Events

Up to 1900
 54  Roman Empire emperor Claudius dies after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina. Nero becomes Emperor.
 409  Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and reach Hispania, present-day Spain.
 1307  All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
 1399  Henry IV of England is crowned King. He founds the Royal House of Lancaster.
 1582  Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
 1644  A Swedish-Dutch fleet defeats the Danes and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
 1710  Port Royal, capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege to British forces.
 1773  Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy.
 1775  The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
 1792  In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
 1803  The first European settlement in Victoria, Australia, is started at Sullivan Bay, Victoria.
 1812  War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights – On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaerof are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
 1825  Ludwig I of Bavaria becomes King.
 1843  In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
 1845  A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
 1881  First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and a group of his friends.
 1884  Greenwich, London is decided as the place that the 0 degree longitude line will pass through.
 1885  The Georgia Institute of Technology is founded of Atlanta, Georgia.
 1898  British passenger ship Mohegan crashes into a reef off Cornwall, sinking within 12 minutes, killing 106 people.

1901  2000
 1911  Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn becomes the first British royal to be Governor-General of Canada.
 1914  The Boston Braves complete a 4 games to 0 win over the Philadelphia Athletics at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts in the first such victory in Baseball World Series history.
 1917  "Miracle of the Sun" is said to have been seen by 70,000 people in Fatima, Portugal.
 1918  Talaat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I.
 1921  The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to determine modern borders between Turkey and the Southern Caucasus states.
 1923  Ankara replaces Istanbul as capital city of Turkey.
 1943  World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
 1944  World War II: Riga, Latvia is occupied by the Red Army.
 1945  The Christian Social Union of Bavaria, the main political party of Bavaria, is founded.
 1946  France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
 1958  Debut of Paddington Bear fictional character, created by Michael Bond.
 1960  1960 World Series: Baseball player Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.
 1962  Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway.
 1967  The first game of the American Basketball Association is played in Oakland, California, as the Oakland Oaks defeat the Anaheim Amigos 134-129.
 1970  Fiji joins the UN.
 1972  An Aeroflot Ilyushin-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176
 1972  Andes flight disaster: Fairchild passenger plane transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 movie Alive: The Miracle of the Andes.
 1976  A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children killed on the ground)
 1976  The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..
 1977  Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
 1990  End of the Lebanese Civil War: Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon, removing Michel Aoun from the Presidential Palace.
 1992  An Antonov An-124 operated by Antonov Airlines crashes near Kiev, Ukraine, killing 8 people.
 1995  Microsoft releases Windows 95.
 1999  The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).

From 2001
 2003  The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
 2006  Ban Ki-moon is chosen to succeed Kofi Annan as UN Secretary-General.
 2006  Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank win the Nobel Peace Prize.
 2010  Miracle of Copiapo: 33 miners, who survived for a record 69 days, trapped underground in the San José mine in Chile, are rescued, in a rescue operation that was followed by people around the world.
 2016  Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand, dies aged 88 after more than 70 years on the throne. He was the world's longest-serving head of state at the time of his death.
 2016  Bob Dylan becomes the first singer-songwriter to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
 2016  The Maldives announce their withdrawal from the Commonwealth of Nations.
 2017  The United States and Israel announce their withdrawal from UNESCO.
 2019  Simone Biles becomes the most-successful ever gymnast at the World Gymnastics Championships.

Births

Up to 1900
 1162  Leonora of England, Queen of Castile (d. 1214)
 1453  Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
 1474  Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1495)
 1499  Claude of France (d. 1524)
 1566  Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
 1613  Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, Queen of Portugal (d. 1666)
 1680  Catherine Opalinska, Queen of Poland (d. 1747)
 1713  Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
 1768  Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French explorer (d. 1839)
 1816  Benjamin H. Brewster, United States Attorney General (d. 1888)
 1820  John William Dawson, Canadian geologist (d. 1899)
 1821  Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist and politician (d. 1902)
 1825  Charles Frederick Worth, English fashion designer (d. 1895)
 1844  Ernest Myers, English poet (d. 1921)
 1853  Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
 1862  Mary Kingsley, British explorer (d. 1900)
 1867  Ramon Maximiliano Valdés, 7th President of Panama (d. 1918)
 1870  Albert Jay Nock, American writer (d. 1945)
 1872  Blaise Diagne, Senegalese politician (d. 1934)
 1874  Jozsef Klekl, Slovenian politician in Hungary (d. 1948)
 1876  Rube Waddell, American baseball player (d. 1914)
 1877  Theodore G. Bilbo, Governor of Mississippi (d. 1947)
 1878  Stepan Shahumyan, Armenian politician and revolutionary (d. 1918)
 1879  Edward Hennig, American gymnast (d. 1960)
 1880  Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
 1883  William Dickey, American diver (d. 1950)
 1887  Jozef Tiso, Slovakian politician (d. 1947)
 1890  Conrad Richter, American writer (d. 1968)
 1891  Irene Rich, American actress (d. 1988)
 1893  Kurt Reidemeister, German mathematician (d. 1971)
 1895  Mike Gazella, American baseball player (d. 1978)
 1896  E. Beatrice Riley, Australian supercentenarian (d. 2009)
 1900  Gerald Marks, American composer (d. 1997)

1901  1950
 1902  Karl Leichter, Estonian musicologist (d. 1987)
 1904  Wilfred Pickles, English actor (d. 1978)
 1905  Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Romanian footballer (d. 1983)
 1905  Yves Allégret, French movie director (d. 1987)
 1908  Steinn Steinarr, Icelandic poet (d. 1958)
 1909  Art Tatum, American jazz musician (d. 1956)
 1911  Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
 1911  Migjeni, Albanian poet (d. 1938)
 1915  Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
 1915  Wesley Powell, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1981)
 1917  George Osmond, patriarch of the Osmonds (d. 2007)
 1920  Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007)
 1921  Yves Montand, French actor and singer (d. 1991)
 1923  Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer (d. 2006)
 1923  Iona Opie, English folklorist
 1924  Terry Gibbs, American jazz musician
 1924  Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (d. 2019)
 1924  Roberto Eduardo Viola, Argentine military leader (d. 1994)
 1925  Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
 1925  Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2013)
 1926  Killer Kowalski, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2008)
 1926  Tommy Whittle, British jazz saxophonist (d. 2013)
 1927  Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophonist
 1927  Turgut Ozal, 8th President of Turkey (d. 1993)
 1929  Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (d. 2018)
 1931  Raymond Kopa, French footballer (d. 2017)
 1933  Narriman Sadek, Egyptian royal
 1933  Mark Zakharov, Russian director and screenwriter (d. 2019)
 1934  Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer and politician
 1934  Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
 1938  Christiane Hörbiger, Austrian actress
 1939  Melinda Dillon, American actress
 1940  Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
 1940  Chris Farlowe, English rock, blues and soul singer
 1941  Paul Simon, American musician and songwriter
 1942  Rutanya Alda, Latvian-American actress
 1943  Edmund Daukoru, OPEC Secretary-General
 1943  Peter Sauber, Swiss Formula One team principal
 1945  Desi Bouterse, President of Suriname
 1946  Edwina Currie, British politician
 1947  Joe Dolce, American-born Australian singer-songwriter
 1947  Sammy Hagar, American singer
 1949  Raimundo Fagner, Brazilian singer, composer and actor
 1949  Marisol Malaret, Puerto Rican model
 1949  Rick Vito, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fleetwood Mac)
 1949  Mark Winzenried, American middle-distance runner
 1950  Rolf Rüssmann, German footballer (d. 2009)

1951  1975
 1952  Mundo Earwood, American country musician and singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
 1954  Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
 1956  Chris Carter, American TV and movie producer, director and writer
 1958  Maria Cantwell, American politician
 1958  Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (d. 2018)
 1959  Marie Osmond, American entertainer
 1960  Joey Belladonna, American musician
 1960  Eric Joyce, Scottish politician
 1960  Ari Fleischer, 24th White House Press Secretary
 1960  Peter Keisler, United States Attorney General
 1961  Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach
 1962  Kelly Preston, American actress
 1962  Jerry Rice, American football player
 1963  Thomas Dörflein, German zookeeper (d. 2008)
 1964  Nie Haisheng, Chinese astronaut
 1964  Christopher Judge, American actor
 1966  John Regis, English athlete
 1967  Trevor Hoffman, American baseball player
 1967  Javier Sotomayor, Cuban athlete
 1967  Kate Walsh, American actress
 1968  Carlos Marin, Spanish baritone (Il Divo)
 1968  Tisha Campbell-Martin, American actress
 1969  Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
 1970  Mel Jackson, American actor and musician
 1970  Paul Potts, English tenor
 1970  Rob Howley, Welsh rugby player and coach
 1971  Sacha Baron Cohen, English actor and comedian
 1971  Kira Reed, American actress and TV host, writer and producer

From 1976
 1977  Katrin Wagner-Augustin, German canoeist
 1977  Paul Pierce, American basketball player
 1977  Antonio Di Natale, Italian footballer
 1978  Wes Brown, English footballer
 1978  Markus Heikkinen, Finnish footballer
 1978  Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
 1980  Magne Hoseth, Norwegian footballer
 1980  David Haye, English boxer
 1980  Scott Parker, English footballer
 1980  Ashanti, American singer and actress
 1981  Kele Okereke, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Bloc Party)
 1982  Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer
 1982  Kevin Clifton, English professional dancer
 1982  Denis Buntic, Croatian handball player
 1984  Misono, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1984  Frank Simek, American basketball player
 1986  Gabriel Agbonlahor, English footballer
 1986  Sergio Pérez Moya, Mexican footballer
 1987  Ashley Newbrough, American actress
 1988  Scott Jamieson, Australian footballer
 1988  Enrique Pérez, Mexican footballer
 1988  Susan Thorsgaard, Danish handball player
 1989  Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, American politician and activist
 1990  Pooja Hegde, Indian model and actress
 1990  Himesh Patel, English actor
 1992  Aaron Dismuke, American voice actor
 1993  Kaito Ishikawa, Japanese voice actor
 1993  D-Pryde, Canadian rapper
 1993  Tiffany Trump, daughter of Donald Trump

