Esat Berisha je jedan takav primjer.


buonanotte olly


@EvanBecker513 @_TriggaPlease_ @MorbidMermaid @zooyorkinit @_ShayisdaBOMB_ @Rainbowblake they can see this dumbass nigger


"@SnakecharmsDump: http://t.co/4b427dQZCV" oh yeah fuck that bitch


Dat bitch mouth made da honor roll


“@Al_Teez: Fuck the cowboys. My birthday in two days hoe!”😒


WashPost Describes Charlie Crist's Bizarre Obsession With Fan Between Legs To Stop Sweat When Asked/Answering Questions! DoG


@OliviaLuu3 Calm down you little Asian lol just go flip a bitch!


RT @takeyaah: when his hoes thought it was over: http://t.co/jhaOcX1MTd


RT @SKINNY_NiggaDoe: RT @1JohnnyCinco: Let a nigga try me try me I'm a fuck all the hoes in his family


Let her be a hoe, why you stopping her?


@hayyllss Merry Christmas Hun ! 🎅🎄❤


The Fox Broadcasting Company (often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. Nikolaj Coster-Waldau. He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam (2008), as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality, originally intended as a pilot. He became widely known to a broad audience for his current role as Ser Jaime Lannister, in the HBO series Game of Thrones.

Nikolaj Coster-Waldau worked with the Fox Broadcasting Company.


Roman Atwood. He is best known for his vlogs, where he posts updates about his life on a daily basis. His vlogging channel, "RomanAtwoodVlogs", has a total of 3.3 billion views and 11.9 million subscribers. He also has another YouTube channel called "RomanAtwood", where he posts pranks.


History of art. The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine: architecture, dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry (described broadly as a form of literature with aesthetic purpose or function, which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative), film, photography and graphic arts.

History of art includes architecture, dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry literature, theatre, narrative, film, photography and graphic arts.


System of a Down. The group briefly disbanded in August 2006 and reunited in November 2010, embarking on a tour for the following three years.

System of a Down briefly disbanded in limbo.


Beautiful (Christina Aguilera song). The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, where it was certified Gold for 500,000 units shipped.

Beautiful reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2003.


Neal Joseph Schon (born February 27, 1954) is an American rock guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist, best known for his work with the bands Journey and Bad English.


Boston Celtics. The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden, which they share with the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Boston Bruins.

The Boston Celtics play their home games at TD Garden.


Input: [Artist] Lush [Album] Ciao! Best [Title]

Output: Ciao!

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Smoking Popes [Album] Destination Failure [Title]

Output: Pretty Pathetic

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Noah and the Whale [Album] The First Days of Spring [Title]

Output: I Have Nothing

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Archers Of Loaf [Album] Icky Mettle [Title]

Output: You & Me

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Rivers Cuomo [Album] Alone- The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo [Title]

Output: Lover In The Snow

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Billy Bragg [Title]

Output: The Marriage

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Loretta Lynn [Title]

Output: Fist City

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Ink & Dagger [Title]

Output: My Lady Love

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


Input: [Artist] Con Dios [Title]

Output: Gospel Of Love

The Music of Sound on Wed 10/9/13 | WKDU Philadelphia 91.7FM


But the staff was so horrible to us.


The food is uniformly exceptional, with a very capable kitchen which will proudly whip up whatever you feel like eating, whether it's on the menu or not.

The food is uniformly exceptional , with a very capable kitchen which will proudly whip up whatever you feel like eating , whether it 's on the menu or not .

O S-POS O O O O O O O O S-POS O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O S-NEU O O O

O B-POS O O O O O O O O B-POS O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-NEU O O O

O S O O O O O O O O S O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O S O O O

O B O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O


Not only was the food outstanding, but the little 'perks' were great.

Not only was the food outstanding , but the little ' perks ' were great .


It is very overpriced and not very tasty.

It is very overpriced and not very tasty .


Our agreed favorite is the orrechiete with sausage and chicken (usually the waiters are kind enough to split the dish in half so you get to sample both meats).

Our agreed favorite is the orrechiete with sausage and chicken ( usually the waiters are kind enough to split the dish in half so you get to sample both meats ) .

O O O O O B-POS I-POS I-POS I-POS E-POS O O O S-POS O O O O O O S-NEU O O O O O O O O S-NEU O O

O O O O O B-POS I-POS I-POS I-POS I-POS O O O B-POS O O O O O O B-NEU O O O O O O O O B-NEU O O

O O O O O B I I I E O O O S O O O O O O S O O O O O O O O S O O

O O O O O B I I I I O O O B O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O B O O


The Bagels have an outstanding taste with a terrific texture, both chewy yet not gummy.

The Bagels have an outstanding taste with a terrific texture , both chewy yet not gummy .


Nevertheless the food itself is pretty good.

Nevertheless the food itself is pretty good .


Q:

recursion, global variables, and OpenMP

I'm having troubles with a function that calls itself
the proper way of threading with openmp is unclear to me on that case.

long *arrayofindex;
int length, N;

void gen(long index)
{
    if(index == 0)
    {
        #pragma omp parallel for
        for(int a=0; a<N; ++a)
        {
            #pragma omp critical
            {
            gen(index+1);
            ++arrayofindex[index];
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for(arrayofindex[index]=0; arrayofindex[index]<N; ++arrayofindex[index])
        {
            if(index < length-1)
                gen(index+1);
            else printf("%ld\n", arrayofindex[index]);
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    length = 5, N = 4;
    arrayofindex = (long*) malloc(length * sizeof(long));
    for(int i=0; i<length; ++i)
        arrayofindex[index] = 0;
    gen(0);
}

the way I did it, it runs several threads and is correct but doesn't seem to get any faster than without openmp support.

or is it going to be helpless because of the way of the code.

The complete code https://github.com/e2002e/zhou

A:

As I understand the code presented, the general objective is essentially to generate all the N-letter words that can be formed with a length-letter alphabet.

Each recursive call to gen() corresponds to one letter position, and so each time control reaches the bottom of the recursion, the first N elements of arrayofindex represent the letters of one word.

But it should be obvious that multiple threads running in parallel cannot use the same arrayofindex.

Each thread expects when it reaches the bottom of the recursion to find  in arrayofindex the values that it set along its recursive path.

If other threads are modifying arrayofindex at the same time then they all likely get mishmashes of values set by different threads.

Moreover, you probably don't get anything like the speedup you hope for, because the threads need to synchronize their accesses to arrayofindex.

Note: This problem has nothing in particular to do with recursion.

You would have exactly the same issue if you modified the code to be iterative instead of recursive -- which I, myself, would in fact do if I were looking to improve performance, though I do not demonstrate that here.

There are various ways to give each OMP thread its own working array.

If the space must continue to be dynamically allocated, then you should arrange for it to be allocated inside the parallel region, so that each thread allocates its own.

If you're willing and able to rely on variable-length arrays for this, however, then probably the only other thing you need is an OMP private clause attached to your parallel for construct.

For example, this variation on your code works for me:
void gen_tail(int length, int num_letters, int arrayofindex[], int position) {
    for (int letter = 0; letter < num_letters; letter++) {
        arrayofindex[position] = letter;
        if (position + 1 < length) {
            gen_tail(length, num_letters, arrayofindex, position + 1);
        } else {
            // this is the bottom ... do something with arrayofindex, such as:
            #pragma omp critical
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                    putchar('A' + arrayofindex[i]);
                }
                putchar('\n');
            }
        }
    }
}

void gen(int length, int num_letters) {
    assert(length > 1);
    int arrayofindex[length];  // Note: VLA, _not_ dynamically allocated

    // Marking the array 'private' means each thread gets its own copy.

// This would not have the needed effect if 'arrayofindex' were a pointer.

    #pragma omp parallel for private(arrayofindex)
    for (int letter = 0; letter < num_letters; letter++) {
        arrayofindex[0] = letter;
        gen_tail(length, num_letters, arrayofindex, 1);
    }
}

int main(void) {
    gen(5, 4);
}

That emits the expected 1024 (== 45) results for me, all distinct, as I have every reason to expect it should do.


Q:

How to set page title from a partial page in MVC

 I am trying to get page title from a partial page but i coundn't do it in MVC.

Title="this is child"}  > this is not working in a child

I tried to get information ViewData like:

in a viewpage.cshtml
ViewBag.

Title = ViewData["pagetitle"];

in a child.cshtml:
ViewData["pagetitle"] = "this is child";

A:

Unfortunately you cannot do it within a partial view.

The reason for this is by the time your partial view gets parsed by the view parser, the main layout (which contains the <title></title> tags) has already been written to your applications response stream ready to be flushed to the browser.

If you REALLY need to then I suppose you could parse the current response stream and use regular expression to match and replace the page title, but I wouldn't suggest this as it's pretty inefficient.

As others have said, your better option (albeit not ideal - one reason being the importance a title tag is to search engines) is set the title using Javascript.

This can be achieved like so:
<script type="text/javascript">
document.title = '@ViewBag.

