model/friendly_class_names.csv

rspb_name,rspb_latin_name,ebird_search_term,ebird_taxon_code,rspb_url,rspb_description
Aquatic Warbler,Acrocephalus paludicola,Aquatic Warbler - Acrocephalus paludicola,aquwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/aquatic-warbler,"The Aquatic Warbler is an autumn migrant to certain areas in southern Britain, visiting on its way between breeding grounds in eastern Europe and its winter home in West Africa. Its dependence on coastal reedbeds – specialised and vulnerable breeding habitats – means it has become a globally threatened and declining species. It is more yellow-brown and streaked than the similar Sedge Warbler, with a distinct yellow crown stripe."
Arctic Skua,Stercorarius parasiticus,Arctic Skua - Stercorarius parasiticus,parjae,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/arctic-skua,"The Arctic Skua is a medium-sized, dark seabird with pointed wings, which are pale at the tips. Often seen flying low and fast above the waves in pursuit of a tern or other bird, sometimes chasing it high into the air, twisting and turning, to make it drop its food. Arctic Skuas only come to land to breed, and can be aggressive towards intruders who stray into their breeding territory!"
Arctic Tern,Sterna paradisaea,Arctic Tern - Sterna paradisaea,arcter,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/arctic-tern,"With its long tail streamers and streamlined shape, the Arctic Tern deserves its local name of 'sea swallow'. White with a black cap, it's a largely coastal bird, although it can be seen inland during migration. Arctic Terns depend on healthy marine environments, and some groups have been affected by fish shortages. Arctic Terns are the ultimate distance migrants, flying between the UK and the Antarctic every year."
Avocet,Recurvirostra avosetta,Pied Avocet - Recurvirostra avosetta,pieavo1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/avocet,"The Avocet is a distinctively-patterned black and white wader with a long up-curved beak. Avocets are protected by the Schedule 1, which makes it an offence to disturb them. It's also the emblem of the RSPB, and you'll see it in our logo. It symbolises the bird protection movement in the UK more than any other species. Its return in the 1940s and subsequent increase in numbers represents one of the most successful conservation and protection projects."
Balearic Shearwater,Puffinus mauretanicus,Balearic Shearwater - Puffinus mauretanicus,balshe1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/balearic-shearwater,"Slightly larger than the closely related Manx Shearwater, the Balearic Shearwater is brown above and grey/white below. It flies with rapid, shallow wingbeats on stiffly held wings. You might see them resting on the water, or perhaps plunge-diving for food. Despite breeding in the Balearic Islands and the south coast of France, Balearic Shearwaters migrate north towards the Bay of Biscay, which is when some birds make it into British waters."
Bar-tailed Godwit,Limosa lapponica,Bar-tailed Godwit - Limosa lapponica,batgod,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/bar-tailed-godwit,"The Bar-tailed Godwit is a long-billed, long-legged wading bird, which visits UK shores for the winter. Most usually seen in its grey-brown winter plumage, birds in spring may show their full rich chestnut breeding plumage. In flight it shows a white patch stretching from the rump up the back, narrowing to a point. It breeds in the Arctic of Scandinavia and Siberia and hundreds of thousands of them pass through the UK, on their way further south, or stop off here for the winter."
Barn Owl,Tyto alba,Western Barn Owl - Tyto alba,webowl1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/barn-owl,"With a heart-shaped face, beige back and wings and pure white underparts, the Barn Owl is a distinctive and much-loved countryside bird. Widely distributed across the UK and the rest of the world, this bird suffered declines through the 20th century and is thought to have been impacted by organochlorine pesticides such as DDT in the 1950s and 1960s.

Nocturnal birds like the Barn Owl are poorly monitored by the Breeding Bird Survey and, subject to this caveat, numbers may have increased between 1995-2008.

Barn Owls are a Schedule 1 and 9 species, meaning it's illegal to intentionally or recklessly disturb them, and it's also illegal to release them into the wild in the UK."
Barnacle Goose,Branta leucopsis,Barnacle Goose - Branta leucopsis,bargoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/barnacle-goose,"The Barnacle Goose is a medium-sized, sociable goose, with a black head, neck and breast and a creamy-white face. This contrasts with the white belly, blue-grey striped back and black tail. Barnacle Geese fly in packs and long lines, with a noisy chorus of barking or yapping sounds."
Bearded Tit,Panurus biarmicus,Bearded Tit - Panurus biarmicus,bearee1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/bearded-tit,"The Bearded Tit is a Schedule 1 species. They are brown, long-tailed birds, usually seen flying rapidly across the top of a reedbed. Males have black 'moustaches' rather than 'beards'.

They are sociable and noisy, their 'ping' calls often being the first clue to their presence."
Bewick's Swan,Cygnus columbianus bewickii,Bewick's Swan - Cygnus columbianus,tunswa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/bewicks-swan,"Bewick's Swan adults are white all over with a black and yellow bill, while young birds are greyish with a pinkish bill. Compared to the similar Whooper Swan, these swans have proportionally more black and less yellow on their bill. They're also smaller than both Mute and Whooper Swans and have faster wingbeats. Bewick's Swans are a Schedule 1 species, meaning it's illegal to intentionally or recklessly disturb them."
Bittern,Botaurus stellaris,Eurasian Bittern - Botaurus stellaris,grebit1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/bittern,"The Bittern is a thickset heron with pale, buff-brown plumage covered with dark streaks and bars. It flies on broad, rounded, bowed wings. A secretive bird, very difficult to see, as it moves silently through reeds at water's edge, looking for fish. The males make a remarkable far-carrying, booming sound in spring. It's very small, reedbed-dependent population make it an Amber List species. It is also a Schedule 1 species, meaning it's illegal to intentionally recklessly disturb them."
Black Grouse,Tetrao tetrix,Black Grouse - Lyrurus tetrix,blagro1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-grouse,"The all-black males have distinctive red wattle (bit of skin) over the eye and show a striking white stripe along each wing in flight. They have long, curling tail feathers which are fanned out and raised to show white under-tail feathers when displaying. The smaller grey-brown females have a slightly notched tail. Habitat loss and overgrazing have resulted in a decline in numbers and range, making them a Red List species. Positive habitat management is helping them to increase in some areas.

Black Grouse conservation work is supported by The Famous Grouse."
Black Guillemot,Cepphus grylle,Black Guillemot - Cepphus grylle,blkgui,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-guillemot,"The Black Guillemot's striking black and white plumage and bright red feet make it easy to identify in summer. Unlike most other European auks the Black Guillemot is typically found solo or in pairs, scattered around small, rocky islands. It's typical of the larger sea lochs of western Scotland and the northern and western isles, but is also found in Ireland, the Isle of Man and in a handful of spots in England and Wales."
Black Redstart,Phoenicurus ochruros,Black Redstart - Phoenicurus ochruros,blared1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-redstart,"The Black Redstart is a small Robin-sized bird that has adapted to live at the heart of industrial and urban centres. Its name comes from the plumage of the male, which is grey-black in colour with a red tail.

With fewer than 100 breeding pairs in the UK, the Black Redstart is on the Red List of Birds of Conservation Concern. It's also listed as a Schedule 1 species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Black Tern,Chlidonias niger,Black Tern - Chlidonias niger,blkter,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-tern,"The Black Tern is a small tern with an all-black head and body, contrasting with grey wings, back and tail in spring. Autumn birds have grey upperparts, white underparts and distinctive black head markings. It feeds by dipping down and picking food from the surface of water.
 
This Schedule 1 species has occasionally bred in the UK."
Black-headed Gull,Chroicocephalus ridibundus,Black-headed Gull - Chroicocephalus ridibundus,bkhgul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-headed-gull,"Not really a black-headed bird, the Black-headed Gull's head is more chocolate-brown. In fact, for much of the year, it has a white head. It's most commonly found almost anywhere inland. Black-headed Gulls are sociable, quarrelsome, noisy birds, usually seen in small groups or flocks, often gathering into larger parties where there is plenty of food, or when they are roosting."
Black-necked Grebe,Podiceps nigricollis,Black-necked Grebe - Podiceps nigricollis,eargre,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-necked-grebe,"This small Grebe has beautiful golden tufts of feathers on its face, contrasting with its black head and neck. Its steep forehead makes its head look 'peaked'. A rare breeding bird, it is also uncommon in winter.

It is listed as a Schedule 1 species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it an offence to recklessly or intentionally disturb these birds."
Black-tailed Godwit,Limosa limosa,Black-tailed Godwit - Limosa limosa,bktgod,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-tailed-godwit,"These large wading birds are a Schedule 1 species, giving them full protection from disturbance. In summer, they have bright orangey-brown chests and bellies, while in winter they're more greyish-brown.

Their most distinctive features are their long beaks and legs, and the black and white stripes on their wings. Female Black-tailed Godwits are bigger and heavier than the males, with a noticeably longer beak (which helps the sexes to avoid competing with each other for food).

They're very similar to Bar-tailed Godwits, which breed in the Arctic. However, Black-tailed Godwits have longer legs, and Bar-tailed Godwits don't have striped wings. As the names suggest, the tail patterns are different, too."
Black-throated Diver,Gavia arctica,Black-throated Diver - Gavia arctica,arcloo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/black-throated-diver,"These streamlined diving birds sit low in the water and dive with ease. On land they are clumsy, barely able to walk with their legs so far back on their bodies.

They are easily disturbed when breeding and their vulnerability to marine pollution make them a vulnerable as well as rare breeding species. They are listed as a Schedule 1 species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it an offence to recklessly or intentionally disturb this species."
Blackbird,Turdus merula,Eurasian Blackbird - Turdus merula,eurbla,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/blackbird,"Male Blackbirds are black with a bright orange-yellow beak and yellow eye-ring. Females are brown, often with spots and streaks on their breasts and their beak varies from brown to yellow. The Blackbird is one of the most common UK birds and one of the most striking. Its mellow song is also a favourite."
Blackcap,Sylvia atricapilla,Eurasian Blackcap - Sylvia atricapilla,blackc1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/blackcap,"The Blackcap is a distinctive greyish warbler. The top of the male's head is black (its black cap) while the female's is chestnut brown. Its delightful fluting song has earned it the name 'northern nightingale'. Although primarily a summer visiting bird from Germany and north-east Europe, Blackcaps are increasingly spending the winter in the UK."
Blue Tit,Cyanistes caeruleus,Eurasian Blue Tit - Cyanistes caeruleus,blutit,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/blue-tit,"A colourful mix of blue, yellow, white and green makes the Blue Tit one of our most attractive and most recognisable garden visitors. In winter, family flocks join up with other tits as they search for food. A garden with four or five Blue Tits at a feeder at any one time may be feeding 20 or more."
Bluethroat,Luscinia svecica,Bluethroat - Luscinia svecica,blueth,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/bluethroat,"A small Robin-like bird, the male is unmistakable in spring with his bright blue throat, bordered below with bands of black, white and chestnut. Its central throat spot can be white or chestnut, depending on which subspecies you are looking at 'white-spotted' or the more numerous 'red-spotted'. They can be quite secretive, flicking into the cover of a bush with a flash of their chestnut tail patches."
Brambling,Fringilla montifringilla,Brambling - Fringilla montifringilla,brambl,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/brambling,"Similar in size and shape to the Chaffinch, the male Brambling has a black head in summer, and an orange breast with white belly. In flight it shows a white rump. Sociable in winter, it may form flocks of many thousands and often joins with Chaffinches. Numbers can vary between winters depending on food supplies. It is a Schedule 1 species, making it illegal to intentionally or recklessly disturb these birds."
Brent Goose,Branta bernicla,Brent Goose - Branta bernicla,brant,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/brent-goose,"The Brent Goose is a small, dark goose - of similar size to a Mallard. It has a black head and neck and grey-brown back, with either a pale or dark belly, depending on the sub-species. Adults have a small white neck patch. It flies in loose flocks along the coast, rather than in tight skeins like Grey Geese. It is an Amber List species because of the important numbers found at just a few sites."
Bullfinch,Pyrrhula pyrrhula,Eurasian Bullfinch - Pyrrhula pyrrhula,eurbul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/bullfinch,"The male Bullfinch is unmistakable with his bright pinkish-red breast and cheeks, grey back, black cap and tail, and bright white rump. The flash of the rump in flight and piping whistled call are usually the first signs of Bullfinches being present. They feed heavily on the buds of various trees in spring and were once considered a pest of fruit crops."
Buzzard,Buteo buteo,Common Buzzard - Buteo buteo,combuz1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/buzzard,"Now the most common and widespread UK bird of prey, the Buzzard is quite large with broad, rounded wings, and a short neck and tail. When gliding and soaring, it will often hold its wings in a shallow 'V' and the tail is fanned. Buzzards vary in colour from all dark brown to much paler variations, but all have dark wingtips and a finely-striped tail. Their mournful mewing call could be mistaken for a cat."
Canada Goose,Branta canadensis,Canada Goose - Branta canadensis,cangoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/canada-goose,"The Canada Goose is a large goose, with a distinctive black head and neck, and large white throat patch. A species originally from North America, it has successfully spread to cover most of the UK. It forms noisy flocks and can be seen as a nuisance in areas where large numbers gather in parks and green spaces."
Capercaillie,Tetrao urogallus,Western Capercaillie - Tetrao urogallus,wescap1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/capercaillie,"The Capercaillie is a huge woodland grouse – the large black males are unmistakable. They spend a lot of time feeding on the ground, but may also be found in trees, eating shoots and buds. They breed in Scottish native pinewood, a rare and vulnerable habitat, and in commercial conifer tree plantations. The UK Capercaillie population has declined so rapidly that it is at very real risk of extinction (for the second time) and is a 'Red List' species."
Carrion Crow,Corvus corone,Carrion Crow - Corvus corone,carcro1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/carrion-crow,"The all-black Carrion Crow is one of the cleverest, most adaptable of our birds. It's often quite fearless, although it can be wary of humans. They're fairly solitary, usually found alone or in pairs, although they may sometimes form flocks.

The closely related Hooded Crow has recently been split as a separate species.
 
Carrion Crows will come to gardens for food and although often cautious initially, they soon learn when it's safe, and will return repeatedly to snack on whatever's on offer."
Cattle Egret,Bubulcus ibis,Western Cattle-Egret - Ardea ibis,categr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/cattle-egret,"Slightly smaller but much rarer than the Little Egret, Cattle Egret numbers in the UK are rising. They often spend time close to livestock like sheep and cows and grab the insects and worms their hooves disturb. Cattle Egrets have yellow or greyish legs and a yellow beak, compared to the black legs (with yellow feet) and black beak of the Little Egret."
Cetti's Warbler,Cettia cetti,Cetti's Warbler - Cettia cetti,cetwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/cettis-warbler,"Small and rather undistinctive, Cetti's Warbler (pronounced chetty) is a shy bird that likes to skulk about in patches of scrub and long grass. Its loud bursts of song mean you'll usually hear it before you see it. But if you're determined to spot one, look for a dark, rather stocky warbler with short wings and a full, rounded tail, diving for cover.

This Schedule 1 species is one of the UK's most recent new residents, first breeding in Kent in 1972."
Chaffinch,Fringilla coelebs,Common Chaffinch - Fringilla coelebs,comcha,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/chaffinch,"The Chaffinch is one of the most widespread and common birds in Britain and Ireland. Its patterned feathers help it blend in when feeding on the ground, so it's easiest to see when it flies, as a flash of white on the wings and white outer tail feathers is revealed. It's shy when it comes to bird feeders, preferring to hop about under the bird table or under the hedge. You'll usually hear Chaffinches before you see them, thanks to their loud song and range of calls."
Chiffchaff,Phylloscopus collybita,Common Chiffchaff - Phylloscopus collybita,comchi1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/chiffchaff,"The Chiffchaff is a small olive-brown warbler which flits through trees and shrubs, with a distinctive tail-wagging movement.

