A studio is a place where an artist can work. Studios can be used for many things, such as making photos, movies, television shows, cartoons, or music. The word comes from the Latin word, studium, which means to eagerly want something.

Music studio
A music studio is a room or group of rooms that are used for practicing music. Most music studios have a piano and a mirror.

Recording studio
A recording studio is used for recording music, speech, or other kinds of sound. Many recordings become works of art in themselves.

Category:Art
Category:Buildings and structures

Studio


Events

Up to 1900
 999 - Pope Sylvester II is elected.
 1285 - Pope Martin IV is elected.
 1453 - The Ottoman Empire's Sultan Mehmed II begins the Siege of Constantinople.
 1513 – Florida is sighted by a European for the first time.
 1744 – The first official golf tournament is held in Leith, near Edinburgh, Scotland.
 1783 – The Duke of Portland replaces the Earl of Shelburne as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
 1800 – Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony.
 1801 – British forces under Horatio Nelson defeat Denmark in the naval Battle of Copenhagen.
 1814 - The French senate declares Napoleon Bonaparte removed from power.
 1845 - Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau and Jean Bernard Leon Foucault take the first photograph of the Sun.
 1851 – Mongkut (Rama IV) is crowned King of Siam.
 1865 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis and his cabinet flee Richmond, Virginia.
 1865 - American Civil War: The Siege of Petersburg is broken, as Union troops capture the trenches around Petersburg, Virginia.
 1885 - Cree warriors attack the village of Frog Lake in Canada's Northwest Territories, killing 9 people.
 1900 - The United States Congress passes the Foraker Act, giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule.

1901  2000
 1902 - The Electric Theater, the first full-time movie theater in the US, opens in Los Angeles, California.
 1911 – Australia's first census is held.
 1912 – The ill-fated RMS Titanic begins sea trials.
 1917 – Woodrow Wilson asks US Congress for war with Germany.
 1921 - The Autonomous Government of Khorasan, a military government covering present-day Iran, is created.
 1930 - Haile Selassie becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.
 1932 – Charles Lindbergh paid a $50,000 ransom for the return of his kidnapped son.
 1943 – Off Bermuda, the British ship Melbourne Star is torpedoed by the German U-boat U 129. It explodes and sinks within two minutes, killing 114 people.
 1945 – The Soviet Union and Brazil establish diplomatic relations.
 1962 - In road use, the first official Panda crossing is opened outside Waterloo station in London.
 1972 – Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States for the first time since being labeled as a Communist during the Red Scare of the 1950s.
 1974 - The Westfalenstadion stadium in Dortmund is opened. It is currently the home of the Borussia Dortmund football team, and hosts international matches.
 1975 - Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from the Quang Ngai Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese forces.
 1975 – The CN Tower in Toronto is completed.
 1978 – The television show Dallas is shown for the first time.
 1982 – The Falklands War begins, as Argentine forces invade.
 1984 – Rakesh Sharma becomes the first Indian in space on board the Soyuz T-11.
 1989 - Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana, Cuba, for talks with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations.
 1991 – The eruption of the Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines begins.
 1991 - Rita Johnston becomes the first female Premier of a Canadian province, in British Columbia.
 1992 – Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering.
 1998 – Former French minister Maurice Papon is found guilty of war crimes over the deportation of more than 1,700 Jews during World War II.

From 2001
 2004 – Spanish police prevent an attempt by Islamist terrorists to blow up a high speed train near Madrid.
 2005 – Pope John Paul II dies at the age of 84 years, after more than 26 years as Pope.
 2006 – 60 tornadoes break out in the United States. Tennessee is the worst affected with 29 people killed.
 2007 – A magnitude 8.1 earthquake hits the Solomon Islands, with resulting tsunamis destroying villages, killing 52 people, and making 5,000 homeless.
 2011 - India wins the Cricket World Cup for the second time.
 2012 – President of Hungary Pal Schmitt resigns after losing his doctorate in a Plagiarism scandal.
 2013 - Major flooding affects Buenos Aires and La Plata in Argentina, killing 62 people.
 2015 - A trawler sinks in the Sea of Okhotsk, west of Russia's far-eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, killing at least 50 sailors on board.
 2015 - Al-Shabaab militants attack a university in Garissa, Kenya, killing 147 people.
 2019 - Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns as President of Algeria with immediate effect, ending his almost-20-year Presidency, after several weeks of protests.
 2019 - Lori Lightfoot is elected Mayor of Chicago, making her the first African American Lesbian woman chosen to govern a major city in the United States.

Births

Up to 1900
 742 – Charlemagne (d. 814)
 1527 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish mapmaker (d. 1598)
 1545 – Elisabeth of Valois, French princess and Queen of Spain (d. 1568)
 1565 - Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
 1614 – Jahanara Begum Sahib, Imperial princess and daughter of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (d. 1681)
 1618 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1663)
 1647 - Maria Sibylla Merian, German botanist (d. 1717)
 1653 – Prince George of Denmark (d. 1708)
 1719 - Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet (d. 1803)
 1725 – Giacomo Casanova, Italian writer (d. 1798)
 1745 - Richard Bassett, Governor of Delaware (d. 1815)
 1788 - Francisco Balagtas, Filipino poet (d. 1862)
 1788 - Wilhelmine Reichard, first female German balloonist (d. 1848)
 1791 - David Henshaw, 14th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1852)
 1792 - Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombian general and politician (d. 1840)
 1798 – Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (d. 1874)
 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer and poet (d. 1875)
 1814 - Erastus Brigham Bigelow, American inventor (d. 1879)
 1826 - George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1914)
 1827 - William Holman Hunt, English painter (d. 1910)
 1838 – Léon Gambetta, French statesman (d. 1882)
 1840 – Émile Zola, French writer (d. 1902)
 1841 - Clement Ader, French aviation pioneer (d. 1926)
 1852 - Frederick B. Fancher, Governor of North Dakota (d. 1944)
 1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler, American philosopher, diplomat and educator (d. 1947)
 1863 - William Adamson, Scottish trade union leader and politician (d. 1936)
 1867 - Eugen Sandow, German bodybuilder and circus performer (d. 1925)
 1869 - Hughie Jennings, American baseball player (d. 1928)
 1875 – Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer (d. 1940)
 1891 – Max Ernst, German painter (d. 1976)
 1891 - Jack Buchanan, Scottish actor, singer, director and producer (d. 1957)
 1898 - Harindranath Chatoopadhyay, Indian poet, actor and politician (d. 1990)
 1899 - Heinrich Rau, German politician (d. 1961)
 1900 - Robert Arlt, Argentine writer (d. 1942)

1901  1950
 1906 - Dan K. Moore, Governor of North Carolina (d. 1986)
 1907 - Luke Appling, American baseball player (d. 1991)
 1912 – Herbert Mills, American singer (d. 1989)
 1914 – Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
 1916 - Oleg Lundstrem, Russian jazz composer and conductor (d. 2005)
 1917 - Dabbs Greer, American actor (d. 2007)
 1919 - Delfo Cabrera, Argentine long-distance runner (d. 1981)
 1920 – Jack Webb, American actor, director and producer (d. 1982)
 1922 - John C. Whitehead, American banker and politician (d. 2015)
 1923 - Gloria Henry, American actress
 1923 - G. Spencer-Brown, English polymath (d. 2016)
 1925 – George MacDonald Fraser, British writer (d. 2008)
 1925 - Hans Rosenthal, German radio and television presenter (d. 1987)
 1926 - Jack Brabham, Australian racing driver (d. 2014)
 1927 – Carmen Basilio, American boxer (d. 2012)
 1927 – Ferenc Puskas, Hungarian footballer (d. 2006)
 1927 - Rembert Weakland, former Archbishop of Milwaukee
 1927 - Howard H. Callaway, American politician (d. 2014)
 1927 - Ken Sansom, American actor (d. 2012)
 1927 - Billy Pierce, American baseball player (d. 2015)
 1927 - Rita Gam, American actress (d. 2016)
 1928 - Joseph Bernardin, American cardinal (d. 1996)
 1928 - Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Senegalese writer
 1928 – Serge Gainsbourg, French singer, songwriter, actor and director (d. 1991)
 1929 - Hans Koschnick, German politician (d. 2016)
 1932 – Edward Egan, American Roman Catholic cardinal and former Archbishop of New York City (d. 2015)
 1933 - György Konrád, Hungarian writer (d. 2019)
 1934 - Richard Portman, American sound engineer (d. 2017)
 1934 - Carl Kasell, American radio journalist and quiz show judge (d. 2018)
 1936 - Shaul Ladany, Israeli Olympic race walker
 1936 - Cynthia Lynn, American actress (d. 2014)
 1938 - John Larsson, Swedish 17th General of the Salvation Army
 1938 - Booker Little, American trumpeter and composer (d. 1961)
 1939 – Marvin Gaye, American singer (d. 1984)
 1939 - Lise Thibault, Quebec politician
 1940 – Penelope Keith, British actress
 1940 - Donald Jackson, Canadian figure skater
 1940 - Mike Hailwood, English motorcycle racer and racing driver (d. 1981)
 1941 – Dr. Demento, American radio presenter
 1942 – Leon Russell, American pianist and conductor (d. 2016)
 1942 - Roshan Seth, Indian-English actor
 1943 - Tom Polanic, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2019)
 1944 - Francisco Massiani, Venezuelan writer and painter (d. 2019)
 1945 - Don Sutton, American baseball player
 1945 - Linda Hunt, American actress
 1946 - Sue Townsend, English novelist (d. 2014)
 1946 - Kurt Winter, Canadian guitarist (d. 1997)
 1947 - Emmylou Harris, American singer
 1947 - Camille Paglia, American author
 1947 - Tua Forsström, Finnish writer
 1947 - Paquita la del Barrio, Mexican singer
 1948 - Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (d. 2018)
 1949 - Paul Gambaccini, American-British radio and television presenter

