Hummingbirds are small birds of the family Trochilidae.

They are among the smallest of birds: most species measure 7.5–13 cm (3–5 in). The smallest living bird species is the 2–5 cm Bee Hummingbird. They can hover in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings 12–80 times per second (depending on the species). They are also the only group of birds able to fly backwards. Their rapid wing beats do actually hum. They can fly at speeds over 15 m/s (54 km/h, 34 mi/h).

Eating habits and pollination
Hummingbirds help flowers to pollinate, though most insects are best known for doing so. The hummingbird enjoys nectar, like the butterfly and other flower-loving insects, such as bees.

Hummingbirds do not have a good sense of smell; instead, they are attracted to color, especially the color red. Unlike the butterfly, the hummingbird hovers over the flower as it drinks nectar from it, like a moth. When it does so, it flaps its wings very quickly to stay in one place, which makes it look like a blur and also beats so fast it makes a humming sound. A hummingbird sometimes puts its whole head into the flower to drink the nectar properly. When it takes its head back out, its head is covered with yellow pollen, so that when it moves to another flower, it can pollinate. Or sometimes it may pollinate with its beak.

Like bees, hummingbirds can assess the amount of sugar in the nectar they eat. They reject flowers whose nectar has less than 10% sugar. Nectar is a poor source of nutrients, so hummingbirds meet their needs for protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. by preying on insects and spiders.

Feeding apparatus
Most hummingbirds have bills that are long and straight or nearly so, but in some species the bill shape is adapted for specialized feeding. Thornbills have short, sharp bills adapted for feeding from flowers with short corollas and piercing the bases of longer ones. The Sicklebills' extremely decurved bills are adapted to extracting nectar from the curved corollas of flowers in the family Gesneriaceae. The bill of the Fiery-tailed Awlbill has an upturned tip, as in the Avocets. The male Tooth-billed Hummingbird has barracuda-like spikes at the tip of its long, straight bill.

The two halves of a hummingbird's bill have a pronounced overlap, with the lower half (mandible) fitting tightly inside the upper half (maxilla). When hummingbirds feed on nectar, the bill is usually only opened slightly, allowing the tongue to dart out into the nectar.

Like the similar nectar-feeding sunbirds and unlike other birds, hummingbirds drink by using grooved or trough-like tongues which they can stick out a long way.
Hummingbirds do not spend all day flying, as the energy cost would be prohibitive; the majority of their activity consists simply of sitting or perching. Hummingbirds feed in many small meals, consuming many small invertebrates and up to twelve times their own body weight in nectar each day. They spend an average of 10–15% of their time feeding and 75–80% sitting and digesting.

Co-evolution with flowers

Since hummingbirds are specialized nectar-eaters, they are tied to the bird-flowers they feed upon. Some species, especially those with unusual bill shapes such as the Sword-billed Hummingbird and the sicklebills, are co-evolved with a small number of flower species.

Many plants pollinated by hummingbirds produce flowers in shades of red, orange, and bright pink, though the birds will take nectar from flowers of many colors. Hummingbirds can see wavelengths into the near-ultraviolet. However, their flowers do not reflect these wavelengths as many insect-pollinated flowers do. The narrow color spectrum may make hummingbird-pollinated flowers inconspicuous to insects, thereby reducing nectar robbing by insects. Hummingbird-pollinated flowers also produce relatively weak nectar (averaging 25% sugars w/w) containing high concentrations of sucrose, whereas insect-pollinated flowers typically produce more concentrated nectars dominated by fructose and glucose.

Taxonomy
Hummingbirds have traditionally been a part of the bird order Apodiformes. This order includes the Hummingbirds, the swifts and the tree swifts. The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy of birds, based on DNA studies done in the 1970s and 1980s, have changed the classification of hummingbirds. Instead of being in the same order as the swifts, the hummingbirds were made into an order that only included themselves, Trochiliformes. Their previous order, Apodiformes was changed to the superorder Apodimorphae. This superorder  contains the three families of birds which were in it when it was an order.

References

Hummingbird


Hendrick Motorsports is a race team in NASCAR owned by Rick Hendrick. Chase Elliott, William Byron, Jimmie Johnson, and Alex Bowman all drive for this team. Hendrick Motorsports has won 10 Monster Energy MASCAR Cup Series championships.

References

Category:NASCAR

Hendrick Motorsports


Matthew Law is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Kendrick on the television series The Paynes as Young Colby on the television series Shooter and Agent Julian in "Marvel: Agents of Shield" (2019 TV Series). He will appear as Kareem Richardson in Tyler Perry's exciting new television drama "The Oval," (BET, October 2019).

Other websites

Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:African-American television actors

Matthew Law


Pa Sulay Njie (born 2 August 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a Striker for the Gambian national team and for  Hatayspor

References

Other websites
 GFF official Federation website
 Gambia at the FIFA website.
  Gambia at CAF Online

Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:African footballers
Category:Gambian people

Pa Sulay Njie


Siân Rebecca Berry (born 9 July 1974) is a British politician.

On 4 September 2018, she became Co-Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales alongside Jonathan Bartley. From 2006 to 2007, she was one of the Green Party's Principal Speakers.

She was the party's candidate in the 2008 London mayoral election, and again in the 2016 election, at which she came third.

She is a member of the London Assembly and the only Green Party councillor on Camden Council, representing Highgate.

References

Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Environmentalists
Category:People from Gloucestershire

Siân Berry


The Alfstarz was a dansband in the town of Ronneby, Sweden.

Discography

Singles
Jag är på väg/Vem - 1988
Barfota i regn/Amors pilar (Little Arrows) - 1989
San Martinique/Ge inte upp - 1989
Bang en boomerang/Tack för ni kom (Dein Herz wird mich versteh'n) - 1991

Svensktoppen songs
Natten tänder ljus på himlen - 1986-1987

References

Category:Dansbands
Category:Swedish musical groups

Alfstarz


Year 1084 (MLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events
 May : Sack of Rome by the Normans of Robert Guiscard.

Births
 David I of Scotland

1084


Obersaxen Mundaun is a new municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Mundaun and Obersaxen merged into the new municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun

Category:Municipalities of Graubünden

Obersaxen Mundaun


Gutenburg was a municipality in the Swiss canton of Bern.

Since January 1, 2007, it is part of the municipality of Madiswil.

Category:Villages in Bern
Category:Former municipalities of Bern

Gutenburg, Switzerland


Carlo Tresca (1879 - January 11, 1943 New York City) was an Italian-born American anarchist, newspaper editor, and labor agitator. Tresca was famous for the fight and the opposition to the fascism, stalinism, and the mafia. Tresca was part of the defense committee for accused murderers Sacco and Vanzetti, and frequently spoke in their defense at rallies and in articles. During the 1930s, Tresca became an outspoken opponent of Soviet Communists and Stalinism, particularly after the Soviet Union had engineered the destruction of the anarchist movement in Catalonia and Aragon during the Spanish Revolution. Before this, Tresca had supported the Bolsheviks, with the excuse of that a Communist state was preferable to a capitalist state. In early 1938 Tresca publicly accused the Soviets of kidnapping Juliet Poyntz to prevent her defection from the Communist Party USA. Tresca said that, before she had disappeared, Poyntz had talked to him about her disgust over Joseph Stalin's Great Terror.  In 1941 Tresca, in a revealing moment, admitted to Max Eastman that Nicola Sacco was guilty of the crime with which he was charged, though Vanzetti was innocent. In New York, Tresca also began a public campaign of criticism of the Mafia in his weekly newspaper, Il Martello. Tresca was killed probably by the mafia, with a gun shot. Others have thought that Tresca was eliminated by the NKVD because of the criticism of the Stalin regime of the Soviet Union.

Related pages
 Industrial Workers of the World
 List of anarchists

Other websites
Review of All the Right Enemies: The Life and Murder of Carlo Tresca from Washington Monthly

Category:Industrial Workers of the World
Category:American anarchists
Category:Socialists
Category:Italian people
Category:American murder victims
Category:1879 births
Category:1943 deaths

Carlo Tresca


James Carter "Jimmie" Walker, Jr. (born June 25, 1947) is an American actor and comedian. He was known for playing James Evans Jr. (J.J.) on the CBS television series Good Times, which ran from 1974 to 1979.

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:American television personalities
Category:Comedians from New York City
Category:Actors from New York City

Jimmie Walker


A court reporter or court stenographer, also called stenotype operator, shorthand reporter or law reporter, is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written form, using shorthand, machine shorthand or voice writing equipment to produce official transcripts of court hearings, depositions and other official proceedings. Court reporting companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state and federal government agencies, courts, trade associations, meeting planners and nonprofits.

Category:Courts (law)
Category:Occupations

Court reporting


The arrondissement of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire is an arrondissement of France.  It is part of the Nièvre département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital is the city of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire.

History
When the Nièvre department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire was part of that original department, with the original name of Cosne. In 1952, the name was changed to Cosne-sur-Loire, and in 1973, after the commune Cours was joined to the commune Cosne-sur-Loire, the name was changed to the present name.

Geography
The arrondissement  of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire is bordered to the north by the Yonne (Burgundy) department, to the east by the arrondissement of Clamecy, to the south by the arrondissement of Nevers and to the west by the Cher (Centre-Val de Loire) department.

It is the westernmost of the arrondissements of the department, with an area of . It has 44,772 inhabitants and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire:
 La Charité-sur-Loire
 Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire
 Pouilly-sur-Loire

Communes
The arrondissement of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire has 63 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):

 Alligny-Cosne (58002)
 Annay (58007)
 Arbourse (58009)
 Arquian (58012)
 Arthel (58013)
 Arzembouy (58014)
 Beaumont-la-Ferrière (58027)
 Bitry (58033)
 Bouhy (58036)
 Bulcy (58042)
 La Celle-sur-Loire (58044)
 La Celle-sur-Nièvre (58045)
 Cessy-les-Bois (58048)
 Champlemy (58053)
 Champvoux (58056)
 La Charité-sur-Loire (58059)
 Chasnay (58061)
 Châteauneuf-Val-de-Bargis (58064)
 Chaulgnes (58067)
 Ciez (58077)
 Colméry (58081)
 Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire (58086)
 Couloutre (58089)
 Dampierre-sous-Bouhy (58094)
 Dompierre-sur-Nièvre (58101)
 Donzy (58102)
 Garchy (58122)
 Giry (58127)
 Lurcy-le-Bourg (58147)
 La Marche (58155)
 Menestreau (58162)
 Mesves-sur-Loire (58164)
 Montenoison (58174)
 Moussy (58184)
 Murlin (58186)
 Myennes (58187)
 Nannay (58188)
 Narcy (58189)
 Neuvy-sur-Loire (58193)
 Oulon (58203)
 Perroy (58209)
 Pougny (58213)
 Pouilly-sur-Loire (58215)
 Prémery (58218)
 Raveau (58220)
 Saint-Amand-en-Puisaye (58227)
 Saint-Andelain (58228)
 Saint-Aubin-les-Forges (58231)
 Saint-Bonnot (58234)
 Sainte-Colombe-des-Bois (58236)
 Saint-Laurent-l'Abbaye (58248)
 Saint-Loup (58251)
 Saint-Malo-en-Donziois (58252)
 Saint-Martin-sur-Nohain (58256)
 Saint-Père (58261)
 Saint-Quentin-sur-Nohain (58265)
 Saint-Vérain (58270)
 Sichamps (58279)
 Suilly-la-Tour (58281)
 Tracy-sur-Loire (58295)
 Tronsanges (58298)
 Varennes-lès-Narcy (58302)
 Vielmanay (58307)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Nièvre department
 Communes of the Nièvre department

References

Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire

Arrondissement of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire


Friesen is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Category:Communes in Haut-Rhin

Friesen


Marco Camenisch (born 21 January 1952) is a Swiss anarchist and environmental activist. He was born in Schiers. He served several years in prison for the 1989 murder of a border guard in Brusio, Switzerland and other offences.

