

The Day of the Lord is mentioned several times in the Old Testament (e.g. Book of Ezekiel chapter 13 v.5 and Isaiah chapter 2 v.12).  In the New Testament the coming of Christ as Judge of the world is mentioned very often.  In Paul’s letters and in the Revelation to John, the Christians who are good will reign with Christ for some time in this world.  When Christ comes his arrival will be announced by a trumpet call.  He will come down from heaven.  All the people who are alive will stay alive, and all the people who are dead will become alive again.

Christ’s Second Coming is talked about in the ancient creeds.  In the Apostles' Creed it says: “He ascended into heaven...From thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead”.  In the Nicene Creed it says: “He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead”.

The Day of Judgment in art

This belief about the Day of Judgment  has inspired many painters throughout the ages to draw or paint the Second Coming of Christ.  One of the most famous is Michelangelo’s painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

References

Further reading
New Encyclopaedia Britannica vol 16 p. 369

Category:Eschatology
Category:Christian eschatology
Category:Islam
Category:Judaism
Category:Bible
Category:Afterlife

Day of judgment


There are 4 arrondissements in the Eure-et-Loir department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Eure-et-Loir are:

History
Since its creation, the Eure-et-Loir department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Chartres, Châteaudun, Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais, Dreux, Janville and Nogent-le-Rotrou; the capital was Chartres.
 1800 : creation of four arrondissements: Chartres, Châteaudun, Dreux and Nogent-le-Rotrou.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Nogent-le-Rotrou was eliminated.
 1943 : Nogent-le-Rotrou was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Eure-et-Loir

Arrondissements of the Eure-et-Loir department


An assortment of Channapatna toys and dolls

Channapatna toys are a particular form of wooden toys (and dolls) that are manufactured in the town of Channapatnain the Ramanagara district of Karnataka state, India. This traditional craft is protected as a geographical indication (GI) under the World Trade Organization, administered by the Government of Karnataka. As a result of the popularity of these toys, Channapatna is known as Gombegala Ooru (toy-town) of Karnataka. Traditionally, the work involved lacquering the wood of the Wrightia tinctoria tree, colloquially called Aale mara (ivory-wood). and for for toys is majorly manifactured in channapatna taluk in neelsandra village
Category:Toys
Category:Karnataka

Channapatna


The Landeck District () is a in Tyrol, Austria. It is next to Reutte to the north, Imst to the east, South Tyrol (Italy) and Graubünden (Switzerland) to the south, and Bludenz (Vorarlberg) to the west.

Its area is 1,595 km². As of 2015, 43,886 people lived there. The administrative center is Landeck.

Places
The district has 30 municipalities, one of which is a town.

Towns
 Landeck

Municipalities
 Faggen
 Fendels
 Fiss
 Fließ
 Flirsch
 Galtür
 Grins
 Ischgl
 Kappl
 Kaunerberg
 Kaunertal
 Kauns
 Ladis
 Nauders
 Pettneu am Arlberg
 Pfunds
 Pians
 Prutz
 Ried im Oberinntal
 Sankt Anton am Arlberg
 Schönwies
 See
 Serfaus
 Spiss
 Stanz bei Landeck
 Strengen
 Tobadill
 Tösens
 Zams

Category:Districts of Tyrol (state)

Landeck District


Wehrmacht was the name of the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. The Wehrmacht consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force).

The Waffen-SS, an initially small armed section of Heinrich Himmler's Allgemeine SS that grew to nearly a million strong during World War II, was not part of the Wehrmacht, but subject to its Supreme Command.

Origin and use of the terms
Before the rise of the NSDAP, the term Wehrmacht was used in a generic sense to describe armed forces of any nation, being utilized as the "home defence" version of the more general Streitmacht. For example, the term Britische Wehrmacht would identify the British armed forces. Article 47 of the Weimar Constitution of 1919 declared "Der Reichspräsident hat den Oberbefehl über die gesamte Wehrmacht des Reiches" (meaning: "The Reichspräsident holds supreme command of all armed forces of the Reich"). To make a distinction, the term Reichswehr was commonly used to identify the German armed forces.

In 1935, the Reichswehr was renamed Wehrmacht. After World War II and under the Allied occupation of Germany, the Wehrmacht was abolished.

Today the term Wehrmacht refers to Germany's armed forces during the Nazi Germany era and World War II, both in German and English. Note: The Wehrmacht was not only the army (Wehrmacht Heer). Wehrmacht vehicles used by Heer, Luftwaffe or Kriegsmarine had license plates with WH, WL or WM.

History
World War I ended with the armistice (ceasefire) of 11 November 1918. The armed forces were called Friedensheer (peace army) in January 1919. In March 1919, the national assemby passed a law founding a 420,000 strong preliminary army as Vorläufige Reichswehr. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles were announced in May and, in June, Germany was forced to sign the contract. Among other terms, the army was limited to one hundred thousand men with fifteen thousand more in the navy. Tanks and heavy artillery were forbidden and the air force was dissolved. A new post-war military (the Reichswehr) was established on 23 March 1921.

