1977 (MCMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events

 January 3 – Apple Computer is incorporated
February 18 – 2000 AD, a British comic, is first published
 March 10 – The rings of Uranus are discovered
 April 22 – Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic
 May 25 – George Lucas' Star Wars opens in movie theaters
June – Hot Press, an Irish music magazine debuts
 June 27 – Djibouti receives its independence from France
July 13 – The New York City blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours
 August 7 – Mount Usu volcano in Japan erupts
 September 11 – Atari, Inc. releases its Video Computer System in North America
 October 18 – Reggie Jackson hits 3 home runs to lead the New York Yankees to a World Series victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers
November – Blue Öyster Cult release their album Spectres
November 13 – Shirley Jones and Marty Ingels marry
 December 20 – Djibouti and Vietnam join the United Nations

Births

January 8 – Amber Benson, American actress (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
January 13 – Orlando Bloom, English actor (The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, Troy)
January 28 – Daunte Culpepper, NFL quarterback
February 2 – Shakira, Colombian musician
February 3 – Daddy Yankee, Puerto Rican singer
February 14 – Cadel Evans, first Australian Tour de France winner
March 2 – Chris Martin, English singer (Coldplay)
March 8 – James Van Der Beek, American actor
April 9 – Gerard Way, American singer (My Chemical Romance)
April 14 – Sarah Michelle Gellar American actress (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
April 23 – John Cena, American professional wrestler, hip hop musician and actor
May 8 – Bad News Brown, Canadian musician (d. 2011)
May 19 – Natalia Oreiro, Uruguayan singer
May 22 – djBJoRN, Canadian/Swedish DJ and producer
June 10 – Schapelle Corby, Australian criminal
July 1 – Naofumi Yamamoto,  Japanese professional wrestler
July 8 – Milo Ventimiglia, American actor
July 14 – Princess Victoria of Sweden, heiress apparent of Sweden
July 17 – M.I.A., English musician
August 3 – Oscar Pereiro, Spanish cyclist
August 4 – Yūko Kohara, Japanese manga artist
August 17 – William Gallas, French footballer
August 17 – Thierry Henry, French footballer
August 24 – Robert Enke, German footballer
August 31 – Jeff Hardy, American wrestler
September 15 – Angela Aki, Japanese singer
September 20 – Namie Amuro, Japanese singer
September 26 – Hugo de Jonge, Dutch politician
November 10 – Brittany Murphy, American actress
November 16 – Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
December 1 – Melinda Doolittle, American singer
December 3 – Adam Małysz, Polish ski jumper
December 7 – Dominic Howard, English musician (Muse)

Deaths

January 14 – Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1897)
February 9 – Queen Alia, Queen of Jordan (b. 1948)
March 4 – Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German politician (b. 1887)
 April 5 – Carlos Prío Socarrás, President of Cuba (suicide) (b. 1903)
May 5 – Ludwig Erhard, German politician (b. 1897)
 June 16 – Wernher von Braun, German-born American rocket scientist (b. 1912)
July 2 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (b. 1899)
August 16 – Elvis Presley, American singer (b. 1935)
August 19 – Groucho Marx, American actor (b. 1890)
 September 18 – Paul Bernays, Swiss mathematician (b. 1888)
October 14 – Bing Crosby, American actor and singer (b. 1903)
October 18 – Andreas Baader, German terrorist (b. 1943)
November 14 – A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian religion leader (b. 1896)
December 5 - Katherine Milhous, American illustrator and children's book author (b. 1894)
December 10 – Adolph Rupp, American basketball coach (b. 1901)
December 25 – Charlie Chaplin, English actor (b. 1889)
Ali Shariati, Iranian writer and philosopher (b. 1933)

Nobel Prizes
 Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, and John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
 Nobel Prize in Chemistry won by Ilya Prigogine, Belgian physical chemist
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Roger Guillemin, Andrew Schally, and Rosalyn Yalow for their work on neurohormones
 Nobel Prize in Literature won by Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish poet
 Nobel Peace Prize won by Amnesty International, a group focused on human rights
 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences – Bertil Ohlin, a Swedish economist and politician, and James Meade, a British economist

Movies released

Annie Hall, winner of 4 Academy Awards
Candleshoe, starring David Niven, Helen Hayes, and Jodie Foster
Close Encounters of the Third Kind, directed by Steven Spielberg
The Gauntlet
The Deep, directed by Peter Yates
The Goodbye Girl, winning Academy Award for Best Actor for Richard Dreyfuss
Saturday Night Fever, starring John Travolta and Karen Lynn Gorney
Smokey and the Bandit
The Spy Who Loved Me, the tenth James Bond movie
Star Wars

Hit songs

"Alison" – Elvis Costello
"American Girl" – Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
"Amoureuse de la vie" – Dalida
"Angel In Your Arms" – Hot
"Another Star" – Stevie Wonder
"April Sun In Cuba" – Dragon
"As" – Stevie Wonder
"Baby What A Big Surprise" – Chicago
"Barracuda" – Heart
"Black Betty" – Ram Jam
"Blue Bayou" – Linda Ronstadt
"Boogie Nights" – Heatwave
"California" – Manfred Mann's Earth Band
"Calling Occupants Of Interplanetary Craft" – The Carpenters
"Captain Sky" – Dalida
"Carry On Wayward Son" – Kansas
"Cold As Ice" – Foreigner
"Come Sail Away" – Styx
"Complete Control" – The Clash
"Coyote" – Joni Mitchell
"Dancing In The Moonlight(It's Caught Me In The Spotlight)" – Thin Lizzy
"Dancing The Night Away" – The Motors
"Daytime Friends" – Kenny Rogers
"Disco Inferno" – The Trammps
"Do Anything You Wanna Do" – Eddie and the Hotrods
"Don't Believe A Word" – Thin Lizzy
"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue" – Crystal Gayle
"Don't Stop" – Fleetwood Mac
"Down To Zero" – Joan Armatrading
"Dr Love" – Tina Charles
"Dreamboat Annie" – Heart
"Fanfare For The Common Man" – Emerson Lake and Palmer
"Father Christmas" – The Kinks
"Feels Like The First Time" – Foreigner
"Femme est la Nuit" – Dalida
"Fly Like An Eagle" – Steve Miller Band
"(Get A)Grip(On Yourself)" – The Stranglers
"Give A Little Bit" – Supertramp
"Go Your Own Way" – Fleetwood Mac
"God Save The Queen" – The Sex Pistols
"Heard It In A Love Song" – Marshall Tucker
"Heartsong" – Gordon Giltrap
"Hello Stranger" – Yvonne Elliman
"Help Is On It's Way" – Little River Band
"Here Come Those Tears Again" – Jackson Browne
"Heroes" – David Bowie
"Holidays In The Sun" – The Sex Pistols
"I Need A Man" – Grace Jones
"I'll Sleep When I'm Dead" – Warren Zevon
"I'm In You" – Peter Frampton
"In The Flesh" – Blondie
"Jamming/Punky Reggae Party" – Bob Marley and the Wailers
"Jet Airliner" – Steve Miller Band
"Jungle Love" – Steve Miller Band
"Killing of Georgie, Pt. 1-2" – Rod Stewart
"Let There Be Rock" – AC/DC
"Lido Shuffle" – Boz Scaggs
"Life In The Fast Lane" – The Eagles
"Like A Huricane" – Neil Young
"Livin' Thing" – Electric Light Orchestra
"Living Next Door To Alice" – Smokie
"Lonely Boy" – Andrew Gold
"Love Is The Answer" – Utopia
"Ma Baker" – Boney M
"Magazine Madonna – Sherbet
"Mannequin" – Wire
"Margaritaville" – Jimmy Buffett
"Maybe I'm Amazed" (live) – Paul McCartney & Wings
"Memory Motel" – The Rolling Stones
"More Than A Feeling" – Boston
"Motorhead" – Motorhead
"No More Heroes" – The Stranglers
"Nobody Does It Better" – Carly Simon
"Peaches/Go Buddy Go" – The Stranglers
"Pearl's A Singer" – Elkie Brooks
"Portsmouth" – Mike Oldfield
"The Pretender" – Jackson Browne
"Pretty Vacant" – The Sex Pistols
"Really Free" – John Otway and Wild Willy Barrett
"Remember... C'était loin" – Dalida & Richard Chanfray as St-Germain
"Rip To Her Shreds" – Blondie
"Rockaria" – Electric Light Orchestra
"Rockin' All Over The World" – Status Quo
"Rose Of Cimarron(EP)" – Poco
"Salma Ya Salama" – Dalida
"Save It For A Rainy Day" – Stephen Bishop
"Sex And Drugs And Rock And Roll" – Ian Dury
"She's Not There" – Santana
"Sheena Is A Punk Rocker" – The Ramones
"Smoke On The Water" – Deep Purple
"Solsbury Hill" – Peter Gabriel
"Something Better Change/Straighten Out" – The Stranglers
"Sound And Vision" – David Bowie
"Things We Do For Love" – 10cc
"This Is Tomorrow" – Bryan Ferry
"Ti Amo (Je t'aime)" – Dalida
"Tie Your Mother Down" – Queen
"2-4-6-8 Motorway" – Tom Robinson Band
"Tumbling Dice" – Linda Ronstadt
"Walk This Way" – Aerosmith
"Watching The Detectives" – Elvis Costello
"We Are The Champions" – Queen
"We Will Rock You" – Queen
"We Just Disagree" – Dave Mason
"White Riot" – The Clash
"Whole Wide World" – Wreckless Eric
"Wild Side Of Life" – Status Quo
"Wonderous Stories" – Yes
"Year Of The Cat" – Al Stewart
"You And Me" – Alice Cooper
"You Yesyesyes" – The Residents
"You're In My Heart" – Rod Stewart
"You're Moving Out Today" – Carole Bayer Sager
"(Your Love Has Lifted Me) Higher And Higher" – Rita Coolidge
"Your Song" – Billy Paul

New books

The Amityville Horror – Jay Anson
Beggarman, Thief – Irwin Shaw
Bloodline – Sidney Sheldon
A Bonus – Elizabeth Smart
The Chancellor Manuscript – Robert Ludlum
Child of the Morning – Pauline Gedge
The Complete Book of Running – Jim Fixx
Daniel Martin – John Fowles
Dreams Die First – Harold Robbins
The Honourable Schoolboy – John le Carré
How to Save Your Own Life – Erica Jong
Illusions – Richard Bach
James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me – Christopher Wood
Oliver's Story – Erich Segal
The Plague Dogs – Richard Adams
Rage – Richard Bachman
Refiner's Fire – Mark Helprin
A Scanner Darkly – Philip K. Dick
The Sea, The Sea – Iris Murdoch
The Shining – Stephen King
The Silmarillion – J. R. R. Tolkien
The Slave Girl – Buchi Emecheta
Song of Solomon – Toni Morrison
Terms of Endearment – Larry McMurtry
The Thorn Birds – Colleen McCullough
The True American, A Folk Fable – Melvin Van Peebles
The Wars – Timothy Findley
Rocky Marciano. Biography of A First Son – Everett M. Skehan

1977


is a famous opera house in Venice, Italy. People often call it simply . Its name comes from the Italian word Fenice, meaning Phoenix. The Phoenix is a mythical bird. It dies in fire and is born again from the ashes.

