WATCH: Brand-New Pro-Trump Ad Features So Much A** Kissing It Will Make You Sick

Just when you might have thought we d get a break from watching people kiss Donald Trump s ass and stroke his ego ad nauseam, a pro-Trump group creates an ad that s nothing but people doing even more of those exact things. America First Policies is set to release this ad, called  Thank You, President Trump,  on Christmas Day and, well, we threw up a little in our mouths trying to watch this.Basically, the spot is nothing but people fawning all over Trump for all the stuff he hasn t actually done. The ad includes a scene with a little girl thanking Trump for bringing back  Merry Christmas,  which never went away (there are even videos of President Obama saying  Merry Christmas  himself). A man thanks him for cutting his taxes. And America First says that everyday Americans everywhere are thanking Trump for being such a great and awesome president.The best president.Nobody s ever done what he s done. He s breaking all kinds of records every day.Believe us.Anyway, the word  propaganda  comes to mind when watching this. That s what it is   literal propaganda promoting someone who shouldn t need this kind of promotion anymore. Watch this ad bullshit below:The way the MAGAs are kowtowing to Orange Hitler is both disgusting and frightening. The man has done nothing, and his policies will harm the very same Americans who are thanking him. Unfortunately, it will take an obscene amount of pain before they ll open their eyes and see they ve been duped by a con man with a bad hairdo.And his ongoing need for this kind of adoration is, at best, unbecoming of his office. This ad is vile.Featured image via Al Drago-Pool/Getty Images

News


Context: It is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.[citation needed] Since electrons are fermions, they cannot occupy the same quantum mechanical state as other electrons. When the electrons in a material are densely packed together, there are not enough lower energy quantum mechanical states for them all, so some of them must be in higher energy states. This means that it takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force, it is technically only the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states.

Question: How rare is the misconception that solid matter is rigid because of like charges?


Context: Breathing pure O2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits, or in early spacecraft such as Apollo, causes no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O2 partial pressure in the breathing gas is, in general, about 30 kPa (1.4 times normal), and the resulting O2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood is only marginally more than normal sea-level O2 partial pressure (for more information on this, see space suit and arterial blood gas).

Question: Aside from spacecrafts, where else is it safe to breathe in O2 if you are an astronaut?


Context: Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D mission to the next mission in March 1969, and eliminating the E mission. This would keep the program on track. The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5, and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts. The decision was not announced publicly until successful completion of Apollo 7. Gemini veterans Frank Borman and James Lovell, and rookie William Anders captured the world's attention by making 10 lunar orbits in 20 hours, transmitting television pictures of the lunar surface on Christmas Eve, and returning safely to Earth.

Question: Which of the following is not an astronaut: McDivitt, Low, or Schweickart?


Context: Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy. Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is, according to many indicators, the largest market in the region, with 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009. From 1991 until 2000, the stock exchange was, ironically, located in the building previously used as the headquarters of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).

Question: What was reappropriated for use?


Volvo will unveil the electric EX90 SUV on November 9th


XPeng claims its G9 SUV is the world's fastest charging EV


Analysis: Rally in U.S. consumer stocks teeters with Fed, inflation in focus - Reuters


Printing the future: New factory tech reshapes the U.S. industrial economy - Reuters


Indigenous leaders urge businesses and banks to stop supporting deforestation


'Big Short' investor Michael Burry reveals he isn't betting against Tesla right now - but says he should be


Soaring natural gas prices are prompting European companies to move their manufacturing operations to the US


Why hundreds of Twitter workers are fleeing the company


['DATE', 'BD-FF', '1/4/90', 'Marketing', 'cc:', '', 'PROJECT INITIATION FORM', 'PROJECT CODE', 'PROJECT NAME', 'BULL DURHAM Full Flavor King Size Cigarettes', 'J. F. Anders/ J. E. Mann', 'PROJECT LEADER', 'WORK REQUESTED BY', 'PROJECT OBJECTIVE', 'Develop 14- mg "tar" delivery king size cigarette for generic pricing directed toward young male smokers. Cigarette dimensions- 85 mm x 24.9 mm circumference- 20 mm filter- 24 mm tipping. Offshore tobacco blend with unique flavor formulation. Cork tipping.', 'OTHER PERSONNEL ASSIGNED', 'Approved by', 'RSS RDC PHL PRC DRB Records Project Leader Other Personnel Assigned']

['question', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'answer', 'header', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'answer']


['Location', 'Division', 'Invitations:', 'Mugs', 'Posters', '720', '40', '20', '100', '50', 'Unknown', '#Requested', 'Date', "Rec'd", 'Attendees:', 'Counter', 'Floor', 'Posters', '15', '9', '100', '40', '35', '10', 'Food', 'Cleanliness', 'Service', 'Fair', 'Average', 'X', 'X', 'X', 'Excellent', 'cc:', '92091873', '6/', '12/', '95', 'NEWPORT RACING EVENT SURVEY', 'Leguna Seca, Monterey, Ca', 'San Jose/ 933', 'T. L. Roberts', 'Date (s)', 'September 10, 1995', 'Division Mgr', 'Date Submitted', 'September 26 1995', '(submit by 30 days after event)', 'Promotion Quantity:', 'Displays (8)', 'Floor (40)', 'Date Notified', 'Date Ordered', "Date Rec'd", '9/ 5/ 95', '9/ 6/ 95', '#Displays Placed:', '#Customers Invited', '#Customers Attended', '#Lorillard Personnel', "Invitees' Comments:", '"Thank You very much for the tickets, we had a great time" Rogers Liquor, Marina California.', '"We really appreciate Lorillard thinking us." Shiffert\'s Wholesale, Visalia, California.', '"Thank you so much for the invitations... We had a great time." Mission Trail Oil Company (Rotten Robbie Stores) San Jose California.', '"The races were great the Newport Hospitality area was terrific". Coremark, Sacramento, California.', 'Race Day Info:', 'Event Attendance 100, 000 Hospitality Tent Attendance 35- 40', 'Quality of Hospitality Tent:', 'Suggestions/ Recommendations:', 'Perhaps the tickets could be sent but a little sooner This year the tickets arrived on Thursday and the race was Sunday. This made it difficult to get the tickets to customers on tine.', 'R. P. Bonomo']

['question', 'question', 'header', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'header', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'other', 'other', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'other', 'question', 'other', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'header', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'header', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'header', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'answer', 'header', 'question', 'answer', 'answer']


['Date:', '81186212', '4/79', 'New Competitive Activity', 'Please fill in the following information, as appropriate and send to C. W. Toti, Marketing Services Director, at the New York Office. Thank you.', 'Reported by:', 'Manufacturer & Brand:', 'Type of product, size(s) & list price:', 'Extent of distribution:', 'Information and hearsay from outside contacts:', 'Further information (please attach any relevant materials; POS, advertising, brochures, etc.):']

['question', 'other', 'other', 'header', 'other', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question']


['Attention', 'Copies', 'Department', 'Subject', '7', 'Publication', 'Time', 'Date', 'RECEIVED', '516007780', 'DR. HUGHES, MESSRS. ALAR, SANDEFUR,', 'CORPORATE AFFAIRS', 'BLOTT, BUTLER, MIDDLETON, CHRISTENSEN, PEPPLES, SACHS FREEDMAN', 'T. HUMBER, M. BATEMAN', 'L&M Lawsuit', 'PRESS QUERY', 'ADWEEK - Midwest', 'Reporter/ Editor', 'Fran Brock (312) 467- 6500', 'Received by', 'Mark Ahearn', '1: 45 P. M.', '7/ 9/ 84', 'Deadline for response', 'Already handled', 'Describe the storyline, list the questions and proposed answers, and summarize handling, including clearances.', 'Ms. Brock requested information regarding L&M lawsuit. I provided the approved prepared response.', "Reporter then requested clarification of generic cigarette vs. 'private label cigarette' and asked to be notified when further announcements regarding generics were made.", 'J. M. A. JMA', 'JUL 10 1984 JOHN ALAR']

['question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'other', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'other', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'header', 'answer', 'question', 'answer', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'answer', 'question', 'other', 'other', 'other', 'answer']


['DATE', 'DESCRIPTION', 'MEDIUM', '3/17/82', 'Outdoor', 'AGENCY', 'BRAND', 'NO.', 'April', 'THRU', 'July', 'SPACE', 'CONTINGENCY', '1,680', '2.000.00', 'TOTAL', 'APPROVALS', 'Agency', 'Product', 'Media', 'Sales', 'Marketing', 'Executive', 'Accounting', 'REMARKS:', 'ADVERTISING AND SELLING AUTHORIZATION', 'NYO 09 (10-81)', 'The American Tobacco Company DIVISION OF AMERICAN BRANDS INC. 265 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 00267', 'DO NOT MAKE ANY COMMITMENT OR AUTHORIZE ANY EXPENDITURE OF ANY KIND FOR. ACCOUNT OF THIS COMPANY UNTIL EXECUTIVE APPROVAL HAS BEEN OBTAINED HEREON.', 'corporate Media Department', '30 sheet Posters (White Background)', 'LUCKY STRIKE LOW Tar Filters Box- 100%', 'PERIOD. FROM', 'ENTER ESTIMATES OF AMOUNTS TO BE EXPENDED BY MONTHS UNDER "REMARKS" OR ON ATTACHMENT. MAXIMUM EXPENDITURES AUTHORIZED', '1,600 posters plus 5% overrun (80) $ 16.00 each', '$ 26,880,00', '$ 28,880.00', 'For posting in Cincinnati, Covington and Tampa/St. Petersburg.', 'Posters are captioned for identification, "LUCKY STRIKES AGAIN (printed in red) with the word "New" printed in a snipe effect in the upper left corner. These posters have a white background and will be further identified as such in order to differentiate from a second design which will have a solid red background with white lettering.', 'Posters are printed six colors (four color process and two impressions of red) on white 70# outdoor poster paper.', 'Budget Allocation', 'Authorization No.', 'M- 49', 'L- 3a', 'Estimated Freight Charges', 'DISPLAY MATERIAL', 'MECHANICAL PRODUCTION', 'ART WORK', 'AIR TIME', '30 Sheet Posters ']

['question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'question', 'header', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'header', 'other', 'header', 'other', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'other', 'other', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'answer', 'answer', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question', 'question']


Add support for time, date, duration, and decimal dtypes

Add support for the pyarrow time (maps to `datetime.time` in python), date (maps to `datetime.time` in python), duration (maps to `datetime.timedelta` in python), and decimal (maps to `decimal.decimal` in python) dtypes. This should be helpful when writing scripts for time-series datasets.


