Public nudity is nudity that is not in private.  It means a person being nude in a public place, or seen from public places.  Nudity in private places, such as a home, swimming pool, or nudist club does not count, as these are private places.

Acceptance of public nudity
In some places, public nudity may be legal.  For example, some beaches are nude beaches, where nudity is allowed.  Nudist resorts are created so that patrons can be nude.  Nudist events such as World Naked Bike Ride allow nudity for a short time where it would otherwise not be allowed.

In most other places, public nudity is unacceptable.  It is often illegal.  Exhibitionists often appear nude in public to attract attention.  Protesters also appear naked in public at times.

Nudism promotes public nudity in a group, but in special locations.

Category:Nudity

Public nudity


Joseph William Kittinger II (born July 27, 1928) is a retired Colonel in the United States Air Force and a USAF Command Pilot. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He set a world record for the longest skydive from a height more than . He was also the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean, alone, in a hot air balloon.

He was a fighter pilot in the Vietnam War and was a prisoner of war in a North Vietnamese prison.

References

Category:1928 births
Category:Living people
Category:American aviators
Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Category:Colonels
Category:Military people from Florida
Category:People from Tampa, Florida
Category:Prisoners of war

Joe Kittinger


Wickes is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Category:Cities in Arkansas

Wickes, Arkansas


Roger Thomas Staubach (born February 5, 1942), nicknamed "Roger the Dodger", "Captain America" and "Captain Comeback", is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. Staubach played for the Dallas Cowboys from 1969 to 1979.

In November 2018 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald Trump.

References

Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Category:1942 births
Category:Living people
Category:American football quarterbacks
Category:Dallas Cowboys players
Category:Sportspeople from Cincinnati, Ohio

Roger Staubach


The arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Haute-Loire département. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Le Puy-en-Velay.

History
When the Haute-Loire department was created on 4 March 1790, the arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay, with the name of Le Puy, was part of that original department. In 1988, the name was changed to Puy-en-Velay.

Geography
The arrondissement of Puy-en-Velay is bordered to the north by the Puy-de-Dôme and Loire departments, to the northeast by the arrondissement of Yssingeaux, to the east and southeast by the Ardèche department, to the south and southwest by the Lozère department and to the west by the arrondissement of Brioude.

It is the central arrondissement of the department and is the largest arrondissement both in area, , and in population, with 96,041 inhabitants and a density of  inhabitants/km².

The Loire river flows through this arrondissement.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

In the arrondissement of Puy-en-Velay, there are 9 cantons:

 Emblavez-et-Meygal (4306)
 Mézenc (4308) (partly)
 Plateau du Haut-Velay granitique (4311) (partly)
 Le Puy-en-Velay-1 (4312)
 Le Puy-en-Velay-2 (4313)
 Le Puy-en-Velay-3 (4314)
 Le Puy-en-Velay-4 (4315)
 Saint-Paulien (4316)
 Velay volcanique (4318)

Communes
The arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay has 102 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):

 Aiguilhe (43002)
 Allègre (43003)
 Alleyrac (43004)
 Alleyras (43005)
 Arlempdes (43008)
 Arsac-en-Velay (43010)
 Bains (43018)
 Barges (43019)
 Beaulieu (43021)
 Beaune-sur-Arzon (43023)
 Bellevue-la-Montagne (43026)
 Blanzac (43030)
 Blavozy (43032)
 Borne (43036)
 Le Bouchet-Saint-Nicolas (43037)
 Le Brignon (43039)
 Brives-Charensac (43041)
 Cayres (43042)
 Céaux-d'Allègre (43043)
 Ceyssac (43045)
 Chadrac (43046)
 Chadron (43047)
 Chamalières-sur-Loire (43049)
 Champclause (43053)
 La Chapelle-Bertin (43057)
 Chaspinhac (43061)
 Chaspuzac (43062)
 Chaudeyrolles (43066)
 Chomelix (43071)
 Costaros (43077)
 Coubon (43078)
 Craponne-sur-Arzon (43080)
 Cussac-sur-Loire (43084)
 Espaly-Saint-Marcel (43089)
 Les Estables (43091)
 Fay-sur-Lignon (43092)
 Fix-Saint-Geneys (43095)
 Freycenet-la-Cuche (43097)
 Freycenet-la-Tour (43098)
 Goudet (43101)
 Jullianges (43108)
 Lafarre (43109)
 Landos (43111)
 Lantriac (43113)
 Laussonne (43115)
 Lavoûte-sur-Loire (43119)
 Lissac (43122)
 Loudes (43124)
 Malrevers (43126)
 Mézères (43134)
 Le Monastier-sur-Gazeille (43135)
 Monlet (43138)
 Le Monteil (43140)
 Montusclat (43143)
 Moudeyres (43144)
 Ouides (43145)
 Le Pertuis (43150)
 Polignac (43152)
 Pradelles (43154)
 Présailles (43156)
 Le Puy-en-Velay (43157)
 Queyrières (43158)
 Rauret (43160)
 Roche-en-Régnier (43164)
 Rosières (43165)
 Saint-Arcons-de-Barges (43168)
 Saint-Christophe-sur-Dolaison (43174)
 Saint-Étienne-du-Vigan (43180)
 Saint-Étienne-Lardeyrol (43181)
 Saint-Front (43186)
 Saint-Geneys-près-Saint-Paulien (43187)
 Saint-Georges-Lagricol (43189)
 Saint-Germain-Laprade (43190)
 Saint-Haon (43192)
 Saint-Hostien (43194)
 Saint-Jean-d'Aubrigoux (43196)
 Saint-Jean-de-Nay (43197)
 Saint-Jean-Lachalm (43198)
 Saint-Julien-Chapteuil (43200)
 Saint-Julien-d'Ance (43201)
 Saint-Martin-de-Fugères (43210)
 Saint-Paul-de-Tartas (43215)
 Saint-Paulien (43216)
 Saint-Pierre-du-Champ (43217)
 Saint-Pierre-Eynac (43218)
 Saint-Privat-d'Allier (43221)
 Saint-Victor-sur-Arlanc (43228)
 Saint-Vidal (43229)
 Saint-Vincent (43230)
 Salettes (43231)
 Sanssac-l'Église (43233)
 Séneujols (43238)
 Solignac-sur-Loire (43241)
 Vals-près-le-Puy (43251)
 Varennes-Saint-Honorat (43252)
 Les Vastres (43253)
 Vazeilles-Limandre (43254)
 Vergezac (43257)
 Vernassal (43259)
 Le Vernet (43260)
 Vielprat (43263)
 Vorey (43267)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Haute-Loire department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Le Puy-en-Velay
Category:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Arrondissement of Le Puy-en-Velay


SM Entertainment is a record label and talent agency in South Korea. It is one of the main entertainment businesses in Korea. It was founded by Lee Su-man, a former singer. It was originally focused solely on entertainment management. Since then, however, they have expanded their business interests to establishing subsidiary companies and incorporating affiliates. They have foreign subsidiaries, such as SM Japan, Asia, and USA.

Debut of stars
Since 1996, SM Entertainment has produced many artists. In 1996, a five-male group H.O.T. made the first debut for the company. A three-female group S.E.S. debuted in 1997. They continued to produce Korean pop idols, such as the male duo Fly to the Sky in 1999, a female solo singer Boa in 2000, a dance group TVXQ in 2004, and a 13-male group Super Junior in 2005. In 1998, the six-male group Shinhwa also began their career with SM Entertainment. The company was also behind the debut of Girls' Generation,  in 2007, Shinee in 2008, f(x) in 2009, Exo in 2012, Red Velvet in 2014 and NCT, a sub-unit based group in 2016, with NCT-U debuting first.

Artists

Recording artists
Soloists

 BoA
 Kangta
 J-Min
 Dana
 Sunday
 Henry
 Taemin
 Zhou Mi
 Kyuhyun
 Taeyeon
 Ryeowook
 Yesung
 Luna
 Lay
 Hyoyeon
 Chen
 baekhyun

Groups
 H.O.T
 S.E.S
 TVXQ
 TRAX
 CSJH The Grace
 Super Junior
 Girls' Generation
 Shinee
 f(x)
 EXO
 Red Velvet
 NCT
 WayV

Sub-units
 Super Junior-K.R.Y.
 Super Junior-T
 Super Junior-M
 Super Junior-Happy
 Super Junior-D&E
 Girls' Generation-TTS
   Girls' Generation-Oh!GG
 EXO-M
 EXO-K
 NCT U
 NCT 127
 NCT DREAM

Project groups
 S.M. The Ballad
 M&D
 Younique Unit (Inactive)
 S.M. The Performance
 Toheart (Inactive)
 Super M

Actors/Actresses

Do Kyungsoo  EXO
lay   EXO
suho   EXO
sehun   EXO
baekhyun  EXO
chen   EXO
xiumin   EXO
chanyeol   EXO
kai   EXO
 Choi Jong-yoon
 Kim Ian
 Kim Min-jong
 Lee Jae-ryong
 Lee Yeon-hee
 Yoo Ho-jeong
 Lina
 Im Yoon-ah
 Sulli

Entertainers
 Kim Kyung-sik
 Lee Dong-woo

Studio artists

Pianists
Song Kwang-sik

Former artists

Former recording artists

 Hyun Jin-young (1990–1993)
 Han Dong-joon (1991–1992)
 Kim Kwang-jin (1991–1992)
 Major (Seo Yeon-soo and Im Bum-jun, 1994)
 J&J (Jay Kim and Jay Kang, 1994)
 H.O.T. (1996–2001)
Moon Hee-joon (1996–2005)
Lee Jae-won (1996–2001)
Tony An (1996–2001)
Jang Woo-hyuk (1996–2001)
 Shinhwa (1998–2003)
 Fly to the Sky (1999–2004)
 Jang Na-ra (2001–2008)
 M.I.L.K (2001–2003)
Seo Hyun-jin (2001–2007)
 Sugar (2001–2006)
 Black Beat (2002–2007)
 Shinvi (2002–2003)
 Isak 'N' Jiyeon (2002–2004)
Kim Isak (2002–2012)
TVXQ
 Kim Jae-joong (2003–2009)
 Park Yoochun (2003–2009)
 Kim Junsu (2003–2009)
 TRAX
 Kang Jung-woo (2004–2006)
 No Min-woo (2004–2009)
CSJH The Grace
 Stephanie (2005–2016)
Super Junior
 Han Geng (2005–2009)
 Kim Kibum (2004–2015)
Girls' Generation
 Jessica (2007–2015)
Tiffany (2007–2017)
Sooyoung (2007–2017)
Seohyun (2007–2017)
 Chu Ga-yeoul (2002–2012)
EXO
 Kris (2012–2014)
 Luhan (2012–2014)
 Tao (2012–2015)
 Zhang Liyin (2006–2017)
Jonghyun (2008-2017)
•f(x)
•AMBER LIU (2009-2019)
•VICTORIA SONG (2009-2019)
••PARK LUNA (2009-2019)

Former actors/actresses
 Yoon Park (2009–2013)
 Go Ara (2003–2016)

Stocks
SM Entertainment was established in 1995 with initial capital of 50 million won. In 2000, their shares were registered on the KOSDAQ market. Moreover, SM formed a music investment fund with about 10 billion won in 2001. This was the first of its kind in Korea. SM Entertainment's revenues grew 53% in 2011 compared to the year before. The company recorded 1686 billion won. The largest shareholder is Lee Su-man, who owns 21.50% of SM The affiliates of SM Entertainment includes SM Culture and Contents, SM Entertainment Japan Inc., Starlight, Galgali Family Entertainment, Dream Maker Entertainment Limited, SM Amusement, SM F&B Development, M Studio City, SM Brandmarketing, SM Entertainment USA Inc., and SM Krage.

