Nigel George Planer (born 22 February 1953) is an English actor, comedian, novelist and playwright.

He played Neil in the cult BBC comedy The Young Ones and Ralph Filthy in Filthy Rich & Catflap. He has been in many West End musicals.

He won a BRIT award in 1984 and has been nominated for Olivier, TMA, What's On Stage, and BAFTA awards.

Early life
Planer was born in Westminster, London. He studied at the University of Sussex. He left to become an actor.

Career
He is a founding member of the London Comedy Store. He is an original member of The Comic Strip. They were pioneers of the alternative comedy movement in the United Kingdom. Planer worked with Peter Richardson. They were a double act called "The Outer Limits". Planer and Richardson also wrote the That's Life! parody on Not the Nine O'Clock News.

He went on to star in film, theatre and television. He created the spoof actor character "Nicholas Craig", with help from Christopher Douglas. The Craig character appears in book, radio, TV and articles as well as live. The character appeared at the Royal Festival Hall, London, in Stewart Lee's At Last the 1984 show.

Planer is also the author of several books, plays, radio plays, and TV scripts as well as a small volume of poetry. In June 2011, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Arts degree from Edinburgh Napier University.

Television
Planer is best known for his role as Neil, the hippie housemate in the cult BBC comedy The Young Ones. The series ran from 1982 to 1984. He has starred in The Comic Strip Presents..., a series of short films broadcast from 1983 onwards, as various odd outsiders.

In 2003, Planer played Professor Dumbledore in a Harry Potter parody, Harry Potter and the Secret Chamber Pot of Azerbaijan.  He appeared on a BBC 4 programme in the guise of "Nicholas Craig" in 2007, in which he was interviewed by Mark Lawson.

Planer guest-starred in "The Pale Horse", a 2010 episode of Agatha Christie's Marple. In 2011's The Hunt for Tony Blair, he played Peter Mandelson.

Planer's guest appearances include programmes such as The Bill, French and Saunders, Jonathan Creek, Blackadder III, The Last Detective, the Paul Merton Show, the Lenny Henry Show, Death in Paradise (TV series) and Gary Wilmot's Songs from the Shows. He also guest-starred in an episode of This is Jinsy entitled "Nameworm", and in the BBC series Boomers.  Planer played Matt LeBlanc's lawyer in the TV series Episodes.

Leading roles on television include Shine on Harvey Moon, Filthy, Rich and Catflap, The Grimleys, King and Castle, Bonjour La Classe and Roll Over Beethoven. He also starred in Michael Palin's Number 27, Simon Gray's Two Lumps of Ice, Emma Tennant's Frankenstein's Baby, and Blackeyes by Dennis Potter.

Theatre
His first break in the theatre was understudying David Essex as Che Guevara in the original West End run of Evita.

Planer played Amos Hart in the original London cast of Chicago.

He played Pop in the original West End cast of Ben Elton's Queen musical We Will Rock You.

In 1990, he replaced Michael Gambon in Alan Ayckbourn's Man of the Moment in the West End. Leading roles followed in other productions at the Bush Theatre, the Lyric Theatre, the Traverse, the Young Vic, the West Yorkshire Playhouse, Regent's Park Open-Air Theatre, Chichester Festival Theatre, Plymouth Drum and the Hampstead Theatre.

In 2006, he was the narrator in The Rocky Horror Show, taking on the role in Manchester and Bromley. He then starred as The Wizard in the original West End production of Wicked alongside Idina Menzel. The show opened at the Apollo Victoria Theatre on 27 September 2006. Planer ended his run on 7 June 2008 and was replaced by Desmond Barrit.

In 2009, he took over the role of Wilbur in the West End production of Hairspray.

In 2010, Planer returned to the role of the narrator in the UK Tour of The Rocky Horror Show, playing in Cambridge and Northampton. He reprised the role of Wilbur in Manchester and Leeds. He was in Doctor Who: Live touring the UK, as Vorgenson The Inter-Galactic Showman. He then played Captain Hook in Pantomime at the Lyceum Theatre in Sheffield.

In 2013, Planer starred as Grandpa Joe in the original production of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in London's West End.

From September 2018 to November 2018, Planer toured with Ade Edmondson in a play that they wrote together called Vulcan 7.

Film
Planer has appeared in films, including Flood, Virgin Territory, Bright Young Things, Hogfather, The Colour of Magic, The Wind in the Willows, The Land Girls, Clockwork Mice, Carry on Columbus, Brazil, The Supergrass, I Give It a Year, The Apple Picker and Yellowbeard.

Music
Planer played Den Dennis, one of the four members of the 1980s spoof rock band, Bad News. They made two albums which were produced by Brian May. They also performed at the Hammersmith Apollo as well as the Donington and Reading Rock Festivals.

In 1984, as Neil from The Young Ones, Planer had a number two hit single called "Hole in My Shoe". This had originally been a hit for 1960s band Traffic). A cover of Tomorrow's "My White Bicycle" was a less successful follow up, only reaching No.97 in the charts. After that, an album was produced, entitled Neil's Heavy Concept Album. Planer also toured Neil's stage act in the "Bad Karma in The UK" tour. This culminated in a month-long run at St. Mary's Hall at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

In 1986, The Young Ones appeared on Cliff Richard's charity rerecording of "Living Doll". This spent three weeks at number one in the UK. Planer has a silver and a gold disc and has a Brit award from his musical career.

In 2015 he started a new music project called Rainsmoke with Chris Wade, of Dodson and Fogg, and Roger Planer.

In 2017 he recorded two songs for the album Wit & Whimsy - Songs by Alexander S. Bermange. One he performed solo and one featured all of the album's 23 artists. It reached No. 1 in the iTunes comedy album chart.

Voice acting
Planer is the main reader for the audiobook editions of many of Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels. He also appeared in the television adaptations of both Terry Pratchett's Hogfather and The Colour of Magic, and performed as a voice artist in the games Discworld 2 and Discworld Noir.

Discworld Audiobooks narrated by Planer
(the number in brackets indicates the order of the book in the Discworld series)

 The Colour of Magic (1)
 The Light Fantastic (2)
 Mort (4)
 Sourcery (5)
 Wyrd Sisters (6)
 Pyramids (7)
 Guards! Guards! (8)
 Moving Pictures (10)
 Reaper Man (11)
 Witches Abroad (12)
 Small Gods (13)
 Lords and Ladies (14)
 Men at Arms (15)
 Soul Music (16)
 Interesting Times (17)
 Maskerade (18)
 Feet of Clay (19)
 Hogfather (20)
 Jingo (21)
 The Last Continent (22)
 Carpe Jugulum (23)

Other voice roles
Planer was the narrator of Grizzly Tales for Gruesome Kids, the title character of Romuald the Reindeer, and Dr. Marmalade in an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants (alongside Young Ones co-stars Christopher Ryan and Rik Mayall).

Planer has also been the narrator of many of BBC Four's Britannia series of documentaries, including Prog Rock Britannia, Blues Britannia and Heavy Metal Britannia.

Planer voiced Frodo in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil from the 1992 radio series Tales from the Perilous Realm. He was a narrator in a direct-to-video version of Val Biro's Gumdrop book series in 1994. He also narrated two short surreal monologues on the album In A Strange Slumber, by Dodson and Fogg, Chris Wade's progressive folk rock project.

Planer narrated as a thirty-something Adrian Mole in the radio adaptation of Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years.

In 2018, he voiced the character of Henry Davenant Hythe in the Big Finish Productions original production, Jeremiah Bourne in Time, which he also wrote.

Credits
His television comedy and satire work includes:
 Boom Boom...Out Go The Lights (1980)
 Shine on Harvey Moon (1982)
 The Young Ones (12 episodes) (1982–84)
 Yellowbeard (1983)
 The Comic Strip Presents… (25 episodes) (1983–2012)
 Roll Over Beethoven (9 episodes) (1985)
 Brazil (1985)
 King and Castle (12 episodes) (1986–88)
 Filthy Rich & Catflap (6 episodes) (1987)
 Blackeyes by Dennis Potter (1989)
 Frankenstein's Baby (1990)
 Nicholas Craig – The Naked Actor (1990)
 Nicholas Craig's Interview Masterclass (1990)
 Oh, No! Not THEM! (1990)
 Nicholas Craig's Masterpiece Theatre (1992)
 The Nicholas Craig Masterclass (1992)
 Carry On Columbus (1992)
 The Magic Roundabout (English adaptation and narrator on previously unseen episodes)
 Bonjour la Classe (1993)
 Sherlock Holmes (1993)
 Let's Get Divorced (1994)
 Wake Up! With Libby And Jonathan (1994)
 Blackadder the Third
 French & Saunders
 Jonathan Creek
 The Grimleys (1997–2001)
 Grizzly Tales for Gruesome Kids (1999–2007)
 Wicked (2006–08)
 Terry Pratchett's Hogfather (2006)
 Flood (2007)
 Terry Pratchett's The Colour of Magic (2008)
 Hairspray (2009)
 M.I.High (2009)
 Death in Paradise (TV series) (2018)

He has published several books including the novels The Right Man (2000) () and Faking It (2003) (). Planer also wrote A Good Enough Dad (1992) () after his first son was born, talking about coping with becoming a father.

Discography
"Hole in My Shoe" (1984)
Neil's Heavy Concept Album (1984)
"Living Doll" (1986)
"Rough with the Smooth" (1986)
Bad News (1987)
Bad News Bootleg (1988)
Bad News The Cash In Compilation (1992)
The Last Night (1993)
Chicago cast recording (1995)
The Dreaded Lurgie (1998)
Three Men in a Boat (1999)
Adrian Mole the Cappuccino Years (2000)
There was also a soundtrack to The Grimleys (2000), Planer's character appearing on the album.
We Will Rock You (The Original London Cast Recording) (2002)
Cabaret (2005)
The Robe of Skulls (2008)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (The Original London Cast Recording) (2013)
Dodson and Fogg – In A Strange Slumber (2014)

References

Other websites
 Official Nigel Planer website

 The Times Article September 2006 article about Planer

Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Westminster
Category:People educated at Westminster School, London
Category:British movie actors
Category:British stage actors
Category:British television actors
Category:British voice actors
Category:British writers
Category:British singers

Nigel Planer


Pavel Bobek (16 September 1937 − 20 November 2013) was a Czech singer. He worked with many musical artists such as Lou Reed, Johnny Cash, Frank Zappa, Kenny Rogers, and John Denver.