History
An older opera house in Venice called the  burnt down in 1774. It was the main opera house in Venice. Some noblemen built it again, but the Venier, a famous family in Venice, made them sell the new theatre to them. So, the noblemen built a new opera house in 1792. They called it Teatro La Fenice. The first opera performed there was Giovanni Paisiello's  (The Games of Agrigento).

La Fenice burnt down in 1836.  It was built again in 1837. On 29 January 1996, La Fenice burnt down again. It was set on fire by two men working on the building. They were sent to prison for arson.  La Fenice was built again in 2003 in the style of the old one. The architect, Aldo Rossi, used pictures and movies of the old La Fenice to plan the new one.

Five of Giuseppe Verdi's operas had their first performance at Teatro La Fenice:
 (1844)
 (1846)
 (1851)
 (1853)
 (1857)

References

Beauvert, Thierry (1996). Opera Houses of the World. The Vendome Press.

Other websites

Official website

Category:Opera houses in Italy
Category:Buildings and structures in Italy
Category:Venice
Category:1792 establishments
Category:18th century establishments in Italy
Category:1790s establishments in Europe

Teatro La Fenice


Hallstavik is a locality in Norrtälje Municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,476 people lived there. The locality is known for its paper-factory and the Rospiggarna speedway team .

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Stockholm County

Hallstavik


Wassigny is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Related pages
 Communes of the Aisne department

References
 INSEE commune file

Category:Communes in Aisne

Wassigny


Seven Sisters Road is a road in north London, England. The road runs within the boroughs of Islington, Hackney and Haringey. It is an extension of Camden Road, and runs from Holloway Road (the A1 road) at the Nags Head crossroads then on to another crossroads with Blackstock Road and Stroud Green Road. It carries on uphill alongside Finsbury Park to Manor House, and from there downhill to the junction with Tottenham High Road (the A10 road) at Seven Sisters Corner. The road was authorised in 1829 and constructed in 1833 by the Metropolitan Turnpike Trust. Seven Sisters Road is part of the A503. The stretch running past Finsbury Park is open to the park on the west side, and on the east side are large Victorian villas now used mainly as hotels.

References

Category:Roads in London

Seven Sisters Road


Daniel Batman (20 March 1981 – 26 June 2012) was an Australian sprinter. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He was the Australian national men's 200-metres champion in 2005 and 2008. His best international achievement was a sixth place at the 2003 World Indoor Championships.

Batman was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He claimed to be a descendant of John Batman, the founder of Melbourne. He married fellow Australian Olympian Nova Peris in 2002. The couple had two children, and split in 2010. His third child was born in 2011.

On 26 June 2012, Batman was killed in a car crash in Marrakai, southeast of Darwin, Northern Territory. He was 31.

References

Other websites
Daniel Batman at Sports-Reference.com

Category:1981 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Accidental deaths in Australia
Category:Australian athletes
Category:Australian Olympians
Category:Road accident deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Melbourne

Daniel Batman


The Arab world (; pronounced: al-`alam al-`arabi) are the Arabic language-speaking countries stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. It consists of 24 countries and territories with a combined population of some 325 million people spanning at least 2 billion acres across two continents.

Category:Africa
Category:Middle East

Arab world


Baker Mayfield is an American football player for the NFL. He selected 1st overall by the Cleveland Browns. He played college football at Oklahoma University. He won the Heisman trophy, which is a award for the most outstanding college football player in the nation. He broke a record for most td passes by a rookie.

Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cleveland Browns players
Category:Heisman Trophy winners

Baker Mayfield


Pleine-Selve, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.

Category:Communes in Gironde

Pleine-Selve, Gironde


Alex Nibourette (born December 26, 1983) is a Seychellois football player. He plays for Saint Michel United Football Club and Seychelles national football team.

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Seychellois people
Category:African footballers

Alex Nibourette


Labiodental consonants are labial consonants made with the bottom lip and the top teeth, like the English letters f as in file and v as in vile.

Category:Pronunciation

Labiodental consonant


Ochre or Ocher is a golden-yellow or light yellowish brown colour.  The word is from the Greek ochros, meaning "yellow".  Ochre is natural earth pigment containing hydrated iron oxide.

Meaning of ochre

The use of ochre is particularly intensive: it is not unusual to find a layer of the cave floor impregnated with a purplish red to a depth of eight inches. The size of these ochre deposits raises a problem not yet solved. The colouring is so intense that practically all the loose ground seems to consist of ochre. One can imagine that the Aurignacians regularly painted their bodies red, dyed their animal skins, coated their weapons, and sprinkled the ground of their dwellings, and that a paste of ochre was used for decorative purposes in every phase of their domestic life. We must assume no less, if we are to account for the veritable mines of ochre on which some of them lived.

Tones of ochre colour comparison chart

 Banana Yellow (Yellow Ochre) (Human Feces) (Hex: #CCCC33) (RGB: 204, 204, 51)

 Ochre (Hex: #CC7722) (RGB: 204, 119, 34)

Category:Colors
Category:Pigments

Ochre


Le Grez is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.

Category:Communes in Sarthe

Le Grez


Francesco Janich (27 March 1937 – 2 December 2019) was an Italian football player. He played for Italy national team from 1962 to 1966.

Death
Janich died on 2 December 2019 in Rome at the age of 82.

Club career statistics

|-
|1956-57||rowspan="2"|Atalanta||rowspan="2"|Serie A||6||0
|-
|1957-58||32||0
|-
|1958-59||rowspan="3"|Lazio||rowspan="3"|Serie A||32||0
|-
|1959-60||33||0
|-
|1960-61||28||0
|-
|1961-62||rowspan="11"|Bologna||rowspan="11"|Serie A||33||0
|-
|1962-63||32||0
|-
|1963-64||34||0
|-
|1964-65||29||0
|-
|1965-66||34||0
|-
|1966-67||31||0
|-
|1967-68||25||0
|-
|1968-69||18||0
|-
|1969-70||21||0
|-
|1970-71||16||0
|-
|1971-72||21||0
|-
|1972-73||Lucchese-Libertas||Serie C||23||0
448||0
448||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1962||3||0
|-
|1963||0||0
|-
|1964||1||0
|-
|1965||0||0
|-
|1966||2||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}

References

Other websites
  Profile at enciclopediadelcalcio.it
  Profile at FIGC

Category:1937 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Italian footballers

Francesco Janich


Noto is a font group from Google. They are made to be used in as many different languages as possible. The font has a SIL Open Font License, which means that anyone is free to use the font. Noto fonts in total have more than 60,000 characters.

It also has emojis in this font group. These emojis are used by a lot of Google services.

References

Category:Fonts

Noto (font)


20Q is a game where somebody thinks of an object and the goal is to figure out what it is in 20 questions or fewer.  It is available as a handheld game, a website, and a game show.  It usually starts out by asking whether the object is an "animal, vegetable, mineral, or other".

Other websites
20Q website

Category:Games

Twenty Questions


Ipswich is a large city in Queensland, Australia. It is about 40 minutes drive west of the state capital, Brisbane. It has a population of about 155,000 people. Ipswich is the oldest provincial city it Queensland, and has more than 6000 heritage listed houses, shops, public buildings and historic sites. It is also the site of the Amberley Air Base, the Royal Australian Air Force's largest operating base.

References

Category:Cities in Queensland

Ipswich, Queensland


Langrickenbach is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Category:Municipalities of Thurgau

Langrickenbach


An apito is a whistle used in samba music to mean that one person stops playing music and that another person starts playing.

Category:Musical instruments

Apito


Hillsboro is a city in Ohio, United States. It is the county seat of Highland County. 6,605 people lived in Hillsboro, according to information from the 2010 census.

The plan of Hillsboro was mapped in 1807, and most likely named for the hills near the original town site.

Category:Cities in Ohio
Category:County seats in Ohio

Hillsboro, Ohio


A Feast for Crows is the fourth of seven planned books in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series written by George R. R. Martin. The book was first released on 17 October 2005 in the United Kingdom, and in the United States on 8 November 2005.

Like A Storm of Swords, A Feast for Crows was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel,  and was also the first book in the series to get to the top of the New York Times bestseller list.

Translations
 Bulgarian: Bard (2006): "".
 Croatian: Algoritam (2006): "".
 Catalan: (2012) "".
 Dutch: Luitingh (2006): "".
 Finnish: "" (2007).
 French: Hardcover: Pygmalion (2006-...): "", "", "".
 German: Single volume, Fantasy Productions (2006): "" (to be released). Two volumes, Blanvalet (2006): "", "".
 Hungarian: Alexandra (2007): "".
 Italian: "" (Volume 1, 2006), "" (Volume 2, 2007).
 Polish: "".
 Russian: "".
 Serbian: Laguna (2006): "".
 Spanish: Gigamesh (2007): "".

Awards
 Hugo Award – Best Novel (nominated) – (2006)
 British Fantasy Award – Best Novel (nominated) – (2006)
 Quill Award – Best Novel (Science Fiction & Fantasy) (nominated) – (2006)

Category:A Song of Ice and Fire
Category:2005 books
Category:21st century American novels
Category:Fantasy books

A Feast for Crows


Frankie Randall (born Franklin Joseph "Frank" Lisbona; January 11, 1938 – December 28, 2014) was an American singer, dancer, songwriter, vocalist, actor, and comedian. He was known for appearing on The Dean Martin Summer Show and Day of the Wolves.

Randall died of lung cancer in Palm Springs, California, aged 76.

Category:1938 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Actors from New Jersey
Category:American dancers
Category:American singer-songwriters
Category:American television actors
Category:Cancer deaths in California
Category:Comedians from New Jersey
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:People from Passaic, New Jersey
Category:Singers from New Jersey
Category:Writers from New Jersey

Frankie Randall (singer)


The Illuminatus! Trilogy is a series of three novels written by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson between 1969 and 1971, and first published in 1975. The trilogy is a satirical, postmodern, science fiction story.

References

Category:Series of books
Category:Science fiction books

The Illuminatus! Trilogy


Derby Tramway was tram system that serverd the city of Derby (then a town), England. It opened on 27 July 1904. It was closed nearly 30 years later, on the 29 June 1934.

Preserved trams
Tramcar n°1 is the only Derby tramcar preserved and is located at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire. This tram was used for crew training prior to the opening of the system.

Category:Tram transport in the United Kingdom
Category:Derby
Category:1904 establishments in England
Category:1934 disestablishments in Europe
Category:1930s disestablishments in England

Derby Tramways


Suhayl ibn Amr was originally an idolater in Mecca.  He was involved in Hudaibiyah Agreement .  Suhayl converted to Islam after the Muslim army led by Khalid bin al-Walid succeeded in the conquest of Mecca.  He has also been involved in Yarmuk War against Rome.