Chiffchaffs usually (though not always) have dark legs and a pale eye stripe. They're easily confused for the Willow Warbler which has pale legs and a yellow eye stripe. Listen for the song which gives it its name, no other warbler makes that chiff-chaffing tune.

Chiffchaffs eat insects, either picking them out from trees or snapping them up in flight."
Chough,Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax,Red-billed Chough - Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax,rebcho1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/chough,"The black feathers of the Chough (pronounced 'chuff') clearly mark it out as a crow, but unlike any other member of the family, it has a red bill and legs. It is found only on the west of the British Isles.

It's a master flier and readily shows off its skills with dramatic aerial displays of diving and swooping. This Schedule 1 species can be found in flocks in autumn and winter."
Cirl Bunting,Emberiza cirlus,Cirl Bunting - Emberiza cirlus,cirbun1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/cirl-bunting,"The Cirl Bunting is a charming relative of the Yellowhammer. The UK is the very limit of its European range. In spring, males have a striking black chin, eye stripe and crown, with yellow stripes on its head and yellow underparts. Female and juveniles look similar to Yellowhammers, but have bolder head markings and streaked grey/brown rumps. It is a Schedule 1 species."
Coal Tit,Periparus ater,Coal Tit - Periparus ater,coatit2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/coal-tit,"Not as colourful as some of its relatives, the Coal Tit has a distinctive grey back, black cap, and white patch at the back of its neck. It has a smaller, skinnier bill than Blue or Great Tits which helps it feed in conifers. A regular visitor to most feeders, they will take and store food for eating later.

In winter they join with other tits to form flocks which roam through woodland and gardens in search of food."
Collared Dove,Streptopelia decaocto,Collared Dove - Streptopelia decaocto,eucdov,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/collared-dove,"Collared Doves are a pale, pinky-brown-grey colour, with a distinctive black neck collar (as the name suggests). They have deep red eyes and reddish feet. Their cooing, which can sometimes seem to go on forever, will be a familiar sound to many of you. Although you'll often see them on their own or in pairs, flocks may form where there is a lot of food available."
Common Gull,Larus canus,Common Gull - Larus canus,mewgul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/common-gull,"The Common Gull looks like a smaller version of the Herring Gull, with greenish legs and a yellow bill. Despite its name, it is not at all common in most inland areas, though it can be found in large numbers on the coast and in some eastern counties. They are now seen more often in towns and on housing estates in winter."
Common Rosefinch,Carpodacus erythrinus,Common Rosefinch - Carpodacus erythrinus,comros,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/common-rosefinch,"Common Rosefinches (also known as the Scarlet Rosefinch) are sparrow-sized birds, mottled brown above with a streaked breast, pale belly and forked tail. Males older than one year have a scarlet head, breast and rump. Females and young males have streaked brown heads and look a bit like small Corn Buntings. The species breeds across much of northern Asia and parts of eastern and central Europe before heading south-east in winter. They have bred in the UK from time to time."
Common Sandpiper,Actitis hypoleucos,Common Sandpiper - Actitis hypoleucos,comsan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/common-sandpiper,"The Common Sandpiper is a smallish wader with contrasting brown upperparts and white underparts. It bobs up and down, known as 'teetering', and has a distinctive flight with stiff, bowed wings. The three-note call it gives as it flies off may be your first sign that a Common Sandpiper is near."
Common Scoter,Melanitta nigra,Common Scoter - Melanitta nigra,blksco1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/common-scoter,"The Common Scoter is a dark-coloured seaduck, the male is totally black and the female lighter, with a pale face. They are often seen as large bobbing rafts offshore, or long straggling lines flying along the coast.

The UK breeding population of this small diving seaduck has fallen significantly and it's now a Red List species. It's listed as a Schedule 1 species under the Wildlife and Countryside Act. It's vulnerable to oil spills in winter."
Common Tern,Sterna hirundo,Common Tern - Sterna hirundo,comter,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/common-tern,"These delightful silvery-grey and white birds have long tails which have earned them the nickname 'sea-swallow'. They have a graceful, floating flight and frequently hover over water before plunging down for fish. They often gather and breed in noisy groups. The Common Tern is the tern species most often found inland."
Cormorant,Phalacrocorax carbo,Great Cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo,grecor,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/cormorant,"The Cormorant is a large, black waterbird whose size and colour make it very visible. With a reptilian neck, it has an almost prehistoric appearance. It is often seen standing with its wings held out to dry. Cormorants are supreme fishers which can bring them into conflict with fisherman and has seen them persecuted in the past. The UK holds internationally significant wintering numbers of cormorants."
Corn Bunting,Emberiza calandra,Corn Bunting - Emberiza calandra,corbun1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/corn-bunting,"This lowland farmland bird is the largest of the buntings and is usually seen perched on a wire or post. It is a stout, brown bird which dangles its legs during its fluttering flight. Its dramatic population decline in the UK makes it a Red List species."
Corncrake,Crex crex,Corncrake - Crex crex,corcra,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/corncrake,"Corncrakes are related to waterbirds Moorhens, Coots and Water Rails but, unlike their family members, they live on dry land. Corncrakes are surprisingly small – only a little bigger than a Blackbird. This Schedule 1 species is very secretive, spending most of its time hidden in tall grass or reedbeds, you'll probably hear its rasping call before you see it."
Crane,Grus grus,Common Crane - Grus grus,comcra,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/crane,"The Crane is a huge, graceful, mostly grey bird with long legs, a long neck and drooping, curved tail feathers. Standing up to 1.2 metres tall, Cranes are the UK’s tallest bird – that’s 25% taller than a Grey Heron. The Crane is easily recognised by its grey plumage, long legs, and black and white patterned head and neck with a bright splash of red at its crown."
Crested Tit,Lophophanes cristatus,Crested Tit - Lophophanes cristatus,cretit2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/crested-tit,"It may not be as colourful as some other tits, the Crested Tit's 'bridled' face pattern and its upstanding black and white crest give it a very distinctive look. 
Crested Tits feed actively, clinging to trunks and hanging from branches, like most tits, searching for a wide range of insects and pine seeds. They store up lots of food in early winter to last them through to late winter. It is listed as a Schedule 1 species."
Crossbill,Loxia curvirostra,Common Crossbill - Loxia curvirostra,redcro,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/crossbill,"The Crossbill is a chunky finch with a large head and bill which is crossed over at the tips. This crossed bill is used to extract seeds from conifer cones. They are most often found in noisy family groups or larger flocks, usually flying close to treetop height. It flutters from cone to cone as it feeds.

Adult males are a distinctive brick-red and females greenish-brown. It is a Schedule 1 species."
Cuckoo,Cuculus canorus,Common Cuckoo - Cuculus canorus,comcuc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/cuckoo,"The Cuckoo is a dove-sized bird with a blue-grey back, head and chest, and stripey black and white belly. Its sleek body, long tail and pointed wings gives it an appearance not unlike Kestrels or Sparrowhawks."
Curlew,Numenius arquata,Eurasian Curlew - Numenius arquata,eurcur,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/curlew,"The Curlew is the largest European wading bird, found on estuaries in winter and moors in summer. Look for its down-curved bill, brown upperparts, long legs and listen for its evocative, bubbling, call.

In the winter, you’ll see Curlews feeding in groups on tidal mudflats, saltmarshes and nearby farmland. While some of our birds spend the winter in Ireland and France, we get an influx of Scandinavian-breeding Curlews here, who make the most of our relatively mild winters.

