The sacrament of marriage in the Catholic Church is the marriage contract between two baptized persons of the opposite sex. Each person acquires the irrevocable and exclusive right over the body of the other for the purposes of procreation. Marriage ends with the death of either person. The sacrament of marriage is regulated by divine law, church law, and civil law. The Roman Catholic church does not perform or recognize same-sex marriages. Religions other than Roman Catholicism have different regulations and customs governing marriage.

References

Category:Roman Catholicism
marriage, Sacrament of
Category:Marriage

Sacrament of marriage


Dendron is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Category:Towns in Virginia

Dendron, Virginia


The 2016–17 First Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Първа професионална футболна лига 2016/17, Parva profesionalna futbolna liga 2016/17) was the 93rd season of top division football in Bulgaria. It was played from 29 July 2016 to 4 June 2017. Ludogorets Razgrad won the tournament. The top scorer was Claudiu Keșerü, with 22 goals.

Regular season

Championship round
Points and goals will carry over in full from the regular season.

Relegation round
Points and goals will carry over in full from the regular season.

Group A

Group B

Statistics

Top goalscorers

22 goals

  Claudiu Keșerü (Ludogorets Razgrad)

17 goals

  Martin Kamburov (Lokomotiv Plovdiv)

14 goals

  Marcelo Nascimento da Costa (Ludogorets Razgrad)

13 goals

  João Paulo da Silva Araújo (Ludogorets Razgrad and Botev Plovdiv)
  Wanderson Cristaldo Farias (Ludogorets Razgrad)

11 goals

  Todor Nedelev (Botev Plovdiv)
  Daniel Mladenov (Pirin Blagoevgrad)
  Junior Mapuku (Beroe Stara Zagora)

References

Other websites

First League (uefa.com)
bulgarian-football.com

Category:2016 in sports
Category:2017 in sports
Category:Football in Bulgaria

2016–17 First Professional Football League (Bulgaria)


São Gonçalo () is a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Its population (as of 2009) is 1,010,212 inhabitants, and it is the second most populous city in the state after the capital, Rio de Janeiro.

Statistics
Its population was 1,010,212 in 2009. The total area of the city is .
It is the second most populous city in the state after Rio de Janeiro, the capital of the state.

Geography

Climate
São Gonçalo has a tropical Atlantic climate, with rainy summers and relatively dry winters. The city has different temperatures at different times of the year. They can be up to  in summer and  during winter. Generally, the temperature is between the maximum of  and minimum .
But for most part of the year, i.e. from May to October, the temperature is milder because the climate is drier and less hot.

Demographics

São Gonçalo has a high population growth rate. 1,016,128 people live in the city, up from 960,631 in 2007. According to the 2012 census, the racial makeup of São Gonçalo includes: Whites (22.7%), Brown (54.1%), Black or African (20.2%), two or more races (3%) and Asian (0.02%). The non-Brazilian population was 3.5% (Paraguayan 2%, Bolivian 1%, Chinese 0.5%), which is a high number compared to other cities in Brazil. The same census said that São Gonçalo has a large amount of poverty. 31.5% of the population was officially living in poverty in 2012, down from 81% in 1990. People considered "Class A" were only 4.7% of the population.

Education
The Rio de Janeiro State Teachers' Training College (FFP-UERJ) stands out in the city. It is the largest teachers' college in Rio de Janeiro state. Its students are mostly residents from Sao Goncalo, but many come from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Itaboraí, and cities of the Baixada Fluminense region, among others. For many years, students from this campus have asked for a bus route to the Saint Mary UERJ Maracanã.

Health
São Gonçalo has the following hospitals: Hospital Estadual Alberto Torres; Eye Hospital Niteroi; Hospital Luiz Palmier; Hospital Adam Pereira Nunes; Barone Hospital de Medeiros; Silveira Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, Hospital Pads, Hospital Santa Maria.

Garbage collection crisis
São Gonçalo has poor garbage collection services. Garbage sometimes collects on the streets for this reason. In December 2008, waste collectors went on strike, which made the problem even worse. In January 2011, garbage collection stopped for more than a week in some parts of the city.

Notable residents
Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, founder of the Umbanda Branca religious sect, was born in São Gonçalo.

References

Other websites

Category:Rio de Janeiro (state)

São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro


Sangharakshita (born Dennis Philip Edward Lingwood, 26 August 1925 – 30 October 2018) was a British Buddhist teacher and writer. He was born in Tooting, London. He was the founder of the 10 precept Triratna Buddhist Community, which was known until 2010 as the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order, or FWBO.

He was one of the few westerners to be ordained as a Theravadin Bhikkhu in the period following World War II though he later left that tradition to study with other Buddhist teachers, including some from the Tibetan and Chan schools. He spent over 20 years in Asia, where he had a number of Tibetan Buddhist teachers.

He was known as "the founding father of Western Buddhism" due to his many publications, leadership of retreats, and contributions to awareness of Buddhism in the United Kingdom. He retired in 1995.

In 1997, The Guardian reported that Sangharakshita had made unwanted sexual advances to FWBO members in the 1970s and 1980s. Later, he publicly apologized and said any sexual relations he was involved in with his students had consent.

Sangharakshita died on October 30, 2018 from pneumonia caused by sepsis in Hereford, Herefordshire at the age of 93.

References

Category:1925 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from pneumonia
Category:Deaths from sepsis
Category:British educators
Category:Buddhists
Category:Writers from London

Sangharakshita


The Los Angeles Angels are a Major League Baseball team. They are based in Anaheim, California. They are a member of the West Division of Major League Baseball's American League. The "Angels" name is from the city that they came from: Los Angeles. "Los Angeles" is Spanish for "The Angels". They were previously known as the California Angels, the Anaheim Angels,  and the Los Angles Angels of Anaheim. They have won one World Series championship, which they won in 2002.

The Angels began playing in 1961. They were named for a former minor league baseball team called the Los Angeles Angels. The minor league Angels moved to another city when the Los Angeles Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958.

The Angels' home stadium is called Angel Stadium of Anaheim. It has been their home ballpark since 1966. From 1962 to 1965, they played in Chavez Ravine Stadium. During their first season (1961), they played in Wrigley Field in Los Angeles. That Wrigley Field was built by the same people that owned the much more famous Wrigley Field in Chicago.

Other websites

Los Angeles Angels Baseball-Reference.com
Angels Strike Force

Category:1961 establishments in the United States
Category:1960s establishments in California

Los Angeles Angels


Sharaf Khan Bidlisi (, 1543 - 1603), was a Kurdish prince and historian. In 1597 he wrote a book on Kurdish history, Sharafnama.

References

Category:Kurdish people
Category:1543 births
Category:1603 deaths
Category:Princes and princesses
Category:Historians

Sharaf Khan Bidlisi


The Volkswagen Fox is a small car made by the German company Volkswagen. It has four seats, four wheels and two doors. The car is similar in size to the Ford Ka.

Category:2000s automobiles
Category:2010s automobiles
Fox

Volkswagen Fox


Mai may refer to:

Mai, a Japanese female name
Mai Kuraki (born 1982), a J-pop singer
Mai Safoora, (died 1795), a Sufi Saint
Mai, a minor character from the television show Avatar: The Last Airbender
Mai Kanbe (born 2002), a brawler and guitarist
The translation of the month May in several European and other languages

Mai


Surfonds is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Category:Communes in Sarthe

Surfonds


Peter Edward "Ginger" Baker (19 August 1939 – 6 October 2019) was an English drummer. He was a founder of the rock band Cream. His work in the 1960s earned him the title of "rock's first superstar drummer". Baker is known for his musical genres jazz fusion, heavy metal and world music.

In 2013, Baker was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In September 2019, his family announced he was critically ill and asked fans to keep him in their prayers. While it was announced Baker was holding his own three days later; he eventually died on 6 October 2019 at the age of 80.

References

Category:1939 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Deaths from COPD
Category:English songwriters
Category:English rock drummers
Category:Writers from London
Category:Musicians from London

Ginger Baker


The Carpetbaggers is a 1964 American drama film directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the novel of the same name by Harold Robbins. It stars George Peppard, Alan Ladd, Bob Cummings, Elizabeth Ashley, Lew Ayers, Leif Erickson, Carroll Baker, Martha Hyer and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Steve McQueen appears in the 1966 prequel film Nevada Smith.

Other websites

Category:1964 movies
Category:1960s drama movies
Category:American drama movies

The Carpetbaggers


Leaf beetles are the  family Chrysomelidae. There are over 35,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, so it is one of the largest and most common of all beetle families. Many subfamilies are recognized.

Leaf beetles have a tarsal formula which appears to be 4-4-4, but is actually 5-5-5. Some are difficult to tell from long-horned beetles (family Cerambycidae): it is done by the antennae not arising from frontal tubercles.

Adult and larval leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue. Their diversity has run parallel with that of the Angiosperms. Many are serious pests of cultivated plants, for example the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), the asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi), the cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus), and various flea beetles. A few act as vectors of plant diseases. Others can be used as biocontrol of invasive weeds. Most Chrysomelidae are conspicuously coloured, often in glossy yellow to red or metallic blue-green hues. Some (especially Cassidinae) have spectacularly bizarre shapes. They are highly popular among insect collectors.

Classification
Selection of notable sub-families:
 Subfamily Bruchinae – includes the bean weevils or seed beetles. They feed on seeds, some even on toxic seeds.
 Subfamily Cassidinae – includes the tortoise beetles and prickly leaf beetles. A recent offshoot of the Hispanae.
 Subfamily Chrysomelinae – includes the broad-bodied leaf beetles. "They defend themselves with a pot-pourri of toxins".
 Subfamily Criocerinae – includes the asparagus beetles and lily beetles
 Subfamily Cryptocephalinae – includes  cylindrical leaf beetles and warty leaf beetle. "The larvae eat dead leaves and carry a protective case made of faecal and debris particles".
 Subfamily Donaciinae – includes the longhorned leaf beetles
 Subfamily Eumolpinae – includes the oval leaf beetles
 Subfamily Galerucinae – includes the flea beetles. The former subfamily Altricinae is included.
 Subfamily Hispanae – many are leaf miners.
 Subfamily Sagrinae – frog-legged beetles or kangaroo beetles, diverse in Australia. "They have spiny hind legs built like nutcrackers that grasp and impale attackers".