Category:Converts to Islam
Category:Sahaba
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations

Suhayl ibn Amr


Berken is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Category:Municipalities of Bern

Berken


Hickory County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. Its county seat is Hermitage. As of 2010, 9,627 people live in Hickory County.

Category:1845 establishments in Missouri
Category:Missouri counties

Hickory County, Missouri


James Walker (1973 – 20 January 2015) was an Australian journalist and television writer, editor, and researcher. He was best known for his work television series McLeod's Daughters, Home and Away, Wonderland, Sam Fox, and Neighbours.

Walker was born in Perth, Western Australia. He graduated from the Australian Film, Television and Radio School in Sydney, New South Wales. He was married and had two sons.

Walker died after falling into a diabetic coma on 20 January 2015, aged 41. His funeral took place on 24 January.

References

Other websites

Category:1973 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Deaths from diabetes
Category:Disease-related deaths in Australia
Category:Australian journalists
Category:Australian screenwriters
Category:People from Perth, Western Australia

James Walker (writer)


Fair use is the idea that it should be okay for a person to reuse something that another person has created, in certain amounts and for certain purposes, without breaking the law.

In most countries, art and other made-up things, like stories, books, TV shows, and pictures, are owned by the person that first made them. This person can let someone else own the things they make, sometimes for money. The person that owns these things has a copyright for them, which means that person can decide who can copy their work. If someone else copies that work without asking the owner first, that person is breaking the law. The owner can take the person to court and try to get money from them because of what they did.

Since a lot of creative work is popular, people want to talk about them, and they may want to talk about them on TV or in a book. This might mean that they want to use a little bit of it when they talk about it. The idea of "fair use" was added to most copyright laws to make sure that it would be OK do to this, as long as only a little bit of someone's work is used.

Since a lot of creative work is now on computers and on the Internet, it is very easy to copy things and send them to lots of people. To make sure that people cannot always do this, there are computer programs that try to stop people from copying other people's work (known as digital rights management). One problem with these programs is that they also mean that you cannot copy even a small part of someone's work, so you cannot do "fair use" without cheating the program. In some countries, cheating those software programs is also breaking the law.

Category:Copyright
Category:Intellectual property law

Fair use


An icon , from the Greek word for image, is a picture of something holy or divine. Icons in this sense are in use mainly in Eastern Christianity. Look in the article Icon for this meaning.

Iconography is the study of all types of images, such as their history and meaning. This is mostly used in art history. The word can also mean symbolism.

In other use, an icon is a Pictogram for an object, facility, control, political party, government, or something like this. See Icon (secular).

Icon may also mean:
 Icon (magazine), a British magazine about building architecture and design
 Icon (album), a music album by John Wetton and Geoff Downes
 Icon (Paradise Lost album), a music album by British band Paradise Lost.
 Icon (novel), a book by Frederick Forsyth
 Icon (film), a film based on the book by Frederick Forsyth
 Icon (comics), a comic book and its title character published by Milestone Media
 ICON (journal), an annual journal of the International Society for the History of Technology (ICHOTEC)
 Icons (TV series), a television documentary on TV channel G4
 "Icon" (Stargate SG-1), an episode of Stargate SG-1
 Cultural icon, something which is emblematic of a given culture

In computing:

 Computer icon, a pictogram used in the interface to represent a program, file, user, or other things.
 Icon-based game, a game that uses many icons
 Icon programming language, a programming language
 Unisys ICON, a computer developed for the Ontario school system.

Other uses:
 Icon Productions, Mel Gibson's film production company.
 ICON convention, the name of several annual science fiction conventions
 iCon Steve Jobs, a biography of Apple Computer founder and CEO Steve Jobs
 Iconicity, a concept in linguistics
 DAAS Icon, a music album by the Doug Anthony All Stars
 Dungeons & Dragons iconic characters, Dungeons & Dragons characters representing different types in the game

Icon (disambiguation)


Wáray-Wáray or Warai (commonly spelled as Waray; also Winaray or Lineyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Leyte, and Biliran in the Philippines.

The Waraynon group of languages consists of Waray, Waray Sorsogon and Masbate Sorsogon. All the Warayan languages belong to the Visayan language family and are related to Cebuano and more closely to Hiligaynon and Masbatenyo.

Usage
Waray-Waray is one of the ten officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines and used in the local government. It is spoken throughout the islands especially in the Eastern Visayas region. But it is also spoken in some parts of Mindanao, Masbate, Sorsogon and Metro Manila where Warays went to. There is also a very small number of Filipinos abroad, especially in the United States, that speaks this language.

Sounds
The Waray language has sixteen consonants: . There are three main vowels: a , i , and u . Consonants  and  were once allophone but cannot interchange, like palaron (to be lucky) [from palad, palm (because someone's luck is seen in the palm)] but not paladon and tagadiín (from where) [from diín, where] but not tagariín.

Numbers
Native numbers are used for numbers one through ten. From eleven onwards, Spanish numbers are exclusively used in Waray today, their native counterparts being almost unheard of by the majority of native speakers numbers (except for gatus for hundred and yukot for thousand). Some, specially the old ones, are spoken alongside the Spanish counterparts.

Some common words and phrases
Below are examples of the Waray spoken in Metropolitan Tacloban and the nearby areas:
 Can you understand Waray?: Nakakaintindi / Nasabut ka hin Winaray? (hin or hiton)
 Good morning (noon / afternoon / evening): Maupay nga aga (udto / kulop / gab-i)
 Thank you: Salamat
 I love you: Hinihigugma ko ikaw or Ginhihigugma ko ikaw or Pina-ura ta ikaw
 Where are you from? : Taga diin ka? or Taga nga-in ka?
  What is your name? : Ano it imo ngaran?
 Who are you?: Hin-o ka?
 How are you? : Kumusta ka na?
 I'm fine / In God's will: Kalu-oy sa Dyos
 How much is this? : Tag pira ini?
 I like this / that:  Karuyag ko ini / itun
 I can't understand: Diri ako nakakaintindi or Diri ako nakakasabut
 I don't know: Diri ako maaram or Ambot
 What: Ano
 Who: Hin-o
 Where: Hain or Di-in
 When (future): San-o
 When (past): Kakan-o
 Why: Kay-ano
 How: Gin-aano?/Patiunan-o?
 Yes: Oo
 No: Dire or Diri
 There: Adto or Didto or Ngad-to
 Here: Didi or Nganhi or Din-hi
 Up: Igbaw
 Down: Ubos
 Top: Baw-baw
 Bottom: Ilarom or Sirong
 Right: Tu-o
 Left: Wala
 Far: Harayu
 Near: Hirane
 Front or in front: Atubang or Atubangan
 Night: Gab-i
 Day: Adlaw
 Nothing: Waray
 Good: Maupay
 Beautiful: Mahusay
 Handsome: Gwapo
 Boy: Lalaki
 Girl: Babayi
 Gay: Bayot
 Lesbian: Tomboy/Lesbyana
 I'm a friend of...: Sangkay ak ni...
 I'm lost here: Nawawara ak didi.
 Maybe: Bangin
 I wish...: Kunta

Other common words

Technical terms
 Gold - Bulawan
 Steel - puthaw
 Car - awto / sarakyan/ kotchi / sasakyan
 Airplane - edro / eroplano
 Airport - lupadan or  landingan

Astronomical terms
 Earth - kalibutan Moon - bulan; Indonesian - bulan Sun - adlaw Star - bituon Indonesian - bintangNatural terms
 Wind - hangin; Indonesian - angin Fire - kalayo Land - tuna; Indonesian - tanah Water - lawod/tubig Nature - libong Mountain - bukid; Indonesian - bukit Sea - dagat Ocean - kalawdan Indonesian = laut i.e. ka-laut-an
 Island - puro/isla Indonesian - pulau Archipelago - kapuruan; Indonesian - kepulauan River - salog Lake - danaw; Indonesian - danauParts of the house
 House - balay or Payag Room - kwarto or sulod Bedroom - sulod-katurugan Kitchen - kusina Outdoor Kitchen - abuhan Dining Room - kaunan Bathroom - kubeta/kasilyas/karigu-anMembers of the Family
 Father - amay/tatay/papa Mother - iroy/nanay/mama Son/Daughter - anak Brother - bugto nga lalaki
 Sister - bugto nga babayi Grandparent - apoy/lolo (male) / lola (female)
 Cousin - patod Nephew/Niece - umangkon Son-in-Law/Daughter-in-Law - umagad Brother-in-Law/Sister-in-Law - bayaw(male) / hipag (female)
 Father-in-Law/Mother-in-Law - ugangan Oldest Child - suhag Youngest Child - puto or pudoFashion words
 Pants - saruwal Clothes - bado / duros Belt - pahaFood
 Bread - tinapai Rice - kan-on / luto Viand - sura Coffee - kape Vinegar - suoy/sukaAnimals
 Dog - ayam/ iru/ ido Cat - uding/ misai Rat - yatut Crocodile - buaya Bird - tamsi Snake - halas Carabao - karabaw Crab - masag Lobster - tapusokWaray-Waray loanwords and cognates
Common Waray Waray words and its foreign and local origin
Indonesian/Malay Cognates
 Mulay (English: to play)- from Indonesian mulai Balay (English: house) - from Indonesian balai Sarapati (English: pigeon) - from Indonesian merpati Kapuruan (English: archipelago) - from Indonesian/Malay kepulauan Posporo (English: match) - from Indonesian/Malay posporo Mata (English: eyes) - from Indonesian/Malay mata Bulan (English: moon/month) - from Indonesian/Malay bulan Ine (English: this/these) - from Indonesian/Malay ini Kamo (English: you [plural]) - from Indonesian/Malay kamuSpanish
 Abandonada (Spanish: Abandonado/a) – abandoned
 Abaniko (Spanish: Abanico) – fan
 Abriha (Spanish: Abrir, Filipino: Abrihin) – to open
 Abrelata (Spanish: Abrelatas) – tin-opener/can opener
 Abril (Spanish: Abril) – April
 Abogado (Spanish: Abogado) – lawyer, attorney
 Aborido (Spanish: Aburrido) – bored (used in Tagalog as 'anxious, confused')
 Akasya (Spanish: Acacia) – acacia tree
 Aksidente (Spanish: Accidente) – accident
 Adurnuha (Spanish: Adornar, Filipino: Adurnuhan) – to decorate
 Agrabiyado (Spanish: Agraviado) – being aggrieved
 Aginaldo (Spanish: Aguinaldo) – Christmas gift
 Agosto (Spanish: Agosto) – August
 Ahensiya (Spanish: Agencia) – agency
 Ahente (Spanish: Agente) – agent
 Alahas (Spanish: Alhaja) – jewel
 Alambre (Spanish: Alambre) – wire
 Alkansiya (Spanish: Alcancía) – piggy bank
 Alpilir (Spanish: Alfiler) – pin
 Alsaha (Spanish: Alzar, Filipino: Alsahin) – Ambisyoso (Spanish: Ambicioso) – ambitious
 Ambisyon (Spanish: Ambición) – ambitionArbularyo (Spanish: Herbolario) - Medicine man (from "Herbo" -herb)
 Arina (Spanish: Harina) – flour
 Arkitekto (Spanish: Arquitecto) – architect
 Armado (Spanish: Armado) – armed
 Armibal (Spanish: Almíbar) – syrup
 Artista (Spanish: Artista) – artist (used in Waray Waray as 'actor/actress')
 Ariyos (Spanish: Arreos) – tack (used in Waray Waray as 'earrings')
 Asintado (Spanish: Asentado) – settled
 Asero (Spanish: Acero) – steel
 Asno (Spanish: Asno) – donkey
 Asoge (Spanish: Azogue) – mercury
 Asosasyon (Spanish: Asociación) – association
 Asukal (Spanish: Azúcar) – sugar
 Asul (Spanish: Azul) – blue
 Asyatiko (Spanish: Asiatico) – Asian
 Intyendeha (Spanish: Atender) – to attend to
 Atrasado (Spanish: Atrasado) – overdue, slow (clock), backward (used in Waray Waray as 'late')
 Ayudaha (Spanish: Ayudar, Filipino: Ayudahan) – to help
 Banyo/Kasilyas (Spanish: Baño) – bathroom, toilet
 Baraha (Spanish: Baraja) – deck of playing cards
 Baratilyo (Spanish: Baratillo) – flea market (used in Waray Waray as 'bargain sale')
 Barato (Spanish: Barato) – cheap
 Barbero (Spanish: Barbero) – barber
 Barbula (Spanish: Válvula) – valve
 Bareta (Spanish Bareta) – bar
 Bagahe (Spanish: Bagaje) – baggage
 Baho (Spanish : Vaho) – steam (used in Waray Waray as 'foul smell')
 Bintana (Spanish: Ventana) – window
 Bintilador (Spanish: Ventilador) – electric fan
 Birhen (Spanish: Virgen) – virgin
 Bisagra (Spanish: Bisagra) – hinge
 Bisikleta (Spanish: Bicicleta) – bicycle
 Bisitaha (Spanish: Visitar) – to visit
 Botika/Botica/Parmasya/Farmacia - drugstore, pharmacy
 Conbensido (Spanish: Convencido) - convinced
 Demanda (Spanish: Demanda) – demand
 Demokrasiya (Spanish: Democracia) – democracy
 Demonyo (Spanish:Demonio) – demon, evil spirit
 Huygo (Spanish:Juego)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambling'
 Hugador (Spanish:Jugador)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambler'
 Dentista (Spanish: Dentista) – dentist
 Departamento (Spanish: Departamento) – department, bureau
 Depensa (Spanish: Defensa) – defense
 Deposito (Spanish: Depósito) – depot (fuel), deposit (money)
 Desisyon (Spanish: Decisión) – decision

