Efficacy of nonprescription doses of ibuprofen for treating migraine headache. a randomized controlled trial.

Placebo-controlled comparison of effervescent acetylsalicylic acid, sumatriptan and ibuprofen in the treatment of migraine attacks.

Rofecoxib in the acute treatment of migraine: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Rizatriptan vs. ibuprofen in migraine: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Rofecoxib versus ibuprofen for acute treatment of migraine: a randomised placebo controlled trial.

Acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine in combination versus ibuprofen for acute migraine: results from a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, single-dose, placebo-controlled study.

The efficacy of metoclopramide in the treatment of migraine headache.

Effectiveness of ibuprofen-arginine in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.

Abstract:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen, 200 mg and 400 mg, compared with placebo and each other for the treatment of pain of migraine headache.
                Migraine headache is a common illness with significant social and economic impact.
                Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of 6 hours' treatment duration.
                Fifteen investigators at 17 private practice and referral centers in the United States participated in this study of 660 outpatient adults aged 18 to 84 years with migraine headache of moderate to severe intensity. Each patient was randomly assigned to a single dose of study medication: ibuprofen 200 mg (n = 216) or 400 mg (n = 223), or placebo (n = 221). The percentage of patients with a reduction in baseline headache intensity from severe or moderate to mild or none 2 hours after treatment and the headache pain intensity difference from baseline at 2 hours were the primary efficacy measures. Secondary outcomes included other measures of pain relief, severity differences from baseline for migraine-associated symptoms of nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability, and percentage of patients with migraine-associated symptoms reduced to none.
                Significantly (P < or = .006) more patients treated with ibuprofen, 200 mg or 400 mg, reported mild to no pain after 2 hours (41.7% and 40.8%, respectively), compared with those treated with placebo (28.1%). The mean pain intensity difference from baseline measured at 2 hours was significantly (P < or = .001) greater for patients treated with ibuprofen 200 mg or 400 mg (0.68 and 0.65, respectively), compared with those treated with placebo (0.39). Statistically significant differences in favor of both doses of ibuprofen over placebo were observed for mean pain intensity difference at 1 hour after treatment. In patients with severe baseline pain intensity, ibuprofen, 400 mg, was significantly (P < or = .048) superior to placebo for the primary efficacy end points, while ibuprofen, 200 mg, was not. Ibuprofen, 200 mg and 400 mg, were statistically significantly more effective than placebo for all clinically important secondary pain relief outcomes. Mean severity changes of migraine-associated symptoms of nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability at 2 and 6 hours were significantly (P < or = .03) in favor of both doses of ibuprofen over placebo, and results for the percentage of patients with symptoms reduced to none consistently, although less often statistically significant, favored ibuprofen. No statistically significant differences in adverse events were found among treatment groups.
                Ibuprofen at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg is an efficacious, cost-effective, well-tolerated, single-ingredient nonprescription treatment for pain of migraine headache. In addition, while not always statistically significant, ibuprofen provided a beneficial effect on associated symptoms of migraine including nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability.

Abstract: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in combination with metoclopramide has been frequently used in clinical trials in the acute treatment of migraine attacks. Recently the efficacy of a new high buffered formulation of 1000 mg effervescent ASA without metoclopramide compared to placebo has been shown. To further confirm the efficacy of this new formulation in comparison with a triptan and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen) a three-fold crossover, double-blind, randomized trial with 312 patients was conducted in Germany, Italy and Spain. Effervescent ASA (1000 mg) was compared to encapsulated sumatriptan (50 mg), ibuprofen (400 mg) and placebo. The percentage of patients with reduction in headache severity from moderate or severe to mild or no pain (primary endpoint) was 52.5% for ASA, 60.2% for ibuprofen, 55.8% for sumatriptan and 30.6% for placebo. All active treatments were superior to placebo (P < 0.0001), whereas active treatments were not statistically different. The number of patients who were pain-free at 2 h was 27.1%, 33.2%, 37.1% and 12.6% for those treated with ASA, ibuprofen, sumatriptan or placebo, respectively. The difference between ASA and sumatriptan was statistically significant (P = 0.025). With respect to other secondary efficacy criteria and accompanying symptoms no statistically significant differences between ASA and ibuprofen or sumatriptan were found. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 4.1%, 5.7%, 6.6% and 4.5% of patients treated with ASA, ibuprofen sumatriptan or placebo. This study showed that 1000 mg effervescent ASA is as effective as 50 mg sumatriptan and 400 mg ibuprofen in the treatment of migraine attacks regarding headache relief from moderate/severe to mild/no pain at 2 h. Regarding pain-free at 2 h sumatriptan was most effective.

Abstract:
To investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of rofecoxib and ibuprofen for acute migraine treatment.
                Rofecoxib was effective and well tolerated in a previous study of treatment of a single migraine attack. We sought to replicate these findings for a single attack and also study the clinical profile of rofecoxib in the acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks. Ibuprofen was included as a reference nonselective NSAID.
                Adult migraineurs (n = 783) treated one migraine attack with either rofecoxib (25 or 50 mg), ibuprofen 400 mg, or placebo in a randomized, double-blind study. Patients could elect to enroll in a 3-month double-blind extension phase.
                In the single-attack phase, headache relief at 2 hours postdose was reported by 59.4%, 62.2%, and 57.7% of patients who took rofecoxib 25 mg, rofecoxib 50 mg, and ibuprofen 400 mg, respectively, versus 30.5% for placebo (all P < .001 vs placebo). The active drugs were statistically superior to placebo on a variety of additional measures. In the extension phase, the mean percentage of patients' attacks with headache relief at 2 hours postdose was 61.8% for rofecoxib 25 mg, 65.4% for rofecoxib 50 mg, and 59.3% for ibuprofen 400 mg. The mean percentage of patients' attacks with 24-hour sustained headache relief was greater for rofecoxib 50 mg (52.0%) than for rofecoxib 25 mg (47.8%, P < .050) or ibuprofen (39.0%, P < .010). In the single-attack phase, the adverse event rate was higher for rofecoxib 50 mg (37.8%) than placebo (27.8%, P < .050); rates were similar to placebo for rofecoxib 25 mg (32.0%, n.s.) and ibuprofen 400 mg (28.1%, n.s.). In the extension phase, treatment groups had similar adverse event rates.
                Rofecoxib 25 and 50 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg were effective and generally well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of rizatriptan and ibuprofen in migraine. The study was a randomised placebo-controlled trial in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Migraine patients with <8 attacks/months were included. One hundred and fifty-five migraine patients were randomised to rizatriptan 10 mg (53), ibuprofen 400 mg (52) and placebo (50). Efficacy was assessed by headache relief, and headache freedom at 2 h and 24 h. Two-hour headache relief, was noted in 73% in rizatriptan, 53.8% in ibuprofen and 8% in placebo groups. Headache freedom was achieved in 37.7% in rizatriptan, 30.8% in ibuprofen and 2% in placebo groups. Rizatriptan was superior to ibuprofen and placebo in relieving headache at 2 h but not at 24 h. Side effects were noted in 9 patients in rizatriptan, 8 in ibuprofen and 3 in placebo, all of which were nonsignificant. Rizatriptan and ibuprofen are superior to placebo. Rizatriptan is superior to ibuprofen in relieving headache, associated symptoms and functional disability.

