The lesser prairie chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a bird in the grouse family. It is similar to the greater prairie chicken but is slightly smaller and paler in color.

About half of this species live in western Kansas. They are also found in Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas.

References

Other websites

BirdLife Species Factsheet
Lesser Prairie-Chicken videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Category:Birds of the United States

Lesser prairie chicken


George Crabbe (born Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 24 December 1754; died Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 3 February 1832) was an English poet and naturalist. His poem The Borough which describes life in a small town in Suffolk, inspired Benjamin Britten to compose his opera Peter Grimes.

Life
George Crabbe was born in Aldeburgh, Suffolk. His father was a tax collector. As a child he loved poetry. In 1768, he was apprenticed to a local doctor, but he did not learn much from him. In 1771 he changed masters and moved to Woodbridge. There he met Sarah Elmy, who was to become his wife. She had the patience to wait until he had finished his medical studies before marrying him. She encouraged him in his verse writing. In 1775 he published his first work: Inebriety. In 1780 he decided to give up being a doctor. He borrowed some money and went to London where he tried to become known as a poet. It took several years, during which time he became a clergyman. He became chaplain to the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire.

Crabbe became well-known when he wrote a poem called The Village (1783). It was a long poem which described life in the country as he had known it. In 1783, he married Sarah. In 1814, he became Rector of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, where he stayed. Now that he had a family he did not feel any more need to write poetry and so he wrote nothing for 22 years. He then wrote more poems about the village community, including The Borough (1810). By the time of his death, he was well known and a friend of William Wordsworth, Sir Walter Scott and other important literary figures of the time.

Crabbe also knew a lot about insects and made a detailed study of beetles.

Use in 20th century opera
Like George Crabbe, the composer Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) also came from Aldeburgh. When he was in America during World War II he read Crabbe's poem The Borough. It made him homesick and he decided to return to England. He wrote an opera Peter Grimes which was based on Crabbe's poem. It is one of the greatest operas of the 20th century.

References

Category:1754 births
Category:1832 deaths
Category:English poets
Category:Naturalists
Category:Writers from Suffolk

George Crabbe


Ambush marketing is a form of marketing. Many events, especially in sports have sponsors. These sponsors pay money, which makes it possible to hold the event. In return for this, they get publicity and media coverage. Ambush marketing is a name given to marketing campaigns that are also done around the event, but where no money is paid for the event.
There are many very important events where one company will pay money to become the exclusive sponsor of the event (or in a category of the event). This creates a problem for other brands or companies. These other brands then find ways to promote themselves in connection with the same event. They do not pay the sponsorship fee. Even if they wanted to, they could not, because one brand is the exclusive sponsor. They also do not break any laws.

Famous "ambush marketing"
 1984 Summer Olympics; Kodak sponsors TV broadcasts of the games as well as the US track team even though Fujifilm is the official sponsor.
 1988 Summer Olympics; Fujifilm sponsors the games, but Kodak is the official sponsor.
 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona; Nike sponsors press conferences with the US basketball team despite Reebok being the official sponsor. During ceremonies, the players covered their Reebok logos.
 1994 Winter Olympics; American Express sponsors the games despite Visa being the official sponsor.
 1996 Atlanta Olympics; sprinter Linford Christie wore contact lenses embossed with the Puma AG logo at the press conference preceding the 100 metres final, despite Reebok being the official sponsor.
 1996 Atlanta Olympics; Messages On Hold strategically infiltrates a banner within the camera frame as US runner Jon Drummond prepares for the opening leg of 4x100 relay final. The moment is broadcast live across the world.
 1996 Cricket World Cup; Pepsi ran a series of advertisements titled "Nothing official about it" targeting the official sponsor Coca Cola.
 1998 World Cup; Nike sponsored a number of teams competing in the Cup despite Adidas being the official sponsor.
 2000 Sydney Olympics; Qantas Airlines’ slogan "The Spirit of Australia" sounds strikingly similar to the games’ slogan "Share the Spirit." despite Ansett Air being the official sponsor.
 2002 Boston Marathon; as Adidas-sponsored runners come off the course Nike are treated to spray-painted messages honoring the day of the race, but not the race itself.
 2003 Cricket World Cup; Indian players threatened to strike over concerns that the anti-ambush marketing rules were too strict. Of particular concern was the length of time before and after the cup that players were not allowed to endorse a rival to one of the official sponsors. Players argued that if they had pre-existing contracts that they would be in breach of them if they were to accept the ICC's rules.
 2006 FIFA World Cup; fans of the Netherlands had to disrobe Bavaria Brewery's leeuwenhosen because Budweiser was the official beer sponsor.

Future of ambush marketing
For the 2011 Rugby World Cup and the 2015 Cricket World Cup, New Zealand is planning to make laws to combat ambush marketing, according to former Sports Minister Trevor Mallard.

References

Other websites
 International report on Ambush Marketing

Category:Marketing

Ambush marketing


Club de Fútbol Pachuca is a Mexican professional football team from Pachuca, Hidalgo. They compete in the Mexican Premier Division. Founded by Cornish miners in 1901, it is amongst the oldest Mexican football clubs in existence. They won five national championships, four CONCACAF Champions' Cups, the 2007 SuperLiga, and one Copa Sudamericana in 2006. It is also an original member of the Mexican Primera División.

Honours

National

Professional era
Mexican Primera División: 5
Invierno 1999, Invierno 2001, Apertura 2003, Clausura 2006, Clausura 2007
  Primera División A: 2
1995-96, Invierno 1997.
 Segunda División de México Cup: 1
1965-66
 Segunda División B de México: 1
1987-88

Amateur era
 Campeonato del Distrito Federal: 3
1904-05, 1917-18, 1919-20

International
CONCACAF Champions' Cup / Champions League: 4
2002, 2007, 2008, 2009–10
North American SuperLiga: 1
2007
Copa Sudamericana: 1
2006

Other tournaments
Copa Tower: 2
1907-08, 1911-12
Copa Pachuca: 3
2000, 2004, 2009
 Carlsberg Cup: 1
2008
 Copa Amistad: 1
2008
 Copa Durango 450: 1
2013

References

Category:Mexican football clubs
Category:1901 establishments in North America
Category:1900s establishments in Mexico

C.F. Pachuca


Shefford is a town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England. As of 2011 5,880 people lived in Shefford. There is archaeological evidence of Roman occupation here about the 1st century AD. In 1225 a Charter was granted to hold a market here. In 1312, Shefford was granted another charter to hold an annual fair at Michaelmas (September 29th). It is still held as a street fair every year on October 11th. In the 14th century a chapel was built here. Part of the church tower still exists. Shefford was divided between the parishes of Clifton, Campton, Meppershall and Southill. It was called Shefford-cum-Campton. Shefford became a parish in the early 19th century.

References

Category:Towns in Bedfordshire
Category:Civil parishes in Bedfordshire

Shefford, Bedfordshire


Arlene Martel (April 14, 1936 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress and acting coach. She played Fiona on Perry Mason She played Tiger in the show Hogan's Heroes. She was in the award-winning The Outer Limits episode "Demon With a Glass Hand" with Robert Culp. She played the Vulcan T'Pring in the Star Trek episode "Amok Time".

Martel was born in The Bronx, New York. She died from a heart attack at age 78 in Los Angeles, California.

Category:Actors from New York City
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:1936 births
Category:2014 deaths

Arlene Martel


Raymond Domenech (born 24 January 1952) is a French football player and manager. He played for France national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1970/71||rowspan="8"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="8"|Division 1||37||2
|-
|1971/72||32||1
|-
|1972/73||38||0
|-
|1973/74||27||0
|-
|1974/75||35||3
|-
|1975/76||36||0
|-
|1976/77||34||1
|-
|1977/78||7||0
|-
|1977/78||rowspan="4"|Strasbourg||rowspan="4"|Division 1||30||1
|-
|1978/79||37||2
|-
|1979/80||38||1
|-
|1980/81||23||0
|-
|1981/82||Paris Saint-Germain||Division 1||19||1
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="2"|Girondins Bordeaux||rowspan="2"|Division 1||18||2
|-
|1983/84||22||1
|-
|1984/85||rowspan="2"|Mulhouse||rowspan="2"|Division 2||12||0
|-
|1985/86||1||0
446||15
446||15
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||0||0
|-
|1975||2||0
|-
|1976||3||0
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||2||0
|-
!Total||8||0
|}

References

Category:1952 births
Category:French footballers
Category:French football managers
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Lyon

Raymond Domenech


The square metre (or square meter) is the SI-derived unit of area. It has a symbol m² (33A1 in Unicode). It is defined as the area of a square whose sides measure exactly one metre.  The square metre is derived from the SI base unit of the metre, which in turn is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in absolute vacuum during a time interval of  of a second.

Adding SI prefixes creates multiples and submultiples. However, as the unit is squared, the order of magnitude difference between units doubles from their comparable linear units.  For example, a kilometre is one thousand times the length of a metre, but a square kilometre is one million times the area of a square metre.

A "square metre" is not the same thing as a "metre square"  - although it is true that exactly 1 square metre is exactly 1 meter square. But that only works for the numbers 1 and 0; no others.

For example, a square that is 2 metres long and 2 metres wide has 4 square metres of area.

But a square that is 4 metres squared would have 4 metres on each side. This means it would have 16 square metres of area.

That is,  is 4 meters squared, whereas  is 4 square meters.

SI prefixes applied to the square metre
The square metre may be used with all SI prefixes used with the metre.

Conversions

A square metre is equal to:
 0.000 001 square kilometre (km²)
 10,000 square centimetres (cm²)
 0.000 1 hectares (ha)
 0.01 ares (a)
 1 centiare (ca)
 0.000 247 105 381 acres
 1.195 990 square yards
 10.763 911 square feet
 1,550.003 1 square inches

Related pages

Notes

Other websites
BIPM (SI maintenance agency) (home page)
BIPM brochure (SI reference)

Category:Units of area

Square metre


El Tío ("The Uncle") is believed in Potosí, Bolivia to be the lord of the underworld. There are many statues of this spirit looking like a devil in the mines. El Tío rules over the mines, and is said to give both protection and destruction.