1951  1975
 1952 – Leon Wilkeson, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2001)
 1953 - Krzysztof Krauze, Polish movie director, cinematographer and actor (d. 2014)
 1954 - Gregory Abbott, American singer-songwriter and producer
 1954 - Donald Petrie, American director
 1957 - Barbara Jordan, American tennis player
 1959 - David Frankel, American director, screenwriter and producer
 1959 - Badou Ezzaki, Moroccan footballer and coach
 1959 – Juha Kankkunen, Finnish rally driver
 1960 – Linford Christie, British athlete
 1961 – Christopher Meloni, American actor
 1961 – Keren Woodward, British singer (Bananarama)
 1962 - Pierre Carles, French director and producer
 1962 - Clark Gregg, American actor, director and screenwriter
 1963 - Shane Barbi and Sia Barbi, American models, writers and animal rights activists
 1963 - Mike Gascoyne, British engineer
 1965 – Rodney King, American victim of police brutality (d. 2012)
 1965 - David Gamkrelidze, Georgian politician
 1966 – Teddy Sheringham, English footballer
 1967 - Greg Camp, American musician
 1967 - Renée Estevez, American actress
 1969 - Ajay Devgan, Indian actor, director and producer
 1971 - Todd Woodbridge, Australian tennis player
 1971 – Edmundo, Brazilian footballer
 1971 – Zeebra, Japanese rapper
 1973 – Tine Wittler, German actress and writer
 1975 – Adam Rodriguez, American actor

From 1976
 1977 – Michael Fassbender, German-Irish actor
 1977 - Annett Louisan, German singer
 1977 - Aiden Turner, British actor
 1977 - Nicki Pedersen, Danish speedway rider
 1978 - Grisella Siciliani, Argentine actress and singer
 1979 - Lindy Booth, Canadian actress
 1979 – Jesse Carmichael, American musician (Maroon 5)
 1980 – Carlos Salcido, Mexican footballer
 1980 – Adam Fleming, Scottish journalist
 1981 – Michael Clarke, Australian cricketer
 1981 - Kapil Sharma, Indian comedian
 1981 - Bethany Joy Lenz, American actress, singer and filmmaker
 1982 – Marco Amelia, Italian footballer
 1982 – David Ferrer, Spanish tennis player
 1982 - Jack Evans, American professional wrestler
 1983 - Felix Borja, Ecuadorean footballer
 1983 - Arthur Boka, Ivory Coast footballer
 1983 - Laura Carmine Puerto, Puerto Rican-Mexican actress
 1983 – Paul Capdeville, Chilean tennis player
 1984 - Meryl Cassie, South African-New Zealand actress
 1985 - Gordon Aikman, Scottish ALS campaigner (d. 2017)
 1985 - Thom Evans, Scottish rugby player
 1985 – Stéphane Lambiel, Swiss figure skater
 1986 – Ibrahim Afellay, Dutch footballer
 1986 – Lee DeWyze, American singer
 1986 - Drew Van Acker, American actor
 1986 - R3hab, Dutch DJ and record producer
 1987 - Molly Smitten-Downes, English singer
 1987 - Dalma Maradona, Argentine actress
 1988 - Francesca Catalano, American actress
 1990 - Yevgeniya Kanayeva, Russian gymnast
 1990 - Miralem Pjanic, footballer from Bosnia and Herzegovina
 1993 - Aaron Kelly, American singer
 1993 - Bruno Zuculini, Argentine footballer

Deaths

Up to 1900
 1118 – Baldwin I of Jerusalem (b. 1058)
 1305 - Joan I of Navarre (b. 1273)
 1506 – Prince Arthur Tudor of England (b. 1486)
 1507 - Francis of Paola, Italian friar and saint (b. 1416)
 1640 - Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, Polish writer and poet (b. 1595)
 1657 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1608)
 1709 - Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian painter (b. 1639)
 1720 - Joseph Dudley, English Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1647)
 1742 - James Douglas, Scottish physician and anatomist (b. 1675)
 1791 - Henri Gabriel Riqueti, French statesman (b. 1749)
 1803 – Sir James Montgomery, 1st Baronet, Scottish politician and judge (b. 1721)
 1817 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German writer (b. 1740)
 1827 – Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician and naturalist (b. 1776)
 1872 – Samuel F. B. Morse, American inventor (b. 1791)
 1894 - Achille Vianelli, Italian painter (b. 1803)

1901  2000
 1914 – Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse, German writer (b. 1830)
 1922 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychologist (b. 1884)
 1928 – Theodore William Richards, American chemist (b. 1868)
 1930 – Empress Zauditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
 1933 - Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (b. 1872)
 1948 - Sabahattin Ali, Turkish novelist, writer, poet and journalist (b. 1907)
 1951 – Simon Barere, Russian pianist (b. 1896)
 1958 – Tudor Davies, Welsh operatic tenor (b. 1892)
 1972 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu, Japanese martial arts grandmaster (b. 1887)
 1974 – Georges Pompidou, President of France (b. 1911)
 1987 – Buddy Rich, American jazz drummer and bandleader (b. 1917)
 1992 – Juan Gomez Gonzalez, Spanish footballer (b. 1954)
 1994 – Betty Furness, American actress (b. 1916)
 1995 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist (b. 1908)
 1998 – Rob Pilatus, American model, dancer and singer (b. 1965)

From 2001
 2001 – Jennifer Syme, American actress (b. 1972)
 2005 – Pope John Paul II (b. 1920)
 2006 – Nina von Stauffenberg, widow of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (b. 1914)
 2007 – Paul Reed, American actor (b. 1909)
 2012 - Elizabeth Catlett, American-Mexican artist and sculptor (b. 1915)
 2013 - Jesus Franco, Spanish movie director, writer, cinematographer and actor (b. 1930)
 2013 - Jane Henson, American puppeteer and voice actress (b. 1934)
 2013 - Milo O'Shea, Irish-American actor (b. 1926)
 2013 - Maria Redaelli, Italian supercentenarian (b. 1899)
 2014 - Urs Widmer, Swiss writer (b. 1938)
 2014 - Carl Epting Mundy, Jr., American military officer (b. 1935)
 2014 - Richard Brick, American movie producer (b. 1945)
 2014 - Glyn Jones, South African actor, writer and director (b. 1931)
 2014 - Lucy Hood, American television executive (b. 1958)
 2014 - Consuelo Moure, Colombian actress (b. 1947)
 2014 - Joseph Willaert, Belgian painter (b. 1936)
 2015 - Luis Delgado Aparicio, Peruvian politician (b. 1940)
 2015 - Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese movie director and screenwriter (b. 1908)
 2015 - Rudolph R. Perz, American advertising executive (b. 1925)
 2015 - Olga Sawicka, Polish dancer and choreographer (b. 1932)
 2015 - Robert H. Schuller, American televangelist (b. 1926)
 2015 - Steve Stevaert, Belgian politician (b. 1954)
 2015 - Doug Sax, American audio engineer (b. 1936)
 2015 - Abdelhadi Tazi, Moroccan scholar and diplomat (b. 1921)
 2016 - Gato Barbieri, Argentine musician and bandleader (b. 1932)
 2016 - Gallieno Ferri, Italian comic book artist (b. 1929)
 2016 - Boris Hybner, Czech actor and mime artist (b. 1941)
 2016 - Amber Rayne, American pornographic actress (b. 1984)
 2017 - Kenneth J. Donnelly, American politician (b. 1950)
 2017 - Leonard Litwin, American real estate developer (b. 1914)
 2018 - Susan Anspach, American actress (b. 1942)
 2018 - Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist (b. 1923)
 2018 - Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, South African activist (b. 1936)
 2019 - Jamshid Mashayekhi, Iranian actor (b. 1934)
 2019 - J. Mahendran, Indian film director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1939)
 2019 - Don Williamson, American businessman and politician (b. 1934)

Observances
 International Children's Book Day - Birthday of Hans Christian Andersen
 Thai Heritage Conservation Day
 World Autism Awareness Day
 Malvinas Day (Argentina)

April 02

April 2


Russell Brunell Trood (5 December 1948 – 9 January 2017) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He served as a Senator for Queensland from 1 July 2005 until 30 June 2011. He later served as the National President of the United Nations Association of Australia from 2012 to 2016. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria.

Trood died from thyroid cancer on 9 January 2017 in Brisbane, Queensland. He was 68.

References

Category:1948 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Cancer deaths in Queensland
Category:Deaths from thyroid cancer
Category:Liberal Party of Australia politicians
Category:Members of the Australian Senate
Category:Politicians from Melbourne
Category:Politicians from Queensland

Russell Trood


Gagnef is an urban area in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. It is the seat of Gagnef Municipality.

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Dalarna County

Gagnef


was a Japanese priest of the Roman Catholic Church.  He was the first Japanese person to become a Cardinal.

Early life
Doi was born in Sendai.  He studied in Rome.

Priest
Doi was ordained as a priest in 1921.

In 1934, he was made Secretary of the Apostolic Delegation to Japan.

Bishop
He was named Bishop of Tokyo in 1937.

He was Apostolic Administrator of Roman Catholic Diocese of Yokohama from 1945 to 1947.

Cardinal
In 1960, Pope John XXIII created him Cardinal of Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana.

In 1965, Doi was among those who read the closing messages of the Second Vatican Council.

References

Other websites
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Doi, Peter Tatsuo
 Catholic-Hierarchy,  Peter Tatsuo Cardinal Doi
  Archdiocese of Tokyo ;

Category:1892 births
Category:1970 deaths
Category:Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Category:People from Sendai
Category:Roman Catholic bishops

Peter Tatsuo Doi


Manatee Palms Youth Services is a hospital. It has 60 patients at its location in Bradenton, Florida. Manatee Palms Youth Services has been shut down by the State of Florida twice because of hurtful behavior from staff workers and nurses at its hospital. Florida will not let Manatee Palms admit any more patients because of this hurtful behavior. The State of Florida has found Manatee Palms a hospital that doesn't take care of its patients.

1990s abuse
The first time abuse at Manatee Palms that is on public record happened in November 1991 when a staff worker sexually hurt a teenage patient. Another situation occurred in February 1994 when Mark Duane Brewer, a hospital counselor, had sex with a 16-year-old patient in the hospital.  Another family filed suit against the same man in May of 1994, alleging their children were also raped. Another situation happened in 1996, when a staff member attacked a patient by putting him in a choke hold and throwing him to the ground. In 1997, an 18 year old man raped a patient at Manatee Palms.

