Input: [If you want to ...] Get a site added back to Google [Then ...]

Output: If your site was distributing malware, and is now clean, request a malware review. If your site was showing spam, but is now clean, submit a reconsideration request. If your site was in violation of the Webmaster Guidelines, but is now clean, submit a reconsideration request. If you asked for a page or site to be removed from Google, but you've changed your mind, request reinclusion of the content. If you received a phishing warning but believe that it's actually a legitimate page, report an incorrect phishing warning.

Get additional support - Search Console Help


Input: [If you want to ...] Get a page or site removed from Google [Then ...]

Output: Submit a URL removal request.

Get additional support - Search Console Help


Context: In the 1960s, a series of discoveries, the most important of which was seafloor spreading, showed that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle, is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere. There is an intimate coupling between the movement of the plates on the surface and the convection of the mantle: oceanic plate motions and mantle convection currents always move in the same direction, because the oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle. This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics.

Question: In what decade was seafloor spreading discovered?


Context: In November 1969, Gemini veteran Charles "Pete" Conrad and rookie Alan L. Bean made a precision landing on Apollo 12 within walking distance of the Surveyor 3 unmanned lunar probe, which had landed in April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Conrad and Bean carried the first lunar surface color television camera, but it was damaged when accidentally pointed into the Sun. They made two EVAs totaling 7 hours and 45 minutes. On one, they walked to the Surveyor, photographed it, and removed some parts which they returned to Earth.

Question: What damaged the color TV camera that Apollo 12 had taken into space?

the Sun
Sun
pointed into the Sun.
the Sun
the Sun


Context: The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry. Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies as well.

Question: Other than the motion picture and television industry, what other major industry is centered in Los Angeles?


Context: Of the 129 MSPs, 73 are elected to represent first past the post constituencies and are known as "Constituency MSPs". Voters choose one member to represent the constituency, and the member with most votes is returned as a constituency MSP. The 73 Scottish Parliament constituencies shared the same boundaries as the UK Parliament constituencies in Scotland, prior to the 2005 reduction in the number of Scottish MPs, with the exception of Orkney and Shetland which each return their own constituency MSP. Currently, the average Scottish Parliament constituency comprises 55,000 electors. Given the geographical distribution of population in Scotland, this results in constituencies of a smaller area in the Central Lowlands, where the bulk of Scotland's population live, and much larger constituency areas in the north and west of the country, which have a low population density. The island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors, due to their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. If a Constituency MSP resigns from Parliament, this triggers a by-election in his or her constituency, where a replacement MSP is returned from one of the parties by the plurality system.

Question: How many members can voters choose to represent the constituency?


Context: Two Block I CSMs were launched from LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB. The first, AS-201 launched on February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles (492.1 km) and splashed down 4,577 nautical miles (8,477 km) downrange in the Atlantic ocean. The second, AS-202 on August 25, reached 617.1 nautical miles (1,142.9 km) altitude and was recovered 13,900 nautical miles (25,700 km) downrange in the Pacific ocean. These flights validated the Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield.

Question: How far did the second block, AS-202, travel downrange in km?


Context: The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college. These professional qualifications may include the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching. Teachers, like other professionals, may have to continue their education after they qualify, a process known as continuing professional development. Teachers may use a lesson plan to facilitate student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum.

Question: Where do most teachers get their credentials from?

university or college
university
university or college.


Krishna, Jesus and the Path of Devotion

Answering a question based on a previous talk about Krishna and dharma, Sadhguru explains how the path offered by Jesus is the path of devotion, and how many yogis in India, including Krishna, have offered this path too.

Q: When the meek person came to Krishna and explained how he perceived his dharma, that he took anything that came his way in total acceptance, Krishna said that his dharma is that of a coward, and he let him pass. Whereas Jesus says, Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. So what is the difference between the two?

Sadhguru: It is always very important that one perceives the kind of situation and the kind of social realities someone lived in and why they spoke the way they spoke. There is one aspect of the teaching which is of an eternal nature  whoever speaks it, speaks in the same terms. But there is another aspect of the teaching which is relevant to the people who are sitting there at that moment. That relevance keeps changing from generation to generation. Not only from generation to generation, but even within the generation from society to society, from group of people to group of people, from person to person, it is a different reality.

If we want to understand this aspect, we have to bring some kind of alignment to the social realities that Krishna lived in, the social realities that Jesus lived in, and the social realities that you live in right now.

Jesus sort of substantiated this aspect of being meek by saying, If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. He was talking to his closest disciples before sending them out to spread his message. He said, When you go out with this new message, if people come and slap you on one cheek, show the other. But that is not the teaching for all of you. Can you live by those guidelines? Genuinely, how many of you are capable of this in your life? You are not capable of that.

Krishna lived in totally different conditions, and he spoke differently to different people. If you look at what Krishna spoke about bhakti or devotion, you would think it is very contradictory to this aspect .

Another thing we need to understand is, Jesus was hugely restricted by the situation in which he existed. He had no real freedom of speech. He mostly lived like a fugitive. Here and there, he spoke to small groups of people. If he had said one more word, his life would have been finished, and it happened that way. The moment he picked up a little momentum, you know what they did to him. Krishna was a kingmaker. His friends were kings and emperors. He could call upon large armies to fulfill his purpose. So he was placed in a completely different situation.

When it comes to approaching the eternal, Jesus was just talking about the yoga of devotion, because that is his way. He was talking about one dimension of approaching the Ultimate. He was just saying, Follow me. This is devotion. Krishna also said the same things. He said, I am the way. Jesus said something like, I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one goes to the Father except through me. But he went further somewhere else and said, I and the Father are one. In that part of the world, uttering such a thing was total sacrilege. If anybody claims I and the Father are one, it means, I am God. Such a claim immediately brought death penalty in that part of the world. But here in India, any number of yogis have said it, and people treated them and worshipped them as gods because they experienced the Divine in them. When Krishna said, I am the Ultimate Divine, people were not surprised or shocked. It was not a sacrilege because that was very much a part of peoples knowing. They were very happy he had come when they were alive.

Any number of yogis have said this. Well-known ones and very minor ones. When I say minor, I mean it in terms of social acknowledgement. They were great people within themselves, but socially, in the world, they were very small. Those people have been worshipped as gods. But for Jesus, it was totally out of place in that culture. Him saying, Me and My Father are one brought him death. With Krishna too, any number of times, people tried to kill him, but they tried to kill him not for his utterances; they tried to kill him for political and military reasons because he was involved in those affairs. Nobody ever tried to kill him because of the teaching he gave.


An Ideal Education System

In this musing, Sadhguru responds to an educator who wonders how to handle moments in the classroom when her experience clashes with the conventional education curriculum.

Q: As a life science teacher, I have responsibility for the way that students think about how life works. When my experience of yoga conflicts with conventional science, I do my best to tread lightly and consider the fullness of the moment. I would be grateful for your insight on these moments of tension and the power that we have as teachers to shape the thinking of others.

Sadhguru: You should not shape the thinking of others because if you successfully shape usually you cannot succeed  but if you succeed in shaping the thought process of another person, that means you produced a carbon copy of yourself. That is not the intention of education.

The greatest thing that you can do when it comes to life sciences is, in every class that you handle, make sure that you say, I dont know at least thrice. Let the children learn that they do not know, because ignorance is and will always be a much bigger possibility than knowledge.

In the yogic culture, we always train people to identify with their ignorance because knowledge is a very limited thing, but ignorance is a limitless possibility. Let children be in touch with that which is limitless, not the limitedness of the teacher or the textbook.


Sleep and Restfulness

During a session of the Jaipur Literature Festival , Sanjoy Roy, the managing director behind this word-renowned festival, asks Sadhguru a question about sleep and the tendency to obsess about it. Sadhguru speaks about sleep, restfulness, his personal sleep quota, and ways to optimize the engine that is our body.

Sanjoy Roy: In your book Inner Engineering: A Yogis Guide to Joy, you talk about sleep, our obsession with the need to sleep, and so many other things we get obsessed with.

Sadhguru: The body does not need sleep  it needs restfulness. In most peoples experience, sleep is the deepest form of restfulness they know, so they talk about sleep. But essentially, the body is not asking for sleep, it is looking for restfulness. When you perform lots of activity, a residue of physical stress will build up in the body. So at some point, the body wants to fall asleep.

There are so-called experts who are promoting sleep. I think there is no need to promote sleep  people fall asleep when they are tired. But people are talking in terms of putting everyone to sleep for eight to ten hours a day. Suppose you live for a hundred years  if you followed the prescription of sleeping eight hours a day, eventually, you would have slept for over thirty-three years.

The aspect of restfulness has not been understood by people. Just try this simple thing today  check your pulse before and after food. Now if you learn Isha Kriya, a very simple practice that will just take you twelve minutes a day, if you do it for four to six weeks, and you check your pulse again before and after food, you will see it will be lower. This means you are going at lower RPM. If you keep driving your car at  RPM, it will wear out faster than when you drive it at  RPM. Similarly, if you are constantly going at a high pulse rate, you work yourself into the ground, and then you try to compensate for it with more sleep.

If you bring restfulness, you bring ease into your system. Once you sit here with absolute ease, the amount of residual stress that builds up in your physical body is very minimal. Almost twenty-seven years, I managed with two-and-a-half to three hours of sleep, on an average. These days, I am getting a little lazy and sleep four to four-and-a-half hours!

There is no need to fix how many hours to sleep. When you feel sufficiently relaxed, you must come awake. If the body and mind is kept in a certain level of alertness and awareness, you will see once it is well-rested, it is eager to come to life.


Question: what movies are about ginger rogers?

Answer: Top Hat, Kitty Foyle, The Barkleys of Broadway


Question: which movies can be described by moore?

Answer: Fahrenheit 9/11, Far from Heaven


Question: what films can be described by occupation?

Answer: Red Dawn, The Teahouse of the August Moon


Question: which films are about jacques tati?

Answer: Mon Oncle, Playtime, Trafic


Question: what movies are about donnie darko?

Answer: S. Darko


Question: what movies can be described with ben stiller?