References

Category:South Korean record labels
Category:Entertainment companies
Category:1995 establishments in Asia

SM Entertainment


Tropical Cyclone Yasi was a tropical cyclone that caused a lot of damage when it reached the Australian coast at about midnight on Wednesday 2 February 2011. The storm which started in the Coral Sea, destroyed hundreds of homes in the northern Queensland towns of Tully, Mission Beach, Innisfail and Cardwell. Yasi was a Category Five storm, the highest level, with winds of about 300 km/h. It was the biggest storm in Queensland's history, with more than 10,000 people moved from their homes. The storm passed between the two big cities of Cairns and Townsville which only suffered minor damage. Early estimates of damage put the cost at about AU$100 million.

Cyclone Yasi did not cause the damage that government expected as it missed major cities. It did however destroy 30% of the houses in Tully. At least 75% of the banana crop was destroyed, and damage to the sugar cane farms is expected to cost about AU$500 million. One person died when they were poisoned by fumes from a portable generator. Damage to power lines left 150,000 homes without electricity.

The rainforest around Mission Beach was flattened by the cyclone. This meant that most of the food and shelter needed for the wildlife has been destroyed. The Southern Cassowary, a large endangered bird, will need help to survive in the forest. After Cyclone Larry in 2006 it is thought that about one third of the cassowaries at Mission Beach died from starvation. A group, called Rainforest Rescue, is going to set up feeding areas in the forest for the birds.

References

Other websites
 Photos of damage from Cyclone Yasi
 Rainforest Rescue

Category:2011 in weather
Category:2011 in Australia
Category:February 2011 events
Category:Queensland
Category:Tropical cyclones in Oceania

Cyclone Yasi


Project X is an American comedy movie from 2012. It was directed by Nima Nourizadeh and written by Michael Bacall and Matt Drake. The story is about three teenagers—Thomas, Costa and J. B.—who plan to gain popularity by throwing a party. Their plan quickly gets out of their control. Most of the movie's cast were not famous, being relatively new to acting. The movie is filmed as a home video from the perspective of one of the teenagers attending the party and using a camera to record the night's events.

Project X was released in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom on 2 March 2012. It made over US$100 million worldwide during its time in cinemas.

Cast
 Thomas Mann as Thomas Kub.
 Oliver Cooper as Costa.
 Jonathan Daniel Brown as J.B.
 Dax Flame as Dax
 Kirby Bliss Blanton as Kirby
 Brady Hender and Nick Nervies as Everett and Tyler
 Alexis Knapp as Alexis.

Soundtrack

The Project X (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the movie. It was released by WaterTower Music on February 28, 2012. It has several artists and tracks released in the past decade. Musical genres range from hip hop to house music.  The soundtrack mainly has the thirteen tracks that played in the movie. The soundtrack debuted on the U.S. Billboard Top 200 albums chart at number twenty-three. It peaked at number three on March 15th.

The soundtrack featured songs by Kid Cudi, D12, MGK, Nas, and . A popular song from the album is American rap artist Kid Cudi's 2010 single "Pursuit of Happiness." The song was re-released by disc jockey and house music producer Steve Aoki in 2011. Both versions were on the soundtrack.

References

Documents

Other websites

Category:2012 movies
Category:American teen comedy movies
Category:Warner Bros. movies

Project X


Fight Club is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk. It was published in 1996 by W. W. Norton & Company. It was well received. The story is about an insomniac and a man named Tyler Durden. They start a fight club as a form of mental therapy. The book was made into a movie of the same name starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton.

Category:1996 books
Category:20th century American novels
Category:Dissociative identity disorder in fiction
Category:English-language novels

Fight Club (book)


Charente-Maritime (Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine) is a department on the west coast of France in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is named after the Charente river, the most important river in the department, and its position along the coast.

Its prefecture is the city of La Rochelle.

History

The department, as Charente-Inférieure ("Lower Charente" because it was in the lower part of the Charente river), is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790.

It was created from parts of the old provinces of Saintonge and Aunis and small parts of Poitou and Angoumois.

The new department had seven districts: La Rochelle, Rochefort, Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Saintes, Pons, Montlieu and Marennes. The capital (now prefecture) was Saintes alternating with La Rochelle and Saint-Jean-d'Angély but soon was changed and Saintes was kept as the only capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the seven districts were changed into six arrondissements: Saintes, Jonzac, Marennes, Rochefort, La Rochelle and Saint-Jean-d'Angély and in 1810 the capital was moved to La Rochelle.

On 10 September 1926, the arrondissements of Marennes and Saint-Jean-d'Angély were eliminated. In 1943, Saint-Jean-d'Angély was made again an arrondissement.

On 4 Septembre 1941, the name of the department was changed from Charente-Inférieure to the present name of Charente-Maritime.

Geography
Charente-Maritime is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has an area of .

The highest point in the department is in the woods of Chantemerlière, near the commune of Contré in the northeast, and that is  high.

The department is bordered by the departments: Vendée, Deux-Sèvres, Charente, Dordogne and Gironde.

The main rivers are the Charente and its tributaries, the Boutonne and the Seugne, along with the Sèvre Niortaise, the Seudre, and the Garonne in its downstream part, which is the estuary of the Gironde.

The department includes the islands of:
 Île de Ré
 Île d'Aix
 Île d'Oléron, the largest island of Metropolitan France; it is  long and  wide, with an area of
 Île Madame, the smallest of the four islands.

Climate
The climate of La Rochelle is an oceanic climate with template summers, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.

The average amount of precipitation for the year in La Rochelle is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in La Rochelle is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administration
The department is managed by the Departmental Council of the Charente-Maritime in La Rochelle. Charente-Maritime is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 27 cantons and 469 communes (municipalities) in Charente-Maritime.

The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Charente-Maritime department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Aytré (1701)
 Chaniers (1702)
 Châtelaillon-Plage (1703)
 Île d'Oléron (1704)
 Île de Ré (1705)
 La Jarrie (1706)
 Jonzac (1707)
 Lagord (1708)
 Marans (1709)
 Marennes (1710)
 Matha (1711)
 Pons (1712)
 Rochefort (1713)
 La Rochelle-1 (1714)
 La Rochelle-2 (1715)
 La Rochelle-3 (1716)
 Royan (1717)
 Saint-Jean-d'Angély (1718)
 Saint-Porchaire (1719)
 Saintes (1720)
 Saintonge Estuaire (1721)
 Saujon (1722)
 Surgères (1723)
 Thénac (1724)
 Tonnay-Charente (1725)
 La Tremblade (1726)
 Les Trois Monts (1727)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Charente-Maritime are known, in French, as Charentais maritimes (women: Charentaises maritimes).

Charente-Maritime has a population, in 2014, of 637,089, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Rochelle, with 210,151 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other four, Rochefort,  Saintes, Jonzac and Saint-Jean-d'Angély, have respectively 187,843, 128,786, 56,973 and 53,336 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Charente-Maritime

The 10 main cities in the department are:

Gallery

References

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Charente-Maritime department

Other websites

 Departmental Council website
 Prefecture website
 Charente Maritime Tourisme

Category:Departments in Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Charente-Maritime


In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of the operation of a secure cipher.

Confusion and diffusion were identified by Claude Elwood Shannon in his paper, "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems" published in 1949. In Shannon's original definitions:
Confusion refers to making the relationship between the key and the ciphertext as complex and as involved as possible
Diffusion refers to the property that redundancy in the statistics of the plaintext is "dissipated" in the statistics of the ciphertext.

Diffusion is associated with the dependency of the output bits on the input bits. In a cipher with good diffusion, flipping an input bit should change each output bit with a probability of one half (this is termed the Strict Avalanche Criterion).

Substitution (a rule for replacing plaintext symbols by another) has been identified as a mechanism for primarily confusion (see S-box); on the other hand transposition using P-box (rearranging or swapping the order of symbols) is a technique for diffusion, although other mechanisms are also used in modern practice, such as linear transformations (e.g. in AES). Product ciphers use alternating substitution and transposition phases (rounds) to achieve both confusion and diffusion respectively.

Related pages
 Substitution-permutation network

References
 Claude E. Shannon, "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems", Bell System Technical Journal, vol.28-4, page 656–715, 1949.

Category:Cryptography

Confusion and diffusion


Brandon railway station is a small station in Norfolk, England for Brandon in Suffolk. Trains are currently run by Greater Anglia.

Category:Railway stations in Suffolk

Brandon railway station


Roderick "Rody" Falesca Renee Trygvae Rijnders (1 March 1941 – 15 January 2018) was a Dutch coxswain. He was born in Batavia. He won the silver medal in the coxed pairs at the 1968 Summer Olympics, alongside Hadriaan van Nes and Herman Suselbeek, as well a European bronze in 1965.

Rijnders died on 15 January 2018 in The Hague at the age of 76.

References

Category:1941 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Dutch sportspeople
Category:Olympic silver medalists
Category:People from Jakarta
Category:Rowers

Roderick Rijnders


Howard William Morenz (June 21, 1902 – March 8, 1937) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played centre for three National Hockey League (NHL) teams: the Montreal Canadiens (in two stints), the Chicago Black Hawks, and the New York Rangers. Before joining the NHL, Morenz was a very good player in the junior Ontario Hockey Association, where his team played for the Memorial Cup, the championship for junior ice hockey in Canada. In the NHL, he was one of the best players in the league and set several league scoring records. A strong skater, Morenz was called the "Stratford Streak" and "Mitchell Meteor" because he was very fast.