Phylogeny
Records from the Cretaceous period are scarce: only three records are known. An early Cretaceous origin from a more general form is suggested by Grimaldi and Engel. Then came an Upper Cretaceous divergence of Chrysolmelid sub-groups, and adaptive radiation connected to that of the flowering plants.

References

Leaf beetle


The Presidents' Trophy is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points in the league during the regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The winning team is also awarded $350,000 in cash bonuses. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 27 times to 15 different teams since first being awarded in 1985. The most recent winner is the Tampa Bay Lightning for the  NHL season.

History
The trophy was introduced at the start of the 1985–86 NHL season by the league's Board of Governors. Before the 1985–86 NHL season, the best team in the league during the regular season was allowed to hang a banner stating "NHL League Champions". The winning team is also awarded 350,000 Canadian dollars, to be shared between the team and its players. The Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage in all four rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs, provided the team goes that far, so it remains the most likely position to produce the cup winner.

From 1937 to 1968, the same rules now used for winning the Presidents' Trophy were used to award the Prince of Wales Trophy. With the Modern Era expansion in the 1967–68 season and the start of the West Division, the Wales Trophy was awarded to the team that finished in first place in the East Division during the regular season. However, no trophy was awarded to the team that finished with the best overall record in the league during this period, and no trophy at all was awarded from the 1981–82 season through the 1984–85 season; the Wales and Campbell trophies were transferred to the playoff champions of those conferences in 1981–82. A cash bonus was given to each player on the team with the league's best regular-season record during these years, to which the Presidents' Trophy was added in 1985–86.

The only teams to have won the Presidents' Trophy more than twice are the Detroit Red Wings with six and the Washington Capitals with three. However, the Montreal Canadiens have finished first overall 21 times, the most times in league history, although they have yet to win the Presidents' Trophy. Detroit is second with 18 first-overall finishes.

Winners

Bold Team with the most points ever accumulated in a season during the trophy's existence.

Related pages
 Stanley Cup

References
General

Specific

Category:National Hockey League trophies and awards

Presidents' Trophy


Denis Diderot (; 5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a known figure during the Enlightenment. He is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

Diderot died from pulmonary thrombosis in Paris, aged 70.

References

Other websites

Category:1713 births
Category:1784 deaths
Category:Critics
Category:Deaths from pulmonary thrombosis
Category:French atheists
Category:French philosophers
Category:French writers

Denis Diderot


Gösgen is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, found in the northeast of the canton.

Gösgen contains the following municipalities:

Category:Districts of Solothurn

Gösgen (district)


The Bretterspitze is a mountain in Tyrol, Austria. It is part of the Hornbach chain in the Allgäu Alps. The mountain is  high. It is next to the Gliegerkarspitze to the west and the Urbeleskarspitze to the northeast. The summit of the Bretterspitze is made of dolomite.

Other reading / maps
 Dieter Seibert: Alpine Club Guide, Allgäuer Alpen und Ammergauer Alpen alpin, 16th edn., 2004, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother,
 Alpine Club map 2/2 Allgäuer-Lechtaler Alpen – Ost 1:25,000 7th edn., 2002

Category:Allgäu Alps
Category:Mountains of Austria
Category:Tyrol (state)

Bretterspitze


Bandicoots are marsupials. There are about 20 species of bandicoots.

Bandicoots are omnivores. They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders. Despite what they look like, they are not related to rats. They live in parts of Australia. They are nocturnal. Bandicoots are endangered species. For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety.

There are different species of bandicoot including:
 Long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta

Category:Marsupials of Australia

Bandicoot


Saint Paul is a parish of Antigua and Barbuda on the island of Antigua. Fort Berkeley is located in Nelson’s Dockyard National Park.

Category:Parishes of Antigua and Barbuda

Saint Paul Parish, Antigua and Barbuda


Chambar, or Chamber, is a town of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the capital Chamber Taluka (a subdivision of the district). The town itself is subdivided into two Union Councils.

References

Category:Settlements in Sindh
Category:Tando Allahyar District

Chambar


Mark Juddery (c. 1971 – 13 January 2015) was an Australian freelance journalist, author, and columnist. His work has appeared in such newspapers as The Canberra Times, The Australian, and The Sydney Morning Herald. He also worked for magazines including The Bulletin, Empire, Inside Sport, Mad Magazine and Griffith Review. He also wrote the book Best. Times. Ever. (2014).

Juddery died from cancer on 13 January 2015 in Canberra. He was 43.

References

Other websites

Category:1970s births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Australian journalists
Category:Cancer deaths in Australia
Category:Columnists
Category:People from Canberra

Mark Juddery


The Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies (ISSAT) is the French name for the Institute of Space, its applications and technologies. Supported by French Ministry of Education, the organisation was created in 1995 to develop aerospace activities in Toulouse. It also helps promote the distribution of aerospace expertise in France and Europe.

The ISSAT has 13 members:
 Aerospace Valley
 Centre national d'études spatiales
 EADS Astrium
 École nationale de l'aviation civile
 École nationale supérieure des techniques industrielles et des mines d'Albi-Carmaux
 Institut aéronautique et spatial
 Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse
 Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse
 Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
 Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace
 Magellium
 Météo-France
 Université Paul Sabatier

References

Other websites
 Official website

Category:Education in France
Category:Aerospace engineering
Category:Aviation in France
Category:Occitanie


Wen Jiabao (born in Tianjin, 1942- ) was Premier of the People's Republic of China from 2003 through 2013. His second term as Premier is due to end in 2013. He has a postgraduate degree in geology.

In his final address as China’s prime minister, Wen warned of the nations growing divisions between rich and poor, the hazards of unchecked environmental degradation and the risks posed by unbalanced economic growth.

Other websites
China digital times

Category:Premiers of the People's Republic of China
Category:1942 births
Category:Living people

Wen Jiabao


Abidos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Abidos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Abidos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques


The term "multiple independent sources" in journalism, criminal justice, science and general research, are two or more unconnected people, organizations, or objects which provide a given set of information or samples. For example, two separate people who see a traffic accident, at the spot, could be considered independent sources. However, if one person saw the accident and told the other one about it, then they would not be independent, since one would depend on the other for their information. Also, if two witnesses to an event discuss what they saw before they are asked about it and agree to tell the same story, then they are also no longer independent. As another example, two scientific devices could be considered independent sources of measurement data, unless they shared the same wiring or electrical power supply (or similar factors).

Consulting multiple independent sources is a common technique for detecting errors and deception, as any divergences or contradictions between statements, or data samples, would likely indicate one of these.

Famously, the New York Times'  minimal standard for reporting a fact not otherwise attributed to a single speaker is that it be verified by at least two independent sources.

Circular reporting is a situation where multiple sources appear to be independent, but in reality originate from a single source.  Because circular reporting can happen inadvertently in many situations, extra care must be taken to ensure that multiple sources actually are independent, rather than interconnected in an obscure manner.

Related pages
 Editorial independence, not permitting advertisers to dictate news content

References

Category:Journalism

Independent sources


is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2006||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Renaiss Koga||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||6||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2008||12||2||colspan="2"|-||12||2
|-
|2009||MIO Biwako Kusatsu||Football League||24||1||colspan="2"|-||24||1
42||3||0||0||42||3
42||3||0||0||42||3
|}

Referencews

Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:South Korean footballers
Category:People from Osaka

Kim Jung-Hoon


The Book of the Dead is a name for an Egyptian text. It is also known as The Book of Coming [or Going]  Forth By Day, or as the papyrus of Ani. It contains a number of texts, and spells. These allow the dead person to safely get to the place of the afterlife.

The book of the dead was most commonly written on a papyrus scroll. It was placed in the coffin of the dead person, or their burial chamber. The book of the dead in its most familiar form was first used in the New Kingdom, but many of the spells had their origins in the funerary texts of the Old and Middle Kingdoms.

The name "Book of the Dead" was the invention of the German Egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius, who published a selection of the texts in 1842.

Missing sections of the book were found in the Queensland Museum in 2012. Historians are hoping that the missing pieces will give them a copy of the complete book.

References

Category:Ancient Egypt
Category:Books
Category:Afterlife

Book of the Dead


John Langshaw "J. L." Austin (26 March 1911 – 8 February 1960) was a British philosopher of language. He was born in Lancaster, Lancashire. He was a known supporter of ordinary language philosophy. He was perhaps best known for developing the theory of speech acts. He worked at Oxford University.

He was awarded Order of the British Empire for his services during World War II.

Austin died of lung cancer in Oxford on 8 February 1960 at the age of 48.

References

Category:1911 births
Category:1960 deaths
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:British philosophers
Category:British military personnel of World War II
Category:Writers from Lancashire

J. L. Austin


The word Janeite has been used by people who love the works of Jane Austen. However, it can also be used to show disapproval. Claudia Johnson says that Janeitism is "the self-consciously idolatrous enthusiasm (love) for 'Jane' and every detail relative to her (about her)".

Janeitism did not begin until after J. E. Austen-Leigh published A Memoir of Jane Austen in 1870. When this was published, Jane Austen became much more popular. This worried the literary elite. They felt they had to separate their liking of Austen from the "masses". The word Janeite was first begun by the literary scholar George Saintsbury in his 1894 introduction to a new edition of Pride and Prejudice. Austen scholar Deidre Lynch explains, "he meant to equip himself with a badge of honor he could jubilantly (triumphantly, happily) pin". In the early twentieth century, Janeitism was "principally (mostly) a male enthusiasm shared among publishers, professors, and literati". Rudyard Kipling even printed a short story called "Janeites" about a group of World War I soldiers who were fans of Austen's novels.

In the 1930s and 1940s,Austen's works were accepted at school, and the word began to change its meaning. It began to mean the people who liked Austen in the "wrong" way. The word, according to Lynch, is now " and against other people".

Notes

Bibliography
Johnson, Claudia L. "Austen cults and cultures". The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.  .
Lynch, Deidre. "Cult of Jane Austen". Jane Austen In Context. Ed. Janet Todd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. .
Lynch, Deidre. "Introduction: Sharing with Our Neighbors". Janeites: Austen's Disciples and Devotees. Ed. Deidre Lynch. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. .
Lynch, Deidre. "Sequels". Jane Austen In Context. Ed. Janet Todd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. .
MacDonald, Gina and Andrew MacDonald, eds. Jane Austen on Screen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Category:Jane Austen

Janeite


Piotr Bikont (12 May 1955 – 27 June 2017) was a Polish journalist, publicist, culinary critic and a theatre director. He was born in Łódź, Poland.