2000s abuse
In October 2004, a sexual assault happened at the facility and the staff member admitted it.

In November 2004, four patients ran away from the hospital, stole a car, caused crashes, and almost hit a sheriff's deputy. In February 2009, a lawsuit was filed on behalf of a former patient who was physically assaulted by staff on a daily basis.

Manatee Palms was in the news after people found out that a sex offender was employed in 2003. The 41-year-old asked a 15-year-old girl to engage in sexual acts with him and record it with a video camera.

Closures
In April 2007, Manatee Palms was closed by the State of Florida for hiring staff members with criminal records, staff abusing patients, buildings falling apart, and threatening some people in Florida. Manatee Palms was fined $12,000 by the state and was forced to make lots of renovations. They reopened in May 2007. In April 2010, Manatee Palms was closed once again due to staff members hurting patients by breaking their bones.

References

Other websites

 UHS Home Page
 Los Angeles Times and ProPublica news reports

Category:Hospitals in the United States
Category:Buildings and structures in Florida
Category:2007 disestablishments in the United States
Category:2000s disestablishments in Florida
Category:2007 establishments in the United States
Category:2000s establishments in Florida
Category:2010 disestablishments in the United States
Category:2010s disestablishments in Florida

Manatee Palms Youth Services


The Fighting Temptations is a 2003 musical drama movie with Cuba Gooding Jr., and Beyoncé Knowles.

Category:Musical movies
Category:2000s drama movies
Category:2003 movies
Category:English-language movies

The Fighting Temptations


OPEC, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries  is an international organization. Since 1965, the headquarters of OPEC has been in Vienna, Austria. OPEC was established in Baghdad, Iraq on 10–14 September 1960.

Its work is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies" of its members, and also to "ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry".

According to the United States Department of Energy Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC crude oil production is an important factor affecting global oil prices. OPEC sets production targets for its member nations and generally, when OPEC production targets are reduced, oil prices increase.  Projections of changes in Saudi production result in changes in the price of crude oil.

OPEC was formed in 1960 when the international oil market was largely dominated by  multinational companies known as the 'seven sisters'. The formation of OPEC was a turning point in state control over natural resources. In the 1960s OPEC made sure that oil companies could not unilaterally cut prices. In December 2014, OPEC and the oil men were named in the top 10 most influential people in the shipping industry by Lloyds.

Members:
21 countries are members of OPEC. The names of these countries are:
 Algeria
 Angola
 Austria
 Bahrain
 Benin
 Brunei Darussalam
 Cameroon
 Congo
 Ecuador
 Equatorial Guinea
 Gabon
 Iran
 Iraq
 Kuwait
 Libya
 Nigeria
 Oman
 Saudi Arabia
 Syria
 The United Arab Emirates
 Venezuela.
Indonesia and Qatar are former members.

Aims

Member countries of the OPEC came together to form this international organization with several aims. Some of the aims are:
 To protect the interest of the member countries.
 To make sure that the price of petroleum products do not change much.
 To make certain a regular supply of petroleum oil to other countries.
 To make sure that member countries get the right amount of money from sale of oil products.
 To decide policies to follow relating to production and sale of petroleum oil.

However, OPEC has not always been able to achieve all these aims.

Related pages
 Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
 1973 oil crisis
 Cartel

References

Other websites
 OPEC official site

Category:International organizations

OPEC


Murfreesboro is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Category:Cities in Arkansas
Category:County seats in Arkansas

Murfreesboro, Arkansas


Chester-le-Street  is an ancient town in the northeast of England.  It is in County Durham. Where it stands was a Roman fort called Concangis. This is the 'Chester' (from the Latin castra) of the town's name. 'Street' refers to the paved Roman road that ran north-south through the town. It is now called Front Street (shown at right).

Chester-le-Street is  south of Newcastle upon Tyne and  west of Sunderland. It is on the River Wear.

The parish church of St Mary and St Cuthbert is where the body of St Cuthbert lay for 112 years. Then it was taken to Durham Cathedral. The church is the site of the first translation of the Gospels into English. There Aldred wrote the Old English gloss between the lines of the Lindisfarne Gospels.

It is a market town. Markets are held on Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. Until 2009 the town had its own local government district. The status of the town has been changed several times by local government regulations. The changes were controversial at the time.

References

Category:Towns in County Durham

Chester-le-Street


Cuero ( ) is a city in DeWitt County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,841 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of DeWitt County.

References

Category:Cities in Texas
Category:County seats in Texas

Cuero, Texas


A bobby pin (kirby grip) is a clip that goes in one's hair to hold individual strands of hair in place.

Category:Hair
Category:Headgear

no:Hårspenne

Bobby pin


This is an albums discography page for American singer Selena. The discography has her six studio albums. It also has her seventeen compilation albums that were released and three remix albums.

Selena signed with EMI Latin in 1989. She released her self-titled album that same year. In November 1990, Selena released Ven Conmigo. The album became the first Tejano album by a female singer to reach gold status. The album peaked at number three on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart.

Selena released her third studio album, Entre A Mi Mundo on September 5, 1992. The album sold 500,000 copies in the United States and 600,000 copies in Mexico. It was certified gold in the United States. The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart, number four on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 97 on the Billboard 200. Entre A Mi Mundo was certified six times platinum in Mexico.

Selena's first live album/fourth studio album was called Selena Live!. The album had three new songs, while the others were songs sung live at a concert in Corpus Christi, Texas. The album sold 500,000 copies and was certified gold. The album also won a Grammy Award for "Best Mexican American Album". The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart, number two on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 79 on the Billboard 200.

17 Super Exitos was released as the third compilation album in the United States. The album sold 1,200,000 copies and was certified six times platinum.

Selena released Amor Prohibido on March 22, 1994. The album became "Latin's Best-Selling Album of All Time". It sold 2,000,000 copies in its first year and was certified 20 times platinum. By 2002, the album sold 8,000,000 copies. In February 2011, the RIAA updated the certification to diamond status with 10,000,000 copies sold. The album peaked at number-one on both the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and the Top Latin Albums chart. It peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 200.

While touring on her Amor Prohibido Tour (1994-95), Selena began recording songs for her crossover album. She was signed to SBK Records, a pop sub-division of EMI Records. Selena recorded six of the planned 14 songs by January 20, 1995. On the morning of March 31, Selena was supposed to record "Oh No (I'll Never Fall in Love)" at Q-Productions. However, she was killed that morning. SBK Records then removed themselves from Selena's record deal. EMI Latin then took back Selena and began organizing the crossover album. Selena's brother and main songwriter, A.B. Quintanilla III had remixed some of Selena's most popular songs. They would become the album, Dreaming of You.

Dreaming of You was released on July 18, 1995. It sold 175,000 copies the first day, a record for a pop singer. It sold 331,000 copies the first week. It debuted at number-one on the Billboard 200. Selena became the first Hispanic singer to have her album debut at number-one. She also became the second-fastest-selling female singer, only behind Janet Jackson. The album became the second-highest-debut for any artist, only behind Michael Jackson. The album was known as a "Historic Day in Latin History". The album also helped Selena to become a "household name". The album sold 4,000,000 copies in its first year. By 2002, the album had sold 10,000,000 copies. In February 2011, the RIAA updated the sales to 30,000,000 copies and was certified three times diamond. The album also peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and Top Latin Albums chart for two years straight. The album also peaked at number-one on the New Zealand Albums Chart, Spanish Albums Chart, Portuguese Albums Chart, Mexican Albums Chart, number four on the Italian Albums Chart and number six on the Argentinian Albums Chart. Dreaming of You was certified gold in Canada, platinum in Spain and diamond in Italy, Mexico and Argentina.

Selena's father spoke out about wanting to keep Selena's legacy alive. He then released Selena's first album after her death; Siempre Selena in 1996. The album sold 200,000 copies and was certified two times platinum. The album became the official album for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. In March 1997, the movie soundtrack was released. It sold 1,000,000 copies in one year.

In April 1998, Anthology was released. It was a box-set that had three compact discs with ten songs in each disc. The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and number-one on the Top Latin Albums chart. The album peaked at number 131 on the Billboard 200. The album made up half of EMI Latin's 1999 sales. It was certified six times platinum for selling 1,200,000 copies in its first year.

In March 1999, All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos was certified six times platinum for selling 1,200,000 copies in its first year. The album peaked at number-one on both the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and Top Latin Albums chart. It also peaked on the Billboard 200 chart at number 54.

In March 2000, All My Hits/Todos Mis Exitos Vol. 2 was released. It sold 400,000 copies and was certified two times platinum. The album peaked at number-one on both the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and Top Latin Albums Chart. It also peaked on the Billboard 200 at number 149.

The next year, Selena Live! The Last Concert was released. It became Selena's second live album. The album went platinum for selling 200,000 copies. The album peaked at number-one on the Latin Pop Albums chart, number two on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 176 on the Billboard 200.

In 2002, Selena's father released the "20 Years of Music collection". The collection released 9-discs with comments from Selena's family, bonus tracks and music videos. The comments were spoken word about how it was like when Selena was recording the songs. Ones was released as the first part of the collection. The album peaked at number four on both the Top Latin Albums chart and Latin Pop Albums. The album peaked at number 159 on the Billboard 200. The sold 1,000,000 copies in its first year. In February 2011, the RIAA updated the sales to 10,000,000 copies and certified the album diamond.

Greatest Hits was released in 2003. It had most of Selena's English-language songs. The album peaked at number 115 on the Billboard 200.

In March 2004, Momentos Intimos was released. The album had an unreleased song. The album peaked at number seven on the Regional Mexican Albums chart. It also peaked at number 11 on the Top Latin Albums chart.

During the tenth anniversary of Selena's death, Unforgettable was released. It was a collection that had a one disc edition and a two-disc edition. Both editions peaked in Billboards charts in 2005. The Selena ¡VIVE! soundtrack was released. It peaked at number-one on the Mexican Albums Chart and Spanish Albums Chart in 2005. A year later, Dos Historias was released. It peaked at number three on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart and number 21 on the Top Latin Albums chart.