Deaths

Up to 1900
 54  Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
 1093  Robert I, Count of Flanders
 1282  Nichiren, Japanese monk (b. 1222)
 1687  Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
 1706  Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
 1715  Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
 1759  John Henley, English clergyman (b. 1692)
 1812  Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
 1815  Joachim Murat, King of Naples, Marshal of France (b. 1767)
 1822  Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (b. 1757)
 1825  Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (b. 1756)
 1852  John Lloyd Stephens, American explorer, writer and diplomat (b. 1805)
 1869  Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
 1882  Arthur Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
 1890  Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court justice (b. 1816)

1901  2000
 1904  Pavlos Melas, Greek military officer (b. 1870)
 1905  Henry Irving, British actor (b. 1838)
 1909  Francisco Ferrer y Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
 1911  Sister Nivedita, Irish-Indian social worker, author and educator (b. 1867)
 1917  Florence La Badie, pioneer actress (b. 1888)
 1919  Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer (born 1857)
 1926  Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (b. 1865)
 1928  Dagmar of Denmark, Empress of Russia (b. 1847)
 1931  Ernst Didring, Swedish writer (b. 1868)
 1938  E.C. Segar, American cartoonist (b. 1892)
 1945  Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
 1955  Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)
 1961  Prince Louis Rwagasore, Prime Minister of Burundi (b. 1932)
 1966  Clifton Webb, actor (b. 1889)
 1968  Bea Benaderet, actress (b. 1906)
 1974  Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
 1979  Antonio Berni, Argentine painter, illustrator and engraver (b. 1905)
 1981  Rebecca Clarke, composer and violist (b. 1886)
 1987  Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist (b. 1902)
 1987  Kishore Kumar, Indian singer (b. 1929)
 1989  Merab Kostava, Georgian political activist (b. 1939)
 1990  Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1911)
 1993  Wade Flemons, American singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
 1996  Beryl Reid, English actress (b. 1919)
 1998  Dmitry Filippov, Russian politician (b. 1944)
 2000  Gus Hall, American Communist politician (b. 1910)

From 2001
 2001  Peter Doyle, Australian singer (b. 1949)
 2002  Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
 2003  Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel Prize-winning Canadian physicist (b. 1918)
 2006  Dino Monduzzi, Italian cardinal (b. 1922)
 2007  Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929)
 2008  Alexei Cherepanov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1989)
 2008  Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (b. 1971)
 2009  Al Martino, American musician (b. 1927)
 2012  Gary Collins, American actor and television host (b. 1938)
 2013  Olga Aroseva, Russian actress (b. 1926)
 2013  Tommy Whittle, British jazz saxophonist (b. 1926)
 2014  Antonio Cafiero, Argentine politician (b. 1922)
 2014  Pontus Segerström, Swedish footballer (b. 1981)
 2015  Sue Lloyd-Roberts, English journalist (b. 1950)
 2016  Dario Fo, Italian writer, playwright, theatre director and actor (b. 1926)
 2016  Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (b. 1946)
 2016  Jim Prentice, Canadian politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (b. 1956)
 2017  Satish Chandra, Indian historian (b. 1922)
 2017  Pierre Hanon, Belgian footballer (b. 1936)
 2017  Bo Holmström, Swedish journalist (b. 1938)
 2017  William Lombardy, American chess player (b. 1937)
 2017  Albert Zafy, President of Madagascar (b. 1927)
 2018  Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, Cameroonian philosopher (b. 1934)
 2018  William Coors, American brewer (b. 1916)
 2018  Nikolai Pankin, Russian swimmer (b. 1949)
 2018  Jim Taylor, American football player (b. 1935)
 2018  Robert W. Doran, New Zealand computer scientist (b. 1944)
 2018  Edgar S. Harris Jr., American Air Force lieutenant general (b. 1925)
 2018  Patricia Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham, British politician (b. 1941)
 2019  Scotty Bowers, American author (b. 1923)
 2019  Richard Huckle, British sex offender (b. 1986)
 2019  Charles Jencks, American architect and philanthropist (b. 1939)
 2019  Vasim Mammadiyev, Azerbaijani theologian (b. 1942)
 2019  Adolfo Mexiac, Mexican artist (b. 1927)

Observances
 National Police Day (Thailand)
 International Day for Disaster Reduction

Category:Days of the year

October 13


Angela Dorothea Merkel (born Angela Dorothea Kasner on 17 July 1954 in Hamburg) is a German politician, and has been Chancellor of Germany since 22 November 2005.

She was born in Hamburg, at the time part of West Germany, and grew up in the former German Democratic Republic, where she lived until the reuniting of Germany in 1990. Merkel is now married to Joachim Sauer, a professor of chemistry. From 2000 to 2018, she was the chairperson (was in charge of) the German conservative party, the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).

Merkel became Germany's first female chancellor on 22 November 2005 in a coalition of the two biggest German political parties, the CDU/CSU and SPD. After the next election in 2009, she formed a coalition with the German liberal party FDP. After the 2013 and 2017 Federal Elections, she again emerged as chancellor of a coalition government.

Her father was a Lutheran pastor and her mother a school teacher. Before becoming a politician, she worked as a researcher in Physical Chemistry. In December 2015, she was named as Time magazine's Person of the Year.

In October 2018, Merkel announced her permanent retirement from politics, as she said she would not seek reelection as leader of the CDU at the party convention in December 2018 and as Chancellor in 2021. After this, another female politician, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, replaced her as CDU leader.

References

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chancellors of Germany
Category:Current national leaders
Category:East German people
Category:German chemists
Category:German Lutherans
Category:Government ministers of Germany
Category:Members of the German Bundestag
Category:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Politicians from Hamburg
Category:Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Category:Time People of the Year
Category:Women politicians

Angela Merkel


"One" is a rock ballad from the Irish rock group U2. The song is about breakups and wanting to stay together. It is the third song from their studio album Achtung Baby. It was released in March 1992 as the album's third single.

"One" was released as a charity benefit single. Profits from the song went to AIDS research. The song reached the top of the Irish Singles Charts, the U.S. Billboard Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks. The song hit #10 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song has been redone by many artists, like Adam Lambert, Damien Rice and Johnny Cash.

References

Category:Rock ballads
Category:1992 songs
Category:U2

One (U2 song)


Alexandra "Sandy" Ratcliff (2 October 1948 – 6 April 2019) was an English actress. She was best known for being one of the original cast members in the BBC soap opera EastEnders in the 1980s. She portrayed played Sue Osman but left the role in 1989, after it was revealed that she was addicted to heroin and alcohol. Ratcliff was born in London.

Ratcliff died in her sleep at her home in London on 6 April 2019, aged 70.

References

Category:1948 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:English movie actors
Category:English television actors
Category:English stage actors
Category:Actors from London

Sandy Ratcliff


Werner Michael Blumenthal (born January 3, 1926) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1979.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:Living people
Category:United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Category:US Democratic Party politicians

W. Michael Blumenthal


Perfume is a liquid that gives people, things and rooms a good smell. It is made of oils which give off scent to the surrounding air. The odoriferous compounds that make up a perfume can be manufactured synthetically or extracted from plant or animal sources.

Perfumes were used in the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin. The artificial compounds gave a wider ranger of scents than natural materials.

Perfume smells more when temperature is warmer. So people put it on the neck, wrist and back of the knee, because these parts are warmer. Eau de Cologne is a type of perfume which can be splashed on the body. It is not so concentrated as the usual perfumes.

Sources

Plants
Today, most common essential oils, such as lavender, peppermint, and eucalyptus, are distilled. Raw plant material, the flowers, leaves, wood, bark, roots, seeds, or peel, is put into a  distillation apparatus over water.  As the water is heated, the steam passes through the plant material collecting the scents. The steam flow through a coil, where it is condensing back to liquid, which is then collected.

Most citrus peel oils are cold pressed, like olive oil production. Citrus-fruit oils are cheaper than most other essential oils. Lemon or sweet orange oils got as by-products of the citrus industry are even cheaper.

Animal sources

Ambergris: lumps of  fatty compounds, secreted and expelled by the sperm whale. Because the harvesting of ambergris causes no harm to the whales, collecting it is not controversial.
Castoreum: from the scent glands of the North American beaver.
Civet musk: from the odorous sacs of civets, which are animals in the family Viverridae, related to the mongoose.
Honeycomb: from the honeycomb of the honeybee.
Deer musk: from the musk sacs from the Asian musk deer.

Other natural sources
 Lichen. Commonly used lichens include oakmoss and treemoss thalli.
 Seaweed. Distillates are sometimes used as essential oil in perfumes. An example of a commonly used seaweed is Fucus vesiculosus, the bladder wrack. Natural seaweed fragrances are rarely used due to their higher cost and lower potency than synthetics.

Synthetic sources
Many modern perfumes contain synthesized odorants. Synthetics can provide fragrances which are not found in nature. For instance, Calone, a compound of synthetic origin, gives a fresh metallic marine scent that is widely used. Synthetic aromatics are often used as an alternate to compounds that are not easily got from natural sources.

History

The word perfume used today derives from the Latin per fumum, meaning "through smoke." Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt and was further refined by the Romans and Persians.

The world's first recorded chemist is considered to be a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the still several times.

In 2005, archaeologists uncovered what are believed to be the world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus. The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years. The perfumes were discovered in an ancient perfumery. At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were found in the  factory. In ancient times people used herbs and spices, like almond, coriander, myrtle, conifer resin, bergamot, as well as flowers.

The Arabian alchemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote in the 9th century a book on perfumes which contained more than a hundred recipes for fragrant oils and medical substances.

The Persian chemist Avicenna introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation, the procedure most commonly used today. He first experimented with the rose. Until his discovery, liquid perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which made a strong scent. Rose water was more delicate, and immediately became popular.

The art of perfumery was known in western Europe since the 13th or 14th centuries. By the 18th century, aromatic plants were grown in France, Sicily, and Italy.

References

Perfume


Tu Aashiqui (English: You are love) is a 2017 Indian musical romance television show based on two lovers effort to unite. It is produced by Mahesh Bhatt under Gurudev Bhalla production house. It stars Jannat Zubair Rahmani and Ritvik Arora in lead roles of Pankti and Ahaan respectively. It stars Krissann Barretto, Rahil Azam and Buneet Kapoor as antagonists Rangoli, Jayant and Vikram respectively. The series was premiered on Colors TV on 20 September 2017.

