is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|Football League||26||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||4
|-
|1995||23||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|1996||J. League 1||7||0||0||0||1||0||8||0
56||5||1||0||1||0||58||5
56||5||1||0||1||0||58||5
|}

References

Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Kyoto Prefecture

Kozo Hosokawa


John Campbell Brown  (4 February 1947 – 16 November 2019) was a Scottish astronomer. He worked in solar physics. He worked at Astronomer Royal for Scotland, Regius Professor of Astronomy at the University of Glasgow, and honorary professor at both the University of Edinburgh and the University of Aberdeen.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1984.

Brown died on 16 November 2019 at the age of 72.

References

Category:1947 births
Category:Scottish people
Category:Astronomers
Category:2019 deaths

John Campbell Brown


The PlayStation Portable has firmware that can get an update. When one updates the firmware, the battery must be charged (to 3 bars, i.e. 60%), and the PSP should not be switched off. This may result in a brick and/or a constant startup BSOD or another screen "of death". As of August 10, 2011, the latest firmware is 6.60.

Version Chart

References

Portable system software

PlayStation Portable system software


Les Pineaux is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vendée department in the west of France.

Category:Communes in Vendée

Les Pineaux


The following is a list of rivers of Dominica.

 Anse Du Mé River
 Aouya River
 Balthazar River
 Barry River
 Batali River
 Beauplan River
 Belfast River
 Bell Hall River
 Belle Fille River
 Bellibu River
 River Bibiay
 Bioche River
 Blenheim River
 Boeri River
 Boetica River
 River Bouleau
 River Bway
 Canal River
 River Canari
 Canefield River
 Cario River
 Castle Bruce River
 Check Hall River
 River Claire
 Clarke's River
 Colihaut River
 Coulibistri River
 Crayfish River
 Demitrie River
 Delaford River
 Douce River
 Dublanc River
 Eden River
 Espagnole River
 Fond Figues River
 Geneva River
 River Gillon
 Good Hope River
 Hampstead River
 Indian River
 River Jack
 Lagon River
 Lagoon River
 Lamoins River (Lamothe River)
 La Ronde River
 Layou River
 Loubiere river
 Macoucheri River
 Mahaut River
 Mahaut River
 Malabuka River
 Mamelabou River
 Maréchal River
 Massacre River
 Matthieu River
 Melville Hall River
 Mero River
 Micham River
 North River
 River Ouayaneri
 Pagua River
 Penton River
 Perdu Temps River
 Picard River
 Point Mulâtre River
 River Quanery
 Rosalie River
 Roseau River
 Saint Joseph River
 Saint Marie River
 Saint Sauveur River
 Salée River
 Salisbury River
 Savane River
 River Subaya
 River Sarisari
 Taberi River
 Tarou River
 Thibaud River
 Torité River
 Toucari River
 Toulaman River
 Trois Pitons River
 White River (River Blanche)
 Woodford Hill River

References
 Map of Dominica
  GEOnet Names Server
 Water Resources Assessment of Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda, and St. Kitts and Nevis

Category:Dominica
Dominica
Dominica

List of rivers of Dominica


Howell Thomas Heflin (June 19, 1921 – March 29, 2005) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States Senate from Tuscumbia, Alabama.

Heflin was born on June 19, 1921 in Poulan, Georgia. He was raised in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Heflin studied at Birmingham-Southern College and at University of Alabama School of Law.

Heflin was married to Elizabeth Ann Heflin until his death in 2005. They had one son. Heflin died on March 29, 2005 in Sheffield, Alabama from a heart attack, aged 83.

References

Other websites

Oral History Interview with Howell Heflin from Oral Histories of the American South

Category:1921 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:American Methodists
Category:American military personnel of World War II
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:People from Tuscumbia, Alabama
Category:Politicians from Georgia (US)
Category:Purple Heart recipients
Category:United States senators from Alabama
Category:US Democratic Party politicians

Howell Heflin


Special administrative regions (SARs) are regions within Mainland China that have their own governments separate from the rest of China. As a result of this, they enjoy a high degree of freedom. The two SARs are Hong Kong and Macau, both were European colonies that got transferred to China during the 1990s.

Due to their new addition to the territory of China, Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution forms the legal foundation for the territories, as opposed to Article 30 which establishes the rest of China's territory.

Government System

The term used to refer to the government of Hong Kong and Macau is the phrase, "One country, two systems", coined by Deng Xiaoping in which the territories would be part of one country (China) but use two different systems of government (Hong Kong and Macau basic law) instead of the Communist system of the Chinese national government. This was done to prevent protest of the new government and a loss of freedom that citizens may attribute it to.

References

Category:Politics of China

Special administrative region


Yorklyn is a place in Delaware in the United States. It is in New Castle County, which is in the north part of the state. It is north of Wilmington.

Category:Cities in Delaware

Yorklyn, Delaware


Richard Darryl Zanuck (December 13, 1934  July 13, 2012) was an American movie producer. He won an Academy Award for Best Picture in 1989 for his work in Driving Miss Daisy. He has also won the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, and a Hollywood Film Award. Zanuck and David Brown were one of the most successful movie producers in Hollywood in the 1960s and in the 1970s.

Early life
Zanuck was born on December 13, 1934 in Los Angeles, California, to actress Virginia Fox and Darryl F. Zanuck. He was educated at Stanford University.

Personal life
Zanuck was married to Lili Gentle from 1958 until they divorced in 1968. Later he married Linda Harrison from 1969 until they divorced in 1978. Lastly he married Lili Fini Zanuck from 1978 until his death in 2012. He has two children.

Death
Zanuck died on July 13, 2012 from a heart attack in his Beverly Hills, California home. He is survived by his wife, they had no children. More than 130 people attended his funeral.

Some of his movies
 Compulsion (1959)
 The Sound of Music (1965)
 SSSSSSS (1973)
 Jaws (1975)
 Jaws 2 (1978)
 Cocoon (1985)
 Cocoon: The Return (1988)
 Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
 Rich in Love (1993)
 Chain Reaction (1996)
 Deep Impact (1998)
 True Crime (1999)
 Planet of the Apes (2001)
 Big Fish (2003)
 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005)
 Sweeny Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
 Alice in Wonderland (2010)
 Clash of the Titans (2010)
 Dark Shadows (2012)

References

Other websites

Category:1934 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:Academy Award winners
Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction
Category:Movie producers from Los Angeles, California

Richard D. Zanuck


is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2003||14||2||3||1||17||3
|-
|2004||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||Grulla Morioka||Regional Leagues||||||||||||
|-
|2005||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||9||1||0||0||9||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tochigi||rowspan="2"|Football League||11||2||0||0||11||2
|-
|2007||4||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Yokogawa Musashino||rowspan="2"|Football League||16||4||colspan="2"|-||16||4
|-
|2009||9||1||0||0||9||1
|-
|2010||Aries Tokyo||Regional Leagues||||||||||||
65||10||3||1||68||11
65||10||3||1||68||11
|}

References

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture

Tsuyoshi Kaneko


Zoji La () is a high mountain pass  in India. This pass is  above sea level, at 74.50 longitude and 34.17 latitude. The pass connects a valley of Kashmir with Ladakh. Different trade routes lad to Tibet, China and Central Asia. Renchen Shah of Leh entered Kashmir through this pass and became the monarch of the land in the 14th century. Mirza Haider Doughlat also advanced through thi pass to invade Kashmir. The old historical name of the pass was Shurji La meaning lord Shiva's mountain.

Category:Mountain passes of India

Zojila Pass


John Barron (24 December 1920 - 3 July 2004) was an English actor. Although Barron was a familiar face on British television from the 1950s, he is best remembered for his role in the BBC comedy The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, since 1976 until the series in 1979 playing CJ Perrin's overbearing boss.

John Barron


"The Grand Inquisitor" is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880). Ivan and Alyosha are brothers; Ivan questions the possibility of a kind, caring God. If there is a kind God, Ivan argues, why do people suffer, especially children?

"The Grand Inquisitor" is an important part of the novel and one of the most famous parts of it because of its ideas about humans and Gods, and because of its mysteriousness.

Dostoevsky's notebooks show that he had the idea of "The Grand Inquisitor" after he saw it in a play by Friedrich Schiller, Don Carlos (1785-1787).

Other websites

 Link to text of scene

Category:Books by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Category:Parables

The Grand Inquisitor


Robert Arthur Whitney Jr. (born July 27, 1935) is an American veterinarian and public health administrator. He served as acting Surgeon General of the United States from July to September 1993. He spent his career as a United States Public Health Service officer. Whitney was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He is a graduate of Oklahoma State University and Ohio State University.

References

Category:1935 births
Category:Living people
Category:American physicians
Category:Scientists from Oklahoma City
Category:Surgeon Generals of the United States
Category:Veterinarians

Robert A. Whitney


Noureddine Naybet (born 10 February 1970) is a former Moroccan football player. He has played for Morocco national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993/94||Nantes Atlantique||Division 1||34||1

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sporting Portugal||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||26||2
|-
|1995/96||28||3

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="8"|Deportivo La Coruña||rowspan="8"|La Liga||34||1
|-
|1997/98||31||4
|-
|1998/99||30||0
|-
|1999/00||25||0
|-
|2000/01||26||1
|-
|2001/02||24||2
|-
|2002/03||25||1
|-
|2003/04||16||1

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="2"|Premier League||27||1
|-
|2005/06||3||0
34||1
54||5
211||10
30||1
39||17
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||4||0
|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||8||0
|-
|1994||7||0
|-
|1995||3||0
|-
|1996||6||0
|-
|1997||7||2
|-
|1998||12||0
|-
|1999||7||0
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||8||0
|-
|2003||6||0
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
!Total||115||2
|}

References

Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:Moroccan footballers
Category:People from Casablanca

Noureddine Naybet


A golf course is where the game of golf is usually played. It is made up of a series of 'holes', each consisting of certain key areas. A teeing ground is used to start playing the hole. A Fairway is the area between the tee and the green, where the grass is kept short for ball play. The green (or putting green) is a closely mowed area of grass surrounding the hole. It has a flagstick so the golfer can see the hole at longer distances. The hole itself has a diameter of 4¼ inches (108mm). Other areas of a golf course are called hazards. These include sand hazards and water hazards. Hazards are designed to make the game more challenging.

A standard round of golf consists of playing eighteen holes. Many golf courses are designed with eighteen holes.  Some, however, only have nine holes, and the course is played twice per round.

References

Category:Golf

Golf course


"Pop! Goes the Weasel" is an English nursery rhyme and singing game.

There are many different versions of this song.

American versions include the following words:

All around the mulberry bush
The monkey chased the weasel
The monkey stopped to pull up his sock
Pop! Goes the weasel

There are many other American and English versions.