In the spring and summer, Curlews migrate to their breeding grounds in upland areas of rough pasture, heather moorland and wetland. Curlews breed on a range of habitats, but like rough grasslands, moorlands and bogs best of all."
Curlew Sandpiper,Calidris ferruginea,Curlew Sandpiper - Calidris ferruginea,cursan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/curlew-sandpiper,"The Curlew Sandpiper is similar to a Dunlin, but in autumn it looks cleaner and paler with a white eyestripe. It has a longer, more down-curved bill than a Dunlin and will feed in slightly deeper water. In spring and summer it sports the unmistakeable deep chestnut of its breeding plumage. In flight, it shows a bright white rump."
Dartford Warbler,Sylvia undata,Dartford Warbler - Curruca undata,darwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/dartford-warbler,"This small, dark, long-tailed warbler is a UK resident and has struggled with harsh winters. The Dartford Warbler's population crashed to a few pairs in the 1960s, but has  gradually recovered since then, increasing in both numbers and range. It is still regarded as an Amber List species. It will perch on top of a gorse stem to sing, but is often seen as a small flying shape bobbing between bushes."
Dipper,Cinclus cinclus,White-throated Dipper - Cinclus cinclus,whtdip1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/dipper,"The Dipper is a short-tailed, stout bird with a low, whirring flight. When perched on a rock, it bobs up and down and often sticks its tail up. Its white throat and breast contrasts with its dark body plumage. It's a daring hunter, walking into and under water in search of food."
Dotterel,Charadrius morinellus,Eurasian Dotterel - Eudromias morinellus,eurdot,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/dotterel,"Dotterels are unusual because the adult female is brighter than the male, mirroring the role-reversal seen in how they raise their young. Adults have largely grey-brown upperparts and bright chestnut belly, with a white chest band, throat and eyestripe which contrasts with their dark cap. When migrating in spring, this member of the plover family is often seen in groups, or 'trips', at traditional stopping places."
Dunlin,Calidris alpina,Dunlin - Calidris alpina,dunlin,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/dunlin,"This is the most common small wader found along the coast. It has a slightly down-curved bill and a distinctive black belly patch when in its breeding plumage. It feeds in flocks in winter, sometimes numbering thousands, roosting on nearby fields, saltmarshes and shorelines when the tide is high."
Dunnock,Prunella modularis,Dunnock - Prunella modularis,dunnoc1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/dunnock,"The Dunnock is a small brown and grey bird. Quiet and shy, it's often seen on its own, creeping along the edge of a flower bed or near to a bush, moving in a rather nervous, shuffling way, often flicking its wings as it goes. When two rival males come together they become animated with lots of wing-flicking and loud calling."
Egyptian Goose,Alopochen aegyptiaca,Egyptian Goose - Alopochen aegyptiaca,egygoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/egyptian-goose,"This pale brown and grey goose is related to the Shelduck. Look for its distinctive dark brown eyepatches and contrasting white wing patches in flight. It was introduced to ornamental ponds, but escaped into the wild where it's now successfully breeding."
Eider,Somateria mollissima,Common Eider - Somateria mollissima,comeid,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/eider,"The Eider is the UK's heaviest and fastest flying duck. It's a true seaduck, rarely found away from coasts. Its reliance on coastal shellfish for food has brought it into conflict with mussel farmers. Eiders are very sociable and usually stay close to shore, riding the swell in a sandy bay or strung out in long lines beyond the breaking waves. It is an Amber List species because of its winter concentrations."
Eurasian Coot,Fulica atra,Eurasian Coot - Fulica atra,eurcoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/eurasian-coot,"The Eurasian Coot is all-black and larger than its cousin, the Moorhen. It has a distinctive white beak and 'shield' above the beak which earns it the title 'bald'. Its feet have lobed flaps of skin on the toes which act in the same way as webbed feet when swimming. It patters noisily over the water before taking off and can be very aggressive towards others."
Fieldfare,Turdus pilaris,Fieldfare - Turdus pilaris,fieldf,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/fieldfare,NOT_FOUND
Firecrest,Regulus ignicapillus,Common Firecrest - Regulus ignicapilla,firecr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/firecrest,"This tiny, restless jewel of a bird vies with the Goldcrest for the title of the UK's smallest bird. Compared to the Goldcrest, the Firecrest is brighter and 'cleaner' looking, with a green back, white belly, bronze 'collar' and a black and white eye-stripe. They have a yellow and black stripe on their heads, which has a bright orange centre on males. Like Goldcrests, they move through trees and bushes in search of small insects."
Fulmar,Fulmarus glacialis,Northern Fulmar - Fulmarus glacialis,norful,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/fulmar,"Almost gull-like, this grey and white seabird is related to the albatrosses. The Fulmar flies low over the sea on stiff wings, with shallow wingbeats, gliding and turning to show its white underparts then grey upperparts. At its breeding sites, it will fly high up the cliff face, riding the updraughts. They will feed in flocks out at sea. They defend their nests from intruders by spitting out a foul-smelling oil."
Gadwall,Anas strepera,Gadwall - Mareca strepera,gadwal,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/gadwall,"The Gadwall is a very grey-coloured dabbling duck, a little smaller than the Mallard, and with an obvious black rear end. It shows a white wing patch in flight. When seen close-up the grey colour is made up of exquisitely fine stripes and speckling. It nests in low numbers in the UK and is an Amber List species."
Gannet,Morus bassanus,Northern Gannet - Morus bassanus,norgan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/gannet,"Adult Gannets are large and bright white with black wingtips. They are distinctively shaped - with a long neck and long pointed beak, long pointed tail, and long pointed wings. At sea they flap and then glide low over the water, often travelling in small groups. They feed by flying high and circling before plunging into the sea. They breed in significant numbers in only a few locations and are an Amber List species."
Garden Warbler,Sylvia borin,Garden Warbler - Sylvia borin,garwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/garden-warbler,"A very plain warbler with no distinguishing features (a feature in itself!). It spends a lot of its time in the cover of trees and bushes and can be more difficult to see than its relative, the Blackcap. Despite its name, it is not really a garden bird except in mature gardens next to woods. Its song is similar to that of a Blackcap, but has longer mellow phrases."
Garganey,Anas querquedula,Garganey - Spatula querquedula,gargan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/garganey,"The Garganey is a scarce and very secretive breeding duck in the UK. It is smaller than a Mallard and slightly bigger than a Teal. The male is most easily recognised by a broad white stripe over the eye. In flight, it shows a pale blue forewing. It feeds by 'dabbling' – dipping its bill into the water to catch insects. Garganeys are listed as a Schedule 1 species."
Glaucous Gull,Larus hyperboreus,Glaucous Gull - Larus hyperboreus,glagul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/glaucous-gull,"The Glaucous Gull is a large pale gull with white wing tips. Younger birds are creamy white or more biscuit coloured, depending on age. All have pale wingtips. It's bigger than a Herring Gull and bulkier, with a fiercer expression, larger beak and squarer head than the smaller but virtually identically-plumaged plumaged Iceland Gull."
Goldcrest,Regulus regulus,Goldcrest - Regulus regulus,goldcr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/goldcrest,"Along with the Firecrest, the Goldcrest is the UK's smallest bird. They're dull greyish-green with a pale belly and a black and yellow stripe on their heads, which has an orange centre in males. Their thin beak is ideally suited for picking insects out from between pine needles."
Golden Eagle,Aquila chrysaetos,Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos,goleag,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/golden-eagle,"A huge bird of prey, with only the White-tailed Eagle larger in the UK. With its broad wings, it has a different outline to the smaller Buzzard. It likes to soar and glide on air currents, holding its wings in a shallow 'V'. Eagles have traditional territories and nesting places which may be used by generations. They have been illegally killed in the past and are still occasionally poisoned, or have their nests robbed. They are listed as a Schedule 1 species."
Golden Oriole,Oriolus oriolus,Eurasian Golden Oriole - Oriolus oriolus,eugori2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/golden-oriole,"A Blackbird-sized bird, the male has an unmistakable bright yellow body with black wings. Golden Orioles are very secretive birds and keep to the high tree canopy. They can be heard, most often at dawn, making their distinctive fluting whistle. Flies like a Thrush – with a slight bounce. Golden Orioles are listed as a Schedule 1 species."
Golden Pheasant,Chrysolophus pictus,Golden Pheasant - Chrysolophus pictus,golphe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/golden-pheasant,"A smaller bird than their more familiar counterpart, the Pheasant. The male's colourful appearance – a yellow crown and lower back, dark wings and upper neck, red underparts and finely striped tail – means it's also known as the Rainbow Pheasant. The female is paler brown than a female pheasant. It's a shy bird, keeping to dark, dense woodland. It roosts in trees at night."
Golden Plover,Pluvialis apricaria,European Golden Plover - Pluvialis apricaria,eugplo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/golden-plover,"The Golden Plover is a medium-sized plover with a distinctive gold and black summer plumage. In winter, the black is replaced by light brown and white. They typically stand upright and run in short bursts. They are very shy and wary while on breeding grounds. In winter, they form large flocks which fly close together with rapid, twinkling wingbeats."
Goldeneye,Bucephala clangula,Common Goldeneye - Bucephala clangula,comgol,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/goldeneye,"The Goldeneye is a medium sized diving duck. Males look black and white with a greenish black head and a circular white patch in front of the yellow eye. Females are smaller, and are mottled grey with a chocolate brown head. In flight, birds show a large area of white on the inner wing. They first nested in Scotland in 1970, and since then, birds have been attracted to nest in specially-designed boxes fixed to trees close to water. In winter, birds from Northern Europe visit the UK."
Goldfinch,Carduelis carduelis,European Goldfinch - Carduelis carduelis,eurgol,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/goldfinch,"The Goldfinch is a colourful finch with a bright red face and yellow wing patch. It's a very sociable bird, often breeding in loose groups. It has a delightful twittering song and call. Their fine beaks allow them to extract otherwise inaccessible seeds from thistles and teasels. Increasingly, they are visiting bird tables and feeders. In winter, many UK Goldfinches migrate as far south as Spain."
Goosander,Mergus merganser,Goosander - Mergus merganser,commer,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/goosander,"These handsome diving ducks are a member of the sawbill family, named for their serrated bills, used for catching fish. A largely freshwater bird, the Goosander first bred in the UK in 1871. It built up numbers in Scotland and, since 1970, it has spread across northern England into Wales, reaching south-west England. Its love of salmon and trout has brought it into conflict with fishermen. It is very sociable, forming into flocks of several thousand in some parts of Europe."
Goshawk,Accipiter gentilis,Eurasian Goshawk - Astur gentilis,norgos1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/goshawk,"The Goshawk is a large hawk, almost reaching buzzard size. When seen up close, it has a fierce look with bright red eyes and a distinctive white eyebrow. Thanks to its broad wings, it can to hunt at high speed, weaving in and out of trees, while its legs and talons can catch its prey in flight. The female is much larger than the male. In late winter and spring it performs its 'sky-dance' display. Goshawks are a Schedule 1 species. They are still persecuted and their nests are frequently robbed."
Grasshopper Warbler,Locustella naevia,Common Grasshopper Warbler - Locustella naevia,cogwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/grasshopper-warbler,"The high, insect-like reeling song of the Grasshopper Warbler is usually what gives its present away. Even when you hear one it can be difficult to locate it due to the way it throws its song. During migration it moves like a little mouse, creeping through the foliage. Dramatic population declines have made this a Red List species."
Great Black-backed Gull,Larus marinus,Great Black-backed Gull - Larus marinus,gbbgul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-black-backed-gull,"A very large, thick-set black-backed gull, with a powerful beak. Adults are blacker than the smaller Lesser Black-backed Gull. It has a heavy flight and can look quite hunched when perched. It will fight off other gulls and chase them to snatch food."
Great Crested Grebe,Podiceps cristatus,Great Crested Grebe - Podiceps cristatus,grcgre1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-crested-grebe,"The Great Crested Grebe is a delightful, elegant waterbird with decorative head plumes. It was once hunted for these fancy feathers, almost causing the UK population to be wiped out. Great Crested Grebes dive to feed and also to escape, preferring this to flying. On land they are clumsy because their feet are placed so far back on their bodies. They have an elaborate mating display which sees them rise out of the water and shake their heads. Very young Grebes often ride on their parents' backs."
Great Grey Shrike,Lanius excubitor,Great Grey Shrike - Lanius excubitor,norshr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-grey-shrike,"The Great Grey Shrike is the largest of the European Shrikes. Small numbers come to the UK in autumn and spend the winter here. They are very territorial so you're unlikely to see more than one at once. Shrikes are often 'mobbed' by other birds who recognise them as dangerous predators. To spot one, keep an eye out for a medium-sized, long-tailed bird sitting at the top of a tree. Its distinctive black mask and grey plumage are often a giveaway."
Great Northern Diver,Gavia immer,Great Northern Diver - Gavia immer,comloo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-northern-diver,"The largest of the UK's divers, it has a bigger, heavier head and bill than its more frequently sighted relatives. It is largely a winter visitor to our shores although some non-breeding birds stay off northern coasts in the summer. Great Northern Divers are listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Great Shearwater,Puffinus gravis,Great Shearwater - Ardenna gravis,greshe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-shearwater,"The Great Shearwater is a large shearwater, about the same size as a Fulmar. It has dark grey-brown upperparts and pale underparts with a distinctive dark cap and pale neck, as well as dark underwing edges."
Great Skua,Stercorarius skua,Great Skua - Stercorarius skua,gresku1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-skua,"The Great Skua is a pirate of the seas which will steal a free meal from birds as large as Gannets. It also preys on smaller birds such as Puffins. Great Skuas show little fear of humans – anybody getting close to the nest will be repeatedly dive-bombed by the angry adult. These birds migrate to the northernmost isles of the UK from their wintering grounds off the coasts of Spain and Africa. At a distance, they look stout and dark and show white wing flashes in flight."
Great Spotted Woodpecker,Dendrocopos major,Great Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopos major,grswoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-spotted-woodpecker,"About Blackbird-sized and striking black and white. It has a very distinctive bouncing flight and spends most of its time clinging to tree trunks and branches, often trying to hide on the side away from the observer. Its presence is often announced by its loud call or by its distinctive spring drumming display. The male has a bright red patch on the back of the head and young birds have a red crown."
Great Tit,Parus major,Great Tit - Parus major,gretit1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-tit,"This is the largest UK tit with a distinctive two-syllable song. It has a green and yellow body and a striking glossy black head with white cheeks. It's a woodland bird that has readily adapted to man-made habitats to become a familiar garden visitor. It can be quite aggressive at a bird table, fighting off smaller tits. In winter, it joins with Blue Tits and others to form roaming flocks which scour gardens and countryside for food."
Great White Egret,Ardea alba,Great White Egret - Ardea alba,greegr,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/great-white-egret,"The Great White Egret is a large, white heron. Great White Egrets can look similar to Little Egrets, but they are much larger - the same size as the familiar Grey Heron. Other identification features to look out for include black feet (not yellow), yellow beak (in juvenile and non-breeding plumage) and a different fishing technique, more like that of the Grey Heron."
Green Sandpiper,Tringa ochropus,Green Sandpiper - Tringa ochropus,grnsan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/green-sandpiper,"The Green Sandpiper is a wader whose dark, almost black, upperparts contrast with its pale underparts and white rump. It frequently bobs up and down when standing. It often appears nervous and will take off when disturbed. It looks like a large House Martin when in the air – look out for its low zig-zagging flight"
Green Woodpecker,Picus viridis,Eurasian Green Woodpecker - Picus viridis,eugwoo2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/green-woodpecker,"The Green Woodpecker is the largest of the three woodpeckers that breed in Britain. It has a heavy-looking body, short tail and a strong, long bill. It's green on its upperparts with a paler belly, bright yellow rump and red on the top of its head. The black 'moustache' has a red centre in males. They have a bouncing flight and a loud, laughing call."
Greenfinch,Chloris chloris,European Greenfinch - Chloris chloris,eurgre1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/greenfinch,"Its twittering, wheezing song and flash of yellow and green as it flies make this finch a truly colourful character. Nesting in a conifer, or feasting on black sunflower seeds, the Greenfinch is a regular garden visitor, able to take advantage of food in rural and urban gardens. Although quite sociable, they may squabble among themselves or with other birds at the bird table.

Greenfinch populations declined during the late 1970s and early 1980s but increased dramatically during the 1990s. A recent decline in numbers has been linked to an outbreak of trichomonosis, a parasite-induced disease that prevents the birds from feeding properly. To help stop the spread, make sure to keep your bird feeders clean."
Greenshank,Tringa nebularia,Common Greenshank - Tringa nebularia,comgre,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/greenshank,A medium-sized slim wader with a dark grey back and white underparts. Its  green legs and slightly up-turned bill help to distinguish it from other waders. It calls regularly and is seen on its own and in small groups.
Grey Heron,Ardea cinerea,Grey Heron - Ardea cinerea,graher1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/grey-heron,"Grey Herons are unmistakeable – tall, with long legs, a long beak and grey, black and white feathering. They can stand with their neck stretched out, looking for food, or hunched down with their neck bent over their chest."
Grey Partridge,Perdix perdix,Grey Partridge - Perdix perdix,grypar,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/grey-partridge,"The Grey Partridge is a medium-sized bird with a distinctive orange face. It flies with whirring wings and occasional glides, showing a chestnut tail. It is strictly a ground bird, never likely to be found in pear trees. Groups of 6-15 (known as coveys) are most usually seen outside the breeding season. Once very common and widespread, it has suffered serious declines throughout most of its range and is a Red List species."
Grey Phalarope,Phalaropus fulicarius,Grey Phalarope - Phalaropus fulicarius,redpha1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/grey-phalarope,"This Arctic-breeding wader sometimes comes to the coasts of the UK after storms. They are most often seen at the coast - around 200 birds per year are seen. Like the other Phalarope species, the female is the more colourful and leaves the male to incubate the eggs and bring up the young. In North America, these birds are known as Red Phalaropes, due to the birds' orangey-red breeding plumage."
Grey Plover,Pluvialis squatarola,Grey Plover - Pluvialis squatarola,bkbplo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/grey-plover,"In summer, it has silver and black spotted upperparts, a black face, neck and belly. In winter, it loses the black feathers and takes on a browny-grey look. In both plumages, the rump is white and in flight in winter it shows distinctive black 'armpits'. Like most plovers it stands very upright and tends to run and then suddenly stop to feed. It is generally seen in small numbers, although flocks can form when there is a high tide."
Grey Wagtail,Motacilla cinerea,Grey Wagtail - Motacilla cinerea,grywag,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/grey-wagtail,"The Grey Wagtail is more colourful than its name suggests, with slate grey upper parts and distinctive lemon yellow under-tail. Its tail is noticeably longer than those of Pied and Yellow Wagtails. They have gradually increased their range in the past 150 years and in the UK have expanded into the English lowlands from the northern and western uplands."
Greylag Goose,Anser anser,Greylag Goose - Anser anser,gragoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/greylag-goose,"The ancestor of most domestic geese, the Greylag is the largest and bulkiest of the wild goose native to the UK and Europe. In many parts of the UK, it has been re-established by releasing birds in suitable areas. The resulting flocks (often mixed with Canada Geese) are found around gravel pits, lakes and reservoirs all year round in southern Britain. They tend to be semi-tame which can make them a little uninspiring. The native birds and wintering flocks found in Scotland have the special appeal of truly wild geese.

Greylag Geese are listed in Schedule 2 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, meaning they can be killed or taken outside of the close season."
Guillemot,Uria aalge,Common Guillemot - Uria aalge,commur,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/guillemot,"The UK's coasts have many stretches of steep cliffs where seabirds breed. The Guillemot is one of the most common birds in the great 'seabird cities'. It comes to land only to nest, spending the rest of its life at sea, where it is vulnerable to oil spills. Dark brown and white, not as black as the similar Razorbill, it has a 'bridled' form with a white ring round the eye and stripe behind it."
Hawfinch,Coccothraustes coccothraustes,Hawfinch - Coccothraustes coccothraustes,hawfin,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/hawfinch,"The Hawfinch is the UK's largest finch and has a huge bill. Hawfinches are usually shy and difficult to see, but are getting harder to spot as their traditional breeding areas have declined in recent years. Numbers are difficult to determine, however, as Hawfinches are easily overlooked, especially in summer."
Hen Harrier,Circus cyaneus,Hen Harrier - Circus cyaneus,norhar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/hen-harrier,"The Hen Harrier is the most intensely persecuted of all the UK's birds of prey. It once preyed on free-range fowl, which gave it its present name. But, in recent times, its effect on the number of grouse available to shoot has lead to conflict and a threat to its survival in some parts of the UK. It's most at risk on the driven grouse moors of England and Scotland.

While males are a pale grey colour, females and young birds are brown with a white rump and a striped tail which give them the name 'ringtail'. They fly with wings held in a shallow 'V', gliding low in search of food, which mainly consists of Meadow Pipits and voles. The Orkney population is famous for being polygynous, with males sometimes mating with multiple females on the island.

They are listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Herring Gull,Larus argentatus,European Herring Gull - Larus argentatus,euhgul1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/herring-gull,"Herring Gulls are large, noisy gulls found throughout the year around our coasts and inland around rubbish tips, fields, large reservoirs and lakes, especially during winter.

Adults have light grey backs, white under parts, and black wing tips with white 'mirrors'. Their legs are pink with webbed feet and they have heavy, slightly curved bills marked with a red spot. Young birds are mottled brown.

This species is on the Red List due to ongoing population declines and wintering population declines."
Hobby,Falco subbuteo,Eurasian Hobby - Falco subbuteo,eurhob,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/hobby,"Hobby Falcons are about the size of a Kestrel with pointed wings, looking a bit like a giant swift. They are known for their dashing flight and will chase large insects and small birds like swallows and martins. Prey is often caught in its talons and transferred to its beak in flight. Hobbies can accelerate rapidly in flight and are capable of high-speed aerial manoeuvres.

Hobbies are listed as a Schedule 1 bird on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Honey Buzzard,Pernis apivorus,European Honey-buzzard - Pernis apivorus,euhbuz1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/honey-buzzard,"The Honey Buzzard is a large bird of prey that is similar to the Buzzard. It has broad wings and a long tail. The plumage is very variable across all ages - typical adults are greyish-brown on their upperparts and whitish on underparts.

The nest sites of British breeding birds are usually kept secret to protect them from egg collectors. They are also listed as a Schedule 1 species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act offering them additional protection. Numbers are increasing, perhaps as a result of upland conifer forest maturing. It is a summer visitor to its breeding sites and spends the winter in Africa."
Hooded Crow,Corvus cornix,Hooded Crow - Corvus cornix,hoocro1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/hooded-crow,"The Hooded Crow is closely related to the Carrion Crow, which until recently was regarded as the same species. In areas where the two species overlap, there may be some interbreeding with hybrids showing a mixed grey and black body plumage. Like Carrion Crows, Hooded Crows also feed on dead animals. Unlike crows, they can be more sociable in the feeding habits and groups of them may be seen together in fields."
Hoopoe,Upupa epops,Common Hoopoe - Upupa epops,hoopoe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/hoopoe,"The Hoopoe is an exotic looking bird that is the size of a Mistle Thrush. It has a pinkish-brown body, striking black and white wings, a black downcurved bill, and a pinkish-brown crest which it raises when excited. 