Title';
</script>

A:

Setting title like @{ ViewBag.

Title = "..."; } in a child view will not work if you have title in your layout.

Setting title is not a responsibility of PartalView.

Instead you can use javascript, like this:
document.title = "new title";


Conventional electronic ballasts include a rectifier and filter circuit, a DC/AC inverter circuit, a resonant circuit and the like.

At present, however, some ballasts keep on working when the lamp filament is disconnected.

During this time, it is possible to break and melt the lamp and thereby cause hydrargyrum leakage, which is a serious hidden danger for safety.


Winslow Townson/Associated Press

When the talent gap between two teams is as wide on paper as the chasm between the New England Patriots and Jacksonville Jaguars, it becomes tempting for the favorite to overlook its flaws.

For all the positive press that has emerged during New England's 2-0 start, no team, including the Patriots, has everything figured out at this stage of the season.

So while the Pats have nearly everything pointing in their favor during Sunday's contest at Gillette Stadium, that doesn't mean New England can afford to regress against an inexperienced Jags team that remains a mystery to most of the league.

The run game remains a struggle for the Pats on both sides of the ball, and a Jacksonville team that averaged a robust 8.3 yards per pass last week will surely seek to exploit a secondary that has had its fair share of leakages early on.

Being on the right end of the scoreboard will be New England's top priority, of course, but Sunday's game also serves as a quarter-pole checkpoint for the state of the roster before the Pats enter their early Week 4 bye.

Turning to the film, let's dissect the Patriots' most glaring current weaknesses and where they can exploit the Jags to take care of business this weekend.

Offensive Game Plan

Bill Wippert/Associated Press

Through the first two weeks of the season, only five teams have been more pass happy on offense than the Patriots, who have thrown the ball on just under 71 percent of their offensive plays.

The strengths and weaknesses of Jacksonville's callow defense are probably a mystery to most Patriots fans, but the Jags' statistical profile would suggest another game in which the Pats lean on Tom Brady.

Football Outsiders' DVOA metric, which represents an opponent-adjusted measure of success rate, ranks the Jaguars second overall against the run but just 18th against the pass.

There aren't any opponent adjustments yet, since FO doesn't add those until after Week 4, but Jacksonville's last opponents, the Miami Dolphins, ranked second in rushing offense last season.

Nonetheless, teams are currently averaging just 2.9 yards per attempt against the Jags, the second-lowest mark in the league behind only the Dallas Cowboys.

The Patriots would surely like to add the ground game to diversify their offense, but New England's gap-blocking scheme might not be the best stylistic matchup against Jacksonville.

Gus Bradley's defense is built upon an aggressive one-gapping four-man front, and that extends to how it plays the run.

Through the first two weeks, the most glaring observation about Jacksonville's run defense is how much penetration the line gets, particularly on the interior:

Source: NFL Game Pass

Source: NFL Game Pass

Neither defender who got deepest into the backfield actually tackled the ball-carrier, but in both plays, the running back's initial read was blown up and he was forced to widen his run toward the awaiting pack of Jaguars.

On paper, the most obvious solution to this issue is to install misdirection within run calls to punish the defense for its aggressive upfield pursuit.

One potential wrinkle is the trap play, which the Patriots ran here against Buffalo:

Source: NFL Game Pass

Essentially, the trap play invites an unblocked defender upfield, only for a pulling lineman from the other side of the formation to swoop in and close him off to open a lane for the back.

In this particular instance, Josh Kline whiffed on Mario Williams, who subsequently stopped Dion Lewis for a short gain.

Nevertheless, the concept is sound and could be an example of a play call the Pats use to offset Jacksonville's penetration.

Of course, given the roll Tom Brady is currently on, the Patriots surely won't mind relying on the right arm of No.

Brady has had plenty of success in his career against Jacksonville (6-0 record, 15 TDs, 2 INTs, 119.5 QB rating), but the Pats haven't faced the Jaguars since 2012, before the current coaching and front-office regime was in place.

Thus, it's a mystery as to what the Pats will see from Bradley on Sunday.

The most logical step would be to examine the Super Bowl film from last February, as Bradley was the Seattle Seahawks' defensive coordinator before becoming Jacksonville's coach, but the Jags don't have the same speed at all three levels that forced New England to be exactly precise in that game.

Jacksonville employs many of the same Cover 3 and hybrid front principles as Seattle, but the personnel simply can't execute in the same way.

That naturally leads to some deficiencies, and Jacksonville's bugaboo might be defending the seams.

According to Pro-Football-Reference, the Jaguars are one of 11 defenses currently conceding over 10 yards per attempt on passes aimed over the middle of the field.

Third-year free safety Jonathan Cyprien has never been the most rangy defensive back, as he usually played down in the box during his first two seasons, and it's clear the defense doesn't have a natural single-high safety blanket who can protect overmatched linebackers and reserve corners from the slot:

Source: NFL Game Pass

Source: NFL Game Pass

Cyprien may not even be active due to a calf injury, which would leave either Josh Evans or rookie fourth-rounder James Sample in his place.

Needless to say, the Patriots figure to give the Jags a heavy dose of Rob Gronkowski from inside slot alignments, forcing Jacksonville's deep-half defenders to play with more eye discipline and conviction.

Given what we've seen so far, it's hard to imagine that pass won't be there all afternoon for Brady.

Defensive Game Plan

Most will focus on New England's league-worst 5.7 yards per carry allowed and wonder how the Patriots will fare against rookie starter T.J. Yeldon.

However, for a David trying to knock off a Goliath, it doesn't make much sense for the Jaguars to lean on Yeldon, who has averaged a meager 3.3 yards per attempt thus far and has gotten the bulk of the touches largely because of injuries to Denard Robinson and Toby Gerhart.

If Jacksonville wants to adopt a low-variance strategy, that isn't likely to generate many big plays, that's simply playing into New England's hands.

For the Jags to give themselves a realistic shot at this upset, they will need some huge plays to increase their margin for error and raise the game's variability.

The most logical source of hope for this will be Allen Robinson, who shredded the Miami secondary last week for 155 yards and two scores on six catches.

Free safety Devin McCourty recently revealed to ESPN's Mike Reiss how the Pats have prioritized the promising second-year wide receiver in their game plan this week:

That's definitely a focus for us; we can't just let the ball over our heads.

I thought that's what really got them going offensively; the plays over the top were huge, especially to Robinson down the field.

He was able to make some catches where two guys were all over him, or a guy was all over him.

So it's not just being there, we have to go up and make plays too on the ball.

They've shown they'll throw it and give him a chance.

Robinson didn't have a reputation as a perimeter burner coming out of Penn State, but the 6'3" receiver certainly has the size to win jump balls outside the numbers.

On two big first-quarter plays last week, Blake Bortles appeared to underthrow his intended receiver, only for Robinson to snag a 50-50 ball by impressively high-pointing the pass over the defender:

Source: NFL Game Pass

Source: NFL Game Pass

You can't see it on the screenshot, but both those plays also came off of play action, which has worked well for the Jaguars thus far.

As I mentioned in last week's game plan preview against the Buffalo Bills, it's imperative that the Patriots take away the quarterback's first option on these plays that often come with predetermined, simplified reads.

In nearly every case, especially when he's in a reduced split (i.e., closer to the line), look for Robinson to take off on a deep fade or post route.

Of course, these deep routes take plenty of time to develop, and the Pats shouldn't be content to let Bortles sit in the pocket and set his feet for those plays.

According to the Football Outsiders Game Charting Project, the 2014 Jacksonville offense posted a horrid -75.4 percent DVOA on dropbacks where Bortles was blitzed, easily the worst figure in the league:

Worst Offensive DVOA vs. Blitz, 2014 QB Team DVOA Blake Bortles JAC -75.4% Josh McCown TB -67.2% Zach Mettenberger TEN -37.5% Charlie Whitehurst TEN -33.3% Derek Carr OAK -30.4% via Football Outsiders Game Charting Project; min.

60 dropbacks vs. blitz

Though Bortles has made strides in his mechanics, it's hard to imagine the still-raw sophomore quarterback making enough plays under pressure to keep the Jaguars offense humming.

We should expect plenty A-gap blitzes from Jamie Collins and Dont'a Hightower, especially given that New England's linebackers aren't likely to have as many coverage responsibilities on Sunday.

With Julius Thomas injured, Jacksonville tight ends have yet to garner even a single target this season.

Expect an aggressive defensive game plan that forces Bortles to speed up his internal clock, especially if the offense can build an early lead.

Bortles unsurprisingly thrived when he wasn't sacked a single time for the first time in his career last game, so the Pats need to ensure they manufacture steady doses of pressure on Sunday.

Key Players and Matchups

Bill Wippert/Associated Press

Every week in this space, we'll list two offensive and two defensive players critical to the game plan who haven't necessarily received much publicizing in the sections above.

Not all of these selections will necessarily be the most obvious choices, but each figures to play a key factor in New England's chances of victory.