Cast

Main cast
Jannat Zubair Rahmani as Pankti Sharma, Ahaan's Lover (Main Female Lead / Protagonist)
Ritvik Arora as Ahaan Manav Dhanrajgir, Pankti's Lover (Main Male Lead / Protagonist)
Krissann Barretto as Rangoli Rai, a famous singer (Main Female Lead Antagonist)
Rahil Azam as Jayant Dhanrajgir "JD", Ahaan's Paternal Uncle (Main Male Lead Antagonist)
Buneet Kapoor as Vikram Jayant Dhanrajgir, Ahaan’s Paternal Cousin Brother (Parallel Male Lead Antagonist)

Recurring
Gauri Pradhan Tejwani as Anita Sharma, Pankti's Mother
Raqesh Vashisth as Reyansh Diwan (Fake personality of JD, JD wearing a mask)
Nidhi Shah as Poorva Sharma, Pankti's Elder Sister & Monty's Lover
Kiran Raj as Murali  "Monty" Shetty, Poorva's Lover
Rushal Parakh as Uday, Ahaan's Best Friend & Manager
Shagun Sharma as Richa Vikram Dhanrajgir (née Richa Thakur), Pankti's Best Friend & Vikram's Wife
Sachin Sharma as Manav Dhanrajgir, Ahaan's Father
Dolphin Dubey as Aparna Manav Dhanrajgir, Ahaan's Mother
Himanshi Chaudhry as Sheetal Rajput, Ahaan's Paternal Aunt
Reem Sameer Shaikh as Sanaya Seth, Ahaan’s Childhood Friend

References

Category:2017 Indian television series debuts
Category:Hindi-language television series

Tu Aashiqui


Wright State University is a public university in Dayton, Ohio. The university has about 19,793 students. It was founded in 1967. The current president of the university is David R. Hopkins, P.E.D. . The University is named after the Wright brothers.

Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Raiders. They have 17 varsity teams and they compete in the Horizon League.

Other websites
Wright State University's Official website
Wright State Raiders' Official athletics website

Category:Horizon League
Category:Colleges and universities in Ohio
Category:1967 establishments in the United States
Category:1960s establishments in Ohio

Wright State University


Frogs are amphibians of the order Anura. There is not much difference between frogs and toads, and they are not classified separately. This is because the toad lifestyle, with its dry, rough, skin, is an adaptation to living in drier habitats. The toad form has evolved a number of times independently, an example of convergent evolution.

Frogs can live on land and in fresh water. They cannot survive in salt water. Their development is by metamorphosis. They usually hatch as tadpoles  from eggs, which are laid by a female frog. The eggs are called frogspawn. Tadpoles have tails and gills. The next stage, the "froglet," develops lungs to breathe air instead of gills, but still have tails. The fully grown frog has long legs and no tail.

Adult frogs can jump with their legs. They have long tongues that they use to catch bugs. They make a sound called a croak. Some species live in trees, and some types of frog are protected by being poisonous. Frogs live all over the world. If a foreign species of frogs is introduced to another country, the local ecosystem might be affected.

Frog legs are sometimes eaten as food in France, China, and the Midwest of the United States.  The killing of frogs might have an effect on the ecosystem. For example, frogs eat mosquitoes. If frogs are killed, then there are fewer frogs to eat mosquitoes, so more and more mosquitoes are born. Therefore, in these areas, there are more diseases that mosquitoes carry, because there are more mosquitoes. However, for this to apply, frogs would have to be a major predator of mosquitoes. This would only rarely be the case.

Frogs are members of the class Lissamphibia, the only class of amphibia which has survived to the present day.

Characteristics
Frogs are cold blooded animals. This means that they need heat to keep up their body temperature. If the temperature outside is cold, amphibians will not be active. Amphibians can get heat from the sun, usually indirectly: whereas reptiles can bask in the sun, amphibia usually do not, because it dries their skin. Some frogs aestivate during winter or during droughts. They usually look for underground place to aestivate. These include burrowing in muds and holes. They survive by getting oxygen through their skin. They come out when the weather outside is favourable.

Frogs have skin with no scales or hair. They can take in oxygen from either water or air. Mucus that helps their skin to stay wet and slippery. Many amphibians have toxic skin. They have secretions which makes their skin poisonous.

Many frogs are semi-aquatic. They may live on both land and in water, and in any event prefer damp places. These include ponds, swamps, rivers and lakes. Most adults live where they grew up. Most amphibians lay their eggs in foam nests.

Toads
A toad is a type of frog. It is not a scientific term, but a popular one. The reason it is not used in taxonomy is that the toad life-style has evolved a number of separate times in various groups of frogs.

All toads are frogs, but not all frogs are toads. Toads mainly evolved in dry climates, so many toads have rougher, browner skin.  Many toads also burrow, though that depends on the environment that the toad evolved in. Toads lay eggs in strings attached to rocks, unlike true frogs which lay eggs in a jelly-like mass. Also, toads generally have shorter legs and fatter bodies. Toads have paratoid glands behind their eyes which are used to make poison.

Development
Even though it is true that most frogs develop from tadpoles, and tadpoles develop from egs laid in water, there are exceptions. Normally the eggs are fertilised after they are laid, that is, outside the body. However, some use internal fertilisation, though how the males do it is not known. When they are fertilised internally, they also lay eggs, but this time the eggs are already fertilised.

However, a new species has been discovered in Sulawasi, Indonesia, which gives birth to live tadpoles. The frog is now known as Limnonectes larvaepartus. The Limnonectes family are known as 'fanged frogs' because of twin projections on their lower jaws that are used in fighting. Sulawesi is an island which is rapidly losing its forests. The tropical forest is where this frog lives.

Distribution and habitats
Despite these limitations, frogs are widespread, and have adapted to many climates, even deserts. They rely on specific adaptations to survive. Members of the genus Cyclorana live in the Australian central desert. They bury themselves underground where they create a waterproof cocoon in which to aestivate during dry periods. Once it rains, they come out, find a temporary pool, and breed. Egg and tadpole development is very fast in comparison to those of most other frogs, so breeding can be completed before the pond dries up.

Some frog species are adapted to a cold environment. The wood frog (Rana sylvatica), whose habitat extends into the Arctic Circle, buries itself in the ground during winter. Although much of its body freezes during this time, its high concentration of glucose in its vital organs protects them from damage.

There are a number of tiny tree frogs which develop from eggs laid in water pools on tropical leaves many meters above the ground. Most of these species do not come to the ground except to mate. Tree frogs have evolved a number of times, but they all have almost identical adaptations. Many millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in almost identical morphology and habits.

Overall, frogs are a successful and widespread group. There are about 4,800 recorded species, which is over 85% of living amphibian species. They are one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders.

Largest, smallest
The largest frog is the African Goliath frog (Conraua goliath). The maximum recoreded weight is 3.8 kg (8.4 lb), and a snout-to-vent length of 39 cm (15 in).
Paedophryne amauensis is not just the smallest frog, but the smallest vertebrate, 7.7 millimetres (0.30 in) long.

References

Frog


The Great Stink was in central London in July and August 1858. During hot weather the smell of untreated faeces was overpowering.

It was caused by untreated human waste in the River Thames, and on its banks. An ageing and inadequate sewer system emptied directly into the Thames.

The bad air was thought to transmit contagious diseases. There were three outbreaks of cholera before the Great Stink was blamed on the problems with the river. A proposal from  the civil engineer Joseph Bazalgette for sewage treatment was finally accepted.

References

Category:1858
Category:1850s in the United Kingdom
Category:19th century in London
Category:Infectious diseases
Category:Water infrastructure

Great Stink


Mississauga, Ontario is the sixth-largest city in Canada. It is near the largest city in Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In fact, it is a part of the Greater Toronto Area.

Visitor attractions
 Art Gallery of Mississauga, a free gallery in the Civic Centre showcasing local art
 Benares Historic House
 Bradley House Museum
 Living Arts Centre, a showcase for the arts
 Opera Mississauga
 Heritage Mississauga
 Portuguese Cultural Centre of Mississauga
 Renaissance Catering & Convention Centre

History
On August 2, 1805, Toronto Township was formed when officials from York (what is now the City of Toronto) purchased 84,000 acres (340 km²) of land from the Mississaugas. In January 2010, the Mississaugas and the federal government settled a land claim. The aboriginal people received $145,000,000 from that.

After the land was surveyed, much of it was given in the form of land grants to United Empire Loyalists. They emigrated from the Thirteen Colonies during and after the American Revolution, as well as loyalists from New Brunswick. A group of settlers from New York City arrived in the 1830s. In 1820, the government purchased additional land from the Mississaugas. Additional settlements were established, including: Barbertown, Britannia, Burnhamthorpe, Derry West, Elmbank, Malton, Meadowvale Village, Mount Charles, and Streetsville. European-Canadian growth led to the eventual displacement of the Mississaugas. In 1847, the government relocated them to a reserve in the Grand River Valley, near present-day Hagersville.

In 1873, the Toronto Township Council was formed to oversee the events of the various villages that were unincorporated at that time. The Council's responsibilities included road maintenance, and a police force. Most of present-day Mississauga was agricultural land: including fruit orchards, through much of the 19th and first half of the 20th century. Exceptions included small villages, some gristmills and brickworks served by railway lines,

In the 1920s, cottages were constructed along the shores of Lake Ontario for people who lived in the city. 17 years later in 1937, 1,410.8 acres of land was sold to build the Malton Airport (later known as the Pearson Airport). It became Canada's busiest airport which also put the end to the community of Elmank.

The township settlements of Lakeview, Cooksville, Lorne Park, Clarkson, Erindale, Sheridan, Dixie, Meadowvale Village, and Malton were combined in 1968 to form the Town of Mississauga. At the time, both Port Credit and Streetsville were left out and remained separate. The town name was chosen by voting. In 1974, Port Credit and Streetsville became part of Mississauga. In that same year, the Square One Shopping Centre opened.

On November 10, 1979, a freight train left its tracks on the Canadian Pacific rail line while carrying explosive and poisonous chemicals just north of the intersection of Mavis Road and Dundas Street. One of the tank cars carrying propane exploded. Since other tank cars were carrying chlorine, the decision was made to evacuate nearby residents. With the possibility of a deadly cloud of chlorine gas spreading through Mississauga, 218,000 people were evacuated. Residents were allowed to return home, once the area was safe. It was one of the largest evacuations in North American history.