 Diyos/a (Spanish: Dios/a) – god/goddess
 Doble (Spanish: Doble) – double
 Doktor/a (Spanish: Doctor/a) – doctor
 Don (Spanish: Don) – Mr. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich man)
 Donya (Spanish: Doña) – Mrs. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich woman)
 Dos (Spanish: Dos) – two
 Dose (Spanish: Doce) – twelve
 Dosena (Spanish: Docena) – dozen
 Drama (Spanish: Drama) – drama
 Droga (Spanish: Droga) – drugs
 Karsonsilyo/Carsoncillo (Spanish: Carsoncillo) – boxer shorts (used in Waray Waray as 'shorts')
 Marigoso (Spanish: Amargoso) - bittermelon
 Padre (Spanish: Padre) - father (used in Waray Waray as a title for a Roman Catholic priest)

Portuguese
 Porta (Portuguese: Porta) - door
 Multo (Portuguese: Morto) - ghost

Nahuatl
 Achuete (Nahuatl: Achiotl; Mexican Spanish: Achiote) – annatto seeds used to give food a reddish color
 Kakao/Kakaw (Cacao) (Nahuatl: Cacahuatl) – cacao or cocoa
 Sayote (Nahuatl: Chayotli; Mexican Spanish: Chayote) – a Mexican squash
 Tiyangge (Nahuatl: Tianquiztli; Mexican Spanish: Tianguis) – seasonal markets
 Tsokolate (Nahuatl: Xocolatl'') – chocolate

Chinese
 Bakya (Fukien Chinese) – native wooden sandals
 Bihon – Vermicelli (made of rice flour)
 Bitsin (Fukien Chinese: Bi chhin) – monosodium glutamate
 Jueteng (Fukien Chinese) – illegal numbers game
 Lumpia (Fukien Chinese) – spring rolls

English
 Basket – basket
 Basketbol – basketball
 Basketbulan - basketball court
 Bilib - believe
 Bilyar - billiard
 Bilyaran - billiard hall
 Chiki - check
 Dyeepnee – jeep
 Elementari – elementary
 Ekonomiks - economics
 Eksport – export
 Ekpres - express
 Erkon - air con
 Greyd – grade
 Groseri – grocery
 Hai Skul – High School
 Iskor – score
 Iskrin – screen
 Ispiker - speaker
 Keyk – cake
 Kostomer/Kustomer – customer
 Kompyuter – computer
 Kondisyoner - conditioner
 Kontrol - control
 Krim - cream
 Kukis - cookies
 Lider – leader
 Losyon - lotion
 Manedyer – manager
 Masel – muscle
 Makroekonomiks - macroeconomics
 Maikroekonomiks - microeconomics
 Isparkol - sparkle

Cebuano
 Bana (Cebuano: Bana) - husband

Related pages
 Waray Wikipedia

References

Other websites

 Radyo Waraynon - Waraynon Internet Radio Station
 Waray Museum Blog featuring Waray literature
 Online Lineyte-Samarnon (Waray)-English Dictionary (also with Videos, Photos, Music, News, Local Destinations)
 Waray lessons
 Bansa.org Waray Dictionary
 Ethnologue Report for Waray
 A downloadable Waray dictionary with etymologies and Cebuano, Tagalog cognates by Andras Rajki
 Waray Explained (Online Tutorial)

Category:Austronesian languages
Category:Philippines

Waray language


Tere Pyar Mein (, In Your Love) is a Pakistani movie which was released in December 2000. It launched the career of Zara Sheikh in Lollywood.

Category:Pakistani movies
Category:2000 movies
Category:Urdu-language movies

Tere Pyar Mein


Gonobahini ( " People's Army") was the armed wing of the Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal.

References

Category:Bangladesh

Gonobahini


1600 Penn is an American sitcom created by Josh Gad and former Barack Obama speechwriter, Jon Lovett for the NBC television network.

Plot
It shows a family and about their life in the White House.

References

Other websites

Category:American sitcoms
Category:NBC network shows

1600 Penn


Robert B. Pirie Jr. (born September 10, 1933) is a retired United States Navy officer and politician. He was born in San Diego, California. Pirie served as acting United States Secretary of the Navy until the nomination and confirmation of an appointee by President George W. Bush from January to September 2001.

References

Other websites
 Official Navy biography

Category:1933 births
Category:Living people
Category:United States Secretaries of the Navy
Category:Politicians from San Diego, California
Category:Military people from California

Robert B. Pirie Jr.


Henham is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1161 people living in Henham.

References

Category:Uttlesford
Category:Villages in Essex
Category:Civil parishes in Essex

Henham


The flag of Sierra Leone was created in 1961.

Sierra Leone
Category:Sierra Leone

Flag of Sierra Leone


An ideology is a collection of ideas or beliefs shared by a group of people. It may be a connected set of  ideas, or a style of thought, or a world-view. It was coined by a French philosopher, Destutt de Tracy in 1801/5.

There are two main types of ideologies: political ideologies, and epistemological ideologies. Political ideologies are sets of ethical ideas about how a country should be run. Epistemological ideologies are sets of ideas about the philosophy, the Universe, and how people should make decisions.

There are many different types of ideologies. Communism, socialism, and capitalism are  political/economical ideologies.

Many political parties base their political action and program on an ideology. In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of values, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, or class which explains how society should work. It offers a political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them.

Political ideologies have two dimensions:
 Goals: how society should work (or be arranged).
 Methods: the most appropriate ways to achieve the ideal arrangement.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy, theocracy, etc.), and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism, socialism, etc.). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system.

Ideologies also identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the center or the right), though this is very often controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. legalization of marijuana).

Today, many commentators claim that we are living in a post-ideological age, in which redemptive, all-encompassing ideologies have failed. This is often associated with Francis Fukuyama's writings on "the end of history"..

References

Category:Philosophy
Category:Politics
Category:Sociology

Ideology


Oak Brook is a village in DuPage County with a small portion in Cook County in Illinois. The population was 7,883 at the 2010 census. It was made into a village in 1958.

References

Category:Villages in Illinois
Category:Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Category:Settlements in Cook County, Illinois

Oak Brook, Illinois


Canadian French () includes the varieties of the French language spoken in Canada. In the 2011 census about 10 million people said they could speak French in a conversation. French is the mother tongue of about 7.3 million Canadians. 7.9 million said they spoke French at home. French is the official language of Quebec. But many government services are conducted in English. Manitoba and New Brunswick are the only provinces in Canada that are officially bilingual. There are differences between the French spoken in Paris (called metropolitan French) and Canadian French. When the first French immigrants came to Canada they spoke French as it was spoken in France at that time. Since then, Parisian (metropolitan) French has become the normal language in France. However both languages are very similar.

References

Category:French language

Canadian French


Labets-Biscay is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Labets-Biscay

Labets-Biscay


The Seebensee is a lake in Austria. It is at  above the Ehrwalder Alm in Mieminger. It is in the east of Middle Tajakopf. The Seebensee has a drain on the Seebenbachfall and Geißbach in the Loisach. From Seebensee, people can climb up to Coburger Hütte. There is also a place for cows there.

Other websites

Category:Lakes of Austria
Category:Tyrol (state)

Seebensee


"Born to Run" is a rock music song by Bruce Springsteen. The song is on Springsteen's 1975 album, Born to Run. The song was recorded on August 1974.  It became one of the biggest hits of his career. Rolling Stone ranked the song 21st on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

Other websites
 Lyrics

Category:1975 songs
Category:Rock songs

Born to Run (song)


A water supply system or 'water supply network' is an engineering system which provides a supply of water.

A water supply system typically includes:
 A supply of pure water for drinking and other uses. That is why almost all large cities are are on or near to rivers. However, water can be moved distances along pipes or aquifers.
 Water storage facilities such as reservoirs, water tanks, or water towers are necessary. Smaller water systems may store the water in cisterns or pressure vessels. Tall buildings may need to store water locally in pressure vessels in order for the water to reach the upper floors.
 Water pressurizing by such as pumping stations are usually needed at the outlet of underground or above ground reservoirs or cisterns (if gravity flow is impractical).
 A pipe network for distribution of water to the consumers (which may be private houses or industrial, commercial or institution establishments) and other usage points (such as fire hydrants).