Camenisch has maintained his political ideas during his time in prison, and he has remained a political activist.

References

Other websites
List of anarchists

Category:Swiss activists
Category:Environmentalists
Category:Anarchists
Category:Green anarchism
Category:Green thinkers
Category:Murderers
Category:Prisoners
Category:Swiss people
Category:1952 births
Category:Living people

Marco Camenisch


Chaumot is the name of the two communes in France:
 Chaumot, Nièvre, in the Nièvre department
 Chaumot, Yonne, in the Yonne department

Chaumot


Vallavanukku Vallavan is a 1965 Tamil mystery thriller starring Asokan, Manimala, Gemini Ganesan and R.S. Manohar in lead roles with Thangavelu and Manorama in supporting roles. Also Savitri, makes a cameo as herself. It was directed by R. Sundaram.

Plot
Ramesh (Askokan) is an engineer who is hunting for a job and with the help of his friend Babu (Thangavelu) goes to see a wealthy businessman named Laxman for a new project of his. After a song and a comic encounter with Laxman's daughter Geeta (Manimala), he falls in love with her. He also achieves very good success in convincing Geeta's father into starting the project. During a sight visit for the project, his suitcase gets swapped with a similar suitcase of a co-passenger named Mala (Manorama), which is full of money. For this reason Ramesh is detained in a police lock-up. Also Mala is revealed to be part of a criminal gang. When the gang leader, Jumboo, is not able to kill Mala (because he needs a particular diary from her), he instead arranges a dangerous rowdy named Bijua Pakiri (R.S. Manohar)to kill Ramesh within the lock-up.

However, instead of killing Ramesh, Bijua decides to hold Ramesh captive. Together they escape the lock-up that very night to prove Ramesh's innocence. Bijua also angers the criminal gang of Mala, when he asks for a greater sum in return for killing Ramesh. When a mysterious man (Gemini Ganesan) makes phone calls and tried to save Ramesh from captivity, Ramesh escapes by himself out into the city. The mysterious man also attacks Bijua before running away. The criminal gang try to kill Bijua but he escapes after a fight. Geeta meets him and helps him by giving him a hanky and some milk from her flask.

Ramesh being chased by police, Bijua Pakiri and the criminal gang attempts to fake his death. Geeta believing his death to be real comes to the waterfall where he committed suicide and learns that he is not really dead. They both go one of the villas owned by Geeta's father, and make a secret stay there. Bijua confronts them and threatens to kill Ramesh but is tamed by the very pleading words of Geeta. He instead promises to help Ramesh out of the situation. Both Bijua and Ramesh don disguises to roam about in public, to search for Mala and with her prove his innocence. But, they are chased by police and are lead to a comic encounter where they sing a song for a dance by Savitri. Later, Mala and Babu drive a car together and develop romantic feelings for one another. When Ramesh and Bijua get to know this, they try to use their relationship to get the truth out of Mala. But their plan backfires.

After this, the mysterious man (Gemini Ganesan) appears secretly inside Ramesh's car promising to help him. He accepts that he is a police officer when asked, and says he knows that Ramesh is innocent. But leaves when Bijua and Babu enter the car. Men from the criminal gang disguise as policemen and "arrest" Ramesh whom they intend to murder at a safe spot. However, with the help of his friends Ramesh escapes.
Later, the same mysterious man appears once again, and meets Ramesh once again to tell him that he knows Mala well and also Bijua is planning to give off Ramesh to the criminal gang, for money. Ramesh, believes him and starts to avoid Bijua, telling him that he now knows his true colours.

When Mala is forced by Jumboo, the gangleader, to fly abroad, she is confronted by the still mysterious man who forces her to give him the diary, failing which she would end up in jail. But she is shot by a shadowy figure, who is then chased by the mysterious man. But, Bijua gets hold of the diary after coming there. Ramesh learns of the death of Mala and becomes sad. Jumboo arrives there and Bijua confronts him, now asking for twice the earlier amount for the diary and the life of Ramesh.

Bijua takes Ramesh with him to prove his innocence, after pleading with Ramesh and Geeta for a long time. They arrive at a cave on a hill. There Bijua tries to sell Ramesh and the Diary for the agreed sum, apparently betraying Ramesh. The mysterious man arrives at the scene to whom Ramesh explains the situation.

When the mysterious man tries to act his police disguise there, Bijua reveals he is Mr.Prakash, the true leader of the crime gang and he himself is Inspector Sekar of Vigilance Branch. With this information both Prakash and Ramesh are startled. After some talk an elaborate fight and chase scene, Mr.Prakash drives a boat that crashes into a rock fatally killing him. Ramesh is proven innocent through the information in the diary.

Bijua (now Inspector Sekar) attends the marriage of Ramesh and Geeta in full inspector uniform. The film ends with Babu receiving a prize sum from Police Department for his help in the case.

References
 http://www.jointscene.com/movies/Kollywood/Vallavanukku_Vallavan/4972

Category:1965 movies
Category:Mystery movies
Category:Thriller movies

Vallavanukku Vallavan


Lionel George Logue (26 February 1880 – 12 April 1953) was an Australian speech therapist, scientist, and stage actor who successfully treated King George VI, who had a pronounced stammer.

Lionel George Logue was born in College Town, Adelaide, South Australia on 26 February 1880. Logue was married to Myrtle Gruenert from 1907 until her death in 1945. They had three children.

Before he ascended the throne, Albert, Duke of York hated public speaking because he suffered from a severe stammer. His closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925 proved that the speaker and listeners alike. The experience left the Duke resolved to find a way to manage his stammer, so he engaged Logue in 1926.

Diagnosing poor co-ordination between the Duke's larynx and thoracic diaphragm, Logue prescribed a daily hour of vocal exercises. Logue's treatment gave the Duke the confidence to relax and avoid tension-induced muscle spasms. As a result, he suffered only the occasional hesitancy in speech. By 1927, he was speaking confidently and managed his address at the opening of the Old Parliament House in Canberra without stammering.

Logue worked with the Duke through the 1930s and 40s. He used tongue-twisters to help his patient rehearse for major speeches, his coronation, and his radio broadcasts to the British Empire throughout the Second World War. The two men remained friends until the King's death.

Logue died in London, England on 12 April 1953, aged 73 from natural causes. His funeral was held on 17 April 1953 in Holy Trinity, Brompton before his body was cremated.

He was played by actor Geoffrey Rush in Tom Hooper's 2010 movie, ''The King's Speech.

References

Other websites
"Lionel Logue 'never swore in front of King George VI'", BBC Radio Leicester
 Bowen, C. (2002). Lionel Logue: Pioneer speech therapist. Retrieved 1 January 2011

Category:1880 births
Category:1953 births
Category:Deaths from natural causes
Category:Australian stage actors
Category:Scientists from South Australia
Category:Educators
Category:People from Adelaide

Lionel Logue


Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth, or simply Professor, is a fictional character in the American television series Futurama voiced by Billy West and created by Matt Groening.

Farnsworth is the mad scientist of the Planet Express delivery service. He is the great (×30) nephew of Philip J. Fry. He sometimes acts between intelligence and amoral senility due to his greatly advanced age. He shows intelligence of any field of science necessary for the series' plots, and is thought to be one of the most brilliant inventors on Earth.

However, he falls asleep constantly, and he is implied to have routinely sent his former crews on suicide missions.

His character is influenced by Frank Morgan and Burgess Meredith. Farnsworth's design has been compared to a combination of Mr. Burns, Grampa Simpson, and Professor Frink from Matt Groening's other series, The Simpsons.

References

Category:Television characters

Professor Farnsworth


The medial collateral ligament (often known as the tibial collateral ligament, or abbreviated to MCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee.

Other websites
 The KNEEguru – an educational site with much knee content with sections on medial collateral ligament injuries

Category:Skeletal system

Medial collateral ligament


Maryhill Estates is a city of Kentucky in the United States.

Category:Cities in Kentucky

Maryhill Estates, Kentucky


Princess Jasmine is a fictional character of in the movie Aladdin.

Life
Jasmine was born in Agrabah, in the royal Palace. She lived surrounded by all kinds of luxuries and comforts, and she had as her only friend the tiger Rajah. She lost her mother early in life (when not mentioned) and, hence, was educated by her father, the Sultan. She was happy until the day that the Sultan tried to force her to marry before her 16th birthday.

Unhappy about being forced to marry, Jasmine fled the palace. In the streets, she finds out that Aladdin is arrested for stealing. Later, Jafar takes the control of the city of Agrabah, reducing Jasmine to the position of a slave. Aladdin arrives and defeats Jafar. Jasmine realizes that she loves Aladdin and the two decide to marry. She has since married and has become queen.

Category:Disney characters
Category:Fictional princesses

Princess Jasmine


Ashburton is a town near the A38 road in Devon, England. In 2001 there were 3,909 people living in Ashburton.

References

Category:Towns in Devon

Ashburton


Carmelita Pope (April 15, 1924 – April 3, 2019), also known by her stage name Carla Dare, was an American actress. She was best known for her roles in stage productions. In 1947, she appeared in the Broadway play A Streetcar Named Desire. She also acted in television series such as General Hospital, Days of Our Lives, They Stand Accused, Down You Go and The Amazing Spider-Man.

Pope was born in Chicago, Illinois. She was a childhood friend of actor siblings Jocelyn and Marlon Brando. She was married twice and had two sons. She lived in Boise, Idaho.

Pope died on April 3, 2019, at the age of 94.

References

Other websites

Category:1924 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Actors from Chicago
Category:American movie actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American television actors

Carmelita Pope


Profondeville is a municipality in the Belgian province of Namur.

In 2007, 11424 people lived there.

It is at 50° 22 North, 04° 52 East.

References

Category:Municipalities of Namur

Profondeville


The protractor is a tool used to measure angles in degrees. It usually has marks with labels of the degrees.