Answer: Tropic Thunder, Meet the Parents, There's Something About Mary, Madagascar, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Night at the Museum, Meet the Fockers, The Royal Tenenbaums, Zoolander, The Cable Guy, Tower Heist, Along Came Polly, Little Fockers, The Heartbreak Kid, Keeping the Faith, Duplex, Reality Bites, Greenberg, Envy, Flirting with Disaster, Zero Effect


Question: what films are about dillinger?

Answer: Public Enemies


Question: what movies can be described with chris noonan?

Answer: Babe, Miss Potter


Question: what movies are about george pal?

Answer: The Time Machine, 7 Faces of Dr. Lao


Question: what movies are about rod lurie?

Answer: The Last Castle, The Contender, Resurrecting the Champ


Amrozi accused his brother, whom he called "the witness", of deliberately distorting his evidence.

Amrozi menuduh saudaranya, yang dia sebut "saksi", dengan sengaja memutarbalikkan faktanya.


The stock rose $2.11, or about 11 percent, to close Friday at $21.51 on the New York Stock Exchange.

Saham naik $ 2,11, atau sekitar 11 persen, ditutup Jumat dengan $ 21,51 di New York Stock Exchange.


Revenue in the first quarter of the year dropped 15 percent from the same period a year earlier.

Pendapatan pada kuartal pertama tahun ini turun 15 persen dari periode yang sama tahun sebelumnya.


Mtendere Village was inspired by the vision of Chief Napoleon Dzombe, which he shared with John Blanchard during his first visit to Malawi. Chief Napoleon conveyed the desperate need for a program to intervene and care for the orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Malawi, and John committed to help.


100X Development is working with several key government, nonprofit, and academic partners to develop the Live to Love program. Live to Love will provide education, nutrition and HIV screening to pregnant mothers, and then strengthen the capacity of midwives and community healthcare workers to respond to the needs of mothers in areas where obstetric care is systematically lacking.


We are also working with the University of Alabama at Birmingham to facilitate the development of a curriculum for a PhD nursing program at Kamuzu College of Nursing. This will be one of the few PhD nursing programs available in in sub-Saharan Africa. 100X Development Foundation, Inc. is registered 503 (c)(3) nonprofit organization. Donations are deductable to the full extent allowable under IRS regulations.


"I'd love to help kickstart continued development! And 0 EUR/month really does make fiscal sense too... maybe I'll even get a shirt?" (there will be limited edition shirts for two and other goodies for each supporter as soon as we sold the 200)


I get a ton of emails at my job--a couple hundred on a normal day. I have tons of filters in place to make it easy to deal with my inbox, so I usually only need to spend a few minutes a day cleaning things up. I don't usually mind the piles of email. I'd rather have excess communication than insufficient. But most of them are unnecessary. Things that I'm in a mailing group for, but only one for every few hundred has an impact on my day-to-day activities. The filters sort them, I make sure none are relevant then group mark-as-read, group delete, move on with my life. Except there's always that one person who has to request a Read Receipt on everything they send, even when they send it to three different mailing groups, encompassing more than a hundred individuals. My Revenge: I always be sure to send the response confirmation that I read their inbox garbage.

Summary: You flood my inbox with inconsequential updates, then request I click an extra button to confirm I personally viewed your nonsense? Okay. I'll give you an extra unnecessary email just for your trouble.


When I first came to college I wanted to do microbiology/biochemistry double major. I literally had wanted to do that for years. Then freshman chemistry taught me there wasn't enough mental lubricant in the world to protect my anus from each test. I dropped the biochemistry and just focused on microbiology, just hoping to salvage something and get a degree where I could at least work alongside people in my dream career. The worst part is as I progressed, I loved and was successful in every other chemistry class I had, and even have since chosen advanced courses as electives because they are so interesting. But now I can't get the biochemistry degree. In redemption I got my GPA up, got a lab position, and am planning on Graduate School either in public health, genetics, or immunology. So I had to give up on my dreams, but with some adjustment and hard work I can still focus on my new ones.

Summary: The lesson here is life throws curveballs and sometimes they hit you in the nuts. But gritted teeth and rearrangement can be all that's needed to get you back on your feet.


So I have a little bit of an unusual problem. Here's the backstory: Used to write for this national music magazine a couple months ago. Get to write a story over this one musician who I've dreamed about writing about. Get interview, but this musician talks in such a complicated way that I spend hours upon hours trying to decipher what he says. I also spend hours trying to write out the story. Try my hardest to get the story done, but in the end the editor doesn't like it and gets somebody else to finish up the story. Finally when the story hits the magazine the editor/ head of the magazine just makes the piece into a Q and A because she felt like the interview was perfect like that, and couldn't see it as being anything else. Ok, woo! Now that we got that out of the way I'll tell you my problem. Ever since that whole thing I feel like I've only been writing at like a 60% level than what I used to be able to write at. And to be truthful I hate it. I miss feeling creative with my writing. I also feel like I'm having a harder time with the spelling of words, and what things are called in the english language. Like for a second earlier I had no idea how to spell !. Of course after I asked my english teacher mom, she told me it was an exclamation point. So if anybody knows how to fix that than that would be amazing, Also, I'm a 24 year old male if that helps out at all. Thanks!

Summary: Feeling like I can't write after trying to write huge story for a magazine. Now I'm trying to figure out what's wrong, and how to fix it.


It was the last week of classes my sophomore year of high school. I brought two packs of cards to play games and do small magic tricks. I had recently learned a trick online that allowed me to pick the card that my audience supposedly chose. When I first got in the class my teacher was sitting at a desk with her back turned to me. I dropped a card in her hood and continued to hide cards all around the room, in dvd cases, under desks, etc. When the rest of the students arrived I starting performing the trick where they would choose a card and I would make it magically disappear from the deck in my hand and have it reappear in a DVD case or whatever. After a couple times the class caught on that I had hidden the cards beforehand. They made me sit down so I quietly talked with some friends. 5 minutes before the bell I stood up again and announced that I had one more trick. They protested at first but finally agreed to let me show it. This time after the card was chosen I let a fellow student pick where the card should show up in the room. To my astonishment he said, "Put the card on the teacher's head." I smiled and asked our teacher to put her hood on. When she took it off the card was sitting on top of her head and the class went apeshit.

Summary: Brought two decks of cards to class, hid some of the cards so I could make them magically appear, hid a card in my teacher's hood, disbelieving student told me to put a card on the teacher's head, my class thought I was a wizard.


Reddit, my boyfriend and I have been dating a little over a year and are in our early 20s. We have absolutely gone through rough patches, but for the entire relationship we have both been happy and incredibly in love (there is no doubt about that!) What I'm wondering is if my situation is one where love can be considered not enough. He has been wishy washy with the relationship the past couple months, basically he is dealing with insecurity mixed with lifelong depression. He comes at me for things in my past, or ways I do things in the present, but quickly switches to blaming these problems on himself, and tells me all the reasons why he can't seem to get his mind right. This past weekend it came to a head and he left town for the night. He said he needed to work his stuff out. He has since told me that he needs space and time (which is fine by me), but that if i don't want to wait I don't have to. How do you guys feel about "waiting"? At points we were almost positive we were going to get married, so I don't want to just let this go. Before him I was a firm believer in NOT waiting, for obvious reasons (moving on with one's own life/waiting forever), but now I just don't know. I don't know if what he is suggesting is fair. He has not given me a time frame. I wouldn't ask for that anyways. He means so much to me but we have been struggling for months because of these issues of his. What are good signs to know that it's time to give it up? I want to make the right decision but I don't know how to make it. I could really use some bullet points here to know when enough is enough (generically) Edit 1: I forgot to mention that as of yesterday I basically said maybe to this proposition, and we haven't seen eachother in a few days but have still been talking occasionally.

Summary: Boyfriend and I are struggling because of issues on his end, but I don't want to give up because of our great love and compatability, but I also don't know when enough should be considered..enough.


I was about to go to rehab for a fucking horrific heroin addiction. My best friends (4 Irish brothers), a few of my other really close friends, showed up when I'm laying in bed, sweating, RLS (restless leg syndrome), vomiting, bad stomach, the works...Cook me dinner and a cake, bring me letters from each of them to look at when times are tough in rehab extolling how much they care etc and my buddy Mark (one of the Irish bros), literally helped carry me around our neighborhood so I could regain some sense of normalcy and say good bye to some people I cared about. If that isn't friendship, I don't know what is. The Connolly boys and my Deutche man Dennis saved my life with their kind words and support. This is not to mention the countless times they got up in the middle of the night (time difference San Diego - Beijing), just so I could have someone to talk to across the pond.

Summary: My friends helped me make it through rehab for Heroin. EDIT: For yeomanscholar's research, I am agnostic and my buddies are pretty much non-religous, though raised Catholic.


I made another post but this sheds light on a different point. This weekend in the car my boyfriend almost called me by his ex's name, but cut himself off and pretended like he just didn't say anything. I didn't respond at all. This past December he secretly went to dinner with her during a layover and admitted (to me) he still had feelings for her, and was "confused". Yet claimed that after the dinner he knew he wanted me. She lives on the other side of the country. We've talked about this very civilly and plenty of times, and even took a week long break from each other for him to figure out what he wants. He came back claiming love for me, etc. But then he almost calls me by his ex's name, and also stops telling me he loves me...what to think? Do I tell him I heard him almost say this and that I notice his behavior, or will that just spark him to say disingenuous "i love you"'s that I won't know are real? Damned if I do, damned if I don't

Summary: boyfriend almost called me by his ex's name and has stopped saying he loves me, not sure what to do now Edit: Ages 25 (him) and 26 (me), dating for 6 months


My girlfriend and I have been together for a little over a year now. Our sex life has always seemed healthy. We don't live together but we usually have sex when we hang out which is 2-4 times a week or when we go away on vacations with each other. I love her very much, and I don't want to make it seem like sex is the most important thing to me. I just don't see the point of taking sex away when I've given her no reason to believe I wasn't into sex in the first place. I always give her compliments, sweet texts and random gifts and random signs of affection. We both initiate sex and its not like I always am, nor is it her always initiating. I just don't understand why she'd take something away I see as special to us. Now, she's said we won't have sex and then we are together and we start kissing and then boom, we're laying in our own sweat, huffing and cuddling. But this time seems different, and the fact that she's openly saying its because of her looks and the way she feels about herself. If I say anything about being upset over it, then I'm accused of only wanting sex from her, I just can't win here and don't know what to do. As far as her looks, she isn't a twig, she has curves and looks amazing to me and everyone who meets her. She has beautiful eyes and smile and her body is amazing clothed, and naked. I never fail to tell her this and its gotten to the point where it doesn't seem to mean anything to her anymore. How can I change this and help her? The weather has gotten nicer so we've agreed to go on walks and try and make better eating choices together and support each other.