Considered one of the first stars of the NHL, Morenz played 14 seasons in the league. He was a member of a team that won the Stanley Cup three times, all of them being the Canadiens. During his NHL career he was in the top 10 leading scorers ten times. For seven seasons in a row Morenz led the Canadiens in both goals scored and points. Three times in he was named the most valuable player of the league, and he led the league once in goals scored and twice in points scored. He was named to the NHL All-Star Team three times.

Morenz died from problems with a broken leg, an injury he suffered in a game. After his death, the Canadiens stopped using his jersey number, the first time the team had done so for any player. When the Hockey Hall of Fame opened in 1945, Morenz was one of the first 12 people to be added. In 1950, the Canadian Press named him the best ice hockey player of the first half of the 20th century.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

All statistics are taken from NHL.com.

Awards

NHL

Notes

Other websites

Category:1902 births
Category:1937 deaths
Category:Canadian ice hockey centres
Category:Chicago Blackhawks players
Category:Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Category:Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario
Category:Montreal Canadiens players
Category:New York Rangers players
Category:Stanley Cup champions

Howie Morenz


Haleyville is a city in Marion and Winston Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2000 census the population was 4,182.

References

Category:Cities in Alabama

Haleyville, Alabama


Eric Stoltz (born September 30, 1961) is an American actor, movie director and producer. He played Rocky Dennis in the 1985 movie Mask. He was later nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture.

Stoltz later acted in the movies Sleep with Me, Pulp Fiction, Killing Zoe, Little Women and Jerry Maguire.

Stoltz was born near Whittier, California.

References

Category:American television actors
Category:American movie actors
Category:Actors from California
Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Whittier, California

Eric Stoltz


John Charles Kenneth Gärdestad (9 May 1948 – 3 March 2018) was a Swedish lyricist. He was known for writing lyrics for the songs of his brother, Ted Gärdestad. He was head architect at Kunskapsskolan. He designed several of their schools in Sweden and abroad.

Gärdestad won Melodifestivalen 1979 as a songwriter for the song "Satellit" performed by his brother the singer. He was born in Sollentuna, Sweden.

Gärdestad died on 3 March 2018, in Stockholm of pneumonia caused by influenza while suffering from skin cancer and lymphoma at the age of 69.

References

Category:2018 deaths
Category:1948 births
Category:Deaths from pneumonia
Category:Deaths from influenza
Category:Deaths from skin cancer
Category:Deaths from lymphoma
Category:Swedish writers
Category:Songwriters
Category:Architects

Kenneth Gärdestad


Tamerlan Anzorovich Tsarnaev (Тамерла́н Анзо́рович Царна́ев ; October 21, 1986 – April 19, 2013) and his brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev planted bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013. The bombings killed three people and reportedly injured as many as 264 others.

Death
Shortly after the Federal Bureau of Investigation declared them suspects in the bombings and released images of them, the Tsarnaev brothers killed an MIT police officer, carjacked an SUV. They soon engaged in a shootout with the police in the Boston suburb of Watertown.

According to the police, during the shootout Tamerlan was captured, but died partly as a result of his brother driving over him. He was 26 years old.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Tsarnaev Family (Wall Street Journal)

Category:1986 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:American murderers
Category:American Muslims
Category:American terrorists
Category:Kyrgyzstani people
Category:Muslim terrorists
Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States
Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States

Tamerlan Tsarnaev


Presinge is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Category:Municipalities of Geneva

Presinge


The title of Duke of Nemours was originally given to a French family of minor nobility. It was originally a small lordship. It was later made a county in 1364. It is most famous for being held by a branch of the House of Savoy that eventually settled in France. Following the death of the last Savoyard duke (1659) the title went back to the crown of France. It was eventually passed on to the only brother of Louis XIV in 1672. It remained with his descendants. A son of King Louis Philippe of the French was given the title in 1850.

House of Savoy (1524-1672)

 Louise of Savoy (1524–1531), Duchess of Angoulême, Francis I of France's mother.
She received the duchy of Nemours in 1524 with the duchy of Anjou. It was later transferred to her half-brother in 1528. She received the duchy of Touraine in exchange. She also received later the Duchy of Auvergne.

 Philip of Savoy (1528–1533)
 Jacques of Savoy (1531–1585)
 Charles Emmanuel of Savoy (1567–1595) also the father of the Duchess of Savoy.
  Henri of Savoy (1572–1632)
  Louis of Savoy (1615–1641)
 Charles Amadeus of Savoy (1624–1652)
 Henri of Savoy (1625–1659)

Bibliography
 Levy-Saint-Nom, France. Notre-Dame de la Roche (abbaye augustinienne), Auguste Moutié, Honoré Théodoric Paul Joseph d'Albert duc de Luynes,  "Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Notre-Dame de la Roche" , Diocese of Paris, the original manuscripts, 1862

References

Category:Dukes and duchesses of France
Category:Dukes and Duchesses of Nemours

Duke of Nemours


Scelidosaurus was a genus of thyreophorans, a lightly plated, herbivorous dinosaur about 4 metres long. It lived during the Lower Jurassic, 208 to 194 million years ago. Its fossils have been found in both England and in Arizona, in the United States.

Scelidosaurus has been called the earliest complete dinosaur. This and related genera have been found on three continents.

It is one of the earliest and most basal of the armoured dinosaurs. A review by Serano placed Scelidosaurus as the sister group (closest relative) to both the Stegosauria and Ankylosauria.

A full-grown Scelidosaurus was rather small, compared to most other dinosaurs. Some scientists have estimated a length of 4 metres (13 ft). Scelidosaurus was quadrupedal, with the hindlimbs considerably longer than the forelimbs. It may have reared up on its hind legs to browse on foliage from trees, but its forefeet were as large as its hind feet, indicating a mostly quadrupedal posture.

Scelidosaurus and its Jurassic relatives were herbivorous. However, while other ornithischians had teeth capable of grinding plant material, Scelidosaurus had smaller, less complex teeth and a jaw capable of only simple up-and-down jaw movements. In this aspect, they resembled the stegosaurids, which also bore primitive teeth and simple jaws. Also like stegosaurs, they may have swallowed gastroliths to aid processing of food (because of the lack of chewing ability), in the same manner used by modern birds and crocodiles. Their diet would have consisted of leaved plants or fruits, as grasses did not evolve until after Scelidosaurus had become extinct.

References

Category:Thyreophora

Scelidosaurus


Martin Špegelj (11 November 1927 – 11 May 2014) was a Croatian politician. He was the second Defense Minister of Croatia and the chief of staff of the Croatian army and inspector-general of the army.

Špegelj died from unknown causes in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 87.

References

Category:1927 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Croatian politicians
Category:Civil servants

Martin Špegelj


Carina Görlin, born 17 February 1963 in Borlänge, Sweden, is a Swedish former cross country skier. She competed at international top level from 1991 to 1994. She participated during at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. She there had her best career finish of seventh in the 4 x 5 kilometers relay event. Her best individual finish was the 14th position during the 5 kilometers race.

Her best result during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was when she ended up 10th in the 15 kilometers event in Val di Fiemme in 1991.  Her best World Cup finish was two 12th places. They both occurred at 5 kilometers events in 1991.

In 1993, she won Tjejvasan.

References

Other websites
 FIS
 Women's 4 x 5 km cross-country relay Olympic results: 1976-2002

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:1992 Winter Olympics
Category:Swedish skiers

Carina Görlin


Versam is a former municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Versam,
Valendas,
Safien and Tenna merged into the new municipality of Safiental.

Other websites

 Official website

Category:Former municipalities of Graubünden
Category:2013 disestablishments in Switzerland

Versam


Cypress is a name used for many trees in the conifer family Cupressaceae (cypress family).

Cypress


The June 2012 derecho was a natural disaster in the United States that occurred on June 29, 2012. A line of thunderstorms formed in the Midwest in the afternoon and tracked across the Ohio Valley and the Mid-Atlantic states. 28 people were killed and thousands were left without power for days due to a heatwave in the area.

Category:Natural disasters in the United States
Category:2012 in the United States
Category:June events

June 29, 2012 derecho


Angerville can mean:

 Angerville, Calvados, in the Calvados département
 Angerville, Essonne, in the Essonne département
 Angerville-Bailleul, in the Seine-Maritime département
 Angerville-la-Campagne, in the Eure département
 Angerville-la-Martel, in the Seine-Maritime département
 Angerville-l'Orcher, in the Seine-Maritime département

Angerville


Mustafa Ahmed Ben Halim (; born 29 January 1921) is an Libyan politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Libya from 12 April 1954 to 25 May 1957.

Ben Halim is the last surviving of the Kingdom of Libya's premiers. He is the only one of them who survived the removal of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011.

He was also Foreign and Transport minister, and Libyan ambassador to France.

References

Other websites
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir - صفحات مطوية من تاريخ ليبيا السياسي" Rimal Publications, 2011 (Arabic Edition)
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir" Rimal Publications, 2013 (English Edition)

Category:1921 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ambassadors
Category:Government ministers
Category:People from Alexandria
Category:Prime Ministers of Libya

Mustafa Ben Halim


Shim Changmin (born 18 February 1988) is a Korean singer, songwriter, model and actor. He was the youngest member of the boy band TVXQ. He started with TVXQ in 2003.

Shim was born and grew up in Seoul, South Korea.

References

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Seoul
Category:South Korean singers
Category:Singer-songwriters

Changmin


Four Brothers is a 2005 American action crime drama movie directed by John Singleton. This movie is about November 2004, during which four adoptive brothers return to Detroit to discover what happened. Their adoptive mother was murdered. Mark Wahlberg plays Bobby. Tyrese Gibson plays Angel Mercer. Fionnula Flanagan plays Evelyn. Sofía Vergara plays Sofi.

The movie was released on August 12, 2005. Reviews were mixed.

References

Category:2005 crime movies
Category:2005 drama movies
Category:2000s crime drama movies
Category:American crime drama movies
Category:English-language movies
Category:Movies about families
Category:Movies about revenge
Category:Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Category:2000s action movies
Category:2000s action thriller movies
Category:2000s mystery movies
Category:American action movies
Category:American action thriller movies
Category:American crime movies
Category:American drama movies
Category:American movie remakes
Category:American mystery movies
Category:American thriller movies
Category:Movies about siblings
Category:Paramount movies
Category:Universal Pictures movies

Four Brothers


Barry Dennen (February 22, 1938 – September 26, 2017) was an American actor, singer, and screen and television writer.  He played Pontius Pilate on the original recording, and later in the movie, of Jesus Christ Superstar. He also had roles in The Shining (1980) and in Titanic (1997). He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Dennen was a closeted homosexual until his later years. He died in Burbank, California on September 26, 2017 from complications of a fall at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Category:1938 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American video game actors
Category:American television writers
Category:Gay men
Category:LGBT actors
Category:LGBT singers
Category:LGBT writers
Category:LGBT people from Chicago
Category:Actors from Chicago
Category:Singers from Chicago
Category:Screenwriters from Chicago

Barry Dennen


William Edgar (Bill) Oddie OBE (born 7 July 1941) is a British comedian, actor, writer and television personality.