Bikont translated Art Spiegelman's "Maus" to Polish. He was a member of editorial staff of the talking magazine Gadający Pies based in Kraków. He was the author of a book Jewish Cooking According to Balbina Przepiórko.

Bikont died on 27 June 2017 in a car accident near Warsaw, aged 62.

References

Category:1955 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Road accident deaths
Category:Polish writers
Category:Polish journalists
Category:Critics
Category:People from Łódź

Piotr Bikont


The minimum wage is the least amount of money that employees of a business can be paid. Around the world, the minimum wage is enforced as a law that every company must follow. If companies do not give their employees at least the minimum wage, the companies will be forced to pay an expensive fine for breaking the law.

Minimum wage is a relative term. Different countries have different minimum wages. Nunavut in Canada has a minimum wage of $11.00 per hour. Ontario, another place in Canada has a minimum wage of $10.25 per hour.

Some people think the minimum wage should be raised, so poor people will have more money. Others think it is worse because the government will not have enough money to pay all the employees, so they will raise the taxes or raise the inflation. Some people think that the minimum will hurt employees because companies only hire employees whose labor is worth the price they are required to pay. They think that if the minimum wage is raised employees will lose their job because companies cannot afford to pay them the raised minimum wage.

Related pages
 Constitution
 Constitutional economics

Category:Macroeconomics

Minimum wage


Gazipur () is a district of central Bangladesh. It is part of the Dhaka Division.

Category:Dhaka Division

Gazipur District


Artie Shaw (May 23, 1910 – December 30, 2004) was an American musician. He is considered to be one of the best jazz musicians of his time.  He was a jazz clarinet player, composer, and bandleader. He also wrote both fiction and non-fiction writings.

Early life
He was born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky in New York, New York. He began learning the saxophone when he was 15. By age 16 he began to tour with a band. He returned to New York City and became a session musician. During the Swing Era, his big bands were very popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine" and "Stardust".

During the War
During World War II he joined the U.S. Navy. He served in the Pacific theater as the leader of a service band (similar to Glenn Miller's wartime band in Europe).

Political problems
In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activities Committee for his leftist activities. The committee was investigating a peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a communist front.

Writing career
Throughout his musical career, Shaw would take time off. He would quit the music business and pursue his writing career. In 1955, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet. After that, he focused on writing, especially semi-biographical fiction.

Legacy
In 1981, he organized a new Artie Shaw Band with clarinetist Dick Johnson as bandleader and soloist. Shaw himself would guest conduct from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.

In 1991, Artie Shaw's band library and manuscript collection was donated to the University of Arizona. In 2004, he was presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Personal life and death
Shaw was married eight times: Jane Cairns (1932); Margaret Allen (1934-37); Lana Turner (1940); Betty Kern (1941-43), daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern; Ava Gardner (1945-46); Forever Amber author Kathleen Winsor (1946-48); Doris Dowling (1952-56) and Evelyn Keyes (1957-85). He had two sons by Kern and Dowling.

In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of Thousand Oaks, California. Shaw had adult onset diabetes. In December 2004, he died due to the disease at age 94.

References

Category:American jazz musicians
Category:American clarinetists
Category:Bandleaders
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Musicians from New York City
Category:1910 births
Category:2004 deaths

Artie Shaw


The PHP License is a free software license. It is an open source software license and is the license that the PHP programming language is released under.

References

Other websites
 Official PHP License Information

Category:Software licences

PHP License


Arenal Volcano National Park is a national park in the northwest region of Costa Rica. It is between the mountain pass of the Tilarán Mountain Range and the Plains of San Carlos. A part of the park belongs to San Ramón.

Attractions

Arenal Volcano
The main characteristic of this national park is the Arenal Volcano. It is an almost perfect cone with a height of 1633 m. The volcano has regular eruptions which create one of the most extraordinary natural landscapes of Costa Rica.

Wildlife
The park many different types of plants and animals. Some of the more interesting plants are Guayabo mountain, Ceiba, Cirri, Laurel, Higuerones, Pilon, Guarumo, Balsa, different species of palms, heliconias, orchids, ferns and bromeliads including Pitcaimia Funkiae.

The main species of animals are sloths, birds like lapas, parrots and quetzals, snakes like lora snake, velvet snake and the boa constrictor, 35 species of fish and 135 species of reptiles including turtles. There are also tapirs, deers, jaguars, sahínos, pizotes, Congo monkeys, and cappuccino monkeys. Most of the animals that live in the park are birds. This makes the park a very good place for bird watchers.

Scenery
This national park has a great tourist attraction because of the beautiful scenery and  forests. It is also a very good place for extreme sports practice like canopy which hundreds of peoples both foreigners and locals like a lot. Many people like to watch the view created by the volcano when it is making small eruptions at night.

Category:National parks in Costa Rica
Category:Alajuela Province

Arenal Volcano National Park


Spruce are trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and taiga regions of the earth.

Spruces are large trees, from 20–60 (–95) m tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their conical form and their needles, that are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old.

Classification
 Picea abies Norway spruce. Europe; important in forestry. The original Christmas tree.
 Picea asperata Dragon spruce. Western China; several varieties.
 Picea meyeri Meyer's spruce. Northern China.
 Picea koraiensis Korean spruce. Korea, northeast China.
 Picea koyamae Koyama's spruce. Japan (mountains).

Other websites
 Arboretum de Villardebelle Picea cone photos Cones of selected species (page 1)
 Arboretum de Villardebelle Picea cone photos Cones of selected species (page 2)
 Gymnosperm Database – Picea

Category:Conifers

Spruce


F.C. Sète 34 is a football club which plays in France.

Name
1900–1914 Olympique de Cette
1914–1927 F.C. Cette
1927–1989 F.C. Sète
1989–present F.C. Sète 34

League title
Division 1 : 2
1933/34, 1938/39

League position

Former position

Category:French football clubs

F.C. Sète 34


A record chart (sometimes called a music chart) is a way of giving music a rank. The rank comes from the popularity of the music. The Billboard Hot 100 is a popular chart. The information on charts comes from some different sources, like the number of objects sold, the number of times a song was played on radio, the number of times a song or album was downloaded, and other criteria. Charts are sometimes made for a special genre, for example "Top 10 Rock Songs".

Record chart


Jonathan Cainer  (18 December 1957 – 2 May 2016) was a British astrologer. He wrote astrological predictions six days a week for the Daily Mail. He also forecasts for three Australian newspapers, the Sydney Daily Telegraph, the Melbourne Herald Sun and the Perth Sunday Times.

Cainer's predictions were also published in Hello, the Auckland Sunday News, the Botswana Echo and Misty Magazine (Japan). It has been estimated that over twelve million people read his predictions.

Cainer died of a heart attack on 2 May 2016, aged 58.

References

Category:1957 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Astrologers
Category:British columnists
Category:British esotericists
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:English journalists
Category:Writers from Surrey

Jonathan Cainer


Méritein is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Category:Communes in Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Méritein


Andrzej Żuławski (; 22 November 1940 – 17 February 2016) was a Polish movie director and writer. He was born in Lwów, Poland (now Ukraine).

In the late 1950s, he studied filmmaking in France. His second movie The Devil (1972) was banned in Poland, and Żuławski went to France. After the success of That Most Important Thing: Love in 1975, he returned to Poland where he spent two years making On the Silver Globe (1988). After that, Żuławski moved to France where he became known for controversial and violent art-house movies. Żuławski is also known for his work with actresses including Romy Schneider, Isabelle Adjani and Sophie Marceau.

Żuławski died of pancreatic cancer in Warsaw on 17 February 2016. He was aged 75.

References

Other websites

 Andrzej Żuławski atCulture.pl

Category:1940 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Category:Cancer deaths in Poland
Category:Polish movie directors
Category:Polish writers

Andrzej Żuławski


John Fredrik Reinfeldt (born August 4, 1965) was the Prime Minister of Sweden from 2006 to 2014. He was also the leader of the Moderate Party. The Moderate Party is the largest of the four political parties in the Swedish government, but the second largest in the parliament following the Swedish Social Democratic Party and their leader Stefan Löfven.

Reinfeldt lost his re-election to Stefan Löfven as Prime Minister. Reinfeldt also announced that he was resigning his position as leader of the Moderate Party.

Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:European Union politicians
Category:Prime Ministers of Sweden

Fredrik Reinfeldt


The International Scout was an off-road vehicle which was made by International Harvester from 1960 to 1980. It was one of the earlier SUVs. The Scout was created as a competitor to the Jeep. Remarkably, the Scout went from a basic idea to production in only two years. Like the Jeep it had square utilitarian styling but had cleaner lines. It initially featured a fold-down windshield. The Scout and second generation Scout II were produced in Fort Wayne, Indiana as two-door trucks. They had the options of a half cab pickup or removable hard or soft top.

Background
International Harvester began building trucks and pickups and later in 1907. In 1953 it added a truck-based people carrier, the Travelall. In the late 1950s it began to design a competitor for the two-door Jeep CJ 4x4. The 1961 model year Scout 80 made its debut in late 1960. Scouts began selling so well against Jeep, Ford jumped in with the Bronco and Chevrolet came out with the Blazer.

Production
A concept for its replacement was started in 1964. It was approved for production in mid 1965. The Scout II was introduced in 1971. The basic sheet metal remained the unchanged until production stopped on October 21, 1980. During the 20 year period (1960–1980) 532,674 Scouts were produced. The Scout, introduced as a commercial utility vehicle in 1960, set the stage for future 4-wheel drive recreational vehicles of the '70s, '80s, and '90s.

Scout models and variants
Scout models include the:
Scout 80 (1960–1965): The original
Scout 800 (1966–1971): Same overall design as original with upgrades (electric wipers, newer engines etc.)
Scout 810 (1971): Some early Scout II's contain Scout 810 badging on the glove box.
Scout II (1971–1980): The later standard production model with a removable soft or hardtop (100-inch wheelbase).
Scout II Terra (1976–1980): The light pickup truck version (118-inch wheelbase).
Scout II Traveler (1976–1980): This version had a removable fiberglass hardtop, optional third row of seats (118 in wheelbase).
Super Scout II (1977–1979): This model had removable fabric doors, a rollbar, and softtop. The soft-top model was tagged the "SSII" by IH marketing. Eventually the "SS" letters were assumed to stand for "Super Scout", the name this model is called today.