Category:Gods and goddesses
Category:Bolivia

El Tio


The Kingdom of Tungning was the first Han Chinese government to rule Taiwan. It ruled between 1661 and 1683. It was a pro-Ming Dynasty kingdom. It was started by Koxinga, after the destruction of Ming government by the Manchu. Koxinga was son of a pirate who was a supporter of the Ming Dynasty. He hoped to get his soldiers together on Taiwan and use it as a base to get back mainland China for the Ming Dynasty.

Names

The Kingdom of Tungning is also sometimes known as:
The Kingdom of Zheng (Cheng)
The Kingdom of Yanping.
The Koxinga dynasty.

Admiral Koxinga called Taiwan Tungtu/Dongdu. In western history books it is known as the Kingdom of Taiwan,.

History

In 1661, Koxinga forced a landing at Luerhmen, Taiwan. In less than a year, he took Fort Zeelandia and made an agreement  with Frederick Coyett, the Dutch governor. The Dutch gave him the fort and left all the goods and property of the Dutch East India Company behind. All the Dutch people, officials and soldiers were able take their personal things and supplies back to Batavia in safety. This ended 38 years of Dutch colonial rule on Taiwan. Koxinga kept himself busy making Taiwan into a useful base for anti-Qing Dynasty supporters who hoped to get the Ming Dynasty back to power.

In 1662, at the age of 39, Koxinga died of malaria. Some people said that he died in a sudden fit of craziness when he heard about the death of his father under the Qing. His son, Zheng Jing, took control as the ruler of Taiwan, with the name of Prince of Yanping.

For the next 19 years, Zheng Jing tried to run the country and rebuild his army in Taiwan. Contact with the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty from the China through ambassadors was frequent. Zheng Jing fought the Qing to defend Xiamen, Quemoy and the Pescadores islands, which he finally lost over the years. His small army army was not big enough to defend the islands from the Qing. During Revolt of the Three Feudatories, Zheng Jing started an attack in the Fujian area. At the end of the revolt, Zheng's army was defeated. After the defeat, Zheng went back to Taiwan where he spent his time with wine and women, dying soon after of illness. After his death, his generals and ministers were split into two groups, each supporting one of his sons to take take over. After some fighting, Zheng Keshuang, his 12 year old son, became the new king.

In 1683, after the Battle of Penghu, Zheng Keshuang gave himself up to the Qing. His kingdom was added to the Qing Dynasty as part of the Fujian Province.

What the kingdom means today
The Kingdom of Tungning lasted for just over 20 years. Because its history is almost the same as modern Taiwan, it has great symbolic value.

After its defeat in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the Republic of China (ROC), led by the Kuomintang, went to Taiwan. They left mainland China to the Communist Party who started the People's Republic of China (PRC). For many years, the ROC planned to take control of the mainland. It kept island bases close to the mainland (for example, Quemoy). This was the same as Koxinga and his sons had done. The ROC has now become a democracy and no longer wants to take over the mainland. The political and territorial arrangement has not changed. In this way, it is the same as between the Qing/Koxinga situation and the current PRC/ROC situation.

The Kuomintang of the ROC have talked a lot about the goals of Koxinga. They were going to use Taiwan as a base for returning their government to Mainland China. They see themselves as the defenders of the ROC. They see Taiwan as a base from which the ROC will take back control of the mainland. The PRC talks about the fact that Koxinga freed Taiwan from Dutch colonialism for the sake of the motherland. They do not talk about the fact that Koxinga was trying to get rid of the mainland government, to bring back an earlier dynasty.

References

Category:History of China
Category:History of Taiwan

Kingdom of Tungning


YouTube Premium, previously known as YouTube Red is a premium subscription service to YouTube. It allows users to watch videos without any advertisements and allows users to download videos to their mobile devices (but not desktop computers). It costs $11 USD per month as of April 2020, with a free trial being provided new users.

Other websites

Category:YouTube

YouTube Premium


Gary Austin (October 18, 1941 – April 1, 2017) was an American improvisational theatre teacher, writer, and director. He wrote two solo shows, "Church" and "Oil," and performed them coast to coast. His most recent show was "Gary Austin in Word And Song". He was known for directing the improvisational group The Groundlings.

Austin was born in Duncan, Oklahoma. He was raised in Dallas, Texas and in Santa Fe Springs, California. He studied at San Francisco State University. was married to Wenndy MacKenzie from 1990 until his death in 2017. They had one son together.

Austin died on April 1, 2017 after a long battle with cancer in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

Gary Austin at AND Theatre Company
Gary Austin at The Groundlings

Category:1941 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Category:American educators
Category:American entertainers
Category:Writers from Oklahoma
Category:Writers from San Francisco
Category:Writers from Dallas, Texas

Gary Austin


The Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition () is the leader of Canada's Official Opposition. It is the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons that is not the governing party or part of the governing coalition.

The current Leader of the Opposition is Andrew Scheer, M.P., who was elected Leader of the Conservative Party on May 27, 2017.

References

Category:Canadian politicians

Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)


David Cedric Morris (11 September 1924 – 29 October 2007) was an English painter and actor. He is best known for his role as Grandpa George in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005). His career as a professional actor started at the age of 79.

Morris was born in Folkestone, Kent. He was educated at the University of Oxford. Morris was married to Olwen Goowin from 1957 until his death in 2007. They had four children.

Morris died on Ocotber 29, 2007 from a heart attack in his home in Watford, Hertfordshire. He was 83 years old.

Movies

References

Other websites

Category:1924 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:Actors from Kent
Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:English movie actors
Category:English painters
Category:English stage actors
Category:English television actors
Category:People from Folkestone

David Morris


There are 894 communes in the Pas-de-Calais département, in France.

*
Pas-de-Calais

Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department


Per Andreas Hildte Kleppe (born 13 April 1923) is a Norwegian economist and politician. He is a member of the Labour Party. He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo from 1954–1957. He was a deputy member of Oslo city council from 1951 to 1955.

Kleppe was born in Oslo. He graduated from the University of Oslo in 1956.

He was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 1957 to 1962. He was the Minister of Trade and Shipping from 1971–1972. He later served as Minister of Finance from 1973 to 1979. In 1979, he was replaced by Ulf Sand, but Kleppe returned in 1981 to head the Secretariat for Long-Term Planning (until 1981).

In 1981 he took over as general secretary of the European Free Trade Association, a position he held until 1988.

References

Category:1923 births
Category:Living people
Category:Norwegian economists
Category:Norwegian politicians
Category:People from Oslo

Per Kleppe


Wolfgang Dauner (30 December 1935 – 10 January 2020) was a German jazz fusion pianist. He worked in the United Jazz and Rock Ensemble and with Hans Koller, Albert Mangelsdorff, Volker Kriegel and Ack van Rooyen. In 1969, he was leader and composer for Radio Jazz Group Stuttgart. A year later he started the jazz rock band Et Cetera.

Dauner died on 10 January 2020 in Stuttgart, Germany at the age of 84.

References

Category:1935 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:German composers
Category:German pianists
Category:Jazz musicians
Category:People from Stuttgart

Wolfgang Dauner


Ackley is a town in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 510 people living in Ackley as of the 2000 Census.  The town came into being on March 4, 1879.

The town has an area of 70.9 square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

References

Category:Langlade County, Wisconsin
Category:Towns in Wisconsin
Category:1879 establishments in the United States
Category:1870s establishments in Wisconsin

Ackley, Wisconsin


The German invasion of Norway occurred during the Second World War. It led to battles between the Allies and Germany. In April 1940, the United Kingdom and France came to help Norway by sending soldiers and warships. The Allies had to withdraw and the Norwegian government had to escape from Norway and seek exile in London. Even though the Germans occupied Norway, some Norwegians formed the Norwegian resistance and kept fighting the Germans. Norway held off the Germans for 62 days, making Norway the nation that withstood a German invasion for the longest period of time, after the Soviet Union.

Category:1940 in Europe
Category:1940s in Norway
Category:Invasions of World War II
Category:April events

German invasion of Norway


The donkey punch is an act during sexual intercourse. Some people wrongly think that if a man putting his penis in his partner's vagina or anus punches their back or head, the vagina and anus will become very tight, giving more pleasure to the man. In fact, no such reflex exists. In 2004, the pornography actress Gia Paloma was the first person to person to receive a donkey punch in a film.

References

Category:Sexual acts

Donkey punch


Taylor Daniel Lautner (; born February 11 1992) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jacob Black in the Twilight Saga movie series, though he has also been in family movies and done voiceover work for animated cartoons.

Early life
Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. His parents are Deborah, who works for a software development company, and Daniel Lautner, a commercial airline pilot. Lautner was raised as a Roman Catholic in Hudsonville, Michigan. He went to Jamestown Elementary School until the age of eleven, when the family moved to the Santa Clarita area. Lautner is of mostly Dutch, French, and German ancestry, and claims some Native American ancestry through his mother. He has a younger sister, Makena. He has learnt karate since the age of six.

Related pages
 Twilight (2008 movie)

References

Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Michigan
Category:American movie actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Actors from Grand Rapids, Michigan

Taylor Lautner


Hill City is a city in Graham County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Graham County. In 2010, 1,474 people lived there.

History
The first settlement at Hill City was made in 1876. This makes it the oldest town in Graham County. The community was named after W. R. Hill, a first settler. Hill City was platted in 1878. The first post office in Hill City was created in September 1878. Hill City was designated county seat in 1880. By 1915, Hill City had 647 people living there.

Geography
Hill City located at  (39.367319, -99.845558). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Weather
On June 26, 2012 the temperature reached 115 °F (46 °C), breaking the June record tied just 2 days earlier. It was the hottest city in the United States for four days in a row it had temperatures of 114°, 111°, 115°, and 115 °F (46°, 44°, 46°, and 46 °C).

On June 9, 2005 a large tornado passed 1 mile south of Hill City. A large tornado hit just north of the city on June 20, 2011.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,474 people, 669 households, and 404 families living in Hill City.