In 2007, the album Through the Years/A Traves de los Años was released. It contained an unreleased song. The song was recorded when Selena was seven years old. The album was certified gold and peaked at number 28 on the Top Latin Albums chart. In the same year, Forever Selena was released. The box-set was similar to Anthology (1998). Also released in the same year, Serie Verde was released as a low-budget album.

In March 2009, the box set Inolvidable was released. It had songs from Alpha (1986) and Muñequito de Trapo (1987). The box-set had an unreleased song.

In March 2010, the box-set La Leyenda was released. It peaked at number four on the Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart, number seven on the Top Latin Albums chart, number 29 on the Mexican Albums Chart and 81 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album had a booklet with comments from fans around the world. It also had messages from Selena's family and record label. In June 2011, 10 Great Songs was released. It was released as a low-budget album.

Selena's brother and father are working on an upcoming project to be released in 2012. It will be a remix album.

Selena has sold over 21 million copies in the United States. She was called "The Queen of Tejano music" and the widely known Mexican-American singer and most popular Latin artist in the United States. Selena was named the "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" and "Best Latin artist of the '90s" by Billboard magazine.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Live albums

Box-Sets

Remix albums

Soundtracks

Related pages
 Selena y Los Dinos discography
 Selena singles discography

References

Category:Discographies
*

Selena albums discography


Tureberg is a neighbourhood in Sollentuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden. In 2011, 15,560 people lived there. It is a Stockholm suburb and houses the local government seat for the municipality as well as a large shopping mall and a Stockholm commuter rail station.

Tureberg has also evolved as a law enforcement center for the northern part of metropolitan Stockholm, with police station, court house, prosecutor's office, and a jail, all in buildings built in the 1980s and onwards. The present courthouse was inaugurated in 2010.

References

Category:Settlements in Stockholm County

Tureberg


Ben Stein (November 25, 1944) is an American attorney, writer, actor, comedian, and television personality.

He was a lawyer, then speech writer for Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He went into show business helping some liberal writers write accurate portrayals of conservatives for a television show. He soon turned to acting, landing his most famous role as a boring teacher in the movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off. He was also the main person in the 2008 movie Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed. His nerdy appearance and dead-pan manner have made him a popular fixture on movies and TV till this day. From 1997 to 2003 he had his own game show, Win Ben Stein's Money. He also wrote many books and had articles that appeared in popular magazines and newspapers. He is also spokesperson for a product named "Clear Eyes".

References

Other websites

Category:1944 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American game show hosts
Category:Actors from Washington, D.C.
Category:Writers from Washington, D.C.

Ben Stein


Paducah is a city in Kentucky in the United States.

Sources

Category:Cities in Kentucky
Category:County seats in Kentucky
Category:1821 establishments in the United States
Category:1820s establishments in Kentucky

Paducah, Kentucky


Muaz ibn Jabal () (603 – 639) was one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He belonged to the tribe of Banu Khazraj. He accepted Islam before the Second pledge at al-Aqabah. He was known as the one with a lot of knowledge. He was called by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), "the one who will lead the scholars into Paradise." Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent Muaz to Yemen to teach its people about Islam. He also helped in collecting the Quran in written form.

References

Category:Sahaba
Category:Muslims

Maaz ibn Jabal


The Boston accent is a local accent of Eastern New England English. It is spoken specifically in the city of Boston, its suburbs, and much of eastern Massachusetts. Eastern New England English also traditionally includes New Hampshire and Maine. The accent originated with the Puritans who came to the area from East Anglia in the 17th century. It was also influenced by 19th and 20th century immigrants from Ireland. This resulted in the distinct r-dropping (locally called "wicked natural") dialect found in modern costal Massachusetts.

Non-rhoticity
The traditional Boston accent is non-rhotic, particularly in the early 1900s. Recent studies have shown that younger speakers use more of a rhotic accent than older speakers from the Boston region. The Boston accent is pronounced with a “broad A”. The letter "r" is dropped only in certain words like 'car' and 'hard'. For example, a person might “pahk the cah in Hahvahd yahd.”

Lexicon
Some words used in the Boston area are:
blinkers turn signals on a car (also U.K., Australia and New Zealand). The Massachusetts Department of Transportation has displayed signs reminding motorists to "Use Yah Blinkah", a phonetic representation of the phrase as spoken with a Boston accent.
bubbler (or water bubbler) drinking fountain, pronounced "bubblah".  This term is also used in Wisconsin and Australia.
frappe a beverage mixed with milk and ice cream, a.k.a. milkshake (in most other places), or if in Rhode Island (and especially if coffee flavored), called a "cabinet"
Hoodsie A small cup of ice cream, the kind that comes with a flat wooden spoon (from HP Hood, the dairy that sells them.) Also (very offensive slang), a teenage girl. Elsewhere occasionally known as a dixie cup.
jimmies Chocolate ice cream sprinkles Also common in the Philadelphia area.
packie liquor store (from "package store")
pissah means something akin to "great" either realistically or sarcastically. Also spelled 'pissa'. This is from the word "pisser" with a Boston accent, but used as an adjective. Occasionally  combined with "wicked" to yield "wicked pissah".
rotary traffic circle. These full-speed circular intersections are common in Greater Boston.
wicked  Generally means "very" or "super" and is used as an adverb. "That hockey game was wicked awesome!" It can also be used to infer tones and moods, for example, "Ugh, that guy is wicked slow."
spa A convenience store that has tonic on tap and (usually) sells sandwiches.
tonic soft drink; known elsewhere as soda
whiffle a crew cut or male haircut done with electric clippers.

References

Other websites
 Perfect Boston Accent; YouTube

Category:Dialects of English
Category:Pronunciation

Boston accent


Gurkhas (Gorkhas) are Nepali citizens of Khas origin recruited into the British Army, and now also recruited into the modern Nepali and Indian Armies. They come from the mountains of Nepal and are best known for their courage, honesty, and loyalty.

The Brigade of Gurkhas are a part of the British Army. They have fought with the British for the past 200 years. The Gurkha unit in the British army has won 26 Victoria Cross medals and many other medals. The Gurkhas also work in the security forces of Brunei, Singapore, India and other countries.

Their symbol is the kukri or khukuri, the curved knife which they use as a weapon and a tool.

Their name in English mean "cowboys".

Category:Nepalese people

Gurkha


Francisco de Paula Martinez de la Rosa (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862), was  a Spanish statesman and dramatist, was born in Granada, and educated at the university there.

Category:1787 births
Category:1862 deaths
Category:Spanish politicians
Category:People from Granada

Francisco Martínez de la Rosa


The Eurovision Song Contest 2015 was the 60th edition of the contest and took place in Vienna, Austria, after Conchita Wurst won for Austria in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2014.

A total of 40 countries participated in that year, while Australia participated for the first time ever as a special-guest due the 60th anniversery.

Ukraine quit because of politics, while Cyprus, Czech Republic and Serbia returned to the contest.

First Semi-Final
The first semi-final took place on Tuesday, the 19th May 2015. 16 countries participated and 10 qualified for the final (fed marked).

The "Big-Five" members Austria, France and Spain voted in this semi-final.

Televoting and Jury results of Semi-Final 1

Second Semi-Final
The second semi-final took place on Thursday, the 21th May 2015. 17 countries participated and 10 qualified for the final, shown in bold.

The "Big-Five" members Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom voted in this semi-final.

Grand Final
The Grand Final took place on Saturday, the 23th May 2015. Sweden won with 365 points, while Austria and Germany finished both last with zero points.

Category:2015 in music
2015
Category:Vienna

Eurovision Song Contest 2015


Greeley is the city that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Weld County, Colorado, United States. Greeley is in northern Colorado and is  north-northeast of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.

According to a July 2018 estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of the city is 107,348.

References

Category:Cities in Colorado
Category:County seats in Colorado

Greeley, Colorado


Instinct is a 1999 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Jon Turteltaub and was produced by Michael Taylor and Barbara Boyle. Instinct was released on June 4, 1999. It was the first movie to be produced by Spyglass Entertainment after Caravan Pictures shut down.

The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was also a box office bomb and was only able to gain $34,105,207 of it's $80 million budget. The movie won the Genesis Award for Best Feature at the 2000 Genesis Awards.

Cast
 Anthony Hopkins as Dr. Ethan Powell
 Cuba Gooding, Jr. as Dr. Theo Caulder
 Donald Sutherland as Dr. Ben Hillard
 Maura Tierney as Lynn Powell
 John Ashton as Guard Dacks
 George Dzundza as Dr. John Murray
 John Aylward as Warden Jack Keefer
 Tracey Ellis as Annie
 Doug Spinuzza as Nicko
 Thomas Morris as Peter Holden
 Rex Linn as Guard Alan

References

Other websites

Category:1999 movies
Category:1990s drama thriller movies
Category:American drama thriller movies
Category:English-language movies
Category:Movies based on books
Category:Movies composed by Danny Elfman

Instinct (movie)


Cody Eakin (born May 24, 1991) is a Canadian ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Washington Capitals.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Eakin played parts of 4 seasons with the Swift Current Broncos of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

He was drafted 85th overall by the Washington Capitals in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. He signed a three-year entry level contract with the Capitals on October 20, 2009.

On November 1, 2011, Eakin was called up from the Hershey Bears. The same day, Eakin made his NHL debut in a 5-4 overtime win against the Anaheim Ducks. On November 4, 2011, Eakin scored his first NHL goal against Cam Ward of the Carolina Hurricanes.

On June 22, 2012, the Capitals traded Eakin along with a second round pick to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Mike Ribeiro.

References

Other websites

Category:1991 births
Category:American Hockey League players
Category:Canadian ice hockey centres
Category:Dallas Stars players
Category:Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Category:Kootenay Ice players
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Category:Swift Current Broncos players
Category:Washington Capitals players

Cody Eakin


Moths are insects of the order Lepidoptera. They are closely related to butterflies, which evolved from them. They also have wings, just like butterflies. Most species of moths are active only at night. They can be told apart from butterflies in several ways. Moth antenna look like little feathers,  and their wings are held flat on their backs when they are not flying.