Category:Geometry
Category:Measuring tools

Protractor


Giovanni da Palestrina (born Palestrina, (c.1525 – February 2, 1594 in Rome) was a very important Italian composer of church music of his time.  He lived in the period called the Renaissance.  Most of his music was choral (written for choirs).  It is very polyphonic.  This means that the different voices (sopranos, altos, tenors or basses) are often singing different words and different parts of the tune at the same time.  Many composers since have studied the way that Palestrina wrote, because this is an excellent way to learn to write contrapuntal music.

Palestrina took his name from the town where he was born.  We are not sure of the exact date of his birth.  Any records of his birth were destroyed when the town burned in 1577.  He was probably a choirboy in Palestrina.  When he was grown up he got a job as organist and choir director at the Roman basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore.  He was not earning much money, but he married a lady who came from a very rich family, so he was comfortably off.  Pope Julius III heard about how good this young composer was.  He asked him to come and meet him.  He was given the job of master of the Capella Juliana, the choir that sang at the services in St Peter’s, Rome.  This was the top job in Italy and he was only 26.   Of course, Palestrina composed a mass in the pope’s honour.

Palestrina composed 93 masses (these are musical settings of the words of the communion service).  He also wrote motets and madrigals.  Palestrina and Lassus were the two greatest composers of the late Renaissance.

Category:Italian composers
Category:Renaissance composers
Category:1525 births
Category:1594 deaths

Giovanni da Palestrina


Anhanguera, which means 'Old Devil', was a pterodactyl from the Upper Cretaceous. It was found in the Santana Formation of Brazil, and specimens from England are also placed in this genus.

It ate fish and grew to 14 feet (4.5 meters) across. The species Anhanguera piscator is now placed in the genus Coloborhynchus.

Category:Pterosaurs

Anhanguera


Henry John Hill Jr (June 11, 1943 - June 12, 2012) was an American mafioso. He was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City. His mother was Sicilian and his father was Irish. Hill was a member of the Mafia from 1955 until he went into the Witness Protection Program in 1980. He later left the Program. He was a violent robber, extortionist and drug dealer. He was a compulsive gambler and drug addict who served prison sentences. He married Karen (née Friedman) in 1965. The couple had a son and daughter and divorced in 2002. Hill died in hospital in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 69. Hill's children survive him.

Hill's life was the basis of Nicholas Pileggi's book Wiseguy. This was later used as the basis for movie Goodfellas, in which Ray Liotta played Hill.

References

Category:1943 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:American robbers
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Category:Criminals from New York City
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Drug dealers
Category:Mobsters

Henry Hill


A hypnic jerk, hypnagogic jerk or sleep twitch sometimes happens when a person is falling asleep. It is an involuntary movement, that is, not done on purpose. It may cause them to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment.

Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called myoclonus. Such movements do occur in healthy people. They have been associated with causes such as irregular sleep patterns or stress. Certain substances such as caffeine may also cause them.

Category:Sleep

Hypnic jerk


Season 9 of SpongeBob SquarePants began on July 21, 2012. It was the first season in widescreen high definition.

Previous season: 8

Next season: 10

Episodes

Season 9
Category:2012 television seasons
Category:2013 television seasons
Category:2017 television seasons

SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)


{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 443668448
|   Name = Bisphenol A
|   ImageFile1_Ref =
| ImageFile1 = Bisphenol A.svg
|   ImageSize1 = 240px
|   ImageFile2 = Bisphenol A.png
|   ImageSize2 = 180px
|   ImageName = Bisphenol A
|   IUPACName = 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol
|   OtherNames = BPA, p,p-isopropylidenebisphenol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane.
| Section1 =
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}}Bisphenol A (BPA''') is an organic compound which has two phenol functional groups. It is used to make polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins, and other things.

Scientist discovered in the mid 1930s that people and animals react to BPA in the same way that they react to hormone (oestrogen-like effects.) Some stores stopped selling products made with BPA in 2008 because government reports said BPA was not safe for humans. Many news stories wrote about BPA safety.

A 2010 report from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said that contact with BPA could hurt fetuses (unborn children), infants and young children. In September 2010, Canada became the first country to say that BPA was a toxic substance. In the European Union and Canada, BPA cannot be used to make baby bottles.

Health effects
Bisphenol A damages the way hormones regulate (control) the human body (endocrine disruptor). BPA can pretend to be the body's own hormones. BPA may cause health problems. Very young children are most sensitive to BPA. Some studies have shown that there is a link (connection) between BPA exposure before birth (prenatal) and later problems of the nervous system. Health organizations have decided how much BPA (in a substance) is safe for people. But new studies have caused other scientists and health organizations to disagree with these decisions.  A 2011 study that investigated the number of chemicals to which pregnant women in the U.S. are exposed found BPA in 96% of women.

In 2009, The Endocrine Society said it was worried about current human exposure to BPA.

In 2011, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency's chief scientist said "the evidence [is] that BPA is rapidly absorbed, detoxified, and eliminated from humans – therefore is not a health concern."

Expert panel conclusions
In 2007, 38 experts on bisphenol A wrote a consensus statement which said average levels in people are above those that cause harm to many animals in laboratory experiments.  However, the experts noted that 1) BPA is not persistent in the environment or in humans, 2) biomonitoring surveys indicate that exposure is continuous, 3) it is hard to use acute animal exposure studies to estimate daily human exposure to BPA, and 4) no studies that had examined BPA pharmacokinetics in animal models had followed continuous low level exposures. The measurement of BPA levels in human serum and other body fluids suggests that either BPA intake is much higher than previously thought or that BPA can bioaccumulate in some conditions such as pregnancy, or both.  A 2011 study, the first to examine BPA in a continuous low level exposure throughout the day, did find an increased absorption and accumulation of BPA in the blood of mice.

In 2007, 153 government-funded BPA experiments on lab animals and tissues found adverse effects and 14 did not.  In contrast,  all 13 studies funded by chemical corporations reported no harm. The studies indicating harm reported a variety of deleterious effects in rodent offspring exposed in the womb: abnormal weight gain, insulin resistance, prostate cancer, and too much mammary gland development.

A panel convened by the U.S. National Institutes of Health in 2007 determined that there was "some concern" about BPA's effects on fetal and infant brain development and behavior. The concern over the effect of BPA on infants was also heightened by the fact that infants and children are estimated to have the highest daily intake of BPA. A 2008 report by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) later agreed with the panel, expressing "some concern for effects on the brain, behavior, and prostate gland in fetuses, infants, and children at current human exposures to bisphenol A," and "minimal concern for effects on the mammary gland and an earlier age for puberty for females in fetuses, infants, and children at current human exposures to bisphenol A." The NTP had "negligible concern that exposure of pregnant women to bisphenol A will result in fetal or neonatal mortality, birth defects, or reduced birth weight and growth in their offspring."

References

Other websites

 Plastic Not Fantastic with Bisphenol A (www.scientificamerican.com)
 US FDA statement on bisphenol A from 2008

 Hazard in a bottle Attempt to regulate BPA in California defeated (from The Economist'')
 Bisphenol-A News & Products News commentary on BPA Containing Products

 How to Protect Your Baby from BPA (Bisphenol A)

 ChemSub Online : Bisphenol A.

Category:Hormones

Bisphenol A


Sangha-Mbaéré is one of the 16 prefectures of the Central African Republic.  Its capital is Nola.

Category:Prefectures of the Central African Republic

Sangha-Mbaéré


West Point is a city in Clay County, Mississippi. It is in the eastern part of the state near the Alabama border. There were 11,307 people living in West Point at the 2010 U.S. census.

Category:Cities in Mississippi
Category:County seats in Mississippi

West Point, Mississippi


Osmanville is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

Category:Communes in Calvados

Osmanville


DeWitt County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 20,097 people lived there. The county seat is Cuero.

Category:Texas counties

DeWitt County, Texas


The Bert Diaries are a series of novels written in the form of a diary. They are by Swedish writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson. The main character is a teenager named Bert Ljung. Ljung lives in Öreskoga, a fictional town in Sweden, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first book was published in 1987. Bert and his friends also have a pop/rock band, the Heman Hunters.

A TV series was made in 1994. It is directed by Tomas Alfredson and Svante Kettner. It was followed by a movie in 1995, also directed by Alfredson. In late-July 2016 the recording of a new Bert film was announced.

Between 1993 and 2002, and comic book, FF med Bert, was published Between 1992 and 1999, comic albums were published.

List of books

Old version
Berts dagbok (Bert's Diary) - 1987, new edition in 1993
Bert och brorsorna (Bert and the Brothers) - 1995
Bert och Boysen (Bert and the Boys) - 1996
Bert och bacillerna (Bert and the Coodies) - 1997
Berts första betraktelser (Bert's First Reflections) - 1990
Berts vidare betraktelser (Bert's Further Reflections) - 1991
Berts ytterligare betraktelser (Bert's Additional Reflections) - 1991
Berts bravader (Bert's Exploits) - 1991
Berts bekännelser (Bert's Confessions) - 1992
Bert och badbrudarna (Bert and the Bath Chicks) - 1993
Berts bekymmer (Bert's Worries) - 1994
Berts bryderier (Bert's Embarrassments) - 1995
Berts befrielse (Bert's Liberation) - 1996
Bert och beundrarinnorna (Bert and the Admirers) - 1997
Bert Babyface (Bert Babyface) - 1998
Berts bokslut (Bert's Closure) - 1999

New version
Bert och kalla kriget (Bert and the Cold War) - 2005
Bert och Heman Hunters (Bert and the Heman Hunters) - 2006
Bert + Samira = Sant? (Bert + Samira = True?) - 2007
Bert Badbojen (Bert the bath boy) - 2008
Bert och ryska invasionen (Bert and the Russian Invasion) - 2009
Bert och datadejten (Bert and the Computer Date) - 2010
Bert och friheten (Bert and Freedom) - 2011
Bert får scenskräck (Bert gets stage fright) - 2012
Bert och frestelsen (Bert and the temptation) - 2012
Berts fejsbok (Bert's Facebook) - 2013
Bert och skrynkliga tanten (Bert and the wrinkled lady) - 2014

References

Other websites
 De populära Bertböckerna!
 Böckerna om Håkan Bråkan

Category:Children's literature

Bert Diaries


Bond girls are female characters in James Bond movies, books and video games. They play the love interest of Bond. There are no set rules on what kind of role a Bond girl plays. Some examples of Bond girls are Solitaire, Tatiana Romanova, and Vivienne Michel.

Bond girls are usually aged in their early-to-mid 20s, about 10 years younger than Bond. Their normal dress is conventional without much jewellery. The dress style, however, varies.  Halle Berry's was a character in Die Another Day.

There have been only two movies in which Bond falls in love with the Bond girl. The most recent of them was Casino Royale in 2006, where Bond falls in love with Vesper Lynd.

Ursula Andress played the character Honey Ryder in Dr. No (1962). Others who were Bond girls are Gemma Arterton and Rosamund Pike.

Category:Movie characters
Category:James Bond

Bond girl


Grand Mound is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Category:Cities in Iowa

Grand Mound, Iowa


A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country (a sovereign state or a dependent territory).