References

Category:Songs

Pop Goes the Weasel


Goran Jurić (born 5 February 1963) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Yugoslavia national team and Croatia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1982/83||rowspan="5"|Velež Mostar||rowspan="5"|First League||11||0
|-
|1983/84||32||1
|-
|1984/85||32||0
|-
|1985/86||30||0
|-
|1986/87||25||0
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="4"|Red Star Belgrade||rowspan="4"|First League||23||0
|-
|1988/89||26||0
|-
|1989/90||21||0
|-
|1990/91||8||0

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="3"|Celta Vigo||rowspan="2"|Segunda División||14||0
|-
|1991/92||30||1
|-
|1992/93||La Liga||32||0

|-
|1995/96||Croatia Zagreb||Prva HNL||1||0
|-
|1995/96||Hrvatski Dragovoljac||Prva HNL||9||0
|-
|1996/97||Zagreb||Prva HNL||10||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Croatia Zagreb||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||15||0
|-
|1997/98||23||0
|-
|1998/99||25||0
|-
|1999/00||21||0

|-
|2000||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||9||0

|-
|2000/01||Zagreb||Prva HNL||5||0
208||1
76||1
109||0
9||0
402||2
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1988||3||0
|-
|1989||1||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||5||0
|-
!Total||15||0
|}

References

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:Croatian footballers

Goran Jurić


The Leipzig Trade Fair is a major trade fair in Germany

Category:Economy of Germany
Category:Leipzig

Leipziger Messe


Woodleigh MRT Station (NE11) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It is along the North East MRT Line. The station is built on part of the former Bidadari Cemetery.

The station was built in 2003. It remained closed for 8 years, with the train passing through without stopping, until it opened in 2011 to facilitate for recent developments around the area

Timeline
20 June 2003: Station built
20 June 2011: Station opened along with Damai (PE7)

Former Codes
Formerly the code was: P5 (before opening)

Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations

Woodleigh MRT station


Klara Hitler (born Klara Pölzl, 12 August 1860 - 21 December 1907) was an Austrian woman. She was the widow of Alois Hitler and the mother of German dictator Adolf Hitler.

Family background and marriage
Klara was born in the Austrian village of Spital, Weitra, Lower Austria. Her father was Johann Baptist Pölzl and her mother was Johanna Hiedler. Either Hiedler's father, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, or his brother, Johann Georg Hiedler, was the biological father of Alois Hitler, the man she would later marry. It is presumed and accepted by most that the father was Johann Georg Hiedler. Klara and Alois were first cousins once removed.

In 1876, three years after Alois Hitler's first marriage to Anna Glasl-Hörer, Klara's uncle Alois had hired her as a household servant. She was 16 years old at the time. After the death of his second wife, Franziska Matzelsberger, in 1884, Alois and Klara were married on 7 January 1885 in a wedding held early in the morning at Hitler's rooms on the top floor of the Pommer Inn in Braunau. Alois then went to work for the day at his job as a customs official. Klara still called Alois "uncle" after the marriage. Their first son, Gustav, was born four months later, on 15 May 1885. Their second child, Ida, was born on 23 September 1886. Both infants died of diphtheria during the winter of 1886-1887. A third child, Otto, was born and died in 1887.

Adolf was born 20 April 1889, followed by Edmund on 24 March 1894 and Paula on 21 January 1896. Edmund died of measles on 28 February 1900, at the age of five. Klara's adult life was spent keeping house and raising children. According to Smith, Alois had little understanding or interest in raising children. Historian Alice Miller later wrote, "The family structure could well be characterized as the prototype of a totalitarian regime. Its sole, undisputed, often brutal ruler is the father. The wife and children are totally subservient to his will, his moods, and his whims; they must accept humiliation and injustice unquestioningly and gratefully. Obedience is their primary rule of conduct."

Klara was very devoted to her children. According to William Patrick Hitler, she was a typical stepmother to her stepchildren, Alois Jr. and Angela.

Klara was a devout Roman Catholic. She worshipped at church regularly with her children. Of her six children with Alois, only Adolf and Paula survived childhood.

Alois's and Klara's children were:

Gustav Hitler (born 10 May 1885, died of diphtheria on 8 December 1887 in Braunau am Inn)
Ida Hitler (born 23 September 1886, died of  diphtheria January 3, 1888 in Braunau am Inn)
Otto Hitler (born and died 1887 in Vienna, lived only 3 days)
Adolf Hitler (born 20 April 1889, committed suicide 30 April 1945), German dictator
Edmund Hitler (born 24 March 1894, Passau, died of measles, 28 February 1900, Leonding)
Paula Hitler (born 21 January 1896, died 1 June 1960), the last surviving member of Hitler's immediate family.

Later life and death
When Alois died in 1903, he left her a government pension. She sold the house in Leonding and moved with young Adolf and Paula to an apartment in Linz. Three or four years later, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. After many painful iodoform treatments given by her doctor, Eduard Bloch, Klara died at home in Linz from the toxic medical side-effects on December 21, 1907. Adolf and Paula were at her side.  Klara was buried in Leonding near Linz.

Adolf Hitler had a close relationship with his mother. He was crushed by her death and carried the grief for the rest of his long life. Bloch later recalled that, after Klara's death, he had seen in "one young man never so much pain and suffering broken fulfilled". Decades later, in 1940, Hitler showed gratitude to Bloch (who was Jewish) by letting him and his wife to leave Austria and go to the United States.

References

Category:1860 births
Category:1907 deaths
Category:Austrian Roman Catholics
Category:Cancer deaths in Austria
Category:Deaths from breast cancer
Category:Hitler family
Category:People from Lower Austria

Klara Hitler


Antonín Klimek (January 18, 1937 in Prague – January 9, 2005 in Prague) was a Czech historian. He wrote mainly about the Czechoslovakian First Republic.

Books
 1989 – Diplomacie na křižovatce Evropy
 1989 – Jak se dělal mír roku 1919
 1995 – Československá zahraniční politika 1918-1938 (with Eduard Kubů)
 1995 – Vítěz, který prohrál, generál Radola Gajda (with Petr Hofman)
 1996–98 – Boj o Hrad I, II
 1998 – Říjen 1918
 2001 – Velké dějiny zemí Koruny české - díl XIII. (1918-1929)
 2002 – Velké dějiny zemí Koruny české - díl XIV. (1929-1938)
 2003 – Vítejte v první republice

Category:Historians
Category:Czech people
Category:2005 deaths
Category:1937 births

Antonín Klimek


The library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, now part of Anatolia, Turkey. It was built in honor of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, known as Celsus.

Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth. Celsus was Consul in 92 AD, Governor of the Roman province of Asia in 115 AD, and a rich and popular local citizen. He was a native of nearby Sardis and amongst the first Greek men to become a consul in the Roman Empire. He is honoured both as a Greek and a Roman on the library itself.

The library was built by his son, Gaius Julius Aquila (Consul 110 AD), and completed in 135 AD.

The library was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus. Celsus is buried in a sarcophagus beneath the library, in the main entrance. which is both a crypt containing his sarcophagus and a sepulchral monument to him. It was unusual to be buried within a library or even within city limits, so this was a special honour for Celsus.

History
The library was built in Ephesus, a Greek city in Asia Minor.
The building is important as one of few remaining examples of an ancient Roman-influenced library. It also shows that public libraries were built not only in Rome itself but throughout the Roman Empire.

The interior of the library and all its books were destroyed by fire in the devastating earthquake that struck the city in 262. Only the facade survived. About 400 AD, the library was used for other purposes. The facade was completely destroyed by a later earthquake, likely in the late Byzantine period.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the facade was restored. It now serves as a prime example of Roman public architecture. The building had a single hall which faced east toward the morning sun, as Vitruvius advised, to benefit early risers. Beside the entrances are four pairs of Ionic columns on pedestals.  A set of Corinthian columns stands directly above the first set, adding to the height of the building. It is thought there once may have been a third set of columns.

This type of facade with inset frames and niches for statues is like that found in ancient Greek theatres,  and so is described as "scenographic".

References

Category:Libraries
Category:Ancient Rome
Category:Ancient Greece
Category:Buildings and structures in Turkey
Category:World Heritage Sites in Turkey

Library of Celsus


Le Donjon is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

References
 INSEE

Category:Communes in Allier

Le Donjon


Hanasaka-jiisan(花咲か爺）is a famous folk story of Japan.  The name means "old man who made flowers blossom".  The story became famous in Japan in the Edo Period (1603-1868).

Story

There was a kind-hearted old man, Hanasaka-jiisan, who grew cherry blossoms.  The old man and his wife had a white puppy.  One day, their dog barked, “Koko-hore-wan-wan,” (meaning "Dig here! Bark bark!") while digging in a field.  The old man dug up gold and made the old man very rich.  The old man was very happy.  The old man's neighbor saw the dog barking and watched as the old man dig up the treasure. The old couple’s neighbors were jealous of this.  So they stole the white puppy away, and ordered him to search for treasure. They beat him, then he went to search for treasure.  But they only found rubbish. So, then they killed the dog.  The old man was crushed with grief. The neighbor's gave the old man and his wife the dog's ashes.
Then, the dog appeared in the old man's dream.  The dog said, "Please scatter my ashes on the dead cherry blossom tree!"  The old man followed the dog's directions. Then, the dead cherry blossom tree came into full bloom.  The old man and his wife received great praise from a feudal lord passing by.

Category:Japanese folklore

Hanasaka Jiisan


Claudio Baggini (1 August 1936 – 25 September 2015) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop.

Baggini was born in Rome. He was became a priest on 14 June 1959. He served as the Bishop of Vigevano from 18 March 2000 until 12 March 2011. He resigned.

Baggini died on 25 September 2015 in Lodi at the age of 79.

References

Category:1936 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Italian Roman Catholics
Category:People from Rome
Category:Roman Catholic bishops

Claudio Baggini


The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) is an academic society. Members are professional applied linguists, language teachers, and other people interested in these topics. BAAL is in the United Kingdom. BAAL has more than 800 members. They meet at different places in the UK. The association publishes conference proceedings and a regular newsletter. It also gives scholarships to students. Tess Fitzpatrick, Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University, is the chair from 2015-2018.

BAAL's Annual Meeting happens every September in the UK. BAAL is part of the Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquee (International Association of Applied Linguistics, AILA). In the UK, it is a registered charity. BAAL meetings usually have a theme.The theme of the 40th conference at the University of Edinburgh was 'Technology, Ideology and Practice in Applied Linguistics'.

History
The association started in the 1960s. At that time, more people were becoming interested in the new science of modern linguistics and they were especially interested in practical results. One important area of applied linguistics is language teaching and learning. Also at this time, the European Union was becoming more important, so people in Europe needed better language teaching.