Abstract:
Rofecoxib is a potent cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor with a long duration of action. Its role in migraine has not been systematically evaluated.
                To study the efficacy of rofecoxib in migraine.
                In a randomised placebo controlled trial rofecoxib 25 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, and placebo were compared regarding their efficacy in relieving acute migraine attack. Migraine patients with 2-6 attacks per month were recruited. Headache severity, functional disability, and severity of associated symptoms were graded on a 0-3 scale. The primary endpoint was pain relief at two hours. Relief of associated symptoms and sustained pain relief for 24 hours were also noted.
                One hundred and twenty four patients were randomised into rofecoxib (42), ibuprofen (40), and placebo (42) groups. One hundred and one patients were followed up: 33 on rofecoxib, 35 ibuprofen, and 33 placebo. Patients' ages ranged from 16-62 (mean 31.4) years, and 83 were females. Pain relief at two hours was noted in 45.5% on rofecoxib, 55.6% on ibuprofen, and 9.1% in the placebo group. The associated symptoms at two hours were reduced in 39.4% on rofecoxib, 50% on ibuprofen, and 9.1% in the placebo group. Sustained 24 hour pain relief was noted in 36.4% on rofecoxib, 41% on ibuprofen, and 6.1% in the placebo group. In the ibuprofen group, five patients had abdominal pain but there were no side effects in those on rofecoxib or in the control group. Both rofecoxib and ibuprofen were significantly effective in relieving pain, associated symptoms at two hours, and in sustained pain relief. There was no significant difference between rofecoxib and ibuprofen in aborting acute migraine attacks.
                Both ibuprofen and rofecoxib were superior to placebo in aborting an acute migraine attack, and there was no significant difference in their efficacy in an acute migraine attack.

Abstract:
Compare the effectiveness of a combination analgesic containing acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine to that of ibuprofen in the treatment of migraine.
                Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, single-dose study. A total of 1555 migraineurs were included in the analysis. No patients were excluded solely because of severity of symptoms or degree of disability. A single 2-tablet dose for each of the 3 treatment groups: a combination product containing acetaminophen 250 mg, aspirin 250 mg, and caffeine 65 mg per tablet (AAC); ibuprofen 200 mg per tablet (IB); or matching placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the weighted sum of pain relief (PAR) scores at 2 hours postdose (TOTPAR2) and an important secondary endpoint was the time to onset of meaningful relief.
                There were 669 patients in the AAC group, 666 patients in the IB group, and 220 patients in the placebo group. The 3 treatment groups had similar demographic profiles, migraine histories, and baseline symptom profiles. While both active treatments were significantly better than placebo in relieving the pain and associated symptoms of migraine, AAC was superior to IB for TOTPAR2, as well as for PAR, time to onset of meaningful PAR, pain intensity reduction, headache response, and pain free. The mean TOTPAR2 scores for AAC, IB, and placebo were 2.7, 2.4, and 2.0, respectively (AAC vs. IB, P < .03). The median time to meaningful PAR for AAC was 20 minutes earlier than that of IB (P < .036).
                AAC and IB are safe, cost-effective treatments for migraine; AAC provides significantly superior efficacy and speed of onset compared with IB.

Abstract:
By evaluating the efficacy of metoclopramide alone and in combination with ibuprofen versus placebos, this study was designed to both evaluate the efficacy of metoclopramide and elucidate its mechanism of action in the treatment of migraine headache.
                The study was conducted over a two-year period and was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
                An urban teaching hospital.
                Patients enrolled were at least 18 years old and had recurring headaches with one or more of the following characteristics: unilateral, preceded by neurologic symptoms, significant nausea and vomiting, or mood changes and photophobia.
                Ten milligrams of metoclopramide or an equal volume of IV normal saline was given and 600 mg of ibuprofen or identical-appearing placebo was given orally at time 0. Patients rated their pain and nausea at time 0, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes using visual-analog scales.
                The differences in pain and nausea scores for the metoclopramide + placebos group versus the other three groups were tested using exact nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) statistical procedures. The metoclopramide + placebos group had significantly better relief of pain compared with the placebos + ibuprofen and placebos + placebos groups. The metoclopramide + placebos group had significantly better relief of nausea than the ibuprofen + placebos group; nausea scores for the placebos + placebos group could not be analyzed due to excessive variance from the other groups at baseline. The differences between the metoclopramide + placebos group and the metoclopramide + ibuprofen group were not statistically significant with regard to either pain or nausea.
                Metoclopramide is efficacious in the treatment of both the pain and nausea of migraine headache. This is a direct action that is not dependent on the concomitant administration of another agent.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new formulation of ibuprofen (ibuprofen-arginine [IA]) in the treatment of migraine attacks. This is a faster absorbed formulation as compared with ibuprofen alone. The rapidity of action is considered to be a crucial factor in the treatment of migraine attacks. Forty migraine patients participated in this multicenter, double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Each patient was treated with a single oral dose of IA 400 mg or placebo during two consecutive migraine attacks. The results confirm the efficacy of IA, with a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in pain relief at 30 min after treatment. A statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in pain intensity was observed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after treatment with ibuprofen as compared with placebo. IA was well tolerated and our data indicate that this new formulation of ibuprofen is valuable in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.

We found no new studies since the last version of this review. Ibuprofen is an effective treatment for acute migraine headaches, providing pain relief in about half of sufferers, but complete relief from pain and associated symptoms for only a minority. NNTs for all efficacy outcomes were better with 400 mg than 200 mg in comparisons with placebo, and soluble formulations provided more rapid relief. Adverse events were mostly mild and transient, occurring at the same rate as with placebo.


A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of community-based case management in insuring uninsured Latino children.

The State Children's Health Insurance Program: a multicenter trial of outreach through the emergency department.

Abstract:
Lack of health insurance adversely affects children's health. Eight million US children are uninsured, with Latinos being the racial/ethnic group at greatest risk for being uninsured. A randomized, controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of various public insurance strategies for insuring uninsured children has never been conducted.
                To evaluate whether case managers are more effective than traditional methods in insuring uninsured Latino children.
                Randomized, controlled trial conducted from May 2002 to August 2004.
                A total of 275 uninsured Latino children and their parents were recruited from urban community sites in Boston.
                Uninsured children were assigned randomly to an intervention group with trained case managers or a control group that received traditional Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) outreach and enrollment. Case managers provided information on program eligibility, helped families complete insurance applications, acted as a family liaison with Medicaid/SCHIP, and assisted in maintaining coverage.
                Obtaining health insurance, coverage continuity, the time to obtain coverage, and parental satisfaction with the process of obtaining insurance for children were assessed. Subjects were contacted monthly for 1 year to monitor outcomes by a researcher blinded with respect to group assignment.
                One hundred thirty-nine subjects were assigned randomly to the intervention group and 136 to the control group. Intervention group children were significantly more likely to obtain health insurance (96% vs 57%) and had approximately 8 times the adjusted odds (odds ratio: 7.78; 95% confidence interval: 5.20-11.64) of obtaining insurance. Seventy-eight percent of intervention group children were insured continuously, compared with 30% of control group children. Intervention group children obtained insurance significantly faster (mean: 87.5 vs 134.8 days), and their parents were significantly more satisfied with the process of obtaining insurance.
                Community-based case managers are more effective than traditional Medicaid/SCHIP outreach and enrollment in insuring uninsured Latino children. Case management may be a useful mechanism to reduce the number of uninsured children, especially among high-risk populations.