Summary: My girlfriend says she needs to lose weight and doesn't feel comfortable having sex and being naked because of her weight when she isn't even remotely close to being fat, more so curvy. How can I help her be more comfortable?


Hello reddit, I've been dating my boyfriend for a few months, although we've been close for about a year. We're long distance. I've always had a lot of mental health problems, and it makes it hard to date me, I get that. After a while I agreed to go to therapy and although it's an extremely slow process and I don't think my therapist is the best, I go because my boyfriend really said that I should. Today we've been fighting a lot because he admitted that he was afraid to tell me his feelings since I make him feel invalidated with my empathy style (he's the type who is more comforting and heals the emotion, I'm more clinical with it and often ignore the current emotion in favor of eliminating the long-term cause). Eventually we came to a point where we both agreed that I was starting to get better mental health-wise because of therapy, so I asked "If I'm getting better and it's not about me, then why did you say that you felt the need to withdraw/that you were afraid of me?". He said that it was all on him and his own insecurities and that "not everything is about you, [MyName]". That's when I said "Maybe you could think about looking into therapy as well, since that helped you before" (He went through a breakup a while ago and therapy helped him a lot). At this point he got EXTREMELY offended that I even implied he'd need therapy, because there is "nothing wrong with him" and that he doesn't need therapy because he can do just fine on his own. I told him that there doesn't have to be anything wrong to get therapy, I just thought it might help if he wants to get rid of the insecurity. I'm in therapy too and there's no shame in it. He said that just because he doesn't solve problems in the same way I want him to, doesn't mean he needs therapy. He said that he only withdrew from ME, and not from his friends, because I was putting out "signals that I was sick of him" (I still have no idea what these signals are, when I asked he said that I was invalidating his feelings and not empathizing). Then he flipped it back on me and said, "Maybe YOU should go to your therapist and explain how you made your boyfriend withdraw emotionally from you without even noticing." I feel really hurt by his last statement and I don't know how to respond. I didn't realized I crossed such a line, or that therapy was such a horrible thing to suggest. Where did I go wrong?

Summary: I suggested my boyfriend get therapy after he mentioned withdrawing from me because of insecurities. He got insulted and flipped it back on me. Where did I go wrong in this situation?


help me find a new position as a programmer


plug used in china


what's the exhange rate between mxn and gbp


let me know what ingredients i need to make pasta


tell me what pokemon is


i was in thailand and i could not use my card to buy snacks


i want to reserve table for 5 at red robin under the name sara at 5


my check engine light is on so is anyone available to check it out for me


i need more checkbooks mailed as soon as possible


i watched "were the millers" on netflix last night


INTRODUCTION

The widespread electrification of automobiles has introduced a significant challenge in designing noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) of vehicles. Particularly, wind noise is becoming a major noise source in electric vehicles (EVs) due to the removal of engine noise. To prevent wind noise, water, and dust from entering the interior of the vehicle, a door inner belt weatherstrip is attached to the door trim and in contact with the side door glass through the elastomer-based part called lip. An appropriate compressive contact load must be applied between the lip and the door glass to ensure the insulation. Owing to the lip-glass contact load the squeaking noise can be generated by stick- and sprag-slip phenomena during the opening and closing of the glass (Chen and Trapp, 2012; Choi et al., 2018). Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), which can be recycled and have lighter weight than thermoset elastomers, are receiving great attention for the weatherstrip material. Among many TPEs, thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are in particular advantageous for mechanical properties in high temperatures, impact strength, and elasticity, which are fabricated through dynamic vulcanization of thermoset elastomers and thermoplastics; however, TPVs exhibit low material damping and compression set which can easily generate frictional noise and vibration in the lip-glass interface (Cho et al., 2021).
For the wind noise the sound wave transmitted through the sealing system such as the inner belt weatherstrip significantly contributes to interior noise levels. The gap distance between the sealing system and the glass is considered a dominant factor for the noise, where acoustic leakage through the sealing parts occurs at high frequencies with intense aspiration noise (Zhu et al., 2016; Saf et al., 2020). Thus, a large initial contact load is desired between the weatherstrip and the glass with a low compression set property to ensure a stable sealing performance over time (Choi et al., 2013; Ryu et al., 2017); however, a large initial contact load may generate squeak by facilitating stick-slip in the interface. To control unwanted squeaking noise generation, Astalosch et al. (2012) proposed an optimal design of the weatherstrip geometry. They attempted to predict the lip compressive load and displacement of olefinic TPE during glass operation using computer aided engineering (CAE). Oumohand and Sartoni (2012) studied frictional effects of polyamid(PA)- and polyester(PE)-based fibers attached to the lip called flocking. They established a design rule for the noise-induced friction coefficient between the flocking-glass contact interface. A rough optimization study was conducted by Choi et al. (2018) to reduce the squeaking noise by selecting the design factors (shape of the inner belt lip and flocking specifications) using Taguchi optimization method. Cho et al. (2021) characterized the viscoelastic damping properties of TPV materials through vibration tests. Although these studies suggested design solutions for reducing the squeaking noise, simultaneous reduction of wind noise and squeaking noise was not shown.
In this study, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary design of the inner belt weatherstrip concerning the TPV, flocking materials, and structural geometry is demonstrated to reduce both the wind noise and the squeaking noise simultaneously.


Investigation of friction properties of flocking

To eliminate the squeaking noise, various methods have been proposed, such as adjusting the composition of the PE or PA materials or the diameter, length, and density of flocking. The application of a textile softener to the flocking surface has also been suggested (Oumohand and Sartoni, 2012; Choi et al. 2018). In this study, amino-modified silicone, which is widely used in textile engineering, was sprayed on to the flocking surface. To check the coating quality on the flocking surface, approximately 0.5 wt% of Bis(triazinyl amino) stilbene disulfonic acid, a fluorescent material, was added to the coating materials for coating amounts of 2 g/m2, 3 g/m2, and 5 g/m2. Flocking pile specification was 3.3dTex, and the pile length was 0.6 mm with PE materials. The coating material was supplied by Nicca Chemical (Japan) and Hwaseung Chemical (Korea), and the surface-coated flocking tape was supplied by Industrias Tapla, S.L. (Spain). Flocking tape was laminated to the above TPV compounds produced by Hwaseung Material (Korea).


Not be able to download dataset - "Newroom"

dataset-viewer

Related to the dataset viewer on huggingface.co

Hello,

I tried to download the **newsroom** dataset but it didn't work out for me. it said me to **download it manually**!

For manually, Link is also didn't work! It is sawing some ad or something!

If anybody has solved this issue please help me out or if somebody has this dataset please share your google drive link, it would be a great help!

Thanks
Darshan Tank


Start removing canonical datasets logic

I'm not sure if the documentation explains why the dataset identifiers might have a namespace or not (the user/org): 'glue' vs 'severo/glue'. Do you think we should explain it, and relate it to the GitHub/Hub distinction?

I updated the source code and the documentation to start removing the "canonical datasets" logic.

Indeed this makes the documentation confusing and we don't want this distinction anymore in the future. Ideally users should share their datasets on the Hub directly.

### Changes

- the documentation about dataset loading mentions the datasets on the Hub (no difference between canonical and community, since they all have their own repository now)
- the documentation about adding a dataset doesn't explain the technical differences between canonical and community anymore, and only presents how to add a community dataset. There is still a small section at the bottom that mentions the datasets that are still on GitHub and redirects to the `ADD_NEW_DATASET.md` guide on GitHub about how to contribute a dataset to the `datasets` library
- the code source doesn't mention "canonical" anymore anywhere. There is still a `GitHubDatasetModuleFactory` class that is left, but I updated the docstring to say that it will be eventually removed in favor of the `HubDatasetModuleFactory` classes that already exist

Would love to have your feedbacks on this !

cc @julien-c @thomwolf @SBrandeis


Allow download only some files from the Wikipedia dataset

enhancement

New feature or request

Hi @jvanz, thank you for your proposal.

In fact, we are aware that it is very common the problem you mention. Because of that, we are currently working in implementing a new version of wikipedia on the Hub, with all data preprocessed (no need to use Apache Beam), from where you will be able to use `data_files` to load only a specific subset of the data files.

See:
- #3401

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
The Wikipedia dataset can be really big. This is a problem if you want to use it locally in a laptop with the Apache Beam `DirectRunner`. Even if your laptop have a considerable amount of memory (e.g. 32gb).

**Describe the solution you'd like**
I would like to use the `data_files` argument in the `load_dataset` function to define which file in the wikipedia dataset I would like to download. Thus, I can work with the dataset in a smaller machine using the Apache Beam `DirectRunner`.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**
I've tried to use the `simple` Wikipedia dataset. But it's in English and I would like to use Portuguese texts in my model.


Fix gigaword download url

Reported on the forum: https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/error-loading-dataset/14999


Fix reddit_tifu data URL

Fix #3773.


Checksum mismatch for the reddit_tifu dataset

bug

Something isn't working

Thanks for reporting, @anna-kay. We are fixing it.

## Describe the bug
A checksum occurs when downloading the reddit_tifu data (both long & short).

## Steps to reproduce the bug
reddit_tifu_dataset = load_dataset('reddit_tifu', 'long')

## Expected results
The expected result is for the dataset to be downloaded and cached locally.

## Actual results
  File "/.../lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/utils/info_utils.py", line 40, in verify_checksums
    raise NonMatchingChecksumError(error_msg + str(bad_urls))
datasets.utils.info_utils.NonMatchingChecksumError: Checksums didn't match for dataset source files:
['https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1ffWfITKFMJeqjT8loC8aiCLRNJpc_XnF']

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version: 1.18.3
- Platform: Linux-5.13.0-30-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.31
- Python version: 3.9.7
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0


Fix: dataset name is stored in keys


Fix DuplicatedKeysError on msr_sqa dataset

Fix #3770.


DuplicatedKeysError on msr_sqa dataset

Thanks for reporting, @kolk.

We are fixing it.