Most Lepidoptera are moths. There are thought to be about 160,000 species of moths (nearly ten times the number of species of butterflies). Thousands of species are still to be described. Most moths are tiny: they are called micromoths or microlepidoptera. The large moths are much better known, but fewer. Most species of moths are nocturnal, but not all. There are crepuscular and diurnal species.

Moths as pests
Moths, usually their caterpillars, are a major farm pest in many parts of the world. Caterpillars eat the plants that farmers grow and sometimes kill them. The caterpillar of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) causes great harm to forests in the northeast United States. In warm climates, the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is perhaps the most serious pest of cabbage crops.

Several moths in the family Tineidae have larvae which eat  clothes and blankets made from natural fibres, such as wool or silk. They are less likely to eat materials containing some artificial fibres. They may be repelled by the scent of wood from juniper and cedar, by lavender, or by other natural oils.

Chemicals are the most effective way to keep moths away, but there are concerns about the chemicals being dangerous to people.

Silk production
Some moths are farmed. The most important of these is the silkworm. It is farmed for the silk with which it builds its cocoon. The silk industry produces over 130 million kilograms of raw silk, worth about 250 million U.S. dollars, each year. Not all silk is produced by Bombyx mori. There are several species of Saturniidae that also are farmed for their silk, such as the Ailanthus moth (Samia cynthia group of species), the Chinese oak silkmoth (Antheraea pernyi), the Assam silkmoth (Antheraea assamensis), and the Japanese silk moth (Antheraea yamamai).

Attraction to light
Moths will fly around bright objects, and appear to be attracted to light. Most scientists think that this is because moths use the light of the moon to help them fly in a straight line. The light from lamps confuses the moths.

Night-blooming flowers usually depend on moths (or bats) to pollinate them, and artificial lighting can draw moths away from the flowers, hurting the plant's ability to reproduce.

Pollination

Moths usually pollinate night-blooming flowers because they are nocturnal (they rest during the day and come out at night). A moth uses its proboscis to collect nectar just like a butterfly does. However, moths do not always land on the flower to get the nectar: they often hover near the flower and flap their wings hard while they sip the nectar. Because of this, moth-pollinated flowers do not need a landing pad. In fact, some moth-pollinated flowers point downward, like the yucca flowers.

Predators and parasites

Nocturnal insectivores often feed on moths. Many bats, and some species of owls and some other birds eat moths. Moths are also a minor part of the diet of some lizards, cats, dogs, rodents, and some bears. Moth larvae are eaten by many birds, and are also vulnerable to parasitism by ichneumon wasps.

Many adult moths and larvae are protected by noxious substances eaten by the caterpillars. They advertise their foul taste in various ways. Warning colouration is visible by day, and some adult moths emit clicks which bats learn are warning signals.

Baculoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses which parasitize insects. They are often used as biological control agents. They are members of the Baculoviridae, a family that is restricted to insects.

There is evidence that ultrasound in the range emitted by bats causes flying moths to make evasive manoeuvers because bats eat moths. Ultrasonic frequencies trigger a reflex action in the noctuid moth that cause it to drop a few inches in its flight to evade attack. Tiger moths also emit clicks which foil bats' echolocation.

Notable moth species
Large and dramatic Moth species include:
Death's-head Hawkmoth Acherontia sp.
Luna Moth Actias luna
Atlas moth Attacus atlas The largest moth in the world
Emperor Gum Moth Opodiphthera eucalypti
Polyphemus Moth Antheraea polyphemus

Moths that are of economic significance include:
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar
Cotton bollworm or corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, a major agricultural pest
Codling moth Cydia pomonella, a pest mostly of apple, pear and walnut trees
Light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana
The silkworm Bombyx mori is the larva of a moth.

Other notable moths:
The Peppered moth, Biston betularia, is the subject of research into Peppered moth evolution.

Related pages
Differences between butterflies and moths

References

Moth


Brad Terrence Jordan (born November 9, 1970 in Houston, Texas), known by his stage name, Scarface, is an American rapper. He is best known as being a member of the rap group, Geto Boys. Scarface also appears in the video games Def Jam Vendetta and Def Jam: Fight for NY. He is cited as being an influence to many different rappers.

Discography

Albums
Scarface has released 12 studio albums:

Websites
Scarface at Myspace

Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:Muslims
Category:American rap musicians
Category:Singers from Houston, Texas

Scarface (rapper)


Rosenbad is a government building in central Stockholm in Sweden, precinct of Norrmalm. The building is owned by the state of Sweden, and is the seat of the Swedish government.

Other websites

Category:Government buildings
Category:Government of Sweden
Category:Stockholm

Rosenbad


Chierry is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Aisne

Chierry


Parlour (or parlor), comes from the French word parloir, from parler, which means "to speak". The parlour is a room in a house where people could meet. In Turkey it is called a kiosk. The Bible (Judges 3:20), talks about the "summer parlour", a small room built on the roof of the house, with open windows to catch the breeze. It has a door to the outside by which visitors can enter.

In parts of Great Britain and the United States, parlour is a common name for certain types of restaurants such as "ice cream parlour" and "pizza parlour". There are also "Beer parlors", wine parlors, or, in at least one case, a "spaghetti parlor." The word parlour has even been used to describe a coffee shop as the "coffee parlor." It can also mean a special service business, such as a tattoo parlour.

The "inner parlours" in 1 Chronicles 28:11 in the Bible were the small rooms or chambers which Solomon built all round two sides and one end of the Temple (1 Kings 6:5). Some people think the inner parlours may have been the porch and the holy place.

In medieval Christian usage, the parlour was one of two rooms in a monastery. The 'outer parlour' was the room where the monks or nuns could meet a visitor and do business with people from outside the monastery. It was generally in the west range of the buildings of the cloister, close to the main entrance. The 'inner parlour' was found off the cloister, next to the chapter house in the east range of the monastery. Most religious orders wanted silence in the cloister, which was the place where the monks studied. The inner parlour was a place where the monks could talk without disturbing the others in the cloister.

In modern use, the parlour is a formal sitting room in a large house or mansion. In the late 19th century, it was often a formal room used only on Sundays or special occasions, and closed during the week. The family kept their best furniture, works of art and other things on display in the parlour. The body of someone who died would be put on show in the parlour while funeral was being organized. During the 20th century, architects and decorators have changed the use of the room. In most homes the parlour has been replaced by the living room.

References

Other websites
 Victorian Parlour, Oxford, Ohio
 Interior of Mt. Auburn, Cincinnati parlour in 1886

Category:Rooms

Parlour


Mitchell James Langerak (General Australian pronunciation: , ; born 22 August 1988) is an Australian footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for the German Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart.

References

Other websites

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Queensland

Mitchell Langerak


Hurricane Tomas was the nineteenth storm and twelfth hurricane of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. Winds peaked at 100 mph. Tomas cut across the Eastern Caribbean and took 65 lives (mostly across Cuba and Hispaniola). The damage totaled $652 million. The name Tomas was then retired and replaced with Tobias, which will be used during 2016 season.

Category:Hurricanes
Category:2010 in weather
Category:2010 in North America
Category:2010s in Cuba

Hurricane Tomas


Jordan national football team is the national football team of Jordan.

References

Category:National football teams
Category:Sport in Jordan

Jordan national football team


"Blank Space" is a 2014 song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song is about the way the media sees Swift and her relationships. The song is an electropop single.  It has been compared to New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde's musical style.

"Blank Space" was released on November 10, 2014. It received positive reviews from music critics. It reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100, which made it become her second number-one single from 1989 (after "Shake It Off") and her third number-one single overall.

References

Category:2014 songs
Category:Borderline personality disorder in fiction
Category:Pop songs
Category:Taylor Swift songs

Blank Space


Stopping power is a way to measure how powerful a firearm is. Stopping power is a measure of how quickly the gun kills an animal, for instance. Many large animals are not killed after being shot with an ordinary gun and can do damage before they die. Elephant guns, which have much more stopping power, are used to kill the large animal quickly.

Category:Firearms

Stopping power


In computer science, a for-loop (or “for loop”) is used to run specified lines of code repeatedly. In different languages, there are different keywords to specify this statement—ways to identify a for loop—but they all do the same task. Most languages use either “for” or “do” as keywords.

A for-loop has two parts: a header, and a body of code. The body consists of a set of instructions (lines of code) that run for each repetition of the loop. The header often declares how many loops to compete, generally indicated by either a loop counter or a loop variable. For-loops are typically used when the number of repetitions are known. For-loops are similar to “while-loops”, but usually have a known number of repetitions.

Sample for-loop in Python:

for i in range(10):

print('Hello, world!')

This for loop prints outs "Hello, world!" ten times.

The name for-loop comes from the English word for, which is the direct translation of the earlier German für, used by Heinz Rutishauser, who also helped define ALGOL 58 and 60.

Loop Counter
In computer science, a loop counter is a variable that controls how many repetitions the loop will do. Usually, the loop counter variable is an integer value that increments by 1 for each completed loop. However, loop counters can also decrement, and can have step sizes other than 1.

Loop counters change each iteration. With each repeat, there is unique counter value. The loop counter is the deciding factor for when a loop should end and go onto the next section of code.

Common identifier names for loop counters are i, j, and k(and so on, if needed).

for loop
A for-loop is available in most common programming languages. While for-loops in different languages will all fulfill the same task, there are differences on how each programming language deals with for loops.

Category:Computer science

For loop


The Iranian calendar  also known as Persian calendar or the Jalāli Calendar is a solar calendar. It is currently used in Iran and Afghanistan. It is observation-based, rather than rule-based. Each year starts on the vernal equinox as precisely determined by astronomical observations from Tehran (or the 52.5°E meridian, which also defines IRST) and Kabul. This makes it more accurate than the Gregorian Calendar.

The current Iranian Calendar year is 1397 AP (AP = Anno Persico/Anno Persarum = Persian year).

Other websites
 An online Persian/Gregorian date convertor, Persian calendar for mobile (j2me)

Category:Calendars

Persian calendar


Montmirail can be one of the following:

 Montmirail, in the Marne département
 Montmirail, in the Sarthe département

Montmirail


Minar-e-Pakistan (; Mīnār-ĕ Pākistān or Yadgaar-e-Pakistan) is a tall minaret in Iqbal Park Lahore, built in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution.