Update README.md

Update license and little things concerning ANLI


Pin torchmetrics to fix the COMET test

Torchmetrics 0.7.0 got released and has issues with `transformers` (see https://github.com/PyTorchLightning/metrics/issues/770)

I'm pinning it to 0.6.0 in the CI, since 0.7.0 makes the COMET metric test fail. COMET requires torchmetrics==0.6.0 anyway.


Update README.md

Adding information from the git repo and paper that were missing


No module named 'fsspec.archive'

bug

Something isn't working

## Describe the bug
Cannot import datasets after installation.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```shell
$ python
Python 3.9.7 (default, Sep 16 2021, 13:09:58)
[GCC 7.5.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import datasets
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/__init__.py", line 34, in <module>
    from .arrow_dataset import Dataset, concatenate_datasets
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_dataset.py", line 61, in <module>
    from .arrow_writer import ArrowWriter, OptimizedTypedSequence
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 28, in <module>
    from .features import (
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/features/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .audio import Audio
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/features/audio.py", line 7, in <module>
    from ..utils.streaming_download_manager import xopen
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/utils/streaming_download_manager.py", line 18, in <module>
    from ..filesystems import COMPRESSION_FILESYSTEMS
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/filesystems/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from . import compression
  File "/home/shuchen/miniconda3/envs/hf/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/filesystems/compression.py", line 5, in <module>
    from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'fsspec.archive'
```


Revisit `enable/disable_` toggle function prefix

enhancement

New feature or request

As discussed in https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/15167, we should revisit the `enable/disable_` toggle function prefix, potentially in favor of `set_enabled_`. Concretely, this translates to

- De-deprecating `disable_progress_bar()`
- Adding `enable_progress_bar()`
- On the caching side, adding `enable_caching` and `disable_caching`

Additional decisions have to be made with regards to the existing `set_enabled_X` functions; that is, whether to keep them as is or deprecate them in favor of the aforementioned functions.

cc @mariosasko @lhoestq


Datasets streaming + map doesn't work for `Audio`

bug

Something isn't working

duplicate

This issue or pull request already exists

This seems related to https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/issues/3505.

## Describe the bug
When using audio datasets in streaming mode, applying a `map(...)` before iterating leads to an error as the key `array` does not exist anymore.

## Steps to reproduce the bug

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("common_voice", "en", streaming=True, split="train")

def map_fn(batch):
    print("audio keys", batch["audio"].keys())
    batch["audio"] = batch["audio"]["array"][:100]
    return batch

ds = ds.map(map_fn)

sample = next(iter(ds))
```

I think the audio is somehow decoded before `.map(...)` is actually called.

## Expected results

IMO, the above code snippet should work.

## Actual results

```bash
audio keys dict_keys(['path', 'bytes'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./run_audio.py", line 15, in <module>
    sample = next(iter(ds))
  File "/home/patrick/python_bin/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 341, in __iter__
    for key, example in self._iter():
  File "/home/patrick/python_bin/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 338, in _iter
    yield from ex_iterable
  File "/home/patrick/python_bin/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 192, in __iter__
    yield key, self.function(example)
  File "./run_audio.py", line 9, in map_fn
    batch["input"] = batch["audio"]["array"][:100]
KeyError: 'array'
```

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version: 1.17.1.dev0
- Platform: Linux-5.3.0-64-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.17
- Python version: 3.8.12
- PyArrow version: 6.0.1


dataset-viewer

Related to the dataset viewer on huggingface.co

## Dataset viewer issue for '*name of the dataset*'

**Link:** *link to the dataset viewer page*

*short description of the issue*

Am I the one who added this dataset ? Yes-No


Add The Medical Segmentation Decathlon Dataset

dataset request

Requesting to add a new dataset

## Adding a Dataset
- **Name:** *The Medical Segmentation Decathlon Dataset*
- **Description:** The underlying data set was designed to explore the axis of difficulties typically encountered when dealing with medical images, such as small data sets, unbalanced labels, multi-site data, and small objects.
- **Paper:** [link to the dataset paper if available](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05735)
- **Data:** http://medicaldecathlon.com/
- **Motivation:** Hugging Face seeks to democratize ML for society. One of the growing niches within ML is the ML + Medicine community. Key data sets will help increase the supply of HF resources for starting an initial community.

(cc @osanseviero @abidlabs )

Instructions to add a new dataset can be found [here](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/ADD_NEW_DATASET.md).


conll 2003 dataset source url is no longer valid

bug

Something isn't working

dataset bug

A bug in a dataset script provided in the library

## Describe the bug
Loading `conll2003` dataset fails because it was removed (just yesterday 1/14/2022) from the location it is looking for.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
from datasets import load_dataset

load_dataset("conll2003")
```

## Expected results
The dataset should load.

## Actual results
It is looking for the dataset at `https://github.com/davidsbatista/NER-datasets/raw/master/CONLL2003/train.txt` but it was removed from there yesterday (see [commit](https://github.com/davidsbatista/NER-datasets/commit/9d8f45cc7331569af8eb3422bbe1c97cbebd5690) that removed the file and related [issue](https://github.com/davidsbatista/NER-datasets/issues/8)).

- We should replace this with an alternate valid location.
- this is being referenced in the huggingface course chapter 7 [colab notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/master/course/chapter7/section2_pt.ipynb), which is also broken.

```python
FileNotFoundError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-27c956bec93c> in <module>()
      1 from datasets import load_dataset
      2
----> 3 raw_datasets = load_dataset("conll2003")

11 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py in get_from_cache(url, cache_dir, force_download, proxies, etag_timeout, resume_download, user_agent, local_files_only, use_etag, max_retries, use_auth_token, ignore_url_params)
    610             )
    611         elif response is not None and response.status_code == 404:
--> 612             raise FileNotFoundError(f"Couldn't find file at {url}")
    613         _raise_if_offline_mode_is_enabled(f"Tried to reach {url}")
    614         if head_error is not None:

FileNotFoundError: Couldn't find file at https://github.com/davidsbatista/NER-datasets/raw/master/CONLL2003/train.txt
```

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version:
- Platform:
- Python version:
- PyArrow version:


First Principles Optimization of Mass-producible Microscaled Linear Quadrupoles for Operation in Higher Stability Regions

In recent years, there has been a desire to scale down linear quad-rupoles. The key advantages of this miniaturization are the por-tability it enables and the reduction of pump-power needed due to the relaxation on operational pressure. Various attempts at making microscaled linear quadrupoles met with varying degrees of success [1-2]. Producing these devices involved some com-bination of precision machining or microfabrication and down-stream assembly. For miniature quadrupole mass filters to be mass-produced cheaply and efficiently, manual assembly should be removed from the process.A purely microfabricated quadrupole mass filter comprising a planar design and a rectangular electrode geometry is proposed. Quadrupole resolution is inversely-proportional to the square of the electrode length, thus favoring a planar design since electrodes can be made quite long. Rectangular rods are considered since that is the most amenable geometric shape for planar microfabri-cation. This deviation from the conventional round rod geometry calls for optimization and analysis. Electrode designs were pa-rameterized, and the potential fields were solved using Maxwell 3D (Figure 1). The fields were decomposed using a multipole ex-pansion to examine the higher-order coefficients (Figure 2). This process was used to minimize the significant high-order terms, thus optimizing the design and determining the ultimate limita-tions of the device.Higher-order field contributions arising from geometric non-ide-alities lead to non-linear resonances. These resonances manifest as peak splitting that is typically observed in quadrupole mass spectra. Reported work involving linear quadrupoles operated in the second stability region show improved peak shape without these splits [3]. It is believed that operating the device in the second stability region will provide a means to overcome the non-linear resonances introduced by the square electrode geometry. This study was conducted to justify a fully microfabricated, mass-producible, MEMS linear quadrupole mass filter. Successful im-plementation of such devices will lead into arrayed configurations for parallel analysis and aligned quadrupoles operated in tandem for enhanced resolution.


A Single-gated Open Architecture carbon nanotube Array for Efficient Field Ionization

Mass spectrometers require a suitable ionizer to be able to discern the chemical composition of the sample that they are analyzing. Traditional ionizers for gases use either chemical ionization (CI) or electron impact ionization (EI). In the latter case, electrons from thermionic sources produce ions by colliding with neutral molecules. More efficient carbon nanotube-based field emitted electron impact ionizers have been developed [1]. However, one of the drawbacks of electron impact ionization is that the sam-ple is transformed into fragmentation products. Several samples could have similar fragmentation spectra but be quite different compounds, with radically different properties (for example, one substance can be a poisonous agent while another is a harmless material). Therefore, an approach to reduce the fragmentation products would improve the informational power of the mass spectrometer.Field ionization soft-ionizes molecules, thus reducing the frag-mentation products. In the field ionization scheme, ions are cre-ated by directly tunneling electrons from the outer shell of neutral molecules by virtue of a very high electric field [2]. The electric field is produced by high aspect ratio field enhancers and the ap-plication of a large (up to 1 kV) bias voltage. Carbon nanotubes are ideal field enhancers because of their high aspect ratio and their reduced tip radius. A good field ionizer should work in the field-limited regime instead of the molecular flux-limited regime, where all the molecules that approach the high field region are thus ionized. In the case of the electron impact ionizers, a closed architecture is implemented because it is intended to protect the field enhancers from back streaming ions [3]. Therefore, an open architecture, where the field enhancers surround a through-hole, is a more suitable approach to produce field ionization. We plan to implement a single-gated field ionizer array with an open ar-chitecture. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the open architecture concept. Figure 2 shows a cross section of the device. Current research effort focuses on device characterization.


A Fully Micro-fabricated Planar Array of Electrospray Emitters for Space-propulsion Applications

Electrospray thrusters work by extracting ions or charged droplets di-rectly from a liquid surface using an electrostatic field and accelerating them in that field to produce thrust [1]. This method could lead to more efficient and precise thrusters for space propulsion applications. Emission occurs from sharp emitter tips, which enhance the electric field and constrain the emission location. The electrospray process limits the thrust from a single tip. To get into the millinewton range will require an array with tens of thousands of emitters. Batch micro-fabrication is well suited to making this array.We have designed, built, and tested a thruster made in silicon using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and wafer-bonding technology (see Figure 1). This thruster comprises two components. The emitter die has up to 517 emitters in a 0.75 cm2 area, formed using DRIE and SF6 etching, and is plasma treated so that liquid can be transported to the tips in a porous black silicon surface layer. The extractor die incor-porates the extractor electrode, a Pyrex layer for insulation, and the springs, which are used to reversibly clamp the emitter die [2]. This versatile assembly method allows the extractor die to be reused with multiple emitter dies and potentially with emitter concepts radically different from the one we have experimented with.Figure 2 shows data collected when firing the thruster with the ionic liquid EMI-BF4. Measurable emissions occurred for extraction volt-ages down to 700 V. The current collected on the extractor electrode was less than 3% of the emitted current over a wide operating range and often less than 0.1 %. Beam-divergence half-angles were between 15 and 30 degrees, depending on the operating conditions. Emitted currents of 500 nA/emitter were observed in stable operation, for ex-pected thrusts of 25 nN/emitter. Time-of-flight measurements prove operation in the ion emission regime, which is most efficient for pro-pulsion.


A High-density Electron Source that Uses Un-gated Transistors for Ballasting

Electrons are field emitted from the surface of metals and semiconductors when the potential barrier (work function) that holds electrons within the metal or semiconductor is deformed by the application of a high electrostatic field. Field emitters use high aspect ratio structures with tips that have nanometer dimensions to produce a high electrostatic field with a low ap-plied voltage. We are implementing two types of field enhanc-ers: carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and silicon conical tips (Figure 1). Spatial variation of tip radius results in the spatial variation of the emission currents and non-uniform turn-on voltages. Small changes in the tip radius result in huge changes in the current density because of the exponential dependence of the emitted current on the bias voltage, as described by the Fowler-Nordheim theory. If the emitters are ballasted, the spatial non-uniformity can then be substantially decreased. Furthermore, ballasting individual emitters prevents destructive emission from the sharper tips allowing higher overall current emission because of the inclusion of duller tips. Ballasting also results in more reliable operation. The use of large resistors in series with the field emitters is an unattractive ballasting approach because of the resulting low emission currents and power dis-sipation in the resistors. A better approach for ballasting field emitters is the use of un-gated field effect transistors that ef-fectively provide high dynamic resistance with large saturation currents. In the past our research group demonstrated the use of a MOSFET to ballast the emission of electrons from silicon tips [1]. We plan to implement vertical un-gated transistors in series to the field emitters to obtain spatial uniformity in the current emission and I-V characteristics of the array [2]. The ballast structure is an n-doped, single-crystal silicon column, patterned using Deep Reactive Etching, and thinned using wet oxidation. Figure 2 shows a cross section of the un-gated transistors consisting of a 1-million elements in 1 cm2. The field emitters are formed on top of the columns. Current ef-forts focus on device testing.


Nanoelectromechanical Switches and Memories

The ability to change shape is a compelling attraction of molecu-lar semiconductors. Compared to rigid inorganic materials, mol-ecules are soft and malleable, and their conformational changes are essential to the functionality of biological systems. Applica-tions of nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) molecular devices in-clude memories and transistors: Information can be stored in the conformation of molecules, potentially leading to very high den-sity memories, and molecular transistors that change shape under bias could exhibit sub-threshold slopes of << 60 mV/decade [1]. Indeed, as an example of the potential of NEMs, voltage-gated ion channels possess sub-threshold slopes of approximately 15 mV/decade [2].Although many materials are available for NEM applications, carbon nanotubes exhibit low resistance and good mechanical properties. In this project, we are constructing an NEM testbed. The proposed design for our relay is shown in Figure 1. Nano-tubes are directly grown at the bottom of an electron-beam de-fined trench etched in Si. Leaving tube growth to the final step gives us better control of the nanotube and removes the need for additional steps that are required for the removal of surfac-tants and organics from the surface of the nanotubes. Because the nanotubes are vertically oriented, we are able to take advantage of the smallest size feature of the carbon nanotube, its diameter, which enables us to create dense arrays of relays for applications such as memory or logic devices. The vertical orientation allows NEM structures with very large aspect ratios. Theoretical results [3] have shown that increasing the aspect ratio of a carbon nano-tube reduces the voltage needed to pull in the nanotube, thereby reducing the power consumption. Furthermore, because of the ability to easily functionalize the surface of nanotubes, we can functionalize the tube with multiple charges to lower the pull-in voltage even further.


K08 . 1 - PERDIDA DE DIENTES DEBIDA A ACCIDENTE , EXTRACCION O ENF . PERIODONTAL LOCAL / Se solicita Protesis Parcial superior e inferior


Umpires

Top of the 1st

Coco Crisp grounded out to first.

None on with one out and Mike Aviles due up.

None on with two outs and David DeJesus due up.

Out

David DeJesus popped out to short to end the inning.

Bottom of the 1st

Play Type

Play

Single

Ian Kinsler singled to center.

Runner on first with none out and Michael Young due up.

Runner on second with none out and Michael Young at the plate.

Runners on first and second with none out and Josh Hamilton due up.

Stolen-base

Michael Young stole second.