Bobek was born on 16 September 1937 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He studied to become an architect. Bobek died on 20 November 2013 from a long illness in Prague, Czech Republic, aged 76.

References

Other websites

Category:1937 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:Disease-related deaths in the Czech Republic
Category:Musicians from Prague
Category:Singers

Pavel Bobek


Khagen Mahanta () (17 August 1941 – 12 June 2014) was folk and traditional musician. Mahanta was known as the "King of Bihu". His Bihu songs, Borgeet and other folk songs helped shaped the form of his society. The artist along with his wife Archana Mahanta and son Angaraag Mahanta represent one of the most influential families in Assamese music.

He died on 12 June 2014 from heart disease, aged 72.

References

Category:1941 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Category:Indian musicians
Category:Folk musicians
Category:People from Assam

Khagen Mahanta


The Deutschland Tour (English: Tour of Germany and sometimes Deutschland-Rundfahrt in German) is the most important stage race in Germany. Initially the race was held in May/June. Since 2005, it has been part of the UCI ProTour and has been moved to August.

History

Already in 1911, a "national" cycling race of over 1,500 km was held in the German Empire (Germany was then lots of more or less independent kingdoms, duchies, and other little countries ). Until 1931 several Tours were held, organised by different groups. In 1931 the first Deutschlandtour was held.  The race was well organised and exciting between 1937 and 1939, but stopped again at the start of World War II.

There was not a lot of road cycling in Germany, and the tour's popularity depended on German riders doing well in other races.   This resulted in several parallel tours of West Germany.

But after Jan Ullrich's 1997 Tour de France victory, cycling became more popular. Partly as because of Germany's new-found cycling enthusiasm, the Bund Deutscher Radfahrer e.V. (German Cyclists' Federation) and the company Upsolut founded the Deutschland Tour gmbh (Ltd) 1999 the Deutschlandtour restarted, but has not been run since 2008 because of a lack of interest from TV sponsors.

References

Other websites

Official Site
Deutchland Tour at Cyclingpost

Category:Cycle racing in Germany

Deutschland Tour


Paray-sous-Briailles is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Paray-sous-Briailles


Gasherbrum III is a  mountain in the Karakoram range, in China and Pakistan. It is also known as K3a. It is the 15th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Wanda Rutkiewicz, Alison Chadwick-Onyszkiewicz, Janusz Onyszkiewicz and Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki, in 1975. As of 2018, only two expeditions had ever made it to the top.

References

Category:Karakoram
Category:Mountains of Pakistan
Category:Mountains of China
Category:Gilgit-Baltistan
Category:Xinjiang

Gasherbrum III


A namesake is a person named after another person. In general, a thing (such as a company, place, ship, building, or idea) named after a person or thing that first had the name.

Family
Naming a child after a relative, friend, or well-known person is common in the English-speaking world. When a son is named for his father, they add "Jr."/"II", "III'", or another suffix to the name of the son.

Concepts
Buildings, such as the Trump Tower (named after Donald Trump, and companies, like the Ford Motor Company (named after Henry Ford, are often named for their founders or owners. A city may be named after someone. For example, Lawrence, Kansas is named after Amos Adams Lawrence.

References

Other websites

Category:Names

Namesake


An album is a collection of sound recordings. It is usually made by a musician, and is sold in stores to people. Albums today mainly come in the form of compact discs, although many artists also release their albums on vinyl records.

Types of albums
There are two main types of albums, studio albums and live albums. Studio albums are recorded at a recording studio. Live albums are normally recorded while the musicians are performing for an audience. Live albums are usually recorded at concerts.

Other types of albums include:
 Compilation album: Compilation albums are usually made of songs that first came from many different albums. These songs can all be from the same musicians (often called "Greatest Hits" albums) or they can each be from different musicians.
 Debut album: the first album from a musician or musical group.
 Solo album - A solo album is an album by a single musician. This often happens when a singer or musician who is a part of a band creates an album without the rest of the band. It may also happen when the person leaves the band and starts performing alone. For example, most of Beyoncé's albums after she stopped performing with Destiny's Child are solo albums.
 Tribute album: Tribute albums or "cover albums" are albums where a second group or musician plays songs which were first played by another, often more famous, group or musician.  The second group is usually called a "Tribute band" when most or all of the music they play is from another band.  For example, a Slipknot tribute band would mostly play songs that were written and played by the band Slipknot.
Live album: Live albums are made from songs that are performed live, such as during tour.

Tracks
Albums are normally separated into Tracks. Each track is a part of the album which has one song in it. The term is often used to mean a specific song on the album by number. For example, the "fourth track" or "track four" from an album is the fourth song on the album when it is played from the beginning.

Related pages
 Extended play
 Single (music)

Album


The Star of David (Hebrew:מָגֵן דָּוִד, or Māġēn Dāwīd, pronounced [] in ancient Hebrew, and [] in  Modern Hebrew) is a Jewish symbol. It is named after King David of Israel and it is very famous. The star consists of a triangle, overlapped by another, "upside-down" triangle. It is unknown how this came to be a symbol of Judaism, but it was first used in the Middle Ages. It is used on the flag of Israel, and was used by German National Socialists to identify Jews.

Category:Judaism
Category:Religious symbols

Star of David


Sadness is a cancelled video game that was going to be released on the Nintendo Wii. It was being made by Nibris, which is a company in Poland. It was going to be created for the Wii.

The story of the game takes place in Ukraine, during the time before World War I. The main character is Maria Lengyel, a woman who has to protect her son Alexander from monsters.

References

Category:Wii games
Category:Canceled video games

Sadness (video game)


The Bones of What You Believe is Chvrches's first studio album. The album contains singles like "The Mother We Share", "Recover", "Gun", "Lies" and "Tether". The album has been certified Gold by the BPI in the UK with sales of one hundred and eighty-four thousand copies.

Track listing

References

Category:2013 albums
Category:Chvrches albums

The Bones of What You Believe


The President of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

As the head of the executive branch of the Sierra Leone government, the president implements laws passed by parliament.

The president heads a Cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. The president is the most powerful, and the most influential person in the Government of Sierra Leone.

Other websites

President of Sierra Leone


John Herman Cox (born July 15, 1955 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American accountant, businessman, broadcaster, attorney, and politician. He ran for governor of California as a Republican in the 2018 election, but lost to Gavin Newsom in the general election.

Beliefs

Cox voted for Gary Johnson in the 2016 presidential election. He later said that he made a "mistake" in voting for Johnson. He was endorsed by Donald Trump in May 2018.

Cox is pro-life, meaning that he is against abortion. He said, ”abortion is murder--plain and simple--and that should be regulated by state law.”

He is against the death penalty.

He supports medical cannabis. He has suggested that Marijuana users should be hospitalized instead of sent to prison.

Cox is strongly against the "gas tax." The gas tax was passed in April 2017, and increased the cost of gas and diesel in California.

References

Other websites
 Official campaign website

Category:1955 births
Category:Living people
Category:US Republican Party politicians
Category:Business people from Chicago
Category:Business people from California
Category:Politicians from California
Category:Politicians from Chicago

John H. Cox


The noble gases are a group of elements that are all gases. These elements are all in group 18 of the periodic table. All of them are monoatomic, meaning each molecule is a single atom. They almost never react with other elements. This is because they have a full 8 electrons outer electron shell. There are six noble gases:

 helium
 neon
 argon
 krypton
 xenon
 radon

All of these gases are found in air. They make up around 0.96% of the atmosphere. Noble gas compounds can be formed from noble gases.

When the noble gases are used in cold cathode tubes to produce light, each of them has a different colour. Since Radon is radioactive, it is usually not used for lighting. Here are pictures of what the others look like:

Ununoctium (element 118) is probably the next noble gas after Radon because it is the next box down in the same group. However it has a half life of 0.89 ms, after which it decays to Ununhexium (Element 116). This means its use is probably limited.

Noble gases were discovered by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay. Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 for his work on noble gas. Ramsay won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 for his work with noble gas.

References

Noble gas


The Church-Turing thesis (also known as Church's thesis, Church's conjecture and Turing's thesis) is a statement about computers. It says that a very simple kind of computer now named a “Turing machine” is able to compute all computable functions. The Church-Turing thesis is linked to Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
When a programming language is able to do what a Turing machine can do, that language is called Turing complete. If a problem is solvable in one such language, then it is solvable in all of those.

Category:Theoretical computer science

lt:Tiuringo mašina#Tiuringo tezė

Church-Turing thesis


Lewis County is a county in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 3,821 people lived there. The county seat is Nezperce, and largest city is Kamiah.

Communities

Cities
 Craigmont
 Kamiah
 Nezperce
 Reubens
 Winchester

Unincorporated communities
 Slickpoo

References

Category:1911 establishments in Idaho
Category:Idaho counties

Lewis County, Idaho


Yeonsangun of Joseon (, , 1476 - 1506) was a Korean ruler. 11th King of Joseon Dynasty (1494 - 1506) of Korea. name was Lee Yung (, ), nickname was The Great of Heoncheonhongdokyungmoonwemoo (, ).

Son's of King Seongjong, great-grandson of Sejong the Great.