Logan Ryan

Given the hellacious deep ball issues Bradley Fletcher has continued to endure into 2014, it wouldn't be surprising if the Patriots stuck with Logan Ryan as their third corner the entire game this week.

Ryan already pulled ahead of Fletcher in playing time last week, playing 60 snaps to Fletcher's 19 against Buffalo, per Football Outsiders.

It'll be interesting to see who Ryan even covers, assuming he plays most of his snaps from the slot, as starting Jaguars slot receiver Rashad Greene is now on short-term injured reserve following a broken thumb suffered last week.

Look for the third-year corner to see plenty of Marqise Lee and Allen Hurns on Sunday, especially if the Pats prefer to shadow Robinson with top corner Malcolm Butler.

Shaq Mason

Whereas Kline and David Andrews have become full-time starters on the line, the Patriots are still rotating rookies Shaq Mason and Tre' Jackson throughout the game.

Last week, Mason started and played 57 snaps compared to just 27 for Jackson but appeared to struggle against Buffalo's stout interior.

Mason and the Patriots interior offensive line get the break of not facing Sen'Derrick Marks, Jacksonville's top defensive tackle, who is out while recovering from offseason ACL surgery.

However, whether it's Mason or Jackson, see if either rookie can seize control of a starting guard job and at least give the coaching staff something to think about when Ryan Wendell returns to the lineup.

Sealver Siliga

Among New England's trio of big-bodied defensive tackles, Sealver Siliga (44 snaps) received more extended runs than Malcom Brown (21 snaps) or Alan Branch (25 snaps).

The oft-injured nose tackle is New England's biggest body on the interior line, and with Vince Wilfork gone this year, it appears he's the Patriots' best run-stuffing hope.

Improving the run defense doesn't solely fall on Siliga's shoulders, of course, but do the Patriots consider giving more reps to Brown and/or Branch if the run defense struggles?

The Jags shouldn't present nearly the same challenge as Buffalo did last week on the ground, but no one thought DeAngelo Williams would average over six yards per carry in Week 1, either.

Aaron Dobson

In a single week, Dobson exceeded his reception, yardage and snap totals from the entire 2014 season.

The third-year receiver's seven-catch, 87-yard game may have been the best of his career when considering the opponent and the circumstances, which should lead to Dobson earning reps in New England's two-receiver packages moving forward.

But for a player who lived on the roster bubble this offseason, one strong performance does not equate to job security, something offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels implied this week.

If Dobson can string together a second consecutive strong outing in a favorable matchup on paper, perhaps the Pats don't automatically relegate the former second-rounder to the bench when Brandon LaFell returns from the physically unable to perform list.

Prediction

There really isn't much suspense here; the Patriots are the superior team, and a Jacksonville win at Gillette Stadium would be a strong candidate for upset of the year.

As encouraging as last week was for Bortles and the offense, Jacksonville's team-wide injury bug has only widened the talent gap between the two teams.

Perhaps unfamiliarity plays in the Jaguars' favor; a worst-case scenario for New England would be a game similar to the slopfest against the Cleveland Browns from the 2013 season, which the Pats only pulled out via a miraculous flurry in the final two minutes.

Most Pats fans will remember Gronkowski's debilitating season-ending injury from that game, but it's easy to forget that New England hadn't scored before Gronk's injury and generally seemed lost throughout the afternoon.

The Patriots are likely to have a letdown at some point this season, if only because of human nature.

But given their current early-season roll and the impending bye week, expect the Patriots to approach the game professionally and take care of business with relative ease.


Unfortunately, the frustration of being Dr. Goldberg's patient is a repeat of the experience I've had with so many other doctors in NYC -- good doctor, terrible staff.  It seems that his staff simply never answers the phone.  It usually takes 2 hours of repeated calling to get an answer.  Who has time for that or wants to deal with it?  I have run into this problem with many other doctors and I just don't get it.  You have office workers, you have patients with medical needs, why isn't anyone answering the phone?  It's incomprehensible and not work the aggravation.  It's with regret that I feel that I have to give Dr. Goldberg 2 stars.


Been going to Dr. Goldberg for over 10 years. I think I was one of his 1st patients when he started at MHMG. He's been great over the years and is really all about the big picture. It is because of him, not my now former gyn Dr. Markoff, that I found out I have fibroids. He explores all options with you and is very patient and understanding. He doesn't judge and asks all the right questions. Very thorough and wants to be kept in the loop on every aspect of your medical health and your life.


I don't know what Dr. Goldberg was like before  moving to Arizona, but let me tell you, STAY AWAY from this doctor and this office. I was going to Dr. Johnson before he left and Goldberg took over when Johnson left. He is not a caring doctor. He is only interested in the co-pay and having you come in for medication refills every month. He will not give refills and could less about patients's financial situations. Trying to get your 90 days mail away pharmacy prescriptions through this guy is a joke. And to make matters even worse, his office staff is incompetent. 90% of the time when you call the office, they'll put you through to a voice mail, that NO ONE ever answers or returns your call. Both my adult children and husband have decided to leave this practice after experiencing such frustration. The entire office has an attitude like they are doing you a favor. Give me a break! Stay away from this doc and the practice. You deserve better and they will not be there when you really need them. I have never felt compelled to write a bad review about anyone until I met this pathetic excuse for a doctor who is all about the money.


I'm writing this review to give you a heads up before you see this Doctor. The office staff and administration are very unprofessional. I left a message with multiple people regarding my bill, and no one ever called me back. I had to hound them to get an answer about my bill. \n\nSecond, and most important, make sure your insurance is going to cover Dr. Goldberg's visits and blood work. He recommended to me that I get a physical, and he knew I was a student because I told him. I got the physical done. Later, I found out my health insurance doesn't pay for preventative visits. I received an $800.00 bill for the blood work. I can't pay for my bill because I'm a student and don't have any cash flow at this current time. I can't believe the Doctor wouldn't give me a heads up to make sure my insurance would cover work that wasn't necessary and was strictly preventative. The office can't do anything to help me cover the bill. In addition, the office staff said the onus is on me to make sure my insurance covers visits. Frustrating situation!


All the food is great here. But the best thing they have is their wings. Their wings are simply fantastic!!  The \""Wet Cajun\"" are by the best & most popular.  I also like the seasoned salt wings.  Wing Night is Monday & Wednesday night, $0.75 whole wings!\n\nThe dining area is nice. Very family friendly! The bar is very nice is well.  This place is truly a Yinzer's dream!!  \""Pittsburgh Dad\"" would love this place n'at!!


Wing sauce is like water. Pretty much a lot of butter and some hot sauce (franks red hot maybe).  The whole wings are good size and crispy, but for $1 a wing the sauce could be better. The hot and extra hot are about the same flavor/heat.  The fish sandwich is good and is a large portion, sides are decent.


Owning a driving range inside the city limits is like a license to print money.  I don't think I ask much out of a driving range.  Decent mats, clean balls and accessible hours.  Hell you need even less people now with the advent of the machine that doles out the balls.  This place has none of them.  It is april and there are no grass tees yet.  BTW they opened for the season this week although it has been golfing weather for a month.  The mats look like the carpet at my 107 year old aunt Irene's house.  Worn and thread bare.  Let's talk about the hours.  This place is equipped with lights yet they only sell buckets of balls until 730.  It is still light out.  Finally lets you have the pit to hit into.  When I arrived I wasn't sure if this was a driving range or an excavation site for a mastodon or a strip mining operation.  There is no grass on the range. Just mud.  Makes it a good tool to figure out how far you actually are hitting the ball.  Oh, they are cash only also.\n\nBottom line, this place sucks.  The best hope is that the owner sells it to someone that actually wants to make money and service golfers in Pittsburgh.


This place is absolute garbage...  Half of the tees are not available, including all the grass tees.  It is cash only, and they sell the last bucket at 8, despite having lights.  And if you finish even a minute after 8, don't plan on getting a drink.  The vending machines are sold out (of course) and they sell drinks inside, but close the drawers at 8 on the dot.  There are weeds grown all over the place.  I noticed some sort of batting cage, but it looks like those are out of order as well.  Someone should buy this place and turn it into what it should be.


Before I finally made it over to this range I heard the same thing from most people - it's just fine to go work on your swing. I had such a low expectation I was pleasantly surprised. \n\nIt's a fairly big range - if you are familiar with Scally's in Moon, it seems like it has almost as many tees, though its not nearly as nice a facility. \n\nThe guys in the pro shop were two of the friendlier guys I've come across at ranges or at courses. Yards were indeed marked and there are some targets to aim for, and even some hazards to aim away from. \n\nA big red flag to me was the extra charge ($3) to hit off the grass. I am no range expert, but this is the 4th one I've been to and the first I've seen of that sort of nickel and diming....\n\nPrice for the golf balls was reasonable and I do plan to be back every week until they close up in October for the season. Hopefully, since its for sale, it will reopen as a golf facility again.


I drove by yesterday to get a sneak peak.  It re-opens on July 14th and I can't wait to take my kids.  The new range looks amazing.  The entire range appears to be turf, which may or many not help your game, but it looks really nice.  The tee boxes look state of the art and the club house looks like something you'll see on a newer course.  Can't wait to experience it!