Runners on second and third with none out and Josh Hamilton at the plate.

Runners on second and third with one out and Andruw Jones due up.

Bases loaded with one out and Hank Blalock due up.

Out

Hank Blalock sacrifice fly out to left scoring Ian Kinsler with two out.

Runners on first and second and Nelson Cruz due up.

Bases loaded with two outs and David Murphy due up.

Walk

David Murphy walked Michael Young scored on the play with two out.

Bases loaded and Taylor Teagarden due up.

Out

Taylor Teagarden struck out looking to end the inning.

Top of the 2nd

Play Type

Play

Single

Billy Butler singled to short.

Runner on first with none out and Mark Teahen due up.

Runner on first with one out and Mike Jacobs due up.

Home-run

Mike Jacobs one-out, two-run Home Run (4) to left scoring Billy Butler.

Out

Alberto Callaspo flied out to right.

None on with two outs and John Buck due up.

Out

John Buck grounded out catcher to first to end the inning.

Bottom of the 2nd

Play Type

Play

Out

Elvis Andrus flied out to right.

None on with one out and Ian Kinsler due up.

Home-run

Ian Kinsler one-out, solo Home Run (4) to left.

Out

Michael Young grounded out second to first.

None on with two outs and Josh Hamilton due up.

Out

Josh Hamilton struck out swinging to end the inning.

Top of the 3rd

Play Type

Play

Walk

Mitch Maier walked.

Runner on first with none out and Coco Crisp due up.

Out

Coco Crisp sacrifice bunt to pitcher.

Runner on second with one out and Mike Aviles due up.

Runner on second with two outs and David DeJesus due up.

Single

David DeJesus singled to second scoring Mitch Maier with two out.

Runner on first and Billy Butler due up.

Error-wild-pitch

David DeJesus advances to second on a wild pitch.

Runner on second with two outs and Billy Butler at the plate.

Out

Billy Butler grounded out short to first to end the inning.

Bottom of the 3rd

Play Type

Play

Out

Andruw Jones flied out to left.

None on with one out and Hank Blalock due up.

Out

Hank Blalock grounded out first to pitcher.

None on with two outs and Nelson Cruz due up.

Runner on first with two outs and David Murphy due up.

Out

David Murphy popped out to second to end the inning.

Top of the 4th

Play Type

Play

Single

Mark Teahen singled to right.

Runner on first with none out and Mike Jacobs due up.

Runner on third with one out and Alberto Callaspo due up.

Single

Alberto Callaspo singled to pitcher.

Runners on first and third with one out and John Buck due up.

Single

John Buck singled to right scoring Mark Teahen with one out.

Runners on first and second and Mitch Maier due up.

Runners on first and second with two outs and Coco Crisp due up.

Out

Coco Crisp popped out to second to end the inning.

Bottom of the 4th

Play Type

Play

Out

Taylor Teagarden struck out looking.

None on with one out and Elvis Andrus due up.

Out

Elvis Andrus grounded out third to first.

None on with two outs and Ian Kinsler due up.

Out

Ian Kinsler grounded out second to first to end the inning.

Top of the 5th

Play Type

Play

Out

Mike Aviles struck out swinging.

None on with one out and David DeJesus due up.

Home-run

David DeJesus one-out, solo Home Run (1) to right.

None on with two outs and Mark Teahen due up.

Out

Mark Teahen struck out looking to end the inning.

Bottom of the 5th

Play Type

Play

Out

Michael Young lined out to right.

None on with one out and Josh Hamilton due up.

None on with two outs and Andruw Jones due up.

Out

Andruw Jones struck out swinging to end the inning.

Top of the 6th

Play Type

Play

Out

Mike Jacobs struck out swinging.

None on with one out and Alberto Callaspo due up.

Out

Alberto Callaspo flied out to center.

None on with two outs and John Buck due up.

Runner on first with two outs and Mitch Maier due up.

Out

Mitch Maier struck out swinging to end the inning.

Bottom of the 6th

Play Type

Play

Out

Hank Blalock flied out to left.

None on with one out and Nelson Cruz due up.

Runner on first with one out and David Murphy due up.

Runner on first with two outs and Taylor Teagarden due up.

Out

Taylor Teagarden struck out swinging to end the inning.

Top of the 7th

Play Type

Play

Out

Coco Crisp grounded out pitcher to first.

None on with one out and Mike Aviles due up.

Out

Mike Aviles grounded out short to first.

None on with two outs and David DeJesus due up.

Single

David DeJesus singled to center.

Runner on first with two outs and Billy Butler due up.

Out

David DeJesus is thrown out at second to end the inning.

Bottom of the 7th

Play Type

Play

Out

Elvis Andrus struck out swinging.

None on with one out and Ian Kinsler due up.

Runner on first with one out and Michael Young due up.

Runner on first with two outs and Josh Hamilton due up.

Out

Josh Hamilton fouled out to third to end the inning.

Top of the 8th

Play Type

Play

Out

Billy Butler flied out to center.

None on with one out and Mark Teahen due up.

Out

Mark Teahen grounded out short to first.

None on with two outs and Mike Jacobs due up.

Out

Mike Jacobs flied out to right to end the inning.

Bottom of the 8th

Play Type

Play

Double

Andruw Jones doubled to left.

Runner on second with none out and Hank Blalock due up.

Single

Hank Blalock reached first on Mike Jacobs's fielding error.

Runners on first and third with none out and Nelson Cruz due up.

Out

Nelson Cruz grounded out second to first scoring Andruw Jones with one out.

Runner on second and David Murphy due up.

Runner on second with two outs and Taylor Teagarden due up.

Single

Pinch-Hitter Chris Davis singled to second scoring Hank Blalock with two out.

Runner on first and Elvis Andrus due up.

Runners on first and second with two outs and Ian Kinsler due up.

Out

Ian Kinsler flied out to right to end the inning.

Top of the 9th

Play Type

Play

Out

Alberto Callaspo flied out to center.

None on with one out and John Buck due up.

None on with two outs and Mitch Maier due up.

Out

Mitch Maier popped out to short to end the inning.

Bottom of the 9th

Play Type

Play

Home-run

WP: Frank Francisco (1-0); LP: Kyle Farnsworth (0-3).

Recap: Texas vs. Kansas City

Arlington, TX (Sports Network) - Michael Young belted a solo homer to left- center field in the bottom of the ninth inning to lift the Texas Rangers to a 6-5 victory over the Kansas City Royals in the final game of a three-game set.

Kyle Farnsworth (0-3) came in to pitch the home half of the ninth for the Royals with the tilt tied at five.

Young, the first batter of the frame, drove a 1-0 fastball over the left-center field wall to end the game.

Ian Kinsler also had a solo homer for the Rangers.

Right-handed veteran Vicente Padilla lasted five innings, giving up five runs on eight hits to take a no-decision for Texas.

Frank Francisco (1-0) pitched a scoreless ninth frame to collect the win.

Mike Jacobs and David DeJesus each hit a home run for the Royals, who won two of three games in the series.

"I'm glad we took two out of three [in the series], but we were in position to take all three.

We just weren't able to hold on to it out of the bullpen," Royals manager Trey Hillman said.

Kyle Davies allowed three runs on as many hits while striking out eight and walking five in a six-inning start for Kansas City.

Trailing 5-3 in the eighth, Texas scored twice in the frame to knot the game at five.

Andruw Jones doubled to center field to lead off.

Hank Blalock setup a first and third after reaching base on a fielding error by first baseman Jacobs.

Jamey Wright then replaced Ron Mahay on the mound.

Nelson Cruz grounded out to second, but scored Jones on the play and moved Blalock to second.

Following a David Murphy fly out, pinch-hitter Chris Davis singled to knock in Blalock.

Elvis Andrus singled, but Kinsler's fly out ended the inning.

The Rangers put two runs on the board in the first inning to take an early lead.

Kinsler singled to center to lead off before Young walked.

After Josh Hamilton went down swinging, Jones walked to load the bases.

Blalock hit a sacrifice fly to left to score Kinsler.

Following a Cruz walk, David Murphy walked to force home Young.

Taylor Teagarden was called out on strikes to end the frame.

Kansas City responded in the second with two runs of their own.

Billy Butler got the frame started with a single, then Mark Teahen struck out.

Jacobs belted a home run over the left-field wall to deadlock the tilt at two.

Texas regained the lead in the home half of the frame on Kinsler's solo homer to left field.

The Royals scored one run in the third, fourth, and fifth frame to take a 5-3 lead.

DeJesus' single scored Mitch Maier with two outs in the third, Buck's single knocked in Teahen with one out in the fourth, and DeJesus smacked a solo home run to right field with one down in the fifth.

"It was big for us to come back and bounce back the day before going on the road and get a win," Davis said. "

It was a close game the whole way, back-and- forth.

We hung in there to the end and got a walk-off win."


Brainstem encephalitis caused by Coxiella burnetii.

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, which rarely causes neurologic symptoms.

We describe a patient who presented with progressive sensory changes, dizziness, and motor weakness.

The cerebrospinal fluid revealed pleocytosis, and MRI indicated the presence of a diffuse brain stem lesion.

An indirect immunofluorescence test revealed antibodies against C. burnetii.

The symptoms improved with antibiotics against C. burnetii.

Q fever should be considered as a possible etiology of brainstem encephalitis.


Brain injury-related fatalities in American football, 1945-1999.

Brain injuries have been the most common direct cause of death among American football players since the annual recording of football-related deaths began in 1931.

This study examines the 55-year experience with brain injury-related fatalities in American football from 1945 to 1999, including not only the incidence but also the cause of death in discrete 5-year spans to focus on the variables that have either increased or decreased fatalities.

In addition, we describe the types of injuries that have occurred, the activities in which the players were engaged at the time of injury, the level of play involved, and whether the injuries occurred during games or in practice sessions.

Data were collected nationwide regarding football fatalities in all organized football programs in public schools and in college, professional, and youth programs by conducting personal interviews and eliciting responses to questionnaires.

The information collected included demographic data about the injured player, equipment data, injury type and body part involved, and pertinent information regarding the exact circumstances of the accident.

We found that a total of 497 brain injury-related fatalities occurred among American football players during the period from 1945 through 1999.

The causes of death were brain injuries in 69% of the cases, cervical spine injuries in 16%, and other injuries in 15%.

Subdural hematoma was the type of injury associated with the majority (429, 86%) of brain injury-related fatalities.

A majority (61%) of the brain injury-related fatalities occurred during participation in football games, and 75% of these were high school players.

It should be noted that the number of high school football players is far greater (more than 1 million) than the number of either college (approximately 75,000) or professional (approximately 2000) players.

The most frequent on-field activity involved when players sustained their fatal injuries was either tackling or being tackled (35%).

Brain injury-related fatalities accounted for 69% of all football fatalities from 1945 through 1999.