Other websites

Category:Buildings and structures in Pakistan
Category:National symbols of Pakistan
Category:Pakistani culture
Category:Lahore

Minar-e-Pakistan


Shirak is a province of Armenia.  It is in the north-west of the country.  It borders Turkey in the west and Georgia in the north.  The capital is Gyumri. Shirak is known as the homeland of khash. Shirak is served by Shirak International Airport near Gyumri.

There are 3 urban communities and 116 rural.

References

Category:Provinces of Armenia

Shirak Province


James Oswald Fairfax (27 March 1933 – 11 January 2017) was an Australian company director and philanthropist. He was a member of the Fairfax family, an Australian family in the newspaper publisher industry. He became a director of John Fairfax & Sons Ltd in 1957 and took over from his father in 1977. He resigned in 1987 and sold his shares to his half brother Warwick Fairfax, during 'young Warwick's' ultimately disastrous takeover bid.

Fairfax was born in Sydney. He studied at Cranbrook School, Geelong Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford.

Fairfax published a memoir in 1991. He died on 11 January 2017 in Sydney at the age of 83.

References

Category:1933 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Australian business people
Category:Philanthropists
Category:People from Sydney

James Fairfax


Carlos Fernández Gondín (1 July 1938 – 7 January 2017) was a Cuban politician. He was born in Santiago de Cuba. He served as the Minister of the Interior of Cuba from 2015 until his death in 2017 during the Raul Castro presidency.

In 2015, he suffered a stroke. He died in Havana from complications of a chronic condition on 7 January 2017, aged 78.

References

Category:1938 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Cuban politicians

Carlos Fernández Gondín


Oelwein is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Category:Cities in Iowa

Oelwein, Iowa


The Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus) is a species of armadillo endemic to Brazil. It is one of two species which can roll into a ball. The other is the Southern three-banded armadillo. It is the most rare species of armadillo: most live in the region called Caatinga, in north-east Brazil. Until the 1990s, the species was thought to be extinct, now it is classified as vulnerable.

References

Category:Xenarthrans

Brazilian three-banded armadillo


Mescaline' (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a chemical substance. It occurs naturally in some cactuses, like the Peyote cactus,the Peruvian Torch cactus or the San Pedro cactus. Small amounts of it can also be found in certain members of the Fabaceae (bean) family, like Acacia berlandieri.

The chemical can cause hallucinations. In has been used as a drug in Native American religious ceremonies. It is illegal in many countries. Some people use it as an illegal drug.

Category:Illegal drugs

Mescaline


Tang Enbo (1898-1959) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China. Along with Hu Zongnan and Xue Yue, Tang was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Related pages
Operation Ichi-Go

Category:1898 births
Category:1959 deaths
Category:Chinese generals

Tang Enbo


Jon Meade Huntsman Sr. (June 21, 1937 – February 2, 2018) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder and executive chairman of Huntsman Corporation, a global manufacturer and marketer of specialty chemicals. Huntsman plastics are used in a wide variety of familiar objects, including (formerly) McDonald's clamshell burger containers.

From 1971 to 1972, he was the White House Staff Secretary during the Richard Nixon presidency.

Huntsman Sr. died of prostate cancer in Salt Lake City, Utah on February 2, 2018 at the age of 80.

References

Category:1937 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from prostate cancer
Category:American philanthropists
Category:Business people from Idaho
Category:Business people from Utah
Category:Politicians from Idaho
Category:Politicians from Utah

Jon Huntsman Sr.


Birchanger is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 987 people living in Birchanger.

References

Category:Uttlesford
Category:Villages in Essex
Category:Civil parishes in Essex

Birchanger


Brownfield is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Terry County.

Category:Cities in Texas
Category:County seats in Texas

Brownfield, Texas


A value (or principle) usually means an abstract rule, one that can be seen to apply in many experiences, or can be applied by choice in a lot of situations. It can also mean a moral choice one makes often and consistently, for example, some Buddhists avoid eating meat as a matter of principle.

Many groups of people agree on lists of principles. They may also try to agree on the order in which they are to apply, that is, which principles should be violated before which other ones. They might also try to list best practices which reflect the principles in the right order, and provide more practical (less abstract) instruction.

Category:Culture

Value (personal and cultural)


Singapore Standard Time (abbreviation: SST; ) or Singapore Time (abbreviation: SIN; ) is the time zone used in Singapore, 8 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+08:00).

History
Singapore is situated 103° 51' 16" East of Greenwich and lies within the UTC+07:00 time zone. Before 31 May 1905, the local time was UTC+06:55:25 ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

During World War II, when the Japanese occupied Singapore, UTC+09:00 was used, to follow Japan time, while UTC+07:20 and UTC+07:30 were used for daylight saving time. When Peninsular Malaysia moved its standard time 30 minutes ahead from UTC+07:30 to UTC+08:00 on 31 December 1981, Singapore shifted too.

The city state started using UTC+08:00 on 1 January 1982 and the country celebrated New Year's Day half an hour earlier.

Other websites
 Why is Singapore in the "Wrong" Time Zone?
Singapore Standard Time
 National Metrology Centre

Singapore
Category:Singapore

Singapore Standard Time


Chexbres is a municipality in Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Category:Municipalities of Vaud

Chexbres


The Province of Avellino () is a province in the Campania region of Italy.

Category:Provinces of Campania

Province of Avellino


École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the PSL Reseach University (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Mines ParisTech (Centralien Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD
 Mastères Spécialisés
 Massive Online Open Course

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Mines ParisTech.

Admission
Admission to the Mines ParisTech engineering Programme implemented at Mines ParisTech is possible after two/three year scientific undergraduate studies.

The Mines ParisTech Programme typically lasts three years and results in a master's degree, augmented with international experience. Thus undergraduate studies + the Mines Programme account for more than a cumulated 300 ECTS credits as applicable in the European education system.

Research labs
Research activities at Mines ParisTech relate to the following topics:
Earth sciences and environment
Energy and processes
Mechanical and Materials engineering
Mathematics and systems
Economics, management, society

Notable graduates
 Luc Oursel, French businessman
 Alain Poher, French politician

References

Further reading

 Official website

Category:Technical colleges and universities
Category:Colleges and universities in France
Category:1783 establishments
Category:Paris
Category:18th century establishments in France
Category:1780s establishments in Europe


Janet Benshoof (May 10, 1947 – December 18, 2017) was an American human rights activist and lawyer. She was born in Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. She was the President and Founder of the Global Justice Center. She founded the Center for Reproductive Rights, the world's first international human rights organization focused on reproductive choice and equality.

Benshoof died of uterine cancer on December 18, 2017 in Manhattan, New York at the age of 70.

References

Category:1947 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from uterine cancer
Category:Cancer deaths in New York City
Category:American human rights activists
Category:American lawyers
Category:People from Minnesota

Janet Benshoof


Ali Saidi-Sief (born March 15, 1978 in Constantine) is an Algerian Olympic runner.  His speciality is the 1500 m race.  He won a silver medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics for the 5000 m.

Saidi-Sief received a two-year suspension from the International Association of Athletics Federations.  He failed a urine test at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton, Canada.  He tested positive for nandrolone, a banned performance-enhancing steroid.

References

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Algerian Olympic medalists
Category:Olympic silver medalists

Ali Saïdi-Sief


The Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) is a small songbird of the order Passeriformes. Its family is Parulidae. The ovenbird was named after its domed nest with a side entrance, which looks like an oven. This migratory bird is found in eastern North America and winters in Central America, many Caribbean Islands, Florida, and northern Venezuela. The ovenbird walks, unlike most other members of its family, which hop.

References

Category:Passeriformes

Ovenbird


The Morant Bay rebellion began on October 11, 1865, when Paul Bogle led 200 to 300 black men and women into the town of Morant Bay, parish of St. Thomas in the East, Jamaica. The rebellion and its aftermath were a major turning point in Jamaica's history, and also generated a significant political debate in Britain. Today, the rebellion remains controversial, and is frequently mentioned by specialists in black and in colonial studies.

Slavery ended in Jamaica on August 1, 1834, with the passing of the British Emancipation Act, which led to emancipation on 1 August 1838 – the date on which former slaves became free to choose their employment and employer.

Category:History of Jamaica
Category:Rebellions in North America
Category:19th century rebellions
Category:Slave rebellions
Category:1865 in North America

Morant Bay rebellion


A Deposit Account is an account at a bank where money can be put in or taken out by whoever owns the account. Each time money is moved, it is recorded in the bank's books. Some banks charge a fee for this, others may pay the customers interest.

Other websites
 Deposit account definition and explanations in simple terms

Category:Banks

Deposit account


Jupiter Hammon was a black slave and was one of the first published African American authors.

Jupiter Hammon


Biloxi () is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, in the United States. The 2000 census recorded the population as 50,644. Biloxi is co–county seat with the larger city Gulfport, in the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi Combined Statistical Area.

The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico.

Other websites

 Official web page
 Photographs of Hurricane Katrina's destruction on Mississippi's Gulf Coast from davidmetraux.com
 History of Biloxi's Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
The Sun-Herald

Category:County seats in Mississippi
Category:Cities in Mississippi
Category:1830s establishments in Mississippi
Category:1838 establishments in the United States

Biloxi, Mississippi


Sumter County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,763. The county seat is Livingston. The name is in honor of General Thomas Sumter of South Carolina.

Sumter County was founded on December 18, 1832.

Bordering counties
 Pickens County (north)
 Greene County (northeast)
 Marengo County (southeast)
 Choctaw County (south)
 Lauderdale County, Mississippi (southwest)
 Kemper County, Mississippi (west)
 Noxubee County, Mississippi (northwest)

Communities

Cities
 Livingston (county seat)
 York

Towns
 Cuba
 Emelle
 Epes
 Gainesville
 Geiger

Census-designated places
 Bellamy
 Panola

Unincorporated communities
 Intercourse
 Ward
 Warsaw

References

Category:1832 establishments in Alabama
Category:Alabama counties

Sumter County, Alabama


Energy is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Category:Villages in Illinois

Energy, Illinois


Joutseno is a former town and municipality of Finland. It is now part of Lappeenranta. Joutseno had a population of 10,821 in 2004. It covers an area of , of which about  is water.