Related pages
 Deposed Queen Lady Yun

References
 http://enc.daum.net/dic100/contents.do?query1=b15a3307b

Category:1476 births
Category:1506 deaths
Category:Korean politicians
Category:Murder victims
Category:Kings of Joseon

Yeonsangun of Joseon


Porth is a village in the Rhondda Valleys, Wales. Porth is at at the joint of the Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach, Porth sees itself as the capital of the Rhondda.

History
On 11 April 1877 the Tynewydd Colliery was the scene of a mine disaster that led to a mine rescue operation following which four first-class and twenty-one second-class Albert Medals for Lifesaving were awarded. A build-up of water in old Cymmer Colliery resulted in flooding of the Tynewydd mine. Only fourteen of 100 miners employed at the mine were working underground at the time of the accident. Four of the trapped miners were rescued after eighteen hours.

The nearby village of Dinas Was the site of the first coal mine in the Rhonddda.

Transport

From Porth you can travel by bus to places such as Cardiff, Treochy, Pontypridd, Porth has a train station in Hannah Street.

Schools
There are schools in Porth. Porth Infants for 3-6 yrs old. Porth Juniors for 6-11 yrs old. Porth County Community School for 11-18 yrs old (opened in 1973).Michael Sheen (the Welsh actor) visited PCCS in May 2009.

Notes

Category:Villages in Wales

Porth


The Blood of Jesus (1941) is a race movie.  It was written, directed, and starring Spencer Williams. It was also released as The Glory Road. The movie was produced in Texas. Its budget was US$5,000.  Scenes from a 1911 Italian movie called L'Inferno were used to show souls entering Heaven. The movie was screened in black theatres and black churches. It received good reviews. In 1991 The Blood of Jesus became the first race movie to be chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Story
A church group is holding a riverside baptismal service. One of those being immersed is the recently married Martha. At home, Martha's husband Ras accidentally shoots her when his hunting rifle discharges. The church people gather at Martha’s bedside to pray. An angel arrives to take Martha’s spirit from her body. She is brought to the Crossroads between Heaven and Hell. She is tempted by the devil's agent slick Judas Green.

Judas takes Martha to a nightclub. He arranges to have her get a job there. The angel returns and advises Martha to flee. She tries to flee. A nightclub patron mistakenly believes Martha is a pickpocket who robbed him. A chase ensues. Martha races back to the Crossroads. Satan is waiting for her. The angel protects Martha from the mob. They are driven away. The sign at the Crossroad is transformed into the vision of Jesus Christ being crucified, and Christ’s blood drips down on Martha’s face. She awakens to discover she is home. Her health is restored. Martha is reunited with her husband. He has embraced religion. The angel who took Martha on her journey returns to bless their marriage.

References

Category:American drama movies
Category:United States National Film Registry movies
Category:1941 movies
Category:English-language movies

The Blood of Jesus


Arendal is a city and municipality in the county of Aust-Agder, Norway. It is the administrative center of Aust-Agder county, and belongs to the geographical region of Sørlandet. The municipality is bordered in the southwest by Grimstad, in the northwest by Froland, and in the northeast by Tvedestrand municipalities.

The name

The Norse form of the name was probably "Arnardalr". The first element is then the genitive case of "orn" m 'eagle', the last element is "dalr" m 'valley, dale'.

Other websites
 Arendal Kommune official website
 Arendal official tourist information

Category:Cities in Norway
Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea

Arendal


Katrin Siska (born December 10, 1983 in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian singer and member of the Estonian girlpower pop-rock-group Vanilla Ninja. Siska was born to a Russian mother Leena and an Estonian father Toomas. She has a younger sister Triin-Ketlin. She was a member of a choir while in school and started playing the piano when she was 7 years old.

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Vanilla Ninja
Category:Estonian singers
Category:People from Tallinn

Katrin Siska


Stowmarket railway station is a station in Suffolk, England for Stowmarket. Trains are currently run by Greater Anglia to London, Norwich, Ipswich, Cambridge and Peterborough.

Category:Railway stations in Suffolk

Stowmarket railway station


Amettes is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Population

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Amettes


Melleray is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Category:Communes in Sarthe

Melleray, Sarthe


Norbert Eder (7 November 1955 – 2 November 2019) was a German German football player. He played for the West Germany national team.

Eder died on 2 November 2019 of a long-illness in Stephanskirchen, Rosenheim, just five days before his 63rd birthday.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="10"|Nürnberg||rowspan="4"|2. Bundesliga||12||3
|-
|1975-76||26||4
|-
|1976-77||34||5
|-
|1977-78||35||9
|-
|1978-79||Bundesliga||29||1
|-
|1979-80||2. Bundesliga||39||0
|-
|1980-81||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||33||2
|-
|1981-82||32||2
|-
|1982-83||32||0
|-
|1983-84||28||0
|-
|1984-85||rowspan="4"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||34||2
|-
|1985-86||34||2
|-
|1986-87||32||1
|-
|1987-88||32||1

|-
|1988-89||rowspan="2"|Zürich||rowspan="2"|Nationalliga B||3||0
|-
|1989-90||0||0
432||32
3||0
435||32
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1986||9||0
|-
!Total||9||0
|}

References

Category:1955 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:German footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Bavaria

Norbert Eder


The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 British-American superhero movie, and a sequel to The Dark Knight and a second sequel to Batman Begins. It was the last movie in The Dark Knight Trilogy.

Plot
Eight years after Harvey Dent's death and the defeat of the Joker, the Dent Act grants the Gotham City Police Department to organized crime. Feeling guilty for covering up Dent's crimes, Police Commissioner James Gordon writes a resignation speech telling the truth, but decides not to tell because it was not the right time. Batman has disappeared, with Bruce Wayne becoming an outcast. Cat burglar Selina Kyle steals Bruce's fingerprints from his home, kidnaps a congressman, then disappears. Selina hands Bruce's fingerprints to Phillip Stryver, an assistant to Bruce's business rival John Daggett, in hope of having her criminal record erased. Stryver double crosses Selina, but she uses the congressman's stolen phone to alert the police of their location. Gordon and the police arrive to find the congressman, then chase the criminals into the sewers while Selina escapes. A masked man called Bane who had escaped from a hijacked CIA Plane captures Gordon. Gordon escapes, and is found by John Blake, a patrol officer who grew up as an orphan and has known Batman's true identity from their similar backgrounds. Gordon promotes Blake to detective, with Blake reporting directly to him.

Wayne Enterprises is on the point of becoming bankrupt after Bruce wasted almost all of the companies money on a fusion reactor project when he learns that the core could be weaponized. Later, Bane attacks the Gotham Stock Exchange, using Bruce's fingerprints to bankrupt Wayne Enterprises. Alfred Pennyworth, concerned that Bruce has not moved on from being Batman, reveals to him that Rachel Dawes had intended to marry Dent before she died, and resigns in an attempt to dissuade him. Fearing that Daggett, Bane's employer, would gain access to the reactor, Bruce and Lucius Fox asks board member Miranda Tate to take over his company. Bane later kills Daggett. After being promised to erase her records, Selina agrees to take Batman to Bane, but instead betrays him to a trap. Bane appears and reveals that he intends to fulfill Ra's al Ghul's mission to destroy Gotham with the League of Shadows. He breaks Batman's back and takes him to a foreign, well-like prison where escape is impossible. The inmates tell Bruce the story of Ra's al Ghul's child, born in the prison and cared for by a fellow prisoner before escaping, the only prisoner to have ever done so; Bruce thinks the child is Bane.

Meanwhile, Bane had kidnapped Fox, Tate, and Fredricks in order to turn on the bomb. While in the stadium, Bane triggers bombs under Gotham that causes the tunnels to collapse and traps most of the Gotham's police underground. He kills Mayor Anthony Garcia and forces an abducted physicist, Dr. Leonid Pavel, to convert the reactor core into a nuclear bomb before killing him. Bane uses the bomb to hold the city hostage and isolate Gotham from the world. Using Gordon's stolen speech, Bane reveals the cover-up of Dent's crimes and releases the prisoners of Blackgate Prison, causing a revolution. The wealthy and powerful have their property destroyed or taken, are dragged from their homes, and given show trials presided over by Dr. Jonathan Crane, where any sentence likely means death.

After months of recovery and re-training, Bruce escapes from the prison; thanks to the prison doctor, and enlists Selina, Blake, Tate, Gordon, and Fox to help stop the bomb's detonation. While the police and Bane's forces fight at Gotham City Hall, Batman defeats Bane, but Tate later stabs Batman, revealing herself to be Talia, Ra's al Ghul's child, who escaped the prison thanks by her fellow prisoner, Bane. She plans to complete her father's work by activating the bomb and destroying Gotham, but Gordon blocks her signal, which makes the remote of detonation useless. Talia, then leaves to find the bomb. Bane prepares to kill Batman, but Selina kills Bane using the Batpod. Batman pursues Talia with the Bat, an aircraft created by Fox, to bring the bomb back to the reactor, where it can be stabilized. Talia's truck crashes, but she remotely destroys the reactor before dying. With no way to stop the detonation, Batman uses The Bat to haul the bomb over the bay, where it detonates.

In the months after, Batman is thought to be dead but is honored a hero. With Bruce also presumed dead, Wayne Manor is left to the city to become an orphanage, and Wayne's remaining estate is left to Alfred. Fox discovers that Bruce had fixed The Bat's autopilot, and Gordon finds the Bat-Signal refixed. While visiting in Florence, Italy, Alfred saw Bruce and Selina together. Blake resigns from the police force and finds the Batcave.

Background

The movie is based on DC Comics character Batman. It is distributed under Warner Bros.. The movie was directed by Christopher Nolan and produced by Emma Thomas. The music was scored by Hans Zimmer. The cast includes Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Tom Hardy, Morgan Freeman, Anne Hathaway, Marion Cotillard, Matthew Modine, Cillian Murphy, Nestor Carbonell, Ben Mendelsohn, Liam Neeson, Tom Conti, Joey King, Juno Temple, and Alon Abutbul. The locations of filming were in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Newark, New Jersey, Los Angeles, California, and in New York City, New York.

