Arthur Nikisch  (born Lébény Szent Miklós, Hungary,  12 October 1855; died Leipzig,  23 January 1922) was a Hungarian conductor.  He conducted in Germany as well as internationally and was thought of as the greatest conductor of his time.

Life
Arthur Nikisch was born in  Hungary (then the Austro-Hungarian Empire).  His father was from Moravia, his mother was Hungarian.  As a child he showed exceptional musical talent.  He learned the piano and the violin and studied at the Vienna Conservatory, where he won prizes for composition and for playing the violin and piano. He was playing the violin in the orchestra when Richard Wagner conducted a concert in Bayreuth to celebrate the beginning of the building of his new theatre: the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.  He joined the Vienna Court Orchestra where he played in concerts that were conducted by famous composers such as Brahms, Liszt, Verdi and Wagner.  Soon he started his career as conductor in Leipzig.  He quickly became internationally famous.  In 1889 he was invited to conduct the Boston Symphony Orchestra.  He conducted many concerts in the USA.  In 1893 he became conductor of the Budapest Opera.  Two years later he also became conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, taking the place of Carl Reinecke.  In the same year he also became the main conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic.  He remained conductor of these two world famous orchestras until his death.

Nikisch gave concerts all over the world, appearing as guest conductor with great orchestras such as the Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.  In 1912 he took the London Symphony Orchestra to the USA, the first European Orchestra to tour there (fortunately they cancelled their booking on the RMS Titanic at the last moment).   He conducted at the Leipzig Opera and taught conducting at the Leipzig Conservatory.

Nikisch was famous for his conducting of the great Romantic composers such as Schumann, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky and Wagner as well as Beethoven.  He had a great influence on the next generation of conductors including Wilhelm Furtwängler and Sir Adrian Boult.  He helped composers such as Mahler, Max Reger and Richard Strauss to become famous by performing their music.

Nikisch married the singer Amélie Heusner.  Their son Mitja became a successful pianist.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980.

Category:1855 births
Category:1922 deaths
Category:Hungarian conductors

Arthur Nikisch


Admiral James Buchanan Busey IV (born October 7, 1932) is a retired United States Navy four star admiral. He was Vice Chief of Naval Operations, from 1985 to 1987 and as Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe/Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe from 1987 to 1989.

References

Category:1932 births
Category:Living people
Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Category:Military people from Illinois
Category:People from Peoria, Illinois

James B. Busey IV


The Bongo (tragelaphus eurycerus) is a nocturnal antelope. It has two subspecies: the western or lowland bongo, and the eastern or mountain bongo. The western bongo is near threatened and the mountain bongo is critically endangered. Bongos eat plants. They live in forests in Africa. Kenya is the only place eastern bongos live in the wild. Like the west African giraffe, the eastern or mountain bongo is one of the most threatened animals in Africa. Bongos live in both captivity and the wild.

As bongos grow their horns appear. Both male and female bongos have horns.

References

Category:Bovines

Bongo (antelope)


Allison Mack (born July 29, 1982) is an American movie director, actress and producer. She played Chloe Sullivan in the television series Smallville. She played Kate Jacobs in the television series Opposite Sex.

Mack was born in Preetz, West Germany to American parents.

Mack was arrested by the FBI in Brooklyn on April 20, 2018, on charges of sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy and forced labor conspiracy. She faces 15 years-to-life in prison.

References

Other websites

Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American movie producers
Category:American television actors
Category:American television directors
Category:People from Schleswig-Holstein

Allison Mack


Hillsboro is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.

Category:Towns in Alabama

Hillsboro, Alabama


In common law countries equity is based on a judiciary assessment of fairness. It is what is often what is considered fair and right under natural law. It is used when the laws themselves do not address an issue or are inadequate in some way. Examples of equity decisions include imposing a lien, correcting a property line or ordering someone to do something to prevent damage.

History
Common law in England can be traced back to the Norman conquest. The laws, such as they were then, did not address every concern. At first, a subject (of the king) had to petition the king to ask to be heard in his court. One of the first instances of this was in 1070 when Lanfranc, the Archbishop of Canterbury had a case against Odo, Earl of Kent, the king's brother. The archbishop petitioned that lands taken by Odo be restored. Rules of equity began when it became apparent that the common law courts could not solve all legal problems. The king set up courts of chancery (equity). By the 1800s the equity courts were becoming obsolete. In 1875 Parliament did away with the chancery courts altogether.

States in New England followed the English tradition of maintaining separate courts for law and equity. Others, however, combined their courts with both types of jurisdiction. This is what Congress did with respect to the US federal courts. United States bankruptcy courts are the one example of US federal courts which operate as courts of equity.

References

Other websites
 The Reasons Behind The Creation Of Equity

Category:Law
Category:Legal terms

Equity (law)


Yeiki Kobashigawa (September 28, 1917-March 31, 2005)  was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life
Kobashigawa was born at Hilo, Hawaii.  He is the son of immigrants who were born in Japan. He is a Nisei, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Kobashigawa joined the US Army in November 1941.

Kobashigawa volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

For his actions in June 1944, Kobashigawa was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Kobashigawa's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Kobashigawa's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1944. He led successful attacks on four machine gun positions.

The words of Kobashigawa's citation explain:
Technical Sergeant Yeiki Kobashigawa distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944, in the vicinity of Lanuvio, Italy. During an attack, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's platoon encountered strong enemy resistance from a series of machine guns providing supporting fire. Observing a machine gun nest 50 yards from his position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa crawled forward with one of his men, threw a grenade and then charged the enemy with his submachine gun while a fellow soldier provided covering fire. He killed one enemy soldier and captured two prisoners. Meanwhile, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa and his comrade were fired upon by another machine gun 50 yards ahead. Directing a squad to advance to his first position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa again moved forward with a fellow soldier to subdue the second machine gun nest. After throwing grenades into the position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa provided close supporting fire while a fellow soldier charged, capturing four prisoners. On the alert for other machine gun nests, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa discovered four more, and skillfully led a squad in neutralizing two of them. Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov

Category:1917 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:Military people from Hawaii
Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Category:American people of World War II
Category:Hilo, Hawaii

Yeiki Kobashigawa


Joseph Deiss (born January 18, 1946) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC). He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1999 to 2006, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (1999–2002) and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (2003–2006). He was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly for its 65th session in 2010.

References

Other websites

Category:1946 births
Category:Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
Category:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Category:Living people

Joseph Deiss


Regular season

Playoffs
The Capitals beat the New York Rangers in the Conference Quarter-Finals 4 games to 3, and lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Conference Semi-Finals 3 games to 4.

References

Category:2008 in ice hockey
Category:2009 in ice hockey
Category:National Hockey League team seasons
Capitals

2008–09 Washington Capitals season


Soviet satellite states were puppet states indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union. This meant that they were countries controlled by leaders who were really controlled by the Soviet Union. Soviet satellite states included the Warsaw Pact countries and Mongolia. The Soviet Union chose leaders in these countries who were loyal to the Soviet Union and would send in the military if the local people protested against the local government.

Examples were:
 The People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Satellite 1944–1960; government extant until 1992)
 The Polish People's Republic (1944–1989)
 The People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
 The People's Republic of Romania (1947–1965)
 The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1960 and again 1968–1989)
 The German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)
 The Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)
 The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–90)

Most of these "Eastern bloc" countries had compulsory national service for young men. They also had varying numbers of Soviet troops and KGB agents. All these countries had detailed control of information (censorship), and other aspects of the Soviet system. Many features of the Soviet information control were put into practice in distant countries, such as Cuba.

Other terms which may be used are:
 Buffer state
 Client state
 Vassal state
 Puppet state

Category:Political systems
Category:Soviet Union
Category:Colonialism

Soviet satellite state


Riverview is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.

Category:Towns in Alabama

Riverview, Alabama


Barnard is a city in Lincoln County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 70 people lived there.

History
Barnard was first settled in 1888. It was incorporated as a city in 1904. Barnard was named for J.F. Barnard, a railroad employee.

Geography
Barnard is at  (39.189213, -98.043078). Yhe United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Weather
Barnard has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Barnard has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 70 people, 43 households, and 16 families living in Barnard.

Education
Barnard is part of USD 298 Lincoln.

Barnard schools were closed through school unification. The Barnard High School mascot was Cardinals.

References

Other websites
City
 Barnard - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 298, local school district
Historical
 History of Barnard, Legends of Kansas
Maps
 Barnard City Map, KDOT

Category:Cities in Kansas
Category:1888 establishments in Kansas

Barnard, Kansas


Chaos was the nothingness at the beginning of the world, described in the creation myths of Classical mythology. It was the state the universe (or cosmos) was in before it was created. Because early Christians did not understand how to use the word "chaos" properly, the word's meaning changed to "disorder" or random and not normal. It is the opposite of order.

Chaos is often identified as a god, who filled the gap between Heaven and Earth. Borne out of chaos were the first beings:
Gaia, the Earth
Tartarus, the Underworld
Uranus, Sky
Nyx, the Night
Erebos, the Darkness of the Underworld

References

Category:Greek mythology
Category:Creation myths

Chaos (mythology)


Milford is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,175 at the 2010 census.

References

Category:Villages in Michigan

Milford, Michigan


Saint-Didier-de-Formans is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department  in the east of France.

Saint-Didier-de-Formans


Dwarf planet is the name used to classify some objects in the solar system. This definition was made on August 24, 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), and can be described as; a dwarf planet is a body orbiting the Sun that is big enough to round itself by its own gravity, but has not cleared its orbital path of other rival bodies. At the same meeting the IAU also defined the term planet for the first time. Some astronomers think that the term "dwarf planet" is too confusing and needs to be changed.

The seven dwarf planets, in order from their distance from the Sun are:
 Ceres (in the Asteroid belt)
 Orcus
 Pluto (Pluto was named by an 11-year-old girl because it was the initials of the astronomer who found it. )
 Haumea
 Makemake
 Eris
 Sedna

The dwarf planets, unlike the terrestrial and gas giant planets, are in more than one region of the solar system. Ceres is in the asteroid belt. The high orbital eccentricity of Pluto puts it mostly outside Neptune's orbit, but partly inside. The others are in the trans-Neptune region.