### Describe the bug
Failure to generate dataset msr_sqa because of duplicate keys.

### Steps to reproduce the bug
```
from datasets import load_dataset
load_dataset("msr_sqa")
```
### Expected results
The examples keys should be unique.

**Actual results**
```
>>> load_dataset("msr_sqa")
Downloading:
6.72k/? [00:00<00:00, 148kB/s]
Downloading:
2.93k/? [00:00<00:00, 53.8kB/s]
Using custom data configuration default
Downloading and preparing dataset msr_sqa/default (download: 4.57 MiB, generated: 26.25 MiB, post-processed: Unknown size, total: 30.83 MiB) to /root/.cache/huggingface/datasets/msr_sqa/default/0.0.0/70b2a497bd3cc8fc960a3557d2bad1eac5edde824505e15c9c8ebe4c260fd4d1...
Downloading: 100%
4.80M/4.80M [00:00<00:00, 7.49MB/s]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DuplicatedKeysError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
[/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/datasets/builder.py](https://localhost:8080/#) in _prepare_split(self, split_generator)
   1080                     example = self.info.features.encode_example(record)
-> 1081                     writer.write(example, key)
   1082             finally:

8 frames
DuplicatedKeysError: FAILURE TO GENERATE DATASET !
Found duplicate Key: nt-639
Keys should be unique and deterministic in nature

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

DuplicatedKeysError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
[/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py](https://localhost:8080/#) in check_duplicate_keys(self)
    449         for hash, key in self.hkey_record:
    450             if hash in tmp_record:
--> 451                 raise DuplicatedKeysError(key)
    452             else:
    453                 tmp_record.add(hash)

DuplicatedKeysError: FAILURE TO GENERATE DATASET !
Found duplicate Key: nt-639
Keys should be unique and deterministic in nature
```

### Environment info
datasets version: 1.18.3
Platform: Google colab notebook
Python version: 3.7
PyArrow version: 6.0.1


`dataset = dataset.map()` causes faiss index lost

Something isn't working

## Describe the bug
assigning the resulted dataset to original dataset causes lost of the faiss index

## Steps to reproduce the bug
`my_dataset` is a regular loaded dataset. It's a part of a customed dataset structure
```python
self.dataset.add_faiss_index('embeddings')
self.dataset.list_indexes()
# ['embeddings']

dataset2 = my_dataset.map(
    lambda x: self._get_nearest_examples_batch(x['text']), batch=True
)

# the unexpected result:
dataset2.list_indexes()
# []

self.dataset.list_indexes()
# ['embeddings']
```

in case something wrong with my `_get_nearest_examples_batch()`, it's like this
```python
def _get_nearest_examples_batch(self, examples, k=5):
    queries = embed(examples)
    scores_batch, retrievals_batch = self.dataset.get_nearest_examples_batch(self.faiss_column, queries, k)
    return {
        'neighbors': [batch['text'] for batch in retrievals_batch],
        'scores': scores_batch
    }
```

## Expected results
`map` shouldn't drop the indexes, in another word, indexes should be carried to the generated dataset

## Actual results
map drops the indexes

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version: 1.18.3
- Platform: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS
- Python version: 3.8.12
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0


Al-Zaman : American forces killed Shaikh Abdullah al-Ani, the preacher at the mosque in the town of Qaim, near the Syrian border.

Al PROPN - PUNCT Zaman PROPN : PUNCT American ADJ forces NOUN killed VERB Shaikh PROPN Abdullah PROPN al PROPN - PUNCT Ani PROPN , PUNCT the DET preacher NOUN at ADP the DET mosque NOUN in ADP the DET town NOUN of ADP Qaim PROPN , PUNCT near ADP the DET Syrian ADJ border NOUN . PUNCT


[This killing of a respected cleric will be causing us trouble for years to come.]

[ PUNCT This DET killing NOUN of ADP a DET respected ADJ cleric NOUN will AUX be AUX causing VERB us PRON trouble NOUN for ADP years NOUN to PART come VERB . PUNCT ] PUNCT


DPA: Iraqi authorities announced that they had busted up 3 terrorist cells operating in Baghdad.

DPA PROPN : PUNCT Iraqi ADJ authorities NOUN announced VERB that SCONJ they PRON had AUX busted VERB up ADP 3 NUM terrorist ADJ cells NOUN operating VERB in ADP Baghdad PROPN . PUNCT


Two of them were being run by 2 officials of the Ministry of the Interior!

Two NUM of ADP them PRON were AUX being AUX run VERB by ADP 2 NUM officials NOUN of ADP the DET Ministry PROPN of ADP the DET Interior PROPN ! PUNCT


The MoI in Iraq is equivalent to the US FBI, so this would be like having J. Edgar Hoover unwittingly employ at a high level members of the Weathermen bombers back in the 1960s.

The DET MoI PROPN in ADP Iraq PROPN is AUX equivalent ADJ to ADP the DET US PROPN FBI PROPN , PUNCT so ADV this PRON would AUX be VERB like SCONJ having VERB J. PROPN Edgar PROPN Hoover PROPN unwittingly ADV employ VERB at ADP a DET high ADJ level NOUN members NOUN of ADP the DET Weathermen PROPN bombers NOUN back ADV in ADP the DET 1960s NOUN . PUNCT


The third was being run by the head of an investment firm.

The DET third ADJ was AUX being AUX run VERB by ADP the DET head NOUN of ADP an DET investment NOUN firm NOUN . PUNCT


You wonder if he was manipulating the market with his bombing targets.

You PRON wonder VERB if SCONJ he PRON was AUX manipulating VERB the DET market NOUN with ADP his PRON bombing NOUN targets NOUN . PUNCT


The cells were operating in the Ghazaliyah and al-Jihad districts of the capital.

The DET cells NOUN were AUX operating VERB in ADP the DET Ghazaliyah PROPN and CCONJ al PROPN - PUNCT Jihad PROPN districts NOUN of ADP the DET capital NOUN . PUNCT


Although the announcement was probably made to show progress in identifying and breaking up terror cells, I don't find the news that the Baathists continue to penetrate the Iraqi government very hopeful.

Although SCONJ the DET announcement NOUN was AUX probably ADV made VERB to PART show VERB progress NOUN in SCONJ identifying VERB and CCONJ breaking VERB up ADP terror NOUN cells NOUN , PUNCT I PRON do AUX n't PART find VERB the DET news NOUN that SCONJ the DET Baathists PROPN continue VERB to PART penetrate VERB the DET Iraqi ADJ government NOUN very ADV hopeful ADJ . PUNCT


It reminds me too much of the ARVN officers who were secretly working for the other side in Vietnam.

It PRON reminds VERB me PRON too ADV much ADV of ADP the DET ARVN PROPN officers NOUN who PRON were AUX secretly ADV working VERB for ADP the DET other ADJ side NOUN in ADP Vietnam PROPN . PUNCT


explanation why the edits made under my username hardcore metallica fan were reverted they were not vandalisms just closure on some gas after i voted at new york dolls fac and please do not remove the template from the talk page since i am retired now


d aww he matches this background colour i am seemingly stuck with thanks talk 21 51 january 11 2016 utc


hey man i am really not trying to edit war it just that this guy is constantly removing relevant information and talking to me through edits instead of my talk page he seems to care more about the formatting than the actual info


more i cannot make any real suggestions on improvement i wondered if the section statistics should be later on or a subsection of types of accidents i think the references may need tidying so that they are all in the exact same format ie date format etc i can do that later on if no one else does first if you have any preferences for formatting style on references or want to do it yourself please let me know there appears to be a backlog on articles for review so i guess there may be a delay until a reviewer turns up it listed in the relevant form eg wikipedia good_article_nominations transport


you sir are my hero any chance you remember what page that on


congratulations from me as well use the tools well talk


cocksucker before you piss around on my work


your vandalism to the matt shirvington article has been reverted please do not do it again or you will be banned


sorry if the word nonsense was offensive to you anyway i am not intending to write anything in the article wow they would jump on me for vandalism i am merely requesting that it be more encyclopedic so one can use it for school as a reference i have been to the selective breeding page but it almost a stub it points to animal breeding which is a short messy article that gives you no info there must be someone around with expertise in eugenics


alignment on this subject and which are contrary to those of dulithgow


Madam President, on a point of order.

Fru talman!


The agreement in question involves number in [[ nouns ]] and << reflexive pronouns >> and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English , like grammatical gender in languages such as French , is partly arbitrary .


The agreement in question involves number in nouns and reflexive pronouns and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English , like [[ grammatical gender ]] in << languages >> such as French , is partly arbitrary .


The agreement in question involves number in nouns and reflexive pronouns and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English , like grammatical gender in << languages >> such as [[ French ]] , is partly arbitrary .


In this paper , a novel [[ method ]] to learn the << intrinsic object structure >> for robust visual tracking is proposed .


In this paper , a novel method to learn the [[ intrinsic object structure ]] for << robust visual tracking >> is proposed .


The basic assumption is that the << parameterized object state >> lies on a [[ low dimensional manifold ]] and can be learned from training data .


Based on this assumption , firstly we derived the [[ dimensionality reduction and density estimation algorithm ]] for << unsupervised learning of object intrinsic representation >> , the obtained non-rigid part of object state reduces even to 2 dimensions .


Secondly the << dynamical model >> is derived and trained based on this [[ intrinsic representation ]] .


Thirdly the learned [[ intrinsic object structure ]] is integrated into a << particle-filter style tracker >> .