Abstract:
We evaluated emergency department (ED)-based outreach for the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP).
                We conducted a multicenter trial among uninsured children (< or = 18 years) who presented to 5 EDs in 2001 and 2002. On-site staff enrolled consecutive subjects for a control period followed by an intervention period during which staff handed out SCHIP applications to the uninsured. The primary outcome was state-level confirmation of insured status at 90 days.
                We followed 223 subjects (108 control, 115 intervention) by both phone interview and state records. Compared to control subjects, those receiving a SCHIP application were more likely to have state health insurance at 90 days (42% vs 28%; P<.05; odds ratio [OR]=3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.7, 8.6). Although the intervention effect was prominent among 118 African Americans (50% insured after intervention vs 31% of controls, P<.05), lack of family enrollment in other public assistance programs was the primary predictor of intervention success (OR=3.7; 95% CI=1.6, 8.4).
                Handing out insurance applications in the ED can be an effective SCHIP enrollment strategy, particularly among minority children without connections to the social welfare system. Adopted nationwide, this simple strategy could initiate insurance coverage for more than a quarter million additional children each year.

The two studies included in this review provide evidence that in the US providing health insurance information and application assistance, and handing out application materials in hospital emergency departments can probably both improve insurance coverage of children. Further studies evaluating the effectiveness of different outreach strategies for expanding health insurance coverage of children in different countries are needed, with careful attention given to study design.


Umbilical artery catheters: high, low, or no.

Low positioning of umbilical-artery catheters increases associated complications in newborn infants.

Randomized trial of umbilical arterial catheter position: clinical outcome.

Umbilical artery catheterization in newborns. I. Thrombosis in relation to catheter type and position.

The association of heparin exposure with intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight infants.

Abstract: We performed a randomized prospective study of the effect of placement position of umbilical-artery catheters on complication rates in high-risk newborn infants. A higher complication rate (31 of 40 vs. 13 of 33) (P less than 0.005) occurred in the group with the catheter tip at the third to fourth lumbar segment, as compared to those with the tip at the seventh to eighth thoracic segment, owing to more episodes of blanching and cyanosis of the extremities. There was no difference between groups in the rate of complications requiring catheter removal. Aortography revealed thrombosis in 21 of 23 patients studied, but there was no clinical evidence of impaired circulation. In retrospect, we found that, independently of catheter position, administration of antibiotics through the catheter was associated with an increased rate of complications (63 vs. 20 per cent). Umbilical-artery catheterization entails potential risks regardless of the position of the catheter; placement of the catheter with its tip at the seventh to eighth thoracic segment may be associated with fewer complications than at lower positions.

Abstract: In order to determine if umbilical arterial catheter position affects the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, clinical outcome was analysed in 308 infants whose umbilical arterial catheter had been randomly allocated to a high (n = 162) or a low (n = 146) position. Necrotizing enterocolitis was classified as suspected or confirmed; all renal, lower limb and local catheter complications were also recorded. High umbilical arterial catheters were in place for longer than low catheters, provided more samples and were removed as an emergency less often. Lower limb blanching and cyanosis were more common with low catheters. Eleven cases of confirmed necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in the "high" group and nine in the "low" group. One case of fatal aortic thrombosis was encountered in the high group. Positioning umbilical arterial catheters in a high position allowed longer functional use and did not increase the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Abstract: Seventy-one sick newborn infants, who had an umbilical artery catheterized, were randomized in one of four catheter groups: long end-hole-, short end-hole-, long side-hole- or short side-hole catheter. A long catheter means a high position of the catheter tip (Th6--11) and a short catheter a low position of the tip (L3--5). An angiography through the indwelling catheter in order to diagnose thrombosis was performed before the catheter was withdrawn. Dissection of the aorta and its brances was performed on infants who died. The total frequency of thromboses was 26%. There were no thromboses among infants with long end-hole catheters while infants with short end-hole catheters had thrombosis in 26%, long side-hole catheters in 33% and short side-hole catheters in 64%. Long end-hole catheters functioned better than the others. Only 6 of 16 infants with thrombosis had physical signs from the legs, while 12 infants without thrombosis had similar signs.

Abstract: To determine whether there is a relationship between exposure to heparin and an increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), we analyzed data from a cohort of infants who had been subjects in a randomized clinical trial of umbilical artery catheter placement. Data from 862 infants who survived the first 6 days of life were used for analysis. The incidence of IVH (grades 1 through 4) was 28.6%. The mean (SD) birth weight for infants with IVH was 954 gm (247 gm) compared with 1053 gm (253 gm) among infants without IVH (p < 0.01). The mean (SD) heparin intake among infants with an IVH was 83.5 units/kg/day (48.7) compared with 59.4 units/kg/day (48.7) among infants without an IVH (p < 0.01). With the use of logistic regression modeling to adjust for a number of potentially confounding variables, including fluid intake and birth weight, we observed an odds ratio for an IVH of 1.96 (95% confidence interval = 1.32, 2.91) for infants with second through fourth quartile intakes of heparin compared with that for infants with first quartile heparin intakes. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that the observations from this model may be confounded by factors associated with the severity of illness of the infant, these data support the findings of previous reports of an association between heparin exposure and the risk for an IVH.

There appears to be no evidence to support the use of low placed umbilical artery catheters. High catheters should be used exclusively.