Education
Hill City is served by USD 281 Graham County. The district high school is in Hill City. The Hill City High School mascot is Ringnecks.

The Hill City Ringnecks have won the following Kansas State High School championships:
 1969 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
 1970 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
 1970 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
 1971 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
 1976 Girls Basketball - Class 2A
 1976 Girls Track & Field - Class 2A
 1978 Boys Basketball - Class 2A
 1978 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
 1979 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
 1997 Boys Track & Field - Class 2A
 1998 Boys Basketball - Class 2A

Famous people
 Charles V. Park (1885–1982), noted librarian for whom the Charles V. Park Library at Central Michigan University is named, was born in town.

References

Other websites
City
 City of Hill City
 Hill City - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 281, local school district
Maps
 Hill City Map, KDOT

Category:Cities in Kansas
Category:County seats in Kansas
Category:Graham County, Kansas
Category:1876 establishments in Kansas

Hill City, Kansas


The dissolution of the monasteries was an event that happened from 1536 to 1540, when English King Henry VIII took away the land and money that the nuns and monks of the Roman Catholic church owned. Henry VIII then gave this land and money to people that supported him.

This was also when Henry VIII made himself the new head of the Church of England (which is a type of Christianity). Parliament made the Act of Supremacy to give him the right to do both these things. It was part of the Protestant Reformation in England.

Category:History of the British Isles
Category:Anglicanism
Category:Protestant Reformation

Dissolution of the monasteries


Peter J. Jacobson (born March 24, 1965) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He played Randy Dworkin in Law and Order, and Dr. Taub in House. He also did the voice of Acer in Cars 2. Jacobson was born in Chicago, Illinois to Walter Jacobson. He studied at Brown University.

References

Other websites

Category:1965 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Actors from Chicago

Peter Jacobson


Betschwanden is a former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.

Other websites

Official website of Betschwanden

Category:Former municipalities of Glarus
Category:2011 disestablishments in Switzerland

Betschwanden


A sequel is a story, book, or movie that comes or takes place after another story, book, or movie. The opposite is called a prequel. A combination of the two makes a midquel. When there are many sequels, this is called a film series.

A sequel has important parts of the first story like characters and places. Audiences like sequels because they have more of the characters and places they like. Storytellers and publishers like sequels because they are popular and people buy them.

Sequel names are often similar to the name of a first story or other stories in a series. They often have a second title or a number to show that they are alike or different from a first story or other stories in a series. Sometimes sequels have different names in different countries because they mean different things to different audiences.

Category:Literary terms
Category:Movie industry

Sequel


Sarah Fimm is a singer-songwriter from Oklahoma. She lives in Woodstock, New York. She has released six albums. Her first album, Cocooned, was released in 2001.

References

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:American singer-songwriters
Category:Singers from Oklahoma

Sarah Fimm


Corals are formed by small animals, the polyps of the phylum Cnidaria.

Characteristics

The corals are marine, either on continental shelves or round oceanic islands. They live in colonies.

All the polyps in a colony are zooids: they are all clones, genetically identical. Inside the colony they breed by asexual reproduction. They also reproduce sexually. Colonies of the same species release gametes together, over one, two or three nights around a full moon.

Each coral animal is like a small bag. The opening on top is the mouth. Tentacles (little arms) around the mouth carry stinging nematocysts, which paralyse the small animals eaten by the coral polyps.

Coral usually grows in tropical oceans. A few corals grow in cold water, like the oceans around the British Isles and Norway.

Symbiosis
Most corals get energy and nutrients from symbiosis with photosynthetic unicellular algae called zooxanthellae. Such corals need sunlight and grow in clear, shallow water, typically at depths less than 60 metres (200 ft).

Many corals (and some other cnidaria) live with zooxanthellae of the genus Symbiodinium, which are dinoflagellates. Usually, each polyp harbours one species of algae. By photosynthesis, these provide energy for the coral, and help calcification.

The algae benefit from a safe place to live and consume the polyp's carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste. Due to the strain the algae can put on the polyp, the coral often ejects the algae. Mass ejections are known as coral bleaching, because the algae contribute to coral's brown coloration. Ejection increases the polyp's chance of surviving short-term stress—they can regain algae, possibly of a different species, at a later time. If the stressful conditions persist, the polyp eventually dies.

Coral reefs
A coral reef is a place where many corals grow. The reef makes good places for many other animals, such as fish, crabs, clams, and sponges.

Each coral animal secretes calcium carbonate around itself. This makes the solid structure of the colony. When the animal dies, new polyps live on top of the older structure. The rock they make is also called coral.

They are called coral skeletons. Each different kind of coral colony builds a different kind of skeleton, so that colonies can be shaped like a brain, a mushroom, a cabbage, or many other things. With all these corals gathered together building skeletons around themselves, large coral formations are made. Together, all the coral formations in one place make up a coral reef.

Coral can also be used as jewellery.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Coral Reefs and Hard Grounds information from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
 Coral Reefs of the Tropics: facts, photos and movies from The Nature Conservancy
 Australian Coral Records Research Group

Category:Cnidarians
Category:Invertebrates

Coral


The Division of Forde is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1984, and is named after Frank Forde, Prime Minister of Australia in 1945. At first it covered the southern suburbs of Brisbane, but changes have moved the area of the division into the semi-rural areas south of the city. This includes Beenleigh, Bethania, Boronia Heights, Chambers Flat, Cornubia, Eagleby, Edens Landing, Loganholme, Logan Reserve, Mount Warren Park, Ormeau Hills, Park Ridge, Tanah Merah, Upper Coomera, Waterford, Waterford West and Windaroo as well as parts of Daisy Hill, Heritage Park, Loganlea, Munruben, Ormeau, Park Ridge South and Shailer Park.

Members

On 8 August 2013, it was announced former Queensland Premier Peter Beattie would contest the seat of Forde at the 2013 election.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Forde (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission

Category:Electoral divisions of Australia
Category:Queensland
Category:1984 establishments in Australia

Division of Forde


Rickettsia is a unique genus classified between a virus and a bacteria. The organism is unique in that it has a cell wall and exists only in living cells like a virus, but is susceptible to antibiotics like bacteria.

The method of growing Rickettsia in chicken embryos was invented by Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues at Vanderbilt University in the early 1930s.

category:Gram-negative bacteria

Rickettsia


Cremona is a province in the region of Lombardy in Italy.

Cremona

Province of Cremona


Franz Vranitzky (born 4 October 1937) is an Austrian politician. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997. In 1984, Vranitzky joined the SPÖ-Freedom Party (FPÖ) government coalition under Chancellor Fred Sinowatz as minister of finance. He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.

References

Other websites

Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chancellors of Austria
Category:Business people

Franz Vranitzky


The Prime Minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

The Prime Minister is appointed by the King of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet.

The Parliament of Jordan then approves the programs of the new government through a vote of confidence. There are no constitutional limits on a Prime Minister's term, and several of them served multiple non-consecutive terms.

References

Prime Minister of Jordan


The Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) was a group of colleges and universities, mostly in the Midwestern United States plus one in Alaska, that played NCAA Division I hockey against one another every season. The conference, formed in 1971, folded after the 2012–13 season.

The end for the CCHA came after the Big Ten Conference, home to three of the CCHA's most important members (Michigan, Michigan State, and Ohio State), announced in 2011 that it would start a men's hockey league in the 2013–14 season. Soon after the Big Ten announcement, a group of six schools—five from the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) plus CCHA member Miami (Ohio)—formed the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC), which began play in 2013–14. Within a few months, all of the other CCHA schools said they would also leave, with Western Michigan joining the NCHC, Notre Dame joining Hockey East, and the rest joining the WCHA.

The conference only sponsored men's ice hockey—only one of the CCHA's 11 final members had a varsity women's hockey team, namely Ohio State. The champion was automatically invited to the NCAA Division I men's hockey tournament.

The CCHA members in its final season of 2012–13 were:
 University of Alaska Fairbanks ("Alaska") — now in the WCHA
 Bowling Green State University ("Bowling Green") — now in the WCHA
 Ferris State University — now in the WCHA
 Lake Superior State University — now in the WCHA
 Miami University (often called "Miami (Ohio)" to avoid confusion with the University of Miami in Florida, although that school does not play hockey) — now in the NCHC
 University of Michigan — now in the Big Ten hockey league
 Michigan State University — now in the Big Ten hockey league
 Northern Michigan University — now in the WCHA
 University of Notre Dame — now in Hockey East
 Ohio State University — now in the Big Ten hockey league
 Western Michigan University — now in the NCHC

References

Category:1971 establishments in the United States
Category:2013 disestablishments in the United States

Central Collegiate Hockey Association


Écourt-Saint-Quentin is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Écourt-Saint-Quentin


Nam June Paik (July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a Korean-born American artist. He is often thought to be the first video artist.

In 1971, he made a cello out of three television sets and some cello strings. Then he got a famous cellist to play the cello.

Starting with his debut, he started the neo-dadaism movement. In 2006, he died of natural causes.

References

Category:American artists
Category:1932 births
Category:2006 deaths

Nam June Paik


In My Mind is the first studio album by American recording artist and record producer Pharrell Williams. It was released on July 25, 2006. The album features the hit single "Can I Have It Like That" which features American singer Gwen Stefani. The album is mainly a hip hop album with R&B styles.

Reviews

The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics.

Track listing
All songs produced by Pharrell Williams.

Grammy Nomination
The album was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2007 Grammy Awards. It lost to Release Therapy by Ludacris.