The greatest number and percentage of brain injury-related fatalities occurred during the 5-year span from 1965 through 1969, and the smallest number and percentage occurred during the 2 decades from 1975 through 1994.

Most brain injury-related fatalities involved a subdural hematoma sustained by high school football players while either tackling or being tackled in a game.

In the 2 decades from 1975 through 1994, there was a dramatic reduction in these fatalities, and the preventive measures that have received most of the credit are 1) the 1976 rule change that prohibits initial contact with the head and face when blocking and tackling and 2) the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment helmet standard, which went into effect in colleges in 1978 and in high schools in 1980.


It is known that seeds, cereals, flours and fertilizers are generally stored in rather high reservoirs known as silos, whose general shape is cylindrical or prismatic.

These silos are loaded from the top and emptied at the bottom by the extraction of the ensilaged products, which are then fed into a screw conveyor, a chain conveyor, a belt or pneumatic conveyor or else loaded onto a vehicle in bulk.

Delivering ensilaged products to a conveyor or a vehicle is rather difficult to guarantee, especially in the case of pulverulent products because of their very poor flow characteristics.

The first silos used for this operation had conical-shaped bottoms.

The walls converged downwards to an orifice for the discharge of ensilaged products.

The advantage of this type of construction is that it facilitates the flow of products to the outlet, which travel along the inclined wall of the bottom cone, are extracted from the silo, fall by gravity to fill a conveyor or load a truck.

Nevertheless, there are two disadvantages to this first form of construction: first, over the entire height of the bottom cone of each silo, the loss of useful volume for product storage, as compared to the volume of a flat-bottom silo of the same height and the same section, is equal to twice the interior volume of the bottom cone.

Second, it is clear that the silo can not rest on the ground on its conical bottom portion; consequently, is must be provided with a strong bottom support, which unfortunately increases considerably the price of the silo installed at the operation site.

A flat bottom silo was first designed to eliminate the considerable loss in useful volume of the silo due to the conical outlet at the bottom.

The products were emptied by means of and along an Archimedean screw, mounted horizontally above the bottom of the silo and on a diameter of the latter; the said extraction screw rotating on its longitudinal axis and simultaneously pivoting around the vertical symmetry axis of the silo.

Because of the double rotation of the Archimedean screw, the ensilaged products are carried to an outlet orifice provided either in the silo bottom or at the base of its vertical lateral wall.

This second construction also has its disadvantage.

The Archimedean screw supports the entire mass of products; consequently, the torque needed for its movement has to be considerable, especially for high density, poor flow products (plaster or fertilizer, for example).

Because of this fact, the Archimedean screw soon becomes unusable in favorable conditions.

To overcome these drawbacks, a flat-bottom silo was then designed, having above its bottom portion a conical deflector, its apex turned toward the top of the silo and its lateral wall connected to a vibrating motor.

When this vibrator is turned on, the ensilaged products flow regularly and continuously along the deflector, fall to its base and onto the wall of a conical receiver located under the deflector and equipped with a central opening for the extraction of products.

The first disadvantage of this third design is that the conical receiver at its extreme bottom part constitutes a considerable loss in useful volume for the silo.

It is quite true that the height of the receiver is definitely less than that of the cone terminating the bottom part of the silo in the first design, but, nevertheless, the loss in useful volume still exists and this characteristic is always unfortunate, for it must be remembered that the characteristic property of a silo is that it is able to store a maximum volume of products.

The second and far more important disadvantage of this third design has already been discussed in the preceding paragraphs: Since a vibrating deflector placed above a conical receiver is used at the bottom part of the silo, it is obvious that such a silo can not be directly placed on the ground.

The same support system as the one mentioned above has to be implemented, increasing, on the one hand, the silo cost, and the support system constituting, on the other hand, another loss in useful volume since it is impossible to store products over the entire overall height of the silo.

1 165 985, there is also a fourth type of silo construction, in which the emptying apparatus is composed of discharge conveyors in the form of bands or belts.

In this type of construction, the silo is of irregular section, an upper cylinder extending downwards by means of a step in the form of a parallelepipedic foot.

The arrangement of this foot, corresponding to a widening of the silo base, is necessary to decompress the ensilaged products in the zone where they are delivered to the conveyors.

The drawback of this fourth construction is obvious.

It is particularly costly because, from the architectural point of view, it is much more complicated to design a cylinder resting on a parallelepiped than a cylinder alone, the latter being the easiest shape to construct where silos are concerned.

To overcome this structural difficulty, a further silo design was adopted, entirely cylindrical and flat-bottomed, such as the one described in German patent application No.

In a construction of this type, in the bottom portion of the silo, above its bottom surface, there is a conical deflector joined to counter-bibs provided on the inner face of the vertical silo wall, level with the deflector.

This facilitates the flow of ensilaged products by a kind of baffle arrangement.

This fifth construction still has two major drawbacks which are inherent to the actual design of the baffle arrangement.

In the first place, the ensilaged products are progressively compressed while flowing, necessarily causing irregular flow and poor operation of the extraction device.

In the second place, the extraction means provided in the fifth device is composed of a moving extractor placed downstream of a fixed horizontal table in the shape of a circular ring, this table being backed against the deflector base or against the vertical wall base.

Due to this horizontal table arrangement, it is obvious that a portion of the materials to be extracted will stagnate on the table and form a residual volume ressembling a sloping heap, partly supported on the table and partly backed against the vertical wall of the deflector or silo.

There is no way to extract this heap from the silo, unless an additional manual operation is put into effect outside the silo.

In other words, the drawback of this fifth construction is that it causes a large portion of the products to stagnate on the fixed table to the point of rotting unless workmen use rakes to extract them.


Giant Bomb Presents: Persona 5 Spoilercast

Alex and Ben sit down to discuss everything Persona 5.

They leave no stone unturned as they get into everything from best dungeon, to best music, to best girl.

Giant Bomb Presents is giantbomb.com's home for interviews, previews, and more.


Now I have to take off my shoes or boots to get on an airplane!

Ora devo togliermi le scarpe o gli stivali per salire su un aeroplano!


(Laughter) we were driving from our home in Nashville to a little farm we have 50 miles east of Nashville. Driving ourselves. (Laughter)

Poco dopo che Tipper ed io lasciammo la Casa Bianca, guidavamo da casa nostra, a Nashville, verso una piccola fattoria che abbiamo a 50 miglia ad est di Nashville.


yeah and how about how about like on the weekends do you do sports or do you go out


In general, six elements appear  purpose, type of data collected, method of data collection, design, method of data analysis, and reporting.

Purpose is not one of the six elements listed here.


maybe adult literacy maybe you know composition writing maybe you know uh volunteering you know on a tutor line or though the even through the elementary schools for help with homework or the other part of me says is God i've had enough kids  do i really

maybe I could volunteer to help with adult literacy or homework help for elementary schools but on the other hand, I've already had children


A student visa overstayer is not going to be a high priority for pro bono assistance.

A student visa overstayer will be high priority.


This northern beach of magnificent tan sand is most agreeably reached by boat.


There's a lot of villas all the way along, but by degrees they seemed to get more and more thinned out, and in the end we got to one that seemed the last of the bunch.

There's a lot of huge villas all the way along, but they seemed to get more and more thinned out and bigger and bigger until we reached the largest and most secluded one that seemed to be the last.


so it's it's changing and the summers are getting hot and the winters are cold but i guess i can live with it

It can get up to 30 degrees Celsius in the summer.


There is no tradition of clothes criticism that includes serious analysis, or even of costume criticism among theater, ballet, and opera critics, who do have an august writerly heritage.


Jon drew it out and stabbed again in the man's throat.

Jon stabbed the man in the throat once and then stabbed the man in the chest.


@CherninJonathan You got it. I know you always retweet my stuff and you are a HUGE REAL DIEHARD #Mets fan so I got you #LGM


#mETS FANS LET'S GET MY MAN TO THE NUMBER OF RETWEETS NEEDED! #LGM


Let's make it 18 out of 20 tomorrow with me in the building POSITIVE #Mets Fans!  #LGM @StevenACohen2 #LFGM


NEW YORK METS DUCK CAMO now available from KICKINGITATX  #newdrop #kickingitatx #texas #mlb #newyorkmets #mets #lgm #queens #newyork #duck #camo #hatcrawler #fitted #newerahat #strictlyfitted #neweracaps #speakwithyourcap   https://t.co/3TYgvFAl0T


I want to see they talk about gloves when we face the Dodgers and from 1 to 9 everyone is capable of driving in runs. The postseason is something else, it's producing, it's another mentality. It is understood?   #Mets #LGM #MLB


i can go from feeling so hopeless to so damned hopeful just from being around someone who cares and is awake


im grabbing a minute to post i feel greedy wrong


i am ever feeling nostalgic about the fireplace i will know that it is still on the property


i am feeling grouchy


ive been feeling a little burdened lately wasnt sure why that was


ive been taking or milligrams or times recommended amount and ive fallen asleep a lot faster but i also feel like so funny


i feel as confused about life as a teenager or as jaded as a year old man


i have been with petronas for years i feel that petronas has performed well and made a huge profit


Serge Ibaka -- the Oklahoma City Thunder forward who was born in the Congo but played in Spain -- has been granted Spanish citizenship and will play for the country in EuroBasket this summer, the event where spots in the 2012 Olympics will be decided.

ROOT
Serge Ibaka
the Oklahoma City Thunder
forward
who
was born
in the Congo
but played
in Spain
has been granted
Spanish
citizenship
and will play
for the country
in EuroBasket
this summer
the event
where
spots
in the 2012 Olympics
will be decided

subj dep advmod subj rcmod ROOT in conj in ROOT amod dobj conj for in tmod dobj advmod subj in rcmod ROOT