Germany immediately found ways not to keep to these conditions. A secret collaboration with the Soviet Union began after the treaty of Rapallo. Germany helped the Soviet Union with industrialisation and Soviet officers were to be trained in Germany. German tank and air force specialists could exercise in the Soviet Union. German chemical weapons research and manufacture would be done there, plus other projects. Around three hundred German pilots received training at Lipetsk, some tank training took place near Kazan and toxic gas was developed at Saratov for the German army.

After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934, Hitler assumed the office of Reichspräsident, and thus became commander in chief. All officers and soldiers of the German armed forces had to swear a personal oath of loyalty to the Führer, as  Adolf Hitler now was called. By 1935, Germany was openly breaking the military restrictions of the Versailles Treaty, and conscription was reintroduced on 16 March 1935.

The size of the standing army remained at about the 100,000-man mark decreed by the treaty, but a new group of conscripts equal to this size would receive training each year. The conscription law formalized the name Wehrmacht.  The existence of the Wehrmacht was officially announced on 15 October 1935 under Nazi authority. The insignia was a simpler version of the Iron Cross (the straight-armed so-called Balkenkreuz or beamed cross). This had been used as an aircraft and tank marking late in World War I.

War years

Army
The Wehrmacht entered the war with a minority of its formations motorized; infantry remained approximately 90% foot-borne throughout the war, and artillery primarily horse-drawn. The motorized formations received much attention in the world press in the opening years of the war, and were cited as the reason for the success of the German invasions of Poland (September 1939), Norway (April 1940), Denmark, Belgium, France and Netherlands (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April 1941) and the early campaigns in the Soviet Union (June 1941).

With the entry of the United States in December 1941, the Wehrmacht found itself engaged in ground campaigns against two major industrial powers. At this critical juncture, Hitler assumed personal control of the Wehrmacht high command, and his personal failings as a military commander arguably contributed to major defeats in the spring of 1943, at Stalingrad and Tunis in North Africa.

Air Force
The German Air Force, led by Hermann Göring, contributed many units of ground forces to the war in Russia as well as the Normandy front. In 1940, the Fallschirmjäger paratroops conquered the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael and took part in the airborne invasion of Norway, but after suffering heavy losses in the Battle of Crete, large scale airdrops were discontinued. Operating as ordinary infantry, the 1st Fallschirmjäger Division took part in the Battle of Monte Cassino.

Navy
The German Navy (Kriegsmarine) played a major role in the Second World War as control over the commerce routes in the Atlantic was crucial for Germany, Britain and later the Soviet Union. In the Battle of the Atlantic, the initially successful German U-boat fleet arm was eventually defeated due to Allied technological advances like sonar, radar, and the breaking of the Enigma code. Large surface vessels were few in number due to construction limitations by international treaties prior to 1935. The "pocket battleships" Admiral Graf Spee and Admiral Scheer were important as commerce raiders only in the opening year of the war. No aircraft carrier was operational as German leadership lost interest in the Graf Zeppelin which had been launched in 1938. Following the loss of Bismarck in 1941, with Allied air superiority threatening the remaining battlecruisers in French Atlantic harbours, the ships were ordered to go back to German ports.

Waffen-SS
Although the Waffen-SS was not technically a part of the Wehrmacht, they were under the control of the Wehrmacht High Command during World War 2. They were considered as elite troops, and suffered heavy losses (more than the normal army).

War crimes

The Wehrmacht was used as a tool of state policy in the Second World War, for both military and political aims. There is considerable controversy over the allegations that the Wehrmacht was found to be significantly rather than incidentally involved in the Holocaust, especially because the elements of the SS involved in the Holocaust were not the Waffen-SS and not under the control of the OKW or field commanders. The Wehrmacht ordered and participated in massacres of civilians for reprisals, executions of prisoners of war, summary executions of Soviet political officers and executions of military and civilian hostages as punishment for partisan activities in occupied territories.However, the oft-repeeated claim of breaking the Geneva convention by its treatment of Russian prisoners of war is not correct. Common Clause 2 of the Geneva Convention states that the treatment requirements apply where both parties are signatories of the Conventions. The Germans were signatories, The Russians refused to sign.

Related pages
 Waffen-SS
 World War II

References

 Max Hastings, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy 1944, 1985, reissued 1999, Pan,
 Max Hastings, Armageddon: The Battle for Germany 1945, 2004, Macmillan,
 Anthony A Evans, World War II: An Illustrated Miscellany, 2005, Worth Press,
 Geoffrey P. Megargee, "War of Annihilation. Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front, 1941", 2006, Rowman & Littelefield,
 W.J.K. Davies, German Army Handbook, 1973, Ian Allen Ltd., Shepperton, Surrey,
 Fest, Joachim; Plotting Hitler's Death—The Story of the German Resistance, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1996.