Notes
 A song titled "Mamacita", which featured reggaeton artist Daddy Yankee was leaked in early 2006 and was supposed to be the third single from the album, but it did not appear on the final track listing, nor was there a video for the song, but it is featured in the movie The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift.
 Not on the official album, "Big White Spaceship" (featuring Timbaland & Magoo) is actually an early project with Timbaland & Magoo called Surrounded by Idiots. Pharrell recalls in an interview: "In seventh grade I met Chad. That's twenty years ago by now. Like I said earlier, we started producing beats together. But then again, I also played with this famous group which consisted of Timbaland, Magoo, myself and some other guy. Chad wasn't a part of the group, so I was in The Neptunes and in Surrounded by Idiots at the same time." A few tracks produced by the group float around on the Internet, this being the most distributed. In 2005 Danny! recorded a remix to this song, removing vocals from Timbaland & Magoo, and placed it as a hidden track on his F.O.O.D. album.
 The song "Skateboard P Presents: Show You How to Hustle" is featured in the game Need for Speed: Carbon.
 Other songs presumed to be B-sides or possibly just unreleased Pharrell compositions include "Creamsickle" and "I Need Love".
 The album cover is a reference to the art style of BAPE, a Japanese street clothing company that is popular in the urban scene. Williams and founder Nigo launched the first American store in New York together.
 The initial pressing offered buyers a choice of three covers; each cover had Pharrell pictured with either a Blue Ice Cream sweater, Red and White Polo Shirt, or White Billionaire Boys Club T-shirt as shown above.
 A remixed version of the album, titled "Out of My Mind", was produced, but was never officially released. This remixed version of the album featured interpolated instrumentals by drummer, Questlove and James Poyser, of the hip hop group The Roots.

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

References

Category:2006 albums
Category:Debut albums
Category:Hip hop albums
Category:Pharrell Williams
Category:R&B albums

In My Mind


"Arma-Goddamn-Motherfuckin-Geddon'" is a industrial rock song by the American rock band Marilyn Manson and is the first single from their seventh studio album The High End of Low, which was released in 2009. There is a remix of the song by the Swedish rock band, Teddybears. The song reached number 37 on the U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks.

References

Category:2009 songs
Category:Industrial music

Arma-Goddamn-Motherfuckin-Geddon


"Rolling in the Deep" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele. It is from her second studio album, 21. The song was written by Adele and Paul Epworth. Adele has described it as a "dark blues-y gospel disco tune". It was released as the lead single on 29 November 2010 in the Netherlands. "Rolling in the Deep'" became Adele's first number-one hit single in the United States and Canada. It was also her first top-five hit in several countries.

Critics have given positive reviews for the song. It reached number one in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. It also reached top ten in Austria, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway. The song debuted at number two in the United Kingdom. There, it became Adele's third top-ten single.

"Rolling in the Deep" became Adele's second single to chart in the United States. After that, it became her first single to go to top of a Billboard chart. This was when it reached number one on the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks chart in May 2011. It also became her first number one hit in the country when the song reached #1 in the Billboard Hot 100 in May 2011. As of May 2011, "Rolling in the Deep" had sold over 2 million digital copies in the US. The song is her best-selling single in the country. It has sold more copies than her previous best-selling single "Chasing Pavements".

Composition
The song has "martial arts", "pounding piano keys" (played by Neil Crowley) and "chanting backing singers". Critics have said Adele's vocals are like Wanda Jackson's "dirty-blues growl." AOL Radio Blog's Nadine Cheung says the song is "sung from the perspective of a scorned lover, who is finally able to see the light, but despite regretful sentiments, reconciliation is not an option here."

Critical reception
The song was praised by critics for Adele's powerful voice, the lyrics and the song's instrumentation. The Sun called the song an "epic, foot-stomper of a pop anthem." They said it had a thumping piano. According to The Sun, Adele's vocals seemed to be that of a veteran who has been singing for 20 years . Bill Lamb from About.com gave it 5 stars out of 5. He praised her voice and the emotion with which she sang the song. He said the song could "raise chills up the spine." He added that after hearing the song, people would want to hear the full album. Jason Lipshutz from Billboard praised the chorus of the song and its instrumentation. Lipshutz praised Adele's vocal performance. He said Adele was confident about her vocal ability. Lipshutz praised the way Adele started the chorus of the song.  Rolling Stones Barry Walters gave "Rolling in the Deep" a positive review. He said Adele's voice was "powerful but not particularly pop" in the song. He said that the song started with "a stroked acoustic guitar." But he described its end as "stomping" and one that has hand-clapping. He said this showed that the English liked to modify Black American roots music.

Music video

The music video was premiered on Channel 4 on 3 December 2010.

Track listing
Digital download
"Rolling in the Deep" – 3:48

Digital EP
"Rolling in the Deep" – 3:48
"Rolling in the Deep (Jamie xx Shuffle)" – 4:17
"Rolling in the Deep (Acapella)" – 3:56

CD single
"Rolling in the Deep"
"If It Hadn't Been for Love" (Michael Henderson, Christopher Stapleton)

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from 21 liner notes.
Backing vocals, Lead vocals - Adele
Songwriting – Adele, Paul Epworth
Production, bass, acoustic guitar, electric guitar and backing vocals – Paul Epworth
Mixing – Tom Elmhirst
Mixing assistant – Dan Parry
Recording – Mark Rankin
Piano – Neil Cowley
Drums – Leo Taylor
Mastering – Tom Coyne

Source:

Charts and certifications

Charts

Year-end charts

All-time charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Other websites

Category:2010 songs
Category:Adele songs
Category:Soul songs

Rolling in the Deep


Emil Jannings (born Theodor Friedrich Emil Janenz, 23 July 1884 – 2 January 1950) was a German actor. He won the first Academy Award for Best Actor at the 1st Academy Awards for his roles as Duke Sergius Alexander in The Last Command and as August Schilling in The Way of All Flesh.

During World War II, he starred in many Nazi propaganda movies. After the fall for the Third Reich, he was unemployed and retired.

Other websites

Photographs of Emil Jannings

Category:1884 births
Category:1950 deaths
Category:German movie actors
Category:German television actors
Category:German stage actors
Category:Deaths from liver cancer
Category:Academy Award winning actors

Emil Jannings


Mefistofele is an Italian opera in a prologue, four acts and an epilogue; with music and libretto. It is by Arrigo Boito and is based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's play Faust. It was first performed in Milan, on March 5, 1868. A revised version was performed in Bologna, on October 4, 1875.

Recent performances
The opera was performed as part of the 2013/2014 season at the Croatian National Theatre, in Split. The director was Michał Znaniecki and the conductor was Nikša Bareza.

In August 2014, the opera was performed in the 13th Opera Festival of the Theatro da Paz in Belém, Brazil. Mefistofeles was played by Denis Sedov and Faust was played by Fernando Portari.

Principal characters

 Mefistofele - bass
 Faust - tenor
 Margherita - soprano
 Elena - soprano

Discography
 1931: Nazzareno de Angelis (Mefistofele), Antonio Melandri (Faust), Mafalda Favero (Margherita), Giannina Arangi-Lombardi (Elena); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Lorenzo Molajoli - (Italian Columbia)
 1953: Giulio Neri (Mefistofele), Gianni Poggi (Faust), Rosetta Noli (Margherita), Simona Dall' Argine (Elena); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Franco Capuana - (Elsa Music)
 1958: Cesare Siepi (Mefistofele), Mario Del Monaco (Faust), Renata Tebaldi (Margherita), Fiorana Cavalli (Elena); Orchestra e Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Tullio Serafin - (Decca)
 1973: Norman Treigle (Mefistofele), Plácido Domingo (Faust), Montserrat Caballé (Margherita/Elena); Ambrosian Opera Chorus, London Symphony Orchestra, Julius Rudel - (EMI Classics)
 1982: Nicolai Ghiaurov (Mefistofele), Luciano Pavarotti (Faust), Mirella Freni (Margherita), Montserrat Caballé (Elena); London Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra, Oliviero de Fabritiis - (Decca)

References

Further reading
Ashbrook, William (1998), "Mefistofele", in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Three. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc.
Ashbrook, William (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
Borovsky, Victor (1988), Chaliapin, New York: Knopf.
Harewood, Earl of and Antony Peattie (Eds.) (1997), The New Kobbe's Opera Book, London: Ebury Press.
Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.)(1997), The New Grove Book of Operas New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Category:Operas

Mefistofele


This is a list of colors that have articles about them on the Simple English Wikipedia.

Related pages

 Web color

*
Category:Lists

List of colors


Stilwell is a city in Oklahoma in the United States. It is the county seat of Adair County. Frank Garrett lives there.

Category:Cities in Oklahoma
Category:County seats in Oklahoma

Stilwell, Oklahoma


Happencourt is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Aisne

Happencourt


John Updike (March 18, 1932 - January 27, 2009) was an American author of works including Rabbit, Run and Couples. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania. He died of lung cancer in Danvers, Massachusetts in January 2009.

Category:1932 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:American Christians
Category:American novelists
Category:American poets
Category:Cancer deaths in Massachusetts
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Writers from Pennsylvania

John Updike


Riots happen when many people meet to be violent. This can happen after sports events, demonstrations or as a protest. Rioters damage cars, buildings and attack other people, among other things.

The police are brought out to stop riots. In the Western world, they use shields and fight with soft weapons, for example with water cannons or rubber bullets, as well as with batons. When riots really get out of control, police also use tools that can hurt people, such as tear gas and pepper spray, and they put the rioters under arrest.

There have been many riots all over the world, especially in England, Northern Ireland, the United States, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Australia, France, Hong Kong and mainland China.

Riot


The Liberal Party, Liberal Union or the Liberal Union Party, was a political party in Australia. It was based in Victoria and South Australia. Active mainly in 1922, the party was formed by members of the Nationalist Party of Australia who did not support the leader, Prime Minister Billy Hughes.

The party was begun by two Victorian men, Thomas Ashworth and Charles Merrett. Two federal Nationalist MPs, Victorian William Watt and South Australian Richard Foster, joined the Liberal Party. In the 1922 federal election three more MPs (John Latham from Victoria, and Malcolm Cameron and Jack Duncan-Hughes from South Australia) were elected.

When the new Country Party refused to support Hughes, he decided to retire and leave the Prime Ministership to Stanley Bruce. All five Liberals rejoined the Nationalist Party, although they remained officially Liberals until 1925.

References

Category:Political parties in Australia
Category:1925 disestablishments
Category:1920s disestablishments in Australia

Liberal Party (1922)


Coonoor is a municipality in the Nilgiris District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its production of Nilgiri tea. This town is the second-largest hill station in the Nilgiri hills after Ooty. Coonoor is home to the Pasteur Institute of India. This institute is responsible for producing anti-rabies vaccine and vaccines for government immunization programs.