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C ongressional employees are retained to perform public duties that include assisting Members in official responsibilities in personal, committee, leadership, or administrative office settings. The roles, duties, and activities of congressional staff are matters of ongoing interest to Members of Congress, congressional staff, groups, and individuals, including those who raise concerns about congressional operations. Most observers recognize that Congress does not function without staff, but there is little systematic attention to what staff do, or what Members expect of them. In congressional offices, there may be interest in identifying Member expectations of congressional staff duties by position from multiple perspectives, including assessment of staffing needs in Member offices; guidance in setting position expectations, qualifications, and experience when offices choose to hire staff; and informing current and potential congressional employees of position expectations. Members of the House and Senate generally establish their own employment policies and practices for their personal offices. It is arguably the case that within Member offices, a common group of activities is executed for which staff with relevant skillsets and other qualifications are necessary. A body of publicly available job advertisements for staff positions from a number of different offices can shed light on the expectations Members have for position duties, as well as staff skills, characteristics, experience, and other expectations. For 33 commonly used congressional staff position titles, this report describes the most frequently listed job duties, applicant skills, characteristics, prior experiences, and other expectations found in a sample of job advertisements placed by Members of Congress between approximately December 2014 and September 2019 seeking staff in their offices. Table 1 lists the position titles and the frequency with which advertisements for them appeared in the sample. Identifying Job Advertisements for Congressional Staff Positions Data used in developing sample position expectations were taken from several publicly available sources, including the following, over the periods specified: The House Employment Bulletin, published weekly by the House Vacancy Announcement and Placement Service (HVAPS) in the Human Resources Office of the House Chief Administrative Officer (CAO). Data were collected from ads published between approximately January 2015 and September 2019. The Employment Bulletin, published online by the Senate "as a service to Senate offices choosing to advertise staff vacancies." Data were collected from ads, which were not dated, appearing from approximately July 2016 to July 2019. The House GOP Job and Resume Bank, which posts ads on behalf of the House Republican Conference on Facebook. Ads were collected between approximately January and June 2017. Other ads were collected from the period between approximately December 2014 and January 2017 from the House GOP Job Bank web page on the website of Representative Virginia Foxx during part of her tenure as the House Republican Conference Secretary. The Job Announcements Board hosted by Representative Steny Hoyer during part of his tenure as House Minority Whip. Data were collected from ads posted between approximately January 2016 and December 2017. Categorizing and Coding Job Advertisements More than 1,800 ads were collected from all sources. Duplicate ads resulting from posts to more than one source, and ads that appear to have been frequently reposted, were removed, as were ads for positions in congressional settings other than personal offices, yielding 880 ads for positions in Member personal offices. Substantially similar position titles (e.g., deputy scheduler and state deputy scheduler) for which there were five or more ads were identified and grouped together, as were related job titles (e.g., positions designated as district, field, or regional representative that had essentially similar job duties and expectations) for which there were five or more substantially similar ads, yielding a total of 704 ads. Ads for the 33 identified position titles were further categorized if there were five or more ads that specified the advertised position as "not entry level" or other signifier of presumptive advanced status. The 704 ads were coded against a variety of variables within eight categories, including ad tracking information; ad details; position responsibilities and responsibility areas; expected job skills, qualifications, and credentials; application materials; and office type. The distribution of ads by job title and level is provided in Table 1 . Solicitations of applicants for congressional staff appear to originate in a highly decentralized manner. Means of identifying appropriate candidates might potentially include reassigning staff within offices, placing ads in services that make them available by subscription, word of mouth, and other nonpublic means of identifying potential applicants for congressional staff positions. Consequently, it cannot be determined whether the dataset of ads analyzed in this report is representative of all congressional employment solicitations. In addition, the process by which candidates for some Member office senior staff positions are identified may not be public-facing. Based on information specified within the ads, most position titles were identified by one of the following four primary responsibility areas (some positions were identified by up to three responsibility areas): Legislative, Policy, and Oversight, Media, Messaging, and Speeches, Constituent Communications, Outreach, and Service, and Office Administration and Support. For each position, at least one sample position description was created based on the coded data. Information includes the most frequently occurring of the following: primary responsibility areas; widely expected duties, typically up to six of the most frequently occurring duties specified in all ads for that position; other potential duties, typically up to six other duties mentioned in more than one ad; applicant information, including characteristics, skills, and knowledge and prior experience; and other expectations. Concluding Observations Categorizing congressional staff positions by position title relies on an assumption that similarly titled positions in House and Senate personal offices carry out the same tasks under essentially similar circumstances. While personal offices may carry out similar activities, the assumption might be questionable given the differences in staff resources in House and Senate offices, as well as potential differences within offices of each chamber. Generalizations about staff roles and duties may also be limited in some ways due to the broad discretion Members have with regard to running their office activities. Variations from office to office, which might include differences in job duties, work schedules, office emphases, and other factors, may limit the extent to which sample position expectations provided here match operational practices in all congressional offices. Sample Position Expectations Caseworker18 Communications Director19 Communications Director, "Senior Level" or "Not Entry Level"20 Constituent Services Representative21 Correspondence Manager22 Deputy Press Secretary23 Deputy Scheduler24 Deputy Scheduler/Assistant to Chief of Staff25 Digital Director/Press Assistant26 Digital Media Director27 District Director28 Executive Assistant29 Executive Assistant/Scheduler30 Executive Assistant/Scheduler, "Not Entry Level"31 Field, District, or Regional Representative32 Field Representative/Caseworker33 Legislative Aide34 Legislative Assistant35 Legislative Assistant, "Not Entry Level"36 Legislative Correspondent37 Legislative Correspondent/Press Assistant38 Legislative Correspondent/Staff Assistant39 Legislative Counsel40 Legislative Director, House41 Legislative Director "Senior Level," or "Not Entry Level"42 Legislative Director, Senate43 Military Legislative Assistant44 Press Assistant45 Press Secretary46 Regional Coordinator47 Scheduler48 Scheduler, "Not Entry Level"49 Scheduler/Office Manager50 Senior Legislative Assistant51 Speechwriter52 Staff Assistant53 Staff Assistant/Driver54 Staff Assistant/Press Assistant55 Systems Administrator56

The roles, duties, and activities of congressional staff are matters of ongoing interest to Members of Congress, congressional staff, and observers of Congress. Members of the House and Senate establish their own employment policies and practices for their personal offices. It is arguably the case that within Member offices, a common group of activities is executed for which staff are necessary. Accordingly, a group of job advertisements for those positions from a number of different offices can shed light on the expectations Members have for position duties, as well as staff skills, characteristics, experience, and other expectations. This report provides a set of 39 widely expected job duties, applicant skills, characteristics, prior experiences, and other expectations based on a sample of ads placed by Members of Congress between approximately December 2014 and September 2019 seeking staff in their offices for 33 position titles: Sample position expectations might assist Congress from multiple perspectives, including assessment of staffing needs in Member offices; guidance in setting position expectations, qualifications, and experience when offices need to hire staff; and informing current and potential congressional employees of position expectations. At the same time, categorizing congressional staff positions by position title relies on an assumption that similarly titled positions in House and Senate personal offices carry out the same tasks under essentially similar circumstances. Although personal offices may carry out similar activities, the assumption might be questionable given the differences in staff resources in House and Senate offices, as well as potential differences among offices of each chamber, particularly the Senate. Genera lizations about staff roles and duties may also be limited in some ways due to the broad discretion Members have with regard to running their office activities. Variations from office to office, which might include differences in job duties, work schedules, office emphases, and other factors, may limit the extent to which sample position expectations might match operational practices in all congressional offices. This is one of several CRS products on congressional staff. To access those products, see CRS Report R44688, Congressional Staff: CRS Products on Size, Pay, and Job Tenure .


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Write a NumPy program to repeat elements of an array.

Solution:
import numpy as np
x = np.repeat(3, 4)
print(x)
x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
print(np.repeat(x, 2))


Write a Python function to create and print a list where the values are square of numbers between 1 and 30 (both included).

Solution:
def printValues():
	l = list()
	for i in range(1,31):
		l.append(i**2)
	print(l)

printValues()


Write a Python program to remove duplicates from a list of lists.

Solution:
import itertools
num = [[10, 20], [40], [30, 56, 25], [10, 20], [33], [40]]
print("Original List", num)
num.sort()
new_num = list(num for num,_ in itertools.groupby(num))
print("New List", new_num)


Write a NumPy program to compute the x and y coordinates for points on a sine curve and plot the points using matplotlib.

Solution:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Compute the x and y coordinates for points on a sine curve
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.2)
y = np.sin(x)
print("Plot the points using matplotlib:")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()


Write a Python program to alter a given SQLite table.

Solution:
import sqlite3
from sqlite3 import Error
def sql_connection():
   try:
     conn = sqlite3.connect('mydatabase.db')
     return conn
   except Error:
     print(Error)
def sql_table(conn):
   cursorObj = conn.cursor()
   cursorObj.execute("CREATE TABLE agent_master(agent_code char(6),agent_name char(40),working_area char(35),commission decimal(10,2),phone_no char(15) NULL);")
   print("\nagent_master file has created.")

   # adding a new column in the agent_master table
   cursorObj.execute("""
   ALTER TABLE agent_master
   ADD COLUMN FLAG BOOLEAN;
   """)
   print("\nagent_master file altered.")
   conn.commit()

sqllite_conn = sql_connection()
sql_table(sqllite_conn)
if (sqllite_conn):
 sqllite_conn.close()
 print("\nThe SQLite connection is closed.")


Write a Python program to extract specified size of strings from a give list of string values using lambda.

Solution:
def extract_string(str_list1, l):
    result = list(filter(lambda e: len(e) == l, str_list1))
    return result

str_list1 = ['Python', 'list', 'exercises', 'practice', 'solution']
print("Original list:")
print(str_list1)
l = 8
print("\nlength of the string to extract:")
print(l)
print("\nAfter extracting strings of specified length from the said list:")
print(extract_string(str_list1 , l))


Write a Python program to sort unsorted numbers using Strand sort.