Cast and characters

 Christian Bale as Batman/Bruce Wayne, finally emerges after eight years from the events of The Dark Knight. He returns in order to save Gotham from Bane.
 Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth, Bruce Wayne's loyal butler who had enough of Bruce being an outcast from Gotham.
 Gary Oldman as Commissioner James Gordon, the police commissioner of Gotham who knows the truth about Harvey Dent, but does not want to tell the city.
 Anne Hathaway as Catwoman/Selina Kyle, a new female character who helps Batman save the city and helped Batman into finding Bane.
 Tom Hardy as Bane, the main villain who breaks Batmans back and occupies Gotham, seeking to complete the mission to destroy the city. He was trained by Ra's al Ghul just like Batman was in Batman Begins. He was killed when Selina Kyle shot him with the Batpod.
 Marion Cotillard as Miranda Tate/Talia al Ghul, a new Wayne Enterprises boardmember and later takes control of the company. She was thought to be someone who wanted to clean the world, but turned out to be an enemy of Batman. She was the daughter of Ra's al Ghul. She was killed while her truck crashed and fell into an inner tunnel.
 Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Officer Robin John Blake, a new Gotham City cop who helps both Batman and Commissioner Gordon to save Gotham. At the end he found the Batcave and might become Robin.
 Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox, the CEO of Wayne Enterprises and the one who gave Bruce Wayne all of the new gadgets and information.
 Matthew Modine as Officer Peter Foley, the new detective under James Gordon's commission. He was killed during the final battle.
 Cillian Murphy as Scarecrow, was the judge of the corrupt courtroom whom he sentenced all of Gotham's rich people.
 Nestor Carbonell as Mayor Anthony Garcia, was the mayor of Gotham before being killed in a mass explosion in the Gotham Stadium.
 Ben Mendelsohn as John Daggett, the founder of Daggett Industries who wants to take control of Wayne Enterprises, but was later killed by Bane.
 Liam Neeson as Ra's al Ghul, appeared as a spirit when Bruce Wayne was trapped under the pit.
 Tom Conti as Prisoner, a prison doctor who helps Bruce heal after Bane had broken his back.
 Joey King as Young Talia al Ghul, the younger version of the daughter of Ra's al Ghul as she appeared in flashbacks.
 Alon Abutbul as Dr. Leonid Pavel, a Russian nuclear scientist who helped Bane create a nuclear bomb to destroy Gotham, he was later killed by Bane.
 Juno Temple as Jen, Selina Kyle's best friend.
 William Devane as the President of the United States.
 John Nolan as Fredricks, a boardmember of Wayne Enterprises.
 Patrick Leahy as Boardmember, a boardmember of Wayne Enterprises.
 Burn Gorman as Phillip Stryver, the vice-chairman of Daggett Industries who was later exiled from Gotham and later fell through the ice.
 Chris Ellis as Priest, a priest who takes care of orphaned children from where John Blake came from.
 Aidan Gillen as CIA Agent, the CIA agent who was about to transport Bane, until the plane was hijacked and was killed during the attack.
 Josh Stewart as Barsad, Bane's right-hand man who helps Bane take control of Gotham, he was killed during the final battle.
 Wade Williams as the Warden at Blackgate Prison.

International release

Release
The Dark Knight Rises was released on July 20, 2012, on which same day a shooting happened in Aurora, Colorado during the movie's premiere inside an area theater. The movie is the 3rd highest grossing movie in the world with $1,081,041,287 worldwide. The Dark Knight Rises currently ranks #7 in the list of the highest-grossing movies in history. The Dark Knight Rises came out on DVD and Blu-ray on December 4, 2012. It was one of the top movies on AFI in 2012.

Taglines
 "Rise"
 "A Fire Will Rise"
 "The Legend Ends"
 "Every Hero Has a Journey. Every Journey Has an End"
 "The Epic Conclusion to the Dark Knight Legend"

Awards

References

Other websites

Category:2012 movies
Category:2010s superhero movies
Category:American thriller movies
Category:Batman movies
Category:English-language movies
Category:Movies based on comic book characters
Category:Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Category:Movies directed by Christopher Nolan
Category:Warner Bros. movies

The Dark Knight Rises


is a former Japanese football player. He has played for the Japanese national team.

International career statistics

|-
|1958||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

 Japan Football Association
 Japan National Football Team Database

Category:1930 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture

Yoshinori Shigematsu


The Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) is a college sports conference in the United States that sponsors many sports, but has not played football since the 1984 season.

The MVC has its roots in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA), a league formed in 1907 by several schools in the Midwestern United States. The MVIAA split into two leagues in 1928. One league, made up mostly of large schools, kept the MVIAA name and years later became the Big Eight Conference. The smaller schools formed the MVC. Both groups claimed a 1907 founding date, and the same history up to the 1928 split. However, the Big Eight merged in 1996 with several schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference to form today's Big 12 Conference, which does not claim any of the Big Eight's history. Because of this, only the MVC now has a claim to any of the MVIAA's history.

Members
Currently, the MVC has 10 members.

Associate members
The MVC has four "associate members", each of which plays one sport in the conference.

References

Missouri Valley Conference


The Sportclub Hakoah Graz ( - strength) was a Jewish sports and football club from the Styrian capital Graz. It was beside Sturm and GAK the third top league team from Graz.

History
The club was founded on 12 March 1919 to offer the Jewish people of Graz (around 4000) the possibility to do sports. The old club Jüdischen Turnvereins zu Graz was dissolved in 1917. Jewish officials were against the club. The club was highly accepted by the young football players.

In 1921, the football section took part in the 2.Klasse of the Styrian football championship. The first classes of the federal states were the highest, because at that time there was no Austrian-wide championship. The champion of Viennas highest league was considered Austrian champion. They played in blue and white jerseys with the Star of David on the breast. It was difficult for them to play because they had no ground of their own. Due to the antisemitism of that time other clubs often did not allow them to use their grounds. In 1923, they leased an own ground.

In the 1921/22 season, they reached the first place and were promoted to the 1. Klasse. In the 1. Klasse, the club was again confronted with antisemitism. The Deutscher Sportverein Leoben and Turnverein Leibniz did not want to play against a Jewish club. They were disqualified. During the years in the first class Hakoah often reached places on top of the table.

In 1935, the club was relegated to the 2. Klasse. The reason for this was that some players went to other clubs and some ended their career because antisemitism grew at that time. The club also lost its ground which was only leased. The contract was not prolonged. In the Second Class, they gained again strength but the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany ended its history. The club was dissolved like all other Jewish sports clubs in Austria.

Other websites
Article about Hakoah Graz

Category:Jewish history
Category:Judaism in Austria
Hakoah Graz
Category:Football clubs of Graz

SC Hakoah Graz


Hon-Kawagoe Station (本川越駅, ほんかわごええき) is a railway station of Seibu in Kawagoe, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. This station is the neareset station of Koedo.

Adjacent stations
Seibu
 Seibu Shinjuku Line
Koedo limited express, Commuter express
Sayamashi - Hon-Kawagoe
Express, Semi Expless, Local
Minami-Ōtsuka - Hon-Kawagoe

Related pages
 Kawagoeshi Station
 Kawagoe Station

Other websites

 Hon-Kawagoe Station (Official Site)

Category:Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture

Hon-Kawagoe Station


British Rail Class 418 (or 2Sap) was a class of electrical multiple unit commissioned by British Railways Southern Region. in England.  The units were formed in the 1970s by simply declassifying the first class accommodation in selected 2Hap units.  They were employed on inner suburban routes such as the Hounslow Loop.

418

British Rail Class 418


Pahari (or Pahaari) is a word for a number of dialects spoken across the Himalayan range, not limited to a single country.  The word comes from 'pahar' meaning mountain. The word 'Pahaari' or 'Pahari' is an adjective in Hindi, Urdu, or Punjabi and it means 'of the mountain', so 'Pahari' means 'language of the mountain people'.

Pakistan, India and Nepal are all countries along which the Himalayas run, and in all three countries the word for mountain is Pahar this is due to the fact that Urdu, Nepali, Hindi and Punjabi are all related languages (they are all Indic languages of the Indo-European language family).  The Pahari language is also part of this group.  Travel in mountainous areas is difficult, so dialects close to each other can be very different.

Category:Languages of Pakistan
Category:Kashmir
Category:Languages of India

Pahari languages


Hegemony (pronounced with a soft or hard 'g') is the power of one group over other groups. Hegemony is mostly used to refer to relationships between different nations (or countries). This might be direct dominance, such as through military might, but may be indirect dominance, such as when a nation can dictate the terms of trade to its advantage.

Hegemony often describes the relationship of a great power to nearby less powerful countries.  The term is Greek, and was first used about the influence of a great city over the cities which were allied to it.  Examples are the  Peloponnesian League of Sparta (6th to 4th centuries BC); the short-lived Delian League of Classical Athens.  The later League of Corinth was headed not by a state, but by Philip II of Macedon.  Such a hegemon is a king or ruler with personal power.

A hegemonic relationship is usually described as less than an empire, but more than a regional power. This means a hegemon may not actually take control of other nations, but has the power to greatly influence what they do.  On the other hand, a global hegemon is more powerful than, say, Iran is in the Middle East.

References

Other websites
Stuart Hainsworth, "Gramsci's hegemony theory and the ideological role of the mass media"
Mike Dorsher, Ph.D., "Hegemony Online: The Quiet Convergence of Power, Culture and Computers"
Hegemonic Pundit, a neo-con blog
Hegemony and the hidden persuaders - the power of un-common sense

Category:Politics

Hegemony


The iPad Air 2 is the sixth generation of the iPad tablet computer that is designed and sold by Apple Inc. It was announced during an event on October 16, 2014 along with the iPad mini 3. It has a thinner design and also has Touch ID compared to the iPad Air.