Other websites

 Extensive history and information about German armed forces from 1919 to 1945
 Archives of the German military manuals including secret manuals of Enigma and Cryptography
 The Wehrmacht, the Holocaust, and War Crimes
 The Wehrmacht: A Criminal Organization? A review of Hannes Heer and Klaus Naumann work on the subject

Category:Military of Germany
Category:Nazi Germany

Wehrmacht


The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk is a US military jet aircraft. It was the first stealth aircraft to be declared operational. It was only used by US Air Force until 2003. It was used in the Gulf War. It was also used by NATO air attacks in Kosovo in 1999.

The Lockheed F-117 is a single-seat, twin-engine stealth ground-attack aircraft that is operated by the United States Air Force.  The F-117 was the first flyable aircraft to be designed around stealth technology. It retired in 2008 because of the F-22 Raptor. It is shaped to deflect radar signals. It is limited to subsonic speed. It’s weird 2d shape was from the 1970’s era computer technology.

Category:United States Air Force aircraft
F-117

Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk


Kodiak is a city in Alaska. It is one of 7 towns on Kodiak Island.

The Alutiiq people were the first to live on the island. In the 18th century the town became the capital of Russian Alaska.  Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867. Kodiak became a center for commercial fishing

References

Category:Cities in Alaska
Category:Borough seats in Alaska

Kodiak, Alaska


The flag of the Republic of Kosovo was adopted after its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.

The background of the flag is blue in color. A map of Kosovo and six stars are on the map.  Officially, the stars mean Kosovo's six major ethnic groups.

Reference

Kosovo
Category:Kosovo

Flag of Kosovo


Orion is a spacecraft built by Lockheed Martin for NASA. Each Orion spacecraft will be able to carry up to six astronauts. The Orion vehicle will be launched on the Space Launch System. The first launch (Exploration Flight Test-1) was on the Delta IV Heavy.

Orion will launch from Launch Complex 39B at Kennedy Space Center, the same launch site used by the Space Shuttle and the Saturn V. Orion is meant to take humans to the Moon and Mars.

History

Orion was first made for the Constellation program in 2004, as the Orion CEV (Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle). It was meant to be launched on the Ares I rocket. Then it would be able to go to the International Space Station. It was also planned to go to a spacecraft launched in pieces on different Ares V rockets, and the spacecraft with the Orion would go to the Moon, Mars, or another place.

On October 11, 2010, Constellation was cancelled. They created a new program and a new rocket called the Space Launch System, and changed the name of Orion to the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle. This rocket will launch Orion for going to the Moon in 2022 and the Mars in 2033.

Related pages
 NASA
 Space Launch System

References

Other websites
Orion NASA webpage

Category:NASA spacecraft
Category:Orion program

Orion (spacecraft)


N.K. Zagreb is a football club which plays in Croatia.

League title
Prva HNL : 1
2001/02

League position

Category:Establishments in Croatia
Category:1903 establishments in Europe
Category:Croatian football clubs

N.K. Zagreb


Zaire is one of the 18 provinces of Angola.  It is in the north west of the country.  There are about 600,000 people.  M'Banza Kongo is the capital of the province.

Category:Provinces of Angola

Zaire Province


Crésuz is a municipality of the district of Gruyère in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.

References

Category:Municipalities of Fribourg

Crésuz


A stopwatch is a tool used to measure the amount of time something takes. For example, to learn how soon a car can reach 60 miles per hour, or how much time it takes a runner to run 40 yards. These days, stopwatches are even installed in digital watches. You press a button to start the time and press it again to stop the time. The time is displayed on the screen of it. It even tells you the millisecond!

Category:Clocks
Category:Measuring tools

Stopwatch


Lockdown is a yearly pay-per-view made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The event is usually produced in April. The first Slammiversary event took place on April 24, 2005 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida.

The event features a Six Sides of Steel cage when the ring still had 6 sides. They switched to a normal, 4-sided steel cage in 2010. They also have gimmick matches such as the Lethal Lockdown (which is a variant of the WarGames match that was popularized in World Championship Wrestling), the Xscape match which is a multi-competitor elimination cage match where the last two remaining competitors must climb over or use the door to escape the cage, and the Queen of the Cage match which featured TNA Knockouts.

Dates and venues

Other links
TNA website

Category:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

TNA Lockdown


Scent marks are what animals leave when they are marking their territory. The leader of the pack rubs his/her scent on his/her pack. This helps establish which animal belongs to which pack, and also which animal is the leader.

Other websites

Category:Animals

en:Territory (animal)#Spraying

Scent marks


William Henry Harrison Miller (September 6, 1840–May 25, 1917) was an American lawyer and Attorney General of the United States.

Born in Augusta, New York, Miller  from Hamilton College in 1861. He studied law in the office of Chief Justice Morrison Waite, and was admitted to the bar in Peru, Indiana in 1865. Miller practiced in that city for a short time, and was also the county school examiner. For many years, he was an advisor to General Benjamin Harrison. In 1889, President Harrison made Miller Attorney General. He was Attorney General until 1893.

Miller died in 1917 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and is  in Crown Hill Cemetery in that city.