Serge Ibaka
Oklahoma City Thunder
Congo
Spain
Spanish
citizenship
country
EuroBasket
event
event
spots
2012 Olympics

Serge Ibaka has been granted Spanish citizenship and will play in EuroBasket.

Ibaka granted Spanish citizenship, will play in EuroBasket

ROOT Serge Ibaka -- the Oklahoma City Thunder forward who was born in the Congo but played in Spain -- has been granted Spanish citizenship and will play for the country in EuroBasket this summer , the event where spots in the 2012 Olympics will be decided .

nn nsubjpass p det nn nn dep advmod nsubjpass auxpass rcmod prep det pobj cc conj prep pobj p aux auxpass ROOT amod dobj cc aux conj prep det pobj prep pobj det tmod p det dobj advmod nsubjpass prep det num pobj aux auxpass rcmod p


MILAN -Catania held Roma to a 1-1 draw in Serie A on Wednesday as the teams played out the remaining 25 minutes of a game that was called off last month.

ROOT
MILAN
Catania
held
Roma
1
1
to a draw
in Serie A
on Wednesday
the teams
as played out
remaining
the 25 minutes
of a game
that
was called off
last
month

nn p subj ROOT dobj nn p prep to in tmod subj as ROOT amod dobj of subj rcmod ROOT amod tmod

MILAN
Catania
Roma
draw
Serie a
teams
game
game

Catania held Roma to a 1 1 draw in Serie A.

Catania holds Roma to 1-1 draw in Serie a

ROOT MILAN - Catania held Roma to a 1 - 1 draw in Serie A on Wednesday as the teams played out the remaining 25 minutes of a game that was called off last month .

nn p nsubj ROOT dobj prep det nn p prep pobj prep nn pobj prep pobj mark det nsubj advcl prt det amod num dobj prep det pobj nsubjpass auxpass rcmod prt amod tmod p


State Street Corporation, a provider of investment servicing, investment management and investment research and trading services, has launched a new investment servicing solution to support small to mid-sized asset managers with their investment operations needs.

ROOT
State Street Corporation
a provider
investment
of servicing
investment
management
investment
and research
trading
and services
has launched
new
investment
servicing
a solution
to support
small
to
mid-sized
asset
managers
investment
operations
with their needs

subj appos nn of nn conj nn conj nn conj ROOT amod nn nn dobj xcomp amod dep amod nn dobj nn nn with

State Street Corporation
State Street Corporation
investment servicing
investment management
investment research
trading services
investment servicing solution
asset managers
State Street Corporation
investment operations needs

State Street Corporation, has launched a new investment servicing solution.

State Street launches new investment servicing solution

ROOT State Street Corporation , a provider of investment servicing , investment management and investment research and trading services , has launched a new investment servicing solution to support small to mid-sized asset managers with their investment operations needs .

nn nn nsubj p det appos prep nn pobj p nn conj cc nn conj cc nn conj p aux ROOT det amod nn nn dobj aux xcomp amod dep amod nn dobj prep poss nn nn pobj p


Massey Energy, the fourth largest coal company in the country, could have its corporate charter revoked if public interest organizations have their way.

ROOT
Massey Energy
fourth
largest
the coal company
in the country
could have
corporate
its charter
revoked
public
interest
organizations
if have
their way

subj advmod amod appos in ROOT amod dobj partmod amod nn subj if ROOT dobj

Massey Energy Company
Massey Energy Company
country
Massey Energy Company
corporate charter
public interest organizations
public interest organizations
way

Massey Energy, the coal company, could have its corporate charter revoked.

Coal company Massey could have corporate charter revoked

ROOT Massey Energy , the fourth largest coal company in the country , could have its corporate charter revoked if public interest organizations have their way .

nn nsubj p det advmod amod nn appos prep det pobj p aux ROOT poss amod dobj partmod mark amod nn nsubj advcl poss dobj p


Foundation for MetroWest has awarded $55,000 in grants to 37 food pantries across the region, drawing on two of its funds that provide winter assistance to families in need.

ROOT
Foundation
for MetroWest
has awarded
$ 55,000
in grants
food
to 37 pantries
across the region
drawing
on two
of its funds
that
provide
winter
assistance
to families
in need

subj for ROOT dobj in nn to across partmod on of subj rcmod ROOT nn dobj to in

Foundation
MetroWest
grants
food pantries
region
two
Foundation
funds
funds
winter assistance
families
need

Foundation for MetroWest has awarded $ 55,000 in grants to 37 food pantries across the region.

Foundation for MetroWest awards grants to 37 food pantries across region

ROOT Foundation for MetroWest has awarded $ 55,000 in grants to 37 food pantries across the region , drawing on two of its funds that provide winter assistance to families in need .

nsubj prep pobj aux ROOT dobj num prep pobj prep num nn pobj prep det pobj p partmod prep pobj prep poss pobj nsubj rcmod nn dobj prep pobj prep pobj p


Wong won't rule out super raid Updated: 08:17, Tuesday March 26, 2013 Finance Minister Penny Wong has declined to rule out axing tax concessions for superannuation in the May budget.

ROOT
Wong
wo n't rule out
super
raid
Updated
08:17
Tuesday
March 26
Finance Minister
2013 Penny Wong
has declined
to rule out
axing
tax
concessions
for superannuation
May
in the budget

subj ccomp ROOT amod dobj partmod dep tmod subj title dep ROOT xcomp xcomp nn dobj for nn in

Wong
raid
Penny Wong
Penny Wong
tax concessions
superannuation
budget

Wong won't rule out super raid.

Wong won't rule out super raid

ROOT Wong wo n't rule out super raid Updated : 08:17 , Tuesday March 26 , 2013 Finance Minister Penny Wong has declined to rule out axing tax concessions for superannuation in the May budget .

nsubj aux neg ccomp prt amod dobj partmod p dep p nn nsubj num p num nn title nn dep aux ROOT aux xcomp prt xcomp nn dobj prep pobj prep det nn pobj p

Wong won't rule out super raid.


TINY 'robots' that can be dropped into an industrial process to report any problems are being developed by a Woolston company.

ROOT
TINY
robots
that
can be dropped
industrial
into an process
to report
any problems
are being developed
Woolston
by a company

nn subj subj rcmod ROOT amod into xcomp dobj ROOT nn by

tiny
robots
robots
industrial process
problems
woolston
company

TINY robots are being developed by a company.

Tiny robots developed by company

ROOT TINY ' robots ' that can be dropped into an industrial process to report any problems are being developed by a Woolston company .

nn p nsubjpass p nsubjpass aux auxpass rcmod prep det amod pobj aux xcomp det dobj aux auxpass ROOT prep det nn pobj p


Jordan and South Korea have pledged to cooperate on nuclear regulatory issues as part of an agreement signed on Saturday.

ROOT
Jordan
and South Korea
have pledged
to cooperate
nuclear
regulatory
on issues
as part
of an agreement
signed
on Saturday

subj conj ROOT xcomp amod amod on as of partmod tmod

Jordan
South Korean
nuclear regulatory issues
part
agreement

Jordan and South Korea have pledged to cooperate on regulatory issues.

Jordan, South Korea to cooperate on regulatory issues

ROOT Jordan and South Korea have pledged to cooperate on nuclear regulatory issues as part of an agreement signed on Saturday .

nsubj cc nn conj aux ROOT aux xcomp prep amod amod pobj prep pobj prep det pobj partmod prep pobj p


Just after the Fourth of July holiday, and only a week after the city's budget has been completed, City Council Member Robert Jackson will hold two town hall meetings in cooperation with several other Northern Manhattan elected officials.

ROOT
Just after the Fourth
July
of holiday
only
and a week
the city 's budget
after has been completed
City
Council
Member
Robert Jackson
will hold
town
hall
two meetings
in cooperation
several
other
Northern Manhattan
elected
with officials

after nn of advmod conj subj after nn nn title subj ROOT nn nn dobj in amod amod nn amod with

holiday
city
budget
City Council Member
Robert Jackson
town hall meetings
cooperation
Northern Manhattan
elected officials

Robert Jackson will hold two town hall meetings.

City Council Member Jackson to hold town hall meetings

ROOT Just after the Fourth of July holiday , and only a week after the city 's budget has been completed , City Council Member Robert Jackson will hold two town hall meetings in cooperation with several other Northern Manhattan elected officials .

advmod prep det pobj prep nn pobj p cc advmod det conj mark det poss ps nsubjpass aux auxpass dep p nn nn title nn nsubj aux ROOT num nn nn dobj prep pobj prep amod amod nn nn amod pobj p


Tim Cowlishaw made a bad joke and now the MMA blogosphere is lighting torches and sharpening pitchforks.

ROOT
Tim Cowlishaw
made
bad
a joke
now
MMA
the blogosphere
and is lighting
torches
and sharpening
pitchforks

subj ROOT amod dobj advmod nn subj conj dobj conj dobj

Tim Cowlishaw
jokes
MMA
blogosphere
torches
pitchforks

Tim Cowlishaw made a bad joke.

Tim Cowlishaw makes a bad joke

ROOT Tim Cowlishaw made a bad joke and now the MMA blogosphere is lighting torches and sharpening pitchforks .

nn nsubj ROOT det amod dobj cc advmod det nn nsubj aux conj dobj cc conj dobj p

Tim Cowlishaw made a bad joke.


In person it looks as though it would have cost a lot more.


Product received as described in the shipping time indicated; couldn't be happier - Thank You!!!


The handkerchiefs were just what I wanted - soft and not too thick, not too thin.


He was very pleased when he saw how neat the closet looked and how much easier it is for him to get his shoes off these racks without everything else falling off as well.


Good for someone who wants to save on cable and doesn't mind not having all the flashy channels.


Even when I wanted to put the book down because of some of the horrific content, I couldn't.


This is DEFINITELY a GREAT BUY... You won't go wrong...


With my Amazon prime I received this in free one day instead of the free two day for prime.


I was going on a trip from CA to upper MN recently and really wanted some type of lumbar support for the flight.


Context: This is the most common method of construction procurement and is well established and recognized. In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator. His or her role is to design the works, prepare the specifications and produce construction drawings, administer the contract, tender the works, and manage the works from inception to completion. There are direct contractual links between the architect's client and the main contractor. Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor. The procedure continues until the building is ready to occupy.

Question: There are direct contractual links between who?


Context: After strengthening his government in northern China, Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism. He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south. Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin. An unsuccessful naval expedition was undertaken against Japan in 1274. Kublai captured the Song capital of Hangzhou in 1276, the wealthiest city of China. Song loyalists escaped from the capital and enthroned a young child as Emperor Bing of Song. The Mongols defeated the loyalists at the battle of Yamen in 1279. The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty. The conquest of the Song reunited northern and southern China for the first time in three hundred years.

Question: What area was Kublai trying to capture by defending Xiangyang?