We will show that this intrinsic object representation has some interesting properties and based on which the newly derived [[ dynamical model ]] makes << particle-filter style tracker >> more robust and reliable .


dear american teens question dutch person heard guys get way easier things learn age us sooooo thth graders like  right guys learn math


nothing look forward lifei dont many reasons keep going feel like nothing keeps going next day makes want hang myself


music recommendations im looking expand playlist usual genres alt pop minnesota hip hop steampunk various indie genres artists people like cavetown aliceband bug hunter penelope scott various rhymesayers willing explore new genresartists such anything generic rap the type exclusively sex drugs cool rapper is rap types pretty good pop popular couple years ago dunno technical genre name anyways anyone got music recommendations favorite artistssongs


im done trying feel betterthe reason im still alive know mum devastated ever killed myself ever passes im still state im going hesitate ending life shortly after im almost  take meds go therapy nothing seems help enough dont want around anymore hate feeling like this wouldnt wish upon enemy brain feels like constantly like static tv wont shut overthinking do think im running options dont see living past  got accepted health science degree dont even know wanna try know im smart mental illness holds back think cant anything im good enough need fucking help dont know anymore ive run options


worried  year old girl subject domestic physicalmental housewithout going lot know girl know girl etc let give brief background known girl  years lives uk live different country kept touch electronic means first girl schizophrenic host illnesses too dad severe anger issues abuses physically mentally makes serve food wash dishes clean house shouts beats petty things like spilling water picking toys floor threatened knife beats plates glasses punches head last time got beat around month ago one siblings gets beat up tried tell mother beating showed bruises too mother refuses believe even laughed off probably fear confronting him husband yells wife too family treat well either sister mean tell father put trouble family tends isolate her even remember birthday all family cold her often tend alienate since act normal girl often feels suicidal due this inflicted selfharm cut wrist starves believes way family accept her make worse two incidents life must tell about raped walking back home night initially tell parents sometime later police reports filed rape suffered false pregnancy girl symptoms disorder like lactating breasts happened early  depressed incident summer  approximately family sent couple family friends wellknown treatments advertised herbal therapy accupuncture etc however happened next terrible left alone husband wife went somewhere else guy tortured her instance made sit container filled water upto neck closed lid imagine kind stress panic would cause schizophrenic patient miscellaneous details gt gets visit psychiatrist school able hide problems psychiatrist noted girl able put front really well gt five psychiatrists past gt enjoys drawingpainting learning new languages writing poems gt depressed tends victimized mentality blames problems want report abuse due trouble family face tells stopped cutting lately problem refuses tell anyone abuse even tries defend father saying fault help her although seem extremely suicidal concern physically mental abuse girl subject everyday healthy environment anyone grow in really wish rescued clutches belligerent controlling father dysfunctional family


hey rredflag sure right place post this goes  im currently student intern sandia national labs working survey help improve marketing outreach efforts many schools recruit around country were looking current undergradgrad stem students stem student know stem students would greatly appreciate help take pass along short survey thank you everyone helps take survey entered drawing chance win one three  amazon gcs


feel like someone needs hear tonight feeling right think cant anything people keep puting listen this its your life everyone else living it someone tells unable something work get done say wrong someone says youl never make it work hard make end one make it could make putting people like that see life nobody tell cant do one tell live where love look end let climb height hope someone needed hear tonight beutiful life good night sincerely  austin zippy


deserve liveif died right noone would carei real friendsi always start conversations get dry responses i feel comfortable around females emotional abuse mom put left usi never find love i keep getting reminded everyday failure disappointment parents compared siblingsi first suicidal thought  afraid grades good enough parents this probably end soon


feels good ive set dateim killing friday nice finally know im gonna it bye


live guiltok made stupid random choice  its getting me basically molested relative super erratic thing haunting right now random walk home randomly assaulted classmate screamed name loud pretty much annoying asshole everything could torment later excluded i excluded well none mattered later went bunch horrible things people already loner death wish gets everyday living guilt possibly created mass shooter hear hes basically end life ready die


As of March 13th , 2014 , the booklet had been downloaded over 18,300 times and counting .


In order to help increase the booklets downloads , it would be great if all Stormfronters who had YouTube accounts , could display the following text in the description boxes of their uploaded YouTube videos .


( Simply copy and paste the following text into your YouTube videos description boxes. )


Click below for a FREE download of a colorfully illustrated 132 page e-book on the Zionist-engineered INTENTIONAL destruction of Western civilization .


Click on the `` DOWNLOAD ( 7.42 MB ) '' green banner link .


Booklet updated on Feb. 14th , 2014 .


( Now with over 18,300 Downloads. )


PDF file : http://www.mediafire.com/download/7p3p3goadvvqvsf/WNDebateBooklet_2-14-14.pdfMSWordfile:http://www.mediafire.com/download/psezkkk4d6a3wt1/WNDebateBooklet _ 2-14-14.docx Watch the 10 hour video version of `` The Zionist Attack on Western Civilization '' @ http://trutube.tv/video/14247/The-Zionist-Attack-on-Western-Civilization-Pages-1-33-Part-1-of-4-Banned-from-YouTubeNotepadPromotionalYouTubeComment:http://www.mediafire.com/download/96fg6ft02lyfruz/Booklet _ White _ YT _ Comment _ ( Hyperlinked ) .txt http://www.mediafire.com/download/zcn3wozjbwnezms/Booklet-White-YT-Comment- ( Hyperlinked-Back-Up % 5D.txt http://www.mediafire.com/download/9uyudq1yuxu1dur/Booklet+Comment+%28Firefox%29.txt2minutepromotionalBOOKLETvideo@http://www.youtube.com/watch ? v = _ 8hg254ALpM Are you interested in helping spread the booklet download link across the world ?


Then why not simply copy this text ( & links ) and paste it into the description box of your YouTube videos ?


Thank you in advance. : ) Download the youtube `` description box '' info text file below @ http://www.mediafire.com/download/dqhn1czprr17o21/Booklet-Description-Box _ Info.txt


What would be the reason there's an extra fee on my statement?


Is there a way I can get my ATM card back from the machine?


Why did my my transfer get declined?


Do you know why my card payment was reverted?


I'm concerned about a payment that has recently been made on my card.  I do not recognize the name that the transaction went to, can you help me?


As for limits are top ups included?


Can I top up with a cheque?


I found a charge for a direct debit that was not made by me.


The exchange rate on my purchase is wrong.


Can I resent my passcode?


Homicide Lyrics
Son, you know why you the greatest alive?
Why, Dad?
Because you came out of my balls, nigga
Hahahahahaha
Fuck rap
Bustin like an addict with a semi-automatic
Who done had it, and he ready for anybody to buck back
Hold up, catch a vibe, aint no way in hell we leavin nobody alive
Leave a suicide note, fuck that
Bobby feelin villainous, he killin this
Im comin for your man and his lady and even the baby
Im feelin like Im, chika-chika-chika, Slim Shady with rabies
Im foamin at the mouth, aint nobody takin me out
Every single rapper in the industry, yeah, they know what Im about
And I dare you to test me
Cause not a single one of you motherfuckers impress me
And maybe thats a little bit of an exaggeration
But Im full of innovation
And Im tired of all of this high school Hes cool, hes not rap shit
Can a single one of you motherfuckers even rap? Shit
No, this aint a diss to the game, this a gas to the flame
Nowadays, everybody sound the same, shits lame
Like a moth to the flame, Ima reel em in and kill em
Know you feelin lyricism when Im spillin it, Im feelin myself
Yeah, yeah, Bobby Boy, he be feelin himself
Mass murder like this cant be good for my health
When I rap like this, do I sound like shit?
Well, it dont really matter, cause Im killin this shit
Yeah, Im killin this shit
Oh yeah, oh yeah, Im killin this shit
Bobby, how many times you been killin this shit?
Find another rhyme, goddamn, nigga, shit
Fuck rap
Bustin like an addict with a semi-automatic
Who done had it, and he ready for anybody to buck back
Hold up, catch a vibe, aint no way in hell we leavin nobody alive
Leave a suicide note, fuck that
Bobby feelin villainous, he killin this
Im comin for your man and his lady and even the baby
Im feelin like Im, chika-chika-chika-chika
Chika-chika-chika-chika-chika, Slim Shady
Theres nowhere to hide, we call this shit genocide
Hit em with that and they die
We gon leave em crucified, we call this shit genocide
I got bitches, I got hoes, I got rare designer clothes
No, we aint fuckin with that
Yeah, theres a time and a place
But if you aint comin with the illest of raps
Callin yourself the greatest alive
Then you dont deserve to do that
No, no, oh no, no, please do not do that
You gon get smacked
You gon make Bobby attack
You gon make Bobby Boy snap
You gon make Bobby Boy snap
Fuck rap
Bustin like an addict with a semi-automatic
Who done had it, and he ready for anybody to buck back
Hold up, catch a vibe, aint no way in hell we leavin nobody alive
Leave a suicide note, fuck that
Bobby feelin villainous, he killin this
Im comin for your man and his lady and even the baby
Im feelin like Im chika-chika-chika-chika
Chika-chika-chika-chika-chika, Slim Shady
Jigga-jigga-jigga-jigga-jigga like JAY-Z
Jig is up, you fuckers who didnt write anything
Are getting washed, liga-liga-liga, like bathing
Young Hova, I know hitters like Yankees
Gun toters that pull triggers like crazy
Unloadin, leave you shot up in your Rover
Your body goes limp and slumps over
Like A-Rod in a month lull, but he just homered
Hol up, I said Rover because now your Rover is red
Like Red Rover, so you know what I meant
But I roll over my opponents instead
Makin dog sounds cause I gotta keep breakin these bars down
Ill go slow for the speds
But when I go like the Dobermann said
I still think the would go over your head
Beast mode, motherfuckers bout to get hit
With so many foul lines, youll think Im a free throw
Figured it was about time for people to eat crow
You about to get out-rhymed, how could I be dethroned?
I stay on my toes like the repo, a behemoth in sheeps clothes
From the East Coast to the West, Im the ethos and Im the G.O.A.T
Who the best, I dont gotta say a fuckin thing, though
Cause MCs know
But you dont wanna hear me spit the facts
Your shit is ass like a tailbone
Or youre trapped in your cell phone
Or my chicken scratch, or my self-loathe
I dont wanna fuckin listen to you spit your raps someone else wrote
Used to get beat up by the big kids
Used to let the big kids steal my big wheel
And I wouldnt do shit but just sit still
Now moneys not a big deal
Im rich, I wipe my ass with six mill
Big bills like a platypus
A caterpillars comin to get the cannabis
Im lookin for the smoke but you motherfuckers are scatterin
Batterin everything and Ive had it with the inadequate
Man, I can see my dick is standin stiff as a mannequin
And Im bringin the bandana back, and the fuckin headband again
A handkerchief and Im thinkin of bringin the fuckin fingerless gloves back
And not giving a singular fuck, like fuck rap
I sound like a fuckin millionaire
With a Derringer with a hair trigger
Bout to bear hug a fuckin terrier, the Ric Flair dripper
Yall couldnt hold a candle at a prayer vigil
When I vent, they compare me to a fuckin air duct
Im bout to bare-knuckle it, nah, fuck it
Im gonna go upside their head with a Nantucket
Abraca-fuckin-dabra
The track is the blood, Im attracted, Im attackin it
What? Dracula, fuck that shit
Im up, back with a thud
Man, stop
Look what Im plannin, plannin, Im plannin to
Do all this while ya panickin
And youre lookin and starin at mannequins
And Im goin to Fanagans
Trying to get up a plan against
All of the blana-kazana-ka-fam-bam-bannigans
While of all the bana-kazanika Hanna in a cabana
Youre in a cab-
Im in a cabana and a Janet
Im in a cabana chantin all this standup banter
While you dont got the stamina, youre lackin the stamina
Youre lackin the stamina while youre divorcin Harrison Ford
And Im in a Porsche on the floorboards
While Im world tourin
You usin way too many napkins, papkins
Lapkins and chapki-
You using ChapStick and napkins while Im bapkin
Flappin around like a bapkin
Flamminababbitapannitajampkin
Dammit, a can of pada-742Embed


quantum field theory naturally began with the study of electromagnetic interactions as the electromagnetic field was the only known classical field as of the 1920s 8 1