Geography

Mississauga covers  of land, with  of shoreline on Lake Ontario.

Statistics
Mississauga is a quickly growing and multicultural city. Statistics Canada estimates that Mississauga now has 704,000 people, an increase of 150,000 from the previous decade and the population has almost doubled in the past twenty years.

Law and Government
Mississauga has only had three mayors in its past and it was created in 1974. This is because the mayor right now, Hazel McCallion, 93, has been mayor from 1978.

Mayors
 Dr. Martin L. Dobkin 1974-1976
 Ron A. Searle 1976-1978
 Hazel McCallion 1978-2014
 Bonnie Crombie 2014-now

Council
Mississauga is split into 11 wards (parts) each of them having their own councillor.

 Ward 1 Jim Tovey
 Ward 2 Patricia Mullin
 Ward 3 Maja Prentice
 Ward 4 Frank Dale
 Ward 5 Eve Adams
 Ward 6 Carolyn Parrish
 Ward 7 Nando Iannica
 Ward 8 Katie Mahoney
 Ward 9 Pat Saito
 Ward 10 Sue McFadden
 Ward 11 George Carlson

Also, Mississauga is the largest city in Canada where there are more women in the council than men.

Federal and Provincial Ridings
Mississauga has six legislative (government) ridings that are the same for the Canadian government and the Ontario government. The Canadian government has people in charge of those ridings called M.P.'s (Member of Parliament) and the Ontario government has M.P.P.'s (Member of Provincial Parliament) in charge of them.

 Bramalea-Gore-Malton
 M.P.: Gurbax Malhi (Liberal)
 M.P.P.: Kuldip Kular (Liberal)

 Mississauga-Erindale
 M.P.: Bob Dechert (Conservative)
 M.P.P.: Harinder Takhar (Liberal)

 Mississauga-Brampton South
 M.P.: Navdeep Bains (Liberal)
 M.P.P: Amrit Mangat (Liberal)

 Mississauga East-Cooksville
 M.P.: Albina Guarnieri (Liberal)
 M.P.P.:

 Mississauga South
 M.P.:
 M.P.P.: Charles Sousa (Liberal)

 Mississauga-Streetsville
 M.P.: Bonnie Crombie (Liberal)
 M.P.P.: Bob Delaney (Liberal)

References

Category:Cities in Ontario

Mississauga


Batabanó is a municipality and city in the La Habana Province of Cuba. It was founded in 1688. It is crossed by several rivers.  In 2004, 25,664 people lived there.

References

Category:Cities in Cuba
Category:1688 establishments
Category:Establishments in Cuba
Category:1680s establishments in North America

Batabanó, Cuba


Elijah of Tishbe is a person in the Abrahamic religions. His name means "Yahweh is God". He was a prophet in Israel in the 9th century BC. He appears in the Hebrew Bible, Baha'i scripture, Mishnah, New Testament, and the Qur'an. He is best known for being Israel's most famous prophet, his brave challenge to Baal's prophets on Mt. Carmel, and going up to heaven in a whirlwind.

The Widow At Zarephath

Elijah went to the king, Ahab, who rejected God because of his even more sinful wife, Jezebel of Tyre, who stood as a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness. He went to Ahab and God said through his lips (1 Kings chapter 17, NIV), "As the Lord, the God of Israel lives, whom I serve, there will be neither dew nor rain in the next few years except at my word."
Then Elijah followed the Lord's command and "went eastward and hid in the Kerith Ravine, east of the Jordan."
He "drank from the brook, and God had ordered ravens to feed him there".
The ravens brought him bread and meat in the morning and bread and meat in the evening, and he drank from the brook (because it did not rain, as he prophesied).

But then the brook dried up because of so little rain, and Elijah received the message from the Lord: "Go at once to Zarephath of Sidon and stay there. I have commanded a widow in the place to supply you with food" (1 Kings 17:9).
So Elijah went, and met the widow gathering sticks to make the last meal for her son and herself.
But when he called her and requested her to get himself some jar in a water and bread, she objected, (1 Kings 17:12) "As surely as the Lord your God lives, I don't have any bread - only a handful of flour in a jar and a little oil in a jug. I am gathering a few sticks to take home and make a meal for myself and my son, that we may eat it - and die."
Then Elijah said to the widow, "Don't be afraid. Go home and do as you have said. But first make a small cake of bread for me from what you have and bring it to me, and then make something for yourself and your son. For this is what the Lord, the God of Israel says: 'The jar of flour will not be used up nd the jug of oil will not run dry until the day the Lord gives rain on the land.'" So the widow did as Elijah told her to do, and there was enough food in the widow's house for everybody.

But then the son of the widow grew ill. He finally, after growing more and more worse, stopped breathing.
The widow became so very worried, and called Elijah--"What do you have against me, man of God? Did you come to remind me of my sin and kill my son?"
And Elijah replied, "Give me your son." He took him and carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his bed. Then he cried out to the Lord, "O Lord my God, have you brought tragedy also upon this widow I am staying with, by causing her son to die?" Then he stretched himself upon the boy three times (probably to give to the boy his body warmth, though his prayer shows that he expected the life of the child to come back as an answer to prayer, not by physical touch), and cried out to the Lord, "O Lord my God, let this boy's life return to him!"
And the boy returned to life, making the woman admit that Elijah is "a man of God and that the word of the Lord from your mouth is the truth": a confession the Lord's own people Israel had not made. This is the first example of raising the dead in the Bible.

Obadiah and Ahab
Then Elijah went to "present himself to Ahab" as the Lord commanded him to, and he met Obadiah, the honorable man who had kept loyal to the Lord and had hidden 100 priests of God that King Ahab had tried to kill. Obadiah recognized Elijah and respectfully bowed down to the ground, exclaiming, "Is it really you, my lord Elijah?"
Elijah replied yes, and ordered him to go and tell Ahab that he is here. Obadiah refused, crying, "What have I done you wrong that you are handing your servant over to Ahab to be put to death?" and declaring how he had "hid a hundred of the Lord's prophets in two caves, fifty in each, and supplied them with food and water." and that if Ahab came and saw that Elijah was gone and not here, he would surely kill him.

Elijah replied, the more the calmly, "As the Lord Almighty lives, whom I serve, I will surely present myself to Ahab today."
So Obadiah went to meet Ahab and told him, and Ahab went to meet Elijah. They argued, and Elijah told Ahab to "summon the people from all over Israel" to meet him on the Mount Carmel, and to "bring the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel's table". And surprisingly, Ahab obeyed him.

Then, when all the Israelis and prophets of Baal were summoned, they prepared two altars - one for Elijah, and for the Lord the God of Israel - and one for the priests of Baal. Then Elijah went to the people and said, "How long will you waver between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him." but the people did nor say anything, so he continued: "I am the only one of the Lord's prophets left, but Baal has four hundred and fifty prophets. Get two bulls for us. Let them choose one for themselves, and let them cut it into pieces and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. I will prepare the other bull and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. Then you call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord. The god who answers by fire--he is the God." (1 Kings 18:20)

The people agreed to this, and they did as Elijah said. Then the priests of Baal all prepared the bull, and called to Baal all morning till noon. "O Baal, answer us!" but the so-called "Baal" made no reply at all - and the prophets grew weary and discouraged. Elijah, however, was pleased, and he teased them (1 King 18:27), "Shout louder! Surely he is a god! Perhaps he is deep in thought, or busy, or traveling. Maybe he is sleeping and must be awakened." So they shouted even louder and slashed themselves with swords and spears wildly, as was their custom, until the blood flowed from their wounds. After midday passed, it was Elijah's turn - and nobody paid attention to the Baal prophets anymore - so he prepared the sacrifice, and ordered (1 Kings 18:33), "Fill four large jars with water and pour it on the offering and on the wood."

(verse 34) And he said, "Do it again." and they did it again, and a third time, as he said.
Then, after there was so much water it ran down the trench, he stepped forward and prayed (1 Kings 18:36 to 37): "O Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are God, and that you are turning their hearts back again."

Then the fire of the Lord fell and burned up the sacrifice, the wood, the stones and the soil, and also licked up the water in the trench. All the people were awed, and they "fell prostrate" and repented. Then they all seized the prophets of Baal, as Elijah had told them to, and slaughtered them at Kishon Valley. And Ahab went off to eat and drink as Elijah told him to. Then, after climbing the mountain of Carmel and asking his servant seven times if he saw anything above the ocean, the servant answered him at the seventh time--"A cloud as small as a man's hand is rising from the sea." And Elijah told his servant to inform Ahab to go home, because a big rainstorm was coming. Ahab rushed into his chariot and raced home, but the "Power of the Lord came upon Elijah and, tucking his cloak into his belt, he ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel".

Elijah flees to Horeb
After that, Ahab told to Jezebel about what had happened about Elijah and how the prophets of Baal had been killed by the people of Israel. Jezebel got angry, and sent a message to Elijah that "by this time of the day tomorrow" she would make his "life like that of one of them", referring to the prophets of Baal.
Elijah became scared, and ran away to Beersheba in Judah, left his servant there, and went ahead for a day's journey in the desert. Finally, he came to a broom tree, sat down under it and prayed that he might die (1 Kings 19:4). "I have had enough, Lord," he complained unhappily, "Take my life; I am no better than my ancestors." And he lay down and fell asleep. But the Lord sent an angel to wake him up and feed him some water and a cake of bread "baked over hot coals". Elijah ate and drank and lay down again, and the angel came back again and woke him, and gave him more food. Strengthened by that food, Elijah got up and traveled forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God. There he went into a cave and spent the night.

And the Lord appeared to him and asked, "What are you doing here, Elijah?"
He replied not the answer to the Lord's question, but instead of how he had "been very zealous for the Lord God Almighty" and how the Israelites were being unfair to him. The Lord told him to go out and stand on the mountain in the presence of the Lord.
Then the Lord sent a great and powerful wind, and an earthquake, a fire, but the Lord was not in neither: and finally he came in a gentle whisper, and Elijah went out, pulling his cloak over his face. The Lord had tried to show him through all those winds and earthquakes and fires that the Lord was not always harsh, but was more gentle. The Lord asked once again, "What are you doing here, Elijah?" but Elijah again ignored the question and complained about how he had been "Zealous for the Lord God Almighty". So the Lord told him to go anoint many new political and religious leaders, and he did. And he took Elisha, for his next prophet and companion.