References

Category:Sport utility vehicles

International Harvester Scout


The Council of the European Union (often called Council of Ministers or just Council) is one of the three organisations that manage the European Union. Along with the European Parliament, it is responsible for law making for the European Union (EU).

Its members are the government ministers of the member countries who are responsible for the law that is being discussed. As an example, suppose the law is going to be about farming, then the Agriculture Ministers are the Council for that day.

As well as making laws, they can meet to discuss their problems. For example, the European Union does not decide on tax - each country decides on its own tax. But the Finance Ministers meet anyway because sometimes they can help each other catch people who do not want to pay tax at all.

The Council is called different things in different countries, according to the language they speak (for example in French it is Conseil de l'Union Européenne and in German it is Rat der Europäischen Union). It is also known internationally, and so it appears on its logo, with the Latin word Consilium.

A simple way of putting it, is that The 'Council of the European Union' is helped by most countries in the world and it is very important.

Category:European Union
Category:Legislatures

Council of the European Union


Saint-Lô is a commune. It is in the Manche department in west France.

Sister cities
Saint-Lô is twinned with:
 Saint-Ghislain, Belgium, since 1961
 Aalen, Germany, since 1979
 Christchurch, UK, since 1985
 Kervénanec, Lorient, France, since 1988
 Roanoke, Virginia, US, since 1999

Category:Communes in Manche
Category:Departmental capitals in France

Saint-Lô


Giancarlo Giannini (; born 1 August 1942) is an Italian actor and voice-over artist. In 1976, he starred in Seven Beauties, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He dubbed Jack Nicholson's voice in the Italian release of both The Shining and Batman; he is the official Italian dubber of Al Pacino.

In 2009, Giannini received a star on the Italian Walk of Fame in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

References

Other websites

Category:1942 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian movie actors
Category:Italian television actors
Category:Italian voice actors

Giancarlo Giannini


Gabriel Milito (born 7 September 1980) is an Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="6"|Independiente||rowspan="6"|Primera División||2||0
|-
|1998/99||25||0
|-
|1999/00||34||2
|-
|2000/01||25||1
|-
|2001/02||3||0
|-
|2002/03||34||0

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|Real Zaragoza||rowspan="4"|La Liga||35||0
|-
|2004/05||35||3
|-
|2005/06||34||1
|-
|2006/07||35||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Barcelona||rowspan="3"|La Liga||27||1
|-
|2008/09||0||0
|-
|2009/10||||
123||3
166||6
289||9
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||14||1
|-
!Total||32||1
|}

References

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:Argentine footballers

Gabriel Milito


Florence is a city in and the county seat of Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States. It is in the northwestern corner of the state.

References

Category:County seats in Alabama
Category:Cities in Alabama

Florence, Alabama


Even Cowgirls Get the Blues is a 1993 drama-comedy-romance movie. It is about homosexuality, use of drugs and political rebellion. It stars Lorraine Bracco as Delores Del Ruby, Uma Thurman as Sissy and Roseanne Barr as Madame Zoe. The movie was not liked by critics.

Category:1990s romantic comedy movies
Category:1990s comedy-drama movies
Category:1990s romantic drama movies
Category:1993 movies
Category:English-language movies

Even Cowgirls Get the Blues


Henry Fairfield Osborn, Sr. FRS (August 8, 1857 – November 6, 1935) was an American geologist, paleontologist, and eugenist, and the president of the American Museum of Natural History for 25 years.

Osborn was one of the great dinosaur fossil hunters in the late 19th century. Osborn got a Sc.D. in paleontology from Princeton, and was Professor of Comparative Anatomy there  from 1883–1890. In 1891, Osborn was hired by Columbia University as a professor of zoology. At the same time, he got a position at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. He served there as the curator of a newly formed Department of Vertebrate Paleontology.

Osborn named Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor, and many other dinosaurs. His biographer Ronald Rainger said he was "a first-rate science administrator and a third-rate scientist". Under his leadership, staff of the American Museum of Natural History worked on displays. The museum became one of the top exhibitions in the early twentieth century. As a result, the murals, habitat dioramas, and dinosaur mounts attracted millions of visitors, and inspired other museums to imitate. His decision to invest heavily in exhibitions angered curators, who hoped to spend more time on their own research.

References

Category:1857 births
Category:1935 deaths
Category:American geologists
Category:American paleontologists
Category:Eugenics
Category:People from Connecticut
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:Fairfield, Connecticut

Henry Fairfield Osborn


Deb or DEB may mean:

 deb (file format), a software package format used by the Debian project
 A debutante
 Deborah, a name
 Eugene Debs, a politician
 Nabakrishna Deb, a nobleman
 Dynamic energy budget
 Debrecen International Airport
 The second album by Souad Massi

Deb


Prachanda (born Pushpa Kumal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the former Prime Minister of Nepal. He is one of the most influential personality in the nepalese political scenario. He is president of Nepal Communist Party (Maoist). He has been two times elected as a Prime Minister Of Nepal.

References

Category:1954 births
Category:Nepalese politicians
Category:Living people
Category:Prime Ministers of Nepal

Prachanda


A Daitya, according to Hinduism, is a type of giant that fought against the gods.

Category:Hinduism

Daitya


The  is a video game console made in 1986. It was not very popular in North America and Japan but was very popular in Brazil. One of the most popular game of the Sega Master System was Sonic the Hedgehog.

, the Master System was still in production in Brazil by Tectoy. This would make it the world's longest-lived console.

Background

Launch
In October 1985, the Sega Mark III was released in Japan for ¥15,000.

The console was redesigned as the "Master System", and it was released in North America in 1986 at a price of $200 (). It included a multicart of the games Hang-On and Safari Hunt. By the end of 1986, 125,000 Master System consoles had been sold. This was more than the Atari 7800's 100,000, but it was less than the NES's 1.1 million.

The console was re-released as the Master System in Japan in October 1987 for ¥16,800. It still sold poorly as did the Mark III.  Neither model posed a serious challenge to Nintendo in Japan.

Transition to Genesis and decline
Sega released the Mega Drive, a 16-bit video game console, in Japan on October 29, 1988. The last game released for the Mark III/Master System in Japan was Bomber Raid in 1989.

By early 1992, Master System production stopped in North America. By that time, between 1.5 million and 2 million units had been sold in the United States.

The Master System was eventually a success in Europe. In Europe,  it sold more than the NES by a lot. As late as 1993, the Master System's active installed user base in Europe was 6.25 million units. That was larger than that of the Mega Drive's 5.73 million base that year.  Combined with the Mega Drive, Sega had the majority of the console user base in Europe that year.

Continued success in Brazil
The Master System has had continued success in Brazil. In Brazil, new versions have continued to be released. Tectoy has been manufacturing Master Systems since 1989. These versions include the Master System Compact and the Master System 3. In 2015, it was reported that the Master System sells around 150,000 units per year in Brazil. By 2016, the Master System had sold 8 million units in Brazil. Because Tectoy continued to produce the Master System years for so long, the Master System is considered the longest-lived in the history of video game consoles.

Reception and legacy
It is estimated that 13 million Master Systems were sold. This does not include recent Brazil sales.

Notes

References

Category:Sega video game consoles

Master System


The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as just the Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago north of the Canadian mainland in the Arctic. There are about 36,563 islands which have much of the territory of Northern Canada – most of Nunavut and part of Northwest Territories.

The archipelago has 94 major islands (bigger than 130 km²), including three of the world's ten biggest islands, and 36,469 minor islands. The bigger islands of the archipelago (over 10,000 km²) are:

* NT = Northwest Territories, NU = Nunavut

Category:Islands of Canada

Canadian Arctic Archipelago


Events
 Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade:
 July 8 – 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march around Jerusalem.
 January 13 – Crusaders set fire to Mara, Syria.
 July 15 – Christian soldiers under Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert II of Flanders, Raymond IV of Toulouse and Tancred take Jerusalem after a difficult siege, killing nearly every inhabitant.
 August 12– the crusaders defeat the Fatimids at the Battle of Ascalon.

1099


Anderson is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.

Category:Cities in Indiana
Category:County seats in Indiana

Anderson, Indiana


Biophilia is the musical project and seventh studio album from Icelandic singer Björk. The album was released in 2011.

The album is "partly recorded" on an iPad and was released in the form of a series of apps. The project is directed by Michel Gondry. Björk has described the project as a multimedia collection "encompassing music, apps, internet, installations and live shows". Material from the album debuted in summer 2011 during a series of concerts at the Manchester International Festival.

Tracklist
 Moon
 Thunderbolt
 Crystalline
 Cosmogony
 Dark Matter
 Hollow
 Virus
 Sacrifice
 Mutual Core
 Solstice

References

Category:Björk albums
Category:2011 albums

Biophilia


Raphael is an archangel (arch means "highest" or "chief").  He is known in various religions as an angel who does acts of healing. The name Raphael means "It is God who heals", "God Heals", "God, Please Heal". Raphael is an angel in the Bible. His feast days (celebration days) are on September 29 and October 24.

In religions
Raphael is an archangel of the Judaism and Christianity. In Islam, Raphael is the fourth major angel; in Muslim tradition, he is known as Israfil. Raphael is also an angel in Mormonism, as he is briefly mentioned in the Doctrine and Covenants.

In the Bible
Raphael is generally associated with the angel mentioned in the Gospel of John as stirring the water at the healing pool of Bethesda. Raphael is mentioned in the Book of Tobit.  Raphael was sent by the Lord to heal Tobit of his blindness. He also takes care of Tobit son, Tobias. He walks with Tobias to the village where he meets his future wife, Sarah. Sarah needs to be rescued from a demon who kills everybody who goes near her. This evil demon kills every man she marries on their wedding night. While they walk, Tobias and the Angel catch a fish together. Raphael told Tobias to catch a fish use the gallbladder to heal Tobit's eyes. Raphael also told Tobias how to protect himself from the demon.  Tobias made a little fire and was burning the heart and liver of the fish. Tobias was driving away the evil demon with smoke.

Angel
Raphael is the angel who can heal. He is the patron saint (taking care of) the young people, shepherds; sick people and travelers. He can cure eye problems and nightmares.

He is a special angel of the apothecaries; nurses; pharmacists; physicians;  guardian angels; He can also be the guardian angel of happy meetings. Raphael is said to guard pilgrims on their journeys, and is often depicted holding a staff. He is also often depicted holding or standing on a fish. The fish is a symbol of his healing of Tobias's father Tobit with the fish's gall.