It does not breed in the UK, but as many as 100 Hoopoes can turn up in spring (mostly seen solo) as birds migrating north to Europe from Africa overshoot and land on the south coast of England. Hoopoes are listed as a Schedule 1 species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
House Martin,Delichon urbicum,Western House Martin - Delichon urbicum,comhom1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/house-martin,"The House Martin is a small bird with glossy blue-black upper parts and pure white under parts. It has a distinctive white rump with a forked tail and, on close inspection, white feathers covering its legs and toes. It spends much of its time in flight, collecting insect prey. The bird's mud nest is usually located below the eaves of buildings. They are summer migrants and spend their winters in Africa. Although still numerous and widespread, recent moderate declines earn them a place on the Red List."
House Sparrow,Passer domesticus,House Sparrow - Passer domesticus,houspa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/house-sparrow,"These noisy and sociable birds are found around the world, thanks to their cheerful ability to make the most of humanity's rubbish and wastefulness. But monitoring suggests a severe decline in the UK House Sparrow population, recently estimated as dropping by 71% between 1977 and 2008 with large falls in both rural and urban populations. Their numbers are still dropping in England, Breeding Bird Survey data indicates recent population increases in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland."
Iceland Gull,Larus glaucoides,Iceland Gull - Larus glaucoides,y00478,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/iceland-gull,"The Iceland Gull is a medium-size gull, smaller than most Herring Gulls. It has a rounded head and smallish beak, giving it a dove-like expression. It has very pale plumage and white wing tips and, like the Glaucous Gull, it is sometimes referred to as a 'white-winged' gull. It is a winter visitor, with small numbers of birds, usually seen alone. It breeds in the Arctic and winters as far south as New York and Britain."
Jack Snipe,Lymnocryptes minimus,Jack Snipe - Lymnocryptes minimus,jacsni,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/jack-snipe,"Smaller and more compact than the Snipe, and with a much shorter bill. It's a secretive bird and when approached it tends to crouch down, relying on its camouflaged plumage, only flying at the last minute. It flies low and rapidly drops down again, unlike Snipes which zig-zag and then fly off high. When feeding it has a characteristic bouncing motion, as if on a spring."
Jackdaw,Coloeus monedula,Eurasian Jackdaw - Coloeus monedula,eurjac,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/jackdaw,"This is a small black crow with a distinctive silvery sheen to the back of its head. Its pale eyes stand out from its plumage. The Jackdaw's call – a familiar hard 'tchack' – gives it its name. It will often nest in chimneys, buildings, rock crevices and tree holes."
Jay,Garrulus glandarius,Eurasian Jay - Garrulus glandarius,eurjay1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/jay,"Although they're the most colourful members of the crow family, Jays are actually quite difficult to see. They are shy woodland birds, rarely moving far from cover. The screaming call usually lets you know a Jay is nearby and it is usually given when a bird is on the move, so watch for a bird flying between the trees with its distinctive flash of white on the rump. Jays are famous for their acorn feeding habits and in the autumn you may see them burying acorns for retrieving later in the winter."
Kestrel,Falco tinnunculus,Common Kestrel - Falco tinnunculus,eurkes,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/kestrel,"Kestrels are a familiar sight, with their pointed wings and long tail, hovering beside a roadside verge. Numbers of Kestrels have declined since the 1970s, probably as a result of changes in farming, and so it is included on the Amber List.

They have adapted readily to man-made environments and can survive right in the centre of cities."
Kingfisher,Alcedo atthis,Common Kingfisher - Alcedo atthis,comkin1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/kingfisher,"Kingfishers are small unmistakable bright blue and orange birds of slow-moving or still water. They fly rapidly, low over water, and hunt fish from riverside perches, occasionally hovering above the water's surface. They're vulnerable to hard winters and habitat degradation through pollution or poor management of watercourses. They are also listed as a Schedule 1 species under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, offering them additional protection."
Kittiwake,Rissa tridactyla,Black-legged Kittiwake - Rissa tridactyla,bklkit,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/kittiwake,"Kittiwakes are gentle-looking, medium-sized gulls with a small yellow bill and a dark eye. They have a grey back with white underneath. Their legs are long and black. In flight, the black wing-tips show no white, unlike other gulls, and look as if they have been 'dipped in ink'. The population is declining in some areas, perhaps due to a shortage of Sandeels. After breeding, birds move out into the Atlantic where they spend the winter."
Knot,Calidris canutus,Red Knot - Calidris canutus,redkno,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/knot,"The Knot is a dumpy, legged, stocky wading bird. In winter, it is grey above and white below. In summer the chest, belly and face are brick-red. In flight, it shows a pale rump and a faint wing-stripe. Birds forms huge flocks in winter, flashing their pale underwings as they twist and turn.

Many Knots use UK estuaries as feeding grounds, both on migration and in winter, and therefore the population is vulnerable to any changes such as barrages, sea-level rises and human disturbance. Large numbers of birds visit the UK in winter from their Arctic breeding grounds."
Lapland Bunting,Calcarius lapponicus,Lapland Bunting - Calcarius lapponicus,laplon,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/lapland-bunting,"Lapland Buntings are lightly larger than a Reed Bunting with a well-marked head pattern, chestnut nape and chestnut wing panel. It spends most of its time on the ground and is often seen in small flocks. Occasional birds are seen in Scotland in the summer, when males have a striking black crown, face and throat. It is listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act, offering it additional protection."
Lapwing,Vanellus vanellus,Northern Lapwing - Vanellus vanellus,norlap,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/lapwing,"Also known as the peewit in imitation of its display calls, its common name describes its wavering flight. Its black-and-white appearance and round-winged shape in flight make it distinctive, even without its splendid crest. This familiar Farmland, bird has suffered significant declines recently and is now a Red List species."
Leach's Petrel,Hydrobates leucorhous,Leach's Storm-Petrel - Hydrobates leucorhous,lcspet,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/leachs-petrel,"The Leach's Petrel is a starling-sized seabird. These birds are all black underneath and mostly black above, apart from a white rump. It has a forked tail. The white rump has a black line down it.

Leach's Petrels breed on remote islands off the UK and feed even further afield. It is specially protected by law and it's important that its breeding colonies are protected from introduced predators such as cats and rats. It is also listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act offering it additional protection.

They spend most of their time at sea, only approaching land to breed at night. Most British and Irish birds migrate in the winter to the tropics, although a few remain in the northern Atlantic."
Lesser Black-backed Gull,Larus fuscus,Lesser Black-backed Gull - Larus fuscus,lbbgul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/lesser-black-backed-gull,"Slightly smaller than a Herring Gull, the Lesser Black-backed Gull has a dark grey to black back and wings, yellow bill and yellow legs. Their world population is found entirely in Europe. After declines in the 19th century due to persecution, they increased their range and numbers. But this trend is beginning to reverse and there is serious concern about declines in many parts of its range. The UK is home to 40% of the European population most of which are found at a handful of sites. This means the species is now on the Amber List."
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker,Dendrocopos minor,Lesser Spotted Woodpecker - Dryobates minor,leswoo1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/lesser-spotted-woodpecker,"The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is the smallest and least common of the three woodpeckers that are resident in Britain. The male is distinguished from the female by his bright red crown. It tends to nest and feed higher up and is quieter in its tapping. Usually located by its call, and its drumming. When feeding, it creeps along branches and flutters from branch to branch, moving with a bouncing flight in the open."
Lesser Whitethroat,Curruca curruca,Lesser Whitethroat - Curruca curruca,leswhi4,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/lesser-whitethroat,"As the name suggests, this warbler is smaller than its cousin, the Whitethroat. It sports dark cheek feathers which contrast with its pale throat and can give it a 'masked' look. When it flits from cover you might see the white outer feathers of its tail. Lesser Whitethroats are hard to see and often only noticed when they give their harsh, rattling song, or 'tacking' call."
Linnet,Linaria cannabina,Common Linnet - Linaria cannabina,eurlin1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/linnet,"A small and slim finch that's widespread and was once very popular as a caged bird because of its tuneful song. Males are marked with crimson foreheads and chests, females are much browner. It has a bouncing flight, usually twittering as it flies and may be seen in large flocks during the winter.

Linnet numbers have dropped significantly over the past few decades, with the UK population estimated to have fallen by 57% between 1970 and 2014. The latest Breeding Bird Survey results show a decrease in all countries."
Little Auk,Alle alle,Little Auk - Alle alle,doveki,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-auk,"The Little Auk is a small seabird, of similar size to a Starling. It's black above and white below, and in flight it shows dark underwings. It has a black stubby bill, and a short neck and tail. It flies with very fast whirring wingbeats low over the sea. A winter visitor to the waters around the UK, it's seen in small numbers each year. It breeds in the Arctic and winters in the North Atlantic. Some birds enter the North Sea in autumn and large numbers can be seen passing offshore during gales."
Little Egret,Egretta garzetta,Little Egret - Egretta garzetta,litegr,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-egret,"The Little Egret is a small white heron with attractive white plumes on crest, back and chest, black legs and bill and yellow feet. It first appeared in the UK in significant numbers in 1989 and first bred in Dorset in 1996. Its arrival followed naturally from a range expansion into western and northern France in previous decades. It is now at home on numerous south coast sites, both as a breeding species and as a winter visitor."
Little Grebe,Tachybaptus ruficollis,Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis,litgre1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-grebe,"The Little Grebe is a small, dumpy grebe which often appears to have a 'fluffy' rear end. It readily dives when disturbed, surfacing unseen some distance away. In summer it has a bright chestnut throat and cheeks and a pale gape patch at the base of the bill. It can be noisy, with a distinctive whinnying trill."
Little Gull,Hydrocoloeus minutus,Little Gull - Hydrocoloeus minutus,litgul,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-gull,"The Little Gull is a small, dainty gull. In summer, adults have black heads, while young birds have a black mark on each wing forming a 'W' pattern. In flight, adults show a pale grey upperwing, with no black wingtips, and a very dark grey underwing.

Little Gulls are listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Little Owl,Athene noctua,Little Owl - Athene noctua,litowl1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-owl,"This small owl was introduced to the UK in the 19th century. It can be seen in the daylight, usually perching on a tree branch, telegraph pole or rock. It will bob its head up and down when alarmed. In flight, it has rounded wings, rapid wingbeats and flies with a slight bounce.

Breeding Bird Survey data suggests that Little Owl numbers are declining, with the UK population estimated to be down by 24 per cent between 1995 and 2008."
Little Ringed Plover,Charadrius dubius,Little Ringed Plover - Thinornis dubius,lirplo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-ringed-plover,"The Little Ringed Plover is a small plover with a distinctive black and white head pattern, similar to the Ringed Plover. It has a black beak and pale (not orange) legs. Close views reveal a distinctive yellow eye-ring. In flight, it shows a plain brown wing without the white wing stripe that Ringed Plover has.

It first bred in the UK in 1938 and is now a year-round resident of a large part of England and Wales – thanks to man-made habitats such as gravel pits. It's listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Little Stint,Calidris minuta,Little Stint - Calidris minuta,litsti,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-stint,"The Little Stint is a tiny wading bird with a straight fine black bill and medium-length black legs. It is brownish-grey above (grey in winter) and it is very white underneath. Autumn birds have two pale stripes or 'braces' down the back. It does not breed in the UK, but is a passage migrant, with most birds being juveniles seen in autumn. It is much rarer in spring, when small numbers of adults are seen, and very few birds spend the winter here, most migrating to Africa. Often seen with feeding Dunlin."
Little Tern,Sternula albifrons,Little Tern - Sternula albifrons,litter1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/little-tern,"This delightful chattering seabird is the UK's smallest tern. It is short-tailed and has a fast flight. Its bill is a distinctive yellow with a black tip. It's noisy in breeding groups, where it also performs its elaborate aerial display. The male calls and carries a fish to attract a mate, who then chases him up high before he descends, gliding with wings in a 'V'.

Its vulnerable nesting sites and its decline in Europe make it an Amber List species. It is also listed as a Schedule 1 species in The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Long-eared Owl,Asio otus,Long-eared Owl - Asio otus,loeowl,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/long-eared-owl,"The Long-eared Owl is a medium-sized owl, smaller than a Woodpigeon. It often looks long and thin, with head feathers (known as ear tufts, even though they are not ears) which it raises when alarmed. It is light brown with darker brown streaks and deep orange eyes.

It breeds widely across the UK with fewer birds in the southwest and Wales. Northern birds migrate southwards, including birds from Europe coming to spend the winter in the UK, while southern birds are residents and only move distances to find food."
Long-tailed Duck,Clangula hyemalis,Long-tailed Duck - Clangula hyemalis,lotduc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/long-tailed-duck,"The Long-tailed Duck is a small, neat sea duck. They have small round heads and steep foreheads. In winter, the male is mainly white with some brownish-black markings. It also has greatly elongated tail feathers which give it its name. Females are browner. When in flight, they show their all dark wings and white bellies.

They don't breed in the UK, but protection of their wintering sites is important, because they're vulnerable to oil pollution at sea. They're a winter visitor and passage migrant to the UK, most commonly from Northumberland to northern Scotland. Long-tailed Ducks are listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Long-tailed Skua,Stercorarius icaudus,Long-tailed Skua - Stercorarius longicaudus,lotjae,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/long-tailed-skua,"The Long-tailed Skua is a medium-sized seabird and our smallest skua. It is the size of a black-headed gull, with slim wings and delicate tail streamers. It is greyish above and dusky below with a pale breast. It has a dark cap on the head and has a dark bill. Juvenile birds are greyer and more stripey than young Arctic and Pomarine Skuas, but are tricky to identify.

It's a passage migrant to the UK, breeding in the high Arctic. Good numbers of birds spend the winter off west African coasts and off Brazilian and Argentinian coasts."
Long-tailed Tit,Aegithalos caudatus,Long-tailed Tit - Aegithalos caudatus,lottit1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/long-tailed-tit,"The Long-tailed Tit is easily recognisable with its distinctive blush, black and white colouring. It also has a tail which is bigger than its body, and a bouncing flight. Sociable and noisy residents, Long-tailed Tits are most usually noticed in small, excitable flocks of about 20 birds.

Like most tits, they rove the woods and hedgerows, but are also seen on heaths and commons with suitable bushes."
Magpie,Pica pica,Common Magpie - Pica pica,eurmag1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/magpie,"With its noisy chattering, black-and-white plumage and long tail, there's nothing else quite like the Magpie in the UK. When seen close-up, its black plumage reveals a purplish-blue iridescent sheen to the wing feathers and a green gloss to the tail.

Magpies seem to be jacks of all trades – scavengers, predators and pest-destroyers. Non-breeding birds will gather together in flocks."
Mallard,Anas platyrhynchos,Mallard - Anas platyrhynchos,mallar3,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/mallard,"The Mallard is a large and heavy-looking duck. It has a long body, and a long and broad bill. The male has a dark green head, a yellow bill, is mainly purple-brown on the breast and grey on the body. The female is mainly brown with an orange bill.

Mallards breed in all parts of the UK in summer and winter, wherever there are suitable wetland habitats, although it is rarer in upland areas. In the UK, Mallards may be resident breeders or migrants – many of the birds that breed in Iceland and northern Europe spend the winter here."
Mandarin Duck,Aix galericulata,Mandarin Duck - Aix galericulata,manduc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/mandarin-duck,"The male Mandarin Duck has very elaborate and decorative plumage with distinctive orange feathers on the side of the face, a purple chest, large orange feathers that stick up like sails on its back, and pale orange flanks (its lower sides). The female is not as brightly-coloured, with a grey head and white stripe behind the eye, brown back and mottled lower sides.