The second part of the system is dealing with the sewage and waste water which is eventually put back or comes back into the system. If this' waste water' is not purified, cholera and typhoid epidemics will occur, and still do occur, in cities where the water engineering has not kept pace with population increase.
 Water purification facilities. After any solids in the water have settled out, the water is aerated. This is done by running it slowly over an aerated pebble bed, or through a sand bed. The oxygen in the water kills off the bacteria which are anaerobic. Sometimes poisonous red algae survive, and if so these are killed by adding chlorine to the water. The water is then examined (sampled) under a microscope, and its bacterial content recorded. There are standards set by government for the permitted limits to any kind of foreign objects and to the chemical and biological composition of the water.
Treated water is transferred using water pipes (usually underground).

This type of system was a consequence of the  work of John Snow on the mid-19th century cholera plagues in London.  Despite all efforts, epidemics do still occur if there are leaks in the underground sewage system and leaks in the underground water pipes.

The engineer responsible for the creation of a sewer network for central London was Joseph Bazalgette. This work relieved the city from cholera epidemics (Great Stink), and started  cleaning  the River Thames.

References

Category:Engineering
Category:Microbiology
Category:Water
Category:Plague

Water supply system


Auburn Williams (born 1990, Minneapolis, Minnesota) is a singer, rapper and songwriter who performs as Auburn. In July 2010 her first single, a song called "La, La, La" went into the Billboard Hot 100 music charts at Number 74. It was produced by J.R. Rotem. In 2007 she had made an indepedently released album called Same Girl.

Her song "Perfect Two" is a hit single

References

Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Singers from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Category:Musicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Category:African American musicians
Category:American R&B musicians
Category:American pop singers
Category:Warner Bros. Records artists

Auburn (singer)


Makoto Kakegawa (born 23 May 1973) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="4"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1997||9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|1998||0||0||0||0||4||0||4||0
|-
|1999||10||0||1||0||1||0||12||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="6"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||2||0||4||0||2||0||8||0
|-
|2001||29||0||2||0||2||0||33||0
|-
|2002||30||0||1||0||5||0||36||0
|-
|2003||29||0||3||0||6||0||38||0
|-
|2004||17||0||1||0||5||0||23||0
|-
|2005||21||0||0||0||5||0||26||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="4"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
147||0||12||0||30||0||189||0
147||0||12||0||30||0||189||0
|}

References

Category:1973 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Saitama Prefecture

Makoto Kakegawa


The Daily Express is a British newspaper. It is published daily and it is a tabloid. It was founded in 1900.

Category:Newspapers published in the United Kingdom

Daily Express


Glastonbury Abbey is in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. It was King Ine of Wessex who decided to build Glastonbury Abbey and out of stone. King Edmund I of England was buried at the Abbey in 946 AD. It is said to be the burial place of King Arthur.

References

Category:Abbeys
Category:Somerset
Category:Churches in England

Glastonbury Abbey


Anna Freud (3 December 1895 – 9 October 1982) was the sixth and last child of Sigmund Freud and his wife Martha Bernays Freud.

She was born in Vienna. She followed the path of her father and contributed to the field of psychoanalysis.

With Melanie Klein, she may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology. As her father put it, child analysis had received a powerful impetus through "the work of Frau Melanie Klein and of my daughter, Anna Freud". Her work emphasized the importance of the ego and its ability to be trained socially.

Key moments in life
After a somewhat troubled childhood, Anna was psychoanalysed by her father. When her analysis was completed in 1922, she became a psychoanalyist herself. She taught at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute on the technique of child analysis. From 1925 until 1934, she was the Secretary of the International Psychoanalytical Association. She continued child analysis and seminars and conferences on the subject.

After the Anschluss in 1938 the Freuds fled Vienna and came to London. Freud himself was dying of cancer, so Anna ran the household. Anna had a professional disagreement with Melanie Klein, who had come to London much earlier, and was already established as a child psychologist. A series of 'controversial discussions' were held by the British Psychoanalytical Society. The discussions were about the training and the ideas of both parties. Eventually agreement was reached that both 'schools' should co-exist inside the Society. The Society now has three training divisions: Kleinian, Freudian and Independent.

During the war, Freud studied the effect of deprivation of parental care on children. She set up a centre for young war victims, called "The Hampstead War Nursery". Here the children got foster care, with mothers
encouraged to visit as often as possible.

In 1947, Freud and Kate Friedlaender established the Hampstead Child Therapy Courses. Five years later, a children's clinic was added. Freud started lecturing on child psychology.

From the 1950s until the end of her life Freud travelled regularly to the United States to lecture, teach and visit friends. During the 1970s she was concerned with the problems of emotionally deprived and socially disadvantaged children. At Yale Law School, she taught seminars on crime and the family.

Freud died in London on 9 October 1982. She was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium and her ashes placed in a marble shelf next to her parents' ancient Greek funeral urn. Her lifelong friend Dorothy Burlingham and several other members of the Freud family also rest there.

Personal life
Anna Freud lived with her close friend Dorothy Burlingham, daughter of Louis Comfort Tiffany, for years.

Publications
Freud, Anna (1966–1980). The writings of Anna Freud: 8 Volumes. New York: Indiana University of Pennsylvania

 Vol. 1. Introduction to psychoanalysis: lectures for child analysts and teachers. (1922–1935)
 Vol. 2. Ego and the mechanisms of defense (1936); (Revised edition: 1966 (US), 1968 (UK))
 Vol. 3. Infants without families: reports on the Hampstead Nurseries .
 Vol. 4. Indications for child analysis and other papers (1945–1956)
 Vol. 5. Research at the Hampstead Child-Therapy Clinic and other papers: (1956–1965)
 Vol. 6. Normality and pathology in childhood: assessments of development (1965)
 Vol. 7. Problems of psychoanalytic training, diagnosis, and the technique of therapy (1966–1970)
 Vol. 8. Psychoanalytic psychology of normal development.

Biographies

References

Category:1895 births
Category:1982 deaths
Category:Austrian Jews
Category:Female scientists
Category:Jewish British scientists
Category:Austrian psychiatrists
Category:Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Category:Refugees from Nazism
Category:Scientists from Vienna

Anna Freud


The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: 无产阶级文化大革命, Traditional Chinese: 無產階級文化大革命, Pinyin: Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng, literally: Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution); shortened in Chinese as  or , also known simply as the Cultural Revolution, was a time of large cultural change in China, started by Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Communist Party of China.  It happened from 1966 to 1976.

The start of the Cultural Revolution followed the failure of the Great Leap Forward. Mao tried to remove capitalists from the Communist Party of China, the party in charge of China. To get rid of the capitalists, he started the Socialist Education Movement. It started in 1962 and ended in 1965. At the same time, a redoing of the school system made sure that students were able to also work in factories and communes. Mao slowly started to regain power in 1965, supported by Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, and Chen Boda.

The Communist Party was split between Mao's partners and Deng Xiaoping's partners. Deng Xiaoping was a rival of Mao.  Mao then tried to get support from young people in China by creating the book Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (also known as the Little Red Book), a collection of Mao's sayings. The Red Guard was also made popular. They were a group of young people in China that went around teaching Mao's sayings. They also beat people who disagreed with Mao and destroyed homes and museums. There were many fights breaking out, and China faced anarchy. During the revolution, several important people in China were forced to leave. These people included Liu Shaoqi, President of China, and Deng Xiaoping, the secretary-general of the Communist Party of China.

The Cultural Revolution began to slow down in 1967, and ended in 1969. The Ninth National Party Congress was a meeting where the end of the Cultural Revolution was announced.

Effects

The Cultural Revolution caused a lot of problems in China. Production in factories was lowered because of the workers' political activities. It was also lowered because the people put in charge of the factories did not know how to run them.  Transportation was made worse because a lot of trains were being used to take Red Guards around the country.  Many scientists and engineers were put in jail or sent to work on the farms, which meant that their knowledge was lost.  Because of these changes, the industrial output of China was reduced by 14 percent.

The education of many Chinese people was also cut short. The education system was more disrupted in the cities than in the countryside.  Universities and many schools were closed. A program called the "sent-down youth" program also disrupted education. In that program, children were sent from the cities to the countryside.

Related pages
Great Leap Forward

References

Category:History of China

Cultural Revolution


Tasman Bay is a large bay at the north of New Zealand's South Island. It is in the shape of a V. It is in the middle of the island's northern coast. It is 120 km long and 70 km wide. It is a part of the coast of the Tasman Sea, on the western side of the Cook Strait.
At the western side of the bay, the land around has dense vegetation. The separation point between the Tasman Bay and the next bay, Golden Bay, is in the west. It is a part of the Abel Tasman National Park. On the east side, the bay is bounded by valleys of the Marlborough Sounds.

A few rivers enter the sea at this point. Some of them are Waimea River, Riwaka, the Motueka and Serpentine River. Tasman Bay contains the rare rock formation known as the Boulder Bank.

The land around the centre of the bay is cultivated. It is well known for its crops like apples, kiwifruit, olives, grapes and hops. Tasman bay produced Tobacco there in the middle of the twentieth century. Now there is a Tobacco museum in Motueka. This is also the most populated part of the South Island's north coast. Several towns and the city of Nelson are there. Other large towns are Motueka, Riwaka and Richmond.

Category:Bays
Category:Bodies of water of New Zealand

Tasman Bay


International law is the law that is used when there is a conflict between countries. There are two different types of international law:
 Public International Law applies to all countries but is not enforceable.
 Private International Law is when there is a conflict between two or more countries that broke a certain law based on the countries' law. It is composed of a set of treaties.

In recent years, people have also seen international organizations like the United Nations use international law.

Related pages
 International human rights law
 Geneva Conventions
 Laws of war
 Roerich Pact

Category:International law

International law


Mandela: The Authorized Biography is a biography of Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa. It was written by journalist Anthony Sampson.  It was published in 1999. Sampson's book was one of the first to talk about such issues such as Winnie Mandela's crimes, and State President Frederik Willem de Klerk's suspected attempts to use the security forces to derail peace talks.

References

Category:1999 books
Category:Nelson Mandela

Mandela: The Authorised Biography


Iodine trichloride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ICl3. It has iodine and chloride ions in it. The iodine is in the +3 oxidation state.

Properties
Iodine trichloride is a yellow solid. It melts at . It conducts electricity when it melts. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It is an interhalogen.

Preparation
It is made by reacting a lot of cold iodine with liquid chlorine. It can also be made by heating liquid iodine with chlorine gas at .

Related pages
Iodine pentafluoride
Iodine monochloride
Iodine heptafluoride

Category:Iodine compounds
Category:Chlorine compounds

Iodine trichloride


James Peter Hymers Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern, KT, PC, QC, (born 2 July 1927) is a British advocate.  He served as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates, Lord Advocate, and Lord Chancellor (1987–1997). He is an active member of the House of Lords.

