Input: Who did he shoot in November 1963?

Who did Jack Ruby shoot in November 1963?

Answer: Lee Oswald

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald's

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald

Answer: Lee Harvey Ostwald

Answer: Lone gunman theory

Answer: lee harvey ostwald

Answer: Lone gunman

Answer: Lee harvy oswald

Answer: lee h oswald

Answer: lee harvey oswald photo

Answer: maria oswald porter

Answer: lone gunman theory

Answer: Oswald the Lone Assassin

Answer: Lee H. Oswald

Answer: lee harvy oswald

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald (photo)

Answer: alek james hidell

Answer: j hidell

Answer: Maria Oswald Porter

Answer: lee oswald

Answer: Alek J. Hidell

Answer: l h oswald

Answer: L.H.O.

Answer: L. H. Oswald

Answer: lone nut theory

Answer: lone gunman

Answer: lee harvey oswald

Answer: A.J. Hidell

Answer: lee harvey oswald s

Answer: Lee harvey oswald

Answer: Alek James Hidell

Answer: l h o

Answer: L.H.O

Answer: Lone Nut Theory

Answer: oswald lone assassin

Answer: alek j hidell

Section::::John F. Kennedy assassination.:November 22: The assassination of Kennedy.

Jack Ruby

Section::::John F. Kennedy assassination.:November 22: The assassination of Kennedy.

Jack Ruby

Jack Ruby


Input: Who did he assassinate in 1963 in Dallas?

Who did Jack Ruby assassinate in 1963 in Dallas?

Answer: Oswald the Lone Assassin

Answer: Lone Nut Theory

Answer: Lone gunman

Answer: Lee Oswald

Answer: Lee Oswald

Answer: Lee H. Oswald

Answer: A.J. Hidell

Answer: L.H.O.

Answer: L. H. Oswald

Answer: L.H.O

Answer: Alek J. Hidell

Answer: Maria Oswald Porter

Answer: Lee harvey oswald

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald (photo)

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald's

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald's

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald

Answer: Lee Harvey Oswald

Answer: Lee harvy oswald

Answer: Lone gunman theory

Answer: Alek James Hidell

Answer: Lee Harvey Ostwald

Answer: lee harvey ostwald

Answer: lee h oswald

Answer: lee harvey oswald photo

Answer: maria oswald porter

Answer: lone gunman theory

Answer: lee harvy oswald

Answer: alek james hidell

Answer: j hidell

Answer: lee oswald

Answer: l h oswald

Answer: lone nut theory

Answer: lone gunman

Answer: lee harvey oswald

Answer: lee harvey oswald s

Answer: l h o

Answer: oswald lone assassin

Answer: alek j hidell

Section::::John F. Kennedy assassination.:November 22: The assassination of Kennedy.

Jack Ruby

Section::::John F. Kennedy assassination.:November 22: The assassination of Kennedy.

Jack Ruby

Jack Ruby

Dallas


Input: this steel bridge spans which river?

The Clifton Suspension Bridge spans which river?

Answer: Avon, England

Answer: Avon

Answer: AVON

Answer: Avon (disambiguation)

Answer: avon disambiguation

Answer: avon england

Answer: avon

Clifton Suspension Bridge


Input: What song by this rock group gave them their first number 1 single in the UK, charting at the top-spot on digital downloads alone, before its physical release?

What song by Kings of Leon gave them their first number 1 single in the UK, charting at the top-spot on digital downloads alone, before its physical release?

Answer: Sex On Fire (song)

Answer: Sex On Fire

Answer: Your Sex Is on Fire

Answer: Sex on fire

Answer: Sex on Fire

Answer: Sex On Fir

Answer: sex on fire

Answer: sex on fir

Answer: your sex is on fire

Answer: sex on fire song

Kings of Leon


Input: Where is the homeland of this resistance fighter?

Where is the homeland of Queen Boudica (also Boudicca or Boadicea), who led a revolt against the Romans in England in the first century CE?

Answer: East Anglia

Answer: East Anglia

Answer: ulfcytel s land

Answer: East Anglia (England)

Answer: Ulfcytel's land

Answer: East Endland

Answer: anglia kingdom

Answer: Anglia (kingdom)

Answer: east anglian

Answer: flag of east anglia

Answer: great yarmouth and lowestoft enterprise zone

Answer: east endland

Answer: East anglia

Answer: Flag of East Anglia

Answer: east anglia england

Answer: Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft Enterprise Zone

Answer: east anglia

Answer: East Anglia, England

Answer: East Anglian

Section::::History.:Uprising.:Location of her defeat.

Boudica

Kingdom of England


Input: she is famous for leading resistance to the invasion of Britain by whom?

Boadicea, Queen of the Iceni, is famous for leading resistance to the invasion of Britain by whom?

Answer: Romans

Answer: Romans

Answer: Romans

Answer: Roman people

Answer: Demographics of the Roman Empire

Answer: Demographics of the Roman Empire

Answer: Demography of the Roman Empire

Answer: Demography of the Roman Empire

Answer: romans

Answer: demographics of roman empire

Answer: roman people

Answer: demography of roman empire

Boudica

Iceni

Roman conquest of Britain

Boudica

Boudica


A [SEP] A (named , plural "As", "A's", "a"s, "a's" or "aes") is the first letter and the first vowel of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is similar to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar.


A [SEP]
The earliest certain ancestor of "A" is aleph (also written 'aleph), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which consisted entirely of consonants (for that reason, it is also called an abjad to distinguish it from a true alphabet). In turn, the ancestor of aleph may have been a pictogram of an ox head in proto-Sinaitic script influenced by Egyptian hieroglyphs, styled as a triangular head with two horns extended.