Oddie was born in Rochdale, Lancashire and grew up in Birmingham. He read English Literature at Pembroke College, Cambridge where he gained an MA. He is most famous for his birdwatching and conservation work. In the 1970s, he was a member of the BBC One television comedy series, The Goodies. Doctors found that his mother, Lilian, had schizophrenia. Oddie says that he does not remember her living at home because she spent a lot of her life in mental hospitals.

Oddie has bipolar disorder.

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Birmingham
Category:Actors from Lancashire
Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Category:Comedians from Lancashire
Category:English movie actors
Category:English television actors
Category:English television presenters
Category:English television writers
Category:People with bipolar disorder
Category:People from Rochdale
Category:Television personalities from Lancashire
Category:Writers from Birmingham
Category:Writers from Lancashire

Bill Oddie


Mostaganem is a province of Algeria. The capital is Mostaganem.

Divisions
The province has 10 districts and 32 communes or municipalities.

Districts

 Achacha
 Aïn Nouïssy
 Aïn Tédelès
 Bouguirat
 Hassi Mamèche
 Kheïr Eddine
 Mesra
 Mostaganem
 Sidi Ali
 Sidi Lakhdar

References

Category:Provinces of Algeria

Mostaganem Province


The PPSh-41 (Pistolet-Pulemyot Shpagina; ; "Shpagin machine pistol") is a Soviet submachine gun. It was designed by Georgi Shpagin. The PPSh-41 was supposed to be a cheaper, simpler gun to use than the PPD-40. The PPD-40 was in Soviet service at that time. The PPSh-41 officially replaced the PPD-40 in 1941. The PPSh-41 was supposed to be used by conscripted soldiers with very little training. The PPSh-41 got its ammunition from a magazine. It was also a selective fire submachine gun. It was made mostly of stamped steel. It fired the 7.62×25mm pistol round. The PPSh-41 was used a lot during World War II and the Korean War, as it was the most produced SMG throughout the wars. It was still in use in Vietnam with the Viet Cong as late as 1970 as the Chinese Type 50 (a copy). There were even some PPSh-41's captured by US soldiers as late as the Iraq War.

History

World War II
The idea for the development of the PPSh-41 came partly from the Winter War against Finland. It was found in this war that submachine guns were good weapons for close-quarters combat. The PPSh-41 was developed in mid-1941. It was made in many factories in Moscow. Local Party members were made responsible for making sure enough PPSh-41s were made.

A few hundred weapons were made in November 1941. Another 155,000 were made over the next five months. By spring 1942, PPSh-41 factories were making around 3,000 weapons a day. The PPSh-41's design was good, as it allowed many weapons to be made in a short amount of time (mass production). Other examples of this kind of design were the M3 submachine gun, MP40 and the Sten. Its parts (except the barrel) could be made by unskilled workers. The PPSh-41 used 87 parts, and the PPD-40 used 95. The PPSh-41 could be made in 7.3 hours. However, the PPD-40 took 13.7 hours.  The making of the barrel was often made simpler by using barrels made for the M1891 Mosin–Nagant rifle. The rifle barrel was cut in half. From this one rifle barrel, two PPSh-41 barrels were made. The barrel was then altered for the 7.62mm Soviet submachine gun cartridge.

The PPSh-41 was popular in the German armies as well. Captured PPSh-41s were often used by the Germans against their enemies. It was so popular among German soldiers, in fact, that it was the second most used SMG among German forces in WWII.

After the German Army captured a lot of PPSh-41s during World War II, a program was started. In this program, the weapons would be altered to fire the German submachine gun bullet, the 9mm Parabellum. The Wehrmacht officially called these PPSh-41s the MP41(r). PPSh-41s which were not altered were called the MP717(r). They were given 7.63x25mm Mauser ammunition instead of the Soviet 7.62x25mm bullet.  The German military made German-language manuals to teach soldiers how to use the PPSh-41. These were printed and given out across the Wehrmacht.

The Soviet Union also tried the PPSh-41 in close air support. They put dozens of PPSh-41s on some of their planes.

Over 6 million PPSh-41s were made by the end of the war. After the Battle of Stalingrad, they became the most used small arms in the Red Army. The Soviets would often give whole regiments or even divisions the PPSh-41. This gave them excellent close-range power.

Korean War
After the war, a large number of PPSh-41s were given to Soviet client states. They were also handed out to communist guerillas. The North Korean People's Army (NKPA) and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) fighting in Korea got huge amounts of PPSh-41s. They were also given the North Korean Type 49 and the Chinese Type 50. These were copies of the PPSh-41s with small changes. The PPSh-41 was used a lot during the entire Korean War. Though it was not very accurate, the PPSh-41 did well in close-range battles because of its extremely high rate of fire and its high ammo capacity. These often happened in the Korean War, especially at night. United Nations forces often had trouble with returning enough bullets when they were attacked by communists with the PPSh-41. Some U.S. infantry officers said that the PPSh-41 was the best gun of the war. It was not as accurate as the U.S. M1 Garand or M1 carbine. However, it gave more power at close range.

Features

The PPSh-41 fired the 7.62x25mm (Tokarev) bullet. The 7.62x25mm was the main Soviet pistol and submachine gun bullet. The PPSh-41 weighed around 12 pounds (5.45 kg) with a full 71-round magazine. It weighed 9.5 pounds (4.32 kg) with a loaded 35-round magazine. The PPSh-41 could fire 900 rounds per minute. This was very high compared to other submachine guns of World War II. The PPSh-41 did not have a grip on it. Because of this, the soldier usually had to hold the PPSh-41 behind the drum magazine. The soldier could also hold the bottom of the drum. 35-round box magazines could have been used from 1942. However, Soviet soldiers in World War II usually kept the 71-round drum magazine.

The PPSh-41 drum magazine was a copy of the Finnish M31 Suomi magazine. It held 71 rounds. The drum magazine was slower and more difficult to load with ammunition than the box magazine. The box magazine began to be used more after 1942.  Even though it had less bullets in it, the box magazine made it easier to hold the weapon. It was possible that the PPSh-41 would fire bullets if it was dropped on a hard surface. This was because of its open bolt design.

Different kinds of PPSh-41
Because the Germans had captured so many PPSh-41s, a program was started. In this program, the weapons would be altered to fire the German submachine gun bullet. This bullet was called the 9mm Parabellum. The Wehrmacht officially called these PPSh-41s the MP41(r). PPSh-41s which were not altered were called the MP717(r). They were given 7.63x25mm Mauser ammunition instead of the Soviet 7.62x25mm bullet.  The German military made German-language manuals to teach soldiers how to use the PPSh-41. These were printed and given out across the Wehrmacht.

During World War II, an even simpler submachine gun was brought in to service. It was called the PPS-43. However, it did not replace the PPSh-41 during the war.

Other kinds
 Type 50: A Chinese version of the PPSh-41.
 Type 49: A North Korean version. Only drum magazines can be used with this model.
 M-49: The M49 Submachine gun was a Yugoslavian version. It used the PPSh-41's design. However, it has many important differences.
 PPS-50: A Canadian, semi-automatic version of the PPSh-41. The box magazine holds 30 rounds and the drum magazine holds 50 rounds.
 SKL-41: A German, semi-autmatic version. It went on sale in 2008. This version fires the 9mm Parabellum bullet.

Users

 : Captured and gave out PPSh-41s in the early 1940s.

 -Captured from Soviet Army during World War 2

 : Used captured and converted PPSh-41s.

 : Made licensed copies under the name  Type 49.
 : Made unlicensed copies under the name Type 50.

 : Captured from North Korean and Chinese Troops during Korean War
 : Used by the Red Army in 1942.

 : Usually the Vietcong used the K-50M license-built copy during the Vietnam War.

Related pages
 Submachine gun

References

Bibliography

Other websites

Category:Firearms

PPSh-41


Social work is work done for the welfare of the society. A social worker is a trained individual who represents the social well-being of society. According to the Australian Association of Social Workers, "The social work profession facilitates social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are embedded in social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledges, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance well being."

Social workers are employed in human services track, like hospitals, clinics, NPOs, or publicly (government) as a staff that gives adequate welfare and helps people who cannot help themselves including physically disabled people, person with other disabilities. Persons or professionals who engage in social work activities and social care services are not necessarily a qualified social worker, though within geographical differences they are accepted as companions of change.

Research and the practice of social work focuses on areas such as: addictions and mental health, assessment and diagnosis, human development, psycho-social and socio-legal issues related to child and family welfare, community and social development, counselling, diversity, marginalization and oppression, policy analysis and development, psychotherapy, public administration, social planning, social policy and social program evaluation. Social workers are organized into local, national, continental and international professional bodies. It is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates theoretical bases from anthropology, ecology, economics, education, law, medicine, philosophy, politics, psychology, sociology and science.

Practice in Health Care
In the early twentieth century, social work established itself as a vocation committed to major social reform, social change and the eradication of poverty. Over time, it shifted from a religious and charitable practice to a more systematic, professional one. Along with this, social service shifted from a privately funded and volunteer activity to a publicly funded, paid occupation.

A Social Worker in health care is known as a Medical Social Worker. The Medical Social Worker (Med.SW) is part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team, providing interventions to support patients and their families, groups during recovery from and/or adjustment to illnesses. The role of a hospital social worker is to "restore balance in an individual’s personal, family and social life, in order to help that person maintain or recover his/her health and strengthen his/her ability to adapt and reintegrate into society" (Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux du Québec, OPTSQ, 1999). A Medical Social Worker provides Psychosocial support, Case Management, Psycho-education, Counseling and referrals for other services or linking people to resources. They also perform health care administrative and service roles such as Program planning, day-to-day operations, service monitoring & media liaison, budgeting & policy development, programs management for health promotion and disease prevention and advocate to overcome or make availability & accessibility of certain healthcare services. A medical social worker in healthcare management works toward systems transformation through coalitions with various departments and in hospital operations.