Fix the error of msr_sqa dataset

Fix the error of _load_table_data function in msr_sqa dataset, it is wrong to use comma to split each row.


Fix the error of _load_table_data function in msr_sqa dataset

The _load_table_data function from the last version is wrong, it is wrong to use comma to split each row.


Fix CI code quality issue

Fix CI code quality issue introduced by #3695.


Set base path to hub url for canonical datasets

This should allow canonical datasets to use relative paths to download data files from the Hub

cc @polinaeterna this will be useful if we have audio datasets that are canonical and for which you'd like to host data files


Loading JSON gets stuck with many workers/threads

bug

Something isn't working

Hi ! Note that it does `block_size *= 2` until `block_size > len(batch)`, so it doesn't loop indefinitely. What do you mean by "get stuck indefinitely" then ? Is this the actual call to `paj.read_json` that hangs ?

> increasing the `chunksize` argument decreases the chance of getting stuck

Could you share the values of chunksize that you're using to observe this ? And maybe the order of magnitude of number of bytes per line of JSON ?

To clarify, I don't think it loops indefinitely but the `paj.read_json` gets stuck after the first try. That's why I think it could be an issue with a lock somewhere.

Using `load_dataset(..., chunksize=40<<20)` worked without errors.

## Describe the bug
Loading a JSON dataset with `load_dataset` can get stuck when running on a machine with many CPUs. This is especially an issue when loading a large dataset on a large machine.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
I originally created the following script to reproduce the issue:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
from multiprocessing import Process
from tqdm import tqdm
import datasets
from transformers import set_seed

def run_tasks_in_parallel(tasks, ds_list):
    for _ in tqdm(range(1000)):
        print('new batch')
        running_tasks = [Process(target=task, args=(ds, i)) for i, (task, ds) in enumerate(zip(tasks, ds_list))]
        for running_task in running_tasks:
            running_task.start()
        for running_task in running_tasks:
            running_task.join()

def get_dataset():
    dataset_name = 'transformersbook/codeparrot'
    ds = load_dataset(dataset_name+'-train', split="train", streaming=True)
    ds = ds.shuffle(buffer_size=1000, seed=1)
    return iter(ds)

def get_next_element(ds, process_id,  N=10000):
    for _ in range(N):
        _ = next(ds)['content']
    print(f'process {process_id} done')
    return

set_seed(1)
datasets.utils.logging.set_verbosity_debug()

n_processes = 8
tasks = [get_next_element for _ in range(n_processes)]
args = [get_dataset() for _ in range(n_processes)]
run_tasks_in_parallel(tasks, args)
```

Today I noticed that it can happen when running it on a single process on a machine with many cores without streaming. So just `load_dataset("transformersbook/codeparrot-train")` alone might cause the issue after waiting long enough or trying many times. It's a slightly random process which makes it especially hard to track down. When I encountered it today it had already processed 17GB of data (the size of the cache folder when it got stuck) before getting stuck.

Here's my current understanding of the error. As far as I can tell it happens in the following block: https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/be701e9e89ab38022612c7263edc015bc7feaff9/src/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py#L119-L139

When the try on line 121 fails and the `block_size` is increased it can happen that it can't read the JSON again and gets stuck indefinitely. A hint that points in that direction is that increasing the `chunksize` argument decreases the chance of getting stuck and vice versa. Maybe it is an issue with a lock on the file that is not properly released.

## Expected results
Read a JSON before the end of the universe.

## Actual results
Read a JSON not before the end of the universe.

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version: 1.18.3
- Platform: Linux-4.19.0-18-cloud-amd64-x86_64-with-glibc2.28
- Python version: 3.9.10
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0

@lhoestq we dicsussed this a while ago. @albertvillanova we discussed this today :)


`.select`: unexpected behavior with `indices`

Something isn't working

Hi! Currently, we compute the final index as `index % len(dset)`. I agree this behavior is somewhat unexpected and that it would be more appropriate to raise an error instead (this is what `df.iloc` in Pandas does, for instance).

@albertvillanova @lhoestq wdyt?

I agree. I think `index % len(dset)` was used to support negative indices.

I think this needs to be fixed in `datasets.formatting.formatting._check_valid_index_key` if I'm not mistaken

## Describe the bug
The `.select` method will not throw when sending `indices` bigger than the dataset length; `indices` will be wrapped instead. This behavior is not documented anywhere, and is not intuitive.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
from datasets import Dataset
ds = Dataset.from_dict({"text": ["d", "e", "f"], "label": [4, 5, 6]})
res1 = ds.select([1, 2, 3])['text']
res2 = ds.select([1000])['text']
```

## Expected results
Both results should throw an `Error`.

## Actual results
`res1` will give `['e', 'f', 'd']`
`res2` will give `['e']`

## Environment info
Bug found from this environment:
- `datasets` version: 1.16.1
- Platform: macOS-10.16-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.7
- PyArrow version: 6.0.1

It was also replicated on `master`.


Raise informative error when loading a save_to_disk dataset

People recurrently report error when trying to load a dataset (using `load_dataset`) that was previously saved using `save_to_disk`.

This PR raises an informative error message telling them they should use `load_from_disk` instead.

Close #3700.


OSCAR-2109 datasets are misaligned and truncated

Something isn't working

Hi @adrianeboyd, thanks for reporting.

There is indeed a bug in that community dataset:
Line:
```python
metadata_and_text_files = list(zip(metadata_files, text_files))
```
should be replaced with
```python
metadata_and_text_files = list(zip(sorted(metadata_files), sorted(text_files)))
```

I am going to contact their owners (https://huggingface.co/oscar-corpus) in order to inform them about the bug.

I keep you informed.

That fix is part of it, but it's clearly not the only issue.

I also already contacted the OSCAR creators, but I reported it here because it looked like huggingface members were the main authors in the git history. Is there a better place to have reported this?

Hello,

We've had an issue that could be linked to this one here: https://github.com/oscar-corpus/corpus/issues/15.

I have been spot checking the source (`.txt`/`.jsonl`) files for a while, and have not found issues, especially in the start/end of corpora (but I conceed that more integration testing would be necessary on our side).

The text and metadata files are designed to be used in sync (with `lang_part_n.txt` and `lang_meta_part_n.jsonl` working together), while staying independent from part to part, so that anyone could randomly choose a part and work with it.

The fix @albertvillanova proposed should fix the problem, as the parts will be in sync again.

Let me know if you need help or more details, I'd be glad to help!

I'm happy to move the discussion to the other repo!

Merely sorting the files only **maybe** fixes the processing of the first part. If the first part contains non-unix newlines, it will still be misaligned/truncated, and all the following parts will be truncated with incorrect text offsets and metadata due the offset and newline bugs.

## Describe the bug

The `oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109` data appears to be misaligned and truncated by the dataset builder for subsets that contain more than one part and for cases where the texts contain non-unix newlines.

## Steps to reproduce the bug

A few examples, although I'm not sure how deterministic the particular (mis)alignment is in various configurations:

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109", "deduplicated_fi", split="train", use_auth_token=True)
entry = dataset[0]
# entry["text"] is from fi_part_3.txt.gz
# entry["meta"] is from fi_meta_part_2.jsonl.gz

dataset = load_dataset("oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109", "deduplicated_no", split="train", use_auth_token=True)
entry = dataset[900000]
# entry["text"] is from no_part_3.txt.gz and contains a blank line
# entry["meta"] is from no_meta_part_1.jsonl.gz

dataset = load_dataset("oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2109", "deduplicated_mk", split="train", streaming=True, use_auth_token=True)
# 9088 texts in the dataset are empty
```

For `deduplicated_fi`, all exported raw texts from the dataset are 17GB rather than 20GB as reported in the data splits overview table. The token count with `wc -w` for the raw texts is 2,067,556,874 rather than the expected 2,357,264,196 from the data splits table.

For `deduplicated_no` all exported raw texts contain 624,040,887 rather than the expected 776,354,517 tokens.

For `deduplicated_mk` it is 122,236,936 rather than 134,544,934 tokens.

I'm not expecting the `wc -w` counts to line up exactly with the data splits table, but for comparison the `wc -w` count for `deduplicated_mk` on the raw texts is 134,545,424.

## Issues

* The meta / text files are not paired correctly when loading, so the extracted texts do not have the right offsets, the metadata is not associated with the correct text, and the text files may not be processed to the end or may be processed beyond the end (empty texts).
* The line count offset is not reset per file so the texts aren't aligned to the right offsets in any parts beyond the first part, leading to truncation when in effect blank lines are not skipped.
* Non-unix newline characters are treated as newlines when reading the text files while the metadata only counts unix newlines for its line offsets, leading to further misalignments between the metadata and the extracted texts, and which also results in truncation.

## Expected results

All texts from the OSCAR release are extracted according to the metadata and aligned with the correct metadata.

## Fixes

Not necessarily the exact fixes/checks you may want to use (I didn't test all languages or do any cross-platform testing, I'm not sure all the details are compatible with streaming), however to highlight the issues:

```diff
diff --git a/OSCAR-2109.py b/OSCAR-2109.py
index bbac1076..5eee8de7 100644
--- a/OSCAR-2109.py
+++ b/OSCAR-2109.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import collections
 import gzip
 import json
+import os

 import datasets

@@ -387,9 +388,20 @@ class Oscar2109(datasets.GeneratorBasedBuilder):
         with open(checksum_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             data_filenames = [line.split()[1] for line in f if line]
             data_urls = [self.config.base_data_path + data_filename for data_filename in data_filenames]
-        text_files = dl_manager.download([url for url in data_urls if url.endswith(".txt.gz")])
-        metadata_files = dl_manager.download([url for url in data_urls if url.endswith(".jsonl.gz")])
+        # sort filenames so corresponding parts are aligned
+        text_files = sorted(dl_manager.download([url for url in data_urls if url.endswith(".txt.gz")]))
+        metadata_files = sorted(dl_manager.download([url for url in data_urls if url.endswith(".jsonl.gz")]))
+        assert len(text_files) == len(metadata_files)
         metadata_and_text_files = list(zip(metadata_files, text_files))
+        for meta_path, text_path in metadata_and_text_files:
+            # check that meta/text part numbers are the same
+            if "part" in os.path.basename(text_path):
+                assert (
+                    os.path.basename(text_path).replace(".txt.gz", "").split("_")[-1]
+                    == os.path.basename(meta_path).replace(".jsonl.gz", "").split("_")[-1]
+                )
+            else:
+                assert len(metadata_and_text_files) == 1
         return [
             datasets.SplitGenerator(name=datasets.Split.TRAIN, gen_kwargs={"metadata_and_text_files": metadata_and_text_files}),
         ]
@@ -397,10 +409,14 @@ class Oscar2109(datasets.GeneratorBasedBuilder):
     def _generate_examples(self, metadata_and_text_files):
         """This function returns the examples in the raw (text) form by iterating on all the files."""
         id_ = 0
-        offset = 0
         for meta_path, text_path in metadata_and_text_files:
+            # line offsets are per text file
+            offset = 0
             logger.info("generating examples from = %s", text_path)
-            with gzip.open(open(text_path, "rb"), "rt", encoding="utf-8") as text_f:
+            # some texts contain non-Unix newlines that should not be
+            # interpreted as line breaks for the line counts in the metadata
+            # with readline()
+            with gzip.open(open(text_path, "rb"), "rt", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as text_f:
                 with gzip.open(open(meta_path, "rb"), "rt", encoding="utf-8") as meta_f:
                     for line in meta_f:
                         # read meta
@@ -411,7 +427,12 @@ class Oscar2109(datasets.GeneratorBasedBuilder):
                             offset += 1
                             text_f.readline()
                         # read text
-                        text = "".join([text_f.readline() for _ in range(meta["nb_sentences"])]).rstrip()
+                        text_lines = [text_f.readline() for _ in range(meta["nb_sentences"])]
+                        # all lines contain text (no blank lines or EOF)
+                        assert all(text_lines)
+                        assert "\n" not in text_lines
                         offset += meta["nb_sentences"]
+                        # only strip the trailing newline
+                        text = "".join(text_lines).rstrip("\n")
                         yield id_, {"id": id_, "text": text, "meta": meta}
                         id_ += 1
```

I've tested this with a number of smaller deduplicated languages with 1-20 parts and the resulting datasets looked correct in terms of word count and size when compared to the data splits table and raw texts, and the text/metadata alignments were correct in all my spot checks. However, there are many many languages I didn't test and I'm not sure that there aren't any texts containing blank lines in the corpus, for instance. For the cases I tested, the assertions related to blank lines and EOF made it easier to verify that the text and metadata were aligned as intended, since there would be little chance of spurious alignments of variable-length texts across so much data.


Flask -> FastAPI

I'm happy with Flask and do not see the need to switch to FastAPI. Change my mind & (ideally) point me to a nice tutorial that does just that in a demo project.


Ping Sweeper In Python


Text Summarization with Huggingface Transformers and Python


GitHub - helblazer811/ManimML: ManimML is a project focused on providing animations and visualizations of common machine learning concepts with the Manim Community Library.


How do you write iOS apps in Python?


Making a list of advanced topics in Python

I'm preparing for a technical interview. I failed the first one a week ago. I noticed the excercises were tagged as (advanced python). 2 coding questions, one from decorators and the other from SQL.

I'm taking a month to prepare for my second chance at it. And I'm making a list of advanced topics/concepts in python. I don't want to be taken by surprise again.

List comprehension

Anonymous function

Decorators

Generators

Exception handling

Inheritance

Encapsulation

Unit testing

Regex

I need suggestions just in case I'm missing anything. I do practice coding excercises on hackerank.


Port scanning with Python

Lately I've been learning a bit about communicating over a network with Python and thought it might be fun to create a simple TCP port scanner. Had a lot of fun playing around with this on my home network.

The full project write up and code can be found [here](https://sheldonbarry.com/2022/04/24/port-scanning-with-python/).


Monday Daily Thread: Project ideas!

Comment any project ideas beginner or advanced in this thread for others to give a try! If you complete one make sure to reply to the comment with how you found it and attach some source code! If you're looking for project ideas, you might be interested in checking out Al Sweigart's, ["The Big Book of Small Python Projects"](https://inventwithpython.com/bigbookpython/) which provides a list of projects and the code to make them work.


2-Button UI engine in MicroPython with "Apps" on a TTGO T-Display

https://youtu.be/wR3AkhD0nEg

More of a demo than anything at this point, but I've got working text entry, menus, loadable apps(any file named app_AppName.py is detected as an app).

I also have sleep modes, and wakelock-like functionality(Including modem sleep), and the ability for one app to launch another, with arguments and return values.

In screen-off sleep mode, it uses 6mA without Wi-Fi(The USB chip and charge led takes some power, probably more like 0.5mA on battery).  With Wi-Fi it's around 7mA with spikes every few seconds.

With the screen on, you get 45mA with spikes up to 65mA.  Probably room to improve that. But I'm impressed by the low power capabilities of MP(Once you add some assorted pull requests from the internet).

The Calculator app actually just launches the text entry app, and evals the text you enter.

There's a stopwatch and a tally counter, and a settings menu where you can customize things like the colors, and set an app to auto-load as soon as it boots up.

In the future, I'll add password protection to prevent exiting the default app, and I'd like to eventually have some kind of mobile "App store" Android app for uploading new content, and maybe the ability to configure WiFi/MDNS/MQTT from the settings menu.

The original idea for this was to be a replacement for Logitech's Harmony remotes.  I think it would be awesome to have an open source home automation remote, that used an app-capable OS, that could also be a replacement for smart wall switches.

Another fun thing I'd like to do is some kind of programming feature, so you could edit the logic for a little robot just with a 2 or 3 button menu.

If MicroPython ever gets BLE bonding, making a wireless keyboard emulator for media or presentations might be another fun app.


Two


Three


Five


Eight


Paris Hilton: Woman In Black For Uncle Monty's Funeral

Paris Hilton arrived at LAX Wednesday dressed to pay her last respects to her uncle Monty Brinson. Paris flew in from Switzerland especially for the funeral of Brinson, who used to be married to her aunt Kim Richards. Monty died Sunday after a long battle with cancer ... and the loss is obviously hitting Paris hard. She posted a picture collage with Monty calling him an "incredible man with such a huge heart." R.I.P.


How to watch the Google I/O keynote live

Google I/O, the company's big developer conference, kicks off today (May 18). It's a showcase for its newest updates on Android, virtual reality, artificial intelligence and more. (And a chance to bury last year's less-successful launches.) It should be interesting. Here's how you can watch it: With Google, on its YouTube livestream. With Google, on its YouTube livestream in virtual reality, if you have one of its Cardboard devices. VR you ready? Watch the #io16 keynote live on @YouTube 360 this Wed 10AM PT. https://t.co/eZ3yrQCfK0 pic.twitter.com/h5ppO9sVWe Or, best of all, with Recode! Join us at 10 am PT, 1 pm ET, 6 pm in London and 1 am (May 19) in Hong Kong for the keynote kick-off with our liveblog, where we pledge to be entertaining and insightful. And follow our coverage throughout the week for an insider's look at the search giant's next big steps. This article originally appeared on Recode.net.


Chapter  12

Summary: Mrs. Dashwood and her daughters are busy attending parties and balls. Marianne is in her element. She is overjoyed in the company of Willoughby, who showers much affection and attention on her. Elinor even feels left out at times. Deprived of friends of her own age, she is often thrown in the company of Mrs. Jennings and Lady Middleton. At such times she welcomes the presence of Colonel Brandon. Brandon often talks of Marianne and asks Elinor about her sister's preferences.