NASA's Dawn and New Horizons missions reached Ceres and Pluto, respectively, in 2015. Dawn had already orbited and observed Vesta in 2011.

There are many other dwarf planets in the solar system. Most of them are also Kuiper belt objects.

Discovery
 Ceres was found by Giuseppe Piazzi on January 1, 1801. Classified as a dwarf planet on September 13, 2006.
 Pluto was found by Clyde W. Tombaugh on February 18, 1930. Reclassified as a dwarf planet on August 24, 2006
 Haumea was found by a team led by Mike Brown on December 28, 2004. Accepted as a dwarf planet on September 17, 2008.
 Makemake was found by a team led by Mike Brown on March 31, 2005. Accepted as a dwarf planet on July 11, 2008.
 Eris was found by Mike Brown and his science team on January 5, 2005. Accepted as a dwarf planet on September 13, 2006.

Other websites
 Dwarf planet Citizendendium

Category:Solar System

Dwarf planet


Antidifferentiation (also called indefinite integration) is a thing done in mathematics. It is the opposite of differentiation.

Antiderivatives can tell you about size in a general way. Antidifferentiation is done on things like equations. Antidifferentiation gives you a thing called an antiderivative. An antiderivative is another kind of equation. Antidifferentiation is like integration with but without limits. This is why it is called indefinite.

An antiderivative is written like

 The long S, ,  is called an integral sign. In integration, the integral sign has numbers on it. Those numbers tell you how to do the integration. Antiderivatives are different. They do not have numbers on on their integral signs.
is the equation you are integrating.
 The letters mean "with respect to ". This tells you how to do the antidifferentiation.

Simple integration

To do integrate

 Add 1 to the power , so  is now
 Divide all this by the new power, so it is now
 Add constant , so it is now

This can be shown as:

When there are many  terms, integrate each part on its own:

(This only works if the parts are being added or taken away.)

Examples

Changing fractions and roots into powers makes it easier:

Integrating a bracket ("chain rule")

If you want to integrate a bracket like , we need to do it a different way. It is called the chain rule. It is like simple integration. It only works if the  in the bracket has a power of 1 (it is linear) like  or  (not  or ).

To do

 Add 1 to the power , so that it is now
 Divide all this by the new power to get
 Divide all this by the derivative of the bracket  to get
 Add constant  to give

Examples

Related pages

 Mathematics
 Integral

Category:Mathematical analysis

Antiderivative


Christie Blatchford (May 20, 1951 – February 12, 2020) was a Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster. Notable publications she wrote for include Toronto Sun, National Post and The Globe and Mail. She also published four non-fiction books. She was born in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec.

Blatchford died of lung cancer in Toronto, Ontario on February 12, 2020. She was 68.

References

Category:1951 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Canadian journalists
Category:Cancer deaths in Ontario
Category:Columnists
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Writers from Quebec
Category:Writers from Toronto

Christie Blatchford


The MBB/Kawasaki BK117 is a twin-engine, lightweight helicopter designed and built in Germany and Japan. It has both civilian and military uses. To 1992 it was built by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Later, it was built by Eurocopter and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Some were built under licence in Indonesia as NBK117. Eurocopter EC145 is a newer type of BK117, but without a Japanese partner.

Bibliography
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .

Category:Helicopters
Category:Japan
Category:Germany

MBB/Kawasaki BK117


Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt (; July 10, 1927 – June 21, 2018) was a Russian mathematician. He was born in Moscow. He was an emeritus Professor in Residence at the Department of Mathematics of the University of California, Berkeley and Mathematician at Department of Mathematics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Barenblatt died on June 21, 2018 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 Applied mechanics: an age old science perpetually in rebirth (pdf). The Timoshenko Medal acceptance speech by Grigory Barenblatt (to be published by ASME in summer 2006).

Category:1927 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Russian mathematicians
Category:Writers from Moscow

Grigory Barenblatt


Joshua Brewster Bolten (born August 16, 1954) was the White House Chief of Staff serving U.S. President George W. Bush. Bolten replaced Andrew Card on April 14, 2006.

Category:1955 births
Category:Living people
Category:White House Chiefs of Staff
Category:Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
Category:US Republican Party politicians

Joshua Bolten


The British Darts Organisation is a group that organises darts tournaments for amateurs and professionals.  It is also called BDO. There are 66 member counties in Britain.

The BDO was founded on 7 January 1973 by Olly Croft.  The BDO is a founder member of the World Darts Federation.   The BDO organised the first World Professional Darts Championship in 1978.

Other websites

Category:Sports organizations
Category:Organisations based in the United Kingdom
Category:1973 establishments in Europe
Category:Darts
Category:1970s establishments in the United Kingdom

British Darts Organisation


Sam and friends is a show created by Jim Henson in 1954 and aired it’s last episode in 1961, the show had many characters: Sam, Kermit, Icky Gunk, Wilkins and Wontkins, Harry the hipster, Omar, Yorick. There was many episodes but most of them are lost, fans of the show have described the missing episodes from memory, here is the lists of found episodes:
Chet Huntley [fully found]
Horse Named Bill [half lost]
Old Black Magic [fully found]
Singing in the rain [fully found] Weather warehouse [lost] (only a short clip found) Glowworm or inchworm [lost] Omar Cooking [only no audio video] Where hunger is from [found] I’ve Got You Under My skin [found]

Sam and Friends


Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472–16 October 1553) was a German painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving. He was born Lucas Sunder at Kronach in upper Franconia.

Career

Early jobs
Early on, Lucas Cranach tried jobs that had something to do with painting.
He decorated houses, but mostly made portraits and altar-pieces. He also helped design coins and other things.

First painting experiences
His first paintings were still lifes and animals on the walls of the palaces at Coburg and Locha. They were so good that the duke asked Lucas Cranach to make a painting of him. Lucas Cranach painted the duke killing a boar.

Before 1508 he had painted a few altar-pieces for the Castle Church at Wittenberg. Albrecht Dürer, Hans Burgkmair and others also worked there. He made many portraits of the duke and his brother John. The best woodcuts and copper-plates were published.

Later painting experiences
More honour was given to Cranach when he went to the Netherlands in 1509, and painted the Emperor Maximilian I and the boy who became Charles V later in his life. Until 1508 Cranach signed his works with the initials of his name. In that year the person in charge gave him the  snake with wings as a symbol. This symbol was marked on all his pictures after that date.

Death
Lucas Cranach the Elder died on 16 October 1553 at Weimar in Germany. The house in which he lived still stands in the marketplace. He is commemorated as an artist by the Lutheran Church on 6 April.

Cranach's Art

Influences
Cranach's art in its prime was slightly affected by the art of the Italians, but was also similar to that of the Netherlands and Germans.

Compositions
As a composer Cranach was not greatly gifted. His concept of the human shape was low; but he showed some freshness in the contour of incident, though he not unfrequently bordered on coarseness. His copper-plates and woodcuts are the best pieces of his art; and the earlier they are in date the more apparent is their power. Striking evidence of this is the "St Christopher" of 1506, or the plate of "Elector Frederick praying before the Madonna" (1509).

Early work
His first woodcut (1505) represents the Virgin and three saints in prayer before a crucifix. Later on he composes the marriage of St Catherine, a series of martyrdoms, and scenes from the Passion.

Religious work
After 1517 he occasionally draws the old gospel themes, but he also gives style to some of the thoughts of the Reformers. In a picture of 1518 at Leipzig, where a dying man offers "his soul to God, his body to earth, and his worldly goods to his relations," the soul rises to meet the Trinity in heaven, and being saved is clearly shown to depend on faith and not on good works. Again sin and grace become a familiar subject of description in pictures. Adam is observed sitting between John the Baptist and a prophet at the foot of a tree. To the left God brings out the tables of the law, Adam and Eve partake of the forbidden fruit, the serpent is holding his head up high, and punishment takes place in the shape of death and the realm of Satan. To the right, the birth, Crucifixion and Resurrection symbolize achievement, and this is duly impressed on Adam by John the Baptist, who points to the sacrifice of the crucified Saviour. There are two examples of this work in the galleries of Gotha and Prague, both of them dated 1529.

Sons
Cranach had three sons, all artists: John Lucas Cranach, who died at Bologna in 1536; Hans Cranach, whose life is obscure; and Lucas Cranach the younger (1515-1586) who took over his father's workshop after his death. He also had a daughter Barbara Cranach, married to Christian Brück (Pontanus), ancestors of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Some of Lucas Cranach the Elder's Paintings

References
 Posse, Hans (1942) Lucas Cranach d. ä. A. Schroll & Co., Vienna OCLC 773554 in German
 Descargues, Pierre (1960) Lucas Cranach the Elder (translated from the French by Helen Ramsbotham) Oldbourne Press, London, OCLC 434642
 Ruhmer, Eberhard (1963) Cranach (translated from the German by Joan Spencer) Phaidon, London, OCLC 1107030
 Friedländer, Max J.and Rosenberg, Jakob (1978) The Paintings of Lucas Cranach Tabard Press, New York
 Schade, Werner (1980) Cranach, a Family of Master Painters (translated from the German by Helen Sebba) Putnam, New York,
 Stepanov, Alexander (1997) Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1472-1553 Parkstone, Bournemouth, England,
 Koerner, Joseph Leo (2004) The reformation of the image University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
 Moser, Peter (2005) Lucas Cranach: His Life, His World, His Pictures (translated from the German by Kenneth Wynne) Babenberg Verlag, Bamberg, Germany,
 Brinkmann, Bodo et al. (2007) Lucas Cranach Royal Academy of Arts, London,

Other websites

 The nymph of the fountain in The Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool
 Woodcuts of Lucas Cranach the Elder in Cooperative Digital Resources Initiative

Category:1472 births
Category:1553 deaths
Category:German painters
Category:People from Bavaria
Category:German printmakers

Lucas Cranach the Elder


Different people have tried to classify countries into different groups. This is usually done either by looking at how rich people are, on average, in different countries, or how well-developed the political system is. Most of the time there are two groups, namely developing countries and developed ones. Sometimes there are three groups, in which case the third group is between developing and developed countries, and is usually called emerging countries.