At every stage in life, health is determined by complex interactions between social and economic factors, the physical environment and behavior; they do not exist in isolation from each other. The wider the income gap within a society the higher its mortality and morbidity rates. It is studied that half of all healthcare outcomes are linked to the social determinants. Hence, an actions taken by a social worker to reduce health inequalities will also have economic benefits.

Functions of a Medical social worker
Following are the functions of a Medical social worker.

 Psychosocial assessment — assessing strength and resilience of the patient, family, and social support systems to help the individual function within the community.
 Family education and crisis intervention — educating the family on the physical and psychosocial needs of its members and ways they can access internal and external resources, as well as guiding through a sudden nervous breakdown and mediating familial conflicts.
 Counselling for individuals, couples and families — for situations in which patients suffer from poor mental health states (e.g. depression, anxiety), and coping and adjustment difficulties. (e.g. due to loss of limb through amputation, loss of hearing, caring for family members suffering from dementia or grief and bereavement issues)
 Risk assessment — assessing risk of self-harm (e.g. suicide) and to others (e.g. family violence, elder abuse, child abuse).
 Financial assessment and fund management — identifying and referring cases for financial assistance.
 Care Coordination & Discharge Planning —  ensure efficient unit operation by working professionally together with medical, nursing and other allied health staff, patients and their families to produce high quality work and to develop, implement the post discharge care plan.
 Information & Referral Services — linking patients and caregivers to community resources and healthcare system.

Multidimensional roles and required skills
Medical Social Workers help the patient's and their families to manage life crises due to acute or chronic medical conditions, and focus on improving their mental and physical well-being which is done by counseling, needs assessment and psychosocial assessments, which involves a thinking process that seeks out the meaning of case situations, puts the particulars of the case in some order and leads to appropriate interventions. Hospital services/Health care management as an executive to care-coordinator or administrator is a critical role for a medical social worker, administrative responsibilities entail to ensure efficient and effective unit operation; contributing to staff development by promoting and ensuring a supportive/collaborative learning environment based on the principles of adult learning and practice standards for nurses, students and ancillary staff; performing human resources responsibilities in collaboration with the other line managers; attending administration level meetings for program launch and evaluation, budgetary decisions, augmenting CSR activities ...etc.; liaising with members of the multidisciplinary team to ensure high standards of quality and optimal management of patient care outcomes (including data collection/reporting); staff stress management due to the competing needs in patient care and ongoing continuous improvement practices to strengthen clinic processes. Psychosocial interventions with Non-clinical hospital operations (Administrative support, Case Coordination, Health Information Management, Employee Health, Safety and Security, Supply Chain Management, Human Resources ...etc.) is a key distinction of a Medical social worker.

Patient counseling is an important part of the Medical Social Worker’s role. Medical Social Workers lead support group discussions, provide individual counseling, help patients determine appropriate health care and other health services, and provide support to patients with serious or chronic illnesses. Medical Social Workers also work in health and safety aspects of a hospital setting, there contributions lead to reduced Hospital-acquired infection (HAI). The social worker attempts to makes changes in poor workplace conditions (e.g., overworked staff, time pressures, lack of safety protocols or lack of appropriate supervision), as well as poor individual conditions (e.g., fatigue, stress or illness) to reduce medical errors. A study conducted by Dawson & Reid in 1997 found that health care professionals that are being awake 24 hours was equivalent to having a blood alcohol level of .10. (legally intoxicated by most standards) A self-assessment that qualifies fitness of  health care professional to attend patient care was developed thereafter; It is IM SAFE (It basically asks questions to self whether the professional is suffering any Illness, Taking Medications, Stress Management, Using Alcohol, Fatigue, Eating timely). Another prime objective of a Medical Social Worker is assisting patients along with staff members to cope with psychosocial problems associated with ill health and thus promote the overall wellness of theirs.

In the hospital setting, Medical Social Workers play an important role in coordinating patient discharge planning and after-care services following the physician's notification that the patient is ready for discharge. There are a number of factors that influence the timing of discharge; in private, community hospitals, it can be costly to allow patients to remain inpatient when it is no longer medically necessary.  Discharge delays can prove costly to the hospital and to the patient depending on the patient's funding source. Social workers also assist patients and families, access in-home health care services, arrange for in-home medical equipment, provide for transportation, coordinate follow-up treatments, and refer patients to a wide variety of community social service agencies. Medical Social Workers are often also responsible for helping patients access financial assistance and health insurance coverage. In some settings, Medical Social Workers work closely with public and private health insurers to determine the patient’s benefits and advocate for the patient.

Another skill required of medical social workers is the ability to work cooperatively with other members of the multidisciplinary treatment team who are directly involved in the patient's care. It is also the responsibility of the Medical Social Worker to manage any dispute in the multidisciplinary team. Medical social workers also need to have good analytical and excellent assessment skills, an ability to communicate the medical language (physiology of the disease and the types of treatment offered) with both patients and the family is necessary, and an ability to quickly and effectively establish a therapeutic relationship with patients. But of paramount importance, medical social workers must be willing to act as advocates for the patients, especially in situations where the medical social worker has identified problems that may compromise the well-being of patient or in any distress in the discharge process that might put the patient at risk. An understanding between "advocacy and collaboration" & "loyalty to the patient and the institution" is important for a hospital social worker.

For example, a medical provider may report that a frail elderly patient, who lives alone, is medically stable for discharge and plans to discharge the patient home with in-home services.  After assessing the patient's psychosocial needs, the medical social worker determines that the patient does not have the ability to manage at home safely even with the intervention of a home care worker.  The medical social worker informs the medical provider that the proposed discharge plan may place the patient at risk and the discharge plan is deferred pending further assessment.  The medical social worker can then collaborate with multidisciplinary providers to develop a more appropriate discharge plan even if that leads to discharge delays.

Medical social workers value the ethical concept of patient autonomy and self-determination although this value can conflict with the values and ethics of other disciplines in a medical setting. Medical social workers strive to preserve the patient's right to make his or her own decisions about goals of care, treatment planning, discharge, etc. as long as the patient is capable of making those decisions him/herself. Patients often make decisions that medical professionals disagree with but the medical social worker advocates for the patient's right to self-determination.  If the patient is not able to make his/her own decisions based on a cognitive or other impairment, the right of self-determination can be superseded by concern that a patient is a risk to self or others.

Challenges
As medical social workers often have large case-loads and have to meet tight deadlines for arranging necessary services, medical social work is a demanding job that is vulnerable to detrimental impact. Often this job requires tolerance due to its lackluster reality of unsupportive and hostile environment and cross-departmental nature with Nursing and Public Relations which diminishes the visibility (authority gradient) of the profession within an institution. The inadequate salary and restrained professional growth is also a major concern for Medical Social Workers. Medical social workers often deal with complex cases involving patients who come into the hospital with multiple psycho-social issues, all of which require assessment and treatment. It is not uncommon for medical social workers to tackle cases involving homelessness, chronic unemployment, lack of income, lack of health insurance coverage, history of incarceration, and substance abuse problems. Any of these problems, separately and together, can impede timely care services. Sometimes situations as seemingly ordinary as the patient needing bus fare or a decent pair of shoes can lead to delays in discharge, which could incur social and healthcare costs especially if these needs are not identified quickly and early. A poor or non existent relationship between assessment and interventions due to lack of structured communication (SBAR:Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation), policies, economic restraints could also cause this. This is why a complete and timely assessment of the patient's psychosocial needs are critical for empowering and recovery, by a medical social worker with a repertoire of management, assessment and treatment skills who is adept in functioning within the hospital's continuum atmosphere of change and shifting priorities is required.

Related pages
Foster care
Group home
Disability
Harry Hopkins

References

Category:Sociology
Category:Psychology

Social work


Monroe is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the parish seat of Ouachita Parish. In 2010, 48,815 people lived there.

Transportation
  - I-20

Image

References

Category:Parish seats in Louisiana
Category:Cities in Louisiana

Monroe, Louisiana


London Nicole Breed (born August 11, 1974) is an American politician. She is the 45th and current Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco.  She formerly was supervisor for District 5, and was president of the Board of Supervisors from 2015 to 2018.

Background:

Breed was raised in San Francisco by her grandmother, Comelia Brown. Along with her grandmother, she lived with her siblings in public housing. In an interview, London talks about remembering being a little girl in her unsafe community. She clearly remembers seeing glass all over the street floors and graffiti on all of the walls. London was a very smart young girl, she loved school and all of her teachers knew she had a bright future ahead of her. In her teen years, Breed attended Galileo High School and soon after, the University of California.

London's later journey:

Before the unfortunate passing of the former mayor Ed Lee, London Breed was destined to become the mayor of San Fransisco. Although London is a very successful woman today, people weren’t very happy that a woman of color was replacing a white male, but soon, private donations were given at her campaign offices. When it was time to choose a new mayor, Breed cam across a challenger, Mark Leno. Towards the end of the election, Breed was in the lead and she started thinking about all of the great things she could do to help San Francisco. In an interview with San Francisco Chronicles, she reimagined what San Francisco could look like with amazing streets and communities. Breed was not only a great mayor, but she is also a leader who empathizes with san Francisco residents as she too lived with the affordability struggle. London is currently working on making housing affordable and making San Francisco a safe place for everyone.

Breed became acting Mayor following the death of Mayor Ed Lee. She served in this role from December 12, 2017 to January 23, 2018. She won the special election a few months later making Breed the first black woman and second woman to be elected mayor of San Francisco.  She was sworn in as mayor on July 11, 2018.

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Mayors of San Francisco
Category:US Democratic Party politicians

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from California
Category:Women politicians

London Breed


The London Borough of Havering is a east London borough. Romford is the major centre. Havering is connected to central London by the District Line, which terminates at Upminster.

Category:London Borough of Havering

London Borough of Havering


Fort Coffee is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Category:Towns in Oklahoma

Fort Coffee, Oklahoma


Emma Nadine Stevens (born May 4, 1986) is an English singer-songwriter.

Early life
Stevens was born in Guildford. She grew up in Shalford.

Other websites
Official website

Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:British folk musicians
Category:English pop musicians
Category:English singer-songwriters
Category:Musicians from Surrey

Emma Stevens


A subsidiary is a company that is controlled by its parent company. Even though a subsidiary works on its own, and its purposes are different from that of its parent company, the parent company is in control of its subsidiary.

A company's subsidiary is different from a company's division because a division works together with its parent company. A division's goal is usually similar to that of its parent company, and the division has to use its parent company's name. A subsidiary can use a name different from that of its parent company.

For example, YouTube is a subsidiary of Google, because Google is a search engine, while YouTube is a video sharing website. Google Videos is a division of Google, because Google Videos is a search engine that searches videos on the Internet. This is to match its parent company Google as a search engine. Also, YouTube has an entirely different name and logo from Google's, while Google Videos, as a division, must use Google's name and logo.