Elijah and Ahaziah

After Ahab died, Ahaziah was crowned king, and he became ill. So he sent some people to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron, to see if he would recover. However, God was very angry and told Elijah to prophesy against Ahaziah. So on the way, Elijah went and met the servants, and told them (2 Kings 1:6) as the Lord had instructed him, "Go back to the king who sent you and tell him, 'This is what the Lord says:Is it because there was no God in Israel that you are sending men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore (Because of this) you will not leave the bed you are lying on. You will certainly (surely) die!'" And the messengers did has he was told. At King Ahaziah's questions, they described Elijah as "a man with a garment of hair and with a leather belt around his waist". Elijah's cloak was probably of sheepskin or camel's hair, like John the Baptist's, and showed a big difference from the other rich, well-dressed people at that time. He was protesting against the selfishness of the king and the upper classes. The king recognized Elijah by that description (because Elijah had met Ahab, his father, many times), and sent a captain and fifty men to get him. Maybe Ahaziah thought, like many people at that time who did not believe in God, that if he killed Elijah or forced him to change the curse, it would not happen.

The captain he sent said to Elijah, who was sitting on the top of a hill, "Man of God, the king says, 'Come down!'" Ahaziah was trying to place Elijah, the prophet, under his, a king's, power. According to Israel's covenant (promise) with God, the king was supposed to be under the power of the word of the Lord spoken by his prophets.

But Elijah did not come down instead said (2 Kings 1:10, NIV) "If I am a man of God, may fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty men! Then fire fell from heaven and consumed the captain and his men. With this, Elijah was showing the king that in Israel, a king was only a servant of the real king, God. Later, Jesus's warning to his disciples when they were trying to call fire down to destroy the Samaritans was not to disapprove of what Elijah did, but to show his disciples that the problem between Elijah and the king and the unfaithfulness of the Samaritans was very different.

The king sent to Elijah another captain with his fifty men, and they, too, were burned up by fire. Finally, the king sent a third captain with his fifty men, who "...fell on his knees before Elijah..." and bowed before him, humbly asking him to come. Elijah was told by the angel of the Lord to go down, so he went down and told the king again, "You will certainly die!" "So he died, according to the word of the Lord that Elijah had spoken". (2 Kings 1:17, NIV)

Ascension to heaven
After that, Elijah went to Elisha, and they both went on their way from Gilgal. Elijah said to Elisha, "Stay here; the Lord has sent me to Bethel." but Elijah insisted upon going, so they went down together to Bethel.
The company of the prophets at Bethel came out to Elisha and asked, "Do you know that the Lord is going to take your master from you today?"
Elisha said that he knew; but warned them not to speak of it. Then Elijah said to him to stay there, and that the Lord had sent him to the Jordan by himself, but Elisha did not obey, and insisted on going with Elijah. Elijah then asked, "Tell me, what can I do for you before I am taken from you?" and Elisha replied: "Let me inherit a double portion of your spirit."
Elijah then agreed, but only if Elisha would see him be taken to heaven. They were walking along when suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind. Elisha cried, "My father! My father! The chariots and horsemen of Israel!" Elisha showed Elijah as a symbol of the true strength of Israel. Elisha picked up Elijah's cloak and used it to divide the water in the river of Jordan: so this cloak symbolized that Elisha had now taken Elijah's place.

References

Other websites

 www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
 www.biblicalstudies.org.uk

Category:Religious leaders
Category:Old Testament people
Category:Ancient Israeli people

Elijah


Steve Hrymnak (born March 3, 1926 in Port Arthur, Ontario) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. His career included playing 18 games in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Red Wings.

Other websites

Category:1926 births
Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Category:Chicago Blackhawks players
Category:Detroit Red Wings players
Category:Eastern Hockey League players
Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario
Category:Living people
Category:People from Thunder Bay

Steve Hrymnak


Östersund is a town in the county of Jämtland in Sweden. It is the seat of Östersund Municipality.

References

Other websites

Category:1786 establishments in Europe
Category:18th century establishments in Sweden

Östersund


Raja Dahir ( b. 679, d. 712) was a Sindhi Hindu ruler. He was the last Sindi Hindu in Sindh and parts of Punjab in what is Pakistan today. In the early part of the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi took control of Dahir's kingdom for the Umayyad Caliphate.

Related pages
 Cheema

Sources
 Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg: The Chachnamah, An Ancient History of Sind, Giving the Hindu period down to the Arab Conquest. Translated by from the Persian by, Commissioners Press 1900
 Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas, Delhi, 1934
 R.C. Majumdar, H.C. Roychandra and Kalikinkar Ditta. : An Advanced History of India, Part II,
 Tareekh-Sind, By Mavlana Syed Abu Zafar Nadvi

Category:Indian leaders
Category:History of India
Category:History of Pakistan
Category:679 births
Category:712 deaths

Raja Dahir


A welfare state is where the government has a duty to provide some level of basic support for welfare of its citizens, including Social Security. In politics, conservatives are against welfare states.

Examples
Schooling can be free, and it can be a duty of state to help ill people. The government may give money to people who do not have as much as most other people. The state may also give homes to people who do not have them.  To make this happen there may have to be taxes, and usually rich people have to pay most taxes. The taxes vary, however, to ensure that the less rich people can afford to pay them. For example, in the UK, poorer people have to pay a smaller part of their income as income tax than the rich. There are also taxes put on things that people do not have to pay if they do not do certain things, such as buying as much. This is called VAT (Value Added Tax), which typically deducts 20% so that there is no fixed amount of tax to pay.  A Welfare State could also be paid for if the government borrows money from people, mainly by selling bonds. It is run by the government which helps the poor and the needy out.

Welfare states
The most known welfare states are Nordic countries.  The United Kingdom, Canada, and France are some other examples of welfare states.

Related pages
Economic, social and cultural rights
Social democracy

Category:Politics

Welfare state


Perstorp is an urban area in the county of Skåne in Sweden. It is the seat of Perstorp Municipality.

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Skane County

Perstorp


Angel Stadium of Anaheim is a baseball park in Anaheim, California. It is the home field of the Los Angeles Angels. It opened in 1966. It has had several names over the years. It began as Anaheim Stadium.

Sources
Green Cathedrals, by Philip J. Lowry

Category:Major League Baseball venues
Category:Sports buildings in California
Category:Anaheim, California
Category:Baseball stadiums
Category:Los Angeles Angels
Category:1966 establishments in California

Angel Stadium of Anaheim


John Paul Kline, Jr. (born September 6, 1947) is an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from  from 2003 to 2017. A member of the Republican Party, Kline was the Chairman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.

Other websites
 Congressman John Kline official U.S. House site
 John Kline for Congress

 Profile at SourceWatch
 Campaign 2006: John Kline profile from Minnesota Public Radio

Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:United States representatives from Minnesota
Category:Politicians from Pennsylvania
Category:People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Category:US Republican Party politicians

John Kline


Châtillens was a municipality in Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2012 the municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye joined together to become the new municipality of Oron.

References

Category:Former municipalities of Vaud

Châtillens


The Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland in the United States. Johns Hopkins opened in 1876 as part of a seven million dollar donation to start a number of institutions under his name. Johns Hopkins does more than 1.5 billion dollars of science research every year.

References

Other websites
 Johns Hopkins University

Category:Association of American Universities
Category:Colleges and universities in Maryland
Category:Baltimore, Maryland
Category:1876 establishments in the United States
Category:19th-century establishments in Maryland

Johns Hopkins University


Cérilly is a French commune. It is in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Cérilly, Allier


Schröck is a country subdivision of Marburg in Hesse.
Schröck has a population of 1,796 and was first mentioned around 1233 under the name of Scrikkede. The village has one primary school and various sporting places, such as a tennis hall and an outdoor sports arena.

Other websites

 Official website
 Information about Schröck at www.marburg.de

Category:Villages in Hesse
Category:Marburg-Biedenkopf

Schröck


{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Kinabalu
| other_name = Gunung Kinabalu'
| photo = MtKinabalu_view_from_kundasan.jpg
| photo_caption = Mount Kinabalu
| elevation_m = 4096
| prominence_m = 4096
| prominence_ref = Ranked 20th
| listing = Country high pointUltraSpesial (Ribu)
| range = Crocker Range
| location = Sabah, Borneo,Malaysia
| label_position = bottom
| coordinates       =
| coordinates_ref =
| first_ascent = March 1851Hugh Low (summit plateau)
1888John Whitehead (highest peak)
| easiest_route = Hiking
}}

Mount Kinabalu  is a high mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. This is in Malaysia.

The mountain is protected as a park, named Kinabalu Park. The park was awarded the country's first World Heritage Site. Because of over 5,000 plant species, it is also one of the world’s most important biological sites.

At its peak, the indigenous Kadazan people make their homes there. The mountain's name comes from the name "Akinabalu" (meaning Revered Place of the Dead'').

References

Other websites

Category:World Heritage Sites in Asia
Category:Mountains of Asia
Category:Geography of Malaysia

Mount Kinabalu


Bernard Ferdinand Popp (December 6, 1917 – June 27, 2014) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

Popp was born in Nada, Texas in 1917. He was ordained a priest on February 24, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. Popp was appointed Auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Antonio Texas along with Titular Bishop of Capsus on June 3, 1983 and consecrated July 25, 1983.

Bishop Popp retired as Auxiliary bishop of San Antonio March 23, 1993. He died on June 27, 2014, aged 96.

References

Category:1917 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:American Roman Catholics
Category:People from San Antonio, Texas

Bernard Ferdinand Popp


Jeffrey David Sachs (; born November 5, 1954) is an American economist, academic and public policy analyst. He is the former director of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is known as one of the world's leading experts on economic development and the fight against poverty.