Notes Jane Austen paints the picture of an eighteenth-century upper middle-class society. The Dashwoods and Middletons are shown to be busy attending parties and balls. Their main occupation is socializing, and they take pleasure in entertaining people. Every young girl waits for a respectable young man to woo her, and her parents hope for a match between them. They lead a leisurely life, perhaps unusual to the modern reader. Marianne is exhilarated by the looks and manners of her lover. She does not care to understand his essential nature. Obsessed with Willoughby, she ignores Colonel Brandon and unconsciously hurts him. Blinded by her infatuation for Willoughby, she is not able to realize the worth of the Colonel or detect the intensity of his feelings. This chapter again emphasizes the difference in attitudes between Willoughby and Colonel Brandon. Both men are attracted to Marianne. Willoughby displays his affection by wooing Marianne, like a dashing hero would, while Colonel Brandon admires his lady love from a distance and silently hopes to win her favor. Willoughby is interested only in flirting with Marianne, but the Colonel, like a sincere person, looks forward to a lasting relationship. CHAPTER 12 Summary Marianne gets carried away by Willoughby's showy gestures. When he offers her a horse, she accepts it readily and talks about it to her sister. Elinor is shocked to learn this and asks Marianne to decline the offer, as it would prove too costly for them. Elinor observes Willoughby's behavior towards her sister and detects a note of intimacy in it. Margaret tells Elinor about her suspicion of an engagement between Marianne and Willoughby. Later, at Mrs. Jennings' insistence, Margaret gives a hint about Elinor's attachment to Edward, much to Elinor's embarrassment. Notes The chapter hints at the extent of the involvement of Marianne with Willoughby. Willoughby tries to impress Marianne by offering her a horse as a gift, and Marianne foolishly accepts the offer without giving a thought to the expenditure involved. Willoughby's superficiality and Marianne's gullibility are exposed in this episode. Chapter 12 also reveals the character of the youngest of the Dashwood girls. Margaret, one of the minor characters in the novel, is otherwise ignored by Austen. Only a few chapters give a glimpse into her personality. Margaret, like a typical teenager, gets excited over little things and jumps to conclusions easily. She derives pleasure from revealing secrets. She informs Elinor about the impending marriage between Marianne and Willoughby because she saw the young man taking a lock of hair from her sister . At the Park, she gives hints about the relationship between Elinor and Edward to Mrs. Jennings, much to the embarrassment of her sister. Like a reckless teenager, she is always in a hurry to impart information not meant to be disclosed publicly. CHAPTER 13 Summary Everyone is eagerly looking forward to their picnic at Whitewell. However, on the morning of the outing, a letter arrives for Colonel Brandon and alters the situation. The letter disturbs Brandon, and he informs the others about his decision to leave immediately for the town. The picnic is canceled, much to the disappointment of all, since it is not possible to proceed to Whitewell without the assistance of the Colonel. Sir John Middleton suggests that they should go for a ride in the carriage around the countryside. Marianne and Willoughby take a separate carriage. They visit Allenham on the sly. When Elinor learns about their visit, she is angry with Marianne for not observing the rules of propriety. Marianne justifies her action. Notes An element of suspense is introduced in this chapter. After the Colonel reads the letter, he turns grave and decides to leave for the town immediately. He evades the questions of Mrs. Jennings and declines to postpone his visit. After he leaves, Mrs. Jennings hints at the possibility of his visiting his illegitimate daughter, Miss Williams. Through this bit of information, Austen arouses the curiosity of the reader regarding the mysterious past of Colonel Brandon. Marianne and Willoughby are insensitive to the feelings of the Colonel and fail to sympathize with his plight. They criticize Brandon for spoiling the afternoon. Colonel Brandon comes across as a man in control of his emotions. Even though he is disturbed by the contents of the letter, he does not reveal his misery to others. Like a gentleman, he excuses himself from the party and bows to Marianne before taking his leave. His silence speaks volumes. The chapter relates one more incident which creates a clash between the good sense of Elinor and the sensibility of Marianne. Marianne makes a secret visit to Allenham with Willoughby but does not feel guilty about what she has done. Elinor's sense of decorum causes her to condemn her sister's actions, as she does not approve of Marianne's visiting a stranger's house with a man to whom she is not even engaged, at least not openly.

As Elinor and Marianne were walking together the next morning the
latter communicated a piece of news to her sister, which in spite of
all that she knew before of Marianne's imprudence and want of thought,
surprised her by its extravagant testimony of both.  Marianne told her,
with the greatest delight, that Willoughby had given her a horse, one
that he had bred himself on his estate in Somersetshire, and which was
exactly calculated to carry a woman.  Without considering that it was
not in her mother's plan to keep any horse, that if she were to alter
her resolution in favour of this gift, she must buy another for the
servant, and keep a servant to ride it, and after all, build a stable
to receive them, she had accepted the present without hesitation, and
told her sister of it in raptures.

"He intends to send his groom into Somersetshire immediately for it,"
she added, "and when it arrives we will ride every day.  You shall
share its use with me.  Imagine to yourself, my dear Elinor, the
delight of a gallop on some of these downs."

Most unwilling was she to awaken from such a dream of felicity to
comprehend all the unhappy truths which attended the affair; and for
some time she refused to submit to them.  As to an additional servant,
the expense would be a trifle; Mama she was sure would never object to
it; and any horse would do for HIM; he might always get one at the
park; as to a stable, the merest shed would be sufficient.  Elinor then
ventured to doubt the propriety of her receiving such a present from a
man so little, or at least so lately known to her.  This was too much.

"You are mistaken, Elinor," said she warmly, "in supposing I know very
little of Willoughby.  I have not known him long indeed, but I am much
better acquainted with him, than I am with any other creature in the
world, except yourself and mama.  It is not time or opportunity that is
to determine intimacy;--it is disposition alone.  Seven years would be
insufficient to make some people acquainted with each other, and seven
days are more than enough for others.  I should hold myself guilty of
greater impropriety in accepting a horse from my brother, than from
Willoughby.  Of John I know very little, though we have lived together
for years; but of Willoughby my judgment has long been formed."

Elinor thought it wisest to touch that point no more.  She knew her
sister's temper.  Opposition on so tender a subject would only attach
her the more to her own opinion.  But by an appeal to her affection for
her mother, by representing the inconveniences which that indulgent
mother must draw on herself, if (as would probably be the case) she
consented to this increase of establishment, Marianne was shortly
subdued; and she promised not to tempt her mother to such imprudent
kindness by mentioning the offer, and to tell Willoughby when she saw
him next, that it must be declined.

She was faithful to her word; and when Willoughby called at the
cottage, the same day, Elinor heard her express her disappointment to
him in a low voice, on being obliged to forego the acceptance of his
present.  The reasons for this alteration were at the same time
related, and they were such as to make further entreaty on his side
impossible.  His concern however was very apparent; and after
expressing it with earnestness, he added, in the same low voice,--"But,
Marianne, the horse is still yours, though you cannot use it now.  I
shall keep it only till you can claim it.  When you leave Barton to
form your own establishment in a more lasting home, Queen Mab shall
receive you."

This was all overheard by Miss Dashwood; and in the whole of the
sentence, in his manner of pronouncing it, and in his addressing her
sister by her Christian name alone, she instantly saw an intimacy so
decided, a meaning so direct, as marked a perfect agreement between
them.  From that moment she doubted not of their being engaged to each
other; and the belief of it created no other surprise than that she, or
any of their friends, should be left by tempers so frank, to discover
it by accident.

Margaret related something to her the next day, which placed this
matter in a still clearer light.  Willoughby had spent the preceding
evening with them, and Margaret, by being left some time in the parlour
with only him and Marianne, had had opportunity for observations,
which, with a most important face, she communicated to her eldest
sister, when they were next by themselves.

"Oh, Elinor!" she cried, "I have such a secret to tell you about
Marianne.  I am sure she will be married to Mr. Willoughby very soon."

"You have said so," replied Elinor, "almost every day since they first
met on High-church Down; and they had not known each other a week, I
believe, before you were certain that Marianne wore his picture round
her neck; but it turned out to be only the miniature of our great
uncle."

"But indeed this is quite another thing.  I am sure they will be
married very soon, for he has got a lock of her hair."

"Take care, Margaret.  It may be only the hair of some great uncle of
HIS."

"But, indeed, Elinor, it is Marianne's. I am almost sure it is, for I
saw him cut it off.  Last night after tea, when you and mama went out
of the room, they were whispering and talking together as fast as could
be, and he seemed to be begging something of her, and presently he took
up her scissors and cut off a long lock of her hair, for it was all
tumbled down her back; and he kissed it, and folded it up in a piece of
white paper; and put it into his pocket-book."

For such particulars, stated on such authority, Elinor could not
withhold her credit; nor was she disposed to it, for the circumstance
was in perfect unison with what she had heard and seen herself.

Margaret's sagacity was not always displayed in a way so satisfactory
to her sister.  When Mrs. Jennings attacked her one evening at the
park, to give the name of the young man who was Elinor's particular
favourite, which had been long a matter of great curiosity to her,
Margaret answered by looking at her sister, and saying, "I must not
tell, may I, Elinor?"

This of course made every body laugh; and Elinor tried to laugh too.
But the effort was painful.  She was convinced that Margaret had fixed
on a person whose name she could not bear with composure to become a
standing joke with Mrs. Jennings.

Marianne felt for her most sincerely; but she did more harm than good
to the cause, by turning very red and saying in an angry manner to
Margaret,

"Remember that whatever your conjectures may be, you have no right to
repeat them."

"I never had any conjectures about it," replied Margaret; "it was you