Population
According to 2011 census, Coonoor had a population of 45,494. The population's sex-ratio is 1,058 females for every 1,000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes consist of 27.92% and 23% of the population respectively.

References

Other websites

 Conoor Official history and tourism page on www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in.
Category:Nilgiris District

Coonoor


The Vanishing is a 1993 drama thriller movie. It stars Sandra Bullock, Nancy Travis, Jeff Bridges and Kiefer Sutherland. It is about the abduction and murder of a girl named Diane (played by Bullock). This was directed by George Sluizer, who also directed a 1988 version of The Vanishing. The one released in 1993 got substandard reviews while in theaters.

Category:1990s thriller movies
Category:1990s drama movies
Category:1993 movies
Category:English-language movies

The Vanishing


A waste container (known more commonly in British English as a dustbin, rubbish-bin or simply a bin, and American English as a trash can) is a container, usually made of plastic or metal, used to store refuse.

Rubbish (trash) is usually kept in these until it is emptied by collecters, who will take it to a landfill or incinerator.

Some bins are used specifically for recycling.

Category:Containers
Category:Waste

Waste container


The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn KG, KT, KP, PC, GCMG, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, GCB, GCStJ, (Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942) was a member of the British Royal Family, the third son and seventh child of Queen Victoria. Arthur served as the Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916. He was created Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex in 1874. He was the longest lived issue of Queen Victoria.He died in 1942.He lived to age 91. He was the father of the Crown Princess of Sweden.

Category:1850 births
Category:1942 deaths

Category:House of Windsor
Connaught
Category:United Kingdom Earls
Category:Knights of the Garter
Category:Knights of the Thistle
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Category:Privy Councillors (UK)
Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John


Magic is the performance of tricks or the creation of illusions. It is a type of performing art that entertains audiences. It is done by a magician or an illusionist. The magician does things that look impossible or supernatural by ordinary means. Card tricks, disappearing beauties, pulling a rabbit from a hat, and sawing a person in half are examples of this kind of magic.

References

Category:Magic
Category:Illusions

Magic (illusion)


Brandenburg is a state (Bundesland) in Germany. It has been a state since 1990. It is 29,056 km² in area. It has about 2.6 million inhabitants.

Until 1945 it was the biggest province in Prussia, with 38,278 km² and 3 million inhabitants. From 1949 to 1952 it was a state in the German Democratic Republic. In 1952 it became divided into three Bezirke (Potsdam, Frankfurt and Cottbus). The capital of Brandenburg is Potsdam.

Berlin is in the middle of Brandenburg. But it is not part of Brandenburg. It is a city state.

History of Brandenburg
 1373 Karl IV bought Brandenburg for his sons from the Wittelsbacher
 1539 Protestant Reformation
 1618 United with Prussia
 1815 Brandenburg became a province in Prussia
 1945 Brandenburg lost 32% to Poland
 1949 State in East Germany
 1952 Divided into three Bezirke (Districts)
 1990 State of the reunited Germany

Administration
Brandenburg is divided into fourteen Kreise (districts):
 Prignitz
 Ostprignitz-Ruppin
 Oberhavel
 Uckermark
 Havelland
 Barnim
 Märkisch-Oderland
 Potsdam-Mittelmark
 Teltow-Fläming
 Oder-Spree
 Dahme-Spreewald
 Elbe-Elster
 Oberspreewald-Lausitz
 Spree-Neiße

Also Brandenburg has four Kreisfreie Städte (district-free city):
 Brandenburg
 Cottbus
 Frankfurt an der Oder
 Potsdam

List of Minister-Presidents of Brandenburg
 1945 - 1949: Karl Steinhoff
 1949 - 1952: Rudi Jahn
 1990 - 2002: Manfred Stolpe (SPD)
 2002 - 2013: Matthias Platzeck (SPD)
 since 2013: Dietmar Woidke (SPD)

Cities and counties in Brandenburg

Brandenburg is divided into fourteen (rural) counties (Landkreise),

and four urban districts (kreisfreie Städte),

 Brandenburg an der Havel
 Cottbus
 Frankfurt (Oder)
 Potsdam

Brandenburg


Missing Richard Simmons is an investigative journalism podcast, created by Stitcher, First Look Media, and Pineapple Street Media and hosted by Dan Taberski. The first episode was released on February 15, 2017, with the following five episodes released weekly.

Synopsis
Missing Richard Simmons focuses on the sudden retirement from public life of Richard Simmons. After having an illustrious media career spanning over 30 years and known for interacting with fans on a personal level, Simmons retired from the public eye in February 2014. Not only did he no longer appear in the media, but he also stopped teaching his regular exercise classes at Slimmons and stopped corresponding with his friends and fans. Former producer on The Daily Show Dan Taberski sets out to find out why.

References

Other websites
 Missing Richard Simmons

Category:Podcasting

Missing Richard Simmons


The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning wheel. It was invented around 1764 by James Hargreaves (c. 1720 – 22 April 1778) in Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancashire in the northwest of England. The device dramatically reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn. A single worker could work eight or more spools at once.

The spinning jenny was a huge success due to the fact that it could hold more than one ball of yarn, therefore making more clothing materials in a shorter amount of time while reducing the overall cost.

Thomas Highs (1718–1803) also claimed patents on the spinning jenny, and on other machines for cloth production.

Related pages
 Industrial Revolution

References

Other websites
 Essay from http://www.cottontown.org on Hargreaves and the spinning jenny.
 Essay from http://www.cottonttimes.co.uk on Highs and the spinning jenny.
 Source for alternate name of spinning ginny

Category:Machines
Category:Tools

Spinning jenny


The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is a 1921 American silent movie set during World War I. Its story was written in a book by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, and it was made into the movie by June Mathis.

When the film was released in 1921, it became very popular. People bought "gaucho pants" to dress like the movie's main character, Julio Desnoyers. Julio Desnoyers was played by Rudolph Valentino. After starring in this film, he became famous. June Mathis became one of the most successful women in Hollywood.

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is considered an important film. Because of this, the Library of Congress's National Film Registry is preserving it and making sure it doesn't get damaged. The film is also in the public domain because it is so old. (It was released 94 years ago.) The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse can be downloaded for free on the Internet Archive.

References

Category:Silent movies
Category:American drama movies
Category:Historical movies
Category:Movies based on books
Category:1921 movies

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921 movie)


Illapel is a Chilean city; it is the capital of the Choapa province, Coquimbo region. It is in the most narrow point of the country along a parallel, .

Geography
The commune of Illapel has an area of . It is to the north of Santiago at  and to the northeast of the seaport city of Los Vilos at .

The commune is bordered on the north by the Combarbalá and Monte Patria (a small part) communes, both of the Limarí province, on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Salamanca and Los Vilos communes, and on the west by the Canela commune.

The city of Illapel is along the Illapel river, a tributary of the Choapa river, that is  long.

Population
 (last national census), there were 30,355 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of Illapel has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 21,826 inhabitants.

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Territorial division of Chile
 Gobierno Regional de Coquimbo Official website
 Province of Choapa website

Category:Cities in Chile

Illapel


Alan Louis Oppenheimer (born April 23, 1930) is an American actor. He is best known for working with Filmation in the 1970s and 1980s.

His best known roles include Oil Can Harry, Swifty and the narrator on The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle, Ming the Merciless on Flash Gordon, the Overlord on BlackStar, Skeletor, Man-At-Arms and Mer-Man from Filmation's 1980's cartoon He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, and the voice of Prime Evil in the 1986 TV series, Filmation's Ghostbusters.

Recently, he voiced the Scientist in 9 and Old Timer in Toy Story 4.

References

Other websites

Category:1930 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American video game actors
Category:Actors from New York City

Alan Oppenheimer


Wake Up Call could mean:
 Wake Up Call (CNBC) – business news television series on CNBC.
 The Wake Up Call (The West Wing) – The West Wing episode.
 Wake Up Call (The 4400 episode) – The 4400 episode.
 Wake Up Call (song) - a song from Maroon 5's second album, It Won't Be Soon Before Long.
 Wake Up Call (Hayden Panettiere song) - a song from Hayden Panettiere's debut album.
 Wake-Up Call (album) – the album from Christian rock band, Petra.
 Wake-up call (service) – original meaning, telephone type wake up calls.
 Wakeup Call – the WBAI radio program.
 Wake Up Call (band) - an alt/rock band based out of Omaha, Nebraska

Wake Up Call


Robert Badinter (; born 30 March 1928) is a French criminal lawyer, university professor, politician and activist. He is against the death penalty, the abolition of which he successfully sponsored in Parliament in 1981. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he served as Minister of Justice and then President of the Constitutional Council under François Mitterrand.

Other websites
 Official page of Robert Badinter in the French Senate
  La page de Robert Badinter sur le site du Sénat
  Vidéo: Robert Badinter en 1976, il motive son engagement contre la peine de mort, une archive de la Télévision suisse romande
  UHB Rennes II  Autour de l'oeuvre de Robert Badinter : Éthique et justice. Synergie des savoirs et des compétences et perspectives d'application en psychocriminologie. journées d'étude les 22 et 23 mai 2008 à l'université Rennes 2, sur le thème "Autour de l'œuvre de Robert Badinter : Éthique et justice.".]

Category:1928 births
Category:Living people
Category:Activists
Category:French academics
Category:French lawyers
Category:Politicians from Paris
Category:Socialist Party (France) politicians

Robert Badinter


Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (; 30 March 1895 – 24 February 1975) was a famous Soviet politician. He served as Minister of Defence (1953–55) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–58).

Other websites

Category:1895 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:Soviet politicians
Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin

Nikolai Bulganin


Sean Michael Waltman (born March 13, 1972) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed with WWE. He wrestled there under the ring names 1–2–3 Kid and X-Pac. These changed a lot from 1993–2002. He wrestled with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring name Syxx, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Syxx-Pac and also under his real name. Waltman is the only wrestler in history to have held the TNA X Division Championship,  the WCW Cruiserweight Championship, and the WWE Light Heavyweight Championship. Waltman is a member of the group known in wrestling as The Kliq. This is made up of Waltman, Shawn Michaels, Triple H, Kevin Nash, and Scott Hall.