List of ccTLDs

* Only for legal registered domains

A
 .ac — Ascension Island*
 .ad — Andorra
 .ae — United Arab Emirates
 .af — Afghanistan
 .ag — Antigua and Barbuda*
 .ai — Anguilla
 .al — Albania
 .am — Armenia*
 .an — Netherlands Antilles
 .ao — Angola
 .aq — Antarctica
 .ar — Argentina
 .as — American Samoa*
 .at — Austria*
 .au — Australia
 .aw — Aruba
 .ax — Åland Islands
 .az — Azerbaijan

B
 .ba — Bosnia and Herzegovina
 .bb — Barbados
 .bd — Bangladesh
 .be — Belgium*
 .bf — Burkina Faso
 .bg — Bulgaria
 .bh — Bahrain
 .bi — Burundi*
 .bj — Benin
 .bl — Saint Barthélemy
 .bm — Bermuda
 .bn — Brunei
 .bo — Bolivia*
 .br — Brazil*
 .bs — Bahamas*
 .bt — Bhutan
 .bv — Bouvet Island (not in use; no registrations)
 .bw — Botswana
 .by — Belarus
 .bz — Belize*

C
 .cat — Catalonia
 .ca — Canada
 .cc — Cocos (Keeling) Islands*
 .cd — Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly .zr — Zaire)*
 .cf — Central African Republic
 .cg — Republic of the Congo*
 .ch — Switzerland*
 .ci — Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)*
 .ck — Cook Islands*
 .cl — Chile
 .cm — Cameroon
 .cn — People's Republic of China*
 .co — Colombia
 .cr — Costa Rica
 .cu — Cuba
 .cv — Cape Verde
 .cx — Christmas Island*
 .cy — Cyprus
 .cz — Czech Republic

D
 .de — Germany
 .dj — Djibouti*
 .dk — Denmark*
 .dm — Dominica
 .do — Dominican Republic
 .dz — Algeria

E
 .ec — Ecuador*
 .ee — Estonia
 .eg — Egypt
 .eh — Western Sahara (not assigned; no DNS)
 .er — Eritrea
 .es — Spain*
 .et — Ethiopia
 .eu — European Union (code "exceptionally reserved" by ISO 3166–1)

F
 .fi — Finland
 .fj — Fiji*
 .fk — Falkland Islands
 .fm — Federated States of Micronesia*
 .fo — Faroe Islands
 .fr — France

G
 .ga — Gabon
 .gb — United Kingdom (Reserved domain by IANA; not used — see .uk)
 .gd — Grenada*
 .ge — Georgia
 .gf — French Guiana
 .gg — Guernsey
 .gh — Ghana
 .gi — Gibraltar
 .gl — Greenland*
 .gm — Gambia
 .gn — Guinea
 .gp — Guadeloupe
 .gq — Equatorial Guinea
 .gr — Greece*
 .gs — South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands*
 .gt — Guatemala
 .gu — Guam
 .gw — Guinea-Bissau
 .gy — Guyana

H
 .hk — Hong Kong*
 .hm — Heard Island and McDonald Islands*
 .hn — Honduras*
 .hr — Croatia
 .ht — Haiti
 .hu — Hungary*

I
 .id — Indonesia
 .ie — Ireland
 .il — Israel*
 .im — Isle of Man*
 .in — India
 .io — British Indian Ocean Territory*
 .iq — Iraq
 .ir — Iran*
 .is — Iceland*
 .it — Italy

J
 .je — Jersey
 .jm — Jamaica
 .jo — Jordan
 .jp — Japan

K
 .ke — Kenya
 .kg — Kyrgyzstan
 .kh — Cambodia
 .ki — Kiribati
 .km — Comoros
 .kn — Saint Kitts and Nevis
 .kp — North Korea
 .kr — South Korea
 .kw — Kuwait
 .ky — Cayman Islands
 .kz — Kazakhstan*

L
 .la — Laos*
 .lb — Lebanon
 .lc — Saint Lucia
 .li — Liechtenstein*
 .lk — Sri Lanka
 .lr — Liberia
 .ls — Lesotho*
 .lt — Lithuania
 .lu — Luxembourg
 .lv — Latvia*
 .ly — Libya*

M
 .ma — Morocco
 .mc — Monaco
 .md — Moldova*
 .me — Montenegro*
 .mg — Madagascar
 .mh — Marshall Islands
 .mk — Republic of Macedonia
 .ml — Mali
 .mm — Myanmar
 .mn — Mongolia*
 .mo — Macau
 .mp — Northern Mariana Islands*
 .mq — Martinique
 .mr — Mauritania
 .ms — Montserrat*
 .mt — Malta
 .mu — Mauritius*
 .mv — Maldives
 .mw — Malawi*
 .mx — Mexico*
 .my — Malaysia
 .mz — Mozambique

N
 .na — Namibia*
 .nc — New Caledonia
 .ne — Niger
 .nf — Norfolk Island*
 .ng — Nigeria
 .ni — Nicaragua
 .nl — Netherlands*
 .no — Norway
 .np — Nepal
 .nr — Nauru*
 .nu — Niue*
 .nz — New Zealand*

O
 .om — Oman

P
 .pa — Panama
 .pe — Peru
 .pf — French Polynesia
 .pg — Papua New Guinea
 .ph — Philippines*
 .pk — Pakistan*
 .pl — Poland*
 .pm — Saint Pierre and Miquelon
 .pn — Pitcairn Islands*
 .pr — Puerto Rico*
 .ps — Palestine*
 .pt — Portugal*
 .pw — Palau
 .py — Paraguay

Q
 .qa — Qatar

R
 .re — Réunion
 .ro — Romania*
 .rs — Serbia*
 .ru — Russia*
 .rw — Rwanda

S
 .sa — Saudi Arabia
 .sb — Solomon Islands*
 .sc — Seychelles*
 .sd — Sudan
 .se — Sweden*
 .sg — Singapore
 .sh — Saint Helena*
 .si — Slovenia
 .sj — Svalbard and Jan Mayen islands (not in use; no registrations)
 .sk — Slovakia
 .sl — Sierra Leone
 .sm — San Marino*
 .sn — Senegal
 .so — Somalia* (down, still is delegated to Monolith [ml.org] Philadelphia, an entity defunct since end—1998)
 .sr — Suriname*
 .st — São Tomé and Príncipe*
 .su — Soviet Union (deprecated; being phased out; code "transitionally reserved" by ISO 3166–1)
 .sv — El Salvador
 .sy — Syria*
 .sz — Swaziland*

T
 .tc — Turks and Caicos Islands*
 .td — Chad
 .tf — French Southern Territories
 .tg — Togo*
 .th — Thailand*
 .tj — Tajikistan*
 .tk — Tokelau*
 .tl — East Timor (formerly .tp)*
 .tm — Turkmenistan*
 .tn — Tunisia
 .to — Tonga*
 .tp — East Timor (deprecated — use .tl; code "transitionally reserved" by ISO 3166–1)
 .tr — Turkey
 .tt — Trinidad and Tobago*
 .tv — Tuvalu*
 .tw — Taiwan*
 .tz — Tanzania

U
 .ua — Ukraine
 .ug — Uganda*
 .uk — United Kingdom (code "exceptionally reserved" by ISO 3166–1) (see also .gb)
 .um — US Minor Outlying Islands (code terminated)
 .us — United States*
 .uy — Uruguay
 .uz — Uzbekistan

V
 .va — Vatican City
 .vc — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines*
 .ve — Venezuela
 .vg — British Virgin Islands*
 .vi — United States Virgin Islands
 .vn — Vietnam
 .vu — Vanuatu*

W
 .wf — Wallis and Futuna
 .ws — Samoa* (formerly Western Samoa)

Y
 .ye — Yemen
 .yt — Mayotte
 .yu — Yugoslavia

Z
 .za — South Africa*
 .zm — Zambia
 .zw — Zimbabwe

Related pages
 Country code

Category:Top-level domains
Category:Country codes

Country code top-level domain


The short-tailed shearwater (Ardenna tenuirostris, formerly Puffinus tenuirostris) is a migratory seabird of the Procellariidae family. It breeds in Tasmania and south-eastern Australia.. It can also be called yolla or moonbird, and is commonly known as the muttonbird in Australia.

References

Category:Birds of Australia
Category:Procellariiformes
Category:Seabirds

Short-tailed shearwater


Closing the Ring is a 2007 British romantic-drama movie directed by Richard Attenborough. It stars Shirley MacLaine, Christopher Plummer, Mischa Barton, Gregory Smith, and Pete Postlethwaite. It was released to mixed reviews on December 28, 2007.

Category:2007 movies
Category:British romantic drama movies
Category:Movies set in the 1990s
Category:Movies set in the 1940s
Category:Movies directed by Richard Attenborough

Closing the Ring


Röthenbach can mean:
 in Germany:
 in Bavaria:
 Röthenbach an der Pegnitz, a city
 Röthenbach (Allgäu), a municipality

 in Switzerland:
 in Berne:
 Röthenbach im Emmental, a municipality
 Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee, in the municipality of Heimenhausen, canton of Berne

Röthenbach


A silversmith is a person who makes things out of the element silver or creates silverware. Silversmiths are similar to goldsmiths, who make things out of gold or things similar to gold. Silversmithing means making something out of silver. There have been silversmiths since ancient times.

References

Category:Occupations

Silversmith


Thomas Edward Nissalke (July 7, 1932 – August 22, 2019) was an American professional basketball coach. He worked for the National Basketball Association and American Basketball Association.  He coached several teams in both leagues, and had an overall coaching record of 371–508. He worked for the Houston Rockets, San Antonio Spurs and the Utah Jazz. Nissalke was born in Madison, Wisconsin.

Nissalke died on August 22, 2019 at his home Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 BasketballReference.com: Tom Nissalke

Category:1932 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:National Basketball Association coaches
Category:Sportspeople from Wisconsin
Category:People from Madison, Wisconsin

Tom Nissalke


Wilson Lake is a reservoir in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is on the border of Russell County and Lincoln County. It was built and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for flood control. It is also used for wildlife management and recreation. Several parks are along its shoreline, including Wilson State Park.

History
The Corps of Engineers planned, designed, and built Wilson Dam. They completed it in 1964 for $20 million.

Geography
Wilson Lake is at  (38.9401464, -98.5567638) at an elevation of . It is in north-central Kansas in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Most of Wilson Lake is in Russell County. A small part of its southeastern part goes into Lincoln County.

The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by Wilson Dam. The dam is at  (38.9666777, -98.4947876) at an elevation of . The Saline River is the reservoir's main inflow of water from the west. It is also the reservoir's main outflow to the east. Smaller tributaries include Elm Creek, which flows from the south into the western part of the reservoir, and Hell Creek, which feeds the reservoir's southeastern arm.

Kansas Highway 232 goes north-south along the reservoir's eastern shore. It also goes across the top of Wilson Dam. Shoreline Road, a paved county road, goes east-west parallel to the southern shore. It crosses the reservoir's southeastern part.

Hydrography
The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir changed based on inflow and local climate. When the reservoir is full, it has a surface area of , a surface elevation of , and a volume of .