Peter Strevens, the Chair in Applied Linguistics at the University of Essex first had the idea to start BAAL. At a meeting at Birkbeck College in July 1965, the original idea for BAAL was to study mainly language teaching and machine translation. However, at the first full meeting in 1967 in Reading, Berkshire the group decided to study many different topics. BAAL became the UK member of AILA, and Pit Corder was its first Chair. At first, membership was only for academics because BAAL wanted people to think it was a group of experts, not a teachers' meeting. However, by the early 1970s it became easier to join BAAL. Since 1985, anyone can join. There are no requirements to become a member. In 1980, the Association began to publish a journal called, Applied Linguistics.

References

British Association for Applied Linguistics (1997) Notes on the History of the British Association for Applied Linguistics 1967-1997.
Trim J (1988) Applied Linguistics in Society. In Grunwell P (ed.) Applied Linguistics in Society: British Studies in Applied Linguistics 3. London: Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research. .

Other websites
British Association for Applied Linguistics - official site
Applied Linguistics - journal published by Oxford University Press, in collaboration with BAAL, the American Association for Applied Linguistics and the International Association for Applied Linguistics

Related pages
Applied linguistics
Language acquisition
Linguistics

Category:1960s establishments in the United Kingdom


This is about the American musician. For other people called Tipton, see Tipton (disambiguation).

Billy Lee Tipton (December 29, 1914 – January 21, 1989) was an American jazz musician and bandleader. Tipton had been assigned female gender at birth.

Early life
Tipton was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and grew up in Kansas City, Missouri. His aunt raised him after his parents' divorced. He became interested in music in high school, especially jazz. He studied piano and saxophone. He went back to Oklahoma for his last year of high school and joined the school band there. His nickname in high school was "Tippy".

Tipton later took his father's nickname, Billy, when he started a music career. He also began to try to appear to be male by dressing to hide his breasts. At first, Tipton only behaved as a male while performing. However, by 1940 Tipton was living as a man all the time. Very few people knew both sides of his life. They were two of his female cousins and maybe his later lovers.

Career

Early work
In 1936, Tipton lead a band playing on the radio station, KFXR. In 1938, Tipton joined Louvenie’s Western Swingbillies. This band played on another rado station, KTOK, and at Brown's Tavern. In 1940, Tipton was touring the Midwest and playing at dances with Scott Cameron's band. Starting in 1941, he played for two and a half years at Joplin, Missouri's Cotton Club with George Meyer's band. He then toured for a time with Ross Carlyle. Later, he played for two years in Texas.

In 1949, Tipton began touring the Pacific Northwest with George Meyer. A local radio station recorded the band's appearances at Roseburg, Oregon's Shalimar Room. Recordings of Tipton's early playing include "If I Knew Then" and "Sophisticated Swing". The band was well known for the song "Flying Home". They played the song like Benny Goodman's band did.

George Meyer's band became more successful, and they began getting better chances to perform. They played with The Ink Spots, the Delta Rhythm Boys, and Billy Eckstine at the Boulevard Club in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

Bandleader
Tipton began playing piano alone at the Elks club in Longview, Washington. In Longview, he started the Billy Tipton Trio. This band was Tipton on piano, Dick O'Neil on drums, and Kenny Richards (and later Ron Kilde) on bass. The trio became popular in the area.

A talent scout from Tops Records heard them play at King's Supper Club in Santa Barbara, California and got them a contract to record songs. The Billy Tipton Trio made two albums of jazz standards for Tops, Sweet Georgia Brown and Billy Tipton Plays Hi-Fi on Piano, in 1957. The albums sold 17,678 copies. This was a good number for a small independent record label.

After the albums' success, the Holiday Hotel in Reno, Nevada asked them to become play there regularly. Tops Records asked the trio to record four more albums. Tipton said no both offers. Instead, he moved to Spokane, Washington worked as an agent. The trio played every week at Allen's Tin Pan Alley as the house band. He played mainly swing standards and less jazz, even though he preferred jazz. His performances also included skits like vaudeville performers did. He imitated celebrities like Liberace and Elvis Presley. In some of these comedy skits, he played a little girl. He helped young musicians at the Dave Sobol Theatrical Agency.

In the late 1970s, Tipton's arthritis got worse and he had to retire from music.

Personal life
Early in his career, Tipton appeared as a male only as a musician. He appeared as a woman at other times. He lived with a woman named Non Earl Harrell. Other musicians thought this was a lesbian relationship. The relationship ended in 1942. Tipton's next relationship was with a singer known only as "June". This lasted for several years.

Then, or seven years, Tipton lived with a young woman named Betty Cox. She was 19 when they started their relationship. Cox said they had a heterosexual relationship. Betty remembered Tipton as "the most fantastic love of my life." Tipton kept the secret of his physical sexual characteristics a secret from Betty with a story. Tipton said that he had been in a serious car accident which had badly damaged his genitals and broken some ribs. He said he had to wear bandages protect his damaged chest. He told his female partners this story later in his life. Tipton was never legally married, but several women had drivers' licenses naming them Mrs. Tipton.

In 1960, Tipton ended the relationship with Cox. He settle down with nightclub dancer and stripper, Kitty Kelly (later known as Kitty Oakes). Her professional name was "The Irish Venus." They were involved with their local PTA and with the Boy Scouts. They adopted three sons, John, Scott, and William. After Tipton died, Kitty gave several interviews about him and their relationship. In early interviews, she said, “He gave up everything... There were certain rules and regulations in those days if you were going to be a musician.” She was taking about trying to be part of 1920−30s music industry. His son William described Tipton as a good father who loved to go on Scout camping trips.

They had trouble with their adopted sons during their adolescence. The couple often argued over how they should raise the boys. Tipton left Kitty in the late 1970s and moved into a mobile home with their sons. He restarted an old relationship with Maryann. He was poor, but stayed there until his death.

Death and after
In 1989, at the age of 74, Tipton had medical problems. He said it was emphysema and refused to call a doctor. Actually he  had a hemorrhaging peptic ulcer. He died because he did not get medical care for this serious problem. His son William watched while paramedics were trying to save Tipton's life. That is how William learned that his father was born female. Tipton was pronounced dead at Valley General Hospital. The coroner shared the secret with the rest of the family. Kitty had his body to be cremated so that nobody would find out, but one of their sons did not keep the secret. A newspaper article was published the day after Tipton's funeral and wire services picked it up. Stories about Tipton appeared in papers including tabloids such as National Enquirer and Star, as well as more serious papers such as New York Magazine and The Seattle Times. Tipton's family even made talk show appearances.

Works inspired by Tipton
 The 1991 song "Tipton" by folksinger Phranc is a tribute to Billy Tipton.
"Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" is a 1995 short movie based on the life and career of Billy Tipton.
 Stevie Wants to Play the Blues was a play based on Tipton's life written by Eduardo Machado and performed in Los Angeles.
 The Slow Drag was a play based on Tipton's life by Carson Kreitzer performed in New York City and London.
 An opera based on Tipton's life, Billy, was staged in Olympia, Washington.
 Trumpet, a novel based on Tipton's life, is by Jackie Kay.
 The Opposite Sex is Neither, a theatrical revue by noted trans woman Kate Bornstein, features Billy Tipton.
 "Billy's Thing" is an unreleased track by Jill Sobule.
 "The Legend of Billy Tipton," by the punk band The Video Dead, is about the story of Billy Tipton.
 The band The Billy Tipton Memorial Saxophone Quartet took its name from Billy Tipton on learning his story.
"Kill Me, Por Favor" is a short story including a section about Billy Tipton in Ry Cooder's 2011 volume entitled "Los Angeles Stories". Pub. City Lights Books 2011.

Recordings
 Sweet Georgia Brown Tops Records L1522 (1957)
 Billy Tipton Plays Hi-Fi on Piano Tops Records L1534 (1957)

References

Other websites
 Billy Tipton photo timeline
 Music from both Billy Tipton Trio albums
 Excerpt from biography by Diane Middlebrook

Category:1914 births
Category:1989 deaths
Category:American jazz musicians
Category:American pianists
Category:American saxophonists
Category:LGBT musicians

Category:LGBT people from Oklahoma
Category:Musicians from Oklahoma
Category:Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Category:People from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Category:Transgender and transsexual people

Billy Tipton


New York Film Critics Circle Awards are awards given every year for excellence in cinema worldwide. They are given by an organization of movie critics from New York City-based publications. It is considered one of the most important movie critics awards in North America.

Other websites
 New York Film Critics Circle Awards Official Website

Category:Movie awards
Category:Organizations in New York City

New York Film Critics Circle Awards


Sanjay and Craig is an American animated television series. It is produced by Nickelodeon. The series was first shown on May 25, 2013.

The show's creators are Jim Dirschberger, Andreas Trolf, and Jay Howell. Howell is also the character designer on Bob's Burgers. Sanjay and Craig is being produced by Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi, the creators of The Adventures of Pete & Pete.

Plot
The show is about the adventures of the title characters, a 12-year-old Indian American human boy named Sanjay Patel, and his best friend, a talking snake named Craig. On a promotional webpage for the show, the network explains that Sanjay and Craig's adventures require that "nobody finds out that Craig can talk".

Cast
 Maulik Pancholy as Sanjay Patel, a twelve-year-old Indian-American boy. He goes on adventures with his best friend, Craig. Sanjay lives in an Indian populated town.
 Chris Hardwick as Craig, a talking snake that is the pet of Sanjay. Sanjay met Craig in a pet store.
 Linda Cardellini as Megan Sparkles
 Matt Jones as Hector Flanagan
 Tony Hale as Mr. Leslie Noodman
 Nika Futterman as Belle Pepper
 Kunal Nayyar as Vijay Patel, Sanjay's father who is an Indian.
 Grey DeLisle as Dr. Darlene Patel, Sanjay's mother who is an American doctor. She works in the hospital and tells Sanjay stories about her work.
 John DiMaggio as Mr. Noodman's Father

References

Other websites

Category:2010s television series
Category:2013 American television series debuts
Category:2016 television series endings
Category:American animated television series
Category:Cartoon Network series
Category:2016 disestablishments in the United States

Sanjay and Craig


Ibadan is the capital of Oyo State, Nigeria. There are over 3 million people living in Ibadan which makes it the most populous city in Oyo state. It is the third most populous city in Nigeria, after Lagos and Kano. It is the largest city in the country by land size.

Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria. Ibadan was the centre of administration of the old Western Region since the days of the British colonial rule, and parts of the city's ancient protective walls still stand to this day. The major inhabitants of the city are Yoruba, as well as various communities from other parts of the country.