Mackay was born in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

References

Other websites

 Merk, "Lord Mackay of Clashfern", Bonner Rechtsjournal, Sonderausgabe 1/2012, S. 28 ff.

Category:1927 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Edinburgh

James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern


Benjamin Anthony "Ben" Barres (1954 – December 27, 2017) was an American neurobiologist. He was born in West Orange, New Jersey. He worked at Stanford University. His research focused on the interaction between neurons and glial cells in the nervous system.

From 2008 until his death in 2017, he has been Chair of the Neurobiology Department at Stanford University School of Medicine. He transitioned to male in 1997, and became the first openly transgender scientist in the US National Academy of Sciences in 2013.

Barres died of pancreatic cancer in Stanford, California on December 27, 2017 at the age of 63.

References

Category:1954 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Category:Cancer deaths in California
Category:American biologists
Category:Transgender and transsexual people
Category:LGBT people from New Jersey
Category:Scientists from New Jersey

Ben Barres


The Dhyāna sutras (Chan-jing) are a group of early Buddhist meditation texts which contain meditation teachings from the Sarvastivada school along with some early proto-Mahayana meditations. They were mostly the work of Buddhist Yoga teachers from Kashmir and were influential in Chinese Buddhism.

Buddhist texts


Auty is a commune of the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Midi-Pyrénées region.  It can be found in the southern part of France.

Category:Communes in Tarn-et-Garonne

Auty


Jonathan Pryce, CBE (born John Price on 1 June 1947) is a Welsh movie, television, stage and voice actor. He has appeared in many movie, television programs, and plays during his 42 year career.

Pryce is mostly known for his roles as Elliot Carver in Tomorrow Never Dies, Sam Lowry in Brazil, King James I/VI of England in The New World, Juan Perón in Evita, Govenor Weatherby Swann in the Pirates of the Caribbean Movie Series, U.S. President in both G.I. Joe the Rise of Cobra, and in G.I. Joe Retaliation. In 2019, he played Pope Francis in the Netflix movie The Two Popes, a role which earned him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Pryce was born in Holywell, Flintshire, Wales on 1 June 1947. He studied at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Arts. He was raised in London, England. Pryce is currently married to Kate Fahy since 1974.

References

Other websites

Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:Welsh movie actors
Category:Welsh television actors
Category:Welsh voice actors
Category:Welsh stage actors
Category:Actors from London
Category:Tony Award winning actors

Jonathan Pryce


Nicholas Edward "Nick" Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. He has appeared in two short movies, titled The Erogenous Zone and Love and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville "Shaggy" Rogers in the movie, Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and reprised the role in Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster which released in October 2010.

Personal life
Palatas has two brothers, Phillip Palatas and actor Cameron Palatas.

He is married to Marissa Denig (sister of actress Maggie Grace), with whom he has two children, Vienna and Edward.

Filmography

Film

Other websites

Category:1988 births
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Maryland
Category:People from Bethesda, Maryland
Category:American voice actors

Nick Palatas


William Armand Thomas Tristan Garel-Jones, Baron Garel-Jones  (28 February 1941 – 23 March 2020) was a British politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Watford from 1979 to 1997. He was made a life peer in 1997. He also held office as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household (1986–1988), Comptroller of the Household (1988–1989), Treasurer of the Household (1989–1990) and Minister for Europe (1990–1993).

Garel-Jones was born in Gorseinon, Wales. In 1966, he married Catalina Garrigues Carnicer. The couple had five children. He died on 23 March 2020 at the age of 79.

References

Category:1941 births
Category:2020 deaths
Category:Former Conservative MPs
Category:Privy Councillors (UK)
Category:UK MPs 1979–1983
Category:UK MPs 1983–1987
Category:UK MPs 1987–1992
Category:UK MPs 1992–1997
Category:Welsh politicians

Tristan Garel-Jones


Bo Diddley (born Ellas Bates, December 30, 1928 in McComb, Mississippi, died June 2, 2008 in Archer, Florida) was an American singer, guitarist and songwriter. He was one of the original rock and roll musicians; he, along with others, created rock music.

In 1955, he recorded and released his first songs. He is most famous for the rhythm which he has made popular in many of his recordings. The rhythm has become known as the Bo Diddley beat. Some of the most popular songs which feature the Bo Diddley beat include "Not Fade Away" and "I Want Candy", George Michael's song "Faith" and U2's song "Desire". Bo Diddley is also famous for the unusual shapes of many of his guitars, for his exciting stage shows and for his use of female musicians.

Bo Diddley made many appearances on radio, television and in the movies. In 1956, he co-wrote the popular song "Love Is Strange" for the singing duo Mickey and Sylvia.

Some of his most popular songs are: "I'm A Man" (1955), "Pretty Thing" (1955), "Bring It To Jerome" (1955), "Diddy Wah Diddy" (1955), "Who Do You Love" (1956), "Mona (I Need You Baby)" (1957), "Before You Accuse Me" (1957), "Crackin' Up" (1959), "Say Man" (1959), "Say Man, Back Again" (1959), "Road Runner" (1960), "Pills" (1961), "You Can't Judge A Book By The Cover" (1962) and "I Can Tell" (1962).

Bo Diddley often sang simple or amusing songs about himself. Some of these songs are "Bo Diddley" (1955), "Diddley Daddy" (1955), "Hey Bo Diddley" (1957), "Bo Meets The Monster" (1958), "Bo Diddley's A Gunslinger" (1960), "Just Like Bo Diddley" (1989), "Bo Diddley Is Crazy" (1996) and "Oops! Bo Diddley" (1996).

His songs have been recorded by many other popular recording artists, including Aerosmith, The Animals, Eric Clapton, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Dr. Feelgood, The Doors, Buddy Holly, Chris Isaak, New York Dolls, Quicksilver Messenger Service, Rolling Stones, Bob Seger, George Thorogood and The Destroyers, The Who and The Yardbirds.

In 2003, U.S. Representative John Conyers paid tribute to Bo Diddley in the United States House of Representatives when he described him as "one of the true pioneers of rock and roll, who has influenced generations".

In 2005, Bo Diddley celebrated his 50th anniversary in music with successful tours of Australia and Europe and with coast-to-coast shows across North America.

Discography
 Bo Diddley (1958)
 Go Bo Diddley (1959)
 Have Guitar Will Travel (1960)
 Bo Diddley in the Spotlight (1960)
 Bo Diddley Is a Gunslinger (1960)
 Bo Diddley Is a Lover (1961)
 Bo Diddley's a Twister (1962)
 Bo Diddley (1962)
 Bo Diddley & Company (1962)
 Surfin' with Bo Diddley (1963)
 Bo Diddley's Beach Party (1963)
 Bo Diddley's 16 All-Time Greatest Hits (1964)
 Two Great Guitars (with Chuck Berry) (1964)
 Hey Good Lookin''' (1965)
 500% More Man (1965)
 The Originator (1966)
 Super Blues (with Muddy Waters & Little Walter) (1967)
 Super Super Blues Band (with Muddy Waters & Howlin' Wolf) (1967)
 The Black Gladiator (1970)
 Another Dimension (1971)
 Where It All Began (1972)
 Got My Own Bag of Tricks (1972)
 The London Bo Diddley Sessions (1973)
 Big Bad Bo (1974)
 20th Anniversary of Rock & Roll (1976)
 I'm a Man (1977)
 Ain't It Good To Be Free (1983)
 Bo Diddley & Co - Live (1985)
 Hey...Bo Diddley in Concert (1986)
 Breakin' Through the BS (1989)
 Living Legend (1989)
 Rare & Well Done (1991)
 Live at the Ritz (with Ronnie Wood) (1992)
 This Should Not Be (1993)
 Promises (1994)
 A Man Amongst Men (1996)
 Moochas Gracias'' (with Anna Moo) (2002)

Other websites
 Authorised Website
 The Official Bo Diddley MySpace Page
 The Bo Diddley Legacy MySpace Page
 Talent Source Management

Category:1928 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Category:Musicians from Mississippi
Category:Singers from Mississippi

Bo Diddley


Hauterive is a municipality in the Neuchâtel district and canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

References

Category:Municipalities of Neuchâtel

Hauterive, Neuchâtel


Abelardo Gandia Valdes (born September 5, 1977 in Requena) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a disability: He is blind.  He competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the Tandem Individual Pursuit track race.

References

Category:Spanish cyclists
Category:Living people
Category:1977 births
Category:Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Category:1996 Summer Paralympics
Category:2000 Summer Paralympics
Category:People from Valencia

Abelardo Gandia Valdes


The sallow kitten (Furcula furcula) is a moth from the family Notodontidae. They can be found in Europe and the north of Iran. They are attracted to light. The flight period ranges from April to the end of August. The moth has two generations per year.

Category:Moths

Furcula furcula


The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) electrified urban railway lines in Liverpool and Manchester in order to improve the service offered against the competition being put up by new electric trams.

Liverpool

Liverpool to Southport
The line between Liverpool and Southport began using electric multiple units (EMUs) on 22 March 1904. Power was supplied from a third rail at 625 Volts direct current.

Liverpool Overhead Railway
Connections were built with the Liverpool Overhead Railway (LOR) at Seaforth & Litherland railway station to a new station beside LOR's Seaforth Sands station. Also from the North Mersey Branch route to Aintree. From 2 July 1905 LOR trains began to run through to Seaforth and Litherland. In 1906 the L&YR electrified the line to Aintree.

Liverpool to Ormskirk
Electrification to Ormskirk was completed in 1913.

Manchester

Bury to Holcombe Brook
From 1913 an experimental electric service operated between Bury and Holcombe Brook. The equipment was provided by Dick, Kerr & Co. of Preston, which was developing its products for export.
The system used was 3,500 Volts DC from overhead lines. In 1918 the line was converted to the 1,200 V DC system chosen for the Manchester to Bury line.

Manchester to Bury
After the Holcombe Brook service, the L&YR decided to electrify the Manchester to Bury line. The system used was 1,200 V DC from a side-contact third rail. The purpose of this unusual arrangement was to prevent the service being affected by ice forming on the live rail.  Sixty-six cars were built at Newton Heath works. The electrical equipment was supplied by Dick, Kerr & Co. The first public services ran on 17 April 1916,

LYR

LYR electric units


The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is a museum in Springfield, Illinois. It contains papers and exhibits about U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.  Much of the museum is made of dioramas, or re-creations of scenes from the life of Lincoln.  These include scenes of Lincoln in Springfield, Lincoln in the White House, and Lincoln at Ford's Theater.  They were designed by Bob Rogers, who used to work for The Walt Disney Company as a designer.  Some historians did not like that the exhibits were designed by someone who had worked for Disney.  They thought that Disney people do not tell American history the right way.  Along with the dioramas are original artifacts of Lincoln, such as the first copy of the Gettysburg Address.  The library's founding director was Richard Norton Smith, who wrote several books on American presidents. Its current director is Eileen R. Mackevich.

Run by the state of Illinois, the library opened on April 19, 2005. After three years, it had more than 1.5 million visitors.