These definitions are problematic, because a high standard of living does not just mean that people make a lot of money. The main problem is that things cost different amounts in different countries.  Just because people earn more money in one country does not necessarily mean they are better-off; they might earn more simply because the cost of living is higher. This means they need to spend more money just to buy those things they need every day.

For this reason, there are different definitions of developing countries. The level of economic development also changes a lot from one developing countries to another. There are developing countries that have a high standard of living.

Many of these countries have a lot of natural resources but not the Industrialization that would use them, so the resources are sold to the countries which can use them.

Words used to describe these countries
There have been many other names used to describe these countries, including:
 Third World: this name is because the members of NATO and their allies, which mostly had democracy and capitalist systems, counted themselves as the first world; communism (led by the USSR) was considered the second world; and the countries which did not take sides in this way were counted as a "third world" category.
 The Developing World

Less Developed Countries or "LDCs" is often used now because it seems less insulting.

References

Category:Country classifications

Developing country


Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport or Guadalajara International Airport, is an airport in Guadalajara, Mexico. It opened in 1966.

Airlines
These are the airlines that go to Guadalajara Airport:
Aeromar
Aeroméxico (hub)
Alaska Airlines
American Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Connection
Interjet
Magnicharters
TAR
United Airlines
United Express
VivaAerobus (hub)
Volaris (hub)

References

Category:Guadalajara
Category:Airports in North America
Category:Transport in Mexico
Category:1966 establishments in North America
Category:1960s establishments in Mexico


Sentimentality is both a  used to make people respond emotionally, but usually in a way more than is needed.

"A sentimentalist", Oscar Wilde wrote, "is one who desires (wants) to have the luxury of an emotion without paying for it." Yeats wrote, "Rhetoric is fooling others. Sentimentality is fooling yourself."

Sentimental began to be thought of more negatively from the nineteenth century. Before that it had simply meant "feeling", but it began be criticized for its "excessiveness" (too much), and now is about feeling in situations where it is not needed.

References

Category:Emotions

Sentimentality


The Open Door Tour is the second worldwide tour by American alternative metal band Evanescence. Supporting the bands' second album, The Open Door, the tour began October 5, 2006, in Toronto, Canada and lasted for a little over a year. During the tour, the band performed at several popular music festivals, including Download and PinkPop festivals and Z100's Jingle Ball. The setlist included songs from The Open Door and the bands debut album, Fallen.

Background

For the first leg of the tour, the band toured locations in North America in October and traveled to Europe in November to play a number of shows before returning to the U.S. in December to perform in large arenas. The band later continued this leg of the tour in January 2007 in Montreal, Canada, playing in locations in Canada before heading to Japan and Australia.

The second leg of the tour began on March 16, kicking off in Fresno, California. The tour ran through the U.S., South America, South Africa and Europe, closing their European tour with a sell-out concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana, Israel, on June 26, 2007. On May 4, 2007, guitarist John LeCompt was fired and drummer Rocky Grey quit. They were replaced by Troy McLawhorn and Will Hunt from the band Dark New Day.

Evanescence later co-headlined The Family Values Tour alongside Korn from July 27 until September 2, 2007. Afterwards, the band left on their Winter tour on October 23, playing shows in the U.S. and Mexico, before concluding the album's tour on December 8, 2007 in Kingston, Rhode Island. It was initially stated that McLawhorn and Hunt would tour with Evanescence till the end of the Family Values Tour in September, but continued to play with the band through The Open Door tour.

Opening Acts

First Leg
 Revelation Theory (United States, Europe)
 Stone Sour (Canada)
 The Black Maria (Canada)
 Shihad (Australia)

Second Leg
 Chevelle (United States)
 Finger Eleven (United States)

Third Leg
 Sick Puppies
 Julien-K
 Shiny Toy Guns (Special Appearance)

Setlists
{{hidden
| headercss = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 65%;
| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 75%;
| header = First Leg
| content =North America
"Sweet Sacrifice"
"Weight of the World"
"The Only One"
"Going Under"
"Whisper"
"Lithium"
"Good Enough"
"Haunted"
"Imaginary"
"Call Me When You're Sober"
"Bring Me to Life"
"Lacrymosa"
Encore
"My Immortal"
"All That I'm Living For"

Europe
Sweet Sacrifice
Weight of the World
Going Under
The Only One
Haunted
Whisper
Lithium
Good Enough
Call Me When You're Sober
Imaginary
Bring Me to Life
Lacrymosa
Encore
My Immortal
All That I'm Living For
}}

Category:Evanescence
Category:Concert tours

en:The Open Door#Tour

The Open Door Tour


Anchors are used to stop boats from moving. Today, anchors are usually made of metal, and they are made to catch the ocean floor (the seabed).

There are two main types of anchors: temporary and permanent. A permanent anchor is called a mooring block and is not easily moved. A temporary anchor can be moved and is carried on the boat. When people talk about anchors, they are usually thinking about temporary anchors.

An anchor works by either weight (mass) or shape. Shape is more important to temporary anchors, and design is very important. Anchors must resist wind and tide, and also the up-and-down movement of waves.

History

The oldest anchors were just rocks, and many rock anchors have been found from a long time ago. Many modern moorings still use a large rock as the mooring block.

A simple anchor which uses two arms made of wood, and a rock weight, is an anchor which is still used today. The wood arms are sharp to enter the seabed, and the weight will hold normal movement.

Designs of temporary anchors

The English language uses several special words to describe parts of anchors. This is because England has a rich marine and naval history, and so the language gives a large number of words to boat and ship terminology.

A modern temporary anchor usually has a middle bar called the shank, attached to a flat surface (traditionally called fluke) which holds the seabed. The place where the shank meets the fluke is called the crown, and the shank is usually fitted with a ring or shackle to attach it to the rode (cable, chain, or rope joining the anchor to the boat). Some old anchors have attached to the shank a stock, which is a bar that places the anchor in a certain way when it falls on the seabed. Old anchors are often named "stocked" or "stockless" anchors depending on whether they have this, or not.

There are many designs.

 Hook designs use small flukes with a heavy, narrow fluke-arms to go deeply into difficult seabeds.
 Plow (also spelled "plough") bury themselves in the bottom as force is applied to them. They look and work like a farmer's plow. The first was the CQR, first made in 1933 in the United Kingdom. They do not hold as well as modern anchors.
 Fluke or plate designs use large flukes to develop good holding. They hold well but are difficult to make set (go into the seabed).

Over the last 20 years, many new anchor designs have appeared. These anchors are usually designed for small vessels, and are usually not for large ships. See modern designs.

Fisherman

The Fisherman has a traditional design that has not changed much over time. It is less useful than a good modern design, and its holding power for its weight is among the worst of all anchor types.

Fluke

The most common type of fluke anchors is the Danforth. The Danforth style uses a stock at the crown (see above), to which two large flat flukes are attached. The stock can rotate, so the flukes can move toward the bottom. It can hold very well but has difficulty setting (entering the seabed) on its own. It is efficient for its weight.

Fluke anchors have difficulty penetrating kelp and weed seabeds, as well as very hard sand or clay seabeds. Once set, the anchor can come free and fail to reset on its own.

Grapnel

A traditional design, the grapnel style is simple to design and build. It is a simple hook that is good for rock or reefs. It is useless for most other seabeds.

Plow

The original CQR was invented in 1933 in the United Kingdom. Many copies of it now exist. Plows used to be popular with sailors and private boaters. They are good but not excellent in most seabeds. Another more recent design is the Delta which is better.

Plows use a special weight in the tip of the fluke (the toe) for them to work properly. This makes them heavy.

The genuine CQR and Delta brands are now owned by Lewmar.

Bruce / Claw

The genuine Bruce was invented in the 1970s and to try to solve some problems of the plow. Many copies are now made. This type of anchor is now called a "claw-type". Claw anchors can set quickly in some seabeds, but do not hold well for their weight, and can let go very suddenly.

Bruce Anchor Group no longer make the genuine Bruce. Most copies are lower quality than the genuine Bruce.

Modern designs

Modern anchors are designed to be better than the plow and claw types. Many are new, still under patent and owned by commercial companies or tied to certain brands.

 The Bügel, first built by German steel company WASI, has a sharp fluke for weed, and features a roll-bar to turn the anchor to the correct angle on the seabed
 The Bulwagga has three flukes instead of two. It has done well in tests by independent organizations.
 The Spade has been well accepted since 1996. It performs well.
 The Rocna has been made since 2004. Like the Bügel', it has a sharp toe and roll-bar for weed and grass. It sets quickly, and has a large fluke area. Its roll-bar is similar to the Bügel's, and ensures the correct setting angle with low weight on the tip. The Rocna got the highest averaged holding in SAIL magazine's testing in 2006   .

 Performance of temporary anchors

Many modern designs are better than the older types. This chart shows tests done by West Marine (an American marine shop) in 2006 . The anchors were tested on three different sandy seabeds, at three different scopes (pull angles).

Six of the seven best anchors on this chart are "modern", but several modern anchors did very badly. This shows that 'newer' is not always better.

 Designs of permanent anchors
Permanent anchors are used when a floating thing must be kept in place for a long time. They are used to anchor Lightships, navigation buoys, and moorings. The anchor must hold in all weather, even the worst storm.

 Deadweight
A deadweight anchors is a heavy weight. It can be used when the bottom is too hard for other types of anchors. It can be made of a large rock or a concrete block.

 Mushroom or Pyramid

Mushroom and pyramid anchors are good where the seabed is soft. This type of anchor needs time to dig into the seabed. It can be smaller and lighter than a deadweight anchor. The mushroom anchor is shaped like a mushroom, and the pyramid anchor is shaped like a pyramid with the apex pointing down.

 Modern designs
The sand screw must be screwed into the seabed before it is used. It can be very light.