Category:Cities in Nigeria

Ibadan


Thura U Tun Tin (, ; born 2 October 1920) is an Burmese politician. Tin served as the 9th Prime Minister of Burma for a few months in 1988.

He was born in Myitkyina on 2 October 1920. He studied at Mandalay College in 1941.

References

Category:1920 births
Category:Living people
Category:Burmese people
Category:Prime ministers

Tun Tin


Bencoolen MRT Station (DT21) is a MRT station located in Singapore. It opened on 21 October 2017 and is on the Downtown line. It is the deepest MRT station, surpassing Promenade, at 43 meters deep. It reduces congestion at Bras Basah MRT Station, which is a minute walk away.

References

Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations

Bencoolen MRT station


Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor, GBM, GBS (; née Cheng, born 13 May 1957) is a Hong Kong politician. She is the 4th Chief Executive of Hong Kong since 2017. She was the Chief Secretary for Administration, from 2012 to 2017, and as Secretary for Development from 2007 to 2012.

References

Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chief Executives of Hong Kong

Carrie Lam


A Neptune Trojan is an asteroid which is in the same orbit as the planet Neptune.

Their name comes from the Trojan asteroids which have the same orbital period as a planet. As of March 2007, there are six known Neptune Trojans. They lie in the elongated, curved region around the L4 Lagrangian point 60° ahead of Neptune. The six Neptune Trojans are , , , ,  and .

The discovery of  in a high inclination (>25°) orbit is significant because it suggests a ‘thick’ cloud of Trojans. It is believed that large (radius ≈ 100 km) Neptune Trojans could greatly outnumber the Jupiter Trojans.

If any other L5 Neptune Trojans are discovered in the near future, it may be possible for the New Horizons spacecraft to investigate them as it passes through the region in 2014 while on its way to Pluto.

References

Category:Trojan asteroids
Category:Neptune

Neptune Trojan


In military terminology, a demonstration is an attack or show of force on a battlefield designed to trick or mislead an enemy. Unlike a feint, a demonstration does not make contact with the enemy. It is usually used as a supporting attack intended to deceive an enemy into thinking the demonstration is the main attack.

An example of a demonstration in the American Civil War was at the Battle of Gettysburg.  On July 2, 1863, General Robert E. Lee ordered Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell to stage a demonstration against Culp's Hill on the Union right flank. This was in support of Lieutenant General James Longstreet's main attack against the Union left flank.

Advantages
The advantages of a demonstration include:
 A demonstration does not make actual contact with an enemy and the demonstrating force may be used elsewhere on the battlefield. In April 1945, the amphibious attack on Okinawa involved landing craft that made a demonstration on the southeast coast of the island. Once they had drawn Japanese troops away from the actual landing site, they returned to serve as reserves in the actual landing.
 A full force is often not necessary to deceive the enemy. For example, in modern warfare, the noise of helicopters often gives away troop movements by air. However, in a demonstration, empty helicopters may land and take-off several times leading the enemy to believe there is a large scale attack coming.
 Simulation devices (when available) may be used to trick enemy reconnaissance. For example, during Operation Overlord in World War II inflatable tanks, fake radio chatter and dummy paratroopers which made the sounds of rifle fire when hitting the ground.

Disadvantages
Disadvantages include:
 Without enemy contact, it is harder to convince an enemy the demonstration is a real attack. At Gettysburg, Lee's orders to Ewell on July 1 had been contradictory and confusing. If practicable, Ewell was to take the heights but not to bring on a general engagement. Ewell took that to mean a demonstration. On July 2, Lee made himself clearer. Ewell was to demonstrate against the Union right side to prevent General George G. Meade from transferring troops to the left side of the line, where the main Confederate attack was planned. Ewell's orders were to attack if the opportunity presented itself by the demonstration not getting results from the Union commander. Ewell apparently decided the demonstration had not worked and attacked.
 A demonstration is often discovered earlier than a feint. A feint has to appear real to the enemy so contact is often necessary to continue the deception. A feint must be of great enough strength to convince the enemy it is a real attack. The key is to show the enemy what it expects to see. A demonstration may need be to be only long enough to get the enemy to hesitate.

References

Other websites
 DCS: A-10C - Show of Force in Operation Bactria

Demonstration

Demonstration (military)


Gouy, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Aisne

Gouy, Aisne


Zayin is the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. It is also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z , Latin Z, and  Cyrillic Ze З.

Category:Hebrew alphabet

Zayin


Jürgen Kurbjuhn (26 July 1940 – 15 March 2014) was a German football player. is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1960-61||rowspan="12"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Oberliga||22||1
|-
|1961-62||27||0
|-
|1962-63||27||0
|-
|1963-64||rowspan="9"|Bundesliga||29||0
|-
|1964-65||26||1
|-
|1965-66||33||1
|-
|1966-67||30||2
|-
|1967-68||34||3
|-
|1968-69||27||2
|-
|1969-70||24||0
|-
|1970-71||27||1
|-
|1971-72||12||0
318||11
318||11
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1962||1||0
|-
|1963||2||0
|-
|1964||1||0
|-
|1965||0||0
|-
|1966||1||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}

References

Category:1940 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:German footballers
Category:People from former German territories

Jürgen Kurbjuhn


Conchez-de-Béarn is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.

Conchez-de-Béarn

Conchez-de-Béarn


Dinitrogen tetroxide, also known as nitrogen tetroxide or dinitrogen tetraoxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is N2O4. It contains nitrogen in its +4 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions.

Properties
It is a colorless gas, although it is sometimes polluted with nitrogen dioxide. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It can ignite on contact with hydrazine. It can be made by bonding two nitrogen dioxide molecules together at a low temperature or a high pressure.

Preparation
It is made by bonding nitrogen dioxide molecules together in pairs.

Uses
It is used as a rocket propellant, along with hydrazine. This mixture is good since it does not have to be ignited. It is used similar to nitrogen dioxide to make nitric acid. It can react with metals to make nitrates.

Safety
Dinitrogen is highly toxic and corrosive. Some astronauts breathed it and had to go to a hospital.

Related pages
Nitrous oxide
Nitrogen oxide
List of nitrogen compounds

Sources

Category:Nitrogen compounds
Category:Oxides

Dinitrogen tetroxide


Mark Moseley (born September 24, 1963) is an American voice actor, radio personality, stand-up comedian and rapper. He has appeared in a variety of movies, television shows, and video games. He is probably best known as a sound-double for actors such as Mike Myers, Bob Hoskins, Jeff Bridges, Andy Richter, and Tim Allen.

References

Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:American voice actors
Category:American radio personalities
Category:American stand-up comedians
Category:American rap musicians
Category:Entertainers from Mississippi

Mark Moseley


Bourecq is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Bourecq


Crawford County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,096. The county seat is Denison. The county was named for William Harris Crawford, U.S. senator from Georgia and United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Crawford County was founded on January 15, 1851.

References

Category:1851 establishments in Iowa
Category:Iowa counties

Crawford County, Iowa


Megaupload was a website that allowed people to upload and download files.  It had several sister websites including Megavideo, Megapix, Megalive and others. It is based in Hong Kong.

It allowed users who do not have an account to upload and download files up to 1 GB. People with free accounts got 200 GB of space. People with paid accounts had unlimited space. After uploading a file, a URL can be used to access and download it.

It would stay there for
 Users without accounts - 21 days.
 Free accounts - 90 days
 Paid accounts - forever
The website was supported by advertising.  It gave incentives to people who uploaded the files that were downloaded the most. The website displayed advertising as users downloaded the files.

Visitors
 Unique visitors per days: 50 million
 Page Views per month: 1 billion
 Registered users : 150 million
 Depth view: 26
 Reach: 2.2%

Legal case

On 19 January 2012 the United States Department of Justice seized and shut down the file hosting site Megaupload.com and commenced criminal cases against its owners and others. Worldwide, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested Kim Schmitz (Founder), Finn Batato (CMO), Mathias Ortmann (CTO and co-founder), with Bram van der Kolk arrested by the Organised and Financial Crime Agency of New Zealand.  Their bail request was denied in New Zealand court as it was opposed by US authorities on the case. On January 20 Hong Kong Customs froze more than HK$300 million (US$39 million) in assets belonging to the company.

The case drew particular public attention because the arrests were on the day after a large protest of proposed legislation to expand United States legal authority against foreign piracy websites. Shortly afterward, the Department of Justice's website and a number of other organisations' websites were taken offline following concerted denial of service attacks from activist group Anonymous.

A group spokesperson described the attacks as "the single largest Internet attack in [the group's] history" in an interview, adding that it was "a terrible case of happenstance that federal agents went after Megaupload only hours after the thousands of sites protesting in an anti-SOPA blackout went back online. Web surfers were by-and-far ready to defend an open Internet ... the feds 'could not have chosen a worse time to take down Megaupload'."  He noted that from commencement until the point the government's web servers were offline was a mere 70 minutes.

Besides the Department of Justice's justice.gov, the Denial of Service attack included Universal Music Group, Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and the website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Even without SOPA having been passed yet, the federal government always had tremendous power to do some of the things that they want to do. So if this is what can occur without SOPA being passed, imagine what can occur after SOPA is passed,” Brown told RT. Anonymous also attacked the website of France's anti-piracy organisation.

On 19 January 2012 Anonymous released a statement on Pastebin.com accepting responsibility of the mass attacks on websites including those of RIAA, MPAA, BMI, FBI and others.

References

Other websites
Official website

Category:Websites

Megaupload


Race movie is an American movie genre. Such movies were made by African Americans for African Americans. Casts were all-African Americans. These movies ran in African American theaters. Oscar Micheaux is the most famous producer, writer, and director of race movies.

Category:Movie genres
Movie

Race movie


James Edward Ingram (February 16, 1952 – January 29, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor and keyboardist. He won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. Ingram was born in Akron, Ohio.

He had two number-one singles on the Hot 100. The first was a duet with fellow R&B artist Patti Austin in 1982's "Baby, Come to Me" and "I Don't Have the Heart", which became his second number-one in 1990 was his only number-one as a solo artist.

He was also known for the song "Somewhere Out There" with fellow recording artist Linda Ronstadt for the animated movie An American Tail.

Ingram died on January 29, 2019, aged 66, from brain cancer, at his home in Los Angeles.

References

Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:1952 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Deaths from brain cancer
Category:Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Category:American R&B singers
Category:American pop singers
Category:American soul singers
Category:American R&B musicians
Category:American pop musicians
Category:American soul musicians
Category:American keyboard players
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American voice actors
Category:Record producers
Category:Singer-songwriters from California
Category:Actors from Los Angeles, California
Category:Singers from Los Angeles, California
Category:Writers from Los Angeles, California
Category:Business people from Los Angeles, California
Category:Actors from Akron, Ohio
Category:Singers from Akron, Ohio
Category:Writers from Akron, Ohio
Category:Business people from Ohio

James Ingram


Václav Havel (), 5 October 1936–18 December 2011, was a Czech playwright, essayist, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia (1989–92). He then became the first President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003). He wrote more than twenty plays and many non-fiction works. Many of them were translated into multiple languages.