References

Category:1840 births
Category:1917 deaths
Category:United States Attorneys General
category:Politicians from New York

William H. H. Miller


KatieJane Garside (born Katrina Jane Garside; 8 July 1968) is an English singer-songwriter. She first became known as the singer of the indie rock band Daisy Chainsaw. Garside is now the singer of Ruby Throat.

Career

Daisy Chainsaw
Garside joined the band in 1989. With the band Garside released two extended plays. The band then released one album, Eleventeen in 1992. Their single "Love Your Money" reached number 26 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1992. It is Garside's most successful song so far.

Garside sung on two songs on Creaming Jesus' 1992 album Guilt by Association. She was also in the music video for their single "Lilies".

In 1993, Garside left Daisy Chainsaw. She was replaced with Belinda Leith.

1994-1998
In 1994, Garside sung on the album The Greatest Show of Truth by The Sacred Sawdust Ring.

Garside sung on five songs on Test Dept.'s 1995 album Totality.

Queenadreena
In 1999, she started an alternative rock band called Queenadreena with Crispin Gray. Queenadreena released their first album, Taxidermy, in 2000. In 2002, they released their second album Drink Me. In 2005, their third album The Butcher and the Butterfly was released by One Little Indian. One single was released from the album, "Medicine Jar".

In 2007, the band released Ride a Cock Horse. The next year they released Djin. It was only released in Japan. In September 2009 it was released in the UK.

The band broke up in 2010.

Lalleshwari, Corps Electriques, and Ruby Throat
In 2005, she released an album of songs she made on her own called Lalleshwari/Lullabies in Glass Wilderness.

In 2006, Garside met Chris Wittingham on the London Underground. He was busking there. They started making music together. In 2007 they released an album together called The Ventriloquist under the name Ruby Throat. It has a folk sound. At first they released 500 copies of the cd inside red leather books. The album was released on Amazon in 2008.

In 2008, Garside released an album with Hector Zazou called Corps Electriques. Nils Petter Molvær played the trumpet on it.

In 2009, Ruby Throat released their second album, Out of a Black Cloud Came a Bird. The album has a cover of "Nothing" by Townes Van Zandt. Also that year, Jeff Zetner's album The Dying Days of Summer was released. Garside sung on the thirteenth song on the album, "Where We Fall We'll Lie".

In 2012, they released a third album, O' Doubt O' Stars.

Family life
She has a sister called Melanie Garside. Melanie is also a musician. She was the bass player for Queenadreena.

Garside lives on a boat with Chris Wittingham and their children.

References

Category:1968 births
Category:British folk musicians
Category:English singer-songwriters
Category:Living people
Category:Singers from London
Category:British rock singers

KatieJane Garside


Tagolsheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

Category:Communes in Haut-Rhin

Tagolsheim


Kilpisjärvi is a village in Enontekiö municipality in Lapland, Finland.

History
About 10 km west of Kilpisjärvi is Treriksröset. This is the point where the borders of Finland, Norway and Sweden meet. A monument was built at the exact point in 1926. It replaced an earlier marker built of stone in 1897.

Other websites

 Kilpisjärvi Village's website

Category:Municipalities of Finland

Kilpisjärvi


In Norse mythology, Annar ("second/another") was the second husband of Nótt ("Night") and father of Jörð. He was a grandfather of the god Thor.

In the Gylfaginning, it is said:
"She (Nótt) was wedded to him that was called Annar; Jörð was their daughter."
Category:Norse mythology

Annar


Antiquity may mean:
 Generally it means "ancient history," and may be used for any historical period before the Middle Ages.
 More specifically it means the classical antiquity of ancient Greece and Rome.
 It may also be used for several periods of ancient history, like Ancient Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia or other early civilizations of the Near East. It is less commonly used for civilizations of the Far East.
 The term, almost always in the plural in modern usage, is also used of antiquities, or archaeological or other objects surviving from ancient cultures.
 Antiquity (journal) is a quarterly journal of archaeological research.
 Antiquities (Magic: The Gathering) an expansion to the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.

Antiquity


A sports bra is a bra that is used to support female breasts when doing exercise. They are sturdier than typical bras. They keep the breasts from moving as much.

Other websites

Category:Sports clothing
Category:Breasts

Sports bra


Roma Downey (born 6 May 1960) is an Irish actress. She played the angel Monica in Touched by an Angel. She also played the Virgin Mary in Son of God in 2014.

Downey was born in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. She is currently married to the producer Mark Burnett.

References

Category:Irish movie actors
Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:Irish television actors
Category:Actors from Northern Ireland

Roma Downey


"How Do U Want It" (also called "How Do You Want It"), released in 1996, is a rap single from Tupac Shakur. The song contains samples of the song "Body Heat" from Quincy Jones. It was released on June 16, 1996. Three music videos for the single were released alongside it.

Category:1996 songs
Category:Pop songs

How Do U Want It


Boomerang is a boomerang roller coaster located at Six Flags St. Louis

Category:2013 establishments in the United States

Boomerang (Six Flags St. Louis)


Tsada is a Village in Cyprus in the Paphos District. Paphos is 8 kilometres south of Tsada.