References

Other websites

Category:Abraham Lincoln
Category:Museums in the United States
Category:Buildings and structures in Springfield, Illinois
Lincoln
Category:2005 establishments in the United States
Category:2000s establishments in Illinois


The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football team in Cincinnati, Ohio. They are currently members of the North Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Their first season, 1968, was as an American Football League franchise, but they joined the NFL as part of the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger. Their current quarterback is Andy Dalton.

The Bengals' stadium is Paul Brown Stadium, in Cincinnati.  Their uniforms are an orange, black, or white jersey with tiger stripes and black or white pants.

The team chose its name for the fierce and dangerous big cat called the Bengal tiger.

Other websites
Cincinnati Bengals official web site
Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
Bengals History

Category:Sports in Cincinnati, Ohio
Category:1968 establishments in the United States
Category:1960s establishments in Ohio

Cincinnati Bengals


Washington Dulles International Airport  is a public airport in Dulles, Virginia. It is  west of Washington, D.C. The airport serves the Baltimore-Washington DC-Northern Virginia metropolitan area and the District of Columbia. It is named after John Foster Dulles. He was the Secretary of State under Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Dulles main terminal is a well-known landmark it was designed by Eero Saarinen. The airport is run by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.  Dulles Airport covers an area of . It is on the border of Fairfax County and Loudoun County, Virginia.

Dulles lies in two unincorporated communities, Chantilly and Dulles. It is west of Herndon and southwest of Sterling. Washington Dulles Airport is the largest airport in the Washington metropolitan area. It is one of the nation's busiest airports. The airport has over 23 million passengers a year. Daily, more than 60,000 passengers leave Washington Dulles to more than 125 destinations around the world. Dulles is the busiest airport in Virginia. It is also the busiest in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area.

At the end of World War II, growth in aviation and in the Washington metropolitan area caused Congress to pass the Washington Airport Act of 1950. This provided the money for a second airport. The location was selected by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1958.

Airlines

Largest carriers

All airlines

 Aer Lingus
 Aeroflot
 AeroSur
 Air France
 All Nippon Airways
 American Airlines
 Austrian Airlines
 Avianca
 British Airways
 Cayman Airways
 Copa Airlines
 Delta Air Lines
 Delta Connection:
 Chautauqua Airlines
 Comair
 Compass Airlines
 ExpressJet
 Pinnacle Airlines
 Emirates
 Etihad Airways
 Ethiopian Airlines
 Icelandair
 JetBlue Airways
 KLM
 Korean Air
 Lufthansa

 Porter Airlines
 Qatar Airways
 Saudi Arabian Airlines
 Scandinavian Airlines
 South African Airways
 Southwest Airlines
 Turkish Airlines
 United Airlines
 United Express:
 Colgan Air
 ExpressJet
 GoJet Airlines
 Mesa Airlines
 Shuttle America
 SkyWest Airlines
 Trans States Airlines
 Virgin America
 Virgin Atlantic Airways

Incidents
On June 13, 1979, two tires on an Air France Concorde blew out during a take-off from Washington Dulles Airport. Shrapnel from the tires damaged an engine,  three fuel tanks, several hydraulic lines, electrical wires and the top of the wing.
On July 21, 1979, another blown tire on an Air France Concorde happened during take-off from Washington Dulles Airport. After this, the “French director general of civil aviation and Air France made it a requirement to inspect each wheel/tire before to each take-off.
In 2001, American Airlines Flight 77, a Boeing 757,  left gate D26 at Dulles to Los Angeles International Airport. It was hijacked and crashed into the Pentagon as part of the September 11 attacks.
On August 30, 2011, the left engine of United Airlines Flight 861, a Boeing 777, made a loud noise. The cockpit of the airplane became filled with smoke. The crew turned off the left engine and returned to Dulles Airport.

In fiction
Dulles has been used for many Washington based movies. This started soon after it opened with the 1964 movie Seven Days in May. The 1983 comedy D.C. Cab, starring Mr. T, Adam Baldwin and Gary Busey showed scenes outside of the main terminal at Dulles Airport. The action movie Die Hard 2: Die Harder takes place mainly at Dulles airport. The plot of the movie deals with the takeover of the airport's tower and communication systems by terrorists. The movie was not filmed at Dulles. Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and the now-closed Stapleton International Airport in Denver were used. Part of the thriller The Package (starring Gene Hackman and Tommy Lee Jones) took place at Dulles. Again it was not filmed in Dulles.  Chicago's O'Hare International Airport was used in its place.

Portions of all three sequels to the disaster film Airport were filmed at Dulles:  Airport 1975, with Charlton Heston, Karen Black and George Kennedy; Airport '77, with Jack Lemmon, Christopher Lee and George Kennedy; and The Concorde ... Airport '79. Dulles was the site filmed as a New York City airport, in the 1999 comedy, Forces of Nature. The airport is also shown in the movie Body of Lies.  In the scene, Leonardo DiCaprio says he is in "Dubai International" on the phone. The curved roof and windows on the upper deck of the Dulles departures area can be seen behind him. The terminal can also be seen in the movie In The Line of Fire starring Clint Eastwood.

Dulles is used in many episodes of the television series The X-Files.

References

Other websites

 openNav: IAD / KIAD charts

Category:Airports in Virginia

Washington Dulles International Airport


Holley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. Its population was 1,630 as of the 2010 census.

References

Category:Unincorporated communities in Florida
Category:Census-designated places in Florida

Holley, Florida


Julio Vallejo-Ruiloba (7 May 1945 – 14 January 2019) was a Spanish psychiatrist.

Biography
He was Chairman of the Psychiatry Department at the University of Barcelona. He was President of the Spanish Psychiatry Society, and Academician of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Catalonia. He wrote 56 books about psychiatry and more than 350 scientific papers talking about depression.

Vallejo Ruiloba died on 14 January 2019 from liver cancer in Barcelona, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 Fundación Española de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental
 Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría
 Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría Biológica
 Ciudad Universitaria de Bellvitge

Category:Spanish scientists
Category:Psychiatrists
Category:1945 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Deaths from liver cancer
Category:Writers from Barcelona

Julio Vallejo Ruiloba


Faiyum (;  ̀Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ or Ⲫⲓⲱⲙ) is a city in the Middle of Egypt. It is  away from Cairo. The city is located in the Faiyum Oasis, and it is the capital of Faiyum Governorate. The city was called Shedet in Ancient Egypt. When the Greeks took Egypt, they called it Crocodilopolis or Krocodilopolis. the Romans called it Arsinoë. It is one of Egypt's oldest cities, and it has a strategic location.

Climate

Main sights

 Hawara, archeological site  from the city
 Lahun Pyramids,  outside the city
 Qaitbay Mosque, in the city. the wife of the Mamluk Sultan Qaitbay built it.
 Qasr Qarun,  from the city
 Wadi Elrayan or Wadi Rayan, the largest waterfalls in Egypt, around  from the city
 Wadi Al-Hitan or Valley of whales, It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Images

Related pages
 Faiyum Governorate
 Wadi Elrayan

References

Other websites

 Fayum towns and their papyri, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
 . 148 pages, public domain.
 Fayoum Photo Gallery

Category:Cities in Egypt

Faiyum


The Oesling in French or the Ösling in German (Luxembourgish: Éislek) is the north of Luxembourg. It is about one-third of the country. About 10 percent of the people in Luxembourg live here (about 60,000 people).

The Oesling belongs both to the Ardennes and the Eifel. It has medium hills with an altitude of 400 to 500 meters. Highest hill is the Kneiff with an altitude of 560 meters, and also the highest hill of Luxembourg.

The Oesling used to be Diekirch District, except for the southern parts of the Redange Canton, the Diekirch Canton, and the Vianden Canton.

Related pages
 Gutland is the middle and south of Luxembourg

Category:Geography of Luxembourg

Oesling


Arun Jaitley (28 December 1952 – 24 August 2019) was an Indian politician. He was the Minister of Finance and Minister of Corporate Affairs from 2014 to 2019. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Minister of Defence from in 2014 and in 2017. From 2009 to 2014 he was the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha.

Jaitley had diabetes. In January 2019, Jaitley was diagnosed with a rare form of soft-tissue cancer and had treatment in New York.

On 9 August 2019, he was hospitalized in New Delhi under critical condition for respiratory problems. He died on 24 August at the hospital, aged 66. The cause of death was problems caused by diabetes.

References

Category:1952 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Deaths from diabetes
Category:Indian politicians
Category:Organ transplant recipients
Category:Deaths from soft-tissue sarcoma
Category:Lawyers
Category:People from New Delhi

Arun Jaitley


Deborah Snyder (née Johnson) is an American producer of movies and television commercials. She is married to moviemaker Zack Snyder. She has often worked with him on movies such as Watchmen and 300.  She is the co-founder of the production company Cruel and Unusual Films.

Personal life
Snyder is currently married to moviemaker Zack Snyder.  They met in 1996. They married on September 25, 2004. The wedding was at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in Manhattan, New York. They currently live in Pasadena, California.

Movies

References

Other websites

 Cruel and Unusual Films official website

Category:American movie producers
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Deborah Snyder


Albano Eduardo Harguindeguy (February 11, 1927 – October 29, 2012) was an Argentine Army General.

Harguindeguy was born in February 11, 1927. He was thought of being involved in a human rights abuse case, then he was pardoned by President Carlos Menem in 1989, with other members of the dictatorship. In 2004 he refused to testify before a judge investigating illegal detentions and killings under Operation Condor, and he was put under house arrest.

Harguindeguy died on October 29, 2012 from natural causes while under house arrest, aged 85.

References

Other websites

Category:1927 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:Argentine generals
Category:Deaths from natural causes

Albano Harguindeguy


Me Against the World is the third studio album by American rapper, Tupac Shakur. Me Against the World was released on March 14, 1995. The album was released when 2Pac was imprisoned and it debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200. By having this happen, it made him the first artist to have an album debut at number one on Billboard 200 while serving time in prison. It was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 1996 Grammy Awards. The album's first single "Dear Mama" was nominated for Best Rap Solo Performance.

Songs

References

Category:1995 albums
Category:Tupac Shakur albums

Me Against the World


The Jagdgeschwader 1 was a German flying command of the First World War.

The first commander of this group was Manfred von Richthofen. After his death in April 1918, Wilhelm Reinhard became the second commander. The third and last commander of this group was Hermann Göring.

This flying command is also called "The Red Baron".

Category:Military

Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War I)


Clarence J. "Clancy" Brown III (born 5 January 1959) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Byron Hadley in The Shawshank Redemption and  Career Sergeant Zim in Starship Troopers. He is perhaps best known for his role as the Kurgan in the cult classic Highlander. Brown also works extensively as a voice actor in animated TV series. He was the voice of Lex Luthor on Superman: The Animated Series and Justice League/Justice League Unlimited. He was also the voice of  Mr. Krabs on SpongeBob SquarePants.