References

Category:Angels
Category:Biblical people
Category:Christian saints
Category:Islam

Raphael (archangel)


The Treaty of Versailles () was a peace treaty between the nations of Japan, the United States, France, Germany and Britain after World War I. The treaty was made in 1919. Germany, Austria and Hungary did not participate in writing it. Germany had the choice between signing it or facing the occupation of Germany by Allied troops.

Germany had to reduce its armed forces from 6 million to 100,000 men and to get rid of its submarines, military aircraft and most of its artillery. Its navy battleships were limited to only six small ones.

Germany also had to give back French territories it had occupied, as well as large territories of its own to Poland and other neighbours, and to give up all of its colonies. Germany was to pay back the huge World War I reparations for the damage done to Allied countries, mostly France, during World War I by German troops. The sum was to be very large but was not yet fixed: many gold marks had to be paid only as a first part of the German debt.

The treaty made a League of Nations, which was intended to make decisions and keep the peace after the treaty was signed. The League solved some international disputes without war, but could not stop World War II.

This treaty can be seen as a one-sided peace, dictated to Germany.  The English economist John Maynard Keynes thought that it was a great mistake to force such harsh measures on the German people, but his advice was ignored.

Germany set up the Weimar Republic. It was democratic but suffered an economic collapse, with the huge inflation of its currency, the mark.  Adolf Hitler became chancellor and overruled the treaty. His actions eventually led to World War II.

Terms

Germany had to give back French areas (Alsace-Lorraine) taken by Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, which was still an embarrassment for France. The French made Germany take its troops out of the Rhineland (the long stretch of land on Germany's border with France where the Rhine River flows), an important part of land for Germany since it had many factories and businesses. If Germany had its troops come back into the Rhineland, the French were allowed to invade Germany.

Germany also had to give parts to Poland, a country made out of Russian and Austrian parts and the Polish and Lithuanian people who lived in them. Poland had been a big kingdom a few hundred years earlier, but Austria, Prussia and Russia had split it in the Partitions of Poland.

Belgium was allowed to have Moresnet and Eupen and Malmedy, which is the main reason that Belgium has a German-speaking community.

Versailles also split up many large empires on the losing side. US President Woodrow Wilson thought that to be a very good idea because many people in Europe wanted to be free from the big empires. but it also created problems such as having many small countries next to a much bigger Germany.

In the separate Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye the same year. Austria-Hungary was split into many countries. One was Austria, which was meant to be the homeland of the Austrians, who spoke German and mainly ruled Austria-Hungary. Its capital was Vienna. One of the problems of Versailles was that most  Austrians, like Adolf Hitler, thought that Austria should become part of Germany, which later led to the German invasion of Austria.

Hungary was also created. Like Poland, it was a country that was strong on its own centuries before. Its capital was Budapest. Another new country, Czechoslovakia was created to be the homeland of the Czechs and Slovaks. The Czech part was made up of the country once called Bohemia and Moravia. The country's capital was Prague. Many Germans lived near its borders in the the Sudetenland, and Hitler later insisted for it to belong to Germany, which many of its people wanted.

Bosnia, Slovenia, Croatia (parts of Austria-Hungary), northern Macedonia (part of Bulgaria), Serbia and Montenegro were made into one country, called Yugoslavia (meaning Southern Slavic). It was made to be a Southern Slavic homeland but had many religious, language and national differences.

New countries by the Baltic Sea (Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania) were also created in other treaties after World War I.  The Russian Revolution started during the war, and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was killed and a communist state formed. A civil war raged in Russia between the anticommunist White Russians and the communist Red Russians. Russia had lost control of its western territory (Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Poland). Later during the World War II, the Soviet Union would take over Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and half of Poland.

Another treaty, the Treaty of Sèvres, gave parts the defeated Ottoman Empire to the various victors. However, Greek and Turkish armies soon  started another war.

Long-term problems

The German Empire became the Weimar Republic. A big problem for Germany was to pay back a giant amount of money for the all of the damage done to the Allied countries, mostly France, during World War I. That made Germany one of the poorest countries in Europe for almost 20 years and caused political fighting in Germany.  Two important parties, the Communist Party, which wanted a communist revolution like that of Russia, and the Nazis, who thought that Germany should become the most powerful country in Europe, fought for many years.

As Germany owed a huge amount of money to the Allies, it  started to get loans by the US (such as under the Dawes Plan). When the Great Depression hit in 1932, the US requested for all its money back. Germany refused to pay and printed more and more money to pay debts.  That led to hyperinflation and the Reichsmark was worthless.  The German economy was shattered. Many Germans hated the treaty, and some even wanted to fight another war to get rid of it.

Also, the League of Nations created after Versailles was usually not powerful enough to stop wars. Japan took Manchuria and the League did not stop it. Italy invaded Ethiopia, and although the Ethiopian Emperor begged the League to help him, it did not do so. Germany, Japan and Italy left the League and became the Axis powers, and by invading many peaceful countries caused World War II. The United States and, for a time, the Soviet Union, did not even join the League even though it was the idea of US President Woodrow Wilson in the first place. The League was never taken seriously even though one reason that it was  created to make sure that the treaty was followed.

The treaty failed to keep peace in the end and was a reason for Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, to win the support of many Germans to get rid of the "chains of Versailles", leading to World War II.

References
. Langley, Andrew. Living through World War II. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library, 2012.

Other websites
 Treaty of Versailles Citizendium

Category:1919 in Europe
Category:1919 in France
Versailles, Treaty of
Category:World War I

Treaty of Versailles


Tiffauges is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Vendée department in the west of France.  Gilles de Rais had his castle here.

Category:Communes in Vendée

Tiffauges


The Gerhard Hanappi stadium is a football stadium in Vienna, Austria. It is the homeground of SK Rapid Wien and is named after Gerhard Hanappi, the architect of the stadium and former player of Rapid Wien.

History
The work started in 1971 but there was a delay in finishing it. The plan was not fully built because it should be cheaper. The new stadium was named "Weststadion" (western stadium) because it lays in the western part of Vienna. It was planned that the two major clubs should play in this new stadium, but Austria Wien was not amused that her rival has got a stadium in its own district, so they went back to their former homeground, the Franz Horr stadium. But till 1992 they often came back because the Horr stadium was not licensed for international matches. In April 1981 it got the name of its architect Gerhard Hanappi, who was player for Rapid Wien.

The first match which was played here was a leaguematch SK Rapid versus Austria Vienna. But the official opening was on September 14th, 1977 with a UEFA-Cup match Rapid versus FK Inter Bratislava (1:0). It was not love at first sight between the fans and the new stadium, but meanwhile they accept it. It is even called "Saint Hanappi" following the slogan of the fans "Rapid is our religion."

Special matches in the Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium

ÖFB-Cup finals

 1977: FK Austria Wien – Wiener Sport-Club 3:0 (2:0)
 1983: SK Rapid Wien – Wacker Innsbruck 3:0 (1:0)
 1984: SK Rapid Wien – FK Austria Wien 2:0 (2:0)
 1985: SK Rapid Wien – FK Austria Wien 3:3 (1:1) (0:0) n. V.- Pen. 6:5
 1986: SK Rapid Wien – FK Austria Wien 4:6 (3:3) (2:1) n.V.
 1987: SK Rapid Wien – FC Swarovski Tirol 2:0 (2:0)
 1998: SV Ried – SK Sturm Graz 3:1 (2:0)
 2007: FK Austria Wien – SV Mattersburg 2:1 (0:1)

Supercup (Austria)

 1986: SK Rapid Wien – FK Austria Wien 3:1 (2:0)
 1987: SK Rapid Wien – FC Swarovski Tirol 2:1 (1:1)

International matches
(Till 1992 FK Austria Vienna has to play international matches in the Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium.)

 1984: SK Rapid Wien – Celtic Glasgow 3:1 (0:0)
 1985: FK Austria Wien – FC Liverpool 1:1 (1:0)
 1985: SK Rapid Wien – Dynamo Dresden 5:0 (3:0)
 1985: FK Austria Wien – FC Bayern München 3:3 (1:1)
 1986: SK Rapid Wien – FC Brügge 4:3 (2:1)
 1989: SK Rapid Wien – FC Aberdeen 1:0 (1:0)
 1989: SK Rapid Wien – FC Brügge 4:3 (0:1)
 1989: SK Rapid Wien – FC Lüttich 1:0 (0:0)
 1990: SK Rapid Wien – Inter Mailand 2:1 (0:1)
 1992: FK Austria Wien – FC Brügge 3:1 (0:0)
 1997: SK Rapid Wien – 1. FC Brünn 6:1 (2:0)
 2000: FK Roter Stern Belgrad – Leicester City 3:1 (1:1)
 2001: SK Rapid Wien – FK Partizan Belgrad 5:1 (2:0)
 2005: SK Rapid Wien – Lokomotive Moskau 1:1 (0:1)
 2009: SK Rapid Wien - Aston Villa 1:0 (1:0)
 2010: SK Rapid Wien - Aston Villa 1:1 (0:1)

Category:Football stadiums in Austria
Category:Vienna

Gerhard-Hanappi-stadium


In philosophy, something is good if it is important or valuable. Objects (things), people, ideas, and actions can be good. Many philosophers (people who study philosophy) have thought about what it means for something to be good.

Economic and philosophical goods
An economic good can become more or less valuable over time. This is because an economic good is valuable because people will give up something (usually money) for it. A philosophical good is always good, even if there are no people to see it. This is because philosophical goods are good because of something in themselves.

Absolute and relative goods
Goods can be absolute or relative. A relative good is something that is good because people say it is good. An absolute good is something that is good because of something in itself. It is good even if there is no one around to see it. For example, an economist may say that the Mona Lisa is a very valuable economic good because it can be sold for a lot of money. A philosopher may say that the painting is good because of how it is painted. The economist sees relative good, because people may later not want to pay for it. The philosopher sees absolute good, because it will always be painted well.

Category:Philosophy

Good (philosophy)


Power County is a county of the U.S. state of Idaho. The area of Power County is .

Communities

Cities
American Falls
Pocatello (partly)
Rockland

Census-designated place
Arbon Valley

Unincorporated communities
Arbon
Neeley
Pauline
Roy

Category:Idaho counties
Category:1913 establishments in Idaho

Power County, Idaho


Elyria is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is the county seat of Lorain County. At the 2010 census, 54,533 people lived there. The city is named for its founder, Heman Ely.