Category:Business

Subsidiary


In mathematics, the universe of discourse or domain of discourse is a set of all elements to which a function applies. A variable can take any of the values in its universe of discourse.

The term is also used informally.
"In every discourse, whether of the mind conversing with its own thoughts, or of the individual in his intercourse with others, there is an assumed or expressed limit within which the subjects of its operation are confined. The most unfettered discourse is that in which the words we use are understood in the widest possible application, and for them the limits of discourse are co-extensive with those of the universe itself. But more usually we confine ourselves to a less spacious field. Sometimes, in discoursing of men we imply (without expressing the limitation) that it is of men only under certain circumstances and conditions that we speak, as of civilized men, or of men in the vigour of life, or of men under some other condition or relation. Now, whatever may be the extent of the field within which all the objects of our discourse are found, that field may properly be termed the universe of discourse. Furthermore, this universe of discourse is in the strictest sense the ultimate subject of the discourse".

References

Category:Mathematics
Category:Communication

Universe of discourse


A sound level meter (or sound meter) is a device used to measure sound pressure levels. It is often used to study and measure different kinds of noise, especially industrial and transport noise. The display indicates sound level in decibel units.

category:Sound
category:Measuring tools

Sound level meter


Constance Wu (born March 22, 1982) is an American actress. She stars as Jessica Huang in the ABC television comedy Fresh Off the Boat (2015–present).

She is also known for her movie roles in Crazy Rich Asians (2018), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical, and Hustlers (2019).

References

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Richmond, Virginia
Category:American movie actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors

Constance Wu


Shakin' Stevens, sometimes called "Shaky" (born Michael Barratt, 4 March 1948) is a platinum selling Welsh rock and roll singer and songwriter. He was the UK's biggest-selling singles artist of the 1980s. His recording and performing career began in the late 1960s, but he was not very successful in the UK until 1980. In the UK alone, Stevens has had at least 33 top 40 hit singles in the sales charts.

References

Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from Cardiff
Category:Welsh rock musicians
Category:Welsh singer-songwriters

Shakin' Stevens


Takashi Kitano (born 4 October 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Omiya Ardija.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003||rowspan="7"|Albirex Niigata||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||24||0||2||0||4||0||30||0
|-
|2007||34||0||1||0||6||0||41||0
|-
|2008||32||0||2||0||4||0||38||0
|-
|2009||34||0||4||0||4||0||42||0
|-
|2010||Omiya Ardija||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
124||0||9||0||18||0||151||0
124||0||9||0||18||0||151||0
|}

References

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Hokkaidō Prefecture

Takashi Kitano


The Bartonellaceae are a family of Rhizobiales that contains the single genus Bartonella. It has eight species of bacteria which are pathogenic to humans.

References

Category:bacteria

Bartonellaceae


Sir Edward Downes, (born Birmingham, England, 17 June 1924; died Switzerland, 10 July 2009) was an English conductor.  He was famous for conducting opera, but also conducted orchestral concerts.  He worked a lot with the orchestra of the Royal Opera House as well as Opera Australia.

When he was old he was almost totally blind and deaf and his wife was dying of cancer, so they both decided that they wanted to die together.  They went to Switzerland where they were allowed to commit assisted suicide.

Early years
Downes was born in Birmingham, England.  His father worked in a bank.  He left school when he was 14 and got a simple job in a gas store where he earned 16s 10d (16 shillings and 10 pence, which is 84p in modern British money) a week.

He had been playing the piano and violin since he was five.  When he was 16 he got a  scholarship to the University of Birmingham where he studied English literature and music, and began playing the cor anglais. He then got a scholarship to study conducting at the  University of Aberdeen.

Marriage
In the 1960s, he married Joan, a dancer with the Royal Ballet. She later became a choreographer and television producer. They had two children: a son, Caractacus (born December 1967), who became a musician and recording engineer, and a daughter, Boudicca, who became a video producer.

Conducting career
In 1952 he started his work in the  Royal Opera House, Covent Garden where he was assistant to Rafael Kubelík. He worked for the ROH for 17 years, becoming Associate Music Director in 1991.

From 1970 he was Music Director of  Australian Opera.  He conducted the first performance in the new Sydney Opera House in 1973 conducting Prokofiev’s opera War and Peace.  He was Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Orchestra and the BBC Philharmonic.

Downes was remembered in particular for conducting music by British composers.  He was also especially fond of the operas by Verdi as well as the symphonies of Shostakovich.  People often thought he looked like Shostakovich, especially when he wore his glasses.

He received the honour of CBE.

In his last years he could hardly see and so he could only conduct music that he knew from memory.

Death
When he was 85 he had become almost totally blind and deaf. His wife was dying of cancer and was in a lot of pain. They both wanted to die together, but in Britain it is against the law to help someone to die, so they decided to go to the Dignitas clinic in Switzerland. There, surrounded by members of their family, they drank a fatal dose of barbiturates and died on 10 July 2009.

Some people who support the idea of assisted suicide are hoping that this case may lead to more discussion which could bring about a change in the law in Britain and other countries.

References

Category:1924 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:British conductors
Category:Deaths by euthanasia
Category:Drug-related suicides
Category:Musicians from Birmingham
Category:Musicians who committed suicide

Edward Downes


Senna candolleana or Golden Senna associates with Lithrea and Porlieria chilensis in Central Chile Matorral or forms pure stands.,.
Traditionally Senna, a genus including 250 species, was classified as Cassia. Near 200 species appear in South America, fourteen of them in Chile .

Uses
This evergreen shrub, 5 to 6 feet tall (1.5-1.8 m), 6 feet wide (1.8 m); dark green leaves is suitable as ornamental.

Other websites
http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/taxa/12954.shtml

References

Category:Fabaceae

Senna (herb)


A cushion is a soft bag of material, filled with wool, hair, feathers, or even paper in small pieces . It may be used for sitting on to make a chair or couch more comfortable. Cushions can be used for body support. Cushions and rugs can be used outside, to make hard ground softer. Cushions are often for a decorative purpose and can create more character and appeal to a room. Cushions can come in many different shapes and sizes. However, the most common shape of a cushion is a square or rectangle, like a pillow.

References

Category:Basic English 850 words
Category:Furniture
Category:Home

Cushion


Patti Ann LuPone (born in Northport, New York, April 21, 1949) is an American performer. She has several Tony Awards. She won her first playing Eva Perón in the 1979 musical Evita. She also acted in many television programs and movies. These include The 24 Hour Woman and Witness.

References

Other websites

Category:Actors from New York
Category:American stage actors
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:American television actors
Category:American movie actors
Category:Tony Award winning actors

Patti LuPone


Murrells Inlet is an unincorporated area and census-designated place between Horry and Georgetown Counties in South Carolina, United States. The population was 7,547 at the 2010 census.

It is most known for the Murrells Inlet Marshwalk, a  boardwalk overlooking a salt marsh and which houses many restaurants.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in the United States
Category:Census-designated places
Category:Settlements in South Carolina

Murrells Inlet, South Carolina


Big Bag is a muppet and segment comedy television show from Jim Henson and Children's Television Workshop. It aired on the Cartoon Network between 1996-1998. Season 1 was released in 1996-1997 and season 2 was released in 1997-1998.

Category:Muppets
Category:Children's television series

Big Bag


The Middle Jurassic is the second geological epoch in the Jurassic. It began 174.1 million years ago, and ended at 163.5 million years ago.

In the Middle Jurassic, Pangaea began to split apart. It began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities closed the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone on the coast of western North America continues to create the ancestral Rocky Mountains.

Life of the epoch

Marine life
During this time, marine life (including ammonites and bivalves) flourished. Ichthyosaurs, although common, are reduced in diversity. A type of crocodilians first appeared.

Plesiosaurs became common at this time. The top marine predators, the pliosaurs, grew to the size of killer whales and larger e.g. Pliosaurus, Liopleurodon.

Terrestrial life
New types of dinosaurs evolved on land. Cetiosaurus was an early sauropod found in England in the mid-19th century.

The environment in which Cetiosaurus lived was floodplain and open woodland. Brachiosaurs and Megalosaurus also lived in this environment.

The cynodont therapsids flourished with the dinosaurs, but they were only shrew-sized. None grew larger than a badger. One group of cynodonts, the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch. The Tritylodonts were still common, though. In this epoch "true" mammals evolved from a group of cynodonts.

Flora
Conifers were dominant in the Middle Jurassic. Other plants, such as ginkgoes, cycads, and ferns were also common. These are the trees which the large herbivores ate.

Related pages
Jurassic
Lower Jurassic
Upper Jurassic

References

Category:Jurassic
Category:Fossils

Middle Jurassic


Sterling Burton Marlin (born June 30, 1957) is an American former stock car racing driver. He formerly competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. He won the Daytona 500 in 1994 and 1995. He is the son of late NASCAR driver Coo Coo Marlin.

In October 2012, Marlin was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

References

Other websites
Sterling Marlin at The Crittenden Automotive Library

Category:Living people
Category:1957 births
Category:Sportspeople from Tennessee
Category:NASCAR drivers

Sterling Marlin


Blue Seduction is a 2009 Canadian thriller movie. It was directed by Timothy Bond and written by Jacqueline Giroux.

Plot
A middle aged lyricist get caught in a seduction game. This is by an attractive young female singer who wants her "fifteen minutes of fame".

Cast
 Billy Zane as Mikey Taylor
 Estella Warren as Matty
 Jane Wheeler as Joyce
 Bernard Robichaud as Stanley

References

Another websites

Category:2009 movies
Category:2000s thriller movies
Category:Canadian movies
Category:Canadian thriller movies
Category:Television movies

Blue Seduction


San Antonio is a Chilean commune and city; it is the capital and main city of the San Antonio province, in the Valparaíso region. It is one of the most important seaport of Chile.

The city is named after Saint Anthony ().

Geography

The city of San Antonio is just to north of the mouth of the Maipo, on small hills and dunes near the coast of central Chile, at and altitude of  above sea level.

The commune has an area of . It is at about  south of  Valparaíso, the capital of the region.

San Antonio is bordered on the north and northeast by the commune of San Esteban; on the east, by the commune of Melipilla and the Maipo river; on the south, by the same river and by the communes of Santo Domingo and San Pedro; and on the west, by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 87,205 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of San Antonio has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 83,435 inhabitants.

San Antonio and several cities around it form a greater space, the Greater (or Conurbation) San Antonio.