Beginning in the 1960s, Havel mostly wrote about the politics of Czechoslovakia. After the Prague Spring, he became more and more active against the government. In 1977, he became famous internationally for his work on the human rights manifesto, Charter 77. He became known as a leader of the opposition in Czechoslovakia. He was also sent to prison for these activities. The 1989, Havel became president during the "Velvet Revolution". As president, he led Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic to an open democracy with several political parties. His country changed greatly during the thirteen years he was president. The Czech Republic separated from Slovakia, even though Havel was against separation. The Czech Republic also joined NATO and started negotiating membership in the European Union. The country became a member of the EU in 2004. He was one of the first people to sign the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism.

Early life
Václav Havel was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia on 5 October 1936. He grew up in a well-known and wealthy entrepreneurial and intellectual family. His family was active in culture and politics in Czechoslovakia from the 1920s to the 1940s. His father owned part of the suburb of Barrandov. This is the highest part of Prague. Havel's mother came from a well-known family. Her father was an ambassador and journalist. Havel completed his required education in 1951. However, the Communist government did not allow him to continue to study formally because of his bourgeois family background.

In the early 1950s, the young Havel entered a four-year apprenticeship as a chemical laboratory assistant. He took evening classes at the same time and completed secondary education in 1954. None of the colleges or universities with humanities programs would accept Havel for political reasons. So, he chose to study at the Faculty of Economics of Czech Technical University in Prague. He dropped out after two years.  In 1964, Havel married Olga Šplíchalová. His mother was against the marriage.

Presidency

Havel was already leader of the Civic Forum, and on 29 December 1989, he became president. He left office after his second term as Czech president ended on 2 February 2003. Every member of the Federal Assembly voted to make him president. This was a surprising change because Havel had always said that he was not interested in politics. He and other dissidents had said that change should come from groups of people directly, not from the government.

Czechoslovakia had free elections in 1990. Havel won and continued to be president. Havel wanted to keep the federation of the Czechs and the Slovaks together during the breakup of Czechoslovakia. He supported keeping the country together even though this was difficult and there was a lot of pressure. On 3 July 1992 the federal parliament did not elect Havel — the only candidate — because Slovak MPs did not support him. Havel resigned as president on 20 July after the Slovaks issued their Declaration of Independence. He stood for election as president of the new Czech Republic in 1993. He won and became president of this new, separate country.

Havel was quite popular throughout his career. However, some of his actions caused controversy and criticism. One of his first acts as a president was to pardon many people. He wanted to reduce the number of people in overcrowded prisons and release people who had been put in prison during the Communist era even though they were innocent. He did not trust the decisions of a corrupt court of the previous government. He thought the courts had been unfair to most people in prison.  Critics said that this amnesty caused more crime. In his memoir, To the Castle and Back, Havel wrote that most of the people he released had less than a year left to stay in prison. Statistics about this are not clear.

Havel said that the most important thing he did as president was breaking up the Warsaw Pact. Ending this group of countries was very complicated because the association was a deep part of how the countries worked. It took two years before the Soviet troops finally left Czechoslovakia completely.

Havel was very important to changing NATO. He helped change it from an anti-Warsaw Pact alliance to a group that includes former-Warsaw Pact members. Havel spoke very strongly for expanding of the military alliance into Eastern Europe, including the Czech Republic.

Awards
He has received many awards, including:
The Philadelphia Liberty Medal
The freedom medal of the Four Freedoms Award
The Ambassador of Conscience Award

State awards

Works

Collections of poetry
 Čtyři rané básně
 Záchvěvy I & II, 1954
 První úpisy, 1955
 Prostory a časy (poesie), 1956
 Na okraji jara (cyklus básní), 1956
 Anticodes, (Antikódy)

Plays
 Motormorphosis 1960
 An Evening with the Family, 1960,  (Rodinný večer)
 The Garden Party (Zahradní slavnost), 1963
 The Memorandum, 1965, (Vyrozumění)
 The Increased Difficulty of Concentration, 1968, (Ztížená možnost soustředění)
 Butterfly on the Antenna, 1968, (Motýl na anténě)
 Guardian Angel, 1968, (Strážný anděl)
 Conspirators, 1971, (Spiklenci)
 The Beggar's Opera, 1975, (Žebrácká opera)
 Unveiling, 1975, (Vernisáž)
 Audience, 1975, (Audience) - a Vanӗk play
 Mountain Hotel 1976, (Horský hotel)
 Protest, 1978, (Protest) - a Vanӗk play
 Mistake, 1983, (Chyba) - a Vanӗk play
 Largo desolato 1984, (Largo desolato)
 Temptation, 1985, (Pokoušení)
 Redevelopment, 1987, (Asanace)
 Tomorrow, 1988, (Zítra to spustíme)
 Leaving (Odcházení), 2007

Non-fiction books
 The Power of the Powerless (1985) [Includes 1978 titular essay.]
 Living in Truth (1986)
 Letters to Olga (Dopisy Olze) (1988)
 Disturbing the Peace (1991)
 Open Letters (1991)
 Summer Meditations (1992/93)
 Towards a Civil Society (Letní přemítání) (1994)
 The Art of the Impossible (1998)
 To the Castle and Back (2007)

References

Category:1936 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:Czech politicians
Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Category:Order of Canada
Category:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Playwrights
Category:Presidents of the Czech Republic
Category:Royal Society of Literature
Category:Writers from Prague

Václav Havel


A nuclear chain reaction is a nuclear reaction in which a heavy isotope atom such as uranium or plutonium splits and the neutrons released by the fissioning of that atom strike and split other heavy atoms which, as a result, hit others one after another after another. Chain reactions are the main way of getting nuclear energy. Power plants use a slow chain reaction to make steam. Fast reactions can make a nuclear explosion. Nuclear reactions make ionizing radiation that is harmful to life.

Category:Nuclear physics

Nuclear chain-reaction


The Coriolis effect is a force that is found in a rotating object. Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis first described the Coriolis effect in 1835 using mathematics. The Coriolis effect can best be seen in hurricanes. In the northern hemisphere, they spin counter-clockwise (because the earth spins counter-clockwise), and in the southern hemisphere they spin clockwise.

One example of the Coriolis effect that is often described is that water flows down a drain in the opposite direction in the northern and southern hemispheres. However, in reality, the force of the Coriolis effect is not strong enough to see in such a small amount of water.

References

Category:Force
Category:Earth
Category:Science

Coriolis effect


The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force. It is at the Naval Maritime Forecast Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Category:1959 establishments in the United States
Category:United States Navy
Category:United States Air Force
Category:Hawaii
Category:Tropical cyclones
Category:20th-century establishments in Hawaii

Joint Typhoon Warning Center


hi today i  will be talking about the gulf coat

The Gulf Coast region of the United States is made up of the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. The states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida are known as the Gulf States. All Gulf States are in the Southern region of the United States.

Other websites
A historical map from 1639 of the Gulf Coast

Category:Regions of the United States

Gulf Coast of the United States


Faiyum Governorate is a governorate in Egypt. The capital city is also named Faiyum.

References

Category:Governorates of Egypt

Faiyum Governorate


Kim Kyung-roul (; 23 February 1980 – 22 February 2015) was a South Korean professional billiards player. He won the 2010 Three-Cushion World Cup.

Kim lived in Ilsan, where he died on 22 February 2015, after falling out of his apartment window. He was 34.

References

Other websites

Category:1980 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Cue sports players
Category:South Korean sportspeople

Kim Kyung-roul


Ayatollah Ali Meshkini (1922-30 July 2007) was the chairman of the Assembly of Experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1984 to 2007.

Other websites
 Ayatollah Meshkini In A Friday Sermon in Qom: An Islamic Rule Under Ayatollah Sistani Is Required in Iraq, video clip, 2004

Category:Iranian people
Category:Religious leaders
Category:1922 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:Legislative speakers

Ali Meshkini


Hate speech is communicating in a way that is meant to offend and hurt somebody. It is usually based on a factor such as somebody's race, gender, ethnic group, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability or religion. Some places have laws that make it illegal to use hate speech. Countries such as Canada, France and Germany have stricter laws against hate speech than the United States, where hate speech is usually legal because its Constitution says that people have freedom of speech.
But hate speech is an inciting of discrimination and sometimes a cause of bullying or hate crime and Article 7 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that all are protected from such an inciting.

References

Category:Discrimination
Category:Hatred

Hate speech


Audembert is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Audembert


Walter Andrew Brennan (July 25, 1894 – September 21, 1974) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was in the TV series The Real McCoys. He is tied with Jack Nicholson for the actor winning the most Academy Awards.

Brennan was born in Lynn, Massachusetts on July 25, 1894 and studied at Rindge Technical High School. He was married to Ruth Wells from 1920 until his death in 1974, they had three children. He died on September 21, 1974 in Oxnard, California from emphysema, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Category:1894 births
Category:1974 deaths
Category:Deaths from emphysema
Category:American movie actors
Category:American television actors
Category:American stage actors
Category:American radio actors
Category:American television personalities
Category:American radio personalities
Category:Singers from Massachusetts
Category:Actors from Massachusetts
Category:Academy Award winning actors

Walter Brennan


Republic is a city in Republic County, Kansas, United States. 116 people lived there in the 2010 census.

References

Category:Cities in Kansas

Republic, Kansas


Hiroyuki Tazawa (born 29 April 1978) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||Yokohama F. Marinos||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||28||1||1||0||2||0||31||1
|-
|2001||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
28||1||1||0||2||0||31||1
28||1||1||0||2||0||31||1
|}

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture

Hiroyuki Tazawa


Showbiz is the first album by the British alternative rock band Muse.

Songs
Sunburn
Muscle Museum
Fillip
Falling Down
Cave
Showbiz
Unintended
Uno
Sober
Escape
Overdue
Hate This and I'll Love You
Spiral Static

References

Category:1999 albums
Category:Muse albums
Category:Debut albums
Category:Rock albums

Showbiz


Frankie Schneider (August 11, 1926 – November 11, 2018) was an American stock car, modified, midget, and sprint car racer. He was born in Maplewood, New Jersey.

Schneider had one NASCAR Grand National (now Sprint Cup) victory at Old Dominion Speedway in 1958 driving a 1957 Chevrolet. He also won the 1952 NASCAR modified title, where it is thought that he scored at least 100 wins. Schneider earned his nickname "The Old Master".