References

Other websites
 Offical website

Category:IPad

IPad Air 2


Lilly Ledbetter (born Lilly McDaniel April 1938) was the plaintiff in the American employment discrimination case Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. She has since become a women's equality activist.

Women's equality

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
Goodyear paid Ledbetter significantly less than men holding the same job. This violated the Equal Pay Act of 1963 which said that she could sue to get the pay difference. Her lawsuit eventually reached the Supreme Court. The court said that she waited too long to sue Goodyear. In response to the court decision, Congress passed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, which is named after her. Under the new law, other women will be able to get backpay after employers keep pay discrimination secret.

United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg stated:Lilly

Ledbetter was a supervisor at Goodyear Tire and Rubber’s plant in Gadsden, Alabama, from 1979 until her retirement in 1998. For most of those years, she worked as an area manager, a position largely occupied by men. Initially, Ledbetter’s salary was in line with the salaries of men performing substantially similar work. Over time, however, her pay slipped in comparison to the pay of male area managers with equal or less seniority. By the end of 1997, Ledbetter was the only woman working as an area manager and the pay discrepancy between Ledbetter and her 15 male counterparts was stark: Ledbetter was paid $3,727 per month; the lowest paid male area manager received $4,286 per month, the highest paid, $5,236.

Activism
On August 26, 2008 (Women's Equality Day), Ledbetter spoke at the Democratic National Convention, on the topic of pay equity.

In June 2011, she dined with New York Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney, who introduced the Equal Rights Amendment the previous month, and Eleanor Smeal.

References

Other websites

A documentary on the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
 English Wikisource has original text related to this article: Lilly Ledbetter on the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Category:Living people
Category:1938 births
Category:Feminists

Lilly Ledbetter


John Paul Cusack (born June 28, 1966) is an American actor, movie producer and screenwriter. He was born in Evanston, Illinois. He is the fourth of five children of actor Dick Cusack (1925-2003) and Nancy (née Carolan). His siblings Ann (born 1961), Joan (born 1962), Bill (born 1964) and Susie (born 1971) are actors.

His movies include: The Sure Thing, Better Off Dead, One Crazy Summer, Say Anything..., Bullets Over Broadway, City Hall, Grosse Pointe Blank, Con Air, Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, The Thin Red Line, Pushing Tin, Being John Malkovich, High Fidelity, America's Sweethearts, Serendipity, Identity, Runaway Jury, Must Love Dogs, The Ice Harvest, 1408, 2012, Hot Tub Time Machine, The Raven, and in The Butler.

Movies

References

Other websites

Category:1966 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Illinois
Category:American movie actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Movie producers from Illinois
Category:People from Evanston, Illinois
Category:Screenwriters from Illinois

John Cusack


The Santa Maria was one of the ships Christopher Columbus sailed to the new world.  The others were the Pinta and the Nina. It is named after Saint Mary.

Category:History of Spain

Santa Maria


Pierre Bourguignon (6 February 1942 – 27 March 2019) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly for two terms (1981–1993 and 1997–2012). He was a member of the Socialist Party during his time in the National Assembly. He was mayor of Sotteville-lès-Rouen, Seine-Maritime from 1989 to 2014.

Bourguignon was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime. He died of a heart attack on 27 March 2019 in Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf, Seine-Maritime. He was 77.

References

Category:1942 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:French mayors
Category:People from Rouen
Category:Socialist Party (France) politicians

Pierre Bourguignon


The following is a list of the 693 communes of the Oise département, in France.

(CAB) Communauté d'agglomération of Beauvaisis, created in 2004.

*
Oise

Communes of the Oise department


The Armenia national football team is the national football team of Armenia. After the split of the Soviet Union, they played their first match against Moldova on 12 October 1992.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Category:National football teams
Category:Sport in Armenia

Armenia national football team


A creampie is a term used in pornography. It is when a man ejaculates semen into his partner's vagina or anus.

Category:Pornography

Creampie


Discounts and allowances are when the price of goods or services is made lower. Discounts and allowances can be a change of the price that the manufacturer sells the product for, the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer, usually in written form).  The market price (also called effective price) is the amount that the customer pays. The purpose of discounts is to increase short-term sales,  move out-of-date stock, reward valuable customers, encourage distribution. Some discounts and allowances are forms of sales promotion.

Related pages
Multi-use tickets for public transport

References

Category:Marketing

Discounts and allowances


The Regierender Bürgermeister () of Berlin is the head of government of the city.  The Governing Mayor is the equivalent of the Minister President of the bigger States of Germany.

The Regierender Bürgermeister is elected by the Abgeordentenhaus (). He then appoints up to eight Senators. The Senators are ministers in charge of the departments of the city government. Two of the senators are also Mayors. The Mayors are the deputies of the Governing Mayor.

Category:Government of Germany

Regierender Bürgermeister


Koichi Kawazoe (born 4 July 1961) is a former Japanese football player.

References

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture

Koichi Kawazoe


Becket is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,779 at the 2010 census.

References

Category:Towns in Massachusetts

Becket, Massachusetts


Interlingua is a constructed language using words that are found in most West-European languages. It was made by IALA - a group of people (the most known was Alexander Gode) who worked on it for more than 20 years, and they finished and published the first dictionary in 1951. Interlingua was created on the base of languages: English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian.

Inter is the same root word as in the words "interaction", "interface" and so on, and it means "between" or "to each other"; lingua means "language". They chose the name Interlingua because they wanted it to be used for people of different countries to talk to each other easily. Because Interlingua was made by people to be easy, it is easier than natural languages to learn.
, 1,500 people knew Interlingua, and Interlingua speakers say that millions can understand it (read texts in it and listen to someone talk in it) without having to learn it first.

There are two other constructed languages in the world that have more than 1000 speakers, Esperanto and Ido. Those two were made before Interlingua. Some people think Esperanto and Ido are easy to learn because they have no exceptions (words that break the rules) but other people think Interlingua is easier because the makers chose all the words to be easy to understand for people who know English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, or Italian, plus languages like Occitan and Romanian, languages that used to be Latin, the language used in Rome a long time ago.

Actually, people who use Interlingua say that their language is actually new Latin, just simpler and modernized (made new).

Example text in Interlingua

Pater Noster in Interlingua

Related pages
Interlingua grammar

References

Other websites
A Grammar of Interlingua by Alexander Gode & Hugh Blair
  Societate American pro Interlingua
(Danish) (Interlingua) http://www.interlingua.dk/

Category:Constructed languages

Interlingua


The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the twenty-fourth time the United States Constitution has been amended (revised). The twenty-fourth amendment prevents the United States Congress and US states from charging a poll tax on federal elections. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964.

Text

References

*24
Category:Democratic rights


LaSalle County is located in the North Central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It has an estimated population of 111,241 as of 2014 and its county seat and largest city is Ottawa.

References

Category:Illinois counties

LaSalle County, Illinois


Jasper County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2010 census, 9,698 people lived there. The county seat is Newton.

Category:Illinois counties

Jasper County, Illinois


The Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Concepción, Chile.

Related pages
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción
 History of Concepción
 Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception

Other websites

 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción website
 Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception website
 The Cathedral in gcatholic.com

Category:Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Category:Buildings and structures in Chile
Category:Concepción

Cathedral of the Most Holy Conception, Chile


Pashtunistan (, Pax̌tūnistān or Pukhtunistan, meaning the "land of Pashtuns") means the region where the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan lived.

References

Category:Politics of Afghanistan

Pashtunistan


Marion Cotillard (born September 30, 1975) is a French stage and movie actress, and singer.

Career
She made her career well-known by roles in such movies as in La Vie en Rosa, My Sex Life...or How I Got Into an Argument, Taxi, Furia and Jeux d'enfants. She has also appeared in movies like Big Fish, A Good Year, Public Enemies, Nine, Inception, Midnight in Paris, Contagion, and The Dark Knight Rises "Rust & Bone.

In 2007, Cotillard starred as a French singer in Édith Piaf in La Vie en Rose. For that role she won the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award, the César Award, and the Golden Globe Award for best actress. She made movie history by becoming the first person to win an Academy Award for a French language performance. In 2010 she received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the musical Nine.

Early Life and Family
Cotillard was born in Paris, France on September 30, 1975 to Jean Claude-Cotillard who is an actor, former mime, and a Molière Award winning director. Cotillard's mother Monique (known as Niseema) Theillaud, is also an actress and a drama teacher. She has two younger twin brothers, Quentin and Guillaume. Guillaume is a screenwriter and director. She began acting during her childhood, appearing on stage for her father's plays.

Personal life
Cotillard currently lives with her partner Guillaume Canet. Many reports say the couple prefer to live in a simple lifestyle, and they are often spotted in cafes and shopping together in Paris. Neither of the two discusses their relationship with the media, although photos of the couple regularly surface in the European tabloids. On May 20, 2011 the couple had their first child called Marcel.

References

Other websites

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Academy Award winning actors
Category:Actors from Paris
Category:Satellite Award winners
Category:BAFTA Award winning actors
Category:French movie actors
Category:French singers
Category:French television actors
Category:Musicians from Paris
Category:French stage actors
Category:French voice actors

Marion Cotillard


C major is a major scale based on C, which is made up of the pitches C,D,E,F,G,A,B. Its key signature has no flats or sharps (see below: Scales and keys).

Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor. A scale in both C major and A minor can be played on a piano or other keyboard instrument using only the white keys.

Most of the time key signatures were cancelled whenever the new key signature had fewer sharps or flats than the old key signature, in modern popular music, this is only done when C major or A minor replace another key.

Scales and keys

References

Category:Musical keys
Category:Major scales

C major


Siamand Rahman (; 21 March 1988 – 1 March 2020) was an Iranian Paralympic powerlifter.