Context: The neighborhood of Sunnyside is on Fresno's far southeast side, bounded by Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue. Although parts of Sunnyside are within the City of Fresno, much of the neighborhood is a "county island" within Fresno County. Largely developed in the 1950s through the 1970s, it has recently experienced a surge in new home construction. It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club, which maintains a golf course designed by William P. Bell.

Question: Where is the home of the Sunnyside Country Club?


Context: The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency was its "duty". The concept of duty was first introduced by Watt in order to illustrate how much more efficient his engines were over the earlier Newcomen designs. Duty is the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal. The best examples of Newcomen designs had a duty of about 7 million, but most were closer to 5 million. Watt's original low-pressure designs were able to deliver duty as high as 25 million, but averaged about 17. This was a three-fold improvement over the average Newcomen design. Early Watt engines equipped with high-pressure steam improved this to 65 million.

Question: What was the ideal duty of a concept engine?


Context: Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control, yet scholars sometimes find it difficult to illustrate the difference between the two. Although imperialism and colonialism focus on the suppression of an other, if colonialism refers to the process of a country taking physical control of another, imperialism refers to the political and monetary dominance, either formally or informally. Colonialism is seen to be the architect deciding how to start dominating areas and then imperialism can be seen as creating the idea behind conquest cooperating with colonialism. Colonialism is when the imperial nation begins a conquest over an area and then eventually is able to rule over the areas the previous nation had controlled. Colonialism's core meaning is the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war. The meaning of imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region. Colonialism can completely change the existing social structure, physical structure and economics of an area; it is not unusual that the characteristics of the conquering peoples are inherited by the conquered indigenous populations.

Question: what do conquering people take away from native populations?


Context: Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill; a committee of the Parliament can present a bill in one of the areas under its remit; a member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer. Most draft laws are government bills introduced by ministers in the governing party. Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages:

Question: Who may also submit private bills to Parliament?

an outside proposer
an outside proposer
an outside proposer


O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy blaspheme thy name for ever?


Let each man stay in that calling in which he was called.


Turn again, we beg you, God of Armies. Look down from heaven, and see, and visit this vine,


It happened in those days that she fell sick, and died. When they had washed her, they laid her in an upper room.


If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave some gleaning grapes? if thieves by night, wouldn't they destroy until they had enough?


Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the LORD; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean.


Dear, Sr Annelise van Wyk at Parkview Intercare asked data regarding Forxiga - 1.Data in Type 1 Diabetics 2.Use with insulin in Type 2 Diabetes-safety and dosing of insulin Her email address is annelise.vanwyk@intercare.co.za.


Request: Nurse Practitioner had an off label question about HFpEF, and about any literature for initiating dosing at 5mg for HF, which I told her was not indicated in our HF prescribing information. Thank You


Request: What is the dosing algorithm for Farxiga and those on loop diuretics and chronic loop diuretics?


Request: Provider asked about use of metformin in DECLRE TRIAL, dosing and percentage of patients on it. Please provide this information.


Request: Is there a dosing schedule to wean a patient from insulin (Lantus) to Farxiga?

Adverse Event; Product Basic Information


Request: Is it possible to start dosing FXG from 10 mg?


AACE2019 Question: Interested in dosing of FARXIGA in T1DM. In addition, how you would titrate insulin when you add FARXIGA in T1DM?

FARXIGA-Use in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes


Request: Is there any data on dosing Farxiga 10mg BID? Please direct to Laura Showalter MSL.

INTERNAL MEDICINE - ENDOCRINOLOGY, DIABETES & METABOLISM


Greene Comparative Effectiveness of Dosing of Medical Therapy for Heart Failure: From the CHAMP-HF Registry

Full Article Request; Heart Failure; Product Related Request; Therapeutic Area Related Request

Comparative Effectiveness of Dosing of Medical Therapy for Heart Failure From the CHAMP-HF Registry


Context: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers (firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).

Question: What systems classify trade contractors?


Context: The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received official support from the Yuan government and were given special legal privileges. Kublai created the Imperial Academy of Medicine to manage medical treatises and the education of new doctors. Confucian scholars were attracted to the medical profession because it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues.

Question: Who were potachi?


Context: There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin. There is debate, however, over how extensive this reduction was. Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today. This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.

Question: There have been insignificant changes in the Amazon rain forest vegetation through the last what


Context: This shift has already commenced in some countries; for instance, pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews. In Canada, pharmacists in certain provinces have limited prescribing rights (as in Alberta and British Columbia) or are remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews (Medschecks in Ontario). In the United Kingdom, pharmacists who undertake additional training are obtaining prescribing rights and this is because of pharmacy education. They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews. In Scotland the pharmacist can write prescriptions for Scottish registered patients of their regular medications, for the majority of drugs, except for controlled drugs, when the patient is unable to see their doctor, as could happen if they are away from home or the doctor is unavailable. In the United States, pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy. Moreover, the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree is now required before entering practice and some pharmacists now complete one or two years of residency or fellowship training following graduation. In addition, consultant pharmacists, who traditionally operated primarily in nursing homes are now expanding into direct consultation with patients, under the banner of "senior care pharmacy."

Question: Who can't pay Australian pharmacists for doing Home Medicines Reviews?


Context: In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abolished, however, the term continues to be used to describe government schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups . Former "Model C" schools are not private schools, as they are state-controlled. All schools in South Africa (including both independent schools and public schools) have the right to set compulsory school fees, and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher school fees than other public schools.

Question: What was abolished during the apartheid era?


Context: There are hints in the surviving records of the ancient Egyptians that they had some knowledge of prime numbers: the Egyptian fraction expansions in the Rhind papyrus, for instance, have quite different forms for primes and for composites. However, the earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from the Ancient Greeks. Euclid's Elements (circa 300 BC) contain important theorems about primes, including the infinitude of primes and the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Euclid also showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes, attributed to Eratosthenes, is a simple method to compute primes, although the large primes found today with computers are not generated this way.

Question: What does the Sieve of Eratosthenes do?

compute primes
compute primes
compute primes
compute primes
compute primes


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.

Question: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?

Answer: Saint Bernadette Soubirous


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building?

Answer: a copper statue of Christ


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure?

Answer: the Main Building


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the Grotto at Notre Dame?

Answer: a Marian place of prayer and reflection


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame?

Answer: a golden statue of the Virgin Mary


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.

Question: When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?

Answer: September 1876


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?

Answer: twice


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called?

Answer: The Observer


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame?

Answer: three


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?

Answer: 1987


There is also anatomical and physiological evidence of fronto-striatal (Abell et al., 1999; Carper & Courchesne, 2005; Courchesne et al., 2001; McAlonan et al., 2005; Silk et al., 2006; Voelbel, Bates, Buckman, Pandina, & Hendren, 2006) and fronto-parietal dysfunction in autism (Just, Cherkassky, Keller, Kana, & Minshew, in press; Schmitz et al., 2006). Anatomical research suggests that children with autism have abnormally large frontal lobe volumes (Carper & Courchesne, 2000, 2005; Courchesne et al., 2001; Schmitz et al., 2006) that might reflect a lack of synaptogenesis early in life . There appears to be diminished grey matter in fronto-striatal and parietal networks although there is some debate as to whether anatomical abnormalities exist in the parietal lobes (Abell et al., 1999; Courchesne, Press, & Yeung-Courchesne, 1993; Koshino et al., 2005; McAlonan et al., 2002; Schmitz et al., 2006). Functionally, people with autism show a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in left prefrontal cortices . During response inhibition tasks, adults with autism show increased activation of the frontal and parietal cortices, compared with controls, despite showing normal behavioural performance on these tasks . Greater left hemisphere activity in the inferior and orbitofrontal cortices may indicate an alternative, compensatory mechanism in adult autism . The recruitment of additional areas of the brain to aid in task performance and to off-set the negative effects of a deficient network has been illustrated in recent studies, including those investigating aged individuals (Nielson, Langenecker, & Garavan, 2002) and first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia . Executive dysfunction in ADHD and autism may be related to the compromised workings of the fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits.