 References

 Edwards, Fred; Sailing as a Second Language: An illustrated dictionary, 1988 Highmark Publishing;
 Hinz, Earl R.; The Complete Book of Anchoring and Mooring, Rev. 2d ed., 1986, 1994, 2001 Cornell Maritime Press;
 Hiscock, Eric C.; Cruising Under Sail, second edition, 1965 Oxford University Press;
 Pardey, Lin and Larry; The Capable Cruiser,; 1995 Pardey Books/Paradise Cay Publications;
 Rousmaniere, John; The Annapolis Book of Seamanship, 1983, 1989 Simon and Schuster;
 Smith, Everrett; Cruising World's Guide to Seamanship: Hold me tight,'' 1992 New York Times Sports/Leisure Magazines

Other websites

 "Ultimate Holding Power" - Anchor Test from Yachting Monthly December 2006
 "Holding Power" - 14 Anchors Tested from SAIL magazine October 2006
 Lightship anchors
 About the Manson Supreme Anchor — Article discussing problems with copies of genuine anchor types
 A Process of Evolution — An essay on boat anchors by New Zealand boatbuilder, offshore cruiser, & consultant Peter Smith
  — Article on anchoring from Coastguard Member's Handbook 2007

Category:Ship building
Category:Boats

Anchor


Robert Graeme Pollock, known as Graeme, (born 27 February 1944 in Durban, Natal, South Africa) was a national cricketer for South Africa. He played in 23 test matches for his country.

He comes from a famous cricketing family, Pollock is widely seen as South Africa's greatest cricketer, and as one of the best left-handed batsmen to have played Test cricket.

He won many awards, including:
 South Africa's Cricketer of the 20th Century  (chosen in 1999)
 One of Wisden's Cricketers of the Year  (chosen in 1966)
 Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for 1967 and 1969 (chosen in 2007).

Donald Bradman said that Pollock and Sir Garfield Sobers were the best left-handers Bradman had ever seen play cricket.

References

Category:1944 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Durban
Category:South African cricketers
Category:White South African people

Graeme Pollock


The Nebraska Cornhuskers are the athletic football team of The University of Nebraska and they play in the Big 12 Conference. They will play in the Big Ten Conference at the beginning of the 2011-2012 season. The current head coach of Cornhuskers is Bo Pelini and he is in his 3rd year with them. The Cornhuskers play at Memorial Stadium, Lincoln which seats about 81,067. The Cornhuskers have won 24 bowl games. The Cornhuskers have two retired jersey numbers #60 for Tom Novak and #64 for Bob Brown.

Other websites
 Nebraska Cornhuskers athletics site

Category:College football

Nebraska Cornhuskers football


Alex Turner (born 6 January 1986) is a British musician. He is the lead singer and guitarist of the Arctic Monkeys. He is also a member of The Last Shadow Puppets. He was born and raised in Sheffield. His father was a music teacher and his mother was a German teacher.

The Arctic Monkeys have released 5 studio albums. The first was Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not. The second was Favourite Worst Nightmare. The third was Humbug. The fourth was Suck It and See, which was released late in 2011. The fifth was "AM", which was released in 2013.

References

Category:English guitarists
Category:English rock musicians
Category:English singer-songwriters
Category:People from Sheffield
Category:1986 births
Category:Living people

Alex Turner (musician)


Frankie Goes to Hollywood were a British dance band from Liverpool, England. The band is probably best known for their first single "Relax". This BBC banned the song.

The band released their first studio album Welcome to the Pleasuredome on 29 October 1984. The album featured the singles "Relax", "Two Tribes", "The Power of Love" and "Welcome to the Pleasuredome". Their second and last studio album Liverpool was released on 20 October 1986. The band broke up in 1987. They reunited in 2004, but broke up again in 2007.

Band members
Mark O'Toole – bass (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
Peter Gill – drums (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
Holly Johnson – lead singer (1980–1987)
Jed O'Toole – guitar (1980–1982, 2004–2007)
Sonia Mazumder – back-up singer (1980)
Paul Rutherford – back-up singer, keyboards, dancing (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
Brian Nash – guitar (1982–1987)
Ryan Molloy – lead singer (2004–2007)

Discography

Albums
Welcome to the Pleasuredome (1984)
''Liverpool (1986)

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:Musical groups established in 1980
Category:1980 establishments in England
Category:1980s British music groups
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1987
Category:1987 disestablishments in Europe
Category:1980s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Category:2000s British music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 2004
Category:2004 establishments in England
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2007
Category:2007 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Category:2000s disestablishments in England
Category:English pop music groups
Category:Musical groups from Liverpool
Category:New wave bands

Frankie Goes to Hollywood


Les Agettes was a municipality in the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Since 2017, it is part of the municipality of Sion.

Other websites

 Official Website

Category:Former municipalities of Valais

Les Agettes


Anthony White (born April 23, 1954) is an American professional wrestler, bodybuilder and powerlifter. He wrestled for numerous wrestling companies in his career. He most notably competed for NWA, WCW and WWF/E. He most recently appeared as an on screen manager and co-host of The Abraham Washington Show for WWE, on their now-defunct ECW brand. Atlas is also known as Mr. USA, a title which he earned three times when he was a body builder. He was also known by the names the "Black Superman" ans his alter ego named Saba Simba. Atlas said in an interview that the Saba Simba character saved his life when he was homeless and living on a park bench before he got a phone call from Vince McMahon. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2006.

References

Other websites
WWE.com profile

Category:1969 births
Category:American professional wrestlers
Category:Former WWE wrestlers
Category:Living people
Category:People from Roanoke, Virginia
Category:Sportspeople from Virginia
Category:WWE Hall of Fame

Tony Atlas


Young is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is the centre of Young Shire. It is on the Olympic Highway. It is about 2 hours drive from Canberra. Young is in a valley surrounded by hills. In 2001 there were 6,821 people living in Young.

Young is known as the Cherry Capital Of Australia and every year hosts the National Cherry Festival.

History
  The indigenous people of the district were members of the Burrowmunditory tribe, part of the Wiradjuri people.

James White was the first European settler in the area. He started Burrangong Station (farm) in 1826 by taking an area of 100 square miles.

Gold was found in the area in 1860.  Until that time the area was called Lambing Flat. This was an area where sheep were grazed before the gold rush. The town was officially listed in 1861.  About 470,000 ounces of gold were sent by the armed gold escort from the goldfields.  Up to 20,000 miners were digging for gold including about 2,000 Chinese miners.

From November 1860 through to June 1861 European miners attacked Chinese gold miners in the area. This is now known as the Lambing Flat riots.  As gold became harder to find, European miners got upset that the Chinese miners were still finding gold. Many Chinese miners were attacked, robbed and killed. They were chased off the goldfields. Eventually the riots were stopped and the Chinese miners had their mining areas given back. The New South Wales Parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Bill. This put a limit on the number of Chinese that could come to New South Wales on any ship. They also had to pay a tax to come New South Wales.

In 1889 Young was the first country town in Australia to have electricity for the streets and houses. Young was the first Local Government Area to start a country school bus system in New South Wales

Education
There are seven schools in Young:
Bellhaven Special School
St Mary's Primary School
M-E-T School Young Campus
Young North Primary School
Young Public School
Hennessy Catholic College
Young High School

Sport
 Young Yabbies are a Rugby Union team playing in the Southern Inland Rugby Union competition.
 Young Cherrypickers are a Rugby League team playing in the Group 9 competition
 Young Saints are an Australian Rules Football team playing in the Central West competition.
 Young Lions are a Soccer team playing in the Bathurst District Soccer Senior Mens and Senior Women's competition.

Newspapers
Burrangong Argus 1864-1914 (became the Young Witness)
Burrangong Chronicle 1873-1902 (became the Young Chronicle)
Burrangong Courier 1962
The Lambing Flat Miner 1862-1961
Young Chronicle 1902-1947 (incorporated in The Young Witness)
The Young Witness 1914-

Radio Stations
2LF AM 1350 (commercial),
ROCCY FM FM 93.9  (commercial),
SBS FM 98.7 (retransmission),
JJJ 90.7,
ABC Radio National 89.1/97.1,
ABC Riverina 89.9/96.3,
Classic FM 88.3,
Cherry Capital Music & Sport "2YYY, FM 92.3" (Local Community Broadcasting Radio Station).

The Lambing Flat Chinese Tribute Gardens
Young Shire Council has started these gardens next to Chinaman’s Dam. This is an old railway dam about 4 km south of Young. They are made to create a peaceful feeling like the Japanese garden at Cowra.

Chinaman’s Dam was built in the 1860s by Dutch brothers, Herman and John Tiedeman. They used the water for the sluicing of their Victoria Hill gold claims. In the 1870s, the brothers sold the area, including the dam, to a Chinese group who worked the site. It is in a small gully called  Pitstone on Sawpit Gully.

In 1882 the NSW government started to build the first part of the Blayney to Demondrille railway line. To provide water for the steam trains, they decided to use the dam and pump water from it to a tank, known as Young Tank, at the 246 mile post. It is not known whether the railways improved the old dam or built a new one.

From 1885 to 1901, trains stopped at Young Tank to refill with water. In 1901, trains were able to get water at Young Railway Station. The supply of water came from Chinaman’s Dam. The size of the dam was enlarged in 1911 to hold about 2 million gallons.

The dam was a popular spot for swimming.

When the town water supply was connected to the Burrinjuck Dam, the railways stopped using Chinaman’s Dam. In 1937 the area turned into a 36 acre park. The Shire Council looks after the gardens. The dam has since been made bigger.

References

Category:Towns in New South Wales
Category:1826 establishments
Category:1820s establishments in Australia

Young, New South Wales


Vicente Lucio Salazar (20 December 1832 – 14 February 1896) was President of Ecuador between 16 April 1895 and 1 September 1895.

He became Vice President in 1894, and became President when Luis Cordero left office.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

Category:1832 births
Category:1896 deaths
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Presidents of Ecuador
Category:People from Quito

Vicente Lucio Salazar


Padstow is a small town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is at the mouth of the River Camel. It is a fishing port and is well known for the 'Obby 'Oss (hobby horse) ceremony which is celebrated on May Day every year. A ferry connects Padstow with the village of Rock on the opposite side of the Camel estuary.