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Territorial division of Chile
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso Official website
 Municipalidad de San Antonio website

Category:Cities in Chile

San Antonio, Chile


Louisville is a city in Jefferson County, Georgia, United States. It is a former state capital of Georgia and is the county seat of Jefferson County. Its population was 2,493 at the 2010 census.

References

Category:County seats in Georgia
Category:Cities in Georgia (US)

Louisville, Georgia


The 20th century BC is a century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC.

Events

 2000 BC: Arrival of the ancestors of the Latins in Italy.
 2000 BC: Town of Mantua was presumably founded.
 2000 BC: Stonehenge is believed to have been completed.
 2000 BC: Farmers and herders traveled south from Ethiopia and settle in Kenya.
 2000 BC: Horses were tamed and used for transport.
 c. 2000 BC: First of the Minoan palaces on Crete.
 c. 2000 BC: Site of palace complex Knossos started to become occupied.
 c. 2000 BC: Decline of Harappan civilization began.
 c. 2000 BC: Bronze Age began in north Ancient China.
 c. 2000 BC – Torso, from Harappa, Indus Valley Civilization, was made. It is now kept at National Museum, New Delhi.
 c. 2000 BC-1900 BC – Torso of a "priest-king", from Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley civilization, was made. It is now kept at National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi.
 2000 BC: possible date when, according to religious scriptures, Abraham founded Judaism.
 2040 BC – 1556 BC: Xia Dynasty in China, Olmec civilization (Mesoamerica).
 2064 BC – 1986 BC: Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt.
 c. 2000 BC: Middle Jōmon period ended in Japan.
 c. 2000 BC: Vessel, from Asahi Mound, Toyama Prefecture, was made. Jōmon period. It is now kept at Collection of Tokyo University.
 c. 2000 BC: Dogū, from Kurokoma, Yamanashi Prefecture, was made. Jōmon period. It is now kept at Tokyo National Museum.
 1991 BC: Egypt: Pharaoh Mentuhotep IV died. End of Eleventh Dynasty. Pharaoh Amenemhat I started to rule. Start of Twelfth Dynasty.
 c. 1985 BC: Political authority became less centralized in Ancient Egypt.
c. 1985 BC – 1795 BC: Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan were made. Twelfth Dynasty.
5c. 1985 BC – 1795 BC: "Hippopotamus", from the tomb of Senbi (governor) (Tomb B.3) at Meir was made. Twelfth Dynasty. It is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
February 27, 1953 BC: A very close alignment of the naked-eye planets took place in which these planets are together in a span of 4.3 degrees.
c. 1942 BC: The so-called king of Leubingen (today part of Sömmerda) was buried in a large barrow within a  stone cairn inside a ring ditch.
1932 BC: Amorite conquest of Ur.
c. 1928 BC – 1895 BC: "Harvest scene", tempera facsimile by Nina de Garis Davies of wall painting in the tomb of Khnumhotep, Beni Hasan. Twelfth Dynasty.
1913 BC – 1903 BC: Egyptian-Nubian war.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions
 2000 BC—First written accounts of schizophrenia.
 c. 2000 BC – Glass appears.
 1950 BC—The copper bar cubit of Nippur defines the Sumerian cubit as 51.72 cm.

In fiction
~1600 BC: Setting for Valley of the Kings (Cecilia Holland)
2000 BC: See Stonehenge (novel)

-0

20th century BC


Oneirology (; from Greek ὄνειρον, oneiron, "dream"; and -λογία, -logia, "the study of") is the scientific study of dreams.

Current research seeks connections between dreaming and current knowledge about how the brain works, as well as understanding of how the brain works during dreaming as pertains to memory formation and mental disorders. The study of oneirology can mean from dream interpretation in that the aim is to quantitatively study the process of dreams instead of analyzing the meaning behind them.

Related pages
 Rapid eye movement

More readings
 Aserinsky, E. and N. Kleitman. 1953. "Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility and Concomitant Phenomena during Sleep." Science 118: 273-274.
 Dement, W.C. and N. Kleitman. 1957. "The Relation of Eye Movements during Sleep to Dream Activity: An Objective Method for the Study of Dreaming." Journal of Experimental Psychology 53: 339-346.
 Domhoff, G. William. 2003. The Scientific Study of Dreams. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
 Gackenbach, Jayne and Stephen LaBerge, Eds. 1988. Conscious Mind, Sleeping Brain. New York: Plenum Press.
 Hadfield, J. A. 1969. Dreams and Nightmares. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
 Hobson, J. Allan. The Dreaming Brain. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers.

Category:Sleep
Category:Psychology

Oneirology


Lambayeque is a region in Peru. The capital is the city of Chiclayo.

Category:Regions of Peru

Lambayeque Region


Bull Durham is an 1988 American romantic comedy baseball movie set in Durham, North Carolina. It was produced by Thom Mount and Mark Burg and was directed by Ron Shelton. Bull Durham was released on June 15, 1988 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 73 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast
 Kevin Costner as "Crash" Davis
 Susan Sarandon as Annie Savoy
 Tim Robbins as Ebby Calvin "Nuke" LaLoosh
 Trey Wilson as Joe Riggins
 Robert Wuhl as Larry Hockett
 William O'Leary as Jimmy
 David Neidorf as Bobby
 Samuel Veraldi as a second baseman
 Stephen Ware as a umpire

Other websites
Bull Durham's official website

Category:1988 movies
Category:1988 comedy movies
Category:1988 romance movies
Category:1980s romantic comedy movies
Category:1980s sports movies
Category:American romantic comedy movies
Category:American sports movies
Category:English-language movies
Category:Movies set in North Carolina
Category:Sports comedy movies

Bull Durham


A van is a type of vehicle. A van can carry either goods or people. A van is usually bigger than the regular sized car. Panel vans (= vans whose cargo space has no side windows) are used for deliveries and carrying goods. These usually have large cargo space and few windows. A van which is used to carry people is often called a minibus. It can usually carry many people, sometimes up to a total of 15.

Many companies make vans, including: Chevrolet, Daihatsu, Dodge, Fiat, Ford, GMC, Honda, Hyundai, Isuzu, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, Vauxhall, and Volkswagen.

A minivan is smaller and usually carries up to seven people.

You may usually drive a van with the same driver's license as an ordinary car, but the heaviest and largest vans may require a truck licence.

The demand for minivans is dwindling due to the introduction of crossovers. However, some companies still make minivans. The most popular minivans are the Toyota Sienna and Honda Odyssey.

Related pages

 Ambulance
 Pickup truck
 Truck

Van


Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed or Horsetail Milkweed) is a particular kind of milkweed used as a medicinal plant. It is native to North America. It blooms in the summer. The flowers are white or pale green. It is found in fields, open woodlands, and prairies. Whorled Milkweed likes dry soil and sunny or partly shaded places. It grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).

References

v

Asclepias verticillata


Micheál Martin (; born 1 August 1960) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He is the Leader of the Opposition in since March 2011 and Leader of Fianna Fáil since February 2011.

Martin has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-Central constituency since 1989. He was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment from 2004 to 2008, Minister for Health and Children from 2000 to 2004, Minister for Education and Science from 1997 to 2000 and Lord Mayor of Cork from 1992 to 1993.

References

Other websites

Micheál Martin's page on the Fianna Fáil website
Profile of Martin's tenure as Minister for Health

Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:Fianna Fáil politicians

Micheál Martin


A space station is a manned artificial satellite designed to stay in low Earth orbit for a long time. In general, space stations can dock with other spacecraft. This allows transferring cargo and people. Today, the International Space Station is the only manned space station in orbit. Salyut, Skylab, Mir and Tiangong were the previous space stations.

Space stations are used to study the effects of long-term space flight on the human body. They also serve as a platform for extended scientific studies. All space stations have been designed with the intention of rotating multiple crews, with each crew member staying aboard the station for weeks or months, but rarely more than a year. As of today, Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov, Sergei Avdeyev and Valeriy Polyakov have completed single missions of over a year, all aboard Mir.

References

Category:Space stations

Space station


Lourdes () is a town and commune in the southwest of the Hautes-Pyrénées department. It is in the first Pyrenean foothills in the Occitanie region, in southwestern France.

Lourdes was originally a small unremarkable market town lying in the foothills of the Pyrenees. At that time the most prominent feature was the fortified castle which rises up from the centre of the town on a rock. Following the claims that there were apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes to Bernadette Soubirous in 1858, Lourdes has developed into a major place of Christian pilgrimage.

Today Lourdes has a population of around 15,000 inhabitants but is able to take in some 5,000,000 pilgrims and tourists every season. Lourdes has the second greatest number of hotels in France after Paris with about 270 establishments.

It is the joint seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes.

Geography
Lourdes is overlooked from the south by the Pyrenean peaks of Aneto, Montaigu, and Vignemale (3,298m), while around the town there are three summits reaching up to 1,000 m, which are known as the Béout, the Petit Jer and the Grand Jer.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Population
The inhabitants of Lourdes are known, in French, as Lourdais (women: Lourdaises).

Lourdes has a population, in 2014, of 14,361, and its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Images

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost
 Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

References

Other websites

 La Ville de Lourdes website
 Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
 Lourdes tourism website

Category:Communes in Hautes-Pyrénées
Category:Marian shrines

Lourdes


Ghost Rider is a 2007 American supernatural superhero horror fantasy action movie that was produced by Avi Arad, Stan Lee, David S. Goyer, Michael DeLuca and Gary Foster and was directed by Mark Steven Johnson. Ghost Rider was released on February 16, 2007 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic gave the movie a 35 out of 100.

Cast
 Matt Long as Young Johnny Blaze
 Raquel Alessi (born March 1983) (who was a Kidsongs girl with blonde hair (who replaced Divita Wright with blonde hair Kidsongs who was departed from there in 1987) in 1989-1990 to be departed from Kidsongs in 1990 and replaced by Ashley Nation with blonde hair on Kidsongs in 1992) as Young Roxanne Simpson
 Brett Cullen as Barton Blaze
 Peter Fonda as Mephistopheles
 Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider
 Donal Logue as Mack
 Matt Norman as Team Blaze
 Wes Bentley as Blackheart
 Jessica Napier as Broken Spoke Waitress
 Eva Mendes as Roxanne Simpson
 Ryan Johnson as Waiter
 Rebel Wilson as Girl in Alley
 Sam Elliott as Caretaker
 David Roberts as Captain Dolan
 Brett Swain as Guard
 Duncan Young as Skinhead
 Joel Tobeck as Redneck
 Richard Cox as Helicoper Pilot
 Ling-Hsueh Tang as News Reporter

Other websites
Ghost Rider's Official website

Category:2007 movies
Category:2000s horror movies
Category:2000s superhero movies
Category:Supernatural horror movies
Category:American action movies
Category:American fantasy movies
Category:American ghost movies
Category:Australian movies
Category:English-language movies
Category:Multilingual movies
Category:Columbia Pictures movies

Ghost Rider (movie)


Berthez is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.