Schneider died in Lambertville, New Jersey on November 11, 2018 at the age of 92.

References

Category:1926 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:NASCAR drivers
Category:Sportspeople from New Jersey

Frankie Schneider


Sainte-Eulalie is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Category:Communes in Ardèche

Sainte-Eulalie, Ardèche


Story City is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Category:Cities in Iowa

Story City, Iowa


Johann Baptist Martinelli (February 8, 1701, Vienna - June 21, 1754, Vienna) was an Austrian architect and constructor of Italian descent.

He was the son of architect Franz Martinelli. In cooperation with his brother Anton Erhard Martinelli, he designed the plans of several baroque church in the Habsburg empire, among which  the church in Grossweikersdorf and the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Blaj. He also designed several mansions among which the one in Dolná Krupá.

Category:1701 births
Category:1754 deaths
Category:Austrian architects
Category:People from Vienna

Johann Baptist Martinelli


Lipscomb County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 3,302 people lived there. The county seat is Lipscomb.

Geography
The county has a total area of 932 square miles.

Places

City
 Higgins

Towns
 Lipscomb (county seat)
 Booker
 Darrouzett
 Follett

Category:Texas counties

Lipscomb County, Texas


John Birchman Saldivar is a Belizean politician. A member of the United Democratic Party (UDP), Saldivar is currently serving as the Minister of National Security and Defence since 8 March 2012. He is also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Belmopan constituency in the House of Representatives (Belize) since it’s creation on 7 February 2008. He was previously Area Representative for Cayo South from 29 October 2003 to 7 February 2008.

Early life

John Birchman Saldivar was born in 1967 in Belmopan, then known as British Honduras. He is a current Resident of Belmopan and has lived there since Birth.

Electoral history

Saldivar first joined the UDP in 1993 and officially entered Electoral politics in 1997 after he submitted his Nomination to be endorsed as the new UDP Standard Bareer for Cayo South constituency in a convention and election. The former Standard-Bareer, Melvin Hulse Sr. was thought to contest the Convention (meeting), but declined the offer and resigned from the UDP to join the National Alliance for Belizean Rights (NABR). Leaving Saldivar to be endorsed. Saldivar went on to face PUP Standard-Bareer, Agripino Cawich. Both Saldivar and Cawich were political newcomers. The PUP was at the helm of Cayo South for over 3 decades. So Saldivar knew that defeating Cawich would not be easy, despite the lack of his political Experience.

Category:Politicians

John Saldivar


Fontenelle-en-Brie is a former commune. It is found in the region Hauts-de-France in the Aisne department in the north of France.On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Dhuys-et-Morin-en-Brie.

References

Related pages

Communes of the Aisne department

Category:Former communes in Aisne

Fontenelle-en-Brie


A kaffir is someone who does not believe in Islam. It is the most common description used in the Qur'an for non-believers. They are also mentioned especially in the Quran Sura Kafirun.

Category:Islam
Category:Pejoratives

Kafir


Prada is an Italian fashion company (also known as a "fashion label" or "fashion house"). It has shops and products around the world.

History
The company, originally named Prada Brothers, was started in 1913 by Mario Prada in Milan, Italy. Mario Prada did not believe that women should have a role in business and prevented any female family members from joining his company.

However when he died in 1958, his son had no interest in running the company so his daughter, Luisa Prada, took over and ran the company until 1978.

Miuccia Prada, Luisa’s daughter, took over then and has been running the company since. Miuccia made the company bigger by giving it a more bohemian style.

Miu Miu is a second clothing, which is often simpler, and fits with the 'high' image of vintage items. Miu Miu is the nickname of Miuccia Prada when she was a child. After, Prada Sport 'Linea Rossa' was made.

Today, Prada is seen as one of the most important clothing designers in fashion.

Buying and Joining with other companies
After many other fashion companies started to buy or join with many other fashion companies, Prada tried to do the same thing. It went into debt so that it could buy Fendi in the early 1990s. Fendi was not making much money, and needed help. Prada could not help Fendi, so it sold it to LVMH. Prada is still in debt after buying Fendi. In 1999, the company bought "Church's", an English company that makes quality shoes. More recently 45% of "Church's" has been sold to Equinox.

Other big buys by Prada in the 1990s were Helmut Lang and Jil Sander. However, by 2006, Prada had sold both. Jil Sander was sold to 'Change Capital Partners', which is run by Luc Vandevelde (the chairman of Carrefour). Helmut Lang is now owned by Japanese fashion company 'Link Theory'.

Products made with other companies
In May 2007, Prada and mobile phone maker LG Electronics worked together to make the LG Prada (KE850) phone. The phones were sold for $800 each.

Prada Foundation
The Prada Foundation () is a foundation  dedicated to contemporary art and culture. It was founded in 1993. It is run by Miuccia Prada and Patrizio Bertelli. The foundation promotes art exhibitions and movie festivals.

The main site of the foundation is in Milan on Largo Isarco. The foundation also has a special gallery for photographs in the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan and a site in Venice at the Palazzo Corner della Regina,

Buildings

Architects
Prada has paid for several famous architects, the most famous are Rem Koolhaas and Herzog & de Meuron, to make their shops around the world.

Prada Marfa
In 2005, near the West Texas towns, Valentine and Marfa, two Scandinavian artists, Emily Milne and Zoe Brown, opened 'Prada Marfa', a sculpture of a Prada mini-boutique. The sculpture is on U.S. Highway 90 and is a long way from any other buildings. Prada helped pay for the building, which is 15 by 25-foot. The building does not actually sell clothes, but there are clothes in the window, as this is just for art.

Prada boutiques and megastore

Prada has 9 small shops and 2 big stores in the USA

Small shops in the USA:
New York (Fifth Avenue & Madison Avenue)
Chicago
San Francisco
Bal Harbour
Las Vegas
Ala Moana Center
Waikiki
Aspen
Manhasset, NY
Boston (June 2008)

Big shops in the world:
New York (SoHo)
Beverly Hills
Tokyo

Prada in media
A book named The Devil Wears Prada was made in 2003, about an 'evil' boss who is selfish and vain, wearing designer clothes, like Prada.
A movie, The Devil Wears Prada (movie) was made from the book.
There is also a band named 'The Devil Wears Prada'.

Related pages
Fashion
LG Prada

Similar brands:
Gucci
Versace
Fendi
Giorgio Armani
Dolce & Gabbana

References

Category:Italian fashion houses
Category:1913 establishments in Italy

Prada


Pfeffingen is a municipality of the district Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Category:Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft

Pfeffingen


Santonio Holmes (b. March 3, 1984)is an American football wide receiver for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was picked by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 2006 NFL Draft. He played for the Ohio State Buckeys in college. In Super Bowl XLIII, Holmes caught the game-winning throw from Ben Roethlisberger. He played one more year with Pittsburgh before going to the Jets in 2010.

References

Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:New York Jets players
Category:Pittsburgh Steelers players

Santonio Holmes


The Federated States of Micronesia have been in the Summer Olympic Games three times.  They have never won a medal.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

Other websites
 Federated States of Micronesia profile at London2012.com
 Micronesia at SportsReference.com

Category:Nations at the Olympics
Olympics

Federated States of Micronesia at the Olympics


Events
 Fidel Castro becomes the President of Cuba.
 Alaska and Hawaii become the 49th and 50th states of the United States.
 February 3- American musicians, Buddy Holly, Richie Valens, and "The Big Bopper" are killed in a plane crash on their way to a concert.
 March 9 – the first Barbie dolls are issued.
 October-The 1959 Mexico hurricane hits western Mexico. Storm kills over 1,800 people.

Births
 January 5 – Clancy Brown, American actor
 January 22 – Linda Blair, actress
 January 30 – Irina Pudova, Yakut ballerina
 March 6 – Tom Arnold, American comedian
 April 15 – Emma Thompson, British actor
 April 20 – Clint Howard, American actor
 May 3 – Ben Elton, British comedian and writer
 June 19 – Christian Wulff, German politician
 June 20 – Chris Williams, African-American actor
 July 29 – Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor
 October 10 – Maya Lin, American architect
 October 31 – Neal Stephenson – science fiction writer
 November 10 – Nancy Cartwright, American actress
 November 14 – Paul McGann, British actor
 December 31 – Val Kilmer, American actor
 R. A. Salvatore, science-fiction and fantasy writer

Deaths
 February 4 – Una O'Connor, actress
 February 5 – Gwili Andre, actress
 February 28 – Maxwell Anderson, playwright, movie writer
 March 3 – Lou Costello, comedian and actor, half of Abbott and Costello comedy team
 March 26 – Raymond Chandler, American novelist.
 June 16 – George Reeves, actor
 June 18 – Ethel Barrymore, actress
 June 23 – Boris Vian, French novelist
 September 18 - Harvey Glatman, American serial killer (executed by gas chamber; b. 1927)
 October 14 – Errol Flynn, actor
 November 20 – Sylvia Lopez, European actress
 November 25 – Gérard Philipe, French actor

Movies released
 Anatomy of a Murder
 Auntie Mame
 Ben-Hur
 Darby O'Gill and the Little People
 Diary of Anne Frank Imitation of Life North by Northwest The Nun's Story Pillow Talk Rio Bravo The Shaggy Dog Some Like It Hot Sleeping Beauty Series
 The Gumby Show – Gumby is premiered The Zoops, Even Stevens, The Glob, Chicken Feed, Hidden Valley, The Groobee, The Witty Witch and Hot Rod Granny.