References

Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:American professional wrestlers
Category:Former WWE wrestlers
Category:Sportspeople from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Category:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni

Sean Waltman


Orange County (established 1889) is one of the counties of California, in the United States. It is in southern California, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Its county seat and largest city is Santa Ana.

The county has 3,121,251 people, spread across just 948 square miles (2,455 square kilometers). It is the third most populous county in California. The west-flowing Santa Ana River divides the county into north and south parts. On the north, the San Gabriel River forms its border with Los Angeles County. Some other big cities include Anaheim, Orange, Huntington Beach, Fullerton and Irvine. The county is mostly residential.

The highest average income in Orange County is $203,091, in the city of Villa Park. Some famous attractions, such as Disneyland and Knott’s Berry Farm, are in Orange County. The tallest building in Orange County is the 37-story One Broadway Plaza, an unfinished building in Santa Ana. It will be  tall when it is completed.

References

Orange County’s Changing Politics – slideshow by The New York Times
Orange County, California on National Association Of Counties
Filming Locations in Orange County

Category:1889 establishments in the United States

Category:1880s establishments in California

Orange County, California


Bethesda Softworks is an American video-games company. It was founded in the city of Bethesda, Maryland, but the headquarters are in Rockville, Maryland.

History
Bethesda Softworks created its first video game in 1989, named Gridiron. From this game, they got a contract to make more popular games such as Terminator and the Wayne Gretzki series. A few games made by Bethesda won the Game of the Year Award, such as Fallout and The Elder Scrolls series. This second series consisted of 6 games: Arena, Daggerfall, Redguard, Morrowind, Oblivion and Skyrim.

Bethesda Game Studios
Bethesda Game Studios (BGS) is the award-winning, in-house development team at Bethesda Softworks led by game director and executive producer Todd Howard.

In the past, not all BGS titles were published by the Softworks division. However, beginning with The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion for the PlayStation 3, Bethesda Softworks began publishing all Bethesda Game Studios games.

References
UESPWiki's Bethesda Article.
Youtube - Todd Howard Interview (2008)

Other websites

 Moby

Category:1986 establishments in the United States
Category:Video game companies
Category:Bethesda, Maryland
Category:20th-century establishments in Maryland

Bethesda Softworks


Les Septvallons is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Glennes, Longueval-Barbonval, Merval, Perles, Révillon, Vauxcéré and Villers-en-Prayères.

The town hall is in Longueval-Barbonval.

Geography
Les Septvallons is in the eastern part of the Soissons arrondissement, in the valley of the Aisne river; the commune is on the border with the Marne department, at  to the south of Laon, the prefecture of the department, and at  to the east of Soissons, the subprefecture of the arrondissement.

It has an area of  with an altitude of .

Composition
The commune is formed by:

Gallery

Related pages
 Communes of the Aisne department
 Arrondissement of Château-Thierry

References

Category:Communes in Aisne

Les Septvallons


Anna Paterson Stout née Logan (29 September 1858 - 10 May 1931) was a social reformer in New Zealand.

The Girls' Provincial School let Anna study at age 12.  After completing her schooling she returned home to Dunedin.  She married Robert Stout at age 18.  In 1885 she helped form the Women's Christian Temperance Union.  In 1892 she became President of the Women's Franchise League.  In 1896 the National Council of Women of New Zealand chose her as Vice President.

Stout was also active in England for acceptance for women to vote.  She worked closely with the Women's Social and Political Union.

References

Category:1858 births
Category:1931 deaths
Category:People from South Island

Anna Stout


The Ryutin Affair began in the summer of 1932 in the Soviet Union. Martemyan Ryutin was a right-wing communist. He wrote a 200 page document called the "Ryutin platform". In it he criticized Joseph Stalin's leadership of the communist party. Twelve or so party members met with Ryutin and read the document. This was in August of 1932. They passed it on to other party members. Stalin thought Ryutin and his friends were trying to have him assassinated. Ryutin was arrested. When Stalin tried to have him executed, he was instead sent to a labor camp for ten years. Every party member who read the document was arrested. In 1933 as many as 800,000 were arrested. In 1934 another 340,000 were sent to camps. This shows that Stalin did not yet have enough power to order Ryutin's execution. But by 1937 things had changed. After a 40 minute trial on 1 January 1937 Ryutin was executed.

References

Category:Joseph Stalin
Category:1930s in the Soviet Union

Ryutin Affair


Fate is a city located in the center of Rockwall County, Texas. The population in 2010 was 6,357, up from 602 in 2000; a 1,179.1% increase. Based on building permits and current utility bills, the population was over 17,000 as of February, 2019.

References

Category:Cities in Texas

Fate, Texas


The Governor of Kentucky is the head of the executive branch of Kentucky's state government. Here is the list of individuals who became Governor.

List of governors

Notes

References

*

List of governors of Kentucky


May is a town of Oklahoma in the United States.

Category:Towns in Oklahoma

May, Oklahoma


WrestleMania is an yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment since 1985. It is the company's biggest show of the year so it has nicknames like:

 "The Showcase of the Immortals"
 "Granddaddy of 'em All"
 "Grandest Stage of them All"'

WrestleMania is equal to the National Football League's Super Bowl and Major League Baseball's World Series.

The thirtieth edition of the event took place on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.

WrestleMania dates and venues

WrestleMania


John Demjanjuk (born Ivan Mykolaiovych Demianiuk; ; 3 April 1920 – 17 March 2012) was a Ukrainian-American auto worker, a former soldier in the Soviet Red Army, and a POW during the Second World War.

Early life
Demjanjuk was born in Ukraine. During World War II was drafted into the Soviet Red Army, where he was captured as a German prisoner of war.

World War II
Although he was a survivor of the notorious Nazi concentration camps system, he was convicted in 2011 in Germany for alleged war crimes as an accessory to the murder of 27,900 Jews while acting as a guard named Ivan Demjanjuk at the Nazi extermination camp near Sobibór in occupied Poland. Since his conviction was pending appeal at the time of his death, Demjanjuk remains innocent under German law, and his earlier conviction is invalidated.  According to the Munich state court, Demjanjuk does not have a criminal record.

Life in the United States
In 1952 he emigrated from West Germany to the United States, and was granted citizenship in 1958 whereupon he formally anglicized his name from "Ivan" to "John".

Deportation

In 1986 he was deported to Israel to stand trial for war crimes, after being identified by eleven Holocaust survivors, many from Israel, as "Ivan the Terrible", a notorious guard at the Treblinka extermination camp in Nazi occupied Poland. Demjanjuk was accused of committing murder and acts of extraordinarily savage violence against camp prisoners during 1942–43. He was convicted of having committed crimes against humanity and sentenced to death there in 1988.

The verdict was overturned by the Israeli Supreme Court in 1993, based on new evidence that "Ivan the Terrible" was probably another man, Ivan Marchenko. After the trial, in September 1993, he returned to his home in Ohio. In 1998 his citizenship was restored after a United States federal appeals court ruled that prosecutors had suppressed exculpatory evidence concerning his identity.

Later charges
In 2001 Demjanjuk was charged again, this time on the grounds that he had, instead, served as a guard named Ivan Demjanjuk at the Sobibor and Majdanek camps in Nazi occupied Poland and at the Flossenbürg camp in Germany. Demjanjuk became again a stateless person in 2002 (until his death in 2012). His deportation was again ordered in 2005, but after exhausting his appeals in 2008 he still remained in the United States, as no country would agree to accept him at that time.

On 2 April 2009, it was announced that Demjanjuk would be deported to Germany, where he would stand trial, since in a bid to disassociate from the nation's past, Germany began the policy of prosecuting prisoners of war from other nations whom the German Nazis made the accessories to their crimes. On 11 May, Demjanjuk left his Cleveland home by ambulance, and was taken to the airport, where he was deported by plane, arriving in Germany the next morning. On 13 July, he was formally charged with 27,900 counts of acting as an accessory to murder, one for each person who died at Sobibor during the time he was alleged to have served as a guard. On 30 November, Demjanjuk's trial began in Munich.

Convictions
On 12 May 2011, Demjanjuk was convicted pending appeal by an ordinary German criminal court as an accessory to the murder of 27,900 Jews at Sobibor and sentenced to five years in prison.  The interim conviction was later annulled, because Demjanjuk died before his appeal could be heard. He was later released pending trial and final verdict by the German Appellate Court.

Death
He lived at a German nursing home in Bad Feilnbach, where he died on 17 March 2012.  Despite decades of legal wrangling and controversy, Demjanjuk died a free man and legally innocent.

References

Bibliography

Other websites

 Demjanjuk—Compilation of The Plain Dealer articles at Cleveland.com

Category:1920 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:American criminals
Category:Deaths from natural causes
Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States
Category:SS people
Category:Ukrainian people

John Demjanjuk


Raje () is the honorary title for a king or nobleman (i.e. "your Majesty") in India. In India, south Indian states were ruled by the royal Indian dynasties. The rulers were addressed by the people as Raje.

Some clans of the Maratha community put the name Raje before their original clan name. Examples of these include RajeBhosale, RajeShirke, RajeMahadik, RajeNimbalkar and RajeMane.

In states like Rajasthan, Rajput community chiefs are known by the titles that include Maharawal, Rana and Maharana. These mean the same thing as Raje or Maharaja.

Related pages
 Raja

Category:Titles
Category:History of India

Raje


The 2016 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 26 June 2016, to elect the 12th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.

Opinion polling going into the election predicted a growing polarisation between this alliance and the People's Party (PP), which would be fighting to maintain first place nationally.

In the end, the alliance suffered a surprise decline in votes and vote share compared to the previous election, while the PP increased its number of votes and seats. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), while clinging on to second place, kept losing votes and seats and scored a new historical low.

Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy was re-elected as Prime Minister for a second term in office on 29 October amid public outcry and protest.