Category:Towns in Cornwall
Category:Civil parishes in Cornwall

Padstow


The flag of the Republic of China is a red flag with a navy blue canton bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays. In Chinese, the flag is commonly described as Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth(青天白日滿地紅) to reflect its property.

The flag was first used in mainland China as the Navy flag in 1912, and was made the official national flag of the Republic of China (ROC) in 1928 by the Kuomintang (KMT). The flag is no longer used in mainland China after the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

References

China, Republic of
Category:Taiwan

Flag of the Republic of China


The Lone Gunmen was a short-lived television show based on the show The X-Files. It focused on the three geeks that occasionally helped Agents Mulder and Scully. Their names were John Byers, played by Bruce Harwood, Ringo Langly, played by Dean Haglund, and Melvin Frohike, played by Tom Braidwood (who used to work behind the scenes on The X-Files until he was talked into taking the part of Frohike).

The series expanded the line-up to include a character named Jimmy Bond, played by Stephen Snedden, and Yves Adele Harlow, played by Zuleikha Robinson.

It is best known for predicting the events of 9/11 in its first episode.

Category:American science fiction television series
Category:Fox television series
Category:Television spin-offs

The Lone Gunmen (TV series)


Alexander Van der Bellen (born 18 January 1944) is an Austrian politician and economist. On 23 May 2016, he was elected the President-elect of Austria. However, after this, the court said the results had been wrong. He redid the election, and on 4 December 2016, he won even better. He was sworn into office on 26 January 2017 official becoming the president.

Early life
Van der Bellen was born in Vienna. His father was Russian and his mother was Estonian.

In 1962, he graduated from the Akademisches Gymnasium in Innsbruck. He studied economics at the University of Innsbruck. He received a doctorate in 1970.

Political career
Van der Bellen is a retired professor of economics at the University of Vienna. He is a member of the Austrian Green Party. He served as a member of the National Council from 1994 to 2012. He was the chairman of the parliamentary club and federal spokesperson of his party from 1997 to 2008.

Presidency (since 2017)
He ran as a nominally independent candidate supported by the Green Party in the 2016 presidential election, and finished second in the first round before winning the second round against far-right candidate Norbert Hofer. A second election was ordered since the votes were too narrow. In December 2016, Van der Bellen won the election with more votes. He took office on 26 January 2017.

Political views
Van der Bellen supports green and social liberal policies, and is supportive of the European Union.

References

Other websites

Category:1944 births
Category:Living people
Category:Academics
Category:Austrian scientists
Category:Current national leaders
Category:Economists
Category:Presidents of Austria
Category:Scientists from Vienna

Alexander Van der Bellen


Mustafa Mujezinović (27 December 1954 – 23 December 2019) was the Prime Minister of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2009 to 2011.

References

Other websites

Category:1954 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina people
Category:Prime ministers

Mustafa Mujezinović


Colin Agnew McDonald (born 15 October 1930) is an English former football goalkeeper. He played for Burnley from 1953 to 1959. He also played eight matches for the England national football team, including all four matches in the 1958 FIFA World Cup.

Other websites
Burnley profile

Category:1930 births
Category:Living people
Category:English footballers
Category:Sportspeople from Manchester

Colin McDonald


For the fictional character, see Sonic the Hedgehog

A hedgehog, also called a hedgepig or furze-pig, is a small mammal. It has between 5000-7000 spines on its back. There are hedgehogs in Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand. When attacked or threatened, it curls up. Hedgehogs eat insects, snails, frogs and toads, snakes, bird eggs, carrion, mushrooms, berries and melons. Sometimes, hedgehogs will search for earthworms after rainstorms.

Hedgehogs are nocturnal animals and they hibernate between November and March.

Description
Hedgehogs have long spines, or quills, made of keratin. They do not come off easily, unlike porcupines, but in baby hedgehogs, the baby quills drop off and are replaced with adult quills. This is called "quilling". When they are very stressed or sick, their quills can fall off, too. Their quills are not poisonous: they are safe for humans to feel and touch, as they are not very sharp, or harmful.

Pets
Some people keep hedgehogs as pets. African pygmy hedgehogs are the most common type that are kept as pets. They live 2-4 years in captivity. Hedgehogs are exotic pets, which means they may not be legal to keep as pets in some places.

References

Other websites

Hedgehog reference at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
Hedgehog Facts
Hedgehog Care and Advice

Category:Eulipotyphla

Hedgehog


The Temple of Artemis (, Artemision, Latin: Artemisium), also known as the Artemision, was a temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis (or Cynthia). It was completed around 350 BC at Ephesus (in present-day Turkey) under the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire. Only ruins of the temple remain. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Location

The Temple of Artemis was near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 50 km south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey.

Architecture and art
Most of the description of the Temple of Artemis comes from Pliny, though there are different accounts that give different sizes.

Pliny said the temple was 115 meters long and 55 meters wide. He said it was made almost completely of marble. It was about three times as big as the Parthenon by area. The Temple has 127 Ionic-styled columns. Each is 17.5 meters in height.

The Temple of Artemis had many fine artworks. Bronze sculptures by famous Greek sculptors Polyclitus, Pheidias, Cresilas, and Phradmon were in the temple. Paintings and gilded columns of gold and silver were also in it. The sculptors often competed at creating the best sculpture. Many of these sculptures were of Amazons, who are said to have founded the city of Ephesus.

Pliny said that Scopas, who also worked on the Mausoleum of Mausollos, worked carved reliefs into the temple's columns.

Athenagoras of Athens names Endoeus, a student of Daedalus, as the sculptor of the main statue of Artemis in Ephesus.

Cult and influence
The Temple of Artemis was at a flourishing region. It was used as a religious institute. Merchants and travellers came to it from all over Asia Minor. The temple was influenced by many beliefs. It can be seen as a symbol of faith for many different peoples. The Ephesians worshiped Cybele. They joined many of their beliefs into the worship of Artemis. Artemisian Cybele became very different from the Roman goddess Diana. The cult of Artemis attracted thousands of worshipers from far-off lands. They all gathered at the site and worshipped her.

References
 Anton Bammer, "A Peripteros" of the Geometric Period in the Artemision of Ephesus" Anatolian Studies 40 (1990), pp. 137–160.
 Lynn R. LiDonnici, "The Images of Artemis Ephesia and Greco-Roman Worship: A Reconsideration" The Harvard Theological Review 85.4 (October 1992), pp 389–415.

Other websites

 UnMuseum's The Temple of Artemis
 Seven Wonders' Temple of Artemis
 Florence Mary Bennett, Religious Cults Associated with the Amazons: (1912): Chapter III: Ephesian Artemis (text)
 James Grout: Temple of Artemis, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
 Diana's Temple at Ephesus (W. R. Lethaby, 1908)

Category:Seven Wonders of the World
Category:Ancient Greece

Temple of Artemis


was a Japanese director, screenwriter and editor. He was born in Onomichi, Hiroshima, Japan. He was best known as the director of the 1977 horror movie House. His other best movies are Toki o Kakeru Shōjo and Hanagatami.

Obayashi died on April 10, 2020 in Tokyo of lung cancer at the age of 82.

References

Category:1938 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Japanese movie directors
Category:Japanese writers
Category:Editors
Category:Screenwriters

Nobuhiko Obayashi


This article is about the product line.  For the basketball player with the nickname, see Michael Jordan.

Air Jordan is a type or brand of basketball shoes produced by Nike, Inc. since 1984. In the name “Air” means air cushion technology. “Jordan” means Michael Jordan who is an  NBA basketball player. Also, “Air Jordan” or mj is a nickname of Michael Jordan. There have been many styles of Air Jordan shoes and it has been selling over the past 20 years.
They are proven to be expensive at some retailers and can get dirty easily as per their white color

References

Notes

Category:Basketball
Category:Footwear

Air Jordan


Kozani is a city in northern Greece. It is the capital of Kozani Prefecture and of the region of Macedonia. The population of the city is 38,591, according to 2001 census. In district of Kozani products the main amount of electrical energy of Greece.

Category:Cities in Greece

Kozani


Downs is a city in Osborne County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 900 people lived there.

History
Downs started in the year 1879 when the Central Branch Railroad was extended to that point. It was named after William F. Downs, a railroad employee from Atchison, Kansas. Downs became an incorporated town in December of 1879. In 1910, 1,427 people lived there. There were two newspapers, a public library, flour mills, grain elevators, and an opera house.

Geography
Downs is at  (39.503305, -98.543500). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
In 2010, there were 900 people, 424 households, and 239 families living in Downs. The population density was . 97.6% of the people were White, 0.1% were African American, 1.1% were Native American, 0.6% were Asian, and 0.7% were from two or more races. 0.9% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census
In 2000, there were 1,038 people, 474 households, and 273 families living in Downs. The population density was 941.4 people per square mile (364.3/km²). 98.75% of the people were White, 0.67% were Native American, 0.29% were Asian, 0.10% were from other races, and 0.19% were from two or more races. 0.48% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Education
Downs is a part of USD 272 Waconda. The district elementary school is Lakeside Elementary School in Cawker City. The district high school is Lakeside High School in Downs; the mascot is Knights.

School unification combined Downs and Waconda East schools into USD 272 in 2003. The combined high school became Lakeside Jr./Sr. High School in Downs.

Downs High School was closed because of school unification. The Downs High School mascot was Dragons. The Downs Dragons won the following Kansas State High School championships:
 1938 Boys Basketball - Class B
 1950 Boys Basketball - Class B
 1988 Boys Cross Country - Class 2-1A

Downs Elementary School and Downs Junior High School was in Downs.

Famous people
 Francis Schmidt, football and basketball coach

See also
 Meades Ranch Triangulation Station, the geodetic base point for the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27), which was used as a reference point until 1983.
 Waconda Lake and Glen Elder State Park.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Downs
 Downs - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 272, local school district
Pictures
 Historic Images of Downs, Wichita State University Library
Maps
 Downs City Map, KDOT

Category:Cities in Osborne County, Kansas
Category:1879 establishments in Kansas

Downs, Kansas


Country Code: +375
International Call Prefix: 00 (was 8~10)
Trunk Prefix: 8

Belarus began using its own country code +375 in 1995. Before that it was part of the +7 international country code. The local numbering plan came from USSR.  It has changed little.