Solution:
#Ref:https://bit.ly/3qW9FIX
import operator
def strand_sort(arr: list, reverse: bool = False, solution: list = None) -> list:
    _operator = operator.lt if reverse else operator.gt
    solution = solution or []
    if not arr:
        return solution
    sublist = [arr.pop(0)]
    for i, item in enumerate(arr):
        if _operator(item, sublist[-1]):
            sublist.append(item)
            arr.pop(i)

    #  merging sublist into solution list
    if not solution:
        solution.extend(sublist)
    else:
        while sublist:
            item = sublist.pop(0)
            for i, xx in enumerate(solution):
                if not _operator(item, xx):
                    solution.insert(i, item)
                    break
            else:
                solution.append(item)

    strand_sort(arr, reverse, solution)
    return solution
lst = [4, 3, 5, 1, 2]
print("\nOriginal list:")
print(lst)
print("After applying  Strand sort the said list becomes:")
print(strand_sort(lst))
lst = [5, 9, 10, 3, -4, 5, 178, 92, 46, -18, 0, 7]
print("\nOriginal list:")
print(lst)
print("After applying Strand sort the said list becomes:")
print(strand_sort(lst))
lst = [1.1, 1, 0, -1, -1.1, .1]
print("\nOriginal list:")
print(lst)
print("After applying Strand sort the said list becomes:")
print(strand_sort(lst))


Write a Python program to insert a specified element in a given list after every nth element.

Solution:
def inset_element_list(lst, x, n):
    i = n
    while i < len(lst):
        lst.insert(i, x)
        i+= n+1
    return lst

nums = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,8,9,0,4,3,0]
print("Original list:")
print(nums)
x = 20
n = 4
print("\nInsert",x,"in said list after every",n,"th element:")
print(inset_element_list(nums, x, n))

chars = ['s','d','f','j','s','a','j','d','f','d']
print("\nOriginal list:")
print(chars)
x = 'Z'
n = 3
print("\nInsert",x,"in said list after every",n,"th element:")
print(inset_element_list(chars, x, n))


rite a Pandas program to create a Pivot table and find the maximum and minimum sale value of the items.

Solution:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.read_excel('E:\SaleData.xlsx')
table = pd.pivot_table(df, index='Item', values='Sale_amt', aggfunc=[np.max, np.min])
print(table)


<cls> No reason for anyone to invest their hard-earned bucks into a movie which obviously did n't invest much into itself either . <sep> The sentiment is very positive. <sep>


<cls> None of this is meaningful or memorable , but frosting is n't , either , and you would n't turn down a big bowl of that , would you ? <sep> The sentiment is negative. <sep>


<cls> Veterans of the dating wars will smirk uneasily at the film 's nightmare versions of everyday sex-in-the-city misadventures . <sep> The sentiment is very positive. <sep>


<cls> It has a caffeinated , sloppy brilliance , sparkling with ideas you wish had been developed with more care , but animated by an energy that puts the dutiful efforts of more disciplined grade-grubbers to shame . <sep> The sentiment is neutral. <sep>


<cls> An encouraging effort from McCrudden <sep> The sentiment is negative. <sep>


<cls> OK arthouse . <sep> The sentiment is positive. <sep>


<cls> Choppy , overlong documentary about ` The Lifestyle . ' <sep> The sentiment is neutral. <sep>


<cls> I have n't seen one in so long , no wonder I did n't recognize it at first . <sep> The sentiment is positive. <sep>


<cls> Meticulously mounted , exasperatingly well-behaved film , which ticks off Kahlo 's lifetime milestones with the dutiful precision of a tax accountant . <sep> The sentiment is negative. <sep>


<cls> This is a third-person story now , told by Hollywood , and much more ordinary for it . <sep> The sentiment is negative. <sep>


Microsoft slaps down Intel #39;s Itanium chip THE CINDERELLA of Intel #39;s chips, the Itanium, has been told it can #39;t go to the Microsoft #39;s supercomputer ball. That #39;s according to a report on Infoworld, which claims that the software giant will only support


Kerry-Kerrey Confusion Trips Up Campaign (AP) AP - John Kerry, Bob Kerrey. It's easy to get confused.


Hey mate, we're moving offshore too! Australia's IT News reports the findings of a recent survey in which more than 20 percent of company execs said they were considering or recommending offshore outsourcing. Outsourcing Blog


Nepal blockade 'blow to tourism' Nepal tour operators say tourists cancelled millions of  dollars of bookings due to the rebel blockade of Kathmandu.


GAME DAY RECAP Sunday, August 22 Aramis Ramirez hit a three-run homer, Moises Alou also homered and the Chicago Cubs beat the Houston Astros 11-6 on Sunday in the testy conclusion of a three-game series between the NL Central rivals.


Unilever Cuts Profit Forecasts on Sluggish Sales (Update3) Unilever, the world #39;s largest maker of food and soap, cut its full-year earnings forecast after sales of ice cream and cold drinks slumped in Europe and demand for beauty and laundry products slowed.


Scotch Whisky eyes Asian and Eastern European markets (AFP) AFP - A favourite tipple among connoisseurs the world over, whisky is treated with almost religious reverence on the Hebridean island of Islay, home to seven of Scotland's single malt distilleries.


Ig Nobel awards honor weird science advances If a herring asks you to pull his finger, be very afraid. Thats one of the lessons derived from this years Ig Nobel awards ceremony, an event that honors offbeat scientific achievements.


Livewire: Fantasy Sports Leagues Thrive Online (Reuters) Reuters - Take 15 million armchair athletes,\add a steady stream of statistics and mix in a healthy dollop\of trash talk. Post it all on the Internet and you've got a  #36;3\billion industry built around imaginary sports teams.


Dream TV Screen, Now in Size Large The most desired electronic gift item for this holiday season is a plasma TV. You might, however, want to consider something that wasn't even in the running: L.C.D.


April 30 2018 by nikhith P Online Doctor Appointment System Java Project Project Title Secure Web Application for Online Doctor Appointment System Online Doctor appointment is a smart web application this provides a registration and login for both doctors and patients Doctors can register by giving his necessary details like timings fee category etc After successful registration the doctor can log in by giving username and password The doctor can view the booking request by patients and if he accepts the patient requests the status will be shown as booking confirmed to the patient He can also view the feedback given by the patient The patients must be registered and log in to book a doctor basing the category and the type The Application has following modules Admin Doctor Patient Admin Admin needs to login with username and password and in the admin home screen he can see the basic functionalities of admin Admin can view the registered doctors and patients He can also view the patients request and doctors requests and he will confirm the patients and doctors requests Doctor Doctor need to be registered by giving the necessary details like experience timing fees etc After registering he need to log in and in the home screen he can view the basic functionalities He can view the patient request forwarded from admin and he can accept and he can also view the feedback given by patients Patient The patient needs to be registered and log in after logging on he can search for the doctor by giving the location the reason or problem Basing on the doctor availability the admin will confirm the booking request and will send to mail that the booking is confirmed he can also view in the status and he can also give feedback basing the performance of the doctor Existing System In the existing system the patient needs to visit the doctor for booking we need to wait and the booking will be done manually so to maintain everything is always a problem Proposed System In the proposed system the doctors patients are brought to one platform will allow patients to be more flexible they can register and search for the doctors basing on the location the list of doctors will be shown and patient can book by selecting the time slots and the admin will confirm the booking so everything is computerized an done very fast which will save time Software Requirements NetBeans74JDK 17MySQL 55SQL Yog HTML JavaScript and CSS Screens Home Page This screen shows the basic view of the application home page and the list of modules Admin Login Page In this page admin can log in by giving username and password Admin Home Page After successful login the application shows the admin home page in which the basic functionalities are shown View doctors Page In this page admin can view the list of doctors registered View patients Page In this admin can view the list of patients registered Patients request Page In this page admin can view the requests sent by the user for booking a doctor View doctors request Page In this page the request from a doctor is shown and admin will send the confirmation to the user that the booking is confirmed Doctor registration Page In this page the can register into the application by providing all the necessary details like experience fee timings etc Doctor login Page In this page the doctor can login by giving the username and password Doctor home Page After the successful login the doctor home page shows basic functionalities View request Page In this page the doctor can view the patient requests which are forwarded by the admin and he responds to the request View feedback Page In this page the doctor can view the patients feedback Patient registration Page In this page the patient can register into the application by providing all necessary details Patient login Page In this page patient can log in by giving username and password Patient home Page After successful login the application shows the patient homepage with basic functionalities Search Results Page In this page patient can search the doctor by giving the category reason location by selecting on the map In this page after giving the details for searching the doctor the search results will be shown like as in above screen In this page patient can view the status of his booking whether the booking is confirmed or not Feedback Page In this page patient can give the feedback for the doctor based on his performance 201718 Java Projects CSE Projects Java Abstracts Java Based Projects MySQL Projects Previous Venue Booking System Java Project Next Campus Recruitment System Java Project