They were introduced to the UK from China and have become established following escapes from captivity."
Manx Shearwater,Puffinus puffinus,Manx Shearwater - Puffinus puffinus,manshe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/manx-shearwater,"The Manx Shearwater is a small shearwater. Its straight slim wings are black above and white below. It flies with a series of rapid stiff-winged flaps followed by long glides over the surface of the sea, occasionally banking or 'shearing' (tilting in flight, with one wing held higher than the other).

It breeds in groups in the UK, on offshore islands where it is safe from rats and other ground predators. Birds leave their nest sites in July to migrate to the coast of South America, where they spend the winter, returning in late February and March."
Marsh Harrier,Circus aeruginosus,Western Marsh Harrier - Circus aeruginosus,wemhar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/marsh-harrier,"The largest of the harriers, the Marsh Harrier can be recognised by its long tail and light flight with wings held in a shallow 'V'. It is distinguishable from other harriers by its larger size, heavier build, broader wings and absence of white on the rump. Females are larger than males and have obvious creamy heads.

Its future in the UK is now more secure than at any time during the last century, but historical declines and subsequent recovery means it is an Amber List species. Marsh Harriers are a Schedule 1 listed bird on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Marsh Tit,Poecile palustris,Marsh Tit - Poecile palustris,martit2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/marsh-tit,"The Marsh Tit is a small, mainly brown bird, with a shiny black cap, dark bib and pale belly. In the UK, its identification is made tricky by the very similar appearance of native Willow Tits. They're so hard to identify that ornithologists (scientists who study birds) didn't realise there were two species until 1897."
Marsh Warbler,Acrocephalus palustris,Marsh Warbler - Acrocephalus palustris,marwar3,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/marsh-warbler,"This master singer is so rare that few people in the UK get to hear it. It looks similar to the Reed Warbler, but is whiter below, more olive above and has pale legs. Like other warblers it is highly active, searching its habitat of shrubs and dense vegetation for food.

Though it's thought to have a secure population within Europe, the UK population of Marsh Warblers has fallen and is now of serious conservation concern. It is a Schedule 1 listed bird of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Meadow Pipit,Anthus pratensis,Meadow Pipit - Anthus pratensis,meapip1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/meadow-pipit,"A small, brown, and streaky bird, the Meadow Pipit is the most common songbird in upland areas. Its high, piping call is a familiar sound. In flight, it shows white outer tail feathers and, in the breeding season, it has a fluttering display flight. In winter, they are quite sociable and gather in small flocks, often hidden among plants, suddenly flying up with their typical jerky flight. Meadow Pipit numbers in the UK have been declining since the mid-1970s, resulting in this species being included on the Amber List of conservation concern."
Mediterranean Gull,Larus melanocephalus,Mediterranean Gull - Ichthyaetus melanocephalus,medgul1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/mediterranean-gull,"The Mediterranean Gull is slightly larger than a Black-headed Gull, with an all-black head in the breeding season. Adults have white wing-tips and underwings and the younger birds have more wing markings. It has a large, slightly drooping beak, bright red in adults.

A very rare UK bird until the 1950s, it's now widespread in winter and breeding in ever-increasing numbers. Its present UK breeding population makes it an Amber List species. It is a Schedule 1 listed bird of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Merlin,Falco columbarius,Merlin - Falco columbarius,merlin,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/merlin,"The UK's smallest bird of prey, this compact, dashing falcon has a relatively square-cut tail and rather broad-based pointed wings, shorter than those of other falcons. Its wingbeat tends to be rapid with occasional glides, wings held close to the body.

In winter, the UK population increases as most of the Icelandic breeding birds migrate to our warmer climate. Although recovering from a population crash in the late 20th century, it is on the Red List. It is a Schedule 1 listed species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Mistle Thrush,Turdus viscivorus,Mistle Thrush - Turdus viscivorus,misthr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/mistle-thrush,"The Mistle Thrush is a pale, black-spotted thrush – large and powerful. It stands boldly upright and bounds across the ground. In flight, it has long wings and its tail has whitish edges. It's most likely to be noticed perched high at the top of a tree, singing its fluty song or giving its rattling call in flight."
Montagu's Harrier,Circus pygargus,Montagu's Harrier - Circus pygargus,monhar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/montagus-harrier,"The Montagu's Harrier is a slim, medium-sized, long-winged bird of prey. It has a long tail, is smaller than a Buzzard, and has more pointed wings than the similar Hen Harrier. The male is grey on top. In flight, it shows black wingtips and a black stripe across the inner wing. The female is dark brown.

It is an extremely rare breeding bird in the UK, and its status is precarious. Each pair needs special protection. It seems increasingly to be nesting on arable farmland rather than on marshes. It is a summer visitor, and migrates to Africa to spend the winter.

Montagu's Harrier are a Schedule 1 listed species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Moorhen,Gallinula chloropus,Common Moorhen - Gallinula chloropus,commoo3,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/moorhen,"Moorhens are blackish with a red and yellow beak and green legs. Seen closer-up, they have a dark brown back and wings and a more bluish-black belly, with white stripes on the flanks."
Mute Swan,Cygnus olor,Mute Swan - Cygnus olor,mutswa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/mute-swan,NOT_FOUND
Nightingale,Luscinia megarhynchos,Common Nightingale - Luscinia megarhynchos,comnig1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/nightingale,"Nightingales are slightly larger than Robins, with a robust, broad-tailed, rather plain brown appearance. They are secretive birds and extremely local in their distribution in the UK, while in much of southern Europe they are common and more easily seen.

They are known for their melodic song, with a fast succession of high, low and rich notes that few other species can match."
Nightjar,Caprimulgus europaeus,Eurasian Nightjar - Caprimulgus europaeus,eurnig1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/nightjar,"Nightjars are nocturnal birds and can be seen hunting for food at dusk and dawn. With pointed wings and long tails, their shape is similar to a Kestrel or Cuckoo. Their grey-brown, mottled, streaked and stripey plumage provides ideal camouflage in the daytime.

They have an almost supernatural reputation thanks to their silent flight and their mythical ability to steal milk from goats. The first indication that a Nightjar is near is usually the male's churring song, rising and falling."
Nuthatch,Sitta europaea,Eurasian Nuthatch - Sitta europaea,eurnut2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/nuthatch,"The Nuthatch is a plump bird about the size of a Great Tit that resembles a small Woodpecker. It's blue-grey on top and whitish below, with chestnut on its sides and under its tail. It has a black stripe on its head, a long black pointed bill and short legs.

It breeds throughout England and Wales and has recently begun to breed in southern Scotland. It is a resident, with birds rarely travelling far from the woods where they hatch."
Osprey,Pandion haliaetus,Osprey - Pandion haliaetus,osprey,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/osprey,"When seen in flight from below, the Osprey has white or slightly mottled underparts. The wings are angled, bending at the 'wrist' (middle) which has a black patch contrasting with the white wing linings and, at a distance, it could be mistaken for a large gull.

This spectacular fish-eating bird of prey is an Amber List species because of its historical decline (due to illegal killing) and low breeding numbers. They are listed as a Schedule 1 species on The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Oystercatcher,Haematopus ostralegus,Eurasian Oystercatcher - Haematopus ostralegus,euroys1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/oystercatcher,"The Oystercatcher is a large, stocky, black and white wading bird. It has an orange-red bill and reddish-pink legs. In flight it shows a wide, white wing-stripe, a black tail and a white rump that extends as a 'V' between the wings.

Because it eats cockles, the population is vulnerable if cockle beds are overfished.

They breed on almost all UK coasts. During the last 50 years, more birds have started breeding inland. Most UK birds spend the winter on the coast where they are joined on the east coast by birds from Norway."
Parrot Crossbill,Loxia pytyopsittacus,Parrot Crossbill - Loxia pytyopsittacus,parcro2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/parrot-crossbill,"The Parrot Crossbill is a large, powerful finch. It has a deep parrot-like bill and a sharply forked tail. The male is orange to red with dusky wings and tail, the female is olive-green or grey. It is very similar to the Crossbill and Scottish Crossbill – the bill structure and the distinctive, deeper call is the most reliable way to separate them.

Groups of Parrot Crossbills come to Britain from Europe in years when the cone crop has failed there. It has started to breed away from its stronghold in Abernethy Forest. They are listed on Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Pectoral Sandpiper,Calidris melanotos,Pectoral Sandpiper - Calidris melanotos,pecsan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pectoral-sandpiper,"The Pectoral Sandpiper is a bit bigger than a Dunlin. It has a brown, streaky breast, white belly, a slightly downcurved bill and yellow-brown legs. The brown breastband (which gives the species its name) and white belly are its most distinctive features. It is a visitor from America."
Peregrine Falcon,Falco peregrinus,Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus,perfal,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/peregrine-falcon,"The Peregrine is a large and powerful falcon. It has broad, pointed wings and a relatively short tail. Blue-grey on top, with a blackish top of the head, its obvious black 'moustache' contrasts with its white face. The breast is finely striped. It's swift and agile in flight, chasing prey.

The strongholds of the breeding birds in the UK are the uplands of the north and west and rocky seacoasts. Peregrines were at a low point in the 1960s due to human persecution and the impact of pesticides in the food chain. Improved legislation and protection has helped the birds to recover and they have now expanded into many urban areas.

But they are still persecuted – birds are illegally killed to stop them preying on game birds and racing pigeons. They also have eggs and chicks taken for collections and falconry. Peregrines are a Schedule 1 listed species of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Pheasant,Phasianus colchicus,Common Pheasant - Phasianus colchicus,rinphe1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pheasant,"Pheasants are large, long-tailed game birds. The males have rich chestnut, golden-brown and black markings on their bodies and tails, with a dark green head and red face wattling. Females are mottled with paler brown and black. 

They were introduced to the UK long ago and more recent introductions have brought in a variety of breeds for sport shooting."
Pied Flycatcher,Ficedula hypoleuca,European Pied Flycatcher - Ficedula hypoleuca,eupfly1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pied-flycatcher,"The Pied Flycatcher is a small, flycatching bird, slightly smaller than a House Sparrow. The male is mostly black on the upperparts and white underneath, with a bold white patch on the folded wing. Females are browner.

It's a summer visitor and breeds mainly in western areas, spending the winter in West Africa."
Pied Wagtail,Motacilla alba,Pied Wagtail/White Wagtail - Motacilla alba,whiwag,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pied-wagtail,"The Pied Wagtail is a delightful small, long-tailed and rather sprightly black and white bird. When it's not standing and frantically wagging its tail up and down, it can be seen dashing about over lawns or car parks in search of food.

It often calls during its bouncing flight and can be seen gathering at dusk to form large roosts in city centres."
Pink-footed Goose,Anser brachyrhynchus,Pink-footed Goose - Anser brachyrhynchus,pifgoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pink-footed-goose,"The Pink-footed Goose is a medium-sized goose, smaller than a Mute Swan but bigger than a Mallard. It is pinkish grey with a dark head and neck, a pink bill and pink feet and legs.

This species does not breed in the UK, but large numbers of birds spend the winter here, arriving from their breeding grounds in Spitsbergen, Iceland and Greenland. Numbers in England are on the increase, particularly in Norfolk, probably due to better protection at winter roosts."
Pintail,Anas acuta,Northern Pintail - Anas acuta,norpin,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pintail,"Slightly bigger than a Mallard, these long-necked and small-headed ducks fly with curved back pointed wings and a tapering tail, making this the best way to distinguish them from other ducks in the UK.

The Pintail is a 'quarry' species, meaning that it can be legally shot in winter, but - unlike in parts of Europe - it does not appear that shooting is affecting their population status in the UK. The small breeding population and significant winter population make them an Amber List species."
Pochard,Aythya ferina,Common Pochard - Aythya ferina,compoc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/pochard,"In winter and spring, male Pochards are very distinctive. They have a bright reddish-brown head, a black breast and tail and a pale grey body. Females are more easily confused with other species – they are brown with a greyish body and pale cheeks.

But, during the 'eclipse' – when ducks grow new feathers – the males look very similar to the females. They become more camouflaged so that they don't draw the attention of predators."
Ptarmigan,Lagopus muta,Rock Ptarmigan - Lagopus muta,rocpta1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/ptarmigan,"The Ptarmigan is a game bird, slightly larger than a Grey Partridge. In summer, it is a mixture of grey, brown and black on top with white bellies and wings. In winter, it becomes totally white, except for its tail and eye-patch, which remain black.

It breeds in the highest mountains of the Highlands of Scotland on the Arctic-like landscape there. Birds are residents, rarely moving far from breeding sites. In extreme cold weather, birds may move from the highest ground to the edge of forests."
Puffin,Fratercula arctica,Atlantic Puffin - Fratercula arctica,atlpuf,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/puffin,"Puffins are unmistakable birds with their black back and white underparts, distinctive black head with large pale cheeks and their tall, flattened, brightly-coloured bill. Its comical appearance is heightened by its red and black eye-markings and bright orange legs.

Used as a symbol for books and other items, this clown among seabirds is one of the world's favourite birds. With half of the UK population at only a few sites, it's a Red List species."
Purple Sandpiper,Calidris maritima,Purple Sandpiper - Calidris maritima,pursan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/purple-sandpiper,"The Purple Sandpiper is a medium-sized wading bird that is larger, stockier and darker than a Dunlin. It is mainly dark grey above and whitish below. It has a downcurved beak and bright orange legs. In flight, it shows a white wing-stripe.

A couple of pairs nest in Scotland, but this species is mainly a winter visitor to almost any rocky coast in the UK. Most are found in Orkney, Shetland and along the east coast of Scotland and northern England – it is rare south of Yorkshire, except in Devon and Cornwall. The breeding areas in Scotland are kept secret to protect the birds from egg thieves and disturbance.

It is listed on Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Quail,Coturnix coturnix,Common Quail - Coturnix coturnix,comqua1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/quail,"The combination of their stocky bodies and pointed wings makes Quails stand out. Their upperparts are brown, streaked and striped with beige, while their underparts are a warm browny orange.

Quails are more likely to be heard than seen. Listen out for their distinctive “pick-per-wick” call.

Their breeding range reaches as far north as the UK, where they are the only migrant species of the Phasianidae family, which includes heavy ground-living birds such as the Pheasant.

Due to their historical decline, Quails are on the Amber List but are now in partial recovery. They are also listed on Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981."
Raven,Corvus corax,Common Raven - Corvus corax,comrav,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/raven,"The common Raven is a large all-black bird, a member of the crow family. It is massive – the biggest member of the crow family. Look for its large bill and long wings. In flight, it shows a diamond-shaped tail.