Geographic area codes were made based on previous 3-digit USSR area codes by removing the lead 0. Calling across areas still requires dialing trunk prefix 8 and waiting for dialtone after that.

Category:Telephone numbers
Category:Belarus

Telephone numbers in Belarus


Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981), is an American recording artist and entertainer. She has recorded several albums and has received several entertainment industry awards.

Early life
Britney Jean Spears was born on December 2, 1981. Her parents are Lynne Irene (née Bridges and James Parnell Spears. She grew up in Kentwood, Louisiana. Her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portell, was English (born in London), and one of Spears's maternal great-great-grandfathers was Maltese. Her siblings are Bryan James and Jamie Lynn. She was the middle of three children.

She prepared early for a career in entertainment. She took music and dance lessons. She often performed for family and friends.

Personal life
On January 3, 2004, Spears married her childhood friend Jason Allen Alexander in Las Vegas, Nevada. The marriage was annulled 55 hours later. On September 18, 2004, Spears married Kevin Federline. They had a son on September 14, 2005 named Sean Preston Spears Federline. On September 12, 2006, Britney gave birth to their second son, Jayden James Spears Federline.

In November 2006, Spears filed for divorce from Federline. In September 2007, Spears lost some custody of her two children, Sean Preston and Jayden James, to her ex-husband, Federline. At the beginning of January 2008, Spears lost full custody of her children after a mental breakdown. In February 2008, her father took control of her estate. Spears currently has 50/50 custody of her two sons.

Spears stated in 2012 that she has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Professional life
Spears appeared on the 1993-1994 season of the children's television series, The All New Mickey Mouse Club. In 1997, she signed with Jive Records. Her first and second studio albums ...Baby One More Time (1999, the best-selling album by a teenage solo artist) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000) became great successes. Their title tracks broke sales records around the world.

In 2001, Spears released her third album Britney and starred in the profitmaking but critically panned movie, Crossroads. She developed a more sexualized image, dancing in little clothing with an albino python at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards. She took creative control of her fourth album In the Zone (2003). The song "Toxic" was a huge success. In 2003, she shared a kiss with Madonna at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards that raised eyebrows in the entertainment industry and fan magazines.

Spears' fifth album Blackout was released in 2007.

On September 17, 2013 "Work Bitch" was released as the first single from Spears' eighth album Britney Jean.

In November 2017, her first watercolor painting sold for $10,000 in Las Vegas.

Awards
Spears has one Grammy, three MTV Video Music Awards, and her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.  She has had five #1 songs: "...Baby One More Time", "Womanizer", "3", "Hold It Against Me" and "S&M (remix)"

Albums
Spears has made nine studio albums:
 ...Baby One More Time (1999, initially set to release in 1998 but got delayed)
 Oops!... I Did It Again (2000)
 Britney (2001)
 In the Zone (2003)
 The Original Doll (cancelled, initially set for 2005)
 Blackout (2007)
 Circus (2008)
 Femme Fatale (2011)
 Britney Jean (2013)
 Glory (2016)
Blackout 2.0 (2020)

References

Other websites

 Official site (1)
 Official site (2)

Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Mississippi
Category:American child singers
Category:American movie actors
Category:American pop musicians

Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Mouseketeers

Category:Singers from Mississippi

Britney Spears


John Welsh is a football player. He plays for Hull City.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002-03||rowspan="3"|Liverpool||rowspan="3"|Premier League||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2003-04||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0||2||0
|-
|2004-05||3||0||1||0||2||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2005-06||rowspan="2"|Hull City||rowspan="2"|League Championship||32||2||colspan="2"|-||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||2
|-
|2006-07||18||1||colspan="2"|-||3||0||colspan="2"|-||21||1
|-
|2007-08||Chester City||League Two||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2008-09||Hull City||Premier League||||||||||||||||||||
54||3||1||0||7||0||2||0||64||3
54||3||1||0||7||0||2||0||64||3
|}

References

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:English footballers
Category:People from Liverpool

John Welsh


Child's Play 3 is a 1991 American slasher comedy movie and the third installment in the Child's Play movie series. The movie is written by Don Mancini, and directed by Jack Bender, with Brad Dourif returning as the voice of Chucky.

Although released only nine months later, the story takes place eight years following the events of 1990's Child's Play 2.

References

Category:1991 movies
Category:Child's Play movies
Category:Universal Pictures movies

Child's Play 3


The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XI Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1972 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympics to be held outside Western Europe and the United States, and only the third Games (Summer or Winter) held outside these regions, after Tokyo and Melbourne. The city won the rights to the games in 1966.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan

Other websites

Category:1972 in sports
Category:1970s in Japan
Category:Sapporo

1972 Winter Olympics


John Bowman Duncan (December 7, 1923 – February 8, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in The East Side Kids, The Bowery Boys and the 1949 serial Batman and Robin as Dick Grayson/Robin, the Boy Wonder. He was also in Bedtime for Bonzo and in Plan 9 from Outer Space

He was also one of the "Dead End Kids". They were a group of young actors from New York who were in a Broadway play, Dead End, in 1935.

References

Other websites

Website for Johnny Duncan

Category:1923 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Deaths from dementia
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:Actors from New York City

Johnny Duncan (actor)


Luca Marchegiani (born 22 February 1966) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1987/88||Brescia||Serie B||1||0
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="5"|Torino||Serie A||17||0
|-
|1989/90||Serie B||33||0
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="3"|Serie A||29||0
|-
|1991/92||33||0
|-
|1992/93||34||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="10"|Lazio||rowspan="10"|Serie A||34||0
|-
|1994/95||33||0
|-
|1995/96||26||0
|-
|1996/97||32||0
|-
|1997/98||33||0
|-
|1998/99||34||0
|-
|1999/00||28||0
|-
|2000/01||8||0
|-
|2001/02||9||0
|-
|2002/03||6||0
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|ChievoVerona||rowspan="2"|Serie A||29||0
|-
|2004/05||36||0
455||0
455||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||3||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||4||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
!Total||9||0
|}

References

Category:1966 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Goalkeepers
Category:People from Ancona

Luca Marchegiani


Karlskoga Municipality () is a municipality in Värmland County in central Sweden. The seat is in Karlskoga.

References

Other websites

 Karlskoga Municipality

Category:Municipalities of Sweden

Karlskoga Municipality


Meulles is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.

References

Category:Former communes in Calvados

Meulles


Edwin Powell Hubble  (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. Hubble's findings changed the scientific view of the universe.

In 1925 he showed that there are galaxies beyond our own, the Milky Way. Also, he developed a method for classifying galaxies.

Then he proved the galaxies were moving away from each other. Hubble found the degree of Doppler effect (redshift) from a galaxy increased in proportion to its distance from Earth. Doppler effect is the change in pitch or colour when an object or sound comes in (higher pitch, brighter color) or moves away (lower and darker). Redshift is observed in the light spectrum

In 1929 Hubble formulated what is called Hubble's law. The law states that the greater the distance between any two galaxies, the greater their relative speed of separation. Georges Lemaître, a Belgian priest and astronomer, had published the idea two years before in an obscure journal. Nevertheless, the idea bears Hubble's name to this day.

Today, the 'apparent velocities' of galaxies are understood as an increase in proper distance which occurs due to the expansion of space. Light traveling through stretching space experiences a Hubble-type redshift.

This work helped to establish that the universe is expanding. Some have incorrectly said that Hubble discovered the Doppler shift in the spectra of galaxies, but this had already been observed earlier by Vesto Slipher, whose data Hubble used.

The Hubble Space Telescope was named after Hubble.

Four major achievements
According to Sandage, Hubble achieved four main things:
A classification system for nebulae, both galactic (diffuse) and extragalactic (both nebulae inside our Milky Way galaxy, and other galaxies outside it).
Hubble settled decisively the question of the nature of the galaxies (as being other things like the Milky Way).
The distribution of galaxies was found to be homogeneous in distance (the galaxies were all over the universe, not in any particular location).
The linear velocity-distance relation was established. This discovery lead to the notion of the expanding universe which is the centre-piece of the cosmology of the present day.

Hubble's personal opinion on the data
Hubble himself did not see his 1929 data as evidence for an expanding Universe. Even six years later, Hubble wrote:

Inflation as an explanation for expansion
Hubble's words were forgotten, and the notion of the expansion of the universe became the consensus. Until the theoretical developments in the 1980s no one had an explanation for why this seemed to be the case. The question "why is the universe expanding?" is now answered by understanding the details of what happened in the first inflationary epoch (10−32 seconds) of the existence of our universe.

Hubble's law

References

Category:1889 births
Category:1953 deaths
Category:Cosmology
Category:American astronomers
Category:Scientists from Missouri

Edwin Hubble


Everything Is Everything is the second album by Diana Ross, released in 1970. After the huge success of her self-named album and the two singles released from it, Motown rushed the release of Everything is Everything album and therefore the album was released just a few months after it. Like Ross' previous album, the album had two singles released off of it, "I'm Still Waiting" and "Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedbood'ndoo".

Reviews

Track listing

Side A
"My Place" (Hal Davis, Mel Larson, Jerry Marcellino) – 2:46
"Ain't No Sad Song" (Hal Davis, Berry Gordy, Diana Ross) – 2:42
"Everything Is Everything" (Berry Gordy) – 2:27
"Baby It's Love" (Marvin Gaye, Anna Gordy Gaye, Charles Laskey) – 3:09
"I'm Still Waiting" (Deke Richards) – 3:44
"Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedood'ndoobe, Doobedood'ndoo" (Deke Richards) – 4:52

Side B
"Come Together" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)  – 6:40
"The Long and Winding Road" (Lennon, McCartney)  – 3:26
"I Love You (Call Me)" (Aretha Franklin)  – 3:23
"How About You?" (Deke Richards, Sandra Sanders, David VanDePitte) – 2:47
"(They Long to Be) Close to You" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David)  – 4:07

2008 expanded edition bonus tracks
"I Wish I Knew" (Debbie Dean, Deke Richards) – 3:30
"What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?" (Marilyn Bergman, Alan Bergman, Michel Legrand) – 3:25
"Something" (George Harrison) – 3:11
"Ain't No Sad Song" (Davis, Gordy, Ross) – 3:16
"Baby It's Love" (Alternate version) (Gaye, Gaye, Laskey) – 3:42
"Come Together" (1982 "Revelations" remix) (Lennon, McCartney) – 4:04
"I'm Still Waiting" (1990 Phil Chill remix) (Richards) – 4:08

Singles

References

Category:1970 albums
Category:Diana Ross
Category:R&B albums
Category:Soul albums

Everything is Everything


Juba is the capital and largest city of the Republic of South Sudan. It is also the capital of Central Equatoria, the smallest of the ten states of South Sudan. The city is on the White Nile. It is the seat of Juba County.