Equivocal evidence exists for sustained attention deficits in both ADHD and autism, although a greater amount of research has been directed at elucidating sustained attention deficits in ADHD, when compared with autism (e.g. Bellgrove, Hawi, Gill, & Robertson, 2006; Manly et al., 2001). Some researchers have argued that in order to show a deficit in sustained attention, a time-on-task effect for the number of errors must be shown (van den Bergh et al., 2006). In ADHD research, a number of studies have failed to show time-on-task effects with children with ADHD (Stins et al., 2005; van der Meere, Wekking, & Sergeant, 1991), although other studies have demonstrated significant deficits in performance over the duration of the task (Epstein et al., 2003; Heinrich et al., 2001; Johnson et al., 2007). Only a few studies have investigated sustained attention in children with autism. Most studies have used the continuous performance task (CPT) and reported intact sustained attention in autism. Unfortunately, RT was not recorded in three studies (Buchsbaum et al., 1992; Garretson, Fein, & Waterhouse, 1990; Siegel, Nuechterlein, Abel, Wu, & Buchsbaum, 1995), only median RT was analysed in one study (Noterdaeme, Amorosa, Mildenberger, Sitter, & Minow, 2001) and two studies used food or money as obvious (and thus attention-attracting) rewards every time a correct hit was made by the child (Garretson et al., 1990; Pascualvaca, Fantie, Papageorgiou, & Mirsky, 1998). One recent study has directly compared the performance of children with ADHD and HFA on the Integrated Visual and Auditory (IVA) Continuous Performance Test (IVA), a test that combines inattention and impulsivity in the visual and auditory domains (Corbett & Constantine, 2006). Unfortunately, the dependent variables for this task are a combination of re-weighted dependent variables (Corbett & Constantine, 2006). Nevertheless, this study found little difference in performance of the ADHD and HFA groups except on a measure containing elements of impulsivity, consistency of RT and sustained attention (VRCQ) (Corbett & Constantine, 2006). It is difficult to determine which element of the VRCQ was driving this difference in performance between the two groups. Thus, the nature of sustained attention deficits in autism remains to be fully determined. Error rates and RT performance both have the capability of furthering our understanding of sustained attention deficits in children with ADHD, with autism and in control children.


Recently we described a new procedure to analyse RT data to dissociate variability in RT into temporal components of fast (moment-to-moment) and slow variability using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) , based on the work of Castellanos et al. . The task employed was the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), which requires participants to withhold a response to an infrequent target and respond to all other stimuli . This task differs substantially from the traditional CPTs, in which participants monitor a stream of stimuli for the occurrence of an infrequent target, which by its very nature has an attention-arousing quality. Instead, the SART tests the ability of the participant to inhibit the automatised act of button pressing when the target appears. Withholding to a rare target, as opposed to responding to a rare target in CPT tasks, shifts the automatic response set to the non-targets. Successful withholding of the primed response places greater demand on the sustained attention system in order to interrupt the ongoing action (Bellgrove, Hawi, Kirley, Gill, & Robertson, 2005; Robertson et al., 1997). In addition, the SART provides an ample amount of time-series RT data for analysis using the FFT. Different forms of variance can be measured from the FFT spectrum, distinguishing distinct components of RT variability: gradual variability, which has a slow temporal characteristic and trial-to-trial variability, which has a fast temporal characteristic. In contrast, variability measured simply as standard deviation over a task run represents the combined influence of these components but provides no indication of relative contributions. Slow variability is thought to reflect declining arousal over the course of the task, whereas fast variability may reflect fluctuations in top-down attentional control .


The SART activates the same right fronto-parietal attentional network (Fassbender et al., 2004; Manly et al., 2003) that appears dysfunctional in ADHD and autism (Giedd, Blumenthal, Molloy, & Castellanos, 2001; McAlonan et al., 2005; Silk et al., 2005). In this study we employed fixed- and random-sequence versions of the SART. The Random SART has a greater response inhibition loading than the Fixed SART, due to the random stimuli presentation. The Fixed SART places a larger endogenous demand upon the sustained attention system, due to the predictability of the stimuli presentation. Errors of commission (responding to the no-go stimuli) on the Fixed SART primarily reflect lapses of sustained attention and to a lesser degree deficits in response inhibition. Commission errors on the Random SART reflect to a greater degree response inhibition deficits, in addition to lapses of sustained attention. Errors of omission (failure to respond to the go-stimuli) in either SART reflect a break from task engagement and thus are reflective of lapsing attention. The current study therefore employed both the fixed and random version of the SART to examine the dissociation between sustained attention and response inhibition in children with ADHD, autism and controls.


Twenty three children with ADHD (3 females), 21 children with HFA (1 female) and 18 control children (3 females) participated in the study (see Table 1). There was no significant difference between the mean ages or in IQ, as measured using four subtests (picture completion, vocabulary, information, block design) of the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (Weschler, 1992), between the three groups. The data of 15 of the children with ADHD and 5 controls had previously been published and these children were randomly chosen to match the children with HFA according to age and IQ .


Exclusion criteria for participation in the study included known neurological conditions or pervasive developmental disorders (apart from the presently studied disorders for each group), serious head injuries and below average intelligence (below 70 on the WISC-III) (Weschler, 1992). Control children were also excluded if they had first degree relatives with ADHD or HFA. Handedness was measured using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971).


The participants with ADHD and HFA were recruited as part of ongoing genetic studies (Gallagher, Hawi, Kearney, Fitzgerald, & Gill, 2004; Kirley et al., 2002). These participants were either referred by consultant psychiatrists or recruited through support groups.


The Vatican Apostolic Library (), more commonly called the Vatican Library or simply the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally established in 1475, although it is much older, it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.

The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.

In March 2014, the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts, to be made available online.

The Vatican Secret Archives were separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century; they contain another 150,000 items.

Scholars have traditionally divided the history of the library into five periods, Pre-Lateran, Lateran, Avignon, Pre-Vatican and Vatican.

The Pre-Lateran period, comprising the initial days of the library, dated from the earliest days of the Church. Only a handful of volumes survive from this period, though some are very significant.

Question: When was the Vat formally opened?


The Vatican Apostolic Library (), more commonly called the Vatican Library or simply the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally established in 1475, although it is much older, it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.

The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.

In March 2014, the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts, to be made available online.

The Vatican Secret Archives were separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century; they contain another 150,000 items.

Scholars have traditionally divided the history of the library into five periods, Pre-Lateran, Lateran, Avignon, Pre-Vatican and Vatican.

The Pre-Lateran period, comprising the initial days of the library, dated from the earliest days of the Church. Only a handful of volumes survive from this period, though some are very significant.

Q: When was the Vat formally opened?
A: It was formally established in 1475

Question: what is the library for?


The Vatican Apostolic Library (), more commonly called the Vatican Library or simply the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally established in 1475, although it is much older, it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.

The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.

In March 2014, the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts, to be made available online.

The Vatican Secret Archives were separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century; they contain another 150,000 items.

Scholars have traditionally divided the history of the library into five periods, Pre-Lateran, Lateran, Avignon, Pre-Vatican and Vatican.

The Pre-Lateran period, comprising the initial days of the library, dated from the earliest days of the Church. Only a handful of volumes survive from this period, though some are very significant.

Q: When was the Vat formally opened?
A: It was formally established in 1475

Q: what is the library for?
A: research

Question: for what subjects?


The Vatican Apostolic Library (), more commonly called the Vatican Library or simply the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally established in 1475, although it is much older, it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.

The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.

In March 2014, the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts, to be made available online.

The Vatican Secret Archives were separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century; they contain another 150,000 items.

Scholars have traditionally divided the history of the library into five periods, Pre-Lateran, Lateran, Avignon, Pre-Vatican and Vatican.

The Pre-Lateran period, comprising the initial days of the library, dated from the earliest days of the Church. Only a handful of volumes survive from this period, though some are very significant.

Q: When was the Vat formally opened?
A: It was formally established in 1475

Q: what is the library for?
A: research

Q: for what subjects?
A: history, and law

Question: and?


The Vatican Apostolic Library (), more commonly called the Vatican Library or simply the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally established in 1475, although it is much older, it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.

The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.

In March 2014, the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts, to be made available online.

The Vatican Secret Archives were separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century; they contain another 150,000 items.

Scholars have traditionally divided the history of the library into five periods, Pre-Lateran, Lateran, Avignon, Pre-Vatican and Vatican.

The Pre-Lateran period, comprising the initial days of the library, dated from the earliest days of the Church. Only a handful of volumes survive from this period, though some are very significant.

Q: When was the Vat formally opened?
A: It was formally established in 1475

Q: what is the library for?
A: research

Q: for what subjects?
A: history, and law

Q: and?
A: philosophy, science and theology

Question: what was started in 2014?