Ravens breed mainly in the west and north although they are currently expanding their range eastwards. Most birds are residents, though some birds – especially non-breeders and young birds – wander from their breeding areas but don't travel far."
Razorbill,Alca torda,Razorbill - Alca torda,razorb,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/razorbill,"The Razorbill is a medium-sized seabird. It's black on top and white below, with a thick black beak that's deep and blunt, unlike the thinner bill of the similar Guillemot. It breeds around the coast of the UK, with the largest groups in northern Scotland. There are no breeding birds between the Humber and the Isle of Wight. Birds only come to shore to breed and winter in the northern Atlantic. The future of this species depends on the health of our oceans. Fishing nets, pollution and falling fish numbers all threaten the Razorbill."
Red Grouse,Lagopus lagopus,Red Grouse - Lagopus scotica,wilpta1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-grouse,"The Red Grouse is a medium-sized game bird. It has a short tail and a lightly hook-tipped bill. It's reddish-brown, with legs and feet that are covered in pale feathers. Birds breed in the UK in the uplands of the north and west and are resident all year round, travelling very little in their lives. The population is declining, perhaps due to diseases and the loss of heather moorland."
Red Kite,Milvus milvus,Red Kite - Milvus milvus,redkit1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-kite,"This magnificently graceful bird of prey is unmistakable with its reddish-brown body, angled wings and deeply forked tail. It was saved from national extinction by one of the world's longest-running protection programmes. It has now been successfully re-introduced to England and Scotland. Red Kites are listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Red-backed Shrike,Lanius collurio,Red-backed Shrike - Lanius collurio,rebshr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-backed-shrike,"Red-backed Shrikes are slightly larger, but slimmer, than House Sparrows. The male is unmistakable with a bluish-grey head, black mask, bright chestnut back and thick black bill. Shrikes like to perch on the tops of bushes, fence posts and telephone wires, where they have a good view of potential prey. Their catches are taken to their 'larder' where they are impaled on a thorn or wedged into branches for later.

Dramatic declines have seen the Red-backed Shrike become almost extinct as a UK breeding species, and they are now a Red List bird. It's also listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Red-breasted Merganser,Mergus serrator,Red-breasted Merganser - Mergus serrator,rebmer,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-breasted-merganser,"These handsome diving ducks belong to the sawbill family, named for their serrated bills, used for catching fish. Their diet of fish like Salmon and Trout has brought them into conflict with game fishermen. At home on both fresh and saltwater, Red-breasted Mergansers are most commonly seen around the UK's coastline in winter. They are very sociable, forming flocks of several hundreds in the autumn."
Red-crested Pochard,Netta rufina,Red-crested Pochard - Netta rufina,recpoc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-crested-pochard,"Larger than a Pochard, the male has an orange-brown head with a red beak and pale flanks (lower sides). Females are brown with pale cheeks. In flight, they show whitish underwings. They dive, dabble and up-end for their food. There is a large population in Spain but smaller numbers in France, Netherlands and Germany. Occasional wild birds may come to the UK from the Continent. The UK breeding birds almost certainly all come from escaped birds."
Red-legged Partridge,Alectoris rufa,Red-legged Partridge - Alectoris rufa,relpar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-legged-partridge,"Larger than the Grey Partridge, it has a large white chin and throat patch, bordered with black. It has a greyish body with bold black stripes on its lower sides and a chestnut-sided tail. It's an introduced species, brought to the UK from continental Europe, where it's largely found in France and Spain."
Red-necked Grebe,Podiceps grisegena,Red-necked Grebe - Podiceps grisegena,rengre,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-necked-grebe,"Like all grebes, this is an expert swimmer and diver. Its winter plumage is similar to a Great Crested Grebe but has a thicker neck and a stout dark bill with a yellow base. It has a brown body, a black crown with whitish cheeks and, in summer, a red neck and breast.

It's suspected to breed in the UK but the potential sites are kept secret and birds are given special protection. Less than 20 individuals spend the summer in the UK each year, with numbers increasing slightly in the winter when birds move here from colder Europe."
Red-necked Phalarope,Phalaropus lobatus,Red-necked Phalarope - Phalaropus lobatus,renpha,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-necked-phalarope,"These small, delicate waders are adapted well to spending a lot of time on water. Unlike other waders, Phalaropes have lobed toes which enable them to swim strongly when on pools or out at sea. They spend most of their time in the water but can also run about on land. The duller coloured male looks after the eggs and young after laying. As a rare UK breeding species, it's a Red List bird. They're listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Red-throated Diver,Gavia stellata,Red-throated Diver - Gavia stellata,retloo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/red-throated-diver,"The smallest of the UK's divers, look for its grey-brown plumage and up-tilted bill to distinguish it from the other species. In summer, it has a distinctive red throat. They usually jump up to dive and can stay underwater for a minute and a half. They are very ungainly on land, only coming ashore to breed. They are listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Redpoll,Acanthis flammea,Redpoll - Acanthis flammea,redpol1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/redpoll,"Redpolls are small, streaky finches with a patch of red on their forehead. Adult males also show red on their breasts, particularly during the breeding season. In winter, they form flocks, often mixed with Siskins add Goldfinches, roaming woodland and acrobatically feeding on seeds in birches and alders. Redpolls are now considered to be just one species, but there are several subspecies. The larger and paler Mealy Redpoll - once considered a species in its own right - visits the UK in winter from Scandinavia."
Redshank,Tringa totanus,Common Redshank - Tringa totanus,comred1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/redshank,"As its name suggests, Redshanks' most distinctive features are their bright orange-red legs. They have a medium-length bill and an orange base to match. Their back and wings are brown and speckled, while their belly is paler in colour."
Redstart,Phoenicurus phoenicurus,Common Redstart - Phoenicurus phoenicurus,comred2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/redstart,"Redstarts are easily identified by their bright orange-red tails which they often quiver. Breeding males look smart, with slate grey upper parts, black faces and wings and an orange rump and chest. Females and young are browner with some chestnut tail feathers and pale bellies. Redstarts 'bob' in a very Robin-like manner, but spend little time at ground level. It's included on the Amber List of species with unfavourable conservation status in Europe where it is declining."
Redwing,Turdus iliacus,Redwing - Turdus iliacus,redwin,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/redwing,"The Redwing is usually a winter visitor and is the UK's smallest true thrush. Look for the creamy strip above its eye and the orange-red flank patches.

They roam across the UK's countryside, feeding in fields and hedgerows, rarely visiting gardens, except in the coldest weather when snow covers the fields. Only a few pairs nest in the UK. It is listed as a Schedule 1 species of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Reed Bunting,Emberiza schoeniclus,Common Reed Bunting - Emberiza schoeniclus,reebun,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/reed-bunting,"Reed Buntings are sparrow-sized but slim, with a deeply notched tail. The male has a black head, white collar and a drooping moustache. Females and winter males have a streaked head. In flight, the tail looks black with broad, white edges."
Reed Warbler,Acrocephalus scirpaceus,Common Reed Warbler - Acrocephalus scirpaceus,eurwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/reed-warbler,"The Reed Warbler is a plain unstreaked warbler. It's warm brown on top and beige underneath. A summer visitor to breed in the UK, the largest concentrations are East Anglia and along the south coast. There are relatively few breeding in Scotland and Ireland. It spends winters in Africa."
Ring Ouzel,Turdus torquatus,Ring Ouzel - Turdus torquatus,rinouz1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/ring-ouzel,"Ring Ouzels are slightly smaller and slimmer than a Blackbird. Males have distinctive black plumage with a pale wing panel and striking white breast band. The Ring Ouzel is mostly an upland bird, where it breeds in steep sided-valleys, crags and gullies, from near sea level in the far north of Scotland up to 1,200m in the Cairngorms.

Breeding begins in mid-April and continues through to mid-July, with two broods common. Nests are located on or close to the ground in vegetation (typically in heather), in a crevice, or sometimes in a tree. The young are fed a diet of mainly earthworms and beetles."
Ring-necked Parakeet,Psittacula krameri,Ring-necked Parakeet - Psittacula krameri,rorpar,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/ring-necked-parakeet,"The UK's only naturalised parrot. It's medium-sized with a green body, long-tail, red beak and a pink and black ring around its face and neck. In flight, it has pointed wings and a long tail. It flies very steadily, directly and speedily. It's often found in flocks, which can reach hundreds at a roost site. Its loud call often gives it away."
Ringed Plover,Charadrius hiaticula,Common Ringed Plover - Charadrius hiaticula,corplo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/ringed-plover,"The Ringed Plover is a small, dumpy, short-legged wading bird. It's brownish grey above and whitish below. It has an orange bill, tipped with black, orange legs and a black-and-white pattern on its head and breast. In flight, it shows a broad, white wing-stripe.

They mostly breed on beaches around the coast, but they have also now begun breeding inland in sand and gravel pits and former industrial sites. Many UK birds live here all year round, but birds from Europe winter in Britain, and birds from Greenland and Canada pass through on migration."
Robin,Erithacus rubecula,European Robin - Erithacus rubecula,eurrob1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/robin,"The UK's favourite bird. Thanks to its bright red breast, it's familiar throughout the year and especially at Christmas. Males and females look identical, young birds have no red breast and are spotted with golden brown. Robins sing nearly all year round and despite their cute appearance, they are aggressively territorial and are quick to drive away intruders. They will sing at night next to street lights."
Rock Dove/Feral Pigeon,Columba livia,Rock Dove - Columba livia,rocpig,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/rock-dove-feral-pigeon,"The Rock Dove is the wild ancestor of domestic Pigeons the world over, which were originally domesticated to provide food. Feral Pigeons come in all shades, some bluer, others blacker – some are pale grey with darker checked markings, others an unusual shade of dull brick-red or cinnamon-brown. Some can be more or less white while others look exactly like wild Rock Doves."
Rock Pipit,Anthus petrosus,Rock Pipit - Anthus petrosus,rocpip1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/rock-pipit,"The Rock Pipit is a large stocky pipit, bigger than a Meadow Pipit and smaller than a Starling. It's streaky olive-brown on top and dirty white underneath, with dark streaking. It breeds around the coast where there are rocky beaches. Most of the birds which breed in the UK are residents, with only the young birds dispersing once they become independent. Some birds arrive here from Norway to spend the winter."
Rook,Corvus frugilegus,Rook - Corvus frugilegus,rook1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/rook,"The Rook's bare, greyish-white face, thinner beak and peaked head distinguish it from the Carrion Crow. Rooks are very sociable birds and you're not likely to see one on its own. They feed and roost in flocks in winter, often together with Jackdaws."
Roseate Tern,Sterna dougallii,Roseate Tern - Sterna dougallii,roster,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/roseate-tern,"The Roseate is a similar size to a Common Tern but very white-looking, with tail-streamers, a black cap and a black beak with a reddish base. In summer, adults have a pinkish tinge to their underparts which gives them their name. It's one of our rarest seabirds and its severe, long-lasting and well-documented decline make it a Red List species. It is also listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Rough-legged Buzzard,Buteo lagopus,Rough-legged Buzzard - Buteo lagopus,rolhaw,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/rough-legged-buzzard,"A bird of prey very similar to the much more common Buzzard, though only a small number spend winter in the UK. It has the habit of 'hanging' in the air while looking for prey, hovering much more often than Common Buzzards. Key features include the black-tipped white tail, paler appearance than most Common Buzzards, longer wings and paler head. Beware of pale Common Buzzards, they're a hugely variable species. A close view will reveal the heavily feathered legs that give this bird its name."
Ruddy Duck,Oxyura jamaicensis,Ruddy Duck - Oxyura jamaicensis,rudduc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/ruddy-duck,"Ruddy Ducks are small and stout freshwater diving ducks with broad, short wings and narrow, stiff tails. The male Ruddy Duck has a bright chestnut body, black crown, white cheeks and blue bill. They swim buoyantly, often with the tail cocked up, and can also gradually go underwater without diving. They hardly ever leave the water, and are very ungainly on land.
This species is subject to a Government-led eradication programme. As a result, the UK population of Ruddy Ducks now stands at less than 100 birds."
Ruff,Philomachus pugnax,Ruff - Calidris pugnax,ruff,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/ruff,"The Ruff is a medium-sized wading bird. It has a long neck, a small head, a short, slightly droopy bill and medium-long orange or reddish legs. In flight, it shows a faint wing-stripe and oval white patches either side of the tail.

It breeds in just a few lowland sites in eastern England and it appears numbers are dropping. It's usually a migrant bird but, in the UK, some birds are present all year round. Many young birds from Scandinavia visit the UK in late summer, before migrating on to Africa. It is listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act."
Sand Martin,Riparia riparia,Sand Martin - Riparia riparia,banswa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/sand-martin,"Sand Martins are the smallest European hirundines (the collective name for martins and swallows). They have dark brown upper parts and dark under wings, contrasting with pale under parts divided by a distinctive dark chest stripe. They are agile fliers, feeding mainly over water. Look out for them perching on overhead wires or branches. They are sociable in the breeding season and winter. During the past 50 years the European population has crashed on two occasions as a result of drought in the birds' African wintering grounds."
Sanderling,Calidris alba,Sanderling - Calidris alba,sander,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/sanderling,"The Sanderling is a small, plump, energetic wading bird. It has a short and straight black bill and medium length black legs. It's pale grey on top and white underneath, and has a black mark on its shoulder where the folded wing meets the body. It does not breed in the UK, but is a winter visitor and passage migrant in spring and autumn, journeying to and from its high Arctic breeding grounds."
Sandwich Tern,Thalasseus sandvicensis,Sandwich Tern - Thalasseus sandvicensis,santer1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/sandwich-tern,"The Sandwich Tern is mostly white, with a black cap on its head, a black bill with a yellow tip and short black legs. In flight, it shows grey wedges on its wing tips and it has a forked tail. In the UK, many of the important groups survive because they're on nature reserves."
Savi's Warbler,Locustella luscinioides,Savi's Warbler - Locustella luscinioides,savwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/savis-warbler,"Savi's Warbler is right on the edge of its range here in the UK, and its numbers have always been very low and difficult to see. Like most of this family, it's heard before it is seen, with a similar song to the Grasshopper Warbler but less persistent. Patiently watching where the sound is coming from will eventually result in the sight of a warm brown warbler, clinging to a reed."
Scaup,Aythya marila,Greater Scaup - Aythya marila,gresca,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/scaup,"Scaup are diving ducks with a resemblance to Tufted Ducks. Males have black heads, shoulder and breast, white flanks, a grey back and a black tail. Females are brown, with characteristic white patches around the base of the bill. In flight, they show white patches along the length of the back edge of the wing. Only a handful breed in the UK every year, making them our rarest breeding duck."
Scottish Crossbill,Loxia scotica,Scottish Crossbill - Loxia scotica,scocro1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/scottish-crossbill,The Scottish Crossbill is a thick-set finch with a large head and bill. It's very difficult to distinguish from the other members of the crossbill family. It's the UK's only endemic bird species (one found nowhere else in the world).
Sedge Warbler,Acrocephalus schoenobaenus,Sedge Warbler - Acrocephalus schoenobaenus,sedwar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/sedge-warbler,"The Sedge Warbler is a small, quite plump warbler with a striking broad creamy stripe above its eye and greyish-brown legs. It's brown on top with blackish streaks and creamy white underneath.

It's a summer visitor, and spends winters in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. Its song is a noisy, rambling warble compared to the more rhythmic song of the Reed Warbler."
Serin,Serinus serinus,European Serin - Serinus serinus,eurser1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/serin,"Serins are small finches with stubby bills and forked tails. Both males and females have streaky yellow brown upper parts, paler streaked under parts and lemon yellow rumps. Males have bright yellow heads with darker patches on the crown and below the eye, females and juveniles are browner in colour and less distinctive. Since the 1960s, serins have been recorded yearly in the UK in small numbers and have bred sporadically since the 1970s (in Devon, Dorset, Sussex, East Anglia and the Jersey) but no more than one or two pairs a year."
Shag,Gulosus aristotelis,European Shag - Gulosus aristotelis,eursha1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/shag,"Shags are dark, goose-sized birds with long necks. They look similar to Cormorants but are smaller and slimmer with a distinctive steep forehead. In the breeding season, adults develop a dark glossy green plumage and an obvious crest (head feathers) on the front of their head that curves forward.