 New books
 Advertisement for Myself – Norman Mailer
 Advise and Consent – Allen Drury
 The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz – Mordecai Richler
 The Children of Gebelaawi – Naguib Mahfouz
 Children of the Wolf – Alfred Duggan
 Dear and Glorious Physician – Taylor Caldwell
 The Defeat of the Spanish Armada – Garett Mattingly
 The Elements of Style – William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White
 Exodus – Leon Uris
 Goldfinger – Ian Fleming
 Goodbye, Columbus – Philip Roth
 The Haunting of Hill House – Shirley Jackson
 Hawaii – James A. Michener
 Henderson the Rain King – Saul Bellow
 The Magic Christian – Terry Southern
 Mountolive – Lawrence Durrell
 Mrs. 'Arris Goes to Paris – Paul Gallico
 Naked Lunch – William S. Burroughs
 Poor No More – Robert Ruark
 Psycho – Robert Bloch
 Rape of the Fair Country – Alexander Cordell
 Sink the Bismarck! aka The Last Nine Days of the Bismark – C.S. Forester
 The Sirens of Titan – Kurt Vonnegut
 Starship Troopers – Robert Heinlein
 The Tin Drum – Günter Grass
 The Ugly American'' – William J. Lederer and Eugene L. Burdick

Hit songs
 "A Fool Such As I" – Elvis Presley
 "All For The Love Of A Girl" – Johnny Horton
 "(All of A Sudden) My Heart Sings" – Paul Anka
 "Among My Souvenirs" – Connie Francis
 "Apron Strings" – Cliff Richard
 "The Battle Of New Orleans" – Johnny Horton
 "Beyond The Sea" – Bobby Darin
 "The Big Hurt" – Toni Fisher
 "Billy Bayou" – Jim Reeves
 "Ciao, Ciao Bambina" – Dalida
 "Come Softly To Me" – The Fleetwoods
 "Crackin' Up" – Bo Diddley
 "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" – Buddy Holly
 "Dream Lover" – Bobby Darin
 "El Paso" – Marty Robbins
 "First Name Initial" – Annette
 "Forty Miles Of Bad Road" – Duane Eddy
 "Heartaches By The Number" – Guy Mitchell
 "He'll Have To Go" – Jim Reeves
 "High Hopes" – Frank Sinatra
 "I'm Blue Again" – Patsy Cline
 "I'm Sorry" – Bo Diddley
 "I Only Have Eyes For You" – The Flamingos
 "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" – Buddy Holly
 "It's All In The Game" – Tommy Edwards
 "It's Just A Matter Of Time" – Brook Benton
 "It's Only The Good Times" – Tommy Edwards
 "Kansas City" – Wilbert Harrison
 "Kissin' Time" – Bobby Rydell
 "La Bamba" – Ritchie Valens
 "Lipstick On Your Collar" – Connie Francis
 "Lonely Boy" – Paul Anka
 "Lonesome Town" – Ricky Nelson
 "Love Potion Number Nine" – The Clovers
 "M.T.A" – The Kingston Trio
 "Mack The Knife" – Bobby Darin
 "Mr. Blue" – The Fleetwoods
 "Misty" – Johnny Mathis
 "My Heart Is An Open Book" – Carl Dobkins, Jr.
 "Non Dimenticar" – Nat King Cole
 "Peggy Sue Got Married" – Buddy Holly
 "Personality" – Lloyd Price
 "Pillow Talk" – Doris Day
 "Poison Ivy" – The Coasters
 "Poor Jenny" – The Everly Brothers
 "Put Your Head On My Shoulder" – Paul Anka
 "Raining In My Heart" – Buddy Holly
 "Roberta" – Frankie Ford
 "Rockin' Mother" – Frankie Laine
 "Rocks And Gravel" – Frankie Laine
 "Rummy Polka" – Matys Brothers
 "Running Bear" – Johnny Preston
 "Say Man" – Bo Diddley
 "Say Man, Back Again" – Bo Diddley
 "Sea Cruise" – Frankie Ford
 "Since I Don't Have You" – The Skyliners
 "Sleepwalk" – Santo & Johnny
 "Small World" – Johnny Mathis
 "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes" – The Platters
 "Stagger Lee" – Lloyd Price
 "Sweet Nothin's" – Brenda Lee
 "Take A Message To Mary" – The Everly Brothers
 "Tall Oak Tree" – Dorsey Burnette
 "A Teenager In Love" – Dion & the Belmonts
 "There Goes My Baby" – The Drifters
 "'Til I Kissed Youe" – The Everly Brothers
 "Till There Was You" – Anita Bryant
 "True Love, True Love" / "Dance With Me" – The Drifters
 "The Twist" – Hank Ballard
 "Venus" – Frankie Avalon
 "What A Difference A Day Makes" – Dinah Washington
 "What'd I Say" – Ray Charles
 "Where the Boys Are" – Connie Francis
 "Why" – Frankie Avalon
 "A Worried Man" – The Kingston Trio

1959


In computer programming, a trait is a collection of methods. A trait is used to build a simple model for object oriented programs. A trait is a building block for classes. It makes an easy way to reuse code.

References

Category:Computer programming

Trait (computer programming)


Manuel María Uribe Angel (4 September 1822 – 16 June 1904) was a Colombian physician, geographer and politician. He has been called the "father of medicine of Antioquia". He was known outside the realm of medicine for his studies and works on the geography and history of Colombia.

He also served as President of the then Sovereign State of Antioquia and as Senator of Colombia.

Category:1822 births
Category:1904 deaths
Category:Colombian writers
Category:Physicians
Category:Geographers
Category:Civil servants

Manuel Uribe Ángel


Electrostatics (also known as static electricity) is the branch of physics that deals with apparently stationary electric charges.

Electrostatics involves the buildup of charge on the surface of objects due to contact with other surfaces.

Although charge exchange happens whenever any two surfaces contact and separate, the effects of charge exchange are usually only noticed when at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow.  This is because the charges that transfer to or from the highly resistive surface are more or less trapped there for a long enough time for their effects to be observed.

These charges then remain on the object until they either bleed off to the ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge: e.g., the familiar phenomenon of a static 'shock' is caused by the neutralization of charge built up in the body from contact with non-conductive surfaces.

Examples
 The attraction of plastic wrap to ones hand when one has removed it from a package.
 Spontaneous explosion of grain silos.
 Damage of electronic components during manufacturing or the operation of photocopiers.

Related pages
Electromagnetism
Ionic bond
Lightning
Luigi Galvani

References

Other websites and further reading
General
RMCybernetics: High Voltage Physics. Homemade projects & experiments.
"Man's static jacket sparks alert". BBC News, 16 September 2005.
Static Electricity and Plastics
"Can shocks from static electricity damage your health?". Wolfson Electrostatics News pages.
"Can Gravity be an Electrostatic Force?" A Quantum theory of Gravitation, 2005.
 invisible wall of static

Essays and books
William J. Beaty, "Humans and sparks; The Cause, Stopping the Pain, and 'Electric People". 1997.
William Cecil Dampier, "The theory of experimental electricity". Cambridge [Eng.] University press, 1905 (Cambridge physical series). xi, 334 p. illus., diagrs. 23 cm. LCCN 05040419 //r33

Category:Electricity

Electrostatics


Sinclair Research Ltd. is a business company who sells inventions. They are known for making new technology for a low price. They specialise in transport devices like wheelchairs, scooters and underwater scooters. They invented a wheelchair that can raise the passenger up on two wheels and climb up stairs.

Famous Sinclair products

 ZA20 Wheelchair Drive Unit, a special wheelchair drive unit that can balance on two wheels and climb stairs

 Segway technology, a sort of scooter on two wheels based on their wheelchair technology

 ZX Spectrum computers, one of the most popular computers in Europe in the 1980s

 Folding scooters, Sinclair Research Ltd has produced some of the smallest scooters in the world

Other websites

 Sinclair Research Ltd.

Category:Electronics companies
Category:Computer science

Sinclair Research Ltd


Timothy Milford "Tim" Babcock (October 27, 1919 – April 7, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 16th Governor of the U.S. state of Montana. He served as Governor from 1962 to 1969.

Babcock was born in Littlefork, Minnesota on October 27, 1919. He graduated from Dawson County High School in 1939.  He married Betty Lee on September 21, 1941, and they had two children. Babcock was married to Betty Lee from 1941 until her death in 2013.

Babcock died in Helena, Montana, aged 95.

References

Other websites
Soylent Communications
National Governors Association
Montana Historical Society

Category:1919 births
Category:2015 deaths
Category:Governors of Montana
Category:US Republican Party politicians
Category:Politicians from Minnesota

Tim M. Babcock


Economic liberalization is a theory about applying the ideas of classical liberalism to the government of a state: In very broad terms, it is about removing as much state control as possible from the economy. The state that follows this path often allows privately owned companies to do some things that governments usually do.

The state can introduce competition in an economic sector while still controlling a publicly held company. This is the case with many railway systems, for example in France
The state can privatize a publicly held company, and guarantee a monopoly on the services it offers: This has been the case with the ocmpany responsible for transporting electricity in France, called Réseau de Transport d'Électricité (RTE). It is a subsidiary of Électricité de France (EDF).

Category:Economic policy

Economic liberalization


Cepheus is a constellation in the northern sky.

Deep-sky objects
 NGC 6946
 NGC 7538
 Cave nebula
 Iris nebula

Famous Stars
 Alpha Cephei
 Delta Cephei
 T Cephei
 MY Cephei
 Mu Cephei
 V354 Cephei
 RW Cephei
 VV Cephei A and B

References

Other websites

Category:Constellations

Cepheus (constellation)


Seongnam is a city in South Korea.

Category:Cities in South Korea

Seongnam


Damascus Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. Completely surrounded by the Rif Dimashq Governorate, it consists only of the city of Damascus, the capital of Syria, and the suburb of Yarmouk Camp.

The governorate's area is around 107 km2, encompassing the area of the city of Damascus and the Yarmouk Camp, while the population is around 1,711,000.

Geography
Damascus occupies a strategic location on a plateau which rises 680 m (2,230 ft) above sea level and about 80 km (50 mi) inland from the Mediterranean, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon mountains, supplied with water by the Barada River. The Anti-Lebanon mountains which mark the border between Syria and Lebanon, bock precipitation from the Mediterranean sea, so that the region of Damascus is sometimes subject to droughts. However, in ancient times this was mitigated by the Barada River, which originates from mountain streams fed by melting snow. Damascus is surrounded by the Ghouta, an irrigated farmland where many vegetables, cereals, and fruits have been farmed since ancient times.

The governorate occupies an area of 107 km2, 79 km2 of which is urban (77 in Damascus, 2 in Yarmouk Camp) while the rest is occupied by Mount Qasioun which overlooks the city.

Climate
Damascus has a cold desert climate (BWk) in Köppen-Geiger system, due to the rain shadow effect of the Anti-Lebanon mountains and the prevailing ocean currents. Summers are dry and hot with less humidity. Winters are cool and somewhat rainy; snowfall is infrequent. Annual rainfall is around , occurring from October to May.

References

Category:Governorates of Syria

Damascus Governorate


Tellurium(II) chloride, also known as tellurium dichloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeCl2. It contains tellurium in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains chloride ions.

Properties
Tellurium(II) chloride is a black solid. It absorbs water. It can be oxidized to tellurium(IV) chloride. It reacts with water.

Related pages
Tellurium(II) bromide
Tellurium(IV) bromide

Category:Tellurium compounds
Category:Chlorine compounds

Tellurium(II) chloride


Rubén José Suñé (7 March 1947 – 20 June 2019) was an Argentine footballer. He played as a midfielder.

Suñé was born in Buenos Aires. He is best remembered as a Boca Juniors player, spending two stints at the club from 1967–1972 and 1976–1980. He won eight titles with Boca Juniors, including the Intercontinental Cup in 1977 and two Copa Libertadores in 1977 and 1978. He also played for Huracán, Unión de Santa Fe and San Lorenzo. He first played for Argentina in 1969, playing six times total for his country.