References

Category:Cities in Ohio
Category:County seats in Ohio

Elyria, Ohio


The British Film Institute is a charity which helps to promote movies. They call them films rather than movies. It runs several cinemas including the IMAX, in London. It also runs the annual London Film Festival, which has movies, and the Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, which also has movies. The BFI has a large archive with more than 50,000 fiction movies (though they call them films), over 100,000 non-fiction titles and around 625,000 television programmes.

Category:British movies

British Film Institute


William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a prime minister of Great Britain. He was appointed by King George III.

His London house, in St. James's Square, is now the home of the international affairs think tank called Chatham House.

In 1758, during the Seven Years' War, he came up with the strategy of blocking the St. Lawrence River so the French troops in Quebec and Montreal could not get more supplies. This weakened the French side, and helped to win the war.

His son, William Pitt the Younger, was also a prime minister.

References

Category:1708 births
Category:1778 deaths
Category:English Earls
Category:Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Category:People buried in Westminster Abbey
Category:People from Westminster
Category:Politicians from London
Category:Whig party (UK) politicians
Category:Prime Ministers of Great Britain

William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham


Desert fox can also refer to the Fennec fox
Field Marshal Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel, The "Desert Fox" (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944), was an officer of the German Army in World War I and World War II.

In WWII, he commanded the German Army in North Africa in a long struggle against the British 8th Army. He was finally defeated at El Alamein. Later in the war, he commanded the German forces defending the French coast against the Allied Normandy invasion.

Rommel was well liked by the German public and respected by the Allies. He was thought to be chivalrous and humane, when other German leaders were not. His famous Afrikakorps was not accused of any war crimes. Soldiers captured by his army were treated well and orders to kill captured Jewish soldiers and civilians were ignored.

Rommel knew of the plan by senior officers to assassinate Hitler in 1944. When it failed, all concerned were tortured and executed. Hitler offered him the choice of suicide or court-martial, and he committed suicide. His death was announced as the death of a hero in battle.

Early life and career
Rommel was born in Heidenheim, Germany, 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg which was then part of the German Empire, on November 15, 1891. He was baptised on 17 November 1891. His father, Erwin Rommel (18601913) was a math teacher, and later a secondary school headmaster at Aalen. His mother was Helene von Lutz, the daughter of a local government official. Rommel was the second of four children; Karl, Gerhard, and Helene. Rommel wrote that his "early years passed very happily."

At the age of 14, Rommel and a friend built a full-scale glider that was able to fly short distances. Young Erwin thought about being an engineer, and he showed a talent with technical work; however, because of his father, young Rommel joined the local 124th Württemberg Infantry Regiment as an officer cadet in 1910 and, shortly after, was sent to the Officer Cadet School in Danzig. He graduated on 15 November 1911, and was a lieutenant in January 1912.

While at Cadet School, early in 1911, Erwin Rommel had met his future wife, 17-year-old Lucia Maria Mollin (also called Lucie) (b. 6 June 1894 in Danzig; d. 26 September 1971 in Stuttgart). They married on November 27, 1916, in Danzig, and on December 24, 1928 had a son, Manfred, who would later become the mayor of Stuttgart. Manfred died in 2013. After having met Lucie, some historians think that Rommel also had an affair with a woman called Walburga Stemmer in 1913, and they had a daughter named Gertrud.

World War I
In World War I, Rommel fought in France, as well as in Romania and Italy, first as a member of the 6th Württemberg Infantry Regiment, and then in the Württemberg Mountain Battalion of the Alpenkorps. While serving with that unit, he gained a reputation for making quick tactical decisions and taking advantage of enemy confusion. He was wounded three times and awarded the Iron Cross; First and Second Class.

Rommel also received Prussia's highest medal, the Pour le Mérite after fighting in the mountains of west Slovenia, in Battles of the Isonzo–Soca front. The award came as a result of the Battle of Longarone, and the capture of Mount Matajur, Slovenia, and its defenders, numbering 150 Italian officers, 9,000 men, and 81 pieces of artillery. His battalion used gas during the battles of the Isonzo and also played a key role in the victory of the Central Powers over the Italian army at the Battle of Caporetto. While fighting at Isonzo, Rommel was taken prisoner by the Italians. He escaped, and because he spoke Italian, he was back to the German lines within two weeks. Later, when the German and Italian armies were allied during the Second World War, Rommel realised that their lack of success in battle was due to poor leadership and equipment, which when fixed, easily made them equal to German forces.

World War II

Poland 1939
Rommel was a commander of the Führerbegleithauptquartier (Führer escort headquarters) during the Poland campaign, often moving up close to the front in the Führersonderzug train, seeing much of Hitler. After the Polish defeat, Rommel returned to Berlin to organize the Führer's victory parade, taking part himself as a member of Hitler's entourage. During the Polish campaign, Rommel was asked to help one of his wife's relatives, a Polish priest who had been arrested. When Rommel asked the Gestapo for information, the Gestapo found no information about the man's existence.

France 1940
Rommel asked Hitler for command of a panzer division. On 6 February 1940, three months before the invasion of France, Rommel was given command of the 7th Panzer Division, for "Fall Gelb" ("Case Yellow"), the invasion of France and the Low Countries. Some other officers did not agree with his promotion. Rommel's initial request for command had been rejected by the Chief of Army Personnel, who cited his lack of previous experience with armoured units and his extensive prior experience in an Alpine unit made him a more suitable candidate to assume command of a mountain division that had recent need to fill its commanding-officer post. Rommel had, however, emphasized the use of mobile infantry and recognized the great usefulness of armoured forces in the Poland campaign. He set about learning and developing the techniques of armoured warfare with great enthusiasm. The decision to place him in command of an armoured division was borne out to be an excellent one. In May, 1940 his 7th Panzer Division became known as the "Ghost Division" because its rapid advances and fast-paced attacks often placed them so far forward that they were frequently out of communication with the rest of the German army.

North Africa 1941–1943
Rommel's reward for his success was to be promoted and appointed commander of the 5th Light Division (later reorganised and redesignated 21.Panzer-Division) and of the 15.Panzer-Division which, as the Deutsches Afrikakorps,() were sent to Libya in early 1941 in Operation Sonnenblume to aid the Italian troops which had suffered a heavy defeat from British Commonwealth forces in Operation Compass. It was in Africa where Rommel achieved his greatest fame as a commander.

Attitude

Rommel was well known not only by the German people but also by his enemies. Stories of his chivalry and tactical ability earned him the respect of many opponents, including Claude Auchinleck, Winston Churchill, George S. Patton, Hugh Dowding, and Bernard Montgomery (who named a dog after him). Rommel was also respectful of his enemies. Hitler considered Rommel among his favorite generals.

The Afrika Korps was never accused of any war crimes, and Rommel himself referred to the fighting in North Africa as Krieg ohne Hass — war without hate. Numerous examples exist of this such as his refusal to carry out an order from Hitler to execute Jewish prisoners. During Rommel's time in France, Hitler ordered him to deport the Jews in France; Rommel did not. Several times he wrote letters protesting the treatment of the Jews. When British Major Geoffrey Keyes was killed during a failed commando raid to kill or capture Rommel behind German lines, Rommel ordered him buried with full military honours. Also, during the construction of the Atlantic Wall, Rommel directed that French workers were not to be used as slaves but were to be paid for their labour.

Death

Rommel was not one of the group who planned the attempt on Hitler's life. Actually, he was not in favour of assassinating Hitler. Rommel believed an assassination attempt could spark civil war in Germany and Austria, and Hitler would have become a martyr for a lasting cause. Instead, Rommel insisted that Hitler be arrested and brought to trial for his crimes. Later, though, Rommel made up his mind to support the plot.

After the failed bomb attack of 20 July 1944, many conspirators were arrested. Rommel was perturbed at this development. It did not take long for his involvement to come to light.

Under Gestapo torture, one of that group revealed the names of several higher army officers who were consulted beforehand. Rommel was one of those.

Even more damningly, Carl Goerdeler, the main civilian leader of the Resistance, wrote on several letters and other documents that Rommel was a potential supporter and an acceptable military leader to be placed in a position of responsibility should their coup succeed. Nazi party officials in France reported that Rommel extensively and scornfully criticised Nazi incompetence and crimes. That sealed his fate.

The release of the movie The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951) helped his reputation as one of the most widely known and well-regarded leaders in the German Army.

References

Other websites
 Field Marshal Erwin Rommel death mask

Category:1891 births
Category:1944 deaths
Category:German generals of World War II
Category:German military personnel of World War I
Category:People from Baden-Württemberg
Category:Suicides by poison
Category:Suicides in Germany
Category:Victims of Nazism

Erwin Rommel


Saint-Fortunat-sur-Eyrieux  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Category:Communes in Ardèche

Saint-Fortunat-sur-Eyrieux


Yi Jae-sun, Prince Imperial Waneun (? - October 28, 1881)  was a royal family member of Korean Joseon dynastys and Korean empires. He was a illegitimate son of Heungseon Daewongun and half-brother of Gojong of Joseon and Yi Jae-myon, Prince Imperial Heungchin.

He is the first son of Heungseon Daewongun, and his mother Kyeseongwol was a concubine. He was executed on 28 October, 1884 during a military coup.

References

Category:1881 deaths
Category:Korean people
Category:Princes and princesses

Prince Imperial Waneun


Porte-du-Ried is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. It was incorporated on 1 January 2016 by combining two communes, Holtzwihr and Riedwihr.

Category:Communes in Haut-Rhin
Category:2016 establishments in France

Porte-du-Ried


The BBC Electric Proms were annual music festivals run by the BBC in a similar format to The Proms, but involving rock music.

Category:Music festivals in England
Category:BBC

BBC Electric Proms


Bernard "Bernie" Glassman (January 18, 1939 – November 4, 2018) was an American Zen Buddhist roshi. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Glassman was the founder of the Zen Peacemakers. In 1996, he co-founded the Zen Peacemaker Order with his wife Sandra Jishu Holmes.

Glassman was a Dharma successor of the late Taizan Maezumi-roshi, and gave inka and Dharma transmission to several people. Glassman was known as a leading figure of social enterprise, socially engaged Buddhism and "Bearing Witness Retreats" at Auschwitz and on the streets.

Glassman died on November 4, 2018 from complications of a stroke in Springfield, Massachusetts at the age of 79.