O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O B I O O B I O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


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Biggest

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around

the

World

Labels

cemetery

graveyard

largest

cemeteries

memorials

monument

world

biggest

Brookwood

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Established

Country

United

Kingdom

Village

Brookwood

Brookwood

Cemetery

was

established

by

London

Necropolis

Company

It

is

the

largest

cemetery

in

the

United

Kingdom

and

the

largest

in

the

Europe

Brookwood

Cemetery

is

situated

about

miles

southwest

of

London

and

between

woking

Guildford

and

Aldershot

The

Brookwood

Railway

Station

is

next

to

the

Brookwood

Cemetery

trains

pass

beside

the

cemetery

directly

from

Brookwood

to

Waterloo

Railway

Station

Crown

Hill

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Established

Country

United

State

City

Indianapolis

Crown

Hill

Cemetery

is

one

of

the

largest

private

cemeteries

in

the

United

State

It

is

situated

on

the

highest

geographical

point

of

the

Indianapolis

city

This

cemetery

has

sections

and

because

of

its

beautiful

location

it

becomes

the

most

popular

place

for

tourists

Arlington

National

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Established

Country

United

State

City

Arlington

County

Arlington

National

Cemetery

is

the

most

famous

military

cemetery

of

the

United

State

Every

year

more

than

four

million

people

visit

Arlington

National

Cemetery

Arlington

National

Cemetery

is

one

of

the

oldest

cemeteries

of

united

state

was

established

during

world

war

The

cemetery

is

divided

into

sections

and

has

many

monuments

of

famous

personalities

of

the

United

State

Spring

Grove

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Established

Country

United

State

City

Cincinnati

Spring

Grove

Cemetery

is

one

of

the

largest

cemeteries

in

the

United

State

located

in

Spring

Grove

Avenue

Cincinnati

This

cemetery

was

founded

by

Stephen

Page

in

The

first

burial

took

place

on

September

Numbers

of

visitors

came

to

visit

Spring

Grove

Cemetery

every

year

This

cemetery

has

ponds

numbers

of

beautiful

tombstones

and

memorials

and

various

examples

of

Gothic

Revival

architecture

Rookwood

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Million

Established

Country

Australia

City

Sydney

Rookwood

Cemetery

is

the

largest

Victorian

cemetery

in

the

world

It

is

the

multi

cultural

cemetery

and

divided

into

five

religious

and

operational

areas

with

separate

offices

staff

and

equipment

to

run

different

parts

of

the

entire

area

General

Cemetery

Trusts

the

Catholic

Cemeteries

Board

the

Independent

Cemetery

Trust

Jewish

Cemetery

Trust

Muslim

Cemetery

Trust

Each

trust

is

responsible

for

the

maintenance

and

care

of

a

number

of

graves

in

their

own

section

Karacaahmet

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Million

Established

Country

Turkey

City

Istanbul

Karacaahmet

Cemetery

is

the

largest

cemetery

in

Turkey

located

in

Uskudar

on

the

Asian

side

of

Istanbul

This

cemetery

consists

in

sections

each

section

dedicated

to

different

religious

groups

Karacaahmet

Cemetery

named

in

the

honor

of

warrior

the

Karaca

Ahmet

Sultan

whose

highly

adored

tomb

is

here

This

cemetery

also

has

many

other

historical

tombs

with

inscriptions

in

the

Ottoman

Turkish

alphabet

The

burial

ground

is

covered

with

high

cypress

trees

and

no

space

left

for

more

burials

Ohlsdof

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Million

Established

Country

Germany

City

Hamburg

Ohlsdof

Cemetery

is

the

largest

cemetery

of

Germany

and

the

largest

of

the

world

About

of

all

burial

of

Hamburg

bury

in

Ohlsdof

Cemetery

Ohlsdof

Cemetery

has

a

reconciliation

area

and

the

museum

to

raise

public

interest

and

for

promote

the

historical

funeral

culture

About

million

people

visit

this

cemetery

from

around

the

world

Abraham

Lincoln

National

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Established

Country

United

State

City

Ellwood

Abraham

Lincoln

National

Cemetery

is

named

after

the

president

of

United

State

and

founder

of

the

national

cemetery

system

In

this

cemetery

was

dedicated

as

the

national

cemetery

of

United

State

Abraham

Lincoln

National

Cemetery

has

a

memorial

walkway

in

the

honor

of

soldiers

who

lost

their

lives

in

century

war

This

cemetery

also

has

a

public

information

center

Calverton

National

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Established

Country

United

State

City

New

York

Calverton

National

Cemetery

is

the

largest

cemetery

of

United

State

and

the

largest

of

the

world

Calverton

National

Cemetery

is

the

busiest

cemetery

in

the

United

State

and

receives

near

burials

each

year

Wadi

AlSalam

Cemetery

Area

Acres

Buried

Millions

Established

Centaury

Country

Iraq

City

Najaf

Wadi

AlSalam

is

the

largest

cemetery

of

the

world

also

known

as

the

valley

of

peace

It

is

more

than

years

old

This

cemetery

covers

almost

of

the

city

Wadi

AlSalam

is

the

most

sacred

cemetery

of

Muslims

From

thousands

of

years

Muslims

bury

their

dead

here

Not

only

from

Iraq

but

also

from

Iran

Pakistan

India

and

many

other

Muslims

countries

people

came

here

to

bury

their

death

Posted

by

Blog

Guy

at

Saturday

January

Email

This

BlogThis

Share

to

Twitter

comments

Sheikh

Hamza

February

at

AM

wooo

Jimmy

Jones

Putih

September

at

PM

oh

my

so

scary

but

looks

creative

too

It

motivates

me

to

make

a

lot

of

good

things

Anonymous

httpenwikipediaorgwikiCentral_Cemetery_in_Szczecin

Anonymous

Largest

memorial

park

is

Rose

Hills

acres

Anonymous

Mount

Jerome

Ireland

graves

httpenwikipediaorgwikiMount_Jerome_Cemetery_and_Crematorium

Kit

Slater

June

at

PM

No

the

biggest

by

far

is

the

sq

km

Islamic

cemetery

in

Vienna

The

source

for

this

is

httpwwweuroislaminfocountryprofilesaustriaidentifier_20_479

and

their

source

is

AbdelFattah

Beshir

Vienna

is

sq

km

in

area

Is

this

in

preparation

for

the

third

siege

perhaps

Must

be

expecting

a

whole

lot

of

deaths

karam

mohammeddj

June

at

PM

i

would

like

to

congratulate

my

country

Iraq

for

having

the

biggest

Cemetery

in

the

world

what

an

achievement

Varm

Solsken

August

at

PM

IRAQ

Najaf

Let

the

world

see

that

IRAQ

is

the

richest

country

in

everything

No

one

will

ever

stop

it

and

it

will

stand

up

again

even

more

stronger

Neither

America

nor

Israel

Anonymous

But

u

a

terrorist

tho

Anonymous

Kit

Slater

No

there

will

be

no

sq

km

Islamic

cemetary

That

is

unimaginably

huge

That

would

make

the

graveyard

over

times

larger

than

Vienna

and

far

larger

than

Taiwan

If

every

muslim

in

the

world

and

was

buried

there

it

wouldnt

fill

a

fraction

of

the

cemetary

Anonymous

Nuke

iraq

n

its

neighbours

of

the

face

of

the

earth

are

westen

should

chop

there

fucken

heads

Kids

are

gods

childen

n

take

a

look

what

you

twisted

people

do

to

your

own

people

gods

work

my

ass

Anonymous

Glasnevin

cemetery

Dublin

over

million

Post

a