He won gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio and the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou.

He is the current IPC Powerlifting World Record holder in the +107 kg category with a  bench press and also holds the junior world record with  and the Paralympic Championship Record with .

Siamand died on 1 March 2020 of cardiac arrest in Oshnavieh, Iran at the age of 31.

References

Category:1988 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Deaths from cardiac arrest
Category:Iranian sportspeople

Siamand Rahman


Maundy Thursday, also known as Holy Thursday, Covenant Thursday, Great & Holy Thursday, and Thursday of Mysteries, is the Christian feast or holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter that commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Twelve Apostles as described in the Canonical gospels. It is the fifth day of Holy Week, and is preceded by Holy Wednesday and followed by Good Friday.

category:Christian holidays
Category:Easter

pcd:Jeudi jeudyou

Maundy Thursday


Three's Company is an American situation comedy. It aired on the ABC network. It began in March 1977 and ended in September 1984.

The show is a remake of the British sitcom Man About the House. Nowadays the domestic distribution rights are handled by creator Don L. Taffner's estate and the international rights are handled by FremantleMedia (whose company Thames originated the sitcom Man About the House).

The show is set in Santa Monica, California. It is about a man pretending to be gay so his landlord won't evict him, it is also about financial struggling such as the roommates not being able to pay their rent. The sitcom heavily relies on innuendo and sexy misunderstandings. It is also a comedy of errors. The show had two spinoffs also based on Britcoms: The Ropers (George & Mildred) & Three's a Crowd (Robin's Nest).

The series was later the subject of the made-for-TV movie Behind the Camera: the Unauthorized Story of Three's Company. The movie showed how cast changes led to the show ending.

Cast
John Ritter,
Joyce DeWitt
Suzanne Somers,
Jenilee Harrison
Priscilla Barnes
Richard Kline
Ann Wedgeworth (who only appeared in eleven episodes of season four)
Norman Fell
Audra Lindley (Fell and Lindley left after season three for their own series)
Don Knotts (who played the new landlord)

Other websites

Category:1977 establishments in the United States
Category:1977 television series debuts
Category:1984 disestablishments in the United States
Category:1984 television series endings
Category:1970s American sitcoms
Category:1980s American sitcoms
Category:ABC network shows
Category:American television series based on British television series
Category:Santa Monica, California
Category:Television series about friendship
Category:Television series set in Los Angeles County, California

Three's Company


Dead Kennedys were a hardcore punk band from San Francisco. The band was led by Jello Biafra. Other original members were Klaus Fluoride, D.H. Peligro, and East Bay Ray. The band played songs with strong political messages.  During the 1980s, they had many fans in the punk rock music scene.

The Dead Kennedys formed in June 1978. In 1980, one of their songs called "California Über Alles" became popular in the punk music scene.  In 1980, they recorded and released a song called  "Holiday in Cambodia". That same year, they made their first album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. In the early 1980s, the band toured all over the United States, Europe, and Australia.

In July of 1987, the band broke up. After they broke up, they were charged with the crime of obscenity. A person saw the band's album Frankenchrist  and complained to the Attorney General for the State of California and to Los Angeles prosecutors. The album included a picture that showed nine penises. In August 1987, the criminal trial ended but the jury could not make a decision. The album was banned from many record stores in the United States.

Discography

Studio albums
Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables - September 1980 (# 33)
Plastic Surgery Disasters - November 1982
Frankenchrist - October 1985
Bedtime for Democracy - November 1986

Extended Play records
In God We Trust, Inc. - December 1981

Singles
California Über Alles - June 1979
Holiday in Cambodia - May 1980
Kill the Poor - October 1980 (# 49)
Too Drunk to Fuck - May 1981 (# 31)
Nazi Punks Fuck Off! - November 1981
Bleed for Me - July 1982
Halloween - December 1982

Videos
The Early Years Live - July 1987
The Lost Tapes - July 2003
Live at DMPO's on Broadway - February 2004
Farewell Tour Again with Dead Kennedys - May 2014

Other websites

Official site of the Dead Kennedys
Alternative Tentacles - Record Label Launched by Dead Kennedys

Category:1978 establishments in California
Category:1970s American music groups
Category:1980s American music groups
Category:2000s American music groups
Category:2010s American music groups
Category:American punk bands
Category:Hardcore punk
Category:Musical groups established in 1978
Category:Musical groups from San Francisco
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1986
Category:1980s disestablishments in California
Category:Musical groups established in 2001
Category:2001 establishments in California

Dead Kennedys


Elizabeth Cole (better known as Elizabeth Ashley; August 30 1939) is an American stage, television series and movie actress. She received the Tony Award for "Best Featured Actress in a Play". She has performed in many Broadway plays and movies. She was in the television sitcom Evening Shade in the 1990s. She is originally from Ocala, Florida.

References

Other websites

Category:American movie actors
Category:Tony Award winning actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:Actors from Florida
Category:1939 births
Category:Living people

Elizabeth Ashley


The King Power Stadium is a football stadium in Leicester, England, where Leicester City Football Club play their home football matches. Built to replace the aging filbert street ground, it can have up to 32,500 people inside it, more than 10,000 more than the ground it replaced. Originally called  the Walkers Stadium, it was renamed to the King Power Stadium in 2011 following the end of the sponsorship deal, and re-branded the King Power Stadium following a take over by the current club owners and consultation with fans.

Category:Football stadiums in England

King Power Stadium


The Scottish Tramway and Transport Society was set up on the 27th June 1951. It was called the "Scottish Tramway Museum Society". It had that name until 1983 when it changed to the current one. It was made by people interested in trams and tramways. They wanted to preserve a Glasgow "Room and Kitchen" type single deck tramcar. There is now one at the Glasgow Museum of Transport.

Category:Light rail in the United Kingdom
Category:Tram transport in the United Kingdom
Category:Organisations based in the United Kingdom
Category:1951 establishments in the United Kingdom

Scottish Tramway and Transport Society


Robert E. White (September 21, 1926 – January 13, 2015) was an American career diplomat. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay from 1977 until 1980 and to El Salvador from 1980 until 1981. He later became president of the Center for International Policy.

White was born in Melrose, Massachusetts. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946. He was married to Mary-Anne White and had five grown children.

White died on January 13, 2015 in Arlington, Virginia from prostate and bladder cancer, aged 88.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Deaths from prostate cancer
Category:Deaths from bladder cancer
Category:Ambassadors of the United States
Category:American military people
Category:Politicians from Massachusetts

Robert White (ambassador)


Batha was one of fourteen prefectures of Chad. The area is part of the Batha Region since 2002.

Category:Prefectures of Chad

Batha


Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 - 18 January 1936) was an English author and poet. He was born in Bombay, India. He wrote children's fiction, like Kim, The Jungle Book and Puck of Pook's Hill. He also wrote the well-known poems, If — and Gunga Din, and many short stories set in India. He was awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature. He spent part of his life living and writing in New England with his American wife but returned to England to live in Sussex.

Kipling died of a perforated duodenal ulcer in Fitzrovia, London in 1936 and is buried in Westminster Abbey, London.

Category:1865 births
Category:1936 deaths
Category:British children's writers
Category:British Nobel Prize winners
Category:Disease-related deaths in England
Category:English poets
Category:People buried in Westminster Abbey
Category:People from Bombay

Rudyard Kipling


Emmanuel College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1584 and has around 650 students. Emmanuel has the tradition of doing very well in the exams.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Graham Chapman.

In 2006 the Dean of Emmanuel College said that same sex couples can have civil partnerships at Emmanuel's Chapel. This made it the first in the Church of England to allow this.

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:Colleges of the University of Cambridge

Emmanuel College, Cambridge


Random House is the biggest English-language book publisher in the world.  It is owned by the large German media company Bertelsmann.

Other websites
 Random House official website in the U.S.
 Random House official website in the UK
 Random House official website in Germany
 Random House official website in Canada
 Random House official website in Australia
 Random House official recruiting website in the U.S.
 Random House careers and recruiting website in the UK
 Biography of Bennett Cerf with the quote on the origin of the Random House name
 Bertelsmann official website

Category:Book publishing companies
Category:Companies of Germany
Category:Companies of the United Kingdom
Category:Companies based in New York City
Category:1925 establishments
Category:1920s establishments in Germany

Random House


Smedjebacken Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Smedjebacken.

References

Other websites

 Smedjebacken Municipality

Category:Municipalities of Sweden

Smedjebacken Municipality


Barenaked Ladies are a Canadian band. They formed in Toronto, Canada in 1988. The band is made up of four men. In 1991, the band was taken off the program for a New Year's Eve concert in Toronto because someone thought the name was bad. The band started as a duo with Ed Roberstson and Steven Page. Lead singer Page left the band in 2009 to begin a solo career. He was also arrested in 2008 for having the illegal drug cocaine.

Members
The current band members are:
 Ed Roberston - guitar and vocals
 Jim Creegan - vocals and bass
 Kevin Hearn - vocals, keyboard, accordion and guitar
 Tyler Stewart - vocals and drums

Television
Ed Robertson is also the host of a television programme, called Ed's Up. On the programme, he travels around Canada by airplane. A plane he was flying crashed into trees in 2008. Roberston and the other passengers were not hurt.

The theme song to the television series The Big Bang Theory is performed by Barenaked Ladies.