Further reading
Voisin, Scott, Character Kings: Hollywood's Familiar Faces Discuss the Art and Business of Acting BearManor Media, 2009.

Other websites
Clancy Brown's official website

Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Actors from Ohio

Clancy Brown


Douglas Allan Zmolek (born November 3, 1970) is an American retired professional ice hockey defenseman. He played a career total of 8 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the San Jose Sharks, Dallas Stars, Los Angeles Kings and the Chicago Blackhawks.

Career
Before playing professional hockey, Zmolek played 3 years of college hockey with the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers. While he was there, he was named to the WCHA Second All-Star Team and the NCAA Second All-American Team in his junior and final year in 1992.

He was drafted 7th overall by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft. On May 30, 1991, the San Jose Sharks claimed Zmolek from Minnesota in the dispersal draft. Zmolek played 2 seasons with the Sharks before he was traded along with Mike Lalor to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Ulf Dahlén and Dallas' 7th round choice in 1995 NHL Entry Draft. He spent parts of two seasons with the Stars.

The Stars traded Zmolek along with Shane Churla to the Los Angeles Kings for Darryl Sydor and Los Angeles' 5th round choice (Ryan Christie) in 1996 NHL Entry Draft on February 17, 1996. He would play parts of 2 seasons with the Kings before he was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for Chicago's 3rd round choice (František Kaberle) in 1999 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons with the Blackhawks.

On December 28, 2000, when he became a free agent, Zmolek signed a contract to play for the Chicago Wolves of the International Hockey League (IHL). After only playing 2 games with the Wolves, his contract was bought out and he retired in 2000.

After he retired, Zmolek became an advisor and member of the board to the Rochester Youth Hockey Association (RYHA). He also runs an off-season hockey camp called "Top Shelf," in his home city of Rochester, Minnesota.

References

Other websites

Category:1970 births
Category:American ice hockey players
Category:Chicago Blackhawks players
Category:Dallas Stars players
Category:Living people
Category:Los Angeles Kings players
Category:San Jose Sharks players
Category:Sportspeople from Minnesota
Category:International Hockey League (1945–2001) players

Doug Zmolek


Larz-Kristerz is a Swedish dansband. It was founded in Älvdalen in 2001. It was the winner of the 2008 edition of Dansbandskampen. The band is known to use Hagström instruments and public address systems. Their album Hem till dig famously stopped U2's No Line On the Horizon from reaching number 1 in the Swedish charts. It was the only country where No Line On the Horizon did not reach this position.

Members
Stefan Nykvist
Peter Larsson
Kent Lindén
Trond Korsmoe
Morgan Korsmoe
Mikael Eriksson
Torbjörn Eriksson

Discography

Albums

Singles
2009: "Carina" (reached #1 in Swedish Singles Chart)
2009: "Hem till dig"
2009: "Monte Carlo"

References

Other websites

 Larz-Kristerz official homepage (Swedish)

Category:Musical groups established in 2001
Category:Dansbands
Category:Swedish musical groups

Larz-Kristerz


Impressionism is a style of painting which began in France in the late 19th century. Impressionist painting shows life-like subjects painted in a broad, rapid style, with brushstrokes that are easily seen and colours that are often bright. The term 'impressionism' comes from a painting by Claude Monet, which he showed in an exhibition with the name Impression, soleil levant ("Impression, Sunrise"). An art critic called Louis Leroy saw the exhibition and wrote a review in which he said that all the paintings were just "impressions".

Impressionist painters are mostly known for their work in oil paint on canvas. Some impressionist painters also made watercolours and prints. There is also some impressionist sculpture.

History

In the 19th century, most artists learned to paint by attending an art school or academy. The academies were very strict about the way that young artists learnt to paint. The popular style of painting was called classicism. Classical paintings were always done inside a studio. They often showed stories from mythology. An artist would prepare for a painting by doing lots of drawings. The paintings were very smoothly and carefully painted.

At the same time there were several painters who loved to paint the French landscape and the village people in a realist way, different from Classicism. They would often make small quick paintings out of doors, and then finish them in the studio. These artists include Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste Corot. Edgar Degas wrote in 1883: "There is one master, Corot. We are nothing in comparison, nothing". A group of young painters who admired the work of these artists became friends and started painting together. These artists were Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Frédéric Bazille, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cézanne, and Armand Guillaumin.

Every year the academy in Paris would hold a big exhibition (art show) called the Salon de Paris. In 1863 an artist called Edouard Manet put a picture into the show called Lunch on the Grass ("Le déjeuner sur l'herbe"). The judges at the Salon refused to hang this work in the gallery because it showed a naked woman sitting on the grass with two men wearing clothes. If the painting had been about Ancient Greek mythology, this would not be a problem but these men were wearing ordinary suits, and the woman's dress and hat were lying on the grass. Perhaps she was a prostitute! The judges said that the painting was indecent (very rude). Monet and his friends also had their paintings turned away. They were angry and they met with Manet to discuss this. The Emperor Napoleon III gave permission for another exhibition called the Salon des Refusés which showed all the pictures that had been "refused". Many people went to see this exhibition and soon discovered that there was a new "movement" in art, quite different from the style that they were used to.

In 1872 Monet and his friends formed a society called the "Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers". They began to organize their own art show. In 1874 thirty artists held their first exhibition. The critic Louis Leroy made fun of their work and wrote an article called The Exhibition of the Impressionists. The public who came to the exhibition also began to use this name. The painters themselves soon started to use the name "Impressionists" and they have been called by that name ever since. They had eight exhibitions between 1874 and 1886. They paid a dealer called Paul Durand-Ruel to organise exhibitions, and he arranged shows in London and New York. Bit by bit, their paintings became popular. Some of the Impressionists, Monet and Renoir, lived to be old and famous, but others died very poor. The main artists who are called "Impressionists" include Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, Armand Guillaumin, Mary Cassatt, Gustave Caillebotte and Frederic Bazille.

Many artists worked with the Impressionists for a short time, but then began to try out new ideas. These artists all painted in different ways, but together are called the Post-Impressionists. They include Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Vincent van Gogh.

While the French Impressionist painters were at work in France, painters in other countries were also beginning to paint outdoors in a broader style. Eventually the Impressionist style spread to many countries across Europe, to North America and Australia. Some artists continued to paint in the Impressionist style right through the 20th century.

Subject and style

Impressionism and photography
Before the time of the Impressionists, many artists worked by painting portraits. Before the invention of the camera, painted portraits were the main way to record a person's "appearance" (what they looked like). But by the time the Impressionists started painting, there were many photographers who had studios where people could go to be photographed. As cameras improved, photographers started taking "snapshots" of scenery and people outdoors.

Photography had two effects on painters. Firstly, it meant that it was much harder for them to live by painting portraits. Many artists became very poor. Secondly, the image taken by a camera often has interesting angles and viewpoints that are not usually painted by artists. Impressionist painters were able to learn from photographs. Many Impressionist paintings make the viewer feel as if they were right there, looking at the scene through the eyes of the artist.

Subjects
Impressionist painters did not paint from their imagination, from literature, history or mythology like most other painters of the 19th century. They painted what they saw in the world around them: the town where they lived, the landscape where they went on holiday, their family, their friends, their studios and the things that were around their home. Sometimes they were "commissioned" (given a job) to paint a portrait of someone.

Impressionist painters liked to paint "ordinary" things that were part of everyday life. They painted women doing the washing and ironing, ballet dancers doing exercises, horses getting ready for a race and a bored-looking waitress serving a customer. Nobody, before the Impressionists, had ever thought that these subjects were interesting enough to paint.

Even though many Impressionist artists painted people, they are thought of mainly for their landscape painting. Impressionist painters were not satisfied with doing some drawings or quick painted sketches outdoors and then making grand pictures in the studio. Impressionist painters were not satisfied with painting the shape of the land, the buildings and trees. They wanted to capture the light and the weather.

Technique
The Impressionist painters looked for a "technique" (a way of doing something) to paint landscapes that showed the light and the weather. The light and the weather change all the time. The light of the sun on the landscape changes every minute as the Earth turns. Impressionist painters looked at the works of earlier French artists such as Camille Corot and Gustave Courbet. Courbet often took his paints outdoors and made quick coloured sketches that he could then use to make large paintings in his studio. The Impressionist painters were more interested in the sketches than the finished paintings.

Another artist, Eugene Boudin, used to sit on the beach at Deauville with his oil paints, and make quick paintings of the people on holiday. They would sometimes buy his paintings as souvenirs.

Claude Monet met Boudin and learnt that the only way to "capture" the way that a landscape looked at a particular time was to paint small pictures, very quickly, and without bothering to mix the paints up to make nice smooth even colours. Impressionist painters would use big brushstrokes of different bright colours and let them get mixed up on the canvas, instead of carefully mixing them up on a palette first. By painting in this way, without bothering with the details, Impressionist painters capture a realistic "impression" of a the world that they saw around them.

Some of the things that they painted were: snow gently falling over a town, mist rising on a river in the pink morning light, people walking through a field of wheat with bright red poppies growing in it, sunlight dappling through leaves onto people dancing, a train sending up clouds of smoke in a big railway station, and water lillies floating on a pool under drooping willows.

Most Impressionist landscape paintings are small, so that the artist could carry them outdoors. Some artists, particularly Claude Monet, would take several canvases, and as the day went on and the light changed, he would put down one and take up another. He rented a room from which he could see Rouen Cathedral so that he could paint it from the window at different times of day. Monet also did a series of Haystack paintings, showing them standing in the field from different angles and in all sorts of weather, bright sunshine, morning frost and snow. Paintings that are done outdoors are called "plein air" paintings. The Impressionist painters often used to go out together on painting trips, so there are many pictures that can be compared.

Other impressionist art forms
The term "impressionism" has been used for other forms of art, such as writing and music. Octave Mirbeau is often described as an impressionist writer. In 1887, music critics said the works of Claude Debussy were impressionist. Later, other composers were also described as impressionist, including Maurice Ravel, Paul Dukas, Erik Satie and Albert Roussel.

Gallery of impressionist paintings
Click on each image to enlarge it, to see the way each artist has used brush-strokes and colour.

Capturing the scene

Seeing like a camera

People outdoors

Changing seasons in the town

Light on water

Timeline: Lives of the Impressionists
The Impressionists

Related pages
 Post-impressionists
 Neo-impressionism
 Pointillism
 Expressionism
 Fauvism
 Cubism
 Impressionist music

References

More reading
 Helen Gardner, Art through the Ages, Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.
 Jurgen Schultze, Art of Nineteenth-Century Europe, Abrams, (1979)
 Nathaniel Harris, The Impressionists, Viscount Books, (1984)

Impressionism


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The series premiered on Colors TV on 8 October 2016 and ended on 25 June 2017.
The series starred Mouni Roy and Karanvir Bohra in lead roles.

References

Category:Indian television series
Category:2016 Indian television series debuts
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Naagin 2


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McElligott was born in Dublin, Ireland.

References

Category:Irish television actors
Category:Irish movie actors
Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actors from Dublin

Dominique McElligott