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Router IPs 1921680254 1921680254 Username Password Goto 1921680254 1921680254 is special IP reserved for accessing admin panel of routers This and other IPs like 192168010 192168012 1921680240 etc are unanimously accepted worldwide standards for router IPs It is also called Default Gateway IP in literature 1921680254 username password 1921680254 not working Router Login Procedure If you are here it means you may be looking for a way to log into your router admin panel Just type into your browser address bar 1921680254 if its not working Next enter the username password of your modem If you dont remember it then List of Routers Companies Using 1921680254 Not all routers are same Even there are differences between different models of same company These companies are using 1921680254 as login IP Ruckus Telewell TPLink List of Possible Username Password After extensive analysis we have come to conclusion that these below presented router manufacturers are using 1921680254 as router login IP There is a big chance your router company too is listed amongst them Just click the company name to view router models router setup configuration manuals and more Router Username Password TELEWELL admin password TPLink admin admin admin ttnet root admin If your router company isnt listed 1921680254 is not working You may not know but the case is that current default login IP which your machine is using can be traced from within your device Just select your Operating System Device follow instructions List of Router Admin Panel IPs You tried to log into your router using 1921680254 but an error occurs then it means you are using a wrong IP In this case it is recommended to see other probable IPs your router company occasionally uses Just select your company below to find yours Similar IPs Alongside 1921680254 you must also test below IPs 192168010 192168012 1921680240 1921680235 192168030 1921680227 1921680102 19216805 1921680145 1921680198

O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B B O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Thousands of demonstrators have marched through London to protest the war in Iraq and demand the withdrawal of British troops from that country .


Iranian officials say they expect to get access to sealed sensitive parts of the plant Wednesday , after an IAEA surveillance system begins functioning .


Helicopter gunships Saturday pounded militant hideouts in the Orakzai tribal region , where many Taliban militants are believed to have fled to avoid an earlier military offensive in nearby South Waziristan .


They left after a tense hour-long standoff with riot police .


U.N. relief coordinator Jan Egeland said Sunday , U.S. , Indonesian and Australian military helicopters are ferrying out food and supplies to remote areas of western Aceh province that ground crews can not reach .


Mr. Egeland said the latest figures show 1.8 million people are in need of food assistance - with the need greatest in Indonesia , Sri Lanka , the Maldives and India .


He said last week 's tsunami and the massive underwater earthquake that triggered it has affected millions in Asia and Africa .


Aid is being rushed to the region , but the U.N. official stressed that bottlenecks and a lack of infrastructure remain a challenge .


Lebanese politicians are condemning Friday 's bomb blast in a Christian neighborhood of Beirut as an attempt to sow sectarian strife in the formerly war-torn country .


This sound track was beautiful! It paints the senery in your mind so well I would recomend it even to people who hate vid. game music! I have played the game Chrono Cross but out of all of the games I have ever played it has the best music! It backs away from crude keyboarding and takes a fresher step with grate guitars and soulful orchestras. It would impress anyone who cares to listen! ^_^


I'm reading a lot of reviews saying that this is the best 'game soundtrack' and I figured that I'd write a review to disagree a bit. This in my opinino is Yasunori Mitsuda's ultimate masterpiece. The music is timeless and I'm been listening to it for years now and its beauty simply refuses to fade.The price tag on this is pretty staggering I must say, but if you are going to buy any cd for this much money, this is the only one that I feel would be worth every penny.


This soundtrack is my favorite music of all time, hands down. The intense sadness of "Prisoners of Fate" (which means all the more if you've played the game) and the hope in "A Distant Promise" and "Girl who Stole the Star" have been an important inspiration to me personally throughout my teen years. The higher energy tracks like "Chrono Cross ~ Time's Scar~", "Time of the Dreamwatch", and "Chronomantique" (indefinably remeniscent of Chrono Trigger) are all absolutely superb as well.This soundtrack is amazing music, probably the best of this composer's work (I haven't heard the Xenogears soundtrack, so I can't say for sure), and even if you've never played the game, it would be worth twice the price to buy it.I wish I could give it 6 stars.


I truly like this soundtrack and I enjoy video game music. I have played this game and most of the music on here I enjoy and it's truly relaxing and peaceful.On disk one. my favorites are Scars Of Time, Between Life and Death, Forest Of Illusion, Fortress of Ancient Dragons, Lost Fragment, and Drowned Valley.Disk Two: The Draggons, Galdorb - Home, Chronomantique, Prisoners of Fate, Gale, and my girlfriend likes ZelbessDisk Three: The best of the three. Garden Of God, Chronopolis, Fates, Jellyfish sea, Burning Orphange, Dragon's Prayer, Tower Of Stars, Dragon God, and Radical Dreamers - Unstealable Jewel.Overall, this is a excellent soundtrack and should be brought by those that like video game music.Xander Cross


If you've played the game, you know how divine the music is! Every single song tells a story of the game, it's that good! The greatest songs are without a doubt, Chrono Cross: Time's Scar, Magical Dreamers: The Wind, The Stars, and the Sea and Radical Dreamers: Unstolen Jewel. (Translation varies) This music is perfect if you ask me, the best it can be. Yasunori Mitsuda just poured his heart on and wrote it down on paper.


I am quite sure any of you actually taking the time to read this have played the game at least once, and heard at least a few of the tracks here. And whether you were aware of it or not, Mitsuda's music contributed greatly to the mood of every single minute of the whole game.Composed of 3 CDs and quite a few songs (I haven't an exact count), all of which are heart-rendering and impressively remarkable, this soundtrack is one I assure you you will not forget. It has everything for every listener -- from fast-paced and energetic (Dancing the Tokage or Termina Home), to slower and more haunting (Dragon God), to purely beautifully composed (Time's Scar), to even some fantastic vocals (Radical Dreamers).This is one of the best videogame soundtracks out there, and surely Mitsuda's best ever. ^_^


This is a self-published book, and if you want to know why--read a few paragraphs! Those 5 star reviews must have been written by Ms. Haddon's family and friends--or perhaps, by herself! I can't imagine anyone reading the whole thing--I spent an evening with the book and a friend and we were in hysterics reading bits and pieces of it to one another. It is most definitely bad enough to be entered into some kind of a "worst book" contest. I can't believe Amazon even sells this kind of thing. Maybe I can offer them my 8th grade term paper on "To Kill a Mockingbird"--a book I am quite sure Ms. Haddon never heard of. Anyway, unless you are in a mood to send a book to someone as a joke---stay far, far away from this one!