References

Category:1939 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from stroke
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Massachusetts
Category:American Buddhists
Category:American philanthropists
Category:Writers from New York City
Category:Writers from Massachusetts
Category:People from Springfield, Massachusetts

Tetsugen Bernard Glassman


Stephen Toulouse, also known as Stepto, (1972 – October 26, 2017) was the former Director of Xbox LIVE Policy and Enforcement at Microsoft. He represented Microsoft and Xbox Live in many media events, including on Larry Hryb's "Major Nelson Radio" Xbox-related podcast, to discuss security and policy issues.

Before joining the Xbox team at Microsoft, Toulouse was the head of communications for security response with the Microsoft Security Response Center.

Toulouse died on 26 October 2017 at the age of 45.

References

Other websites
Stephen Toulouse's gamer profile
Stephen Toulouse's Twitter feed
Major Nelson Radio Podcast website

Category:1972 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:American engineers
Category:Microsoft people

Stephen Toulouse


Joel Chianese is an Australian footballer who plays as a forward for Perth Glory.

He played for Sydney F.C.

Joel Chianese


White Americans are Americans who are white (or Caucasian) or for statistics, those who have majority-white ancestry.

Category:Society
Category:Race

White Americans


I Am is the fifth studio album by British recording artist Leona Lewis. It was released on 11 September 2015, by Island Records after Lewis left Syco Music in June 2014, she had been with that label ever since she had won The X Factor in 2006.

Track listing

 denotes co-producer

Charts

Release history

References

Category:2015 albums
Category:Leona Lewis albums
Category:Pop albums
Category:Neo soul albums
Category:R&B albums

I Am (Leona Lewis album)


Iris may refer to:

Iris (plant)
Iris (goddess)
Iris (eye)

Iris


Vaidyanathapura Rama Krishna Iyer (15 November 1914 – 4 December 2014), popularly known as V. R. Krishna Iyer, was an Indian judge in the Supreme Court of India. He was born at Vaidyanathapuram near Palakkad, in Malabar region of Kerala. He served in the Supreme Court from 1973 until his death in 2014.

Iyer died in Kochi, Kerala, India from renal and heart failure, aged 100.

References

Category:1914 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Autobiographers
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Category:Centenarians
Category:Civil servants
Category:Deaths from heart failure
Category:Deaths from renal failure
Category:Indian politicians
Category:Indian writers
Category:Judges

V. R. Krishna Iyer


The Bismarck herring is pickled fresh, filleted Baltic herring, traditionally packed in small wooden barrels.

Johann Wiechmann had a store in Stralsund, Germany, and his wife Karoline prepared the herring for sale.  Wiechmann admired Otto von Bismarck and sent a barrel on Bismarck's birthday.  When the German Empire was created Wiechmann  sent a second barrel but this time asked to name the herrings after him.  Bismarck agreed, and the original recipe Bismarck herring were sold up until the end of World War II, and revived in 1997 in Stralsund.

References

Category:Edible fish
Category:Dishes named after people
Category:German food

Bismarck herring


Böbikon is a municipality of the district Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.  It is 2 km south of the border with Germany.

Other websites
  Official Website of Böbikon

Category:Municipalities of Aargau

Böbikon


Pierrefitte-en-Cinglais is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Category:Communes in Calvados

Pierrefitte-en-Cinglais


Druie Douglas Barnard Jr. (March 20, 1922 – January 11, 2018) was an American politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district from 1977 through 1993. He was born in Augusta, Georgia. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Barnard, Jr. died on January 11, 2018 in Augusta, Georgia of pneumonia at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

Category:1922 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from pneumonia
Category:Disease-related deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:United States representatives from Georgia
Category:People from Augusta, Georgia
Category:US Democratic Party politicians

Doug Barnard, Jr.


Greenville is a small town in Madison County, Florida, United States. The population was 837 at the 2000 census. It is the hometown of legendary singer Ray Charles.

Category:Towns in Florida

Greenville, Florida


Chakori is a Pakistani Urdu movie. This movie was released on March 23, 1967, on Eid-ul-Azha Day in Dacca, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The movie was directed by Captain Ehtisham. It was Nadeem Baig's and Shabana's debut movie.

Category:Pakistani movies
Category:1967 movies
Category:Urdu-language movies

Chakori (1967 movie)


is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. It is the home of football team DOS Kampen.

Sister cities
The sister cities of Kampen are:

  Soest
  Meinerzhagen
  Pápa
  Eilat

The city of Kampen
The city of Kampen is on the side of the river IJssel. On the other side of the IJssel, lies IJsselmuiden, which is the second largest town in the municipality of Kampen.

Kampen received city rights in 1236. It joined the Hanseatic League around 1440 and used to be an important port. The population of the city as of 2007 was 49,345.
Kampen has one of the old town centres in best condition of the Netherlands.

Famous people from Kampen
 Hendrick Avercamp (27 January 1585, - 15 May 1634, nicknamed "de Stomme van Kampen" (The Mute of Kampen)), is a painter best known for his small winter landscapes. Thea Beckman showed him as a character in some books. In Kampen, a street (Avercampstraat) and a café are named after him.
 Dr. Willem Johan Kolff, (born: 14 February 1911, Leiden) inventor of the artificial kidney. A street in Kampen is named after him (Dr. Kolfflaan).
 Petra van Staveren (born: 1966, Kampen), a swimmer who won the golden medal in the 100 metres breaststroke at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.

Other websites

 Official Website of Kampen
 Website of the Grandcafé De Stomme van Campen
 Kampen in Oude ansichten (Old postcards from Kampen)
 7 Medieval Cities Website
 A Windmill in Kampen
 Pictures of Kampen

Category:Hanseatic League
Category:Cities in the Netherlands
Category:Settlements in Overijssel
Category:Municipalities of Overijssel

Kampen, Overijssel


Los Navegantes (; roughly translated as Los Navegantes Neighborhood) is a residential neighbourhood in the south-east of Pichilemu, Chile. It is located near the Municipal Stadium and La Cruz Hill. Los Navegantes boasts a perimeter of approximately 1.5 km and was founded between 1996-1997 and has a court. The Pichilemu tsunami secure side, starts near the neighborhood.

References

Category:Pichilemu

Los Navegantes


Shingo Morita (born 9 December 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tonan Maebashi.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Yokohama||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||40||3||4||1||4||1||48||5
|-
|2002||20||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||3
|-
|2003||TDK||Regional Leagues||||||2||3||colspan="2"|-||2||3
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||8||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||10||2
|-
|2005||27||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2006||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2007||Tonan Gunma||Prefectural Leagues||||||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tonan Maebashi||Prefectural Leagues||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||||
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||10||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
105||8||8||5||5||1||118||14
105||8||8||5||5||1||118||14
|}

References

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Kōchi Prefecture

Shingo Morita


Captain America: The First Avenger is an American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America. It was produced by Kevin Feige and directed by Joe Johnston. It was released in the United States on July 22, 2011. The movie was converted to 3-D, but not filmed that way. The filming for the movie took place in Los Angeles, California, and the Northern Quarter of Manchester, England, United Kingdom. It was reported in February of 2011 that the screenwriters Stephen McFeely and Christopher Markus were hired to return to write a sequel for Captain America: The First Avenger.

Cast
Chris Evans as Steve Rogers/Captain America
Tommy Lee Jones as Col. Chester Phillips
Hugo Weaving as Johann Schmidt/Red Skull
Dominic Cooper as Howard Stark
Neal McDonough as Dum Dum Dugan
Derek Luke as Gabe Jones
Stanley Tucci as Dr. Abraham Erskine
Hayley Atwell as Peggy Carter
Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes
Toby Jones as Arnim Zola
Richard Armitage as Heinz Kruger
Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury

Release dates

References

Other websites
Captain America: The First Avenger's Official website

Category:2011 movies
Category:Superhero movies
Category:Marvel Cinematic Universe movies
Category:Movies based on comic book characters
Category:2010s superhero movies

Captain America: The First Avenger


Salem is an American supernatural fiction drama television show. It was created by Brannon Braga and Adam Simon. The first episode was made public on April 20, 2014. Salem is WGN America's first scripted series. Janet Montgomery and Shane West are the main actors/actresses of the show. Salem is influenced by the Salem Witch Trials in the 17th century.

Overview
Salem is a fictional story that is based on the real Salem Witch Trials in colonial Massachusetts. The Massachusetts government at the time was dominated by conservative Puritan leaders. Unlike today there was little difference between church and state.

In 1692 the Puritan colony was affected by young girls "crying out" accusations of devil worship against other members of the congregation. A mix of fear and superstition caused a hysteria among the Puritans that devil-worshiping witches were among them. A mob mentality caused people to torture and execute others women (and a few men) for no reason other than hysteria over the possibility of them being witches. Over 150 people were accused of being witches and placed on trial.

Salem, the WGN America series, reworks this history into a fictional story full of magic, witches as actual beings, and sexy characters. In the TV series the main characters, John Alden (Shane West) and Mary Sibley (Janet Montgomery), find themselves in love even though the whole town is in a frenzy over witch hunts. The New York Times review called it "perversely entertaining."

Cast
Most of the characters are based on the names of real people.

 Janet Montgomery as Mary Sibley
 Shane West as Captain John Alden
 Seth Gabel as Cotton Mather
 Tamzin Merchant as Anne Hale
 Ashley Madekwe as Tituba
 Elise Eberle as Mercy Lewis
 Iddo Goldberg as Isaac Walton
 Xander Berkeley as Magistrate Hale
 Oliver Bell as John
 Joe Doyle as Baron Sebastian von Marburg

Reviews

Salem scored 49 out of 100, based on 16 critic reviews on Metacritic. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season scored 54%, with an average rating of 5.5 out of 10 based on 26 critic reviews. The show was also nominated for two awards.

Other websites
 Salem on IMDb
 Salem on TV Guide

References

Category:2014 American television series debuts
Category:Drama television series

Salem (TV series)


Gymnastics is a sport which involves doing exercises which need strength, flexibility, balance and control. This may include running, jumping, tumbling, somersaulting, flipping and balancing.

In women's gymnastics, there are four activities: floor, uneven bars, balance beam, and vault.  In men's gymnastics, there are six activities: floor exercise, parallel bars, high bar, pommel horse, vault, and rings.

Gymnastics is a Summer Olympic sport.
Gymnastics are not just for  girls they can also be for boys aswell

History
Gymnastics began as a form of exercise in ancient Greece.  It was one of the first sports in the Olympics.