References

Other websites

 UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
 Earth Institute Director's Page
 Millennium Villages Project

 Ending America's War of Choice in the Middle East

Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:American economists
Category:American academics
Category:Writers from Detroit, Michigan

Jeffrey Sachs


Until Dawn is an interactive drama survival horror video game developed by Supermassive Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 4. It was originally scheduled to be released on the PlayStation 3 and feature PlayStation Move support, but in August 2014, the game was reintroduced as a PlayStation 4 exclusive, and was released worldwide in August 2015.

References

Category:2015 video games
Category:Horror video games

Until Dawn


Filipino Americans are people with Filipino ethnicity who are citizens, nationals, or residents of the United States.

References

Category:Ethnic groups in the United States

Filipino Americans


A character actor is an actor who plays a particular kind of character in a play, movie, television program, opera or ballet.  The character actor is not the main part.  He is not the lover or hero.  He has a character which helps to support the main characters and therefore the story.

Character roles may be roles such as: the faithful servant, the maid, the villain, the mother-in-law, the priest etc.  They may or may not be comic characters.

For example, in The Wizard of Oz the main character is Dorothy.  The Scarecrow, the Lion and the Tin Man are character roles.

Some actors or singers prefer character roles to main roles.  It may be because this kind or role suits their personality or their singing voice.  Some people nearly always play the same kind of character role.  We say that people like that are "typecast".  Some actors are happy to remain typecast.  Others may wish to broaden their repertoire and take on different roles.

Related pages
Title role

*

Character actor


The title of Prince of Carignan is the French form of the Italian title of Prince of Carignano. The title is more often than not seen in its French form due to the many ties the Carignans had with French royalty and the minor nobility  The title stems from a younger son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. Due to their links with the former Ducal family of Savoy the Prince was entitled to the highest rank at the Savoyard court and should the ruling Duke die without heirs the Prince was entitled to succeed to the Ducal throne. The Princes had a Palace in Turin called the Palazzo Carignano. The title is similar to that of Prince of Condé in France.

It was a junior line of the House of Savoy. It was founded by Prince Thomas Francis of Savoy, Prince di Carignano 21 December 1596 – 22 January 1656), an Italian military commander. His descendants were accepted as princes strangers (Foreign Princes) at the court of France, where some held prominent positions, eventually coming to reign as kings of Sardinia from 1831 to 1861 and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the dynasty's deposition in 1946. The Carignanos also, briefly, supplied a king each to Spain and to Croatia, as well as queens consort to Bulgaria and Portugal.

Following the succession of Charles Albert to the throne the title was not used again the family preferring to use other titles named after Italian cities.  The famous Princess Marie Louise of Savoy (princesse de Lamballe) was a Savoyard princess of this line.

List of Princes

 Thomas Francis (1620-1656). The first Prince and founder of the line.  He married Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons and had children.
 Emmanuel Philibert (1656-1709)  Second prince who married Maria Vittoria of Savoy and had children.
 Victor Amadeus (1709-1741)
 Louis Victor (1741-1778)  married Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg and had children.
 Victor Amadeus (1778-1780) married Princess Joséphine of Lorraine and also had further children.
 Charles Emmanuel (1780-1800) married Princess Maria Christina of Saxony.
 Charles Albert (1800-1831). Later succeeded to the Sardinian throne who married Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria.

Styles of address
Sometimes the style of Highness was used but at the Savoyard and French courts the style of Serene Highness was more often than not used

References

Category:Princes and Princesses of Savoy

Prince of Carignan


Rick "Ricky" Talan (3 November 1960 – 30 September 2015) was a Dutch footballer. He was striker. He played for the clubs AZ Alkmaar, Vitesse, Cercle Brugge and Haarlem between 1979 and 1988.

Talan was born in Katwijk, South Holland. His younger brother, Jeffrey Talan, was also a footballer.

Talan died from brain cancer on 30 September 2015 in Zevenaar, Gelderland. He was 54.

References

Category:1960 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Category:Deaths from brain cancer
Category:Dutch footballers
Category:Sportspeople from South Holland

Ricky Talan


Russian literature is literature written in the Russian language or by Russian people. Famous writers who were Russian include Leo Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Gogol, Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Sholokhov and Solzhenitsyn.

Russian literature


Emma's Theatre is an Israeli-Canadian-British computer animated television series that formerly aired on Kids' CBC in Canada, and Playhouse Disney in the United States from June 10, 2007 to May 9, 2009, and currently aired on BabyTV in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Latin America, Malaysia, Turkey, and Israel. The program aims to introduce babies and toddlers to different cultures and to expose them to different places and countries through short stories. The show is produced by PitchiPoy Animation Productions and distributed by Decode Entertainment, a DHX Media company.

Premise
Emma is a 5-year-old girl who plays a puppet show with a puppet theatre in her room, taking viewers on an adventure to a different place in the world in each episode. Through short stories, Emma introduces different countries and cultures with the help of her puppets. There is also a magic door that has rainbows, a sun and trees. During the ending credits, Emma thanks them and says goodbye to each other.

Characters
 Emma (voiced by Tabitha St. Germain, Andrea Harris in the UK, and Rona Bekerman in Israel) is a little 5-year-old girl who loves to put on a puppet shows with her four charming and cute little puppets.
 Puppet #1 (voiced by Kathleen Barr, Carrie Mullan in the UK, and Einat Azulay in Israel) is a young male puppet with black hair and a yellow t-shirt.
 Puppet #2 (voiced by Britt McKillip, Joanna Ruiz in the UK, and Talya Barkay in Israel) is a young female puppet with blonde hair with two pigtails and a magenta t-shirt.
 Puppet #3 (voiced by Chantal Strand, Jo Wyatt in the UK, and Dikla Hadar in Israel) is a young female puppet with black hair and a red dress.
 Puppet #4 (voiced by Ian James Corlett, Ben Small in the UK, and Dan Kiesler in Israel) is a young male puppet with spiky orange hair and a green t-shirt.

Category:2000s Canadian television series
Category:2000s British television series
Category:2007 British television series debuts
Category:2009 British television series endings

Emma's Theatre


Glamis Castle is one of the most famous castles in the United Kingdom. It is near the village of Glamis, in Angus, Scotland. It is the home of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Glamis Castle was the childhood home of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, best known as the Queen Mother. Her daughter, Princess Margaret, was born there. A picture of the castle is featured on the Royal Bank of Scotland ten pound note.

Parts of the castle and its gardens are open to the public. There is also a tea room for visitors.

There are many famous stories and legends about Glamis Castle. It is said to have more "dark secrets" than any other home in Scotland.

Setting
Glamis Castle is set in the wide valley of Strathmore, near Forfar, the capital of Angus. It is between the Sidlaw Hills to the south and the Grampian Mountains to the north, approximately 20 kilometres from the North Sea.

The estate (the castle's land) covers more than 14,000 acres (57 km²). There are gardens and walking trails, as well as a farm which produces beef and a plantation (planted forest) which produces timber. There are two streams run through the estate. Near one stream, called the Glamis Burn is an arboretum (a tree garden) which has trees from all over the world, many of them rare and several hundred years old. Birds and other small wildlife can often be seen in the grounds.

History, legends and tales

 People have lived in the area of Glamis Castle since Prehistoric times, and signs of these people can sometimes be found.
 A stone with richly carved decoration was found in a creek-bed nearby. It is known as the Eassie Stone and it is believed to date from about 600 AD.
 It is believed by many people that in 1034, Malcolm II of Scotland was murdered at Glamis. On the official website of Glamis castle, it says that in 1034, King Malcolm II was wounded in a battle and was taken to a Royal Hunting Lodge, where he died. Later, the castle was built where the Hunting Lodge had been.
 Since 1372 Glamis Castle was home to the Lords of Glamis.
 The most famous legend is that of the Monster of Glamis. The Monster was a very ugly disabled child who was kept hidden in the castle all his life. It is said that his rooms were bricked up after his death.
 A different version of the legend is that in every generation of the family, a vampire child is born. The vampire children are walled up in that room.
 The legend of the monster may have come from the true story of the Ogilvie family. The Ogilvie family hid at Glamis Castle when they were trying to escape from their enemies, the Lindsays. But they were found, and put into a small room in the walls, which are 16 fet thick. The door was bricked up and the family were left to die of starvation.
 There is a story that some visiors who were staying at the Castle tried to find the hidden rooms. They hung towels from the windows of every room that they could find. Then they went outside and looked up. They could see some windows that had no towels. They thought that these must be the windows of the hidden rooms.
 Another legend tells that the monster is in Loch Calder near the castle.
 There is a small chapel in the castle, with seating for 46 people. One seat in the chapel is always kept empty for a ghost called the "Grey Lady". The "Grey Lady" is thought to be Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis. No one is allowed to sit in that seat.
 The legend of Earl Beardie tells about how he played cards with the Devil. The Earl was a guest in Glamis Castle. One night he was drunk and wanted to play cards. It was the Sunday, and no-one else wanted to play because it was a Holy Day. Lord Beardie was so angry that he said that he would play with the Devil himself. A stranger knocked at the castle door and asked if Lord Beardie would play cards with him. They began to play in one of the rooms. Later, the servants heard yelling and swearing coming from the room. One peeped through the keyhole, but there was a flash of light through the keyhole that blinded him. The stranger had disappeared, and had taken the Earl's soul with him. Many people say that they have heard the shouting and the sound of dice rolling, as the Earl is still playing cards with the Devil.

Glamis in fiction
In William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, Macbeth murders King Duncan at Glamis Castle. The historical ruler Macbeth of Scotland did not really live at Glamis Castle.
Glamis Castle is also in Kelley Armstrong's fantasy novel Haunted.
The legendary "Horror of Glamis" in an issue of Grant Morrison's comic book series, The Invisibles...

Related pages
 Scotland
 Castle

References

Other websites

 Glamis Castle web site
 Ghosts and Hauntings in Glamis Castle

Category:Castles in Scotland
Category:Angus

Glamis Castle


The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a large group of North American mountains. They are partly in Canada, but mostly in the United States. They form an area from 100 to 300 miles wide, running 1,500 miles from the island of Newfoundland in Canada to central Alabama in the United States.

The individual mountains average around 3,000 ft (900 m) in height. The highest is Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina (6,684 ft or 2,037m). Mt. Mitchell is also the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River as well as the highest point in eastern North America.

The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel. Ridgelines and valleys run north-south and travelers must climb them again and again. Only a few mountain passes run east-west. The Erie Canal was built through one of them. In most places the Appalachians are the watershed between the drainage basins of the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean.

The term Appalachia is used to refer to regions associated with the mountain range. It refers to the mountain range and the hills and plateau region around it. The term is often used to refer to areas in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. These areas usually include parts of the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina, and sometimes extending as far south as northern Georgia and western South Carolina, as far north as Pennsylvania, and as far west as southeastern Ohio. In 1965 the United States Congress  created an Appalachian Regional Commission to include these areas and more, as far west as Mississippi.

History of the range

The Appalachians today are the worn-down remains of a once huge mountain chain. They first formed about 480 million years ago during the Ordovician. They once were as high as the Alps and the Rocky Mountains.

The birth of the Appalachian ranges, some 480 million years ago (mya), was the first of several mountain-building plate collisions as the supercontinent Pangaea formed. The Appalachians were at the center of the newly formed Pangaea. North America and Africa were connected, and the Appalachians were part of the same mountain chain as the "Anti-Atlas" or Little Atlas Mountains in Morocco. This mountain range, known as the Central Pangean Mountains, extended into Scotland, from the North America/Europe collision (see Caledonian orogeny).

Point of interest:  The Appalachian National Scenic Trail in the US is about 3,500km (2,190 miles) long and travels through 14 states from Georgia to Maine.

References

Category:Mountains of North America

Appalachian Mountains


The South Moravian Region is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic. The capital city is Brno.

The region is famous for its wine production. The area around the towns of Mikulov, Znojmo, Velké Pavlovice along with the Slovácko region provide 94% of the Czech Republic's vineyards.

Podyjí National Park is situated in the south-eastern part of the region.

Administrative divisions
The South Moravian Region is divided into 7 districts:

Places of interest
 Brno with Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, Villa Tugendhat, Capuchin Crypt, etc.
 Dolní Věstonice archeological site
 Lednice-Valtice - inscribed in UNESCO World Heritage List
 Macocha Gorge
 Automobile and motorbike races at Masaryk Circuit
 Podyjí National Park
 Slavkov u Brna (Austerlitz) - a town well known for the  Battle of Austerlitz
 Vranov nad Dyjí and its castle
 White Carpathians biosphere reservation

References

Category:Regions of the Czech Republic

South Moravian Region


Trevor James Morgan (born 30 September 1956) is a British professional athlete and coach.  He is best known as an Association football or soccer player.

Since 2010, he has been the coach at East Bengal F.C..

References

Other websites
 Soccerbase.com,  Trevor Morgan
 Newcastlefans.com, Trevor Morgan

Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:English footballers

Trevor Morgan (footballer)


An ectopic pregnancy is a when an embryo implants itself (sticks to somewhere) outside the uterus. In a normal pregnancy, the embryo implants (sticks) itself into the wall of the uterus.  The uterus is the only place in the body where an embryo can grow into a fetus.

Most ectopic pregnancies happen in a Fallopian tube (one of the two tubes that connect the ovaries and the uterus).  For this reason, ectopic pregnancies are often called tubal pregnancies.  Rarely, ectopic pregnancies can happen in an ovary or in the cervix.

Ectopic pregnancies cannot become normal pregnancies, and will not result in a baby.  They can also cause serious health problems for the mother.

Risk Factors
Risk factors (things that make a woman more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy) include:
 Having an ectopic pregnancy before
 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
 Damage to the Fallopian tubes caused by surgery
 Fallopian tubes that are not a normal shape
 Getting pregnant after having a tubal ligation or while an IUD is in place.

Symptoms
At first, there may be no symptoms.  A woman may not even know she is pregnant at this point.  Sometimes she might have pain in her pelvis, or bleeding from her vagina.

But once the embryo has grown for about 6 to 8 weeks, it gets large enough to make the Fallopian tube rupture (break open).  This is a medical emergency, and can kill a woman.

Once the Fallopian tube has ruptured, it will start to bleed into the abdomen.  Symptoms will include:
 Pain that starts very quickly and is very sharp.  The pain will be right above the pubic area, but only on one side at first.
 After a while, the pain will spread to the rest of the abdomen.  As the Fallopian tube bleeds, the blood irritates the rest of the abdomen and causes pain.
 Eventually, the woman can lose so much blood by bleeding into her abdomen that she can faint, go into shock, or die.

Diagnosis and Treatment
A physician can do an exam of the pelvis to test for sensitivity and pain, to figure out if a woman has an ectopic pregnancy. There are also blood tests for the pregnancy hormone hCG. In a normal pregnancy, the hGC levels double every day.  Low levels are evidence of a problem, like an ectopic pregnancy. An ultrasound can also be used to see if the embryo is implanted in the uterus or not.

There are two main ways to treat an ectopic pregnancy if it is diagnosed before the Fallopian tube ruptures. The first is with the medicine methotrexate.  If it is given early enough, it can cause an abortion and end the pregnancy. The second is with a surgery called a laparoscopy (a surgery done with a laser).  The surgeon makes a small cut in the belly and removes the embryo. A laparoscopy is done after the first few weeks of the pregnancy.

Once the Fallopian tube ruptures, emergency surgery is needed to fix the broken Fallopian tube and remove the blood from inside the abdomen.  The patient may also needed to be treated for blood loss.

Results
An ectopic pregnancy cannot become a baby. But it can have effects on future pregnancies and fertility. Because in an ectopic pregnancy the embryo usually grows in a Fallopian tube, the Fallopian tube can become damaged.  This makes it more likely for another embryo to get stuck there. The likeness of another ectopic pregnancy depends on the amount of damage to the Fallopian tube, and the health of the tubes. However, even after a ectopic pregnancy, it is entirely possible to have a normal pregnancy.

References

Category:Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system

Ectopic pregnancy


Bosler is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States, along the Laramie River.  It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 30 and 287 north of Laramie.  Its elevation is 7,080 feet (2,158 m).  Although Bosler is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 82051.

References

Category:Albany County, Wyoming
Category:Unincorporated communities in Wyoming

Bosler, Wyoming


Hunter × Hunter is a manga (Japanese comic) made by Yoshihiro Togashi. The story is about a young boy named Gon Freecss, who wants to be a hunter and find his father. A "hunter" is a job for people who have fantastic abilities.

The manga was first published on March 3, 1998 in a Japanese magazine called Shonen Jump. However, the maker Yoshihiro Togashi has often taken frequent breaks from writing since 2006. In 1999, a 62-episode anime television series produced from Hunter × Hunter. The series was produced by Nippon Animation and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi. The show ran until 2001. A second anime television series by Madhouse aired on Nippon Television. The series was aired from October 2011 to September 2014. There are also many audio albums, video games, musicals, and other media based on Hunter × Hunter. The manga has been translated into English and released in North America by Viz Media since April 2005. Both television series were also licensed by Viz. The first series was aired on the Funimation Channel in 2009 and the second series premiered on Adult Swim's Toonami block since April 16, 2016.

Hunter × Hunter became one of Shueisha's best-selling manga series. 66 million copies of this manga were sold in Japan alone as of 2014.

Characters

Gon Freecss
Gon Freecss is the main series protagonist, an athletic, naïve, and friendly boy who becomes Hunter to search for his estranged father Ging. After becoming a licensed Hunter, Gon gains Killua as a traveling companion as learn about Nen from Wing and later train further under Biscuit Krueger. Gon's Nen affinity is Enhancement, developing his "Ja Jan Ken" fighting style after rock-paper-scissors. However, Gon loses his ability to use Nen following his battle with the Chimera Ant Neferpitou.

Killua Zoldyck
Killua Zoldyck is Gon’s best friend and member of the infamous Zoldyck Family of assassins, having been trained since birth and conditioned to possess extreme tolerance for poison, electricity and pain. Although Killua fails during his first Hunter Exam by killing an opponent, due to his elder brother Illumi's influence, he passes his second after eliminating all other applicants in the very first trial. Killua remained by Gon's during the first half of the series until the end of the Chimera Ant arc. Killua's Nen affinity is Transmutation, which allows him to change the properties of his aura into electricity. Killua applies this to his nervous to developed his "Godspeed" Hatsu, which allows him to move at immeasurable speeds.

Kurapika
Kurapika is the sole survivor of the Kurta clan, an enthnic group whose irises that turn scarlet in emotional stress, who were slaughtered by the Phantom Troupe to sell their eyes in the black market. Kurapika participates in the Hunter Exam alongside Gon, Leorio and Killua in order to become a Blacklist Hunter and use his achieve to avenge his people by any means. This included aligning himself with the Nostrade mafia family as a bodyguards. He later joins the Zodiacs as the "Rat" at Leorio's recommendation, accepting the position upon being told that Tserriednich Hui Guo Rou has the last batch of scarlet eyes that he needs to retrieve. This leads to his accompanying Woble Hui Guo Rou to the Dark Continent as her bodyguard. Kurapika's Nen affinity is normally Conjuration, creating five chains: "Dowsing Chain: The Guiding Ring Finger" for dowsing and normal attacks,  "Chain Jail: The Restraining Middle Finger" which he can only use on Phantom Troupe members, "Holy Chain: Healing
Thumb" heals any injury with the crucifix on the end. "Judgement Chain: Arbiter Little Finger" kills the target should they violent any rule Kurapika imposes, and "Thieving Index Finger: Steal Chain" extract another person' aura and Nen ability. But when Kurapika's eyes turn scarlet, he gains a Specialist affinity that allows him to use the Hatsu "Emperor Time: Absolute Mastery", utilizing 100% of all Nen types but loses a hour of hour from each second he uses it while enhancing his chains' ability like "Stealth Dolphin: Index Finger in Emperor Time".

Leorio Paradinight
Leorio Paradinight is a young adult who befriends Gon, Kurapika and Killua during the Hunter Exam while wanting to become a Hunter to pay his way through medical school and treat the impoverished for free. Leorio is later invited to become a member of the Zodiacs as the "Boar" and joins their expedition to the Dark Continent. Leorio's Nen affinity is Emission.