Category:Capital cities in Africa
Category:South Sudan

Juba


Robert Patrick Amell IV (born April 21, 1988) is a Canadian actor and producer. He is known for playing Stephen Jameson in The CW series The Tomorrow People (2013–2014) and Ronnie Raymond / Firestorm in The CW series The Flash (2014–2017).

Amell also played Fred Jones in the movies Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster, and Max in The Babysitter (2017) and its upcoming sequel. His other TV roles include series such as Life with Derek, True Jackson, VP, Unnatural History and Revenge. His movie other credits The Hunters (2013), The DUFF (2015) and Code 8 (2019).

Amell was born in Toronto, Ontario. He is a first cousin of actor Stephen Amell. He is married to fellow Canadian actor Italia Ricci. The couple have a son. In January 2020, Amell and Ricci became citizens of the United States.

References

Other websites

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Toronto
Category:Canadian child actors
Category:Canadian movie actors
Category:Canadian movie producers
Category:Canadian television actors
Category:Canadian voice actors
Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States

Robbie Amell


Valignat is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Valignat


Hernicourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France. It is 106 miles north of Paris on the River Ternoise. In 2004 there were about 424 people living in Hernicourt.

References

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Hernicourt


Upasni Maharaj (May 15, 1870 – December 24, 1941) was a Hindu guru who lived in a small village called Sakori in Maharashtra, India. Upasni had been a yogi and after coming to the famous Indian saint Sai Baba of Shirdi, and staying in his care for three years, he is said to have become a sadguru. Upasni is most famous as the guru of Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba. There are still disciples of Upasni Maharaj today who live in Sakori and take care of his temple there.

The principal teachings of Upasni Maharaj were:
Don't trouble others
Become useful to others, even if it costs you suffering.
Always remain content and in the state of Be as it may.

References

Category:Hindu gurus
Category:1870 births
Category:1941 deaths

Upasni Maharaj


Guyana national football team is the national football team of Guyana.

References

Category:National football teams
Category:Sport in Guyana

Guyana national football team


Albligen (also known in French as Albenon) was a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 the former municipalities of Albligen and Wahlern merged into the new municipality of Schwarzenburg.

Category:Former municipalities of Bern

Albligen


Westley is a village and civil parish in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 189 people living in Westley.

References

Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk
Category:Villages in Suffolk

Westley


The 2000 Canadian federal election was held on November 27, 2000, to elect 301 Members of Parliament of the House of Commons of Canada of the 37th Parliament of Canada.

Results

Vote and seat summaries

Results by province

Source: Elections Canada

Notes
Number of parties: 11
First appearance: Marijuana Party of Canada
Reappearance after hiatus: Communist Party of Canada
Final appearance: Natural Law Party of Canada, Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
First-and-only appearance: Canadian Alliance

References

Other websites
Elections Canada: 2000 election
Predicting the 2000 Canadian Election

Category:2000 elections
Category:Elections in Canada

2000 Canadian federal election


João Dionisio Filgueira Barreto Amoêdo (born 22 October 1962), also known as João Amoêdo, is a Brazilian engineer and politician. He is one of the founders of the New Party (NOVO). He was the president of the party from September 2015 to July 2017. He is the party's presidential candidate in the 2018 election.

References

Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian politicians

João Amoêdo


Kampala is the capital of Uganda. More than 1,800,000 people live there. The city is on the shore of Lake Victoria.

The Ugandan National Theatre is in Kampala. There is also a university in the city.
The home team; Kampala City Council (KCC) Footbal Club is a leading Africa FIFA Club team player.

References

Category:Capital cities in Africa
Category:Uganda

Kampala


Cass County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 30,464 people lived there. The county seat is Linden.

Category:Texas counties

Cass County, Texas


Gustavsberg is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 254 people lived there.

References

Category:Settlements in Vasternorrland County

Gustavsberg, Sundsvall Municipality


Sir Peter Levin Shaffer (15 May 1926 – 6 June 2016) was an English playwright and screenwriter. He was known for his works in Equus, Amadeus, Black Comedy, and in The Royal Hunt of the Sun. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Screenwriter.

Shaffer died on 6 June 2016 at the age of 90 while on a trip to the southwest of Ireland.

References

Other websites

Category:1926 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Academy Award winners
Category:English playwrights
Category:English screenwriters
Category:Golden Globe Award winners
Category:Writers from Liverpool

Peter Shaffer


Discovery Bay is a census-designated place (CDP) in eastern Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is about  from San Francisco. It is in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of 2010, its population was 13,352, a 48.7 percent gain from 8,981 at the 2000 census.

References

Other websites

Town of Discovery Bay
Reclamation District 800
Discovery Bay Chamber of Commerce
Discovery Bay Lions Club
Discovery Bay Yacht Harbor
Discovery Bay Golf & Country Club

Category:Census-designated places in California
Category:Settlements in Contra Costa County, California
Category:Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area

Discovery Bay, California


Gloss may be:

A shiny or polished surface
Lip gloss, a cosmetic
A commentary written on a manuscript work which helps the reader to understand it. By extension, any written or spoken comments which throw light on a printed work.

Gloss


Kang Hyun-Su (born 16 July 1984) is a North Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2007||Kyoto Sanga||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Kataller Toyama||Football League||17||0||1||0||18||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||34||1||0||0||34||1
|-
|2010||||||||||||
51||1||1||0||52||1
51||1||1||0||52||1
|}

References

Other websites
Kataller Toyama

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:North Korean footballers
Category:People from Osaka

Kang Hyun-Su


Betty Davis was funk-soul singer, famous in the 70's. She was married to the star of Jazz Miles Davis, from where she took her surname.

Other websites
 The Sound of Young America: Betty Davis Interview – June 21, 2007: Betty Davis gives her first radio interview in 30 years.
 Betty Davis: Betty Davis – Album review

Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:Singers from North Carolina

Betty Davis


Kurgla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Category:Raasiku Parish
Category:Settlements in Estonia

Kurgla


Events
March 1 – the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
April 27 – Cebu City is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
May 18 – The Ottoman troops landed on the island of Malta. The Great Siege of Malta began.
June 17 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.
August 28 – St. Augustine, Florida (named after St. Augustine), established. It is the oldest remaining European settlement in the United States.
September 4 – Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands on modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.
September 8 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés settles in St. Augustine, Florida.
September 8 – The Knights of Malta lift the Turkish Siege of Malta (siege started on May 18).

1565


Bartlett is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Category:Villages in Illinois
Category:Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Category:Settlements in Cook County, Illinois

Bartlett, Illinois


Joe Pavelski is an ice hockey player. He plays center for the San Jose Sharks. In 2015, he became the captain of the team.

References

Other websites
Joe Pavelski

Category:San Jose Sharks players
Category:Living people
Category:American ice hockey players
Category:1984 births
Category:People from Wisconsin
Category:American Hockey League players
Category:United States Hockey League players

Joe Pavelski


Meilen is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

Municipalities
Meilen contains 11 municipalities:

Category:Districts of Zürich

Meilen District


The Honourable Peter George Underwood  (10 October 1937 – 7 July 2014) was an Australian jurist and politician. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 2004 to 2008. He was a judge of that court since 1984. He was the Governor of Tasmania from 2008 until his death in 2014. He replaced William Cox.

Underwood was born in the United Kingdom. He moved to Australia in 1950 at the age of 13. He served in the Royal Australian Navy and graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1960.

Underwood had a tumour removed from his kidney in early June 2014. However, he had a setback after coming back to office. He died from kidney cancer on 7 July 2014 in Hobart. He was 76.

References

Other websites
 Peter Underwood at the Supreme Court of Tasmania

Category:1937 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Australian judges
Category:Australian lawyers
Category:Cancer deaths in Australia
Category:Deaths from kidney cancer
Category:Governors of Tasmania

Peter Underwood


American English or United States English is the dialect of the English language spoken in the United States of America.  It is different in some ways from other types of English, such as British English.  Many types of American English came from local dialects in England.

Many people today know about American English even if they live in a country where another sort of English is spoken. This may be because people hear and read American English through the media, for example movies, television, and the Internet, where the most common form of English is American English.

Because people all over the world use the English language, it gets many new words.  English has been changing in this way for hundreds of years.  For example, the many millions who speak Indian English frequently add American English words to go along with its British English base and many other words from the various Indian languages.

Sometimes people learn American English as it is spoken in America. For example, in telephone call centers in India and other places, people often learn American English to sound more like their customers who call from America. These people often keep using American English in everyday life.

The meaning of many words are different in American English. Most changes in a language start with small things. For example, Italian, Spanish, and French all came from Latin.

Spelling
There are many words that sound the same in both American English and British English, but are spelled differently.  For example:

Words originally from French that end in "-our" in British English (behaviour, colour, honour, neighbour, etc.) end in "-or" in American English (behavior, color, honor, neighbor).
Words that come from French that end in -re in British English (metre, centre) end in -er in American English. In these cases Canadian English usage is to keep the British (and French) spelling.
Verbs that end in -ise in British English (criticise, realise) end in -ize in American English (criticize, organize, realize). However, the -ize ending is optional in British English, and is shown as an option in British dictionaries.
One of the changes introduced by Noah Webster is the change of the double "l" from words like "travelled" to "traveled".

Books show that many of these differences come from the writings of English-lover Noah Webster, who made the American dictionary following the American War of Independence.