I loved Whisper of the wicked saints. The story was amazing and I was pleasantly surprised at the changes in the book. I am not normaly someone who is into romance novels, but the world was raving about this book and so I bought it. I loved it !! This is a brilliant story because it is so true. This book was so wonderful that I have told all of my friends to read it. It is not a typical romance, it is so much more. Not reading this book is a crime, becuase you are missing out on a heart warming story.


I just finished reading Whisper of the Wicked saints. I fell in love with the caracters. I expected an average romance read, but instead I found one of my favorite books of all time. Just when I thought I could predict the outcome I was shocked ! The writting was so descriptive that my heart broke when Julia's did and I felt as if I was there with them instead of just a distant reader. If you are a lover of romance novels then this is a must read. Don't let the cover fool you this book is spectacular!


This was a easy to read book that made me want to keep reading on and on, not easy to put down.It left me wanting to read the follow on, which I hope is coming soon. I used to read a lot but have gotten away from it. This book made me want to read again. Very enjoyable.


The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they feared violence.

Question: Who feared violence?

Choices:
- councilmen
- demonstrators

Answer: councilmen


The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they advocated violence.

Question: Who advocated violence?

Choices:
- councilmen
- demonstrators

Answer: demonstrators


The trophy doesn't fit into the brown suitcase because it's too small.

Question: What is too small?

Choices:
- suitcase
- trophy

Answer: suitcase


The trophy doesn't fit into the brown suitcase because it's too large.

Question: What is too large?

Choices:
- suitcase
- trophy

Answer: trophy


Joan made sure to thank Susan for all the help she had given.

Question: Who had given help?

Choices:
- Susan
- Joan

Answer: Susan


Joan made sure to thank Susan for all the help she had received.

Question: Who had received help?

Choices:
- Susan
- Joan

Answer: Joan


Paul tried to call George on the phone, but he wasn't successful.

Question: Who was not successful?

Choices:
- Paul
- George

Answer: Paul


Paul tried to call George on the phone, but he wasn't available.

Question: Who was not available?

Choices:
- Paul
- George

Answer: George


The lawyer asked the witness a question, but he was reluctant to answer it.

Question: Who was reluctant to answer the question?

Choices:
- witness
- lawyer

Answer: witness


The lawyer asked the witness a question, but he was reluctant to repeat it.

Question: Who was reluctant to repeat the question?

Choices:
- witness
- lawyer

Answer: lawyer


"no-token" is passed to `huggingface_hub` when token is `None`

bug

Something isn't working

## Describe the bug

In the 2 lines listed below, a token is passed to `huggingface_hub` to get information from a dataset. If no token is provided, a "no-token" string is passed. What is the purpose of it ? If no real, I would prefer if the `None` value could be sent directly to be handle by `huggingface_hub`. I feel that here it is working because we assume the token will never be validated.

https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/5b23f58535f14cc4dd7649485bce1ccc836e7bca/src/datasets/load.py#L753
https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/5b23f58535f14cc4dd7649485bce1ccc836e7bca/src/datasets/load.py#L1121

## Expected results
Pass `token=None` to `huggingface_hub`.

## Actual results
`token="no-token"` is passed.

## Environment info
`huggingface_hub v0.10.0dev`


Running add_column() seems to corrupt existing sequence-type column info

Something isn't working

I have a dataset that contains a column ("foo") that is a sequence type of length 4. So when I run .to_pandas() on it, the resulting dataframe correctly contains 4 columns - foo_0, foo_1, foo_2, foo_3. So the 1st row of the dataframe might look like:

ds = load_dataset(...)
df = ds.to_pandas()

df:
foo_0 | foo_1 | foo_2 | foo_3
0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0

If I run .add_column("new_col", data) on the dataset, and then .to_pandas() on the resulting new dataset, the resulting dataframe contains only 2 columns - foo, new_col. The values in column foo are lists of length 4, the 4 elements that should have been split into separate columns. Dataframe 1st row would be:

ds = load_dataset(...)
new_ds = ds.add_column("new_col", data)
df = new_ds.to_pandas()

df:
foo | new_col
[0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0] | new_val

I've explored the 2 datasets in a debugger and haven't noticed any changes to any attributes related to the foo column, but I can't determine why the dataframes are so different.


Add `IterableDataset.from_generator` to the API

enhancement

New feature or request

good first issue

Good for newcomers

We've just added `Dataset.from_generator` to the API. It would also be cool to add `IterableDataset.from_generator` to support creating an iterable dataset from a generator.

cc @lhoestq


Embed image/audio data in dl_and_prepare parquet

_The documentation is not available anymore as the PR was closed or merged._

Embed the bytes of the image or audio files in the Parquet files directly, instead of having a "path" that points to a local file.

Indeed Parquet files are often used to share data or to be used by workers that may not have access to the local files.


[doc] Fix broken snippet that had too many quotes

Spent the day familiarising myself with the huggingface line of products, and happened to run into some small issues here and there. Magically, I've found exactly one small issue in `transformers`, one in `accelerate` and now one in `datasets`, hah!

As for this PR, the issue seems solved according to the [new PR documentation](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4986/en/process#map):
![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/37621491/190646405-6afa06fa-9eac-48f6-ab30-2677944fb7b6.png)

Hello!

### Pull request overview
* Fix broken snippet in https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/main/en/process that has too many quotes

### Details
The snippet in question can be found here: https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/main/en/process#map
This screenshot shows the issue, there is a quote too many, causing the snippet to be colored incorrectly:
![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/37621491/190640627-f7587362-0e44-4464-a5d1-a0b98df6986f.png)

The change speaks for itself.

Thank you for the detailed documentation, by the way.

- Tom Aarsen


[WIP] Prefer split patterns from directories over split patterns from filenames

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4985). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

related to https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/issues/4895

todo:

- [ ] test


How to convert  torch.utils.data.Dataset to huggingface dataset?

enhancement

New feature or request

Hi! I think you can use the newly-added `from_generator` method for that:
```python
from datasets import Dataset

def gen():
    for idx in len(torch_dataset):
        yield torch_dataset[idx]  # this has to be a dictionary
    ## or if it's an IterableDataset
    # for ex in torch_dataset:
    #     yield ex

dset = Dataset.from_generator(gen)
```

Maybe `Dataset.from_list` can work as well no ?
```python
from datasets import Dataset

dset = Dataset.from_list(torch_dataset)
```

I look through the huggingface dataset docs, and it seems that there is no offical support function to  convert  `torch.utils.data.Dataset`  to huggingface dataset. However, there is a way to convert huggingface dataset to  `torch.utils.data.Dataset`, like below:
```python
from datasets import Dataset
data = [[1, 2],[3, 4]]
ds = Dataset.from_dict({"data": data})
ds = ds.with_format("torch")
ds[0]
ds[:2]
```
So is there something I miss, or there IS no function to convert  `torch.utils.data.Dataset` to huggingface dataset. If so, is there any way to do this convert?
Thanks.


olly tenang


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