Suñé died on 20 June 2019 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 72.

Honours
Boca Juniors
Copa Argentina: 1969
Primera División: 1969 Nacional, 1970 Metropolitano, 1976 Nacional, 1976 Metropolitano
Copa Libertadores: 1977, 1978
Intercontinental Cup: 1977

References

Other websites

Category:1947 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:People from Buenos Aires

Rubén Suñé


Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. Endocarditis most often affects the heart valves. The heart valves are a part of the human body that does not get blood. This is odd because they are a part of the heart itself. Because of this, if one of the valves gets infected with bacteria or protozoa, the body can not defend itself against those bacteria. This can cause the valve to not work the way it should.

Category:Heart disease

Endocarditis


An antiquarian or antiquary (from the , meaning related to ancient times) is a student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts. This includes archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past. It may be better explained by the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary, Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts not theory".

Antiquarian societies
In the 18th century a new form of humanism emerged. Learned men and those interested in history formed new antiquarian societies. They were not associated with universities. They were formed by gentlemen of means and leisure, They had a growing interest in ancient Greece. A fortunate few, mainly Englishmen and Frenchmen, could visit these sites. A lucky few could even afford books illustrating these antiquities. Many early antiquarians were self-taught. These gentlemen scholars prepared papers on their findings and debated these in the society meetings. At times they disagreed with the new academic approach to history. By the end of the 19th century, antiquarianism had been replaced by a number of more specialized academic disciplines. These included archaeology, art history, numismatics, sigillography, philology, literary studies and diplomatics. Today the term is often used in a pejorative sense. It is used to refer to a very narrow focus on historical trivia instead of the actual history.

An antiquarian may also be someone who collect or study antiques.

Related pages
 Historian
 Collector
 Connoisseur
 Archaeology

References

Other websites
 Antiquarianism and history

Category:Books

Antiquarian


A product can mean a few things:

 Product (as a general idea) is anything which results from a process.
 Product (mathematics) is the result of multiplication
 Product (consumer goods) in business
 Product (chemistry) is a result or something that is made in a chemical reaction.

Product


The Sweden Democrats (Swedish: Sverigedemokraterna, SD) is a political party in Sweden.

The party was founded on 6 February 1988. In the 1988 Swedish general election, they only received 1,118 votes. However, their support has been slowly increasing since. In 2018, they received 1,135,627 votes and won 62 out of 349 seats in the Riksdag.

Other political parties in Sweden refuse to cooperate with the SD.

Beliefs

The Sweden Democrats mainly believe in social conservatism and nationalism. They believe that the current immigration policies in Sweden have failed. They also to make it harder for people to become citizens. According to the SD, a person who wants to become a citizen should: live in Sweden for 10 years, show that they are not criminals, be fluent in Swedish and know Swedish history.

The SD wants to ban abortion after 12 weeks unless the mother's life is in danger. They want a restrictive policy towards drugs and alcohol. They are Eurosceptic, meaning they are critical of the European Union. They awknowledge that LGBT people do not chose their sexuality, and believe that discrimination towards them should be illegal. The SD wants to bring back the conscription (meaning the government forces people to join the armed forces). They are supportive of nuclear power. They are against the death penalty.

References

Other websites
  Sweden Democrats
  Jimmie Åkesson's website
  SD-Kuriren
  Sweden Democratic Youth

Category:Eurosceptic parties

Sweden Democrats


Dirk Kempthorne (born October 29, 1951) was the United States Secretary of the Interior. Kempthorne was the 30th Governor of Idaho. He is a member of the U.S. Republican Party.

Kempthorne was born on October 29, 1951 in San Diego, California. He graduated from the University of Idaho. He is married to Patricia Kempthorne. They have two children.

References

Other websites

Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:American mayors
Category:Governors of Idaho
Category:Politicians from San Diego, California
Category:United States Secretaries of the Interior
Category:United States senators from Idaho
Category:US Republican Party politicians

Dirk Kempthorne


On 24 November 2015, a bus carrying Tunisian presidential guards exploded, killing 12, on a principal road in Tunis. After the attack President Beji Caid Essebsi issued a state of emergency in Tunisia. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack. The bomber, who killed himself in the attack, was identified as Houssem Abdelli.

References

Category:2010s explosions in Africa
Category:21st century in Tunisia

Category:Explosions in 2015
Category:Islamic State
Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015
Category:Mass murder in 2015
Category:Mass murder in Africa
Category:November 2015 events
Category:Suicide bombings in Africa
Category:Suicide bombings in the 2010s
Category:Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
2015 bombing

2015 Tunis bombing


The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. The dynasty began with Osman I, but it was not recognized until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. The dynasty might have been known as Söğüt before 1383, but it was later renamed Osmanlı (Ottoman in English) in honor of Osman I.

The sultan was the sole ruler of the empire. The power was often shifted to other officials, such as the Grand Vizier.

Heads of the House of Osman

Pre-Imperial Heads of the House of Osman

Imperial heads of the House of Osman (1281-1922)

Post-Imperial Heads of the House of Osman (1922-Present)

Expelled from the Imperial House
(Şehzade) Mahmud Şevket (Efendi Hazretleri) (1903, Istanbul - 1973, France) was expelled and deprived of the title of Prince and the style of His Highness from the Imperial House of Osman by His Imperial Majesty, the last Caliph Abdülmecid II. in 1931. He d. in France 1973, having had issue:

(a) HIH Princess Hamide Nermin Nezahat Sultana [1923 - 1998] by Adile Hanimsultan, a granddaughter of Abdülhamid II.

Excluded from the line of sucssession
Mehmed Selim Orhan, (born in Paris, 3. October 1943 - 17. May 1998, descendant of Abdul Hamid II through Mehmed VII Orhan), deprived since birth of title HIH Şehzade, because he was born before his parents married in 1944.

Other websites

 Turkey, includes all the full ruler styles with various biographical data in the Royal Ark
 Sultans, Contemporary Paintings by İsmail Acar
 Everything about Ottoman Empire Everything about the history, culture and civilization of Ottoman Empire
 MSN encarta - the Ottoman Empire (see Sultanate)
 WorldStatesmen- Turkey
  Ottoman Dynasty meet at Dolmabahçe Palace
 Ottoman Empire - The Family

Category:History of Turkey
Category:Royal dynasties
Category:Lists

Ottoman Dynasty


Lovell is a town in the American state of Wyoming.  It is located in Big Horn County.

Lovell is the biggest town in the county. It is near the Shoshone river. It has an area of 1.1 mi². All of this area is land. At the 2010 census, it had 2,360 people living in it.

References

Category:Towns in Wyoming
Category:Big Horn County, Wyoming

Lovell, Wyoming


Sag Harbor is an incorporated village in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located near Long Island. The population was 2,169 at the 2010 census.

References

Category:Villages in New York

Sag Harbor, New York


Millennium Force is a steel giga roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. When it opened on May 13, 2000, it was the world's first giga roller coaster at 310 feet tall. It was also the world's tallest and fastest roller coaster for a short time until Steel Dragon 2000 opened later that year. It is also the second longest roller coaster in North America after The Beast at Kings Island.

Other websites
 Official Millennium Force page

 Millennium Force at The Point Online
 Millennium Force at Coaster-Net
 Roller Coaster Philosophy review of Millennium Force
 Millennium Force Detailed Review
 Construction video

Category:Roller coasters by name
Category:Roller coasters in Ohio
Category:2000 establishments in the United States

Millennium Force


The Saskatchewan Roughriders are a Canadian Football League team from Regina, Saskatchewan. The team were created in 1910. They have won 4 Grey Cups, with the most recent championship coming in 2013. They play at Mosaic Stadium.

Other websites
Official website

Category:Canadian football clubs
Roughriders
Category:1910 establishments in North America
Category:1910s establishments in Canada

Saskatchewan Roughriders


Nuristanis are an ethnic group living in the Hindu Kush areas mainly in Nuristan Province in eastern Afghanistan, whose languages are from the Indo-Iranian branch known as Nuristani languages.

Related pages
 Nuristani languages
 Kalash people
 Nuristan Province

References
 http://countrystudies.us/Nuristani

Category:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan

Nuristani people


Quinn Henderson Becker (born June 11, 1930) is an American orthopedic surgeon and retired lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He served as the 36th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1985 to 1988. He attended Louisiana State University's School of Medicine. He was born in Kirksville, Missouri.

References

Category:1930 births
Category:Living people
Category:American generals
Category:American physicians
Category:People from Missouri

Quinn H. Becker


was the 10th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Sujin to be a legendary person; and the name Sujin-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The Gukanshō records that Sujin ruled from the palace of Mizogaki-no-miya at Shiki in what will come to be known Yamato province.

Traditional history
Sujin is almost certainly a legend; but the Kojiki and Nihonshoki record his name and genealogy. He was the second son of Emperor Kaika.

Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Sujin to be the earliest to have actually existed.

Events of Suijin's life
The limited information about Sujin does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

Sujin was interested in agriculture and irrigation.  He established a system of taxation.

After his death
This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Sujin.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara.

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of Emperors of Japan
 Japanese Imperial family tree

References

Category:Emperors of Japan

Emperor Sujin


Cugny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.

Category:Communes in Aisne

Cugny


Eastern Samar (Waray-Waray: Sinirangan Samar; ) is a province of the Philippines. It is in the Eastern Visayas region. The capital is Borongan.

Category:Provinces of the Philippines

Eastern Samar


The Brazilian National Anthem (in Portuguese: Hino Nacional Brasileiro) is the national anthem used in Brazil.

The music was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva between 1822 and 1831. It was officially adopted as the country's national anthem in 1831. The lyrics to the anthem were written by Osório Duque-Estrada in 1909. They became official in 1922, with some changes.

References

Category:19th century songs
Category:20th century songs
Category:National anthems
Category:Brazil

Brazilian National Anthem


William Henry Getty France Sr. (September 26, 1909 – June 7, 1992) was an American racecar driver, best known for being the co-founder of NASCAR. France was born in Washington, D.C.. He is also known as the creator of the Daytona International Speedway and the Talladega Superspeedway. France was put into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23 2010.

France was the father of Bill France, Jr. (1933-2007) and grandfather of Brian France.

References

Category:American racecar drivers
Category:NASCAR
Category:Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
Category:1909 births
Category:1992 deaths

Bill France, Sr.


Międzyrzec Podlaski is a city in the east of Poland, in Lublin Voivodeship. It is on the Krzna rivers. It has 17 283 people.

Category:Cities in Poland

Międzyrzec Podlaski