Forms of gymnastics
There are several forms of gymnastics, including rhythmic gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, acrobatics, trampolining, and wheel gymnastics and no handed gymnastics. In artistic gymnastics, gymnasts perform short routines using different pieces of equipment.  Acrobatics involves showing balance and performing flips on the floor or in the air.  In trampolining, gymnasts do routines using only the trampoline.  Wheel gymnasts exercise in a large wheel called a German wheel.

In rhythmic gymnastics, gymnasts perform with ribbons, rope, ball, hoop and clubs.  Usually, only females do rhythmic gymnastics because they are more flexible than males.

Other websites

 FM Gymnastics- a list of Techniques and free animated comic tutorials for Floor Gymnastics.

Websites of the federations

Federation Internationale de Gymnastique
  Gimnasia Argentina
  Gymnastics Australia
  Brazilian Gymnastics Federation
  Gymnastics Canada
  Chinese Gymnastics Association
  Fédération Française de Gymnastique
  Federazione Ginnastica d'Italia
  Japan Gymnastic Association
  Mexican Gymnastics Federation
  Romanian Gymnastics Federation
  Russian Gymnastics Federation
  British Gymnastics
  USA Gymnastics

Gymnastics


is a train station in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

Lines
 East Japan Railway Company
 Yamada Line

Adjacent stations

Category:Iwate Prefecture
Category:Railway stations in Japan

Kuzakai Station


, also called negima, is a Japanese food consisting of broiled strips of beef soaked in teriyaki sauce and rolled with scallions, also known as negi.  They are thought to have originated from the Kantō region of Japan.

Category:Japanese food
Category:Meat dishes

Negimaki


The Republic of the Congo is a country in Africa. Its capital city is Brazzaville. The country was a former colony of France; it became independent on 15 August 1960.
The north of the country has very large areas of rainforest, but in the south are many farms which grow cashcrops like bananas, peanuts.

Geography
Congo is in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa.  It is along the Equator.  To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bordered by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short Atlantic coast.

The capital, Brazzaville, is on the Congo River, directly across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Departments

The Republic of the Congo is divided into 12 Departments. Departments are divided into communes and/or districts.

The districts are:

Related pages
Congo at the Olympics
List of rivers of the Republic of the Congo

Books about the Republic of the Congo
 Maria Petringa, Brazza, A Life for Africa (2006)

References

Congo, Republic of
Category:1960 establishments in Africa

Republic of the Congo


Melaka (formerly known as Malacca) is a state in Malaysia that is on the southern part of Malay Peninsula. The Strait of Malacca is to the south. The capital city of Malacca is Malacca City.

References

Other websites

Category:States of Malaysia

Malacca


North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and includes the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire.

The highest point in the region is The Cheviot, in Northumberland, at 815m and the largest city is Newcastle. Sunderland is the second-largest.

The region is known for its urban centres and for its natural beauty: Northumberland National Park, the region's coastline, its section of the Pennines and Weardale. It also has great historic importance. There are two World Heritage Sites: Durham Cathedral and Hadrian's Wall.

Local government
The official region consists of the following subdivisions:

Key: shire county = † | metropolitan county = *

Other websites

 North East England
 The North East HUB
 North East Regional Assembly
 The North East Biodiversity Forum
 Future Races in North East England

North East England


A Newtonian fluid is a fluid, where the ratio between shear stress changes linearly in proportion to the stress it is exposed to. This proportion is known as viscosity. Note that the inverse is not true; there are fluids with constant viscosity, that are Non-Newtonian fluids: one example is the Boger fluid.

Category:Fluid mechanics

Newtonian fluid


Allen Lester Crabbe III (born April 9, 1992) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the California Golden Bears.

References

Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Portland Trail Blazers players

Allen Crabbe


Events
 Castle of Carimate destroyed.
 Nur ad-Din defeats the Principality of Antioch at the Battle of Inab.

1149


A hydride is a compound with hydrogen bonded to other elements. Except for a few of the Noble gases, all of the elements in the periodic table can form hydrides. The properties of hydrides can be very different, but some of the hydrides have similar properties.

Metallic hydrides: compounds with ionic bonding. They are very reactive, making them difficult to dissolve. Most alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form ionic hydrides.

Metallic or Interstitial hydrides: These have metallic properties like good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. They are called interstitial because hydrogen can enter the metallic lattice (framework of metal atoms). Metallic hydrides are mostly formed from the metals in the groups 3 to 5 of the periodic table. Some of these are used in the nickel metal-hydride battery.

Covalent hydrides: These have covalent bonds between hydrogen and the other element. Most of the p-block elements form covalent hydrides. Many of these hydrides are unstable in air or water or when heated. Hydrocarbons are the hydrides of carbon, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, and water is a hydride of oxygen.

category:Chemistry

Hydride


Bigelow  is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Category:Cities in Arkansas

Bigelow, Arkansas


Rodney "Rod" Milgate (30 June 1934 – 23 September 2014) was an Australian painter, newsreader, actor and playwright. During the 1960s, he was a newsreader on Channel 7. He was also the Professor of the Visual Arts School of the City Art Institute at the University of New South Wales. He was given the Blake Prize for Religious Art three times. He also wrote more than ten stage plays between 1966 and 1996. He also published a novel in 1978. He also acted in his plays, and in 1960, he appeared in three television movies.

Milgate was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He married actress Dinah Shearing in 1960. They had two sons, Matthew and Adam. He was an agnostic.

Milgate died from a heart attack on 23 September 2014 at his home in northern Sydney. He was 80.

References

Other websites

 Rodney Milgate at AustralianPlays

Category:1934 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Actors from Sydney
Category:Agnostics
Category:Australian educators
Category:Australian movie actors
Category:Australian painters
Category:Australian playwrights
Category:Australian stage actors
Category:Australian television actors
Category:Australian television presenters
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in New South Wales
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Disease-related deaths in Sydney
Category:Writers from Sydney

Rodney Milgate


Stuart, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Category:Towns in Virginia
Category:County seats in Virginia

Stuart, Virginia


A dipstick is a tool which can be dipped into liquid to measure how much of it there is, or to test it for things.

Testing dipstick
A testing dipstick is usually made of paper or cardboard. It contains substances which change colour when something is found in a liquid.

Measuring dipstick

Measuring dipsticks show the amount of liquid in a container. These containers are usually hard to access. Measuring dipsticks are used by inserting and removing the stick and then checking how much of the stick is covered by the liquid. The oil level dipstick is an example of a measuring dipstick found on most internal combustion engines.

Category:Science
Category:Engineering
Category:Tools

Dipstick


"Come as You Are" is a song by the American grunge band Nirvana. It was the second single from their second album, Nevermind, the first was the enormously popular "Smells Like Teen Spirit". It is one of the band's most famous songs. Rolling Stone magazine named it as the 445th on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

Music video
There was a music video for the song. It has a lot of random scenes, such as Kurt Cobain sitting on a chandelier hanging from a ceiling, a handgun floating in a swimming pool, and a baby swimming in that pool (a reference to the cover art of Nevermind.)

Release
After the single was released, the English post-punk band Killing Joke became angry at Nirvana for supposedly ripping off their song "Eighties".

Nirvana thought that "Smells Like Teen Spirit", the previous single from Nevermind, would not be very popular, and that "Come as You Are" would be a big hit. However, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" became the band's most famous song and one of the most famous songs ever, even though Come as You Are was also popular.

Other versions of the song
On November 18, 1993, Nirvana played "Come as You Are" on their show on MTV Unplugged. The show contained mostly their unpopular songs and covers of other artists' songs; "Come as You Are" was the only hit they played.

Category:Nirvana songs
Category:1992 songs

Come as You Are


Discipline is the tenth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. It was released by Island Records on February 26, 2008. It was her first album released on Island Records. It is also her last album as she has decided to leave Island Records and release her albums herself. Jackson was unhappy with Island's promotion of the album.

Critical

Dicipline received generally favorable reviews from critics. Metacritic gave it a Metascore of 61.

Track listing

(*) denotes co-producer

Personnel

 Janet Jackson – vocals, background vocals, producer, executive producer, vocal producer
 Judi Acosta-Stewart – production coordination
 Ashaunna Ayars – marketing
 Chuando & Frey – art direction, photography, packaging
 Dave Clauss – assistant engineer
 Fran Cooper – make-up
 Carol Corless – package production
 Ian Cross – mixing assistant, vocal engineer, vocal producer
 LaShawn Daniels – vocal arrangement
 Eric Dawkins – background vocals, vocal arrangement
 Mike Donaldson – engineer, digital editing, effects
 The-Dream – producer
 Jermaine Dupri – producer, executive producer, mixing, vocal producer
 Missy Elliott – rap
 Dernst Emile – guitar, producer, vocal arrangement, instrumentation
 Paul Foley – engineer, mixing
 Brian Gardner – mastering
 Kenneth Goh – stylist
 David Gough – producer
 Kuk Harrell – engineer
 Tor Erik Hermanson – instrumentation
 John Horesco IV – guitar, engineer, vocal engineer
 Josh Houghkirk – engineer
 Kegan Houston – assistant engineer
 Ernie Isley – guitar
 Rodney Jerkins – producer, mixing, instrumentation

 Terese Joseph – A&R
 Doug Joswick – package production
 Daniel Laporte – engineer
 Jaymz Hardy Martin III – engineer
 Diane McDonald – production coordination
 Ne-Yo – co-producer
 No I.D. – producer
 Carlos Oyanedel – assistant
 Dave Pensado – mixing
 R. City – vocals
 J. Peter Robinson – art direction, packaging
 Manuel Seal, Jr. – co-producer, vocal producer
 Telisha Shaw – vocals
 Chris Soper – assistant engineer
 Eric Stamile – co-producer
 Stargate – producers
 Chris "Tricky" Stewart – producer
 Shakir Stewart – A&R
 Phil Tan – mixing, vocal mixing
 Robert Taylor "R.T." – electric guitar
 Angie Teo – assistant engineer
 Brian "B Luv" Thomas – engineer
 Delisha Thomas – vocals
 Pat Thrall – engineer
 Roberto Vazquez – engineer, mixing
 Chris Viecco – vocals
 Brian Woodring – engineer
 Andrew Wuepper – mixing assistant
 Janet Zeitoun – hair stylist

Charts

Weekly charts

Certifications

Year-end charts

References

Category:2008 albums
Category:Janet Jackson albums
Category:Island Records albums
Category:Dance albums
Category:Hip hop albums
Category:R&B albums

Discipline (Janet Jackson album)