A [SEP]
By 1600 BC, the Phoenician alphabet letter had a linear form that served as the base for some later forms. Its name is thought to have corresponded closely to the Paleo-Hebrew or Arabic aleph.


A [SEP] In the earliest Greek inscriptions after the Greek Dark Ages, dating to the 8th century BC, the letter rests upon its side, but in the Greek alphabet of later times it generally resembles the modern capital letter, although many local varieties can be distinguished by the shortening of one leg, or by the angle at which the cross line is set.
The Etruscans brought the Greek alphabet to their civilization in the Italian Peninsula and left the letter unchanged.


A [SEP] The Romans later adopted the Etruscan alphabet to write the Latin language, and the resulting letter was preserved in the Latin alphabet that would come to be used to write many languages, including English.
During Roman times, there were many variant forms of the letter "A". First was the monumental or lapidary style, which was used when inscribing on stone or other "permanent" media. There was also a cursive style used for everyday or utilitarian writing, which was done on more perishable surfaces.


A [SEP] Due to the "perishable" nature of these surfaces, there are not as many examples of this style as there are of the monumental, but there are still many surviving examples of different types of cursive, such as majuscule cursive, minuscule cursive, and semicursive minuscule. Variants also existed that were intermediate between the monumental and cursive styles. The known variants include the early semi-uncial, the uncial, and the later semi-uncial.


A [SEP]
At the end of the Roman Empire (5th century AD), several variants of the cursive minuscule developed through Western Europe. Among these were the semicursive minuscule of Italy, the Merovingian script in France, the Visigothic script in Spain, and the Insular or Anglo-Irish semi-uncial or Anglo-Saxon majuscule of Great Britain.


A [SEP] By the 9th century, the Caroline script, which was very similar to the present-day form, was the principal form used in book-making, before the advent of the printing press. This form was derived through a combining of prior forms.
15th-century Italy saw the formation of the two main variants that are known today. These variants, the "Italic" and "Roman" forms, were derived from the Caroline Script version.


Two


Three


<corpus id="hrWaC2.1.01" lang="hr" n="1">


<p urldomain="autoportal.hr" url="http://www.autoportal.hr/index.php/testc/6560" lang="hr" langdistr="hr:-0.487|sr:-0.513">


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Q:

Regular expression matching

I want to match
(Not 'X')(Not 'X') XX XX XX (Not 'X')(Not 'X')

or
(Not 'X')(Not 'X') XX XX XX XX XX (Not 'X')(Not 'X')

etc...
pattern="^X^X ((XX ){2}|(XX ){4}|(XX ){6}|(XX ){8})XX ^X^X"

There is some problem with my pattern, Hope you can help me with that.
Thanks.

A:

Try this regexp:
[^X]{2} ((XX ){3}|(XX ){5})[^X]{2}

It matches:
YY XX XX XX XX XX YY
YY XX XX XX YY

but does not match e.g.:
XX XX XX XX XX
XX XX XX XX XX XX XX


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After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, the nuclear power renaissance faded and European countries have taken different policy directions for nuclear energy.


In the first step, we deal with the problem of item equivalence.


Increased competition over scarce resources, is likely to generate greater hostility toward outgroup members because outgroup members are often perceived as a threat to ingroup prerogatives.


In the first step, we use CFA to examine whether this list of items meets the criteria of structural equivalence for our sample of countries.


The structure of the paper is as follows.


The RM also asked about meditation; this question, however, provides curious results which are probably due to the fact that the concept of meditation has different connotations in the countries in comparison and/or that the item formulations differed between countries (the RM does not provide a documentation of the question wordings in the participating countries).


By setting up a team, people with the necessary language and translatory skills can be brought together with people who understand the goals and structure of an instrument (cf. Harkness & Schoua-Glusberg, 1998; Harkness, 2003; Harkness et al., 2004).


Samples were selected by the multistage national probability sampling method.


First, an appreciable part of the influence of the family of origin (represented by the full-lenght bars) is channeled through education (white bars), while second, education is not the only means to allocate individuals to job positions, since the family of origin exerts a direct influence over this process, over and above education (grey bars).


Jerry Rome Bass

@elonmusk #Think about buying a country , #Mexico ? You could turn it into the Richest Country in the world, with Trump as President and all his people moving to Mexico with their own #Constitution  and to boot all the cheap labor you would ever need for @Tesla  @SafetyMentalst


VanishedSun, The Supporter

Tesla wall battery for the save! Power went out but can still run my ac when its about to be 100*


onlyusedtesla

for sale: 2021 Used TESLA MODEL Y STANDARD RANGE. REAR WHEEL DRIVE.  Autopilot. Midnight Silver. Black. 16,800-miles. $64,900. Lincoln. Nebraska.   https://t.co/8OXKGIOTMm


Jerry Rome Bass

@Tesla @elonmusk #Think about buying a country , #Mexico ? You could turn it into the Richest Country in the world, with Trump as President and all his people moving to Mexico with their own #Constitution  and to boot all the cheap labor you would ever need for @Tesla  @SafetyMentalst


DailyStockPick

$TSLA  not a full MacD cross down yet, but remember - buy under $700 and sell over $700 on Tesla. I mentioned last week I sold half my lot at $750 ahead of what I expect to be weak earnings. I'll be buying more on weakness. Look at the chart @TrendSpider  https://t.co/uclABEgB7h


Context: Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs, selected the first Apollo crew in January 1966, with Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele as Pilot. But Eisele dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the KC135 weightlessness training aircraft, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans James McDivitt and David Scott, with rookie Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart. Mercury/Gemini veteran Wally Schirra, Eisele, and rookie Walter