In the UK, they breed on coastal sites – mainly in the north and west – and more than half of their population is found at less than 10 sites, making them a Red List species. Shags usually stay within 100-200km of their breeding grounds."
Shelduck,Tadorna tadorna,Common Shelduck - Tadorna tadorna,comshe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/shelduck,"This is a big, colourful duck, bigger than a Mallard but smaller than a goose. Both males and females have a dark green head and neck, a chestnut belly stripe and a red bill."
Shore Lark,Eremophila alpestris,Shore Lark - Eremophila alpestris,horlar,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/shore-lark,"A distinctive lark with yellow and black face markings and black 'horns' (feather tufts) in breeding plumage. They are usually only found on the coast. Numbers can vary greatly from one winter to the next. In a good year, a few hundred may be present but, in others, they can be very rare. Watch for them shuffling their way across shingle and sandy beaches."
Short-eared Owl,Asio flammeus,Short-eared Owl - Asio flammeus,sheowl,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/short-eared-owl,"Short-eared Owls are medium sized owls with mottled brown bodies, pale under-wings and yellow eyes. They are often seen hunting during the day. In winter, there's an influx of continental birds (from Scandinavia, Russia, Iceland) to northern, eastern, and parts of central southern England, especially around the coast. They are of European conservation concern and so are an Amber List species."
Shoveler,Anas clypeata,Northern Shoveler - Spatula clypeata,norsho,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/shoveler,"Shovelers are surface feeding ducks with huge spatula-shaped bills. Males have dark green heads, with white breasts and chestnut flanks. Females are mottled brown. In flight, birds show patches of light blue and green on their wings. In the UK, they breed in southern and eastern England, especially around the Ouse Washes, the Humber and the North Kent Marshes and in much smaller numbers in Scotland and western parts of England. In winter, breeding birds move south, and are replaced by an influx of continental birds from further north.

The UK is home to more than 20 percent of the north-west European population, making it an Amber List species."
Siskin,Carduelis spinus,Eurasian Siskin - Spinus spinus,eursis,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/siskin,"The Siskin is a small, lively finch, smaller than a Greenfinch. It has a distinctly forked tail and a narrow bill. The male has a streaky yellow-green body and a black crown and bib. There are yellow patches in the wings and tail. It's a resident breeder from southern England to northern Scotland, but is most numerous in Scotland and Wales. Many breeding birds are residents but in winter, birds also arrive here from Europe."
Skylark,Alauda arvensis,Eurasian Skylark - Alauda arvensis,skylar,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/skylark,"The Skylark is a small brown bird, larger than a sparrow but smaller than a starling. It is streaky brown with a small crest – which can be raised when the bird is excited or alarmed – and a white-sided tail. The wings also have a white rear edge which is visible in flight. It's known for its display flight, vertically up in the air. Its recent and dramatic population declines make it a Red List species."
Slavonian Grebe,Podiceps auritus,Slavonian Grebe - Podiceps auritus,horgre,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/slavonian-grebe,NOT_FOUND
Smew,Mergus albellus,Smew - Mergellus albellus,smew,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/smew,"The Smew is a compact diving duck with a delicate bill. The male is white with a black mask and a black back, the female is grey with a reddish-brown head and white cheek. In flight, it shows black and white wings. It's a winter visitor in small numbers from Scandinavia and Russia. Sometimes birds move here from Holland and Denmark to escape freezing weather. Little is known about this bird on its breeding grounds."
Snipe,Gallinago gallinago,Common Snipe - Gallinago gallinago,comsni,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/snipe,"Snipe are medium sized, skulking wading birds with short legs and long, straight bills. Both sexes are mottled brown above, with paler buff stripes on the back, dark streaks on the chest and pale under parts. They are widespread as a breeding species in the UK, with particularly high densities on northern uplands but lower numbers in southern lowlands (especially south west England). In winter, birds from northern Europe join resident birds.

The UK population of Snipe has undergone moderate declines overall in the past twenty-five years, with particularly steep declines in lowland wet grassland, making it an Amber List species."
Snow Bunting,Plectrophenax nivalis,Snow Bunting - Plectrophenax nivalis,snobun,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/snow-bunting,"Snow Buntings are large buntings, with striking 'snowy' plumages. Males in summer have all white heads and underparts contrasting with a black mantle and wing tips. Females are a more mottled above. In autumn and winter birds develop a sandy/buff wash to their plumage and males have more mottled upperparts.

Globally, they breed around the arctic from Scandinavia to Alaska, Canada and Greenland and migrate south in winter. They are a scarce breeding species in the UK, in Scotland, making them an Amber List species. They are more widespread in winter in the north and east when residents are joined by continental birds.

They are listed under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act, making it illegal to disturb Snow Buntings."
Snow Goose,Anser caerulescens,Snow Goose - Anser caerulescens,snogoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/snow-goose,"The Snow Goose is a medium-sized goose, rather thin-necked with a stout bill. It has two colour forms, one all-white with black wing feathers, which are obvious in flight, the other white-headed with a blue-grey body and wings. It does not breed in the UK, except where escaped it has from captivity. Wild birds breed in Greenland, Arctic North America and Siberia – some migrate south in the autumn to spend the winter on the Atlantic coast of the USA."
Song Thrush,Turdus philomelos,Song Thrush - Turdus philomelos,sonthr1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/song-thrush,"A familiar and popular garden songbird whose numbers have declined significantly on farmland and in towns and cities. It's smaller and browner than a Mistle Thrush with smaller spotting. Its habit of repeating song phrases sets it apart from singing Blackbirds. It likes to eat snails, breaking into them by smashing them against a stone with a flick of the head."
Sooty Shearwater,Puffinus griseus,Sooty Shearwater - Ardenna grisea,sooshe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/sooty-shearwater,"The Sooty Shearwater is a seabird that's smaller than a Herring Gull. It's a large shearwater, with dark brown body and brown wings. Its bill is dark and when seen close up, there is a pale band along the underneath of the wings.

It does not breed in the UK, but makes a huge clockwise migration up the western Atlantic in spring to spend the northern summer in the north Atlantic. Then in summer/autumn they move down into UK waters on their return to the southern ocean to breed."
Sparrowhawk,Accipiter nisus,Eurasian Sparrowhawk - Accipiter nisus,eurspa1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/sparrowhawk,"Sparrowhawks are small birds of prey. They're adapted for hunting birds in confined spaces like dense woodland, so gardens are ideal hunting grounds for them. Adult male Sparrowhawks have a bluish-grey back and wings and orangey-brown stripes on their chest and belly. Females and young birds have brown back and wings, and brown stripes underneath. Sparrowhawks have bright yellow or orangey eyes, yellow legs and talons. Females are larger than males, as with all birds of prey."
Spoonbill,Platalea leucorodia,Eurasian Spoonbill - Platalea leucorodia,eurspo1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/spoonbill,"Spoonbills are tall white waterbirds with long broad black bills and black legs. They fly with necks and legs extended. In the water, they feed with elegant sideward sweeps of their bill. In the breeding season, adults show some yellow on their chest and bill tip. The species is of European conservation concern and a very rare breeding bird in the UK. They're listed are listed on Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it illegal to disturb these birds. Most birds migrate south in the winter, but many individuals remain and spend winter in Western Europe."
Spotted Crake,Porzana porzana,Spotted Crake - Porzana porzana,spocra1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/spotted-crake,"The Spotted Crake is similar in size to a Starling. Breeding adults have a brown back with dark streaks, a blue-grey face and an olive-brown breast - all covered with white flecks and spots. The under tail is a warm buff colour.

Spotted Crakes tend to skulk in thick cover and walk with their body close to the ground, tail flicking. They swim with a jerky action like that of the Moorhen. If surprised in the open, they run for cover or jump up and flutter away with legs dangling."
Spotted Flycatcher,Muscicapa striata,Spotted Flycatcher - Muscicapa striata,spofly1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/spotted-flycatcher,"At first glance, Spotted Flycatchers might seem a little dull, with brownish-grey feathers. It's better to think of them as beautiful in an understated way. Watch them for a short period and you'll be charmed by their fly-catching antics. Spotted Flycatchers fly from a high perch, dash out to grab a flying insect and return to the same spot."
Spotted Redshank,Tringa erythropus,Spotted Redshank - Tringa erythropus,spored,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/spotted-redshank,"The Spotted Redshank is a medium sized elegant wading bird, slightly larger than a Redshank. In summer plumage, the adults are almost entirely black, save for some white spotting on the wings, a white wedge on the back showing clearly in flight and a striped tail. In winter, they have a grey back and paler under parts, with a more prominent eye stripe than a Redshank and they don't share the Redshank's white wing stripes.

They migrate from northern European and Siberian breeding areas to winter in Europe, Africa, China and south-east Asia. They are a relatively rare wintering species in the UK, with more than half the population found at fewer than ten sites, making them an Amber List species."
Starling,Sturnus vulgaris,Common Starling - Sturnus vulgaris,eursta,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/starling,"Smaller than Blackbirds, Starlings have a short tail, pointed head and triangular wings. In their breeding plumage, they look black at a distance. When seen closer, they are very glossy with a sheen of purples and greens. Their feathers are also flecked with white and this is especially noticeable in their winter plumage, which is more brown with many bright white spots.

Starling flight is fast and direct and they walk and run confidently on the ground. Noisy and social, Starlings spend a lot of the year in flocks. Starlings are fantastic mimics and can make a huge variety of tweets, cheeps, clicks and burrs. 

Still one of the most common garden birds, its decline elsewhere makes it a Red List species."
Stock Dove,Columba oenas,Stock Dove - Columba oenas,stodov1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/stock-dove,"Stock Doves are similar in plumage and size to Rock Doves/Feral Pigeons. They are largely blue-grey with an attractive iridescent bottle green band on the back of the neck and a pink chest. In flight, they show black edges to the wing and two partial black bands near their back. Unlike Rock Doves/Feral Pigeons they do not have pale rumps.

They are widely distributed in the UK, except for parts of northern Scotland and Ireland, with particularly high densities in the English Midlands and South West. Over half their European population is found in the UK."
Stone-curlew,Burhinus oedicnemus,Stone-curlew - Burhinus oedicnemus,eutkne1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/stone-curlew,"A strange, rare summer visitor to southern England and East Anglia, the Stone-curlew is a crow-sized bird with a large head, yellow legs and relatively long wings and tail. Active at night, its large yellow eyes enable it to locate food when it is dark.

It is not related to Curlews and gets its name from its Curlew-like call. It is listed under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, meaning it is an offence to deliberately or recklessly disturb this species."
Stonechat,Saxicola rubicola,European Stonechat - Saxicola rubicola,stonec4,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/stonechat,"Stonechats are Robin-sized birds. Males have striking black heads with white around the side of their neck, orange-red breasts and a mottled brown back. Females have brown heads, brown backs and an orange tinge to their chests. Stonechats are frequently seen flicking their wings while perched, often doing so on the tops of low bushes. As its name suggests, these birds utter a sharp loud call that sounds like two stones being tapped together. They breed in western and southern parts of the UK, but spread out more widely in winter."
Storm Petrel,Hydrobates pelagicus,European Storm-Petrel - Hydrobates pelagicus,bripet,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/storm-petrel,"A little bigger than a sparrow, the Storm Petrel appears all black with a white rump. Its tail is not forked, unlike the Leach's Petrel. In flight it flutters over the water, feeding with its wings held up in a 'V' with feet pattering across the waves. At sea, it often feeds in flocks and will follow in the wake of ships, especially trawlers."
Swallow,Hirundo rustica,Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica,barswa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/swallow,"Swallows are small birds with dark, glossy-blue backs, red throats, pale underparts and long tail streamers. They are extremely agile in flight and spend most of their time in the air. They are widespread breeding birds in the Northern Hemisphere, migrating south in winter.

Swallow numbers in the UK have fluctuated over the last 30 years with strong regional variation in trends."
Swift,Apus apus,Common Swift - Apus apus,comswi,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/swift,"The Swift is a medium-sized aerial bird, which is a superb flyer. Sleeping, eating, bathing and even mating on the wing (while flying), Swifts rarely touch the ground. They are also the fastest birds in level flight, with an impressive top speed of 69mph. 

Swifts are plain sooty brown, with a white throat, but in flight against the sky they appear black. They have curved wings and a forked tail. 

Swifts are summer visitors, breeding across the UK, but are most numerous in the south and east. Spending their winters in Africa, Swifts migrate 3,400 miles twice a year, stopping off to refuel in places like Portugal and France along the way."
Taiga Bean Goose,Anser fabalis,Taiga Bean Goose - Anser fabalis,taibeg1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/taiga-bean-goose,"The Taiga Bean Goose tends to be darker and browner than the other 'grey geese' species, with orange legs and a darker head and neck. It's usually larger than the related Tundra Bean Goose, with similar feathering, a sleeker body and longer neck. The yellow-orange patch on the bill usually covers more than half the bill. Breeds in the taiga forest, from Western Siberia to Scandinavia, and winters in Western Europe with small numbers regularly visiting sites in Scotland and eastern England."
Tawny Owl,Strix aluco,Tawny Owl - Strix aluco,tawowl1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/tawny-owl,"The Tawny Owl is an owl the size of a Woodpigeon. It has a rounded body and head, with a ring of dark feathers around its face surrounding the dark eyes. Tawny Owls in the UK are mainly reddish brown above and paler underneath. It is a widespread breeding species in England, Wales and Scotland but not found in Ireland. Birds are mainly residents with established pairs probably never leaving their territories. Young birds disperse from breeding grounds in autumn."
Teal,Anas crecca,Eurasian Teal - Anas crecca crecca,egwtea1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/teal,"Teals are small dabbling ducks. Males have chestnut coloured heads with broad green eye-patches, a spotted chest, grey lower sides and a black edged yellow tail. Females are mottled brown. Both show bright green wing patches (speculum) in flight. They are thinly distributed as a breeding species with a preference for northern moors and mires.

In winter, birds gather in low-lying wetland in the south and west of the UK. Of these, many are continental birds from around the Baltic and Siberia. At this time, the UK is home to a significant percentage of the north-west European wintering population making it an Amber List species."
Temminck's Stint,Calidris temminckii,Temminck's Stint - Calidris temminckii,temsti,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/temmincks-stint,"This is a tiny, greyish-brown wading bird with a white belly. The bill is short and used for probing into muddy shorelines. They are listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it illegal to intentionally or recklessly disturb this bird."
Tree Pipit,Anthus trivialis,Tree Pipit - Anthus trivialis,trepip,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/tree-pipit,"Tree Pipits have brown streaked upper parts and pale under parts with further streaking on a buff-tinged chest and flanks. They are very similar to Meadow Pipits but, on close inspection, may be distinguished by their heavier bill, shorter hind claw and fine streaking on the flank - they also have very different calls. Widespread summer visitors to the UK, they occur in particularly high densities in Western uplands. Their population has undergone declines over the past 25 years, especially in central and southern England."
Tree Sparrow,Passer montanus,Eurasian Tree Sparrow - Passer montanus,eutspa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/tree-sparrow,"Tree Sparrows are smaller than House Sparrows, and are more active, often sticking their tails up. The Tree Sparrow has a chestnut brown head and back of the neck (rather than grey) and white cheeks and collar with a contrasting black cheek spot. They're shyer than House Sparrows in the UK, and are rarely associated with people, although in continental Europe they often nest in buildings just like House Sparrows.