Question: when was quantum field theory developed

Answer: 1920s


the nobel prize in literature swedish nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually by the swedish academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature it is one of the five nobel prizes established by the 1895 will of alfred nobel which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry physics literature peace and physiology or medicine 1 as dictated by nobel s will the award is administered by the nobel foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the swedish academy 2 the first nobel prize in literature was awarded in 1901 to sully prudhomme of france 3 each recipient receives a medal a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years 4 in 1901 prudhomme received 150 782 sek which is equivalent to 8 823 637 78 sek in january 2018 the award is presented in stockholm at an annual ceremony on december 10 the anniversary of nobel s death 5

Question: who was the first nobel prize winner for literature

Answer: sully

Answer: prudhomme


hangul was personally created and promulgated by the fourth king of the joseon dynasty sejong the great 1 2 sejong s scholarly institute the hall of worthies is often credited with the work and at least one of its scholars was heavily involved in its creation but it appears to have also been a personal project of sejong

Question: who invented hangul

Answer: sejong

Answer: the

Answer: great


grasshoppers are plant eaters with a few species at times becoming serious pests of cereals vegetables and pasture especially when they swarm in their millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas they protect themselves from predators by camouflage when detected many species attempt to startle the predator with a brilliantly coloured wing flash while jumping and if adult launching themselves into the air usually flying for only a short distance other species such as the rainbow grasshopper have warning coloration which deters predators grasshoppers are affected by parasites and various diseases and many predatory creatures feed on both nymphs and adults the eggs are the subject of attack by parasitoids and predators

Question: what do grasshoppers eat

Answer: grasshoppers

Answer: are

Answer: plant

Answer: eaters

Answer: with

Answer: a

Answer: few

Answer: species

Answer: at

Answer: times

Answer: becoming

Answer: serious

Answer: pests

Answer: of

Answer: cereals

Answer: vegetables

Answer: and

Answer: pasture

Answer: especially

Answer: when

Answer: they

Answer: swarm

Answer: in

Answer: their

Answer: millions

Answer: as

Answer: locusts

Answer: and

Answer: destroy

Answer: crops

Answer: over

Answer: wide

Answer: areas


guitar hero live is a music video game developed by freestylegames and published by activision it was released for playstation 3 playstation 4 wii u xbox 360 and xbox one in october 2015 and to ios devices including apple tv in november 2015 as with previous games in the series the goal is to use a special guitar controller to match fret patterns displayed on a scrolling note pattern on screen in time with the music

Question: when was guitar hero live first released

Answer: october

Answer: 2015


on march 7 1901 lupinus subcarnosus became the only species of bluebonnet recognized as the state flower of texas 2 however lupinus texensis emerged as the favorite of most texans so in 1971 the texas legislature made any similar species of lupinus that could be found in texas the state flower 3 4

Question: when were bluebonnets named the state flower of texas

Answer: march

Answer: 7

Answer: 1901


taylor s keel was laid down by bath iron works corp bath maine on may 5 1983 she was launched november 5 1983 and commissioned december 1 1984 in bath maine taylor was sponsored by barbara a taylor the widow of the ship s namesake and diane taylor oeland as matron of honor

Question: when was the uss taylor built

Answer: may

Answer: 5

Answer: 1983


13 December 2013 Iraq attacks. On 13 December 2013, Friday multiple attacks killed at least 36 people and wounded 46 in Iraq. A gunman killed at least 18 people, including 15 Iranians and another 7 were wounded, including 5 Iranians in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. In Ramadi, a car bomb killed at least 6 people and another 10 were wounded. At least 5 people die and another 14 were injured after a car exploded in Nahrawan. A car bomb killed at least 5 people and 13 others were wounded in Madain. Insurgents shoot dead at least 2 people in Ghazaliyah, Baghdad Governorate.


"Operation Tiger Hound. Operation Tiger Hound was a covert U.S. 2nd Air Division, later Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction campaign conducted in southeastern Laos from 5 December 1965 till 11 November 1968, during the Vietnam War. The purpose of the operation was to interdict the flow of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Truong Son Strategic Supply Route to the North Vietnamese) from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), through southeastern Laos, and into the northern provinces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The missions were originally controlled by the 2d Air Division until that headquarters was superseded by the Seventh Air Force on 1 April 1966. The geographic boundary of the operation was carved from the area of Laos already under bombardment under Operation Steel Tiger. This was done at the behest of the American commander in South Vietnam, General William C. Westmoreland, who saw the area of Laos that bordered the five northernmost provinces of South Vietnam as an extension of his area of operations. The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff agreed. Unlike Operation Barrel Roll and ""Steel Tiger,"" however, the bombing in the new area would be conducted by aircraft of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force and by U.S. Air Force units based in South Vietnam (aircraft participating in ""Barrel Roll"" and ""Steel Tiger"" were generally based in Thailand). By the end of 1968 and the absorption of ""Tiger Hound"" operations by Operation Commando Hunt, 103,148 tactical air sorties had been flown over Laos. These missions were supplemented by 1,718 B-52 Stratofortress sorties under Operation Arc Light. During the same time period, 132 U.S. aircraft or helicopters were shot down over Laos."


"Operation Market Garden. Operation Market Garden was a failed World War II military operation fought in the Netherlands from 17 to 25 September 1944. It was the brainchild of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, planned primarily by Generals Brereton and Williams of the USAAF. The airborne part of the operation was undertaken by the First Allied Airborne Army with the land operation by XXX Corps of the British Second Army. The objective was to create a salient into German territory with a bridgehead over the River Rhine, creating an Allied invasion route into northern Germany. This was to be achieved by seizing a series of nine bridges by Airborne forces with land forces swiftly following moving over the bridges. The operation succeeded in liberating the Dutch cities of Eindhoven and Nijmegen along with many towns, creating a salient into German-held territory limiting V-2 rocket launching sites. It failed, however, to secure a bridgehead over the Rhine, halting at the river. Market Garden consisted of two sub operations: The attack was the largest airborne operation up to that point in World War II. Supreme Commander General Eisenhower's strategic goal was to encircle the heart of German industry, the Ruhr Area, in a pincer movement. The northern end of the pincer would circumvent the northern end of the Siegfried Line, giving easier access into Germany across the north German plains enabling mobile warfare. The prime aim of Operation Market Garden was to establish the northern end of a pincer ready to project deeper into Germany. Allied forces would project north from Belgium, through the Netherlands, across the Rhine and consolidate north of Arnhem on the Dutch/German border, ready to close the pincer. The operation made massive use of airborne forces, whose tactical objectives were to secure the bridges and to allow a rapid advance by armored ground units to consolidate north of Arnhem. The operation required the seizure of the bridges by airborne troops across the Meuse River, two arms of the Rhine (the Waal River and the Lower Rhine), together with crossings over several smaller canals and tributaries. However, this large airborne force contrasted with the ground forces being light with only one corps moving north of Eindhoven, XXX Corps. XXX Corps took along 5,000 vehicles full of bridging equipment and 9,000 sappers. The Allies captured several bridges between Eindhoven and Nijmegen at the beginning of the operation. Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks' XXX Corps ground force advance was delayed by the initial failure of the airborne units to secure bridges at Son en Breugel and Nijmegen. German forces demolished the bridge over the Wilhelmina Canal at Son before it could be captured by the US 101st Airborne Division, although a Bailey bridge was then built over the canal by British sappers. This delayed XXX Corps' advance by 12 hours, however they made up the time, reaching Nijmegen on schedule. The US 82nd Airborne Division's failure to capture the main highway bridge over the Waal River at Nijmegen before 20 September delayed the advance by 36 hours. XXX Corps had to seize the bridge themselves instead of speeding over a captured bridge onwards to Arnhem, where the British paratroopers were still holding the north end of the bridge. At the northern point of the airborne operation, the British 1st Airborne Division initially encountered strong resistance. The delays in capturing the bridge at Nijmegen and constructing a Bailey bridge at Son gave time for German forces (the 9th SS Panzer Division ""Hohenstaufen"" and 10th SS Panzer Division ""Frundsberg"", which were in the Arnhem area at the start of the jump) to organise their counterattack. A small British force managed to capture the north end of the Arnhem road bridge, denying use of the intact bridge to German forces. After the ground forces failed to relieve the paratroopers on time, they were overrun on 21 September. At the same time that XXX Corps' tanks moved over the Nijmegen bridge, 36 hours late, after seizing it from the Germans, the British paratroopers at the Arnhem bridge were capitulating, unable to hold on any longer. The remainder of the British 1st Airborne Division was trapped in a small pocket west of the Arnhem bridge, which was evacuated on 25 September after sustaining heavy casualties. The Allies had failed to cross the Rhine. The river remained a barrier to their advance into Germany until offensives at Remagen, Oppenheim, Rees and Wesel in March 1945. The failure of Operation Market Garden to form a foothold over the Rhine ended Allied hopes of finishing the war by Christmas 1944."