Candidates

Results

Chamber of Deputies

Senate

Notes

References

Other websites

Category:2010s in Spain
Category:2016 in Europe

Spanish general election, 2016


William Wallace "Wally" Barron (December 8, 1911 – November 12, 2002) was a Democratic politician in West Virginia. He was the state's 26th Governor from 1961 to 1965. He later went to jail for corruption.

Barron's governorship was corrupt. Many officials were convicted of criminal charges including bribery, making false records, conspiracy and tax evasion. In 1971 Barron was convicted of jury tampering in an earlier trial. Barron was sentenced to 5 years in prison.

He died on November 12, 2002 in Charlotte, North Carolina.

References

Other websites
 Biography of William W. Barron
 Inaugural Address of William W. Barron

Category:1911 births
Category:2002 deaths

William Wallace Barron


Dmytro Dmytrovych Kremin (; August 21, 1953 – May 25, 2019) was an Ukrainian poet, journalist, translator and scholar. Kremin was The Taras Shevchenko National Literary Prize in 1999. He was known for his book of poems called Pectoral. He was born in Irshava district of Transcarpathia (Zakarpattia region), Ukraine.

Kremin died on May 25, 2019 in Mykolaiv, Ukraine at the age of 65.

References

Category:1953 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Ukrainian writers
Category:Poets
Category:Ukrainian journalists
Category:Translators
Category:Educators

Dmytro Kremin


This is a list of official U.S. state dances:

References

Category:Lists about U.S. states
Category:Dance

List of U.S. state dances


Słubice is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland. Across the Oder River from it is the town of Frankfurt (Oder) in Germany. About 18,000 people live in Słubice.

Category:Towns in Poland

Słubice


Mark Gordon (born March 14, 1957) is an American politician. On January 7, 2019, he became the 33rd Governor of Wyoming. He was the treasurer of the U.S. state of Wyoming from 2012 to 2019. He is a Republican.

Gordon was appointed state treasurer by Governor Matt Mead on October 26, 2012.

In 2008, Gordon was an unsuccessful candidate in the Republican primary for the United States House of Representatives for the at-large seat now held by fellow Republican Cynthia Lummis.

Gordon ran for Governor in the 2018 election and won the general election.

References

Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:Governors of Wyoming
Category:Politicians from New York City
Category:US Republican Party politicians

Mark Gordon (politician)


This is a list of the major rivers of Serbia.

List of major rivers
The lengths in the table present the overall lengths of the rivers, not just the Serbian parts of the flow.

*
Serbia
Serbia

List of rivers of Serbia


Kars (, ) is a city in northeast Turkey and is the capital of the Kars Province, before at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. Population: 8,672 (1878); 20,891 (1897); 54,000 (1970); 142,145 (1990);  130,361 (2000).

History
The early history of Kars is little known, beyond that it had its own dynasty of Armenian rulers and was the capital of a region known as Vanand. At some point in the 9th century (at least by 888) it became part of the territory of the Armenian Bagratids. For a short time (from 928 to 961) Kars became the capital of their kingdom. It was during this period that the Cathedral, later known as the Church of the Apostles, was built.

References

Category:Cities in Turkey

Kars


Wickliffe is a city of Kentucky in the United States.

Category:Cities in Kentucky
Category:County seats in Kentucky

Wickliffe, Kentucky


Google Books is a website run by Google. It lets you search and browse books and magazines that have been scanned in. The text of the books has been made searchable using optical character recognition (OCR). The site has been known under different names including Google Print and Google Book Search. It was announced and launched in 2004.

In 2005, book publishers sued Google for "massive copyright infringement" for scanning books without permission. Google claimed that this was fair use. Google has been sued in a number of countries over copyright issues related to Google Books.

Other websites

Books

Google Books


"No Scrubs" is a Grammy Award-winning song. It was recorded by American contemporary R&B girl group TLC. It was for their album, FanMail. It was released in January 1999 as the lead single. "No Scrubs" became TLC's third number-one single and eighth top-ten single on the US Billboard Hot 100. It also earned them their second Grammy nomination for Record of the Year. It was certified gold in the US for sales of over 500,000 copies. It was the second-best performing song of 1999 in the US, behind Cher's "Believe".

English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran credited the writers of "No Scrubs" when he used a sample of the song in his 2017 single, "Shape of You".

Track listing

US CD Single
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:39
 "No Scrubs" (Instrumental) - 3:37

EU CD Single
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:37
 "No Scrubs" (Main Mix with Left Eye's Rap) (clean) - 4:00
 "No Scrubs" (Instrumental) - 3:37
 "Silly Ho" (Album Version) - 4:16

UK CD 1
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:37
 "No Scrubs" (Main Mix with Left Eye's Rap) (clean) - 4:00
 "Silly Ho" (Album Version) - 4:16

UK CD 2
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:39
 "Waterfalls" (Radio Version) - 4:19
 "Creep" (Radio Version) - 4:26

Chart performance

Peak positions

Year-end charts

Chart successions
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-

Covers
 Blink-182
 Kids in Glass Houses
 Swing Out Sister
 Marjorie Dawes
 Incubus
 Lisa Loeb
 Lizette Carter
 The Saturdays
 Avi Wisnia
 Karmin
 Sporty Thievz
 Kelly Clarkson
 Bastille
 Xxyyxx

References

Other websites

Category:1999 songs
Category:TLC songs
Category:Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles
Category:Dance-pop songs
Category:Hip hop songs
Category:R&B songs

No Scrubs


Malcolm in the Middle is an American sitcom. It was shown on Fox. It ran from January 9, 2000 to May 14, 2006. Malcolm in the Middle won 9 Emmy Awards, 1 Peabody Award and 1 Grammy Award.

Cast
Frankie Muniz as Malcolm
Jane Kaczmarek as Lois
Bryan Cranston as Hal
Christopher Masterson as Francis
Justin Berfield as Reese
Erik Per Sullivan as Dewey

Other websites
Malcolm in the Middle on fox.com

Category:2000 American television series debuts
Category:2006 American television series endings
Category:2000s American sitcoms
Category:Emmy Award winning programs
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Peabody Award winners
Category:Television series about brothers
Category:Television series about dysfunctional families
Category:Television series about suburbia

Malcolm in the Middle


The term supersonic is used to describe a speed that is over the speed of sound (Mach 1).  At a normal temperature like 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21.1 °C), the speed needed for something to be traveling at a faster than sound speed is about 344 m/s, 1,129 ft/s, 770 mph or 1,238 km/h. Speeds faster than 5 times the speed of sound are sometimes called hypersonic. Speeds where only some parts of the air around an object (like the propeller) reach supersonic speeds are called transonic (normally somewhere between Mach 0.8 and Mach 1.2).

Whips have operated supersonically for many centuries. Artillery became supersonic in the 19th century.

It can be very hard to reach supersonic speeds, because drag increases a lot near these speeds. This slows a plane, and for years made control difficult. These problems were called the "sound barrier". Jet engines and other developments solved the problems in the middle 20th century.

Category:Aviation
Category:Sound

Supersonic


Arthur Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright. His best known plays are All My Sons, Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. He also wrote for the movie The Misfits while married to Marilyn Monroe. She acted in this movie.

Early life
Arthur Miller's family was a rich Jewish family from New York. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, his family's business was forced to close down and they lost all their money. Because Miller wanted to go to university, he had to work in a warehouse. He studied economics and history at the University of Michigan as well as working for the school newspaper which helped him learn how to write plays. He married Mary Slattery in 1940.

Influence on his writing
In Miller’s childhood, his family had money issues. Due to the fact that he experienced the whole situation with his family, his writings have been influenced a lot, he often includes the theme of financial problems which is a result of everything he had seen as a child. Another thing that influenced him a lot was Greek literature. Miller once said that he liked to read Greek literature for ideas to write about. The readers are able to see it in his writing style and the element he uses in his writing.

Plays
In 1936 his very first play, No Villain, was produced and gained a huge success. The play even won him a Hopwood Award and people started to get to know him. In 1944, Miller had his first play in the theater on Broadway in New York, called The Man Who Had All the Luck. Not many people liked it so this play was stopped after one week. However, three years later, his play All My Sons became very popular. This play won the Pulitzer Prize for drama. In 1949, he wrote Death of a Salesman, a story about the American Dream, it addresses the loss of identity and a man who's unable to accept change within himself and society. In 1953, he wrote The Crucible, a story about the Salem Witch Trials. He wrote this because of the McCarthyism of the 1950s, the fear that communism would take over America. A few years later, Miller was blamed for being a communist himself. He had to answer questions from the House Un-American Activities Committee, a group that Senator Joseph McCarthy made.

Screen plays
 The Crucible (1953)
 Death of a Salesman (1985)
 The Hook (1947)
 Mr. Peters' Connections (1998)

Fiction
 Focus (1945)
 I Don't Need You Anymore (1967)
 The Misfits (1961)

Personal life and death

Miller was an atheist.

In 1956, Miller divorced Mary Slattery so he could marry the actress Marilyn Monroe. During this marriage, he wrote for the movie The Misfits. Monroe acted in this movie. After five years of marriage, Monroe divorced him.

The following year, Miller married again. The photographer Inge Morath was his third wife, and they were together until she died in 2002. They had two children.

His son, Daniel, was born with Down Syndrome. Miller put him in a hospital and did not want to see him again. His daughter, Rebecca, who married actor Daniel Day-Lewis, asked Miller several times to contact his hospitalised son.

In 1964, Miller produced the play After The Fall that talks about the marriage with Marilyn Monroe. Later on, during the mid 1990s, he wrote three new plays, including The Ride Down Mt. Morgan, The Last Yankee and Broken Glasses.

On February 10, 2005, Miller died of heart disease. He was 89.

Influence on society
Miller's ideas influence the society a lot. For example, the way of writing has changed a lot. He often writes about the experience of being human in a very raw but very loving way. He once said that “Maybe all one can do is hope to end up with the right regrets” which later on has a huge impact on people. Another influence on society is that the way people write stage plays have changed a lot. People tend to focus on characters more than anything else. Miller believes that “the theater is so endlessly fascinating because it's so accidental (happens by chance). It's so much like life.” It reflects on his writing because he likes to write more on the bonds between individual and society rather than only character.