Climate
The Climate in Tsada is classified as Csa "Meditteranean" and has an average annual temperature of 16.7° C .

Topography
Tsada is 8 kilometres north of Paphos and lies at an altitude of 600 metres above sea level.

Nearby villages
Tsada is connected on the northeast by the villages Kallepia, (3.5 km) Letimbou, (6 km) and Polemi (8 km). In the south it is connected with the village of Armou (6 km).  In the southwest it is connected with Tala and the monastery of Agios Neophytos.

References

Tsada


Roberta is a female given name. It is the feminine form of the male name Robert. This female name has been given to several celebrities, including Roberta Flack and Roberta Peters. It was also used for the title of a Broadway musical in the 1930s.

Category:Given names

Roberta


Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon KG MC PC (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was better known throughout his time in office as Sir Anthony Eden.

Eden was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

Eden was one of the best-known politicians of his generation. He was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1935 by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, and resigned in 1938 in protest at Chamberlain's appeasement of Adolf Hitler. He was Churchill's Foreign Secretary during World War II, and again in 19511955.

He had operation to remove gallstones in 1953. The operation went wrong, and his health was ruined. He became Prime Minister in 1955 when Winston Churchill retired. He stopped being Prime Minister in 1957 when Harold Macmillan replaced him. The Suez Crisis of 1956 was a critical period. This and his health led up to his resignation as Prime Minister. Eden died of liver cancer, aged 79. His widow, Clarissa Eden, Countess of Avon, was born in 1920. She is a niece of Winston Churchill.

Eden's life can be described in two halves. The first half, in the 1930s and in wartime, was brilliant. But he is often ranked among the least successful British Prime Ministers of the 20th century, although two broadly sympathetic biographies (in 1986 and 2003) have gone some way to redressing the balance of opinion. D.R. Thorpe says the Suez Crisis "was a truly tragic end to his premiership, and one that came to assume a disproportionate importance in any assessment of his career".

Eden had three sons. The elder and middle sons died before him. His Earl of Avon title was inherited by the younger son, Nicholas. When Nicholas died, the title became extinct.

References

Category:1897 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford
Category:Cancer deaths in England
Category:Deaths from liver cancer
Category:People educated at Eton College
Category:People from County Durham
Category:United Kingdom Earls
Category:Deputy Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
Category:World War II political leaders

Anthony Eden


Paul Labile Pogba is a French professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team.

Pogba began his professional career with Manchester United in 2011. In 2012 he began playing for Juventus. In 2016 he transferred back to Manchester United for a world-record £89m.

International career

He won the World Cup for France against Croatia on 15 July 2018.

References

Category:Living people
Category:French footballers
Category:1993 births
Category:Manchester United F.C. players
Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players
Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players

Paul Pogba


Dawson Creek is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Dawson Creek is in the northeastern part of British Columbia.

The population of Dawson Creek was 11,583 in 2011. The city is named after a creek that runs through. The creek itself is named after George Mercer Dawson by his land survey team when they passed through the area in August 1879.

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:Cities in British Columbia

Dawson Creek


Johannes van Knobelsdorff (19 September 1917 – 2 April 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was born in The Hague. He was mayor of Goedereede and Stellendam from 1947 to 1961. He was also Mayor of Sassenheim from 1961 to 1974. He was also Dijkgraaf.

Knobelsdorff died on 2 April 2020 at the age of 102.

References

Category:1917 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Dutch politicians
Category:People from The Hague
Category:Dutch centenarians

Johannes van Knobelsdorff


Whitman County is a county in Washington in the United States. The county seat is Colfax. 44,776 people lived there at the 2010 census. The county was created on November 29, 1871.

References

Category:19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
Category:1871 establishments in the United States
Category:Washington (state) counties

Whitman County, Washington


Athous is a genus of beetles in the family Elateridae. Beetles in this family are called "click beetles". Athous is one of the largest genera of click beetles, containing more than a hundred species.

Species were first organised into this genus by Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz in 1829.

The larvae, called "wireworms", feed on roots of plants and also on seeds lying on the ground. They are considered pests by farmers because they damage crops. They also live in rotting wood.

References

Other websites

Category:Elateridae

Athous


Forest Law is a tekken fighter from the video games tekken series. He was introduced in Tekken 3, and he returned for Tekken Tag Tournament and its sequel. He is the son of Marshall Law. They have the same fighting style and the same moves. Like his father, Forest is friends with Paul Phoenix.

Category:Tekken characters

Forest Law


Ossi (Ossi) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 5,817 people lived there. Its area is 30.09 km². It is 322 meters above sea level.

References

Other websites

Category:Communes of Sardinia

Ossi


Annihilator are a Canadian thrash metal band from Ottawa, Ontario.

Annihilator was formed in 1984 by lead singer Jeff Waters. He met John Bates and they recorded the song Annihilator together. Waters and Bates recruited drummer Paul Malek and bassist Dave Scott into the band but Bates and Scott left a year later.