Infrastructure
Wilson Dam is a dam that has a floor made of rock and soil. It is  tall and  long.

References

Other websites
 Wilson Lake, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Wilson State Park, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism
 Wilson Wildlife Area, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism

Category:Geography of Kansas
Category:Lakes of the United States

Wilson Lake (Kansas)


The Arab Revolt were Arab tribes who fought against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Since the British Empire was also fighting against the Ottomans, they gave the Arabs military support. Many of the Arab Revolt wanted to create a unified country for Arabs. However, this did not come true and the Arab world would be instead be made into many different countries.

Category:Ottoman Empire
Category:World War I

Arab Revolt


Bruno Tomberg (born 29 March 1925, Pärnu) is an Estonian interior architect, designer, one of the foundation-layers of Estonian design education, and a Professor Emeritus at the Estonian Academy of Arts (EAA).

Education and working experience
Bruno Tomberg was born in Pärnu, but in the year 1929 he moved to Tallinn with his family. There he graduated secondary school in 1944, after which he started to attempt architecture studies at Tallinn Polytehnic Institute, these studies remained short-temp. He commenced studies in autumn of 1945 at Tallinn State Institute of Applied Arts in the specialty of spatial and furniture design. Looking back, he has confirmed that the teachings  of two great men - Kuusik and Velbri - were a very efficient mis in acquiring professional skills. Tomberg's teaching career at the institute began in 1949, ,when Kuusik trusted him the position of an assistant at the Chair and his primary task were to supervise project graphics. Later he also helped with general composition lectures and practical trainings. In 1950 Tomberg graduated from the department as interior architect (Photograph from the graduation). His participation in teaching decreased for a while, when the Chair of Spatial and Furniture Design was temporarily closed. Thereafter he worked for eight years at the design studio of the ARS art manufacture, mainly designing various interiors. After the restoration of the Spatial Design Chair in 1964 he returned to teaching position and mostly supervised diploma theses. All together he has supervised 62 theses.

The curriculum was updated and, along with artistic expression, the studies started to focus on functionality and steadfast logic related to the floorplans. Based on the tastes of the era, the Nordic countries, which were appealing for their crispness, awareness of materials and practicality, set the example. If we examine the student projects, we see that the graduates from the 1960s and 1970s represent the most daring, and extremely professional approach, that is, the projects that were completed while Tomberg, Tamm, Asi and Pärtelpoeg were on the faculty.

The talented and intelligent Bruno Tomberg was was first seen as Kuusik and Velbri’s successor; however, he started to be strongly attracted to design, and in 1966, established the respective department.

The Beginning of the Department of Design
In 1966 Bruno Tomberg put together the Design Chair at the art institute. The first students of industrial art began their studies in the autumn of 1966, under the aegis of the Department of Interior and Furniture Design, using their facilities, resources and to some extent even their professors. Structurally, they were part of the Faculty of Architecture.

This discipline did not appear out of nowhere and without necessary preparations. According to Bruno Tomberg’s memories, re received a proposition to assume leadership of the new subject from Vice Rector Peeter Tarvas. At the end of 1950s, the need for the training of specialists was beginning to be appreciated in both Estonia and different centres of the Soviet Union.

The basis for and centre of the design curriculum was the architectonics programme developed by Tomberg, which proceeded from line and surface to three-dimentional structures. This was inspired by 20th-century modernism. The assignments grew more complex over time, starting with a simple everyday object and progressing to complete environments.

In 1970, Tomberg emphasised: ‘’The Institude considers it neccessary to supply thr young artists of this discipline with maximum fantasy, to proceed from the assumption that nothing will limit the execution of their designs.’’

In 1982, Bruno Tomberg resigned his position as the head of the Department of Industrial Art and Associate Professor Udo Ivask took over. In 1988-1993 Tomberg was the Head of the Design Department. He ihas been a professor since 1979.

Social design idea
Tomberg alway thought about design from the social aspect. Soon, the idea of social design started to emerge along with global problems, such as pollution, the gap between the developed and the Thind World, and Tomberg’s leading principle: ‘’ethical credo’’. From the beginning, the students of design were filled with discontent of the status quo, a need to intervene, in belief in themselves and the knowledge that design could assist in solving social problems. Tomberg’s passionate speeches did not leave anyone indifferent: the issues he raised and example he provided were etched into memory. His main ideas became more and more pronounced: ‘’Now that we have gotten to know design better with the students, I can see only one possible programme for the department: movement towards design supplemented by the moral, social and political responsibility that working in this discpiline demants from the author.’’

The primary example among design schools was Bauhaus: both the teaching system and the ideas represented by this school caught interest.

Bruno Tomberg’s phenomenon, at least in teaching, was based on his personal charisma: even though the unrealistic nature of his ideas was sense, the seriousness of his views was clear. The reputation of the department of design and high self-esteem of the design students, was strongly based on the passion and broad view that Tomberg represented. Although his writings are not particularly consistent theoretically, they still have a clear social message.

Space and Form
Exhibition activity was also an important part of the development of the department of design. In parallel with the formation of the speciality at ERKI, the the first three Space and Form exhibitions took place, which were curated by Tomberg, among others

List of creations

Interiors
 1950-1951 Furniture and interior project for the apartment of the Turkish writer Hazim Hikmet (Collaboration with Edgar Velbri)
 1961 Sales room project for the Art Fund of USSR, Moscow, Kutuzov prospect

Exhibition designs

 1950-1951 Estonian Pavillion at the All-Union Exhibition of Agriculture in Moscow (Collaboration with Maia Oselein, Maimu Plees, Linda Ratasepp)
 1960 Estonian exhibition of applied art in Helsinki Exhibition Hall
 1963 Exhibition on National Economy's Achievements of the Estonian SSR, Moscow
 1964 Estonian exhibition of applied art in Leningrad
 1965 Jubilee exhibition of the Baltic SSRs in Moscow (Collaboration with Taevo Gans and Mait Summatavet)
 1967 USSR Art Fund exhibition space in Moscow

Furniture
 1960 Seats. Wood, cord. (Designed for serial production)
 1965 Chess furniture (Designed for serial production)

Objects
 1974 Volta radiator Tempo-2

Awards
 1965 Estonian SSR-honored artist
 2005 White Star III Class Order
 2008 Kristjan Raud Prize

Personal life
Sicnce 1955 Bruno Tomberg is married to textile designer Mall Tomberg.

References

Other websites
example.com

Category:Living people
Category:1926 births

Bruno Tomberg


Deborah Jo Hunter (also known as Hunter Tylo; born July 3, 1962 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American actress. She works mostly in television soap operas. Her first appearance was in All My Children in 1985. She was fired three years later. She played Taylor Hayes in The Bold and the Beautiful. She also acted in other television programs.

Other websites

Hunter Tylo Official Site
Hunter Tylo's Charity

Hunter Tylo on the Net
Retinoblastoma International

Category:Actors from Texas
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people

Hunter Tylo


is a Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Ryutsu Keizai University||rowspan="2"|Football League||11||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||0
|-
|2006||6||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Tokyo||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|Shonan Bellmare||||||||||||||||
|-
|2012|||||||||||||||||
17||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
17||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|}

References

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture

Nobuyuki Abe (footballer)


Écurie is a commune. It is in Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.

Related pages
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department

References
 INSEE commune file

Other websites

 Écurie on the Quid website

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Écurie


Rye is a type of grass, usually grown as a grain or forage crop (meaning that it is fed to animals). It is a member of the wheat family of plants and is similar to wheat and barley. It is used to make flour, food for animals, and many types of alcoholic drinks.

History
Rye has not always been a plant humans can use. It was originally a wild plant. There are several wild plants in Turkey that are similar to rye.

Since the Middle Ages, rye has been used widely in Central and Eastern Europe. In these parts of the world, it is still one of the main ingredients in making bread. However, the number of people and businesses using rye is becoming lower. Rye is usually sold to buyers near to where it is grown.

Science
Rye can be planted to feed animals or can be harvested for hay (dry grass). Rye is a strong plant that can survive in soil with a high or low pH. This means it can survive even if the soil is very acidic or alkaline. Other plants may struggle to survive in these pH levels.

Uses for humans
Rye bread, including pumpernickel. This is a popular bread in north and east Europe. It has advantages for a person's health, such as having a lower amount of gluten than wheat.
Alcoholic drinks, such as rye whiskey.

Category:Grains

ar:شيلم

Rye


Frederic William Henry Myers (1843 – 1901) was a classical scholar, poet, philosopher, and past president of the Society for Psychical Research.

Education
Frederic William Henry Myers was educated at Cheltenham College, and Trinity College, Cambridge where he received a B.A. in 1865.

Research
In 1900 Myers was president of the Society for Psychical Research.

In 1903, after Myers death, Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death was compiled and published. It was two large books at 1,360 pages in length, which presented an overview of Myers' research into the unconscious mind.

Frederic Myers had a big influence on William James, Pierre Janet, Théodore Flournoy and Carl Jung.

Related pages
William James
Irreducible Mind

References

Category:1843 births
Category:1901 deaths
Category:English poets
Category:Parapsychologists

Frederic William Henry Myers


Biberbrugg is a village in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Biberbrugg is shared by the municipalities of Einsiedeln in the district of Einsiedeln and Feusisberg in the district of Höfe.

Other websites

Category:Villages in Schwyz

Biberbrugg


Mount Ruapehu is an active volcano on North Island, New Zealand. It is located in Taupo, New Zealand. It last erupted in September 2007.

History
In 1948, an airplane crashed into the volcano. All the people in the airplane died.

References

Category:Volcanoes of Oceania
Category:Mountains of New Zealand

Mount Ruapehu


Pardies is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Pardies

Pardies


Fernando Rodríguez Serena (28 January 1941 – 15 October 2018) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a midfielder. Serena was born in Madrid. He played for Real Madrid for five years, and was a part of their European Cup winning squad in 1966.

He earned one cap for the Spanish National Team. Serena also played for CA Osasuna, Elche CF, and UE Sant Andreu.

Serena died of complications from Parkinson's disease on 15 October 2018 in Madrid at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

 National team data at BDFutbol

Category:1941 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Category:Sportspeople from Madrid
Category:Spanish footballers

Fernando Serena


Lucy-sur-Yonne is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

References
INSEE

Category:Communes in Yonne

Lucy-sur-Yonne


The Brandon Wheat Kings are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Brandon, Manitoba. They compete in the Western Hockey League, and joined the league in the 1967–68 season. Prior to that they played in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League and were known as the Brandon Elks for a short time in the 1940s. They won 8 Turnbull Cup Championships as Manitoba Junior Champions, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1960, 1962, 1963,  & 1964 and appeared in the Memorial Cup five times: in 1949 (as an MJHL team), 1979, 1995, 1996 and 2010, losing each time.  The team plays its home games in Westman Communications Group Place (Keystone Centre). They also played at Wheat City Arena until 1969, and the Manex Arena from 1969 to 1972. Starting in 1973, the Wheat Kings owned and operated a farm team in the MJHL, called the Travellers.