Some more differences in American English:
 aluminium is spelled "aluminum"
 doughnut is sometimes spelled "donut"
 draught is spelled "draft"
 gaol (not common) is spelled "jail"
 plough is spelled "plow"

Vocabulary
There are also some words in American English that are a bit different from British English, e.g.:
 aeroplane is called "airplane"
 ladybird is called "ladybug"
 lift is called "elevator"
 toilet is called "bathroom", "restroom" or "comfort station"
 lorry is called "truck"
 nappies are called "diapers"
 petrol is called "gas" (or "gasoline")
 the boot of a car is called a "trunk"
 a dummy is called a "pacifier"
 trousers are called "pants"
 underground is called "subway"
 football is called "soccer"
 braces are "suspenders" ("suspenders" in British-English are a type of clothing worn around the lower leg by males to stop socks/sox from sagging, and around the upper leg by women wearing stockings)

Regional accents
General American English is the kind most spoken in mass media. It more vigorously pronounces the letter "R" than some other kinds do. "R-dropping" is frequent in certain places where "r" sound is not pronounced after a vowel. For example as in the words "car" and "card" sounding like "cah" and "cahd". This occurs in the Boston area.

Category:Dialects of English
Category:Languages of the United States

American English


The family Hydrogenothemaceae are bacteria that live in environments not good for humans. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, thermal ocean vents. They are the only bacteria that live there (things like the Archaea are not bacteria).

category:Aquificae

Hydrogenothermaceae


Gargas is a commune of 196 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

Category:Communes in Vaucluse

Gargas, Vaucluse


Eugene (Gene) Jules Colan (September 1, 1926 — June 23, 2011) was an American comic book artist. He worked for the comic book publishers DC and Marvel for over 60 years. He drew comics for Batman, Wonder Woman, Iron Man, Captain America and Daredevil. He was well known for his artwork on the Tomb of Dracula where he was able to create atmosphere through the use of shadows.

He was born in the Bronx, New York in 1926. His parents were Jewish migrants from Germany who had changed their name from Cohen. Colan served in the US Air Force in the Philippines during World War II. His first comics were called Army Life and were published in the Manila Times. In 2010 he won an Eisner Award for a Captain America story.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:American comics artists
Category:People from the Bronx

Gene Colan


Hamilton is a rural-suburban town in the eastern central portion of Essex County in eastern Massachusetts, United States.  At the 2010 census, it had a population of 7,764.

References

Category:Towns in Massachusetts

Hamilton, Massachusetts


"It Was a Good Day" is a 1993 single by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released from the album The Predator. "It Was a Good Day" peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100. The song also peaked at number twenty-seven on the UK Singles Chart.

Track listing
UK single
 "It Was a Good Day" (radio edit)
 "It Was a Good Day" (instrumental)

References

Category:1993 songs

It Was a Good Day


Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, (13 March 1753 – 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and of Maria Teresa d'Este. At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, prince de Lamballe, she became the wealthiest heiress in France. She married the future Philippe Égalité, and was the mother of France's last king, Louis Philippe I.  She was a princess of the blood by her marriage.

Background

Marie-Adélaïde was born on 13 March 1753 at the Hôtel de Toulouse in Paris. Styled Mademoiselle d'Ivoy initially and, as a young girl, until her marriage, Mademoiselle de Penthièvre (derived from the duchy inherited by her father). The style of Mademoiselle de Penthièvre had been previoulsy borne by her sister Marie Louise de Bourbon (1751–1753) who died six months after Marie Adélaïde's birth. She was raised in a convent, the Abbaye de Montmartre, overlooking Paris.

Marriage

At the death, on 8 May 1768, of her brother and only sibling, the Prince of Lamballe, Marie Adélaïde became heiress to what was to become the largest fortune of France. Her marriage to Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres, son of the Duke of Orléans, had been envisaged earlier and, while the Duke of Penthièvre saw in it the opportunity for his daughter to marry into the family of the First Prince of the Blood, the Orléans did not want a union with an illegitimate branch of the royal family. However, the Orléans' mind changed when the Prince of Lamballe's death left his sister sole heiress to the family fortune. Although Marie Adélaîde was much in love with her Orléans cousin, Louis XV warned Penthièvre against such a marriage because of the reputation of the young Duke of Chartres as a womaniser.

Her marriage to the Duke of Chartres took place at the Palace of Versailles on 5 April 1769.

During the first few months of their marriage, the couple appeared devoted to each other, but the duke went back to the life of libertinage he had led before his marriage. It is during the summer of 1772, a few months after his wife had given birth to a stillborn daughter, that began Philippe's secret liaison with one of her ladies-in-waiting, Madame de Genlis, the niece of Madame de Montesson, the morganatic wife of Philippe's father. Passionate at first, the liaison cooled within a few months and, by the spring of 1773, was reported to be "dead". After the romantic affair was over, Félicité remained in the service of Marie Adélaïde at the Palais-Royal, a trusted friend to both Marie Adélaïde and Philippe. They both appreciated her intelligence and, in July 1779, she became the governess of the couple's twin daughters born in 1777.

Revolution

On 5 April 1791, Marie Adélaïde left her unfaithful husband and went to live with her father at the château de Bizy in Normandy. In September 1792, having sided with the Revolution, the Duke of Orléans was elected to the National Convention under the name of Philippe Égalité. Siding with the radical group called The Mountain (La Montagne), he was from the very beginning suspect in the eyes of the Girondists (Girondins), who wanted all the Bourbons to be banished from France.  The fate of the Orléans family was sealed when Marie-Adélaïde's eldest son, the duc de Chartres, "Général Égalité" in the Army of the North commanded by Charles François Dumouriez, sought political asylum from the Austrians in March 1793. On 6 April, all the members of the Orléans family still remaining in France were arrested.

After their arrest in Paris, Philippe Égalité and his son, the comte de Beaujolais, were imprisoned in the Abbey prison (prison de l'Abbaye) in Paris. Later, the two were transferred to the prison of Fort Saint-Jean in Marseille, where they were soon joined by the duc de Montpensier who had been arrested while serving as an officer in the Army of the Alps. The day before his father and brothers were arrested in France, the duc de Chartres rushed to Tournai, near the French border, where his sister Adélaïde and Mme de Genlis had been living since Philippe Égalité had made them emigrate in November 1792.

Upon the execution of her husband, Marie-Adélaïde, now known as "Veuve Égalité" (Widow Égalité), was incarcerated at the Luxembourg Palace, which had been transformed into a prison during the Revolution. There she met the man who was to become the "love of her life", a former member of the National Convention named Jacques-Marie Rouzet. The two always remained together and lived in Paris until 1797, when a decree banished the remaining members of the House of Bourbon from France.

Marie Adélaïde was exiled to Spain, as was her sister-in-law Bathilde d'Orléans. Rouzet accompanied them to the Spanish border and managed to secretly join them in Barcelona where he became her chancellor.

Marie Adélaïde, Rouzet and the Orléans exiled in Spain returned to France in 1814 at the time of the first Bourbon Restoration. After legal battles which lasted until her death, the bulk of her inheritance was eventually recovered. She died in her castle at Ivry-sur-Seine having suffered from breast cancer. She also was buried at the "Chapelle royale de Dreux".

Name

Sometimes the princess is incorrectly named Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre which is incorrect. This is false (see her own signature above).

Issue

A daughter (10 October 1771) died at birth.
Louis Philippe I, (1773–1850) had issue.
Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, (1775–1807) died unmarried.
Françoise d'Orléans (1777–1782) died in infancy.
Adélaïde d'Orléans (1777–1847) died unmarried.
Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais (1779–1808) died unmarried.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

13 March 1753 – 25 September 1753 Her Serene Highness Mademoiselle d'Ivoy
25 September 1753 – 5 April 1769 Her Serene Highness Mademoiselle de Penthièvre
5 April 1769 – 18 November 1785 Her Serene Highness The Duchess of Chartres
18 November 1785 – 6 November 1793 Her Serene Highness The Duchess of Orléans
6 November 1793 – 27 June 1821 Her Serene Highness The Dowager Duchess of Orléans

Other websites

Category:1753 births
Category:1822 deaths
Category:Cancer deaths in France
Category:Deaths from breast cancer
Category:Dukes and Duchesses of Chartres
Category:Dukes and Duchesses of Montpensier
Category:Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans
Category:Dukes and Duchesses of Valois
Category:House of Bourbon
Category:House of Orléans
Category:People from Paris

Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans


A drive-in is a place (such as a restaurant or movie theater) where customers drive in with a car for service.

At a drive-in restaurant waiters are called carhops. They take food orders from drivers in their parked cars then return with the food. Drive-in theaters have a large screen and a car parking area.

Category:Restaurants

Drive-in


Sully is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Category:Communes in Calvados

Sully, Calvados


The Gobi (; ,Govi , "semidesert"; ) is in Mongolia and China. It is the largest desert in Asia, and the fifth large st in the world.

The Gobi is a rain shadow desert, caused by the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas shielding it from rain.

The desert basins of the Gobi are bounded by the
Altai Mountains and the grasslands and steppes of Mongolia on the north, by the Hexi Corridor and Tibetan Plateau to the southwest, and by the North China Plain to the southeast. The Gobi is made up of several pieces of geological and geographic regions.

Climate

The Gobi is a high plateau with daily and seasonal extremes of temperature.

References
 Owen Lattimore. (1973) "Return to China's Northern Frontier." The Geographical Journal, Vol. 139, No. 2 (Jun., 1973), pp. 233–242.

Further reading

 Cable, Mildred and French, Francesca (1943) The Gobi Desert London. Landsborough Publications, OCLC 411792
 Man, John (1997) Gobi: Tracking the Desert Yale University Press, New Haven,
 Stewart, Stanley (2001) In the Empire of Genghis Khan: A Journey among Nomads Harper Collins Publishers, London, .
 Thay'er, Helen (2007) Walking the Gobi: 1,600 Mile-trek Across a Desert of Hope and Despair Mountaineer Books, Seattle, WA,
 Young husband, Francis (1904) The Heart of a Continent John Murray

Category:Deserts of Asia

Gobi Desert