who told me of it yourself."

This increased the mirth of the company, and Margaret was eagerly
pressed to say something more.

"Oh! pray, Miss Margaret, let us know all about it," said Mrs.
Jennings.  "What is the gentleman's name?"

"I must not tell, ma'am. But I know very well what it is; and I know
where he is too."

"Yes, yes, we can guess where he is; at his own house at Norland to be
sure.  He is the curate of the parish I dare say."

"No, THAT he is not.  He is of no profession at all."

"Margaret," said Marianne with great warmth, "you know that all this is
an invention of your own, and that there is no such person in
existence."

"Well, then, he is lately dead, Marianne, for I am sure there was such
a man once, and his name begins with an F."

Most grateful did Elinor feel to Lady Middleton for observing, at this
moment, "that it rained very hard," though she believed the
interruption to proceed less from any attention to her, than from her
ladyship's great dislike of all such inelegant subjects of raillery as
delighted her husband and mother.  The idea however started by her, was
immediately pursued by Colonel Brandon, who was on every occasion
mindful of the feelings of others; and much was said on the subject of
rain by both of them.  Willoughby opened the piano-forte, and asked
Marianne to sit down to it; and thus amidst the various endeavours of
different people to quit the topic, it fell to the ground.  But not so
easily did Elinor recover from the alarm into which it had thrown her.

A party was formed this evening for going on the following day to see a
very fine place about twelve miles from Barton, belonging to a
brother-in-law of Colonel Brandon, without whose interest it could not
be seen, as the proprietor, who was then abroad, had left strict orders
on that head.  The grounds were declared to be highly beautiful, and
Sir John, who was particularly warm in their praise, might be allowed
to be a tolerable judge, for he had formed parties to visit them, at
least, twice every summer for the last ten years.  They contained a
noble piece of water; a sail on which was to a form a great part of the
morning's amusement; cold provisions were to be taken, open carriages
only to be employed, and every thing conducted in the usual style of a
complete party of pleasure.

To some few of the company it appeared rather a bold undertaking,
considering the time of year, and that it had rained every day for the
last fortnight;--and Mrs. Dashwood, who had already a cold, was
persuaded by Elinor to stay at home.


finished_summaries/gradesaver/Tess of the D'Urbervilles/section_2_part_5.txt

Chapter 20

Summary: Tess had never in her recent life been so happy and would possibly never be so happy again. She and Tess stand between predilection and love. For Angel, Tess represents a visionary essence of woman, and calls her Artemis, Demeter, and other fanciful names, but she insists that he call her simply Tess. Tess seems to exhibit a dignified largeness of disposition and physique. The two are always the first to awake at the dairy house, where they feel an impressive isolation, as if they are Adam and Eve.

Hardy makes explicit that Tess's time at Talbothays dairy is an idyllic respite from her normal toil and hardship, yet states that this happiness will be short-lived, foreshadowing greater adversity for Tess Durbeyfield. Hardy compares Angel and Tess to Adam and Eve in the mornings, thus foreshadowing a later fall from perfection. It is the idealism and perfection that Tess finds at Talbothays that leads to this shaky foundation for her happiness; Angel Clare adores Tess as a representation of perfection. To Angel, Tess is a goddess such as Artemis or Demeter, a symbol of perfection rather than a person with obvious faults and foibles. There is a great irony in Angel's adoration for Tess; Angel exalts Tess as a goddess for her strength and disposition, yet this perfection comes from the adversity stemming from her greatest weakness

The season developed and matured.  Another year's instalment of
flowers, leaves, nightingales, thrushes, finches, and such ephemeral
creatures, took up their positions where only a year ago others had
stood in their place when these were nothing more than germs and
inorganic particles.  Rays from the sunrise drew forth the buds and
stretched them into long stalks, lifted up sap in noiseless streams,
opened petals, and sucked out scents in invisible jets and
breathings.

Dairyman Crick's household of maids and men lived on comfortably,
placidly, even merrily.  Their position was perhaps the happiest of
all positions in the social scale, being above the line at which
neediness ends, and below the line at which the _convenances_ begin
to cramp natural feelings, and the stress of threadbare modishness
makes too little of enough.

Thus passed the leafy time when arborescence seems to be the one
thing aimed at out of doors.  Tess and Clare unconsciously studied
each other, ever balanced on the edge of a passion, yet apparently
keeping out of it.  All the while they were converging, under an
irresistible law, as surely as two streams in one vale.

Tess had never in her recent life been so happy as she was now,
possibly never would be so happy again.  She was, for one thing,
physically and mentally suited among these new surroundings.  The
sapling which had rooted down to a poisonous stratum on the spot of
its sowing had been transplanted to a deeper soil.  Moreover she, and
Clare also, stood as yet on the debatable land between predilection
and love; where no profundities have been reached; no reflections
have set in, awkwardly inquiring, "Whither does this new current tend
to carry me?  What does it mean to my future?  How does it stand
towards my past?"

Tess was the merest stray phenomenon to Angel Clare as yet--a rosy,
warming apparition which had only just acquired the attribute of
persistence in his consciousness.  So he allowed his mind to be
occupied with her, deeming his preoccupation to be no more than a
philosopher's regard of an exceedingly novel, fresh, and interesting
specimen of womankind.

They met continually; they could not help it.  They met daily in that
strange and solemn interval, the twilight of the morning, in the
violet or pink dawn; for it was necessary to rise early, so very
early, here.  Milking was done betimes; and before the milking came
the skimming, which began at a little past three.  It usually fell
to the lot of some one or other of them to wake the rest, the first
being aroused by an alarm-clock; and, as Tess was the latest arrival,
and they soon discovered that she could be depended upon not to sleep
though the alarm as others did, this task was thrust most frequently
upon her.  No sooner had the hour of three struck and whizzed,
than she left her room and ran to the dairyman's door; then up the
ladder to Angel's, calling him in a loud whisper; then woke her
fellow-milkmaids.  By the time that Tess was dressed Clare was
downstairs and out in the humid air.  The remaining maids and the
dairyman usually gave themselves another turn on the pillow, and did
not appear till a quarter of an hour later.

The gray half-tones of daybreak are not the gray half-tones of the
day's close, though the degree of their shade may be the same.  In
the twilight of the morning, light seems active, darkness passive;
in the twilight of evening it is the darkness which is active and
crescent, and the light which is the drowsy reverse.

Being so often--possibly not always by chance--the first two persons
to get up at the dairy-house, they seemed to themselves the first
persons up of all the world.  In these early days of her residence
here Tess did not skim, but went out of doors at once after rising,
where he was generally awaiting her.  The spectral, half-compounded,
aqueous light which pervaded the open mead impressed them with
a feeling of isolation, as if they were Adam and Eve.  At this
dim inceptive stage of the day Tess seemed to Clare to exhibit a
dignified largeness both of disposition and physique, an almost
regnant power, possibly because he knew that at that preternatural
time hardly any woman so well endowed in person as she was likely to
be walking in the open air within the boundaries of his horizon; very
few in all England.  Fair women are usually asleep at mid-summer
dawns.  She was close at hand, and the rest were nowhere.

The mixed, singular, luminous gloom in which they walked along
together to the spot where the cows lay often made him think of the
Resurrection hour.  He little thought that the Magdalen might be
at his side.  Whilst all the landscape was in neutral shade his
companion's face, which was the focus of his eyes, rising above the
mist stratum, seemed to have a sort of phosphorescence upon it.  She
looked ghostly, as if she were merely a soul at large.  In reality
her face, without appearing to do so, had caught the cold gleam of
day from the north-east; his own face, though he did not think of
it, wore the same aspect to her.

It was then, as has been said, that she impressed him most deeply.
She was no longer the milkmaid, but a visionary essence of woman--a
whole sex condensed into one typical form.  He called her Artemis,
Demeter, and other fanciful names half teasingly, which she did not
like because she did not understand them.

"Call me Tess," she would say askance; and he did.

Then it would grow lighter, and her features would become simply
feminine; they had changed from those of a divinity who could confer
bliss to those of a being who craved it.

At these non-human hours they could get quite close to the waterfowl.
Herons came, with a great bold noise as of opening doors and
shutters, out of the boughs of a plantation which they frequented at
the side of the mead; or, if already on the spot, hardily maintained
their standing in the water as the pair walked by, watching them by
moving their heads round in a slow, horizontal, passionless wheel,
like the turn of puppets by clockwork.

They could then see the faint summer fogs in layers, woolly, level,
and apparently no thicker than counterpanes, spread about the meadows
in detached remnants of small extent.  On the gray moisture of the
grass were marks where the cows had lain through the night--dark-green
islands of dry herbage the size of their carcasses, in the general
sea of dew. From each island proceeded a serpentine trail, by which
the cow had rambled away to feed after getting up, at the end of
which trail they found her; the snoring puff from her nostrils, when
she recognized them, making an intenser little fog of her own amid
the prevailing one.  Then they drove the animals back to the barton,
or sat down to milk them on the spot, as the case might require.

Or perhaps the summer fog was more general, and the meadows lay like