Category:Communes in Gironde

Berthez


Arma Angelus was a metalcore band from Chicago. The band started in 1998 and broke up in 2002. The members of the band were Peter Wentz (singer, now plays bass guitar in Fall Out Boy), Tim McIlrath (played bass guitar, now lead singer of Rise Against), Jay Jancetic (played guitar, now plays guitar for the Chicago band Holy Roman Empire), Daniel Binaei (played guitar), Adam Bishop (played guitar, now an English teacher at Liberty High School in Bakersfield, California), and Timothy Miller (played the drums).

After Tim quit to start a new band called Rise Against, he was replaced in 1999 by Christopher Gutierrez. Gutierrez is now a touring author and spoken word artist.  He was replaced as the bass guitar player for one tour by Joseph Trohman (now plays guitar in the band Fall Out Boy). Trohman was not a good fit for the band in terms of knowing about the music style and in terms of stage presence.  He was replaced mid-tour when the band flew Chris Gutierrez out to New York for the final half of their tour, including a stop at CBGB's.

In the last Arma Angelus concert, Patrick Stump played drums, Pete Wentz sang, Joe Trohman played guitar along with Adam Bishop, and Christopher Gutierrez on bass.

Albums
 Things We Don't Like We Destroy (Compilation) (2002), Let It Burn Records
 Where Sleeplessness Is Rest From Nightmares (2001), Eulogy Records
 The Grave End of the Shovel EP (2000), Let It Burn Records
 The Personal is Political (2000), Demo

Other websites
 Let It Burn Records
 MySpace Page

References

Category:1998 establishments in the United States
Category:2002 disestablishments in the United States
Category:1990s American music groups
Category:1990s establishments in Illinois
Category:2000s American music groups
Category:Post-hardcore bands
Category:Metalcore bands
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2002
Category:Musical groups established in 1998
Category:Musical groups from Chicago

Arma Angelus


A mascot is any person, animal, or object thought to bring luck, or used to symbolize a group.  Many schools and sports teams have a mascot, and so do some corporations or products.  For example, the mascot of the Sacramento Kings is a lion, and the mascot of Geico is a gecko.

Mascots:
 Disney (created character: Mickey Mouse)
 Warner Bros. (created character: Bugs Bunny)
 20th Century Fox (created character: Lucy the Mouse)
 Nintendo (created character: Mario)
 Sega (created character: Sonic the Hedgehog)
 Namco (created character: Pac-Man)
 Capcom (created character: Mega Man)
 McDonald's (created character: Ronald McDonald)
 Burger King (created character: The Burger King)
 Jim Henson (created character: Kermit the Frog)
 Hanna-Barbera (created character: Fred Flintstone)
 Dr. Seuss (created character: The Cat in the Hat)
 Marvel Comics (created character: Spider-Man)
 DC Comics (created character: Wonder Woman)
 Pixar (created characters: Woody and Buzz Lightyear)
 DreamWorks (created character: Shrek)
 Paramount Pictures (created character: Popeye)
 Universal Studios (created character: Woody Woodpecker)
 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (created studio: The Wizard of Oz)
 NHK (created character: Domo)
 Nickelodeon (created character: SpongeBob SquarePants)
 BBC (created characters: Teletubbies) (Tinky Winky, Dipsy, Laa-Laa and Po)
 Sanrio (created character: Hello Kitty)
 Columbia Pictures (created character: Slimer the Ghost)
 Gracie Films (created character: Homer Simpson)
 Hasbro (created character: Pinkie Pie)
 Mattel (created character: Thomas the Tank Engine)
 Cartoon Network (created character: Uncle Grandpa)
 ITV (created character: Noddy)
 Microsoft (created character: Lucky Fox)
 Apple (created character: Darwin)
 Amblin Entertainment (created character: Buster Bunny)
 Lucasfilm (created character: Indiana Jones)
 American Broadcast Company (created character: Schoolhouse Rocky)
 NBC (created character: Rocky and Bullwinkle)
 CBS (created character: Ren and Stimpy)
 Atari (created character: Glover)
 Konami (created character: Bomberman)

Other websites

Category:Advertising
Category:Sports

Mascot


John Giorno (December 4, 1936 – October 11, 2019) was an American poet and performance artist. He founded the not-for-profit production company Giorno Poetry Systems. He was known for his works with Andy Warhol's and appeared in Warhol's movie Sleep (1963).

Giorno died of a heart attack at age 82 on October 11, 2019, at his home in Manhattan.

References

Category:1936 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Category:American LGBT rights activists
Category:American poets
Category:American movie actors
Category:Gay men
Category:LGBT actors
Category:LGBT poets
Category:Actors from New York City
Category:Writers from New York City
Category:LGBT people from New York City

John Giorno


Robert Towne (born Robert Bertram Schwartz, November 23, 1934) is an American screenwriter, producer, director and actor.

Towne was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning original screenplay for Roman Polanski's Chinatown (1974). Towne also wrote the sequel, The Two Jakes (1990).

Towne is also known for his screenplays for The Last Detail (1973) and Shampoo (1975); and the first two Mission: Impossible movies.

Towne directed the sports dramas Personal Best (1982) and Without Limits (1998), the crime thriller Tequila Sunrise (1988), and the romantic crime drama Ask the Dust (2006).

References

Other websites

Category:Academy Award winning writers
Category:Golden Globe Award winning writers
Category:BAFTA Award winning writers
Category:1934 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:Movie directors from Los Angeles, California
Category:Movie producers from Los Angeles, California
Category:Screenwriters from Los Angeles, California
Category:Actors from Los Angeles, California

Robert Towne


Virgin Group Ltd is a branded venture capital organization founded by British business tycoon Sir Richard Branson. The core business areas are travel, entertainment and lifestyle, among others. Virgin Group's date of incorporation is listed as 1989 by Companies House, who class it as a holding company; however Virgin's business and trading activities date to 1970. The net worth of Virgin Group LTD as of September 2008 is £5,010,000,000.

References

Category:1970 establishments in England

Category:London

Virgin Group


is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

|-
|1999||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||1||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
|}

References

Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Yamanashi Prefecture

Eiichi Uemura


Stavanger is city in Norway. About 129,191 lived there in 2013. It is in the southwest of Norway. It has a temperate oceanic climate.

Other websites

City homepage

Stavanger


Center Ridge is a census-designated place (CDP) in Arkansas, United States.

References

Category:Census-designated places in Arkansas

Center Ridge, Arkansas


"Dewey Defeats Truman" was a famously incorrect headline on the front page of the Chicago Tribune. It was published on November 3, 1948.

It happened the day after incumbent United States President Harry S. Truman won an upset victory over Republican challenger and Governor of New York Thomas E. Dewey in the 1948 presidential election.

Category:Harry S. Truman
Category:1948 in the United States

Dewey Defeats Truman


Niccolò Piccinni (born Bari, Italy, 16 January 1728; died near Paris, 7 May 1800) was an Italian composer. He wrote over 80 operas. During his life, he worked with the greatest librettists of his age, including Metastasio.

Piccinni’s music is hardly ever played today, but in his day many of his operas were extremely popular. He is mainly remembered today because he was invited to Paris where people wanted him to be a rival of Gluck. There were lots of arguments between the people who supported Piccinni and those who supported Gluck.

Life
Piccinni was born in Bari. His father, who was a musician, did not want his son to study music, but the bishop persuaded him to change his mind. Niccolò went to the music conservatoire in Naples. He started to write comic operas (opera buffa). His opera La Cecchina, ossia la buona Figliuola with a libretto by Goldoni played for two years in Rome and was produced in all the important European capital cities. It was probably the most popular opera buffa of the 18th century.

Piccinni wrote music with a sentimental feeling that was very popular in the mid-18th century. It was typical of a lot of music in the early Classical music period.

A few years later Piccinni was invited by Queen Marie Antoinette to go and live in Paris. He had married in 1756 his pupil Vincenza Sibilla. She was a singer, but he never allowed his wife to sing on stage again after they married.

The people who had invited Piccinni to Paris were people who did not like Gluck’s music. They wanted Piccinni to be a rival to Gluck. They enjoyed arguments, and they wanted to try to make the two composers enemies. There were a lot of arguments between the people who supported Piccinni and those who supported Gluck. The whole affair is often called: the war between the Piccinnists and the Gluckists. It was very stupid, because the arguments had nothing to do with music. Both composers were asked to compose an opera about the same story: Roland. Gluck never finished the opera because he wanted to finish his career by writing Alceste. He did not want to be compared to Piccinni. Then both composers were asked to write operas about the story Iphigénie en Tauride . Gluck’s opera was first produced on 18 May 1779. Piccinni's Iphigénie followed on 23 January 1781. The rival parties went on arguing, even after Gluck left Paris in 1780. Then some people tried to get a new rival for Piccinni: they invited Sacchini to Paris. But Piccinni continued to be popular. When Gluck died, in 1787, Piccinni suggested that a public monument should be built to his memory. Gluck’s supporters refused to support the idea.

In 1784 Piccinni became professor at the Royal School of Music, a school which later became part of the Conservatoire. When the French Revolution broke out in 1789, Piccinni returned to Naples. At first he was warmly welcomed by King Ferdinand IV; but when his daughter married a French democrat the Neapolitans were angry. They said he was a revolutionist. He was not allowed to leave his house for four years.

For the next nine years he tried to make a living in Venice, Naples and Rome; but he returned in 1798 to Paris, where the public gave him a warm welcome, but he made no money. He died at Passy, near Paris.

He produced over eighty operas, but although his later work shows the influence of the French and German stage, his music is typical of Italian musicians of the 18th century.

Category:1728 births
Category:1800 deaths
Category:Italian composers
Category:Classical era composers
Category:People from Apulia

Niccolò Piccinni


The Eretz Israel Museum is an archeological, historical and anthropological museum in Tel Aviv. It is dedicated to history of Jewish life in the Land of Israel before 1948. The museum has some pavilions and a large archaeological park.

Other websites

Official site
Land of Israel Museum at ilMuseums.com

Category:Museums in Tel Aviv

Eretz Israel Museum


Ananda Prasad Pokharel is a Nepali politician. He is currently the Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation in Nepal. He is also a member of Napal's Investment Board.

References

Category:Politicians

Ananda Prasad Pokharel