Greenland in World War II. The fall of Denmark in April 1940 left the Danish colony of Greenland an unoccupied territory of an occupied nation, under threat of seizure by the United Kingdom or Canada. To forestall this, the United States acted to guarantee Greenland's position. However, with the entrance of the United States into the war in December 1941, Greenland became a combatant. From 1941 until 1945, the United States established numerous and extensive facilities for air and sea traffic in Greenland, as well as radio beacons, radio stations, weather stations, ports, depots, artillery posts, and search-and-rescue stations. The United States Coast Guard also provided a considerable portion of the civilian resupply task up and down both coasts. Economically, Greenland traded successfully with the United States, Canada, and Portugal, which, supplemented by the cryolite exports, caused a reanimation and permanent realignment of the island's economy.


Question: It says I need to close both of my label elements. Haven't I done that?

I think the message is thrown off because you didn't close the input tags. Also, opening and closing tags need to be indented the same amount.


Question:
I am new to rustc. Am I able to apply a #[derive()] to a type brought into scope with a use?

I want to:

use: foo::Bar;

#[derive(rkyv::Archive, rkyv::Serialize, rkyv::Deserialize)]
struct A {
    b: Bar;
    c: Car;
}

but this raises a compiler error:
the trait 'Archive' is not implemented for 'Bar'

`derive` is only applied on declaration. You can't import a `struct` and change it with a `derive`. You'd have to actually go to the file where that `struct` was first declared and add the derive there.

If that's not possible, you'd need to find a way to not have `Bar` participate in that `struct` to use that specific derive.

Ps.: You can also just do what the `derive` is doing manually as well.


Question:
Clippy gives me the  warning "use of 'expect' followed by a function call" regarding the following piece of code:

`.expect(format!("Couldn't find position of {}", search_word).as_str());`

and advises me to use

`.unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Couldn't find position of {}", search_word))`

instead. Does anyone know why this is the case?

Edit:
Explanation of all the warnings Clippy gives, which I somehow only found now some time after being helped out in this thread:
https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html

`.unwrap_or_else(||)` is lazily evaluated, i.e. in your case the `format!()`/`panic!()` macros will get called only if the unwrapping fails. On the other hand, your `.expect()` will call `format!()` every time, even if the newly allocated string (the result of `format!()`) ends up not being used because the unwrapping succeeded. Clippy wants you to avoid an unnecessary allocation that `format!` may make.


Question:
 I'm writing some code where I need to cast integers to float, but since the casting operation is something that happens very often in the script, I'd like to declare a constant and change the type of the casting from f32 to f64 in order to change all the casting operations immediately.

Is it possible to do something like this in rust?

    const FLOAT: primitive type = f32;
    let x = 3 as FLOAT;

Are you looking for the [`type` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.type.html)?


Question:
 I'm writing some code where I need to cast integers to float, but since the casting operation is something that happens very often in the script, I'd like to declare a constant and change the type of the casting from f32 to f64 in order to change all the casting operations immediately.

Is it possible to do something like this in rust?

    const FLOAT: primitive type = f32;
    let x = 3 as FLOAT;

As already said, `type` is what you are asking for. You can use it for the function and struct signatures to quickly change.

But as for the casting, eventually consider using `try_from` and `from` in place of `as` to ensure the casts don't cause unnecessary panics or unexpected behavior, especially if you want to swap across the board.

Rust's type-inference, combined with using `type`, can make non-panicking code that behaves consistently, and `as`, though convenient, has a bunch of possible changes. See https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/#as_conversions and the mentioned clippy lints for what I'm referring to.


Question:
I've read a file to a String, and it ends with a '\n' which makes me unable to convert it to a float, before moving on with other operations. I know that '/n' will have position 5, which makes hesitate between turning the string_var mutable and using string_var.pop() or going with string_var[0..5].

Are there any advantages with either of them which I should know?

I would use [`.trim_end()`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html#method.trim_end) (or `.trim()` if there might be whitespace at the beginning as well.)


Question:
I've read a file to a String, and it ends with a '\n' which makes me unable to convert it to a float, before moving on with other operations. I know that '/n' will have position 5, which makes hesitate between turning the string_var mutable and using string_var.pop() or going with string_var[0..5].

Are there any advantages with either of them which I should know?

I might be wrong on some details but:
Slice will create a new stack variable
Pop will (try to) get the last element and return it

So generally slice should have better performance.
You could also use `.truncate` which wouldn't do any bonus allocations or returns.
But unless it is some performance-heavy code all of them should do fine. And if it is, benchmarks are the way to go.


Question:
Doing rustlings I ran into

                 match tuple {
                    (r @ 0..=255, g @ 0..=255, b @ 0..=255) => Ok(Color{
                    red: r as u8,
                    green: g as u8,
                    blue: b as u8,
                }),
                ...

I never ran into syntax like this before and would like to read more about it but all I found was one line in the book.  [The book  appendix](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/appendix-02-operators.html)

It's a part of [identifier patterns](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/patterns.html#identifier-patterns). It matches the pattern on the right side of `@` and gives the name on the left side to the whole matched value


I remember going to the fireworks with my best friend. There was a lot of people_comma_ but it only felt like us in the world.

I remember going to see the fireworks with my best friend. It was the first time we ever spent time alone together. Although there was a lot of people_comma_ we felt like the only people in the world.

Was this a friend you were in love with_comma_ or just a best friend?

Oh was this something that happened because of an argument?


it feels like hitting to blank wall when i see the darkness

I do actually hit blank walls a lot of times but i get by

i virtually thought so.. and i used to get sweatings


I showed a guy how to run a good bead in welding class and he caught on quick.

Im good_comma_ trying to understand how someone can feel like hitting a blank wall when they see the darkness

it's quite strange that you didnt imagine it

i dont imagine feeling a lot_comma_ maybe your on to something


And thats something you should never do_comma_ good on you.

Yea it hasn't been easy but I am proud I haven't

What do you mean it hasn't been easy? How close have you come to cheating?


A recent job interview that I had made me feel very anxious because I felt like I didn't come prepared.

Job interviews always make me sweat bullets_comma_ makes me uncomfortable in general to be looked at under a microscope like that.

I feel like getting prepared and then having a curve ball thrown at you throws you off.

It's hard to stay clam. How do you do it?


I am very happy to have been first over 300 students during this years at my enginering school

Hi_comma_ this year_comma_ I was the first over 300 students at my enginering school

It is computer science. I am very happy of this achievement and my family is very proud.

Well pleased. You should be having brains_comma_man!That's a tough course_comma_i hear.


I lost my job last year and got really angry.

I am sorry to hear that. Did it happen out of the blue?

I am sorry to hear that. I hope it turned out to be a blessing in decise.


One year during christmas_comma_ i did not get a single gift. It was a rough day for me.

During christmas a few years ago_comma_ I did not get any presents.

Wow_comma_ that must be terrible_comma_ I cannot imagine_comma_ I lvoe christmas

Since that day christmas has not been a good time for me. As I have no family_comma_ christmas is always the worst.

Wow_comma_ I am sorry to hear that_comma_ I wish I could make it a better holiday for you!

Some days are just days that you never forget. I wish you could as well.


I was at work_comma_ and my coworker was called into my bosses office. Then they were allowed to work remotely every monday. this made me jealous because I enjoy working from home

My coworker is allowed to work remotely_comma_ but I am not...

I work remotely_comma_ I wish that you could do something like that as well.

I do too_comma_ it is unfortnuate because_comma_ unbiased_comma_ I am our best performer_comma_ so it is curious

Sometimes in life_comma_ it is not about performance. Some people just get a shiner spoon.


I was home alone. I heard a loud noise come from the kitchen.

The other night I was alone and heard a nose coming from the kitchen... it was creepy.


A Quick Bite Argeneau 1


A Bite to Remember Argeneau 5


Every Dead Thing Charlie Parker 1


Knife Edge Noughts Crosses 2


Men Explain Things to Me


White Witch Black Curse The Hollows 7


I Am the Messenger


All the Light We Cannot See


Energetic training today with our San Antonio New DollarsNew Partners trainees

energetic training today with our san antonio new dollarsnew partners trainees


Let your voice be heard 18 endsuicide blithe selfharm thinspo bonespo edo hurt cut

let your voice be heard 18 endsuicide blithe selfharm thinspo bonespo edo hurt cut


RT AustinPowers Shark Week would be so much better if the sharks had laser beams attached to their frickin heads

rt austinpowers shark week would be so much better if the sharks had laser beams attached to their frickin heads


RT jarpad Hey WBSDCC look what were up to JensenAckles paulwesley iansomerhalder

rt jarpad hey wbsdcc look what were up to jensenackles paulwesley iansomerhalder


CogTn How do we get fresh oil Separate the flesh from the SEEDcrushed bryancutshall

cogtn how do we get fresh oil separate the flesh from the seedcrushed bryancutshall


RT DailyMailCeleb Little Mixs Jesy has been showing off her engagement ring  httptcoawZnuVyjDc httptcoYPDUXrrhgA

rt dailymailceleb little mixs jesy has been showing off her engagement ring

rt dailymail celeb little mix jesy has been showing off her engagement ring


bexmader recently I got a wicked tshirt  you like it

bexmader recently i got a wicked tshirt  you like it


Absolute loml my beautiful  kind hearted baby boy

absolute loml my beautiful  kind hearted baby boy


Carpet can have mold Carpet is part of furniture.


Refrigerator is appliance used to store food.


Breadbox is a box into which food is stored.


Fridge is appliance used to store food.


coach is a place where people work.


Town is a built-up area with a name, defined boundaries and local government, that is larger than a village and generally smaller than a city. Business restaurant is likely to be located in a town.


Hotel is a building where people can stay temporarily. Business restaurant is not likely to be located at hotel.


Mall is a large enclosed shopping area from which traffic is excluded. Mall is a shopping area and not a business restaurant.


Business sector isnt a correct option.


Yellow pages is a type of directory listing businesses and their contact numbers according to the goods they offer. Yellow pages is the listing of businesses and is not a place to locate business restaurant.


What are some interesting movies in 2016?


What are the 3 types of NoSql databases?

What are the main differences between the four types of NoSql databases (KeyValue Store, Column-Oriented Store, Document-Oriented, Graph Database)?


Can you suggest 5 recent malayalam books to buy?

What are the top 3 Malayalam books for teenagers?


What's the best language to learn for hacking, and what do you recommend?


Can carbon steel A285 be used for holding tank for fatty alcohol?

How do I block someone on IMO on iPhone version?