Recordings
The band have made 14 albums:
 Gordon (1992)
 Maybe You Should Drive (1994)
 Born on a Pirate Ship (1996)
 Rock Spectacle (1996)
 Stunt (1998)
 Maroon (2000)
 Disc One: All Their Greatest Hits (2001)
 Everything To Everyone (2003)
 Barenaked For The Holidays (2004)
 Barenaked Ladies Are Me (2006)
 Talk To The Hand: Live In Michigan DVD (2007)
 Barenaked Ladies Are Men (2007)
 Snacktime! (2008)
 All In Good Time (2010)

References

Other websites
 Ed's Up TV pages

Category:1980s Canadian music groups
Category:1990s Canadian music groups
Category:2000s Canadian music groups
Category:2010s Canadian music groups
Category:Canadian rock bands
Category:Musical groups established in 1988
Category:Ontario
Category:1988 establishments in Canada

Barenaked Ladies


In some eusocial species, individuals of one species live together in colonies. These groups are often called nests or hives. Often there is a division of labour. In Hymenoptera, for example, a hive may have several kinds of females, which by Polyphenism carry out different tasks, and whose bodies are different.

Such specialized types in one species are known as castes. Castes that are not involved in producing offspring are usually sterile. The term originally comes from the caste-system in Hinduism.

Related pages
Eusociality

Notes

Category:Zoology

Caste (biology)


"The Game" is a song by DragonForce. It is the second single and first track from the studio album Maximum Overload. The song has a music video released on June 18 2014 on YouTube. The song featured Matt Heafy.

Other websites

Category:Heavy metal

The Game


Juan Carlos Touriño (14 July 1944 – 7 March 2017) was a Spanish football defender. He won two Spanish league titles and two Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. He made one appearance for the Spanish national team.

Death
Touriño died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on the night of 7 March 2017 from pancreatic disease, aged 72.

Titles
Real Madrid
La Liga (3): 1971-72, 1973-74, 1974-75
Copa del Rey (2): 1973-74, 1974–75

References

Other websites
 Spain statistics
 World Football profile

Category:1944 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from pancreatic disease
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:People from Buenos Aires

Juan Carlos Touriño


Margaret Denise Quigley (born May 22, 1979), better known as  Maggie Q, is an American actress and former fashion model. She is known for many movie roles. They include the character Mai Linh in Live Free or Die Hard and her role with Tom Cruise in Mission: Impossible III. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.

References

Category:Actors from Honolulu
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American models
Category:1979 births
Category:Living people

Maggie Q


Aki Schmidt (5 September, 1935 – 11 November, 2016) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1960-61||rowspan="7"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||25||1
|-
|1961-62||29||10
|-
|1962-63||28||7
|-
|1963-64||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||26||5
|-
|1964-65||24||5
|-
|1965-66||25||7
|-
|1966-67||6||2
163||37
163||37
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1957||4||2
|-
|1958||8||1
|-
|1959||6||3
|-
|1960||2||0
|-
|1961||0||0
|-
|1962||0||0
|-
|1963||2||1
|-
|1964||3||1
|-
!Total||25||8
|}

References

Category:1935 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:German footballers
Category:People from Dortmund
Category:Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia

Aki Schmidt


The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics will be held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil.

The tournament will feature both the men's and women's teams. The men's teams can only have players who were born on or after 1 January 1993, and the women's teams have no age limit.

The tournament will be played in six cities: Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador, São Paulo, and Manaus.

Qualified teams

Men

The top 4 teams in the 2015 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualify, the winner of the 2015 Pacific Games qualifies, the top 2 teams in the 2015 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualify, the top 3 teams from the 2015 Africa U-23 Cup of Nations qualify, the top 3 teams from the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualify and the winner of the 2016 CONCACAF–CONMEBOL play-off qualifies.

Women

The best two European teams from the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualify, the winner of the 2014 Copa América Femenina qualifies (which was Brazil but they already qualified for being hosts, so the runners-up qualified instead), the top 2 teams from the 2015 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualify, the winner of the 2016 OFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualifies, the top 2 teams from the 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualify, the top 2 teams from the 2016 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualify and the winner of the 2016 UEFA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament qualifies.

Men's tournament

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Women's tournament

Group stage

Group E

Group F

Group G

Best third-place teams

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Medal summary

Medal table

Statistics

Men top goalscorers
6 goals
 Serge Gnabry
 Nils Petersen

4 goals

 Neymar
 Maximilian Meyer
 Erick Gutiérrez
 Oghenekaro Etebo
 Umar Sadiq

3 goals

 Gabriel Jesus
 Luan
 Teo Gutiérrez
 Anthony Lozano
 Kwon Chang-hoon
 Ryu Seung-woo
 Suk Hyun-jun
 Gonçalo Paciência

2 goals

 Sofiane Bendebka
 Gabriel
 Dorlan Pabón
 Matthias Ginter
 Davie Selke
 Alberth Elis
 Marcelo Pereira
 Takuma Asano
 Son Heung-min
 Aminu Umar

1 goal

 Mohamed Benkablia
 Baghdad Bounedjah
 Jonathan Calleri
 Ángel Correa
 Mauricio Martínez
 Marquinhos
 Robert Skov
 Roy Krishna
 Lukas Klostermann
 Philipp Max
 Romell Quioto
 Saad Abdul-Amir
 Shinzo Koroki
 Takumi Minamino
 Shoya Nakajima
 Musashi Suzuki
 Shinya Yajima
 Oribe Peralta
 Rodolfo Pizarro
 Carlos Salcedo
 John Obi Mikel
 Tobias Figueiredo
 Pité
 Hwang Hee-chan
 Gift Motupa
 Astrit Ajdarević
 Mikael Ishak

Own goals
 Hiroki Fujiharu (playing against Colombia)

Women top goalscorers
5 goals
 Melanie Behringer

3 goals

 Beatriz
 Janine Beckie
 Christine Sinclair
 Sara Däbritz

2 goals

 Michelle Heyman
 Cristiane
 Marta
 Melissa Tancredi
 Catalina Usme
 Louisa Cadamuro
 Eugenie Le Sommer
 Stina Blackstenius
 Carli Lloyd
 Alex Morgan

1 goal

 Lisa De Vanna
 Caitlin Foord
 Alanna Kennedy
 Samantha Kerr
 Clare Polkinghorne
 Kyah Simon
 Andressa Alves
 Mônica
 Deanne Rose
 Sophie Schmidt
 Gu Yasha
 Tan Ruyin
 Camille Abily
 Amel Majri
 Saskia Bartusiak
 Melanie Leupolz
 Dzsenifer Marozsán
 Alexandra Popp
 Amber Hearn
 Nilla Fischer
 Lotta Schelin
 Crystal Dunn
 Mallory Pugh
 Kudakwashe Basopo
 Mavis Chirandu
 Emmaculate Msipa

1 own goal

 Carolina Arias (playing against France)
 Linda Sembrant (playing against Germany)
 Eunice Chibanda (playing against Germany)

Tournament rankings

Men

Women

References

Other websites

Football, Rio2016.com
Men's Olympic Football Tournament, Rio 2016, FIFA.com
Women's Olympic Football Tournament, Rio 2016, FIFA.com

Category:2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Football at the Olympics

Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics


Obfuscation means making something harder to understand, usually by complicating sentences needlessly. Weasel words are a form of obfuscation. Obfuscation is usually used when people either do not know what they are talking about or wish to hide their meaning.

Some people say that when doctors use difficult medical words to hide unpleasant things from patients, they are using obfuscation.

Technical term: Obfuscation is sometimes used to make source code much harder to read and reverse engineer.  This can be a significant concern for technology like Java and JavaScript that require source code to be exposed in order to function.

Category:Language

Obfuscation


Malmerspach is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Category:Communes in Haut-Rhin

Malmerspach


The Azerbaijani National Guard () is a paramilitary force in Azerbaijan. The Internal Troops is under the authority of the Government of Azerbaijan  and operates as a semi-independent entity. The Azerbaijani National Guard was definitely active in December 1996 but has been united into the Special State Protection Service. The guard was established on the December 25, 1991.

The Special State Protection Service (SSPS) of Azerbaijan is a military unit directly under the authority of the President of Azerbaijan. Its responsibilities include the protection of the President of Azerbaijan, the protection of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (Parliament), the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan, the Constitutional Court, the Central Election Commission and other public bodies as well as the protection of important foreign leaders visiting Azerbaijan.

One of the most important tasks of the SPSS is the safety of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan petroleum and natural gas pipeline and the South Caucasus petroleum pipeline. NATO is supporting the service with several helicopters and military vehicles in order to protect the pipelines.

During wartime, the Azerbaijani National Guard operates together with the Azerbaijani Land Forces, and can be involved in local defense and security of the country, along with the army.

Other law enforcement bodies in Azerbaijan include the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan and its Coast Guard branch.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

References

Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
National Guard

Azerbaijani National Guard


Frederick Thomas (February 22, 1985 – April 23, 2020), known as Fred the Godson, was an American DJ and rapper. He was born in The Bronx, New York City. In the early-2010s, he released two mixtapes; his debut was Armageddon in 2010, featuring samples of the Notorious B.I.G., Busta Rhymes, Waka Flocka Flame and Cam'ron. His second release, City of God, was one of a series for DJ Drama’s Gangsta Grillz, and featuring P. Diddy, Pusha T and Raekwon.

Between 2011 and 2020, Thomas released music and performed regularly, guest DJ-ing on New York radio station Hot 97, and worked with artists including Pusha T, Jadakiss, Cam’ron, and Raekwon. He produced two additional mixtapes in 2020, Training Day in January with Jay Pharoah, and Payback, released March 20, 2020.

On April 6, 2020, Thomas was diagnosed with COVID-19 and later suffered from asthma and kidney failure. He died from the infection on April 23, 2020 in The Bronx, aged 41.

References

Category:1985 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Deaths from the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in the United States
Category:American rap musicians
Category:American DJs
Category:American hip hop musicians
Category:Musicians from New York City

Fred the Godson


Yves Jean Bonnefoy (June 24, 1923 – July 1, 2016) was a French poet, art critics and translator. Bonnefoy published many of translations into French, mainly poems of William Shakespeare. He was born in Tours, France.