The UK Tree Sparrow population has suffered a severe decline, thought to be 93% between 1970 and 2008. But recent Breeding Bird Survey data is encouraging, suggesting that numbers may have started to increase, although from a very low point."
Treecreeper,Certhia familiaris,Eurasian Treecreeper - Certhia familiaris,eurtre1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/treecreeper,"The Treecreeper is a small, very active bird that lives in trees. It has a long, slender, downcurved bill, which it uses to pluck insects from underneath bark. It's speckly brown above and mainly white below. It breeds in the UK and is resident here. Birds leave their breeding territories in autumn but most range no further than 20km. Its population is mainly stable."
Tufted Duck,Aythya fuligula,Tufted Duck - Aythya fuligula,tufduc,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/tufted-duck,"The Tufted Duck is a medium-sized diving duck, smaller than a Mallard. It's black on the head, neck, chest and back, and white on the sides. It has a small crest and a yellow eye. In flight it shows an obvious white stripe across the back of the wing. It breeds in the UK across lowland areas of England, Scotland and Ireland, but less commonly in Wales, with most birds being year-round residents. Numbers increase in the UK in winter because of birds moving to the UK from Iceland and northern Europe."
Tundra Bean Goose,Anser serrirostris,Tundra Bean Goose - Anser serrirostris,tunbeg1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/tundra-bean-goose,"The Tundra Bean Goose is a species of bean goose that can be seen in the UK during the winter. It tends to be darker and browner than the other 'grey geese' species, with orange legs and a darker head and neck. On average, it's about 20% smaller than the related Taiga Bean Goose, with similar but slightly darker plumage, a stockier body and shorter neck. The bill also appears shorter and in most individuals, the yellow-orange patch is much smaller, covering less than half the bill.

It breeds in the Russian tundra and winters at coastal locations in Europe. The Tundra Bean Goose is the commonest species of bean goose and its population is considered stable."
Turnstone,Arenaria interpres,Ruddy Turnstone - Arenaria interpres,rudtur,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/turnstone,"Smaller than a Redshank, Turnstones have a mottled appearance with brown or chestnut and black upperparts and brown and white or black and white head pattern, whilst their underparts are white and legs orange. They spend most of their time creeping and fluttering over rocks, picking out food from under stones."
Turtle Dove,Streptopelia turtur,European Turtle Dove - Streptopelia turtur,eutdov,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/turtle-dove,"The Turtle Dove is smaller and darker than the Collared Dove – slightly larger than a Blackbird. Its upperparts are distinctively mottled with chestnut and black, and its black tail has a white edge."
Twite,Linaria flavirostris,Twite - Linaria flavirostris,twite1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/twite,"The Twite is a small, brown finch closely related to the Linnet, but with a shorter tail and stubbier beak. Its back is tawny, heavily streaked with dark brown and is white below with dark-brown streaks on its lower sides. The rump is pink on males but brown on females. Like the Linnet, it feeds on seeds year-round."
Velvet Scoter,Melanitta fusca,Velvet Scoter - Melanitta fusca,whwsco3,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/velvet-scoter,"The Velvet Scoter is a black sea duck. It has a long bill, a thick neck and a pointed tail. In flight, it shows a white patch on the rear of the wing – this can also be seen when birds sitting on the sea flap their wings. This Schedule 1 species does not breed in the UK, but is a winter visitor to the east coast, especially in Scotland, Norfolk and north-east England. The large flocks in winter are at risk from oil pollution and depleted fish stocks. Schedule 1 protection means it is an offence to disturb this bird."
Water Pipit,Anthus spinoletta,Water Pipit - Anthus spinoletta,watpip1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/water-pipit,"The Water Pipit is a large and stocky pipit. It's greyish-brown above and pale below with streaks on its breast. It has a pale stripe over its eye, a slender bill and dark legs. It doesn't breed in the UK, but is a winter visitor, mainly to southern and eastern England. It breeds in the Alps and other mountains of central and southern Europe."
Water Rail,Rallus aquaticus,Water Rail - Rallus aquaticus,watrai1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/water-rail,"Smaller and distinctly slimmer than the Moorhen, the Water Rail is a fairly common but highly secretive inhabitant of freshwater wetland. It has chestnut-brown and black upperparts, a grey face and underparts, black-and-white barred flanks, and a long red bill. Difficult to see in the breeding season, it is relatively easier to find in winter, when it is also more numerous and widespread. Although usually secretive they can become confident, but are still far more often heard than seen."
Waxwing,Bombycilla garrulus,Bohemian Waxwing - Bombycilla garrulus,bohwax,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/waxwing,"The Waxwing is a plump bird, which is slightly smaller than a Starling. It has a prominent crest (head feathers that stick up). It's reddish-brown with a black throat, a small black mask around its eye, yellow and white in the wings and a yellow-tipped tail. It does not breed in the UK, but is a winter visitor. In some years, we see larger numbers of visiting Waxwings, called irruptions, when the population in their breeding grounds gets too big for the food available."
Wheatear,Oenanthe oenanthe,Northern Wheatear - Oenanthe oenanthe,norwhe,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/wheatear,"The Wheatear is a small mainly ground-dwelling bird. It hops or runs on the ground. The male is blue-grey above, with black wings and white below with an orange flush to the breast. It has a black cheek. In flight it shows a white rump and a black 'T' shape on its tail.

It is a summer visitor and passage migrant. Birds breed mainly in western and northern Britain and western Ireland, although smaller numbers do breed in southern and eastern England. Wheatears winter in central Africa."
Whimbrel,Numenius phaeopus,Eurasian Whimbrel - Numenius phaeopus,whimbr5,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/whimbrel,"The Whimbrel is a large wading bird. It has longish legs and a long bill, which curves near the tip. It is brownish above and whitish below. In flight, it shows a white 'V' shape up its back from its tail.

In the UK, this species only breeds in north Scotland. It is a passage migrant to other areas in spring and autumn on its way from and to its wintering areas in Africa. The Shetland and Orkney breeding population has been slowly increasing.

It is a Schedule 1 species of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it an offence to intentionally or recklessly disturb Whimbrels."
Whinchat,Saxicola rubetra,Whinchat - Saxicola rubetra,whinch1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/whinchat,"The Whinchat is a small perching bird. It hops or runs on the ground and often perches on top of low bushes. It has a prominent white stripe above the eye. It is streaky brown above and warm orange-buff on the breast.

The Whinchat is a summer visitor and passage migrant in the UK. Birds breed in upland areas of northern and western Britain with a few in Ireland. It winters in central and southern Africa. Whinchat numbers in Britain more than halved between 1995 and 2008, the cause(s) being unknown."
White-fronted Goose,Anser albifrons,Greater White-fronted Goose - Anser albifrons,gwfgoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/white-fronted-goose,"The White-fronted Goose is a grey goose, bigger than a Mallard and smaller than a Mute Swan. Adults have a large white patch at the front of the head around the bill and bold black stripes on the belly. The legs are orange and Siberian birds have pink bills, while Greenland birds have orange bills. This species does not breed in the UK. Two types visit the UK in winter – birds that breed in Greenland and birds that breed in Siberia. Our current wintering areas need protection, including avoiding drainage of traditional wintering areas in southern England."
White-tailed Eagle,Haliaeetus albicilla,White-tailed Eagle - Haliaeetus albicilla,whteag,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/white-tailed-eagle,"The White-tailed Eagle is the largest UK bird of prey. It has brown body plumage with a conspicuously pale head and neck, which can be almost white in older birds, and the tail feathers of adults are white. In flight it has massive broad wings with 'fingered' ends. Its head protrudes and it has a wedge-shaped tail.

This Schedule 1 species went extinct in the UK during the early 20th century, due to illegal killing, and the present population is descended from reintroduced birds. Schedule 1 protection means it is illegal to disturb this species."
Whitethroat,Curruca communis,Common Whitethroat - Curruca communis,grewhi1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/whitethroat,"The Whitethroat is a medium-sized warbler, about the size of a Great Tit. It has quite a long tail, which it flicks and sticks up as it darts rapidly in and out of cover. The male has a grey head, a white throat and a brown back, and is beige underneath.

It's a summer visitor and passage migrant, with birds breeding widely, although it avoids urban and mountain areas. It winters in Africa, south of the Sahara."
Whooper Swan,Cygnus cygnus,Whooper Swan - Cygnus cygnus,whoswa,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/whooper-swan,"The Whooper Swan is a large white swan, bigger than a Bewick's Swan. It has a long neck, which it usually holds erect, and black legs. Its black bill has a large triangular patch of yellow on it.

It is mainly a winter visitor to the UK from Iceland, although a small number of pairs nest in the north. The estuaries and wetland it visits on migration and for winter roosts need protection. Its winter population and small breeding numbers make it an Amber List species. It is also a Schedule 1 listed bird, meaning it is illegal to disturb them."
Wigeon,Anas penelope,Eurasian Wigeon - Mareca penelope,eurwig,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/wigeon,"The Wigeon is a medium-sized duck with a round head and small bill. The head and neck of the male are chestnut, with a yellow forehead, pink breast and grey body. In flight, Wigeons show white bellies, male Wigeons also have a large white wing patch.

Wigeons breed in central and northern Scotland and also in northern England. Many birds visit the UK over winter from Iceland, Scandinavia and Russia. With large numbers of wintering birds at a few UK sites, it is an Amber List species."
Willow Tit,Poecile montanus,Willow Tit - Poecile montanus,wiltit1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/willow-tit,"Willow Tits are between Blue and Great Tits in size, with no yellow, green or blue. They have a large sooty-black cap (top of the head) extending to the back of the neck and a small untidy black bib. They are mid-brown above, with whiter cheeks and pale buff-grey underparts. The wings show a pale panel not found in Marsh Tits.

Its recent population declines make it a Red List species on the of UK Birds of Conservation Concern list."
Willow Warbler,Phylloscopus trochilus,Willow Warbler - Phylloscopus trochilus,wlwwar,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/willow-warbler,"Willow Warblers are small birds with grey-green backs and pale under parts. They have a yellow tinged chest and throat and pale supercilium (the stripe above the eye). They are separated from the very similar Chiffchaff by their song.

Their population, especially in southern Britain, has undergone a moderate decline over the past 25 years making them an Amber List species."
Wood Sandpiper,Tringa glareola,Wood Sandpiper - Tringa glareola,woosan,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/wood-sandpiper,"The Wood Sandpiper is a medium-sized wading bird, with a fine straight bill, yellowish legs and a conspicuous white stripe from the bill over the eye to the back of the neck. In flight, it shows no wing-stripes and a square white rump.

Is  a passage migrant in spring and autumn, breeding in Northern Europe and wintering in Africa. A few pairs breed in the Scottish Highlands. The flooding of some previously drained traditional marshes in Scotland may help this species in future. Wood Sandpipers are listed as a Schedule 1 species."
Wood Warbler,Phylloscopus sibilatrix,Wood Warbler - Phylloscopus sibilatrix,woowar,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/wood-warbler,"The Wood Warbler is one of the largest Phylloscopus warblers in Europe. It has bright yellow upper parts, throat and upper chest and white under parts.

The species is widespread and numerous in deciduous forest in Europe and reaches its highest densities in the UK in the western oak woods of Wales."
Woodcock,Scolopax rusticola,Eurasian Woodcock - Scolopax rusticola,eurwoo,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/woodcock,"The Woodcock is a large, bulky wading bird with short legs and a very long straight tapering bill. It is largely nocturnal, spending most of the day in dense cover.

Most of the birds in the UK are residents - in the autumn birds move to the UK from Finland and Russia to winter here. The breeding population has been falling in recent years, perhaps because of less habitat as conifer plantations become too mature for Woodcocks to find open enough breeding areas."
Woodlark,Lullula arborea,Woodlark - Lullula arborea,woolar1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/woodlark,"The Woodlark is a streaky brown bird, with a beige-white eye-stripe, which meets across the nape (the back) of its neck. It has a well-developed crest (head feathers that stick up) on its crown, which is not always obvious. In flight the unusually short tail and broad, rounded wings are noticeable and its bobbing flight with closed wing-glides is characteristic.

Some UK breeding birds spend the winter on the continent. Woodlarks are listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it illegal to disturb them."
Woodpigeon,Columba palumbus,Common Woodpigeon - Columba palumbus,cowpig1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/woodpigeon,"The UK's largest and most common pigeon, the Woodpigeon is largely grey with a white neck patch and white wing patches, clearly visible in flight.

Although shy in the countryside it can be tame and approachable in towns and cities. Its cooing call is a familiar sound in woodland as is the loud clatter of its wings when it flies away."
Wren,Troglodytes troglodytes,Eurasian Wren - Troglodytes troglodytes,winwre4,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/wren,"The Wren is a tiny brown bird, although it's heavier and not as slim as the even smaller Goldcrest. It's almost round in shape with a fine bill, quite long legs and toes, very short round wings and a short, narrow tail, which is sometimes stuck up vertically. For such a small bird, it has a remarkably loud voice.

It's the most common UK breeding bird, and a common garden visitor, although it suffers declines during prolonged, severely cold winters."
Wryneck,Jynx torquilla,Eurasian Wryneck - Jynx torquilla,eurwry,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/wryneck,"Wrynecks are small sparrow-sized birds, appearing greyish overall, with brown and buff mottling. They have a contrasting dark band running down from the back of the head onto the back.

They feed almost exclusively on ants and unlike other woodpeckers, are seen mainly on the ground, and do not often climb up vertical trunks or branches.  They are listed under Schedule 1 of The Wildlife and Countryside Act, making it an offence to intentionally or recklessly disturb them."
Yellow Wagtail,Motacilla flava,Western Yellow Wagtail - Motacilla flava,eaywag1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/yellow-wagtail,"The Yellow Wagtail is a small, graceful, yellow and green bird, with a medium-length tail and slender black legs. It spends much time walking or running on the ground. As its name implies, it wags its tail from time to time.

It's a summer visitor, migrating to winter in Africa. It breeds in a variety of habitats in the UK, including arable farmland, wet pastures and upland hay meadows. Serious declines in breeding numbers across all of these habitats place the Yellow Wagtail on the Red List of birds of conservation concern."
Yellow-browed Warbler,Phylloscopus inornatus,Yellow-browed Warbler - Phylloscopus inornatus,yebwar3,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/yellow-browed-warbler,"A small, green warbler similar in size to a Goldcrest. The yellow 'eyebrow' is distinctive, as is the Coal Tit-like call.

Yellow-browed Warblers breed in Siberia, and arrive in the UK every year as they migrate south-westwards."
Yellow-legged Gull,Larus michahellis,Yellow-legged Gull - Larus michahellis,yelgul1,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/yellow-legged-gull,"The Yellow-legged Gull has only recently been recognised as a species in its own right, having previously been considered to be a race of Herring Gull. Adults have darker grey backs and wings than Herring Gulls, but are paler than Lesser Black-backed Gulls. They have more black in the wing tips than Herring Gulls and smaller white 'mirrors'. The legs are bright yellow, there is a red ring around the eye and the bill is yellow with a large red spot. In non-breeding plumage, the head is less streaked and whiter than Herring Gulls.

Juvenile Yellow-legged Gulls are very similar to juvenile Lesser Black-backed Gulls, but tend to be whiter-headed and start to gain a grey 'saddle' on their backs quickly as they moult to their first winter plumage.

Immature birds gain adult-like characteristics as they mature over the course of five years with the legs turning yellow and dark grey feathers replacing the brown and black immature feathers."
Yellowhammer,Emberiza citrinella,Yellowhammer - Emberiza citrinella,yellow2,https://www.rspb.org.uk//birds-and-wildlife/yellowhammer,"Male Yellowhammers are unmistakeable with a bright yellow head and underparts, brown back streaked with black, and a chestnut rump. In flight, it shows white outer tail feathers. They're often seen perched on top of a hedge or bush, singing.

Its recent population decline makes it a UK Birds of Conservation Concern Red List species."