The band released their first studio album Alice in Hell on April 17, 1989. They released their second studio album Never, Neverland on September 12, 1990. Both Alice in Hell and Never, Neverland are considered masterpieces of Canadian heavy metal.

Annihilator is the highest selling heavy metal artist in Canadian history, even though most of the sales have not been in the band's home country.

Band members
Current
Jeff Waters - lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar (1984–present)
Dave Padden - vocals, guitar (2003–present)

Live
Alberto "Al" Campuzano – bass (2010–Present)
Mike Harshaw – drums (2012–Present)

Former
John Bates – Lead vocals (1984–1985)
Dave Scott – Bass guitar (1984–1985)
Paul Malek – Drums (1984–1985, 1986)
Richard Death – Drums (1985)
Dennis Dubeau – Lead vocals (1987–1989)
Ray Hartmann – Drums (1987–1992, 1999–2001)
Randy Rampage – Lead vocals (1989, 1998–2000)
Dave Davis – Guitar (1989–1991, 1993–2001)
Wayne Darley – Bass guitar(1989–1993)
Coburn Pharr – Lead vocals (1990–1992)
Neil Goldberg – Guitar (1992–1993)
Aaron Randall – Lead vocals (1992–1994)
Mike Mangini – Drums (1993, 2004–2005, 2007)
Randy Black – Drums (1993–1996, 2002–2003)
Cam Dixon – Bass guitar (1994–1995)
Lou Bujdoso – Bass guitar (1995–1996)
Dave Machander – Drums (1996)
Russell Bergquist – Bass guitar (1999–2003, 2005–2007)
Joe Comeau – Lead vocals (2000–2003)
Curran Murphy – Guitar (2002–2005)
Sandor de Bretan – Bass guitar (2004)
Rob Falzano – Drums (2004)
Tony Chappelle – Drusm (2005)
Alex Landenburg – Drums (2007)
Brian Daemon – Bass guitar (2007)
Carlos Cantatore - Drums (2010)

Discography

Albums
Alice in Hell (1989)
Never, Neverland (1990)
Set the World on Fire (1993)
King of the Kill (1994)
Refresh the Demon (1996)
Remains (1997)
Criteria for a Black Widow (1999)
Carnival Diablos (2001)
Waking the Fury (2002)
All for You (2004)
Schizo Deluxe (2005)
Metal (2007)
Annihilator (2010)

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:1980s music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1984
Category:1990s music groups
Category:2000s music groups
Category:2010s music groups
Category:Canadian heavy metal bands
Category:Canadian thrash metal bands
Category:Speed metal bands
Category:Progressive metal bands

Annihilator


Hardinghen is a commune. It is found in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Hardinghen


Iota (uppercase/lowercase Ι ι), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "i" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 10. Letters that came from it include the Roman I and Cyrillic І.

Category:Greek alphabet
Category:Vowel letters

Iota


Category:Articles with 'species' microformats
Leptothorax pacis is a species of ant. It belongs to the genus Leptothorax. It is endemic to Switzerland.

References

Category:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
Category:Ants

Leptothorax pacis


Whales are large marine mammals which live in the ocean. Like other mammals, they breathe oxygen from the air, have a small amount of hair, and are warm blooded.

There are two basic kinds of whales, and about 100 species.

People use the word whale in different ways.  Some use it for all Cetaceans including dolphins and porpoises.  These people say that dolphins and porpoises were also whales, because they are also Cetaceans.  Others separate out the dolphins and porpoises: common English-speaking people have never called them or thought of them as whales unless they are very large.  Actually, there is no clear line between whales and dolphins.

Whales have been killed for meat and oil by whalers.  However, many countries have laws saying not to kill whales anymore.  Some countries, such as Iceland and Japan, do not have these laws.  In other countries, such as the USA, only Eskimos and some American Indians may legally kill whales such as the blue whale and beluga whale.

Diet
Baleen whales eat plankton and krill. Plankton are clouds of very small fish floating in the water. The whales' mouths are very large. They open their mouths very wide and hold a big mouthful of sea water. Their throats stretch very wide to make the space inside their mouth even bigger. Then they close their mouth and squeeze out the seawater. The food does not escape because, instead of teeth, these whales have filters called baleen. Baleen is long, hard strips that act like a strainer. The water goes through the baleen. Animals and plants in the water are trapped and swallowed, while the water goes back out. This is very different from the way that toothed whales eat.

Toothed whales eat larger fish or meat and are like big dolphins.  They have sharp teeth and usually have a big forehead.  Inside the big forehead is a chamber to make and direct sounds.  They make all kinds of sounds, including sounds so loud they can shock fish.  They can use echolocation to locate things that they can not see.  Some toothed whales, such as the sperm whale, are almost never called dolphins.  Some of them are always called dolphins.  Others are like dolphins in some ways and like whales in others.

Taxonomy
Cetaceans are divided into two suborders:
The largest suborder, Mysticeti (baleen whales) are characterized by baleen, a sieve-like structure in the upper jaw made of keratin, which it uses to filter plankton from the water.
Odontoceti (toothed whales) bear sharp teeth for hunting. Odontoceti also include dolphins and porpoises.