He was a professor at the Collège de France from 1981 to 1993. He was the author of several works on art, art history, and artists including Miró and Giacometti.
The Encyclopædia Britannica presents him as ″perhaps the most important French poet of the latter half of the 20th century″.

Bonnefoy died in Paris on July 1, 2016, aged 93.

References

Category:1923 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Art critics
Category:French academics
Category:French poets
Category:People from Centre-Val de Loire
Category:Translators

Yves Bonnefoy


Concord is a city in North Carolina in the United States. It is the county seat of Cabarrus County.

Category:Cities in North Carolina
Category:County seats in North Carolina

Concord, North Carolina


The Provinces of the Philippines are the main political and administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 80 provinces at present.  The provinces are divided into cities and municipalities. The National Capital Region, as well as independent cities, are separate from any provincial government. Each province has a governor.

The provinces are grouped into seventeen regions based on geographical, cultural, and ethnological characteristics. Fourteen of these regions are designated with numbers corresponding to their geographic location in order from north to south. The National Capital Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao do not have numerical designations.

Each province is member to the League of Provinces of the Philippines, an organization which aims to address issues affecting provincial and metropolitan government administrations.

List of provinces

NOTES:
 All population and land area figures include cities independent from provinces. In this table, they are counted as part of the province to which they are often grouped for statistical purposes, but in actuality they are first-level entities on their own right.
 Metro Manila is included for comparison although it is not a province but an administrative region.
 Land area figures taken from 2009 IRA computation factors.
 Population figures taken from National Statistics Office.

References

Provinces of the Philippines


To make a text underlined means to add a straight line below the text. It is commonly used to emphasize the text. However, it is usually not used.

Usage
Both HTML and Wikitext uses the same way in making underlined text. They both use the <u> and the </u> tags to produce an underlined text.

References

Related pages
 Bold
 Italic

Category:Typography

Underline


Fontenay-sous-Fouronnes is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Yonne

Fontenay-sous-Fouronnes


Stevens County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 5,724. Its county seat is Hugoton. The county is named for the Reconstruction era Pennsylvania politician Thaddeus Stevens.

History

19th century
On July 25, 1888, the Hay Meadow Massacre was a violent county seat fight between groups from Hugoton and Woodsdale, where 4 men were murdered. On August 3, 1886, Stevens County was created.

Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that  is land and  (0.02%) is water.

Major highways
  Kansas Highway 25
  Kansas Highway 51
  U.S. Highway 56

Bordering counties
 Grant County (north)
 Haskell County (northeast)
 Seward County (east)
 Texas County, Oklahoma (south)
 Morton County (west)
 Stanton County (northwest)

People

Government

Education

Unified school districts
 Moscow USD 209
 Hugoton USD 210

Communities

Cities
 Hugoton
 Moscow

Unincorporated community
 Woodsdale

Townships
Stevens County is divided into six townships.  None of the cities within the county are considered governmentally independent, and all figures for the townships include those of the cities.  In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Related pages
 List of counties in Kansas

References

Notes

Other websites

County

 Stevens County - Directory of Public Officials
Other
 Hugoton Schools
Maps
 Stevens County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

Category:1886 establishments in Kansas
Category:Kansas counties

Stevens County, Kansas


Myco-heterotrophy is a relationship between certain plants and fungi. The plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism on fungi, not from photosynthesis.

In the past, non-photosynthetic plants were thought to get food by breaking down organic matter like fungi do. Such plants were therefore called "saprophytes". That was wrong. It is now known that no plant is physiologically capable of direct breakdown of organic matter.

To get food, non-photosynthetic plants engage in parasitism, by myco-heterotrophy or direct parasitism of other plants.

The interface between the plant and fungal partners in this association is between the roots of the plant and the mycelium of the fungus. Myco-heterotrophy therefore closely resembles mycorrhiza, and is thought to have evolved from mycorrhiza.

References

Category:Parasitic plants
Category:Fungi
Category:Ecology
Category:Plant physiology

Myco-heterotrophy


Mary Janes are low-cut, rounded-toed shoes that are worn almost entirely by girls or women. They are usually low or mid heeled, though there are some that are high heeled. The shoes have one thin strap over the instep of the foot. They are made almost exclusively of leather. These shoes are worn at school, in church or during work (for certain places), and with skirts, dresses and certain types of pants.

Category:Footwear

Mary Jane (shoe)


Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi (31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005), also known as Rainier III, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years. He was one of the longest ruling monarchs in European history. His family has ruled Monaco for seven centuries. Prince Rainier was internationally known due to his marriage to the American actress Grace Kelly. He was responsible for reforms to the Constitution of Monaco. He expanded the principality's economy beyond its traditional casino gambling base. Gambling accounts for about three percent of the nation's annual revenue today. When Rainier became prince in 1949, it had accounted for more than ninety-five percent.

References

Category:1923 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:Deaths from heart failure
Category:Deaths from renal failure
Category:Military personnel of World War II
Category:Princes and princesses of Monaco

Rainier III, Prince of Monaco


The Free City of Danzig (; ) was a self-governing port on the Baltic Sea port and a city-state. It was set up on January 10, 1920, by Part III Section XI of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, and put under League of Nations protection, with special rights reserved to Poland, because it was the only port in the Polish Corridor.

The Free City ceased to exist after 1939 when it was occupied and annexed by Nazi Germany. After Germany's defeat in 1945 Danzig was occupied and annexed by Poland under the Polish name Gdańsk.

Establishment

Territory
The Free City of Danzig included the major city of Danzig (Gdańsk) as well as Zoppot (Sopot), Tiegenhof (Nowy Dwór Gdański), Neuteich (Nowy Staw) and some 252 villages and 63 hamlets. Its area was .

Polish rights
The Free City was represented abroad by Poland's ambassadors. The railway line that connected the Free City with Poland was administered by Poland. Similarly, the separated military post within the city's harbour, the Westerplatte (formerly a city beach), was also given to Poland. There were also two post-offices, one for the Danzig Postal Service, the other was Polish-run.

League of Nations High Commissioners
League of Nations mandated territories, were run by member countries on behalf of the League. But Danzig and the Saargebiet were run by the League of Nations itself, with representatives of various countries taking on the role of High Commissioner:

Population
The Free City's population was 357,000 in (1919). 98% were German-speakers, with the rest mainly speaking either Kashubian or Polish.

The Treaty of Versailles, split Danzig from Germany. The treaty made the people living in the city citizens of the Free City. German inhabitants lost their German nationality, if they wanted to stay German they had to go and live outside the Free City's territory.

Politics
Heads of State of the Free City of Danzig

In May 1933, the Nazi Party won the local elections in the city. But they had less than the two-thirds majority that would let them change the Constitution of the Free City of Danzig. The government introduced anti-Semitic and also anti-Catholic laws against the Poles and Kashubian inhabitants.

Poland always refused to allow the status of Danzig to change. In April 1939 the Polish Commissioner-General said that Poland was willing to fight if there was a change..

Second World War and aftermath
The Nazi government voted for re-unification with Germany on September 2, 1939, the day after the German invasion of Poland began.

Around 90% of the city was reduced to ruins towards the end of the Second World War. On March 30, 1945 the city was taken by the USSR. It is thought that more than 90% of the pre-war population were either dead or had fled by 1945.

The Allied Powers were told at the Potsdam conference that the former Free State was now part of Poland. (The Yalta conference was unclear whether the Free City would be recreated or not).

Related pages
 Gdańsk
 Danzig Corridor

References

Other websites

 Jewish community history
 History of Gdansk/Danzig
 Gdańsk history
 In 1997 Gdansk celebrated his thousand anniversary
 history & hallucination
 The power of Gdansk

Category:1930s disestablishments in Germany
Category:1920 establishments in Europe
Category:1920s establishments in Germany
Category:Former city-states
Category:Gdańsk
Category:League of Nations mandates
Category:Short-lived states
Category:States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Category:States and territories established in the 20th century

Free City of Danzig


Shina (also known as Tshina) is a Dardic language spoken by a some people in Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan.

References

Category:Dardic languages
Category:Languages of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Category:Languages of Jammu and Kashmir

Shina language


Rade Mihaljčić (; 21 January 1937 – 26 March 2020) was a Serbian historian and academic. His works deal with medieval Serbia, especially the Serbian empire and the Battle of Kosovo.

References

Other websites
 Biography on the website of ANURS

Category:1937 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Serbian people
Category:Historians

Rade Mihaljčić


Benoîte Groult (January 31, 1920, in Paris – June 20, 2016 in Hyères) was a French journalist, writer and feminist activist.

Her novel Les vaisseaux du cœur, published in 1988, was called pornographic by some because of its explicit sexual depictions. It was filmed by Andrew Birkin in 1992 as Salt on Our Skin.

In April 2010, she became Commander of the Légion d'honneur.

References

Category:1920 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:French journalists
Category:Activists
Category:Writers from Paris

Benoîte Groult


Breuil-Barret is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendée department in the west of France.

Category:Communes in Vendée

Breuil-Barret


Rajputs constitute one of the major Hindu Kshatriya groups from India. They claim descent from ancient royal warrior dynasties of Kshatriyas. They are identified with the word "Rajanya" found in ancient Indian literature and trace their roots to Rajputana or Rajputstan (India). In ancient times the son of a king was referred as to Rajput- Raja-putra.

The Rajputs consist of 36 different clans. These are divided into three different lines of descent (called vanshas). They are:
 Suryavanshi - descendants of the sun god, Surya.
 Chandravanshi - descendants of the moon god, Chandra.
 Agnivanshi - descendants of the fire god, Agni.

References

Other websites
 Origin of Rajputs
 Rajput Vansh and Clans
 Rajputs Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition; 2005
 Rajput Encyclopedia Britannica; 1911
 Rajputs in Rajoa, Dadyal
 Ek Tha Raja
 Kota Chauhan Clan

Category:History of India
Category:Rajputs

Rajput