Other websites

Category:Towns in Finland
Category:Former municipalities of Finland

Joutseno


Boone County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Lebanon.

Cities
Lebanon

Towns
Advance
Jamestown
Thorntown
Ulen
Whitestown
Zionsville

References

Category:Indiana counties
Category:1830 establishments in Indiana

Boone County, Indiana


Kurt Vogel Russell (born March 17, 1951) is an American actor. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts to actor Bing Russell (1926-2003) and Louise (née Crone). Russell has lived with Goldie Hawn since 1983.

Other websites

Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Massachusetts
Category:American child actors
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:Movie producers from Massachusetts
Category:People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Category:Screenwriters from Massachusetts

Kurt Russell


Moulting (or molting) is the manner in which an animal routinely casts off part of its body (usually the outer layer or covering) at particular times of year, or at specific points in its life cycle.  Moulting is also known as sloughing, shedding, or for some species, ecdysis.

Moulting can involve the epidermis (skin), and hair, fur, wool, or other external layer. In some species, other body parts may be shed, for example, wings in some insects. Examples include old feathers in birds, old hairs in mammals (especially dogs and other canidae), old skin in reptiles, and the entire exoskeleton in arthropods.

Examples

Ecdysis
In arthropods, such as insects, arachnids and crustaceans, moulting is the shedding of the exoskeleton (or shell).

This process of moulting is called ecdysis. It is the defining feature of a whole group of invertebrates, the clade Ecdysozoa. This group includes the arthropods, nematodes, velvet worms, horsehair worms, rotifers, tardigrades and Cephalorhyncha. Since the cuticles of these animals often forms an inelastic exoskeleton, it is shed during growth and a new, larger covering is formed. Amongst fossils, trilobites and eurypterida used ecdysis.

Ecdysis is part of the whole process of metamorphosis. The different stages (called 'instars') and the development of new 'apparatus' (such as sense organs) is necessary as the creature moves from one form to another. The new exoskeleton is initially soft but hardens after the moulting of the old exoskeleton.

References

Category:Developmental biology
Category:Invertebrates

Moulting


Bossa Nova Baby is a rock n roll song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. on 22 January 1963 it was recorded by Elvis Presley. The album that included the song was Fun in Acapulco.

The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 1963 it hit #20 on the Billboard R&B Singles chart.

References

Category:Elvis Presley songs
Category:1963 songs

Bossa Nova Baby


is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kawasaki Frontale. He has played for the Japanese national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="5"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||27||3||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||36||3
|-
|1998||28||6||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||33||6
|-
|1999||22||1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|2000||28||4||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||34||5
|-
|2001||13||2||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2

|-
|2001/02||Arsenal||Premier League||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0||4||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Fulham||rowspan="2"|Premier League||19||2||2||0||2||0||6||0||29||2
|-
|2003/04||22||2||2||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||25||3
|-
|2004/05||West Bromwich Albion||Premier League||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2004/05||Cardiff City||League Championship||14||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|West Bromwich Albion||Premier League||22||0||2||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|-
|2006/07||League Championship||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0

|-
|2006/07||Galatasaray||Süper Lig||25||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||33||1

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Eintracht Frankfurt||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||24||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2008/09||19||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||0

|-
|2009/10||Stade Rennais||Ligue 1||5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0

|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||28||0||2||0||4||0||5||0||39||0
|-
|2011||12||2||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||2
|-
|2012||||||||||||||||||||
158||18||11||0||22||1||5||0||196||19
83||4||8||1||7||1||8||0||106||6
25||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||33||1
43||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||51||1
5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
314||22||25||1||29||2||23||2||391||27
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||14||0
|-
|2001||11||1
|-
|2002||10||2
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||10||0
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
|2008||2||0
|-
|2009||4||1
|-
|2010||8||0
|-
!Total||82||5
|}

References

 Japan Football Association
 Japan National Football Team Database
 National Football Teams

Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Osaka Prefecture

Junichi Inamoto


William Warren Bush (born November 7, 1935) is an American actor, usually credited as Billy "Green" Bush and sometimes as Billy Greenbush.

His movie roles include The Savage Seven (1968), Five Easy Pieces (1970), Monte Walsh (1970), The Jesus Trip (1971), The Organization (1971), Welcome Home, Soldier Boys (1972), The Culpepper Cattle Co. (1972), 40 Carats (1973), Electra Glide in Blue (1973), Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Mackintosh and T.J. (1975), The Call of the Wild (1976), The Beasts Are on the Streets (1978), The Jericho Mile (1979), Tom Horn (1980), The River (1984), The Hitcher (1986), Critters (1986), Rampage (1987) and Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday (1993).

References

Other websites

 Billy Green Bush at Rotten Tomatoes
 Wm. Green Bush at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection

Category:1935 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:Actors from Montgomery, Alabama

Billy Green Bush


Courtemanche is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.

Category:Communes in Somme

Courtemanche


Switchfoot is an American alternative rock band from San Diego, California.

Switchfoot was formed in 1996 by lead singer Jon Foreman, his brother Tim and Chad Butler. They originally named the band Chin Up. The band was signed to Re:think Records by Charlie Peacock.

The band released their debut album The Legend of Chin on June 17, 1997. Their second studio album New Way to Be Human was released on March 11, 1999. Their third album Learning to Breathe was released on September 26, 2000 and received a Grammy nomination in 2001 for Best Rock Gospel Album. On February 25, 2003, they released their third album The Beautiful Letdown. Nothing Is Sound was released on September 13, 2005 and Oh! Gravity. was released on December 26, 2006 in North America and January 1, 2007 in the United Kingdom. Their newest album Vice Verses was released on September 27, 2011.

They are currently working on their ninth studio album Fading West which is scheduled to be released on January 14, 2014. The album is also accompanied with a documentary of the same name by the band. The movie was shown during the first concert they performed of their Fading West Tour, and it was released digitally on December 10, 2013.

Band members
Current
Jon Foreman – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1996–present)
Tim Foreman – bass (1996–present)
Chad Butler – drums (1996–present)
Jerome Fontamillas – rhythm guitar, keyboard (2003–present)
Drew Shirley – lead guitar (2005–present)

Discography

Albums
The Legend of Chin (1997)
New Way to Be Human (1999)Learning to Breathe (2000)
The Beautiful Letdown (2003)Nothing Is Sound (2005)
Oh! Gravity. (2006)Hello Hurricane (2009)
Vice Verses (2011)Fading West (2014)

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:1996 establishments in California
Category:1990s music groups
Category:2000s music groups
Category:2010s music groups
Category:Alternative rock bands
Category:American hard rock bands
Category:Christian rock bands
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Musical groups from San Diego, California
Category:Post-grunge bands

Switchfoot


Iván Hurtado (born 16 August 1974) is an Ecuadorian football player. He plays for Deportivo Quito and Ecuador national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Emelec||rowspan="4"|Serie A||28||1
|-
|1993||13||2
|-
|1994||37||5
|-
|1995||24||2

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Celaya||rowspan="4"|Primera División||16||1
|-
|1996/97||29||0
|-
|1997/98||31||0
|-
|1998/99||13||1
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="3"|Universitario Nuevo León||rowspan="3"|Primera División||14||0
|-
|1999/00||34||0
|-
|2000/01||31||0

|-
|2001||Emelec||Serie A||18||0

|-
|2001/02||Querétaro||Primera División||14||1

|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|Serie A||22||0
|-
|2003||35||2

|-
|2003/04||Real Murcia||La Liga||15||0

|-
|2004/05||Pachuca||Primera División||26||0

|-
|2005/06||Al-Arabi Doha||Stars League||13||3
|-
|2006/07||Al-Ahli Doha||Stars League||0||0

|-
|2007||Atlético Nacional||Professional Football||38||1

|-
|2008||Barcelona||Serie A||17||0

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Los Millonarios||rowspan="2"|Professional Football||11||1
|-
|2009||15||1

|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Deportivo Quito||rowspan="2"|Serie A||17||0
|-
|2010||||
211||12
208||3
15||0
13||3
64||3
511||21
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||5||1
|-
|1993||13||0
|-
|1994||1||0
|-
|1995||10||1
|-
|1996||7||0
|-
|1997||10||1
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||12||0
|-
|2000||11||0
|-
|2001||14||0
|-
|2002||14||1
|-
|2003||10||1
|-
|2004||11||0
|-
|2005||9||0
|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||12||0
|-
|2008||11||0
|-
|2009||8||0
|-
!Total||165||5
|}

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ecuadorian footballers
Category:People from Quito

Iván Hurtado


Mölnlycke is an urban area in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Härryda Municipality. Parts of the urban area are located within Mölndal Municipality.

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County

Mölnlycke


Joseph Beete Jukes (1811-1869) was a famous English geologist. He wrote of several geological manuals, and served as a naturalist on the trips of the ship H.M.S Fly. He was  born to John and Sophia Jukes in Birmingham, England

Category:1811 births
Category:1869 deaths
Category:English geologists
Category:People from Birmingham

Joseph Jukes


Yasothon is a town in the Isan region of Thailand. It is far from Bangkok about 500 km. In the village people grow rice and houseplants. The weather is very hot in the summer (more than other provinces) and the famous festival is Bang Fai Rocket Festival. This festival is really beautiful, every year the visitor from all over the country come to visit this festival. The festival features large home-made rockets, fireworks displays, parades and beauty contests. Normally people have created the rockets for launched in to the sky; they believe that the god will send the planting season.

From Yasothon city of nearby province are Mukdahan, Nakhonpanom, Rio Et, Sisakat and Ubom Ratchathani.

References

Category:Towns in Thailand
Category:1811 establishments
Category:Establishments in Thailand
Category:1810s establishments in Asia

Yasothon


Kehal Urban is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the west of the district.