References

Category:1915 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:American atheists
Category:American playwrights
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Category:Deaths from heart failure
Category:Jewish American writers
Category:Jewish atheists
Category:Pulitzer Prize winners

Arthur Miller


Gesnes-le-Gandelin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Category:Communes in Sarthe

Gesnes-le-Gandelin


The Canadian Museum of Flight is an aircraft museum at the Langley Airport in Langley, British Columbia, Canada. The museum has about 20 peace-time and war-time motor airplanes, gliders, and helicopters to see, six of which can still fly.

Aircraft
List of aircraft displayed :
 Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck Mk.3B
 Beechcraft 3NMT Expeditor (C-45)
 Bowlus Bumblebee BB1
 Canadair (Lockheed) T-33AN Silver Star
 Canadair CT-114 Tutor (used by the Snowbirds)
 Canadian Quickie 1 (Homebuilt)
 Conair Firecat
 Douglas DC-3 "CF-PWH" "Spirit of the Skeena"
 de Havilland DH100 Vampire Mk3
 de Havilland DH82C Tiger Moth (Flying condition)
 Fleet 16B Finch MkII  (Flying condition)
 Handley Page Hampden
 Lockheed CF-104D Starfighter
 North American Harvard Mk IIB (Flying condition)
 Mignet "Pou du Ciel"
 Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a (7/8 Replica) (Flying condition)
 Sikorsky S-55
 Sopwith Camel (Duplicate)
 Struchen Ultralight Helicopter
 Waco AQC-6 (Flying condition)
 Waco INF (Flying condition)
 Westland Lysander Mk III

Other websites
Canadian Museum of Flight
Canadian Museum of Flight website

References

Category:Aircraft museums
Category:Museums in Canada
Category:British Columbia

Canadian Museum of Flight


William Gopallawa (17 September 1897 - 31 January 1981) was the first President of Sri Lanka. He was the General of the Ceylon Army during independence from the United Kingdom. Before he was president, he was the general of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) fighting against the British. Gopallawa and his army were successfull in the fight and Gopallawa was sworned in as the 1st President of Sri Lanka. After his presidency, the next president was J. R. Jayewardene. Gopallawa was the last General of Ceylon until its Independence in 1948. Before that, Gopallawa was the general of Sri Lanka going against the United Kingdom against Queen Elizabeth II. She was known as the Queen of Ceylon. The British set up roads to improvements but placed harsh laws against Ceylon. Gopallawa went against Queen Elizabeth II and was successful. By there changing their name from "Ceylon" to "Sri Lanka".

He represented an era where politics was conducted with a dignified aura and he had a reputation as being a man of integrity and humility. He served as Governor-General during the tenure of different governments headed by the SLFP led regime of Sirimavo Bandaranaike and the UNP led regime of Dudley Senanayake. He upheld the law and the constitution to the letter and won respect and admiration of all political parties. William Gopallawa was born on 17 September 1897 at the Dullewe Maha Walauwa, Dullewe in the Matale District of Ceylon. He is related to Dullewe Dissava, a signatory on behalf of the Sinhalese to the Kandiyan Convention of 1815

Category:1897 births
Category:1981 deaths
Category:Governors-General of Ceylon
Category:Presidents of Sri Lanka
Category:Sri Lankan generals

William Gopallawa


Terre Haute is a city in Indiana in the United States.  Indiana State University is in Terre Haute.

References

Category:Cities in Indiana
Category:County seats in Indiana

Terre Haute, Indiana


Jean Smart (born September 13, 1951) is an American actress. She acts in television, movies and on stage. She is known mainly for comedy-type roles. She starred as Charlene Stillfield on the show Designing Women. She has also done dramatic roles, including that of Martha Logan on the series 24. Jean was born in Seattle, Washington.

Category:American television actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Seattle, Washington

Jean Smart


Schleicher County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 3,461 people lived there. The county seat is Eldorado.

Category:Texas counties

Schleicher County, Texas


Viellenave-d'Arthez is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Viellenave-d'Arthez

Viellenave-d'Arthez


Ronald Edward Virgets (April 4, 1942 – May 20, 2019) was an American writer, commentator and journalist. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he worked and is best known. He worked as a feature reporter for TV stations WDSU and WWL-TV. He also wrote for The Times-Picayune, Gambit, New Orleans Magazine and had many books published. He won a regional Emmy Award for a 1992 story on the city of New Orleans. Virgets served as host of Crescent City, a radio program broadcast in New Orleans on National Public Radio's WWNO.

Virgets died on May 20, 2019 in Destrehan, Louisiana. He was 77.

References

Category:1942 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:American columnists
Category:American journalists
Category:Emmy Award winners
Category:Writers from New Orleans, Louisiana

Ronnie Virgets


Respiratory tract infection (RTI) refers to any of a number of infectious diseases involving the respiratory tract.

An infection of this type can be called as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, tend to be far more serious conditions than upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold.

The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea (wind pipe), bronchial tubes, the bronchioles, and the lungs. Lower respiratory tract infections are generally more serious than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases.  They can be bronchitis or pneumonia.

References

Category:Infectious diseases

Respiratory tract infection


Darbres   is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Category:Communes in Ardèche

Darbres


A cactus is a kind of a plant adapted to hot, dry climates. Plants which live this kind of life-style are called xerophytes. Most are succulents, which store water.

Cacti are  members of the plant family Cactaceae, in the order Caryophyllales. There are about 127 genera, with over 1750 known species. Almost all of them are native to the Americas, from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north. The species Rhipsalis baccifera also grows in Africa and Sri Lanka.

Theophrastus was the first to use the word cactus: It comes from Ancient Greek . Theophrastus used it for a spiny plant whose identity is not known for sure. Cacti are part of an important food chain in dry, hot climates. Now cacti have spread to many other parts of the world, and many people like to grow them in pots or gardens.

Many cacti live in dry places, such as deserts. Most cacti have sharp thorns (stickers) and thick skin. There are many shapes and sizes of cacti. Some are short and round; others are tall and thin. Many cactus flowers are big and beautiful. Some bloom at night and are pollinated by moths and bats. Some cactus fruits are brightly coloured and good to eat: many animals eat cactus fruits.

Adaptations
An adaptation is anything that helps a living thing survive and make more of its own kind. Cacti have many adaptations for living in places that are sometimes dry for a long time. At other times these places can get lots of rain.

Cacti can have many small, thin roots near the top of the soil. These roots take in water quickly after a rain. The same cactus may have one long, thick root called a taproot. The taproot grows deep in the soil. It can reach water when the soil on top is dry.

Cacti store water in thick stems. The stems are covered with tough skin, and the skin is covered with wax. The thick waxy skin slows down loss of water. The leaves of cacti are sharp spines (thorns, stickers). Many animals want the water inside the cactus, but  the sharp spines and thick skin protect the cactus.

Uses  of cacti
Cacti are commonly grown as houseplants. They are pretty and easy to grow. Some cacti are grown in gardens, especially in dry areas. Cactus can be used as a living fence. The wood of dead cactus is sometimes used for houses

People eat the fruit of some kinds of cactus, such as dragonfruit and prickly pear. Dactylopius coccus is a scale insect from which cochineal dye is got. This insect lives on cacti from the genus Opuntia, feeding on moisture and nutrients in the cactus sap. The insect produces carminic acid, which deters predation by other insects. The carminic acid can be extracted from the insect's body and eggs to make the red dye.

Cactus in history
The ancient Aztecs of North America held cactus to be very important. Cactus can be found in many of their sculptures and drawings. The national coat of arms of Mexico shows an eagle, a snake, and cactus.

Christopher Columbus brought the first cactus to Europe. Scientists and gardeners became very interested in cactus.

Prickly pear was taken to Australia in the 19th century for use as a natural fence and for use in the cochineal industry. The cactus spread out of control, but was controlled by the larva of a South American moth.

From the start of the 20th century interest in cactus has grown. Every year, scientists discover new kinds of cactus. A bad effect of this has been the digging up of many cacti from the wild, making some kinds endangered.

Cactus stems
A cactus does not have leaves because it lives in dry places. Leaves transpire, and this can waste water. So, the cactus saves water by having no leaves. The green parts of the cactus are actually its stems. Because the stems are green, they do the photosynthesis for the cactus. They also grow prickly needles to protect the cactus from animals that want to eat it.

Genera
The family contains more than 100 genera. Some of them are:
 Gymnocalycium
 Myrtillocactus
 Schlumbergera

References

Websites

 Cactus and Succulent Society of America
 Cactophilia
 Cacti & Succulent Picture Gallery
 Cacti Picture Gallery
 Cacti Picture Gallery of Saint-Petersburg Cactus Club
 CactiGuide - many photos, and discussion forum
 A Guide to the Miraculous Cactus World
 Intermountain Cactus: Winter Hardy Cactus
 International site for Succulents with photos, tips and plant database (in 4 languages)
 SucculentCity - Plant Profiles, Photographs & Cultivation Data
 WWF priority species profile for cacti
 Succulents Network - Plant Profiles, Photographs, growing guides & Cultivation Data
Help in Plants - Types of succulents and cacti along with growing guides

Cactus


Bluford is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Category:Villages in Illinois

Bluford, Illinois


Michal Hornstein (September 17, 1920 – April 25, 2016) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman, art collector and philanthropist. He was born in Kraków, Poland. He moved to Canada after surviving the Holocaust (he was of Jewish descent). He became a citizen in 1957. He was known for donating money to art museums and schools in Quebec. In 1984 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In 1993, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec. He was made Officer in 2002 and Grand Officer in 2013.

Hornstein died at his home in Montreal, Quebec on April 25, 2016, aged 95.

References

Category:1920 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Canadian business people
Category:Canadian Jews
Category:Holocaust survivors
Category:Jewish business people
Category:Jewish philanthropists
Category:Naturalized citizens of Canada
Category:People from Kraków
Category:Polish Jews

Michal Hornstein