a white sea, out of which the scattered trees rose like dangerous
rocks.  Birds would soar through it into the upper radiance, and
hang on the wing sunning themselves, or alight on the wet rails
subdividing the mead, which now shone like glass rods.  Minute
diamonds of moisture from the mist hung, too, upon Tess's eyelashes,
and drops upon her hair, like seed pearls.  When the day grew quite
strong and commonplace these dried off her; moreover, Tess then
lost her strange and ethereal beauty; her teeth, lips, and eyes
scintillated in the sunbeams and she was again the dazzlingly fair
dairymaid only, who had to hold her own against the other women of
the world.

About this time they would hear Dairyman Crick's voice, lecturing the
non-resident milkers for arriving late, and speaking sharply to old
Deborah Fyander for not washing her hands.

"For Heaven's sake, pop thy hands under the pump, Deb!  Upon my soul,
if the London folk only knowed of thee and thy slovenly ways, they'd
swaller their milk and butter more mincing than they do a'ready; and
that's saying a good deal."

The milking progressed, till towards the end Tess and Clare, in
common with the rest, could hear the heavy breakfast table dragged
out from the wall in the kitchen by Mrs Crick, this being the
invariable preliminary to each meal; the same horrible scrape
accompanying its return journey when the table had been cleared.


Chapter 9

Summary: Rulers that come to power because of the support of the people are the total opposite of bloody conquers. Everyone loves 'em. They're not too smart, or even extra lucky, but just enough to get by. Our new ruler has three options for his new place: a monarchy where power goes to the nobles, a republic where power goes to the people, and anarchy. In monarchies, either the nobles or the people decide to concentrate all the power in one person, the king. Seems simple enough, but a king who comes to power because of the nobles will have a hard time. After all, the nobles have lots of power to throw around, too. Remember, you don't want anyone who can compete with you around, and these are the people with the weapons. What are the regular people going to do to you? Poke you with their potatoes? Bottom line: be friends with the people, because the nobles have too many tricks up their sleeves. More on nobles. There are two kinds, those who are totally 100% loyally part of your fan club and those who aren't. Out of those who aren't, there are two kinds. Those who are just scaredy-cats , and those who are planning something. The latter are the ones to watch out for because they will turn on you at the drop of a hat. Okay, back to the people. You need to be on their side. It's pretty easy, actually, because they basically just don't want to be oppressed and tortured. Also, if they thought you were going to be super mean, and you turn out to be okay, they will love you even more than if they loved you from the start. They're easy to please. Some people say that it's a bad idea to depend on the support of the people. Machiavelli just doesn't agree--he says that's only the case if you're stupid and think they'll fight for you or rescue you. That's not going to happen. But they can support you and not turn against you. Problems for the ruler supported by the people? When they want to become an absolute ruler, they need either give direct command or rule though other people who they give power to. The problem is, these people aren't always the most trustworthy--before you know it, everything is up in flames. So, make sure your people always need not only your government , but you specifically, and everything will be okay.

But coming to the other point--where a leading citizen becomes the
prince of his country, not by wickedness or any intolerable violence,
but by the favour of his fellow citizens--this may be called a civil
principality: nor is genius or fortune altogether necessary to attain to
it, but rather a happy shrewdness. I say then that such a principality
is obtained either by the favour of the people or by the favour of the
nobles. Because in all cities these two distinct parties are found,
and from this it arises that the people do not wish to be ruled nor
oppressed by the nobles, and the nobles wish to rule and oppress the
people; and from these two opposite desires there arises in cities one
of three results, either a principality, self-government, or anarchy.

A principality is created either by the people or by the nobles,
accordingly as one or other of them has the opportunity; for the nobles,
seeing they cannot withstand the people, begin to cry up the reputation
of one of themselves, and they make him a prince, so that under his
shadow they can give vent to their ambitions. The people, finding
they cannot resist the nobles, also cry up the reputation of one of
themselves, and make him a prince so as to be defended by his authority.
He who obtains sovereignty by the assistance of the nobles maintains
himself with more difficulty than he who comes to it by the aid of
the people, because the former finds himself with many around him who
consider themselves his equals, and because of this he can neither rule
nor manage them to his liking. But he who reaches sovereignty by popular
favour finds himself alone, and has none around him, or few, who are not
prepared to obey him.

Besides this, one cannot by fair dealing, and without injury to others,
satisfy the nobles, but you can satisfy the people, for their object is
more righteous than that of the nobles, the latter wishing to oppress,
while the former only desire not to be oppressed. It is to be added also
that a prince can never secure himself against a hostile people, because
of there being too many, whilst from the nobles he can secure himself,
as they are few in number. The worst that a prince may expect from a
hostile people is to be abandoned by them; but from hostile nobles he
has not only to fear abandonment, but also that they will rise against
him; for they, being in these affairs more far-seeing and astute, always
come forward in time to save themselves, and to obtain favours from him
whom they expect to prevail. Further, the prince is compelled to live
always with the same people, but he can do well without the same nobles,
being able to make and unmake them daily, and to give or take away
authority when it pleases him.

Therefore, to make this point clearer, I say that the nobles ought to
be looked at mainly in two ways: that is to say, they either shape their
course in such a way as binds them entirely to your fortune, or they do
not. Those who so bind themselves, and are not rapacious, ought to be
honoured and loved; those who do not bind themselves may be dealt
with in two ways; they may fail to do this through pusillanimity and a
natural want of courage, in which case you ought to make use of them,
especially of those who are of good counsel; and thus, whilst in
prosperity you honour them, in adversity you do not have to fear them.
But when for their own ambitious ends they shun binding themselves, it
is a token that they are giving more thought to themselves than to you,
and a prince ought to guard against such, and to fear them as if they
were open enemies, because in adversity they always help to ruin him.

Therefore, one who becomes a prince through the favour of the people
ought to keep them friendly, and this he can easily do seeing they
only ask not to be oppressed by him. But one who, in opposition to
the people, becomes a prince by the favour of the nobles, ought, above
everything, to seek to win the people over to himself, and this he may
easily do if he takes them under his protection. Because men, when they
receive good from him of whom they were expecting evil, are bound more
closely to their benefactor; thus the people quickly become more devoted
to him than if he had been raised to the principality by their favours;
and the prince can win their affections in many ways, but as these vary
according to the circumstances one cannot give fixed rules, so I omit
them; but, I repeat, it is necessary for a prince to have the people
friendly, otherwise he has no security in adversity.

Nabis,(*) Prince of the Spartans, sustained the attack of all Greece,
and of a victorious Roman army, and against them he defended his country
and his government; and for the overcoming of this peril it was only
necessary for him to make himself secure against a few, but this would
not have been sufficient had the people been hostile. And do not let any
one impugn this statement with the trite proverb that "He who builds on
the people, builds on the mud," for this is true when a private citizen
makes a foundation there, and persuades himself that the people will
free him when he is oppressed by his enemies or by the magistrates;
wherein he would find himself very often deceived, as happened to the
Gracchi in Rome and to Messer Giorgio Scali(+) in Florence. But granted
a prince who has established himself as above, who can command, and is
a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who does not fail in other
qualifications, and who, by his resolution and energy, keeps the whole
people encouraged--such a one will never find himself deceived in them,
and it will be shown that he has laid his foundations well.

     (*) Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, conquered by the Romans under
     Flamininus in 195 B.C.; killed 192 B.C.

     (+) Messer Giorgio Scali. This event is to be found in
     Machiavelli's "Florentine History," Book III.

These principalities are liable to danger when they are passing from the
civil to the absolute order of government, for such princes either rule
personally or through magistrates. In the latter case their government
is weaker and more insecure, because it rests entirely on the goodwill
of those citizens who are raised to the magistracy, and who, especially
in troubled times, can destroy the government with great ease, either
by intrigue or open defiance; and the prince has not the chance amid
tumults to exercise absolute authority, because the citizens and
subjects, accustomed to receive orders from magistrates, are not of
a mind to obey him amid these confusions, and there will always be in
doubtful times a scarcity of men whom he can trust. For such a prince
cannot rely upon what he observes in quiet times, when citizens have
need of the state, because then every one agrees with him; they all
promise, and when death is far distant they all wish to die for him;
but in troubled times, when the state has need of its citizens, then
he finds but few. And so much the more is this experiment dangerous,
inasmuch as it can only be tried once. Therefore a wise prince ought to
adopt such a course that his citizens will always in every sort and
kind of circumstance have need of the state and of him, and then he will
always find them faithful.