References

Category:Union Councils of Abbottabad District

Kehal Urban


Aldus Pius Manutius (ca. 1452 – February 6, 1515) was a person who printed books in Venice, Italy during the Italian Renaissance. He started a company to print books called the Aldine Press in 1494. He was one of the first people to use modern printing ideas. He also printed small books that were easy to carry.

Early life and printing press

Manutius was born in Bassiano, in the Papal States, in what is now the province of Latina, about 100 km south of Rome. He was born during the Italian Renaissance period. His family was well off, and in the early 1470s Manutius was sent to Rome to be taught as a scholar of human society and culture. He studied Latin under Gaspare da Verona and was also taught by Domizio Calderini. In 1475–1478 he studied Greek in Ferrara, under Guarino da Verona.

Manutius became a citizen of the town Carpi in March 1480. In 1482 he went to live in Mirandola with his old friend and fellow student, Giovanni Pico, while staying away from the Venetian army. He lived there for two years, learning about Greek literature. Before Pico moved to Florence, he made Manutius the teacher to his sister's sons, Alberto and Leonello Pio, who were young royal sons of the town of Carpi. In Carpi, Manutius grew close with his student, Alberto Pio. At the end of the 1480s Manutius created two works addressed to his two students and their mother, Caterina Pico. Both works were printed by Baptista de Tortis in Venice — Musarum panagyris with its Epistola Catherinae Piae, March/May 1487 – March 1491 and the Paraenesis, 1490. This would serve as Manutius's start in publishing.

Aldine Press
In 1494 Manutius made the Aldine Press in Venice. The Aldine Press printed its first material in February 1495. Pier Francesco Barbarigo owned half of the Aldine Press. Andrea Torresani owned the other half. Manutius shared part of what Torresani owned with him. Aldus Manutius wanted to save ancient Greek literature. He wanted to make it so that everybody could read what the Greeks had written a very long time ago. He did this by printing copies of things they had written. He wanted to make the letters he used in printing to look like the handwriting of Latin and Greek humanists. People in Venice usually wrote in curly connected letters. Printing presses only used square looking letters back then. By making letters that were all connected and curly, Manutius could make the things he printed more personal. Manutius paid Francesco Griffo of Bologna to make the new letters used in the printing press. The letters that Griffo made were used to print Cardinal Pietro Bembo's De Aetna in 1495. These letters were also the first model of italic type. The letters were used until 1501.

References

Category:1515 deaths

Aldus Manutius


Guaratinguetá Futebol Ltda., known simply as Guaratinguetá, is a Brazilian football club from Guaratinguetá, São Paulo state.

Achievements

 Campeonato Paulista do Interior:
 Winners (1): 2007

Category:Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
Category:1998 establishments
Category:1990s establishments in Brazil

Guaratinguetá Futebol


Le Bény-Bocage is a former commune. It is in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

References

Category:Former communes in Calvados

Le Bény-Bocage


The Lumière brothers (, ; ), Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas (; 19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and Louis Jean (; 5 October 1864 – 7 June 1948), were the first filmmakers in history.

Movies
La Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon (literally, "the exit from the Lumière factory in Lyon", or, under its more common English title, Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory), 46 seconds
Le Jardinier (l'Arroseur Arrosé) ("The Gardener", or "The Sprinkler Sprinkled"), 49 seconds
Le Débarquement du congrès de photographie à Lyon ("the disembarkment of the Congress of Photographers in Lyon"), 48 seconds
La Voltige ("Horse Trick Riders"), 46 seconds
La Pêche aux poissons rouges ("fishing for goldfish"), 42 seconds
Les Forgerons ("Blacksmiths"), 49 seconds
Repas de bébé ("Baby's Breakfast" (lit. "baby's meal")), 41 seconds
Le Saut à la couverture ("Jumping Onto the Blanket"), 41 seconds
La Places des Cordeliers à Lyon ("Cordeliers Square in Lyon"—a street scene), 44 seconds
La Mer (Baignade en mer) ("the sea [bathing in the sea]"), 38 seconds

References

Category:1862 births
Category:1864 births
Category:1948 deaths
Category:1954 deaths
Category:Duos
Category:Inventors
Category:French movie directors

Auguste and Louis Lumière


Northern India, also known as Hindustan, is a land and cultural region of India. In traditional Indian geography, India is pieced into five major zones: North India, North-east India, East India, West India and South India.

As a linguistic-cultural and political region, North India consists of six Indian states: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan also The National Capital Territory of Delhi is also a part of northern India. It shares some of its cultural, historical, musical, and linguistic heritage with neighboring Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, which was part of British India empire prior to the 1947 Independence. The North Indian Plain is a large part of it.

Related pages
Church of North India

Other websites
 Ampur: A Virtual Village
 More Info about Northern India
 North India - New Delhi (Capital) City Guide

Category:Regions of India

North India


Aesculus indica (or the Indian or Himalayan Horse Chestnut) is a tree. It grows to about  with a spread of about . It best grows in -15°C (5°F), USDA zones 7-9. It is in flower from June to July. The seeds ripen in October. The flowers are hermaphroditic. There are many white blossoms during May and June. The plant is pollinated by bees. Its leaves are 10–20 cm long by 2–6 cm wide. The mature tree forms a round canopy.

References

Category:Plants and animals of Kashmir
Category:Sapindaceae

Aesculus indica


The coat of arms of Turkmenistan was created after Turkmenistan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The eight-point green starburst (known as the star of Rub El Hizb (۞), a symbol of Islam, to which a majority of Turkmen profess) with golden edges features in its center a red circular disc which carries sheaves of wheat, five carpet guls, and centered upon that a smaller blue circle with a lifelike (rather than heraldized) depiction of an Akhal-Teke horse, a source of pride for the Turkmen people. A variant of the emblem, which included different colors and rounded, was used from 1992 until 2003.

The five traditional carpet motifs on the red disc represent the five major tribes or houses, and stand for the traditional and religious values of the country. These Turkmen tribes in traditional order are Teke (Tekke), Yomut (Yomud), Arsary (Ersary), Chowdur (Choudur), and Saryk (Saryq). The Salyr (Salor), a tribe that declined as a result of military defeat before the modern period, are not represented, nor are several smaller tribes or subtribes.

The green and red colors appear in this shield because they have been venerated historically by the Turkmen. The central elements are surrounded by sheaves of wheat that allude to the custom to welcome to guests with salt and bread. Atop the wheat and the red circle appear a waxing crescent moon of white, typical of Turkic symbology, and five five-pointed stars also of white. The waxing crescent moon symbolizes the hope of the country for a shining future and the stars represent the five provinces (Welayatlar) of Turkmenistan-Ahal, Balkan, Dashhowuz, Lebap, and Mary. Most of the elements of the coat of arms are present in the national flag.

Before independence from the USSR, Turkmenistan had a coat of arms similar to all other Soviet Republics. A single carpet gul, not matching any of the tribal patterns, was represented on the Coat of arms of the Turkmen SSR.

Related pages
 Flag of Turkmenistan

Category:Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan

Coat of Arms of Turkmenistan


Illmatic is the first studio album of American rapper Nas. It was released on April 19, 1994 by Columbia Records. Nas recorded the album during 1992 and 1993 in New York City. The producers were Nas, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S., and DJ Premier.

Nas raps about his life in Queensbridge, New York. Nas's lyricism features multi-syllabic internal rhyme patterns.

Illmatic received very good reviews from most music critics  upon its release. It earnt praise for its lyrical content, production, and Nas's lyricism. Over time, music critics have recognized it as one of the greatest hip hop albums.

Illmatic did not sell very well at the beginning. On January 17, 1996, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2001, it earned platinum certification after shipments of one million copies in the United States.

Songs

References

Category:Hip hop albums
Category:1994 albums

Illmatic


Western Armenia (), also referred to as Byzantine Armenia, later Turkish Armenia, or Ottoman Armenia is a term coined following the division of Greater Armenia between Byzantine Empire (Western Armenia) and Persia (Eastern Armenia) in 387 AC.

History
After the death of Armenian king Arshak III, in 390 AC, the Western Armenia was governed by Greek generals. In the 7th century Western Armenia was one of the centers of Pavlikian Christian popular sect. Since 9th century the most part of Western Armenia included Vaspurakan and Taron was under the rule of Bagratid dynasty of Armenia. Then the Zakarid Armenia of 13-14th centuries included some parts of Western Armenia.

After Turkish-Persian wars of 1602-1639 Western Armenia became part of Ottoman Empire. Since Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 that term is referred to the Armenian-populated historical regions of the Ottoman Empire that remained under Ottoman rule after the eastern part was ceded to the Russian Empire.

Western (Ottoman) Armenia was composed of six vilayets (vilâyat-ı sitte), the vilayets of Erzurum, Van, Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Kharput, and Sivas. After the collapse of Ottoman Empire Western Armenia remained under Turkish rule, and in 1894–96 and 1915 Turkey perpetrated systematic massacres and forced deportations of Armenians.

After the Armenian genocide the distinct Western Armenian dialect of the Armenian language (recognized as one of the major dialects of Armenian ) is spoken primarily in Istanbul, Lebanon, Egypt, other parts of Armenian diaspora, and formerly in eastern Turkey. It differs orthographically from Eastern Armenian, there are also phonological differences. In some parts of the diaspora, the Armenian schools, such as L'École Arménienne Sourp Hagop and the Armenian Sisters Academy instruct Western Armenian to the students, instead of Eastern Armenian, the official dialect of the Republic of Armenia.

Modern period
The fate of Western Armenia — commonly referred to as "The Armenian Question" — is considered as a key issue in the modern history of the Armenian people. The first and second congresses of Western Armenians took place in Yerevan in 1917 and 1919. Since 2000, an organizing committee of congress of heirs of Western Armenians who survived the Armenian Genocide is active in diasporan communities.

Publications
Dr Arman Kirakosian, English Policy towards Western Armenia and Public Opinion in Great Britain (1890-1900), Yerevan, 1981, 26 p. (in Armenian and Russian).

Related pages
Kingdom of Armenia
Armenian Highland
Wilsonian Armenia
Armenian Empire

References

Other websites
Disappearance of Western Armenia after World War 1
Video: Provinces of Western Armenia

Category:History of Armenia

Western Armenia