Hisoka Morow
Hisoka Morow is a serial killer who combines his magic tricks with violence, being aroused by battling those he considers strong. Hisoka took an interest in Gon since first meeting him during the Hunter Exam, letting him and his friends live so that they grow into more worthy opponents while helping them for his own benefit. Hisoka also infiltrated the Phantom Troupe for chance to fight their leader Chrollo Lucilfer, aiding the Phantom Troupe restore Chrollo's Nen ability for his benefit. But after temporary killed fighting Chrollo in Heavens Arena, Hisoka revives himself and goes on a killing rampage against the Phantom Troupe. Hisoka's Nen affinity is Transmution, most often uses his ability "Elastic Love - Bungee Gum" make his aura elastic and sticky like gum.

References

Category:Manga series
Category:1998 establishments in Japan
Category:1998 manga

Hunter × Hunter


Rocky De La Fuente ran a third-party campaign for the presidency of the United States in the 2016 election. De La Fuente had sought the Democratic Party's nomination during their presidential primaries. De La Fuente's campaign did not win a single delegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention, but he came in fourth by total votes received.

De La Fuente founded the American Delta Party, and ran as its presidential nominee with running mate Michael Steinberg. He was also nominated as the presidential nominee of the Reform Party which has ballot access in Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

References

Other websites

Rocky 2016 campaign website

Columnist Dave Barry on meeting De la Fuente

Category:2016 United States presidential campaigns

Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign


Mia Marianne och Per Filip is a Swedish Christian music duo consisting of Mia Marianne Waldenstad and Per Filip Waldenstad. The dueo has scored album chart successes in Sweden.

References

Category:Swedish musical groups
Category:Christian music bands

Mia Marianne och Per Filip


In computer science, runtime or run time describes the operation of a computer program, the duration of its execution, from beginning to termination.

The term runtime can also refer to a virtual machine to manage a program written in a computer language while it is running.

Run time is sometimes used to mean  runtime library, a library of basic code that is used by a particular compiler but when used in this fashion, runtime library is more accurate.

A runtime environment is a virtual machine state which provides software services for processes or programs while a computer is running.

Runtime activities include loading and linking of the classes needed to execute a program, optional machine code generation and dynamic optimization of the program, and actual program execution.

For example, a program written in Java calls for services from the Java Runtime Environment by issuing commands from which the expected result is returned by the Java Runtime. By providing these services, the Java Runtime Environment is considered the runtime environment of the program. Both the program and the Java Runtime Environment request services from the operating system. The operating system kernel provides services for itself and all processes and software running under its control. The Operating System may be considered as providing a runtime environment for itself.

Related pages
 Compile time and compiling
 Interpreter (computing)
 Run-time system

References

 Jon Byous, Java technology: The early years. Sun Developer Network, no date [ca. 1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
 James Gosling, A brief history of the Green project. Java.net, no date [ca. Q1/1998]. Retrieved April 29, 2007.
 James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, and Gilad Bracha, The Java language specification, third edition. Addison-Wesley, 2005.  (see also online edition of the specification)
 Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin. The Java Virtual Machine specification, second edition. Addison-Wesley, 1999.  (see also online edition of the specification).
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Category:Computer science

Runtime


Star City is a fictional city in DC Comics. It is the home of Queen Industries, owned by millionaire Oliver Queen. Queen is the Green Arrow, a trained archer. He protects this city.

Category:Fictional locations
Category:DC Comics

Star City (comics)


Estrées-la-Campagne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Category:Communes in Calvados

Estrées-la-Campagne


Veronica Roth (born August 19, 1988) is an American writer. She was born in New York City.  She is the youngest of three kids. All of her siblings live in Chicago with her. She attended Barrington High School and then Carleton College. Later, she decided to move to Northwestern University. She was part of the creative writing program and graduated in 2010 with a bachelor's degree in arts. She lives with her husband, Nelson Fitch, in Chicago. She wrote the books for the Divergent trilogy (Divergent, Insurgent, and Allegiant). She also wrote two companion books to Divergent: The Divergent World: The Path to Allegiant and Four: A Divergent Story Collection, which came out September 3, 2014. The novel was adapted into a movie in 2014.

References

Pavonetti, Linda M. "Roth, Veronica." World Book Student. World Book, 2015. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"Veronica Roth." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:American novelists
Category:Writers from Illinois
Category:Writers from New York City
Category:1988 births

Veronica Roth


The Oromia Region is one of the regional states of Ethiopia. The capital city is Addis Ababa (also called Finfinne).

It is the homeland of the Oromo people. It has a population of around 35,000,000; this makes it the largest regional state in terms of population. It is also the largest regional state by land size.

Administrative zones
Oromia Region is divided into 20 administrative zones:

Arsi
Bale
Bedele
Borena
East Hararghe
East Shewa
East Welega
Guji
West Guji
Horo Gudru Welega
Illubabor
Jimma
Kelem Welega
North Shewa
South West Shewa
West Arsi
West Hararghe
West Shewa
West Welega
Adama (special zone)
Jimma (special zone)
Oromia-Finfinne (special zone)

References

Category:Regions of Ethiopia

Oromia Region


Stenorhynchus seticornis is the arrow crab. Its body is triangular, with long and thin legs. They are up to 10 cm (3.9 in) across, and the animal's carapace may be up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. They have a lot of different colors on their bodies. They may be golden, yellow or cream, brown, black or iridescent-blue lines; the legs are reddish or yellow, and the claws are blue or violet.

Distribution
Arrow crabs are found in the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, from North Carolina and Bermuda to Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea, also in the coastal waters of Cape Verde. Also found in the Sea of Cortez. It lives on coral reefs at depths of 10–30 feet (3.0–9.1 m).

Diet
The crab eats small feather duster worms (Sabellidae) and other coral reef invertebrates.

Category:Crabs

Arrow crab


Sota Kasahara (born 9 May 1976) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||Otsuka Pharmaceuticals||Football League||18||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||3
|-
|2001||0||0
48||3
48||3
|}

References

Category:1976 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Gunma Prefecture

Sota Kasahara


Moult-Chicheboville is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Moult (the seat) and Chicheboville.

References

Category:2017 establishments in France
Category:Communes in Calvados

Moult-Chicheboville


This is an alpabetical list of important roads that are located in Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. It also includes roads that have parts not located in the region, like neighboring provinces.

Roads in Metro Manila are usually classified into highways, avenues, and streets.

List

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List of roads in Metro Manila


Kinnaird College for Women is a women's-only college in Lahore, Punjab (Pakistan). It was founded in 1913 by Christian missionaries during  the British Raj.

The college is the oldest full-fledged women's college in Pakistan and is now a semi-government institute recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The early students were mostly Christian. Now most of the students are Muslims.

Other websites
Official website

Category:Education in Pakistan
Category:Colleges and universities in Pakistan
Category:Lahore

Kinnaird College for Women


The 2017 Westminster attack was a terrorist attack which happened on 22 March in London, England. The attack took place on Westminster Bridge, in Parliament Square and within the grounds of the Palace of Westminster.

A Hyundai vehicle was driven into a crowd of people near the palace gates, and the attacker stabbed a police officer, who later died due to his injuries. Five people—including pedestrians on the bridge, the stabbed police officer and the attacker—were confirmed dead.

It was the first and largest major attack to occur in London since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The motivation was suspected to be linked to Islamic terrorism.

Attacker
The attacker was identified by the Metropolitan Police as 52-year-old Briton Khalid Masood. Born Adrian Russell Elms, possibly later changed to Adrian Russell Ajao.

Local media report that in 2009 he underwent
conversion to Islam while in prison, after which he changed his name to Khalid Masood. Police said he also used several other aliases, including Khalid Choudry. Masood was born in Kent and detectives believe he was most recently living in the West Midlands. Masood was reported to have been an English teacher or tutor in Saudi Arabia sometime between 2005 and 2009. Then he returned to the United Kingdom and  worked as a teacher of English as a second language in Luton.

Masood had been previously investigated by MI5, but Scotland Yard said that he was not the subject of any current investigations. There was no prior intelligence about his intent to mount a terrorist attack. He had a range of previous convictions for assaults, including grievous bodily harm, possession of offensive weapons and public order offences going back to 1983. He had not been convicted of any terrorism offences. Pictures of Masood being treated by medics were shown by some news outlets.

References

Other websites
Live reports at BBC News
Live reports at ITN News
Live reports at Sky News
Live reports at The Telegraph

Category:2017 crimes in the United Kingdom
Category:2017 in London
Category:2017 murders in Europe
Category:2010s crimes in London
Category:2010s murders in the United Kingdom
Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017
Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom
Category:March 2017 events
Category:Mass murder in 2017
Category:Mass murder in London
Category:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2017
Category:Terrorist incidents in London
Category:Terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom in the 2010s
Category:Terrorist incidents involving vehicular attacks

2017 Westminster attack


Oliver Wolcott (December 1, 1726– December 1, 1797), was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and also the Articles of Confederation as a representative of Connecticut.

Life
Oliver Wolcott was born in Windsor, Connecticut as the youngest of fourteen children of the Royal Governor Roger Wolcott. He attended Yale College, graduating in 1747. He was commissioned to raise a militia company to fight in the French and Indian War, and he served the King as Captain in this unit on the northern frontier. At the end of the war, Wolcott studied medicine, then was appointed sheriff of the newly created Litchfield County, Connecticut, serving from about 1751 to 1771.

He participated in the American Revolutionary War as brigadier general and then major general in the Connecticut militia. The Continental Congress appointed him Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and he was elected to the Congress in 1775. He became seriously ill in 1776 and did not sign the Declaration of Independence until some time later. He was engaged in military affairs between 1776-78, and served again in Congress from 1778-1784.

He served again as an Indian Commissioner, and was elected Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut in 1786, assuming the Governorship on the death of Samuel Huntington in 1796, and was reelected to the position, dying in office at the age of seventy-one in Farmington, Connecticut. He is buried in East Cemetery in Litchfield, Connecticut.

Legacy
The town of Wolcott, Connecticut was named in honor of Oliver and his son, Oliver Jr.  His home in Litchfield was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.

His son, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., served as Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents George Washington and John Adams and as Governor of Connecticut.

Category:1726 births
Category:1797 deaths
Category:American generals
Category:Governors of Connecticut
Category:Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
Category:Yale University alumni

Oliver Wolcott