What is the QuickBooks installation support phone number?

What is the QuickBooks technical support phone number in New York?


Do former US presidents get NSC/CIA briefings?

Are the former US presidents still in the dangerous positions of being assassinated?


If you could re-live your 20's, what would you do?

What advice would you give to your 22 year old self?


Why are there so many questions on Quora about Pianos?


Is our PM Modi doing the correct thing with 500 and 1000 Rs notes?

What do you think about ban on Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes?


First, we'll download the dataset to our local machine. The data consists of characters rendered in a variety of fonts on a 28x28 image. The labels are limited to 'A' through 'J' (10 classes). The training set has about 500k and the testset 19000 labeled examples. Given these sizes, it should be possible to train models quickly on any machine.

url = 'https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/books1000/'
last_percent_reported = None
data_root = '.' # Change me to store data elsewhere

def download_progress_hook(count, blockSize, totalSize):
  """A hook to report the progress of a download. This is mostly intended for users with
  slow internet connections. Reports every 5% change in download progress.
  """
  global last_percent_reported
  percent = int(count * blockSize * 100 / totalSize)

  if last_percent_reported != percent:
    if percent % 5 == 0:
      sys.stdout.write("%s%%" % percent)
      sys.stdout.flush()
    else:
      sys.stdout.write(".")
      sys.stdout.flush()

    last_percent_reported = percent

def maybe_download(filename, expected_bytes, force=False):
  """Download a file if not present, and make sure it's the right size."""
  dest_filename = os.path.join(data_root, filename)
  if force or not os.path.exists(dest_filename):
    print('Attempting to download:', filename)
    filename, _ = urlretrieve(url + filename, dest_filename, reporthook=download_progress_hook)
    print('\nDownload Complete!')
  statinfo = os.stat(dest_filename)
  if statinfo.st_size == expected_bytes:
    print('Found and verified', dest_filename)
  else:
    raise Exception(
      'Failed to verify ' + dest_filename + '. Can you get to it with a browser?')
  return dest_filename

train_filename = maybe_download('notMNIST_large.tar.gz', 247336696)
test_filename = maybe_download('notMNIST_small.tar.gz', 8458043)


Extract the dataset from the compressed .tar.gz file.
This should give you a set of directories, labeled A through J.

num_classes = 10
np.random.seed(133)

def maybe_extract(filename, force=False):
  root = os.path.splitext(os.path.splitext(filename)[0])[0]  # remove .tar.gz
  if os.path.isdir(root) and not force:
    # You may override by setting force=True.
    print('%s already present - Skipping extraction of %s.' % (root, filename))
  else:
    print('Extracting data for %s. This may take a while. Please wait.' % root)
    tar = tarfile.open(filename)
    sys.stdout.flush()
    tar.extractall(data_root)
    tar.close()
  data_folders = [
    os.path.join(root, d) for d in sorted(os.listdir(root))
    if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(root, d))]
  if len(data_folders) != num_classes:
    raise Exception(
                                                                                'Expected %d folders, one per class. Found %d instead.' % (
        num_classes, len(data_folders)))
  print(data_folders)
  return data_folders

train_folders = maybe_extract(train_filename)
test_folders = maybe_extract(test_filename)


Problem 1
Let's take a peek at some of the data to make sure it looks sensible. Each exemplar should be an image of a character A through J rendered in a different font. Display a sample of the images that we just downloaded. Hint: you can use the package IPython.display.

# Solution for Problem 1
import random
print('Displaying images of train folders')
# Looping through train folders and displaying a random image of each folder
for path in train_folders:
    image_file = os.path.join(path, random.choice(os.listdir(path)))
    display(Image(filename=image_file))

print('Displaying images of test folders')
# Looping through train folders and displaying a random image of each folder
for path in test_folders:
    image_file = os.path.join(path, random.choice(os.listdir(path)))
    display(Image(filename=image_file))


Now let's load the data in a more manageable format. Since, depending on your computer setup you might not be able to fit it all in memory, we'll load each class into a separate dataset, store them on disk and curate them independently. Later we'll merge them into a single dataset of manageable size.
We'll convert the entire dataset into a 3D array (image index, x, y) of floating point values, normalized to have approximately zero mean and standard deviation ~0.5 to make training easier down the road.
A few images might not be readable, we'll just skip them.

image_size = 28  # Pixel width and height.
pixel_depth = 255.0  # Number of levels per pixel.

def load_letter(folder, min_num_images):
  """Load the data for a single letter label."""
  image_files = os.listdir(folder)
  dataset = np.ndarray(shape=(len(image_files), image_size, image_size),
                         dtype=np.float32)
  print(folder)
  num_images = 0
  for image in image_files:
    image_file = os.path.join(folder, image)
    try:
      image_data = (ndimage.imread(image_file).astype(float) -
                    pixel_depth / 2) / pixel_depth
      if image_data.shape != (image_size, image_size):
        raise Exception('Unexpected image shape: %s' % str(image_data.shape))
      dataset[num_images, :, :] = image_data
      num_images = num_images + 1
    except IOError as e:
      print('Could not read:', image_file, ':', e, '- it\'s ok, skipping.')

  dataset = dataset[0:num_images, :, :]
  if num_images < min_num_images:
    raise Exception('Many fewer images than expected: %d < %d' %
                    (num_images, min_num_images))

  print('Full dataset tensor:', dataset.shape)
  print('Mean:', np.mean(dataset))
  print('Standard deviation:', np.std(dataset))
  return dataset

def maybe_pickle(data_folders, min_num_images_per_class, force=False):
  dataset_names = []
  for folder in data_folders:
    set_filename = folder + '.pickle'
    dataset_names.append(set_filename)
    if os.path.exists(set_filename) and not force:
      # You may override by setting force=True.
      print('%s already present - Skipping pickling.' % set_filename)
    else:
      print('Pickling %s.' % set_filename)
      dataset = load_letter(folder, min_num_images_per_class)
      try:
        with open(set_filename, 'wb') as f:
          pickle.dump(dataset, f, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
      except Exception as e:
        print('Unable to save data to', set_filename, ':', e)

  return dataset_names

train_datasets = maybe_pickle(train_folders, 45000)
test_datasets = maybe_pickle(test_folders, 1800)


Problem 2
Let's verify that the data still looks good. Displaying a sample of the labels and images from the ndarray. Hint: you can use matplotlib.pyplot.

# Solution for Problem 2
def show_first_image(datasets):
      for pickl in datasets:
        print('Showing a first image from pickle ', pickl)
        try:
            with open(pickl, 'rb') as f:
                letter_set = pickle.load(f)
                plt.imshow(letter_set[0])
        except Exception as e:
            print('Unable to show image from pickle ', pickl, ':', e)
            raise
print('From Training dataset')
show_first_image(train_datasets)
print('From Test Dataset')
show_first_image(test_datasets)


Problem 3
Another check: we expect the data to be balanced across classes. Verify that.

def show_dataset_shape(datasets):
    for pickl in datasets:
        try:
            with open(pickl, 'rb') as f:
                letter_set = pickle.load(f)
                print('Shape of pickle ', pickl, 'is', np.shape(letter_set))
        except Exception as e:
            print('Unable to show image from pickle ', pickl, ':', e)
            raise

print('Shape for Training set')
show_dataset_shape(train_datasets)
print('Shape for Test set')
show_dataset_shape(test_datasets)


Merge and prune the training data as needed. Depending on your computer setup, you might not be able to fit it all in memory, and you can tune train_size as needed. The labels will be stored into a separate array of integers 0 through 9.
Also create a validation dataset for hyperparameter tuning.

def make_arrays(nb_rows, img_size):
  if nb_rows:
    dataset = np.ndarray((nb_rows, img_size, img_size), dtype=np.float32)
    labels = np.ndarray(nb_rows, dtype=np.int32)
  else:
    dataset, labels = None, None
  return dataset, labels

def merge_datasets(pickle_files, train_size, valid_size=0):
  num_classes = len(pickle_files)
  valid_dataset, valid_labels = make_arrays(valid_size, image_size)
  train_dataset, train_labels = make_arrays(train_size, image_size)
  vsize_per_class = valid_size // num_classes
  tsize_per_class = train_size // num_classes

  start_v, start_t = 0, 0
  end_v, end_t = vsize_per_class, tsize_per_class
  end_l = vsize_per_class+tsize_per_class
  for label, pickle_file in enumerate(pickle_files):
    try:
      with open(pickle_file, 'rb') as f:
        letter_set = pickle.load(f)
        # let's shuffle the letters to have random validation and training set
        np.random.shuffle(letter_set)
        if valid_dataset is not None:
          valid_letter = letter_set[:vsize_per_class, :, :]
          valid_dataset[start_v:end_v, :, :] = valid_letter
          valid_labels[start_v:end_v] = label
          start_v += vsize_per_class
          end_v += vsize_per_class

        train_letter = letter_set[vsize_per_class:end_l, :, :]
        train_dataset[start_t:end_t, :, :] = train_letter
        train_labels[start_t:end_t] = label
        start_t += tsize_per_class
        end_t += tsize_per_class
    except Exception as e:
      print('Unable to process data from', pickle_file, ':', e)
      raise

  return valid_dataset, valid_labels, train_dataset, train_labels

"""
train_size = 200000
valid_size = 10000
test_size = 10000
"""
train_size = 20000
valid_size = 1000
test_size = 1000

valid_dataset, valid_labels, train_dataset, train_labels = merge_datasets(
  train_datasets, train_size, valid_size)
_, _, test_dataset, test_labels = merge_datasets(test_datasets, test_size)

print('Training:', train_dataset.shape, train_labels.shape)
print('Validation:', valid_dataset.shape, valid_labels.shape)
print('Testing:', test_dataset.shape, test_labels.shape)


Next, we'll randomize the data. It's important to have the labels well shuffled for the training and test distributions to match.

def randomize(dataset, labels):
  permutation = np.random.permutation(labels.shape[0])
  shuffled_dataset = dataset[permutation,:,:]
  shuffled_labels = labels[permutation]
  return shuffled_dataset, shuffled_labels
train_dataset, train_labels = randomize(train_dataset, train_labels)
test_dataset, test_labels = randomize(test_dataset, test_labels)
valid_dataset, valid_labels = randomize(valid_dataset, valid_labels)