An earlier incarnation of the Wheat Kings played for the Stanley Cup in 1904, but lost to the Ottawa Senators.

The 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings won the Abbott Cup defeating the Calgary Buffaloes. They went on to lose the Memorial Cup to the Montreal Royals. The 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category.

The Wheat Kings hold the CHL record for most points (125) in a single season, setting the mark in 1978–79.

The Western Hockey League announced on October 16, 2008, that the Wheat Kings were chosen to host the 2010 Memorial Cup championship at the Keystone Centre. They reached the final game, losing to the Windsor Spitfires.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Team records

NHL alumni

Notes

References
 2005–06 WHL Guide

Other websites
 Official website of the Brandon Wheat Kings
 1949 Brandon Wheat Kings at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

Category:1967 establishments in North America
Category:Canadian Hockey League teams
Category:Ice hockey teams in Canada
Category:Western Hockey League
Category:1960s establishments in Sweden

Brandon Wheat Kings


Hazelton is a city in Idaho in the United States.

Category:Cities in Idaho
Category:Jerome County, Idaho

Hazelton, Idaho


Yama is the god of death in Hinduism.

In Japan he is called "Enma" and "Great King Enma".

Category:Hindu gods and goddesses
Category:Buddhist gods and goddesses

Yama


The Test of English as a Foreign Language, or TOEFL, is a test which measures people’s English language skills to see if they are good enough to take a course at university or graduate school in English-speaking countries. It is for people whose native language is not English but wish to study in an international University. It measures how well a person uses listening, reading, speaking and writing skills to perform academic tasks. This test is accepted by more than 10 000 colleges, universities, and agencies in more than 150 countries; which means it is the most widely recognized English test in the world.

The format of the TOEFL test has been changed three times. The first was the PBT (paper-based TOEFL test). It tests listening, reading and grammar skills with a perfect score being 677. Some centers where computers are not available still offer this format. The second format is the CBT (computer-based TOEFL test). People are each provided with a computer to take the test. A writing section was added as well as the three sections. The level of listening and grammar skills are automatically changed depending on a person’s English level. The third change is the iBT (Internet-based test) that is being brought in around the world which measures listening, speaking, reading and writing.

There are three procedures that people are following to take the test. First it is decided where and when you are going to
take the test because the format of the test could be either iBT or CBT depending on location. People need to register 2–3 months in advance to get a place. Second is registration in person, online, by phone, or through email. Online registration is most common and payment will be required to complete the registration. The cost changes depending on what kind of exam is taken.

As more universities and colleges want a TOEFL more people are wanting to do the test. In Korea in 2010, nearly 115,000 people took the test to demonstrate their ability in English. This was 20% of the total for people doing the test. It is considered as one of the ways for middle or high school students to apply for the high ranked domestic universities. By studying at such an advanced level, it could help to improve their English skills to get high scores in other English exams..

Related pages
 TOEIC
 IELTS - International English Language Testing System

References
 Bluemarbles (in Korean)
 Cafe Naver (in Korean)
 Gohackers.com (in Korean)
 TOEFL Internet Based Test
 Naver.com (in Korean)
 TOEFL website
 TOEFL (in Korean)

Category:Tests

TOEFL


Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 - January 15, 1994) was an American singer-songwriter.

Nilsson was born in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York City. His paternal grandparents were Swedish.

His biggest hits were during the late 1960s and the 1970s. His songs include "Me And My Arrow", "Coconut", "Cuddly Toy", "Spaceman", and "One". "One" was also a hit for the band Three Dog Night. Nilsson's two most famous songs were "Without You" and "Everybody's Talkin'". These songs were  written by other people. "Without You" has been re-recorded many times by other singers. It was written by Peter Ham and Tom Evans of Badfinger. "Everybody's Talkin'" was used in the 1969 movie Midnight Cowboy. The song was written by Fred Neil.

Nilsson recorded a tribute to The Beatles on his first album. He used lines from fifteen of their songs in one cover version of "You Can't Do That". Derek Taylor, who worked for the Beatles, sent them copies of the album, and Nilsson became a friend of the band. He later shared a house with John Lennon and Ringo Starr. They worked together on each other's music.

Nilsson also wrote a cartoon movie named The Point!. It was broadcast on ABC. It was about tolerance and diversity. The Point! was later turned into a musical. One production of the musical starred former Monkees Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones. The Monkees had recorded two of Nilsson's songs, "Cuddly Toy" and "Daddy's Song", after they met him through producer Chip Douglas.

Nilsson died of heart failure in Agoura Hills, California.

The movie You've Got Mail uses several of Nilsson's songs in its soundtrack.

Category:Singer-songwriters from New York
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
Category:Deaths from heart failure
Category:Singers from New York City
Category:1941 births
Category:1994 deaths

Harry Nilsson


Preamplifier is a type of electronic amplifier. It doesn't have enough power to feed speakers. Rather a preamplifier amplifies weak signals, for example from a microphone, for electronic processing or distribution.

Early preamplifiers used vacuum tubes. Since the 1960s, most electronic amplifiers have been built with transistors. Transistors are lighter, less expensive, and more reliable.

Related pages

 Amplifier

Category:Electronic musical instruments
Category:Electronics
Category:Audio technology

Preamplifier


Red Lobster is a casual dining type of restaurant. The first one opened in March 1968 in Lakeland, Florida. The chain serves seafood, chicken, steak and pasta. There are more than 700 Red Lobster locations world-wide.

Category:American restaurants
Category:1968 establishments in the United States

Red Lobster


The Chantels was an American female African-American music group. They performed rhythm and blues starting in 1957 and ending in 1970. The first single by the group was "He's Gone", released in 1957. Later that year, the song "Maybe" was released. In mid January 1958 it was at #15 on the Billboard Hot 100.

This group had five members. Arlene Smith was the leader. One of the musicians, Jackie Landry Jackson, died during 1997. The Chantels' 1958 single "I Love You So" was in the 1989 movie Look Who's Talking.

Other websites
Official website

Category:American girl groups
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1970
Category:American R&B bands
Category:1957 establishments in the United States
Category:1970 disestablishments in the United States
Category:Musical groups established in 1957

The Chantels


Bellagio is a small town on the shores of Lake Como in northern Italy. The southern part of Lake Como is split into two branches by a peninsula. The peninsula is shaped like a triangle. Bellagio is on the northern tip of the peninsula. In 2017 about 3,700 people lived in Bellagio. The Ancient Romans called the town Bilacus.

Twin towns
Bellagio is twinned with:

References

Other websites

Category:Settlements in Lombardy

Bellagio


John Roger Roberts, Baron Roberts of Llandudno (born 23 October 1935), is a Welsh Liberal Democrat politician, Methodist minister, and life peer. He was for many years President of the Welsh Liberals, and later, the Welsh Liberal Democrats. In 2004, he became a member of the House of Lords.

References

Category:1935 births
Category:Living people
Category:Welsh politicians


Shun Morishita (born 11 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kyoto Sanga.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||1||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2006||2||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||1||0||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||9||0||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
13||0||3||0||5||0||1||0||22||0
13||0||3||0||5||0||1||0||22||0
|}

References
Kyoto Sanga

Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Mie Prefecture

Shun Morishita


The Arizona Diamondbacks are a Major League Baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They were started in 1998. They play their home games at Chase Field. In 2001, they beat the New York Yankees to win their first (and only, so far) World Series, becoming the fastest new team to do this.

The team is also called the "D-Backs". They are named for the Diamondback Rattlesnake.

References

Category:Sports in Phoenix, Arizona
Category:1998 establishments in the United States
Category:1990s establishments in Arizona

Arizona Diamondbacks


Stijn, Baron Coninx (born 21 February 1957 in Neerpelt, Belgium) is a Belgian movie director.  He is best known for the movie Daens. He was made a Baron by King Albert II of Belgium. He studied movie directing at HRITCS.

Filmography

Director
 Servais (1980), his university finals movie
 Surfing (1982), short movie
 Hector (1987)
 Koko Flanel (1990)
 Daens (1992) (nominated for an Academy Award)
 When the Light Comes (Licht) (1998)
 Further Than the Moon (Verder dan de maan) (2003)
 To Walk Again (2007), documentary.
 Soeur Sourire (2009)

Assistant director
 Het Beest (1982)
 Zaman (1983) (credited as Stijn Coninckx)
 Wildschut (1985) (Stronghold in the United States)
 De Leeuw van Vlaanderen (1985)
 Skin (1987)
 Blueberry Hill (1989)

Television work
 Het Peulengaleis (1999) TV series
 Nefast voor de feestvreugde'' (2001, 2002, 2003) TV series

References

 Stijn Coninx - Film information from the Belgium government site belgium.be

Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belgian movie directors
Category:Belgian nobility
Category:People from Limburg (Belgium)

Stijn Coninx


A natural satellite in astronomy is a smaller body which moves around a larger body. The smaller body is held in orbit by gravitation. The term is used for moons which go around planets, and it is also used for small galaxies which orbit larger galaxies.

Bodies which orbit planets are called moons. They vary in size. The Earth has only one moon. Some other planets have many moons, and some have none. When people write just "the moon", they are usually talking about the moon of the Earth. Earth's moon is written with a capital letter, Moon. The Latin word for the moon is luna, which is why the adjective used to talk about the moon is "lunar". For example, lunar eclipse.

Anything that goes around a planet is called a satellite. Moons are natural satellites. People also use rockets to send machines into orbit around the Earth. These machines are called artificial (man-made) satellites.

Earth's moon

Moons do not make their own light. We can see the Earth's moon because it acts like a mirror, and reflects the light of the Sun.  The same half of the moon faces toward Earth at all times, no matter where it moves. But different parts of the moon are lit up by the Sun, so it looks different at different times of the month. This change as seen from Earth is called the phases of the moon, or lunar phases.

A moon's cycle is the time the moon takes to change from looking very bright and round to looking very small and thin, and then back to bright and round again. In the case of the Earth's moon, this is about four weeks. It does this about 13 times in one year. The moon's cycle is about 28 days, a bit shorter than a calendar month.

The Apollo 11 mission helped Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first people to walk on the Moon. They did this on July 20, 1969.

Orbits
The orbit of a moon or other satellite is affected by two forces: gravity, and the centripetal force.
For example, the Earth's moon is kept in orbit by the gravitational pull from the Earth. This is also the way the Earth is attracted to the Sun, and stays in its orbit. The orbit of the Earth's moon actually causes the tides and waves on Earth.

Moons of moons

No moons that belong to moons have been found. In most cases, the tidal effects of the main body would make such as unstable.

However, math completed after the recent finding  of a possible ring system around Saturn's moon Rhea show that Rhean orbits would be stable. Also, the rings are thought to be narrow, something that is known with shepherd moons.

Asteroid moons
The finding of 243 Ida's moon Dactyl in the early 1990s was the proof that some asteroids have moons; indeed, 87 Sylvia has two. Some, such as 90 Antiope, are double asteroids with two same-sized parts.