Both cetaceans and artiodactyl are now classified under the super-order  Cetartiodactyla, which includes both whales and hippopotamuses. Whales are the hippopotamus's closest living relatives.

Evolution

All cetaceans, including whales, dolphins and porpoises, are descendants of land-living mammals of the Artiodactyl order (even-toed ungulates). Both are related to Indohyus (an extinct semi-aquatic deer-like ungulate) from which they split around 54 million years ago.
Primitive whales probably first took to the sea about 50 million years ago and became fully aquatic about 5-10 million years later. Pakicetus is an important transitional species.

Physiology
Because of where they live (and unlike many animals), whales are conscious breathers: they decide when to breathe. Whales breathe through blowholes. Baleen whales have two and toothed whales have one. These are on the top of the head: the animal breathes while most of their body is underwater. Breathing first shoots out extra water from the blowhole, making a jet into the air, followed by inhaling air into the lungs.

All mammals sleep, including whales, but they cannot stay in an unconscious state for too long, because they need to be conscious to breathe. It is thought that only one hemisphere (half) of their brains sleeps at a time, so that whales are never completely asleep, but still get the rest they need. Whales are thought to sleep around eight hours a day.

A baby whale is called a "calf". One calf is born every two or three years. Gestation takes up to a year. Nursing continues for more than a year in many species; there is a strong bond between mother and calf. Reproductive maturity occurs at seven to ten years. This mode of reproduction produces few offspring, but increases their chance of surviving. The effect of hunting is severe on these animals, who replace their numbers slowly.

Whale behavior

Socialization
Whales are known to teach, learn, cooperate, scheme, and even grieve.

Breaching
Breaching is what happens when a whale jumps into the air and then purposefully flops down on the water with a great splash. Sometimes it twirls in the air when it does this. Scientists are not sure whether breaching is done to play, to clean the whale's skin of things that are stuck to it, or to tell other whales something.

There are a number of other behaviors on the surface which are not well understood. 'Logging' is when a whale swims slowly at the surface of the ocean with very little movement. When a whale does this, it looks like a log in the water. Some scientists think this is a kind of rest or sleep for whales. 'Spyhopping' is when a whale sits straight up in the water with its head straight up and out of the water. It will sometimes turn around in circles as it spyhops. Some scientists think this might be because whales are trying to see what is happening above water. 'Lobtailing' is done when a whale faces downward in the water. It then slaps the water with a thunderous sound. Scientists think this might be done to warn other whales of danger, or as a method of feeding.

Related pages
 Whaling

References

Other websites

 ARKive - images and movies of whales, dolphins and porpoises
 American Cetacean Society
 Scottish Cetacean Research & Rescue – some interesting things in Taxonomy
 Cetacea.org homepage
 Walker's Mammals of the World Online - Cetaceans
 Whales, dolphins, porpoises and cetaceans forum

Category:Cetaceans

Whale


is a Japanese book. It is a 17th century chronicle (history) of the reigns of the Japanese emperors before the 19th century.

A French translation of Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (Annales des empereurs du Japon) was published in 1834. It was translated by a Dutchman Isaac Titsingh ; this translation was one of very few books about Japan of the time.

First book of its kind in the West
Dutch historian Isaac Titsingh brought the seven volumes of the book with him when he returned to Europe in 1797. He returned after twenty years in Asia.  Titsingh's French translation was published in 1834. The Japanese originals were lost in the 19th century wars in Europe.

This was the first major history of Japan to be published in the West. It was also the first history book by a Japanese writer to be published in Europe.

Isaac Titsingh described Nihon odai ichiran as a very difficult book.  He thought that the translation was "a most tedious task."

In the 1950s, Ōdai-ichiran was evaluated by Japanologist John Whitney Hall who confirmed Titsingh's work is a careful translation from Japanese sources.

Related pages
 History of Japan
 List of Emperors of Japan
 Japanese era name

References

Other websites
Manuscript scans, Waseda University Library

Category:History of Japan

Nihon Odai Ichiran


Patrick "Pat" Tanaka (born August 5, 1961) is an American professional wrestler.

He is best known for working with American Wrestling Association where he was one half of Badd Company and the World Wrestling Federation where he was one half of The Orient Express.

While in AWA, he won the AWA World Tag Team Championship as a member of Badd Company on March 19, 1988 when they defeated the Midnight Rockers. The team held the championships for a year and the lost them to the Olympians (Brad Rheingans and Ken Patera) on March 25, 1989.

In mid-March 2006, he opened Fighting Spirit Dojo in Minster, Ohio along with shoot-fighter Jody Poff. He teaches judo to more than 50 students while Poff teaches a group of mixed-martial-artists.

Championships

American Wrestling Association
AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Paul Diamond)

Continental Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Paul Diamond and Jeff Jarrett (one))
CWA/AWA International Tag Team Championship (five times) (with Paul Diamond (four) and Jeff Jarrett (one))

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #355 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He was ranked #99 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Paul Diamond in 2003.