Moons of the Solar System
The biggest moons in the Solar System (those bigger than about 3000 km across) are Earth's moon, Jupiter's Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), Saturn's moon Titan, and Neptune's captured moon Triton.

The following is a table grouping the moons of the solar system by diameter. The column on the right has some notable planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and Trans-Neptunian Objects for comparing.  It is normal for moons to be named after people from mythology.

Planets that have moons
Planets in our Solar System that have moon(s):
 Earth, 1 moon
 Mars, 2 moons
 Jupiter, 67 moons
 Saturn, 62 moons
 Uranus, 27 moons
 Neptune, 14 moons

Dwarf planets that have moons
 Eris, 1 moon
 Pluto, 5 moons
 Haumea, 2 moons

Planets not known to have moons
Planets in our Solar System that do not have moons:
 Mercury
 Venus
 Makemake (dwarf planet)
 Ceres (dwarf planet)

Galaxies
Galaxies are found in groups called galaxy clusters which are also held together by gravitation. Our own Milky Way is the second largest galaxy in our Local Group (the largest is Andromeda). Many smaller galaxies and star clusters are also held in the Local Group, outside the two main galaxies. They are all in orbits round one of the centres of gravity. That means most of them move round either Andromeda or the Milky Way. so it seems natural for astronomers to use the term 'satellite' for these as well.

Our Local Group is itself part of an even larger group, the Virgo Supercluster. There are other, even larger, groups of galaxies: see the Great Wall for an example.

References

Natural satellite


On November 19, 2018, a mass shooting took place at the Mercy Hospital and Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois. An attending physician, a pharmaceutical assistant, a Chicago Police officer and the perpetrator were killed.

Local authorities identified the suspect as a 32-year-old man who was killed by police. The perpetrator was discovered within the hospital at around 3:20 p.m. and shot in the head.

References

Category:2018 in Illinois
Category:2018 mass shootings
Category:2018 murders in the United States
Category:2010s in Chicago
Category:2010s mass shootings in the United States
Category:November 2018 events

Mercy Hospital shooting


Two Rivers is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 11,712 at the 2010 census. It is known for having the first ice cream sundae created and sold. It is located along Lake Michigan.

References

Category:Cities in Wisconsin

Two Rivers, Wisconsin


The Israeli Premier League (, Ligat Ha'Al, literally Super League; also known as Ligat Toto) is a the first division association football league in Israel. It was created in 1999, replacing Liga Leumit as the top division. The Liga Leumit is the second division.

In the 2016–17 season, there were 14 Teams in Israeli Premier League. The winner of the league in each season is named the Ligat Winner ().

Members for 2011–12
The following 16 clubs will compete in the Israeli Premier League during the 2011–12 season.

a: Never been relegated from the Israeli Premier League
b: One of the original 14 Israeli Premier League teams

Statistics

Most titles

References

Other websites
  IPFL
 Israel Football Association
 Ligat Al Soccerway

Category:Football leagues
Category:Football in Israel
Category:1999 establishments in Asia
Category:1990s establishments in Israel

Israeli Premier League


Neil John Taylor (born 7 February 1989 in St Asaph, Clwyd, Wales) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a defender. He currently plays for the Premier League club Swansea City and the Wales national football team. He has also played for Manchester City and Wrexham. He is mother is from India, and he is one of the few British Asians in professional football. He was included in Wale's squad for the UEFA Euro 2016.

Other websites

Neil Taylor profile at Swansea City A.F.C.

References

Category:1989 births
Category:Welsh footballers

Neil Taylor (footballer)


Ismaïl Aissati (born 16 August 1988) is a Dutch football player. He plays for Ajax.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|PSV Eindhoven||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||17||2
|-
|2006/07||10||1
|-
|2006/07||Twente||Eredivisie||14||1
|-
|2007/08||PSV Eindhoven||Eredivisie||16||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||9||1
|-
|2009/10||||
66||5
66||5
|}

References

Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dutch footballers
Category:People from Utrecht (city)
Category:Sportspeople from Utrecht (province)

Ismaïl Aissati


Police state is a country where activities of its people are controlled by the government with the help of a strong police force. Many times these governments use a secret police unit to supervise and limit their citizens' activities. Judicial review in a police state either doesn't exist or is regularly manipulated by government officials.

Related pages
 Separation of powers

References

Category:Law
Category:Government
Category:Politics

Police state


The 1988 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1988 and ended on November 30, 1988. However tropical cyclone can form outside these dates for example, Tropical Depression One formed on May 30. This season was active with 19 depressions. This season was damaging and it featured the strongest storm known at the time, Hurricane Gilbert.

Storms
Tropical Depression One
Tropical Storm Alberto
Tropical Storm Beryl
Tropical Depression Four
Tropical Depression Five
Tropical Depression Six
Tropical Storm Chris
Hurricane Debby
Tropical Storm Ernesto
Tropical Depression Ten
Hurricane Florence
Hurricane Gilbert
Unnamed Tropical Storm
Hurricane Helene
Tropical Depression Fifteen
Tropical Storm Isaac
Hurricane Joan
Tropical Depression Eighteen
Tropical Storm Keith

Storm names
This list is the name that were set aside for the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season. The name lists repeat every six year and the only way the names are changed is if a name is retired. This list is the same as the list in 1982 because no names were retired in 1982.

Retired names
In the spring of 1989 Gilbert and Joan were replaced by Gorden and Joyce in 1994, however it 1994 Joyce was not used because of 1994's low activity.

1988
Atlantic hurricane season

1988 Atlantic hurricane season


McGregor is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Category:Cities in Iowa

McGregor, Iowa


Chessel is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  It is found in the district of Aigle.

References

Chessel

Chessel


Pine nuts are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus). About 20 species of pine produce seeds large enough to be worth harvesting. Other pines have edible seeds too small to be useful as a human food.

Pine nuts have been eaten in Europe and Asia since the Paleolithic period. They are often added to meat, fish, salads and vegetable dishes or baked into bread. In Italian they are called pinoli. They are an essential part of Italian pesto sauce.

Pine nuts can be pressed to extract pine nut oil, which is valued for its mild, nutty flavour. The large edible seeds of the Southern Hemisphere conifer genus Araucaria produce nuts rather like pine nuts.

References

Other websites

Category:Foods
Category:Edible nuts and seeds

Pine nut


{{Infobox Album |
  Name        = Motion in the Ocean | type = Album | artist = McFly | cover = | released = November 6, 2006, May 14th, 2007 (Special Edition) | recorded = | genre = Pop punk | length = 56:28 / 59:20 (Tour Edition) | label = Island | producer = Julian Emery, Jason Perry |
  Reviews     =
Allmusic  link
The Guardian  link
Planet Sound (3/10) | prev_title = Wonderland(2005) | next_title = All the Greatest Hits(2007)| misc =
}}
 Motion in the Ocean'' is McFly's third album. It was released in the United Kingdom on November 6, 2006.

Category:2006 albums
Category:McFly albums

Motion in the Ocean


is a Japanese football player.

Early life
Fujiyama was born in Sakurajima, Kagoshima.

Club career statistics
Fujiyama plays for Consadole Sapporo.

|-
|1992||rowspan="7"|Tokyo Gas||rowspan="7"|Football League||18||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||1
|-
|1993||17||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|1994||30||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1995||29||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||3
|-
|1996||30||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|-
|1997||29||1||6||0||colspan="2"|-||35||1
|-
|1998||28||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||31||2
|-
|1999||rowspan="11"|Tokyo||J. League 2||35||1||4||0||8||0||47||1
|-
|2000||rowspan="10"|J. League 1||30||0||1||0||2||0||33||0
|-
|2001||30||0||0||0||4||0||34||0
|-
|2002||20||0||1||0||5||0||26||0
|-
|2003||12||0||2||0||4||0||18||0
|-
|2004||18||0||3||0||7||0||28||0
|-
|2005||15||0||2||0||1||0||18||0
|-
|2006||17||1||2||0||1||0||20||1
|-
|2007||32||0||3||0||7||0||42||0
|-
|2008||15||0||4||0||6||0||25||0
|-
|2009||4||0||1||0||1||0||6||0
|-
|2010||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
409||13||39||0||46||0||494||13
409||13||39||0||46||0||494||13
|}

References

Category:1973 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture

Ryuji Fujiyama


Guelders or Gueldres (, ) is the name of a historical county. This became a duchy (lands ruled by a duke or duchess) of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Low Countries.

Geography
The duchy was named after the town of Geldern (Gelder) in what is now called Germany. The present province of Gelderland (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands occupies most of the area. However, the former duchy also included parts of the present Dutch province of Limburg and the territories in the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were acquired by Prussia in 1713.

The duchy had four special parts, which had their own centres:
 the quarter of Roermond, also called the Overkwartier (Upper Quarter) or Upper Guelders. This was upstream on both sides of the Maas. It included the town of Geldern as well as Erkelenz, Goch, Nieuwstadt, Venlo and Straelen;
and was separated from the Lower Quarters (Gelderland):
 the quarter of Zutphen, also called the Achterhoek. This was east of the IJssel and north to the Rhine. It included towns like Doesburg, Doetinchem, Groenlo and Lochem;
 the quarter of Arnhem, also called the Veluwe. This is west of the IJssel and north to the Rhine, with Elburg, Harderwijk, Hattem and Wageningen;
 the quarter of Nijmegen, also called the Betuwe. This part is south of the Rhine and north to the Maas (in between the rivers). It included Gendt, Maasbommel, Tiel and Zaltbommel.

History

First mention
The county was first mentioned in about 1096, when Gerard III of Wassenberg was first documented as "Count of Guelders". It was then in the territory of Lower Lorraine, in the area of Geldern and Roermond. Its main stronghold was at Montfort (built 1260). Count Gerard's son Gerard II in 1127 got the County of Zutphen in northern Hamaland by marriage. In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders became larger very quickly downstream along the sides of the Maas, Rhine, and IJssel rivers. It even claimed the lands in the Duchy of Limburg. In 1288, it lost the Battle of Worringen against Berg and Brabant.

Guelders was often at war with its neighbours. Not only with Brabant, but also with the County of Holland and the Bishopric of Utrecht. Its territory did not only grow because of its success in warfare, it also did very well in times of peace. William II, count of both Holland and Zeeland, gave Nijmegen in use to Guelders in return of a loan. However he was not able to repay the debts, so these lands became integral parts of Guelders.

Independent Guelders and the Habsburg Netherlands
In 1339 Count Reginald II of Guelders became a duke as ordered by Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Wittelsbach. When Reginald died without an heir in 1371, William I of Jülich inherited Guelders. In 1423 Guelders passed to the House of Egmond. Duke Adolf was fighting with his father Arnold about the inheritance of the land. Arnold came under pressure from the Burgundian duke Charles the Bold, who put him in prison in 1471. When Arnold died in 1473, Duke Charles added Guelders to his Burgundian Netherlands.

The last independent Duke of Guelders was Adolf's son Charles of Egmond (1492-1538). He increased the size of the duchy northward, and included what is now the Province of Overijssel. He left the duchy to Duke William the Rich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in his will. However, he was not able to hold on to it and Emperor Charles V of Habsburg soon moved in. Guelders finally lost its independence, when it was united with the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands in 1543.

Spain and the Dutch Revolt of the 1560s
Charles V stood down in 1556. He decided that the territories of the Burgundian Circle should be part of the monarchy of Spain. The northern Netherlands stood up against King Philip II of Spain in the Dutch Revolt. The three northern quarters of Gelderland joined the Union of Utrecht and became part of the United Provinces when the 1581 Act of Abjuration was agreed. Only the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Netherlands.

The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713. The Spanish Upper Quarter was again divided between Prussian Guelders (Geldern, Viersen, Horst, Venray), the United Provinces (Venlo, Montfort, Echt), Austria (Roermond, Niederkrüchten, Weert), and the Duchy of Jülich (Erkelenz).

In 1795 Guelders was conquered and incorporated by the French First Republic. It was divided between the départements of Roer and Meuse-Inférieure.

Coat of arms of Guelders
The coat of arms of the region changed during the ages.

Other websites

 Geldern-Heinsberg
House of Egmont
Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Northern Part
Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Southern Part

Category:States of the Holy Roman Empire
Category:History of Belgium
Category:History of Germany
Category:Gelderland
Category:North Rhine-Westphalia
Category:1096 establishments
Category:1795 disestablishments

Guelders


Fifth Harmony is an American girl group formed on the US version of The X Factor in 2012. The members are Ally Brooke, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui, Normani, and Camila Cabello. Cabello left the group in December 2016, while the remaining members announced that they were taking a break in 2018 to go after their own career.

They are famous for performing the songs "Boss", "Sledgehammer", and "Worth It" from their first album Reflection (2015), as well as "Work From Home", "All In My Head (Flex)", and "That's My Girl" from their second album 27/7 (2016).

Career

2012–2014: Group creation and first EP

Ally Brooke, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui, Normani, and Camila Cabello auditioned on the second season of the US version of The X Factor on July 27, 2012, failing to make it past the "Teens" and "Young Adults" categories. They were eventually brought back by the judges, and became a five person girl group on July 7. They eventually came third on the show on December 20, losing to second-place winner Carly Rose Sonenclar, and winner Tate Stevens.

On January 17, 2013, The X Factor creator Simon Cowell signed them to his record label, Syco Music, along with Epic Records. The group performed covers of famous songs on YouTube, before releasing their extended play, Better Together on October 22. They performed on stadium tours for Cher Lloyd and Demi Lovato, as well as performing at smaller concerts. They also began recording songs for their first studio album in 2014, which would eventually be known as Reflection.

2015–2016: Album releases and Cabello's exit

Fifth Harmony's first album Reflection was released on February 3, 2015, where it sold 80,000 copies in the first week and reached number five on the Billboard 200 chart. The third single on the album, "Worth It" was the most successful song, peaking at number twelve on the Billboard Hot 100.

On September 23, the group announced work on a second album, eventually called 7/27. On February 26, 2016, the album's first single, "Work From Home" was released, which peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. 7/27 was released on May 27, selling 74,000 copies and peaking at number four on the Billboard 200.

On December 18, 2016, Camila Cabello announced that she would be leaving the group, alongside an official announcement from the group. The four members decided to still perform together in the meantime.

2017–2018: Third album and break
On May 29, 2017, the group released "Down" as the first song from their third album, Fifth Harmony, named after themselves. The album was released on August 25, and peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 chart. After touring, the group announced that each member wanted to separate and do their personal projects, causing them to go on a break for an unknown time period.

Musical style
Fifth Harmony is mainly a pop and R&B girl group. They have described their music as having a "retro feel" to it as well. The group lists the Spice Girls, Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston and Destiny's Child as their main influences. Lana Del Rey, Adele, Janet Jackson, Celine Dion, Taylor Swift, Brandy, Jennifer Lopez, Patti LaBelle, Cher Lloyd, Carrie Underwood, Jessie J, Beyoncé, Alicia Keys, Christina Aguilera, Selena, Celia Cruz, Demi Lovato, Ed Sheeran and Leona Lewis have inspired each member of the group.

Members and timeline

Tours
Headlining
 Harmonize America Mall Tour (2013)
 Fifth Harmony Theatre Tour (2013)
 The Worst Kept Secret Tour (2014)
 Fifth Times a Charm Tour (2014)
 The Reflection Tour (2015–2016)
 The 7/27 Tour (2016–2017)
 PSA Tour (2017–2018)
Supporting act
 Cher Lloyd – I Wish Tour (2013)
 Demi Lovato – The Neon Lights Tour (2014)
 Austin Mahone – Live on Tour (2014)

Filmography

Television

References

Category:American girl groups
Category:American musical groups
Category:2012 establishments in the United States

Fifth Harmony


A doll is a child's toy that looks like a baby or other human being. Dolls have been around since the beginning of human civilization, and have been made from many different types of materials, like stone, clay, wood, bone, cloth and paper, to porcelain, china, rubber and plastic.

While dolls are usually for children, they are also collected by adults, for remembering things from the past, their beauty, their historical importance or their financial value (being worth money). In ancient times, dolls were used as symbols of a deity (god), and played an important role in religious ceremonies and rituals.

Lifelike or anatomically correct dolls are used by health professionals, medical schools, and social workers to train doctors and nurses in different health procedures or to find out about cases of sexual abuse of children. Artists sometimes use jointed mannequins or ball-jointed dolls in drawing the human body. Action figures are types of dolls that represent superheroes and military people are particularly popular among boys. There are baby dolls, paper dolls, rag dolls, talking dolls, fashion dolls and many others.

Doll


In the Sanskrit language, purana means story of ancient times. For Hindus, a purana is a scripture that tells what happened in ancient times. Puranas tell about history, ancient Indian traditions, and what Hindus believe.

List of Puranas

Mahapuranas

Mahapurana means Great Story of Ancient Times in Sanskrit.

 Agni (15,400 verses)
 Bhagavata (18,000 verses)
 Bhavishya (14,500 verses)
 Brahma (24,000 verses)
 Brahmanda (12,000 verses; includes Lalita Sahasranamam, a text some Hindus recite as prayer)
 Brahmavaivarta (18,000 verses)
 Garuda (19,000 verses)
 Harivamsa (16,000 verses; more often considered itihāsa)
 Kurma (17,000 verses)
 Linga (11,000 verses)
 Markandeya (9,000 verses; includes Devi Mahatmyam, an important text for Shaktas)
 Matsya (14,000 verses)
 Narada (25,000 verses)
 Padma (55,000 verses)
 Shiva (24,000 verses)
 Skanda (81,100 verses)
 Vamana (10,000 verses)
 Varaha (10,000 verses)
 Vayu (24,000 verses)
 Vishnu (23,000 verses)

Category:Hinduism
Category:Hindu texts

Purana


Kim Clijsters (; born 8 June 1983)is a Belgian retired tennis player. She used to be ranked as the World No. 1. On 22 August 2011 she was ranked third in the world.

References

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belgian sportspeople
Category:Female tennis players
Category:World No. 1 tennis players

Kim Clijsters


Verdelais is a commune. It is in Aquitaine in the Gironde department in southwest France.

Related pages
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Other websites

Official site

Category:Communes in Gironde

Verdelais


Lope de Vega (also Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) (25 November 1562 – 27 August 1635) was a Spanish Baroque playwright and poet. His reputation in the world of Spanish letters is second only to that of Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequalled:
he is estimated to have written between 1,500 and 2,500 fully-fledged plays – of which some 425 have survived until the modern day – together with a plethora of shorter dramatic and poetic works.

He was "The Phoenix of Wits" and "Monster of Nature" by Miguel de Cervantes because he did so much work. Lope de Vega renewed the Spanish theatre when people were becoming interested in it. Along with Calderón de la Barca and Tirso de Molina, he improved Spanish theater. He is considered a great dramatist and his plays are often performed. He is also one of the famous Spanish poets and authors.

Life
Lope de Vega was born in Madrid to a non-notable family, who came to the capital from Valle de Carriedo in Cantabria recently. Félix de Vega, the bread winner of the family, was an embroiderer.

Category:1562 births
Category:1635 deaths
Category:Spanish poets
Category:Playwrights

Lope de Vega


Tulln is a district in Lower Austria, Austria. The administrative center is also named Tulln.

Municipalities
Suburbs, hamlets, and other subdivisions of a municipality are in .
 Absdorf

 Atzenbrugg

 Fels am Wagram

 Grafenwörth

 Großriedenthal

 Großweikersdorf

 Judenau-Baumgarten

 Kirchberg am Wagram

 Klosterneuburg

 Königsbrunn am Wagram

 Königstetten
 Langenrohr

 Michelhausen

 Muckendorf-Wipfing

 Sieghartskirchen

 Sitzenberg-Reidling

 Sankt Andrä-Wördern

 Tulbing

 Tulln an der Donau

 Würmla

 Zeiselmauer-Wolfpassing

 Zwentendorf

Category:Districts of Lower Austria

Tulln District


Bendejun is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France.

Category:Communes in Alpes-Maritimes

Bendejun


John Kevin Stitt (born December 28, 1972) is an American businessman, philanthropist and politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. Stitt is the 28th Governor of Oklahoma since 2019.

He is the founder and Chairman of Gateway Mortgage Group. He grew up in Norman, Oklahoma and graduated from Oklahoma State University.

He is a member of the Cherokee Nation.

References

Category:1970s births
Category:Living people
Category:American philanthropists
Category:Business people from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Category:Governors of Oklahoma
Category:US Republican Party politicians
Category:Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma

Kevin Stitt


Ornithischia is an order of beaked, herbivorous dinosaurs. They are known as the 'bird-hipped' dinosaurs because of their hip structure. However, birds actually descended from the 'lizard-hipped' dinosaurs, the Saurischia. The name "Ornithischia" means "bird-hipped," and birds also have pelvises in which the pubis points backwards.

An alternative name for the order is the Predentata, because all of them are beaked herbivorous dinosaurs. The beak is in front of the jaw-bone, the dentary, so it is a 'predentary'. The upper half of the beak is the 'premaxilla' on the end of the upper jaw. The beak is a key adaptation for cropping plants for their food.

Their original (basal) form of locomotion was bipedal. However, from early in their evolutionary history, they were capable of both bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion. Several groups became entirely quadrupedal.

The ornithischia has two sub-orders:
Thyreophora: the armoured dinosaurs: Ankylosaurs and Stegosaurs.
Cerapoda: the duck-billed and horned dinosaurs.

Related pages
Saurischia
Fabrosauridae
Heterodontosaur

References

Ornithischia


Microsoft Visual Studio is a set of programs or tools used to help write computer programs. It includes the tools for designing, coding the program, and fixing the bugs. This type of software is called an integrated development environment (or IDE). It means it has most of the tools necessary to write new programs.

References

Category:Computer programming

Microsoft Visual Studio