Universal Wrestling Association
UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bulldog K.T.)

References

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:American professional wrestlers
Category:People from Honolulu
Category:Sportspeople from Hawaii
Category:Former WWE wrestlers

Pat Tanaka


The Society of St. John the Evangelist is an Anglican order. The monks make a vow: They say they want to live in poverty and that they will not marry anyone. The order was founded by Father Richard Meux Benson, an Anglican priest in 1866. Because they were founded in Cowley, near Oxford in England they are also known as the Cowley fathers.

It has two branches, the original one in England, and one in the United States. The house in the United States was founded around the year 1874. The American branch of the society has 2 houses for their monks. Today, there are monasteries in Scotland, India, South Africa, Japan, and Canada.

The monks live under The Rule of the Society of Saint John the Evangelist. The monks spend a lot of time in prayer and they also go on missions. They are one of the first monasteries founded after the Protestant Reformation.

The Fellowship of Saint John
The fellowship of the Society of St.John the Evangelist is a group of people who want to live there lives in close a relation with the monks at the society. They give money to the society and pray for the monks there. They make a rule of life that is similar to The Rule of the Society of St.John the Evangelist. There are about 1,000 men and woman who are apart of the fellowship. One of the most famous members is Frank Griswold.

Category:Anglicanism
Category:Christian religious orders

Society of St. John the Evangelist


Die Entführung aus dem Serail (in English: The Abduction from the Seraglio) is an opera with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It is an example of a Singspiel: a type of German opera which had spoken dialogue as well as singing, and was often about magical stories. Mozart's opera The Magic Flute is also a Singspiel.

The German libretto is by Christoph Friedrich Bretzner and was changed a bit, without Bretzner’s permission, by Gottlieb Stephanie. The story is about the hero Belmonte, helped by his servant Pedrillo, who tries to rescue his beloved Konstanze from the seraglio (palace) of the Pasha Selim.

The opera was first performed by the Nationalsingspiel ("national Singspiel") which was sponsored by the Austrian emperor Joseph II. Mozart arrived in Vienna in 1781 and was looking for an opportunity to get a commission for an opera. He showed one his operas (Zaide) to the manager of the Nationalsingspiel. He was impressed and asked Mozart to write an opera for the company.

The work is lighthearted and meant to be funny. Some of the characters in the story are Turkish. Turkish stories and music were very popular at that time in Europe, and Mozart writes some Turkish music (or what Europeans thought was Turkish music) in this opera. Some of the arias are very difficult to sing, especially the long "Martern aller Arten" ("Tortures of all kinds") sung by Konstanze, which is like a concerto movement. She is accompanied in this aria by an orchestra and four solo instruments.

The opera was a huge success and earned Mozart a good sum of money. However, he was not paid properly for later performances, so it did not make him rich.

When Joseph II heard it he said to Mozart that there were “too many notes”, to which Mozart replied: “There are just as many notes as there should be”.

Instrumentation

The singers perform with a Classical orchestra, to which are added instruments needed for "Turkish" music: bass drum, cymbals, triangle, and piccolo. The main orchestra has pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, trumpets, a set of two timpani, and strings. In the aria, "Sorrow has become my lot", there is also a basset horn.

The story
Place: the country house of the Pasha (German "Bassa"), somewhere along the Mediterranean coast
Time: 18th century

Act 1
Konstanze, and her English servant Blondchen have been captured by pirates who sold them to the Turk, Pasha Selim. Belmonte goes to rescue her. Osmin, the Pasha's servant, comes to pluck figs in the garden and takes no notice of Belmonte who tries to get news about his servant, Pedrillo. Osmin is angry. After he leaves, Belmonte meets Pedrillo and they decide to rescue Konstanze.

Selim appears with Konstanze. He wants her to love her, but she doesn’t. Pedrillo suggests to the Pasha that he should employ Belmonte as builder, but Osmin does not let him come into the palace.

Act 2

Osmin tries roughly to make love to Blondchen. After a duet Osmin departs. Konstanze greets Blondchen in distress and tells her that Selim wants her love and is threatening to use force.

When she has gone, Pedrillo comes to Blondchen, who is his sweetheart, and tells her that Belmonte is near and plans are ready for a rescue attempt. Blondchen is very happy. Pedrillo invites Osmin to drink. Osmin gets drunk and Belmonte gets him out of the way so that Belmonte again sees his beloved Konstanze.

Act 3
Belmonte and Pedrillo come to the garden with ladders. Belmonte manages to snatch Konstanze away, but when Pedrillo is about to escape with Blondchen, they are caught by Osmin, and Belmonte and Konstanze are also brought back by the guard. Belmonte asks the Pasha not to kill them. He says that his father is a rich Spanish governor who will pay a lot of money so that they are freed. Selim Pasha says to Belmonte that he is the son of his greatest enemy, so he is delighted to have caught him. However, the Pasha then becomes kind and decides to forgive them and set them free. Osmin is not happy about this. He would have loved to see them executed.

Category:Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Category:1780s operas
Category:1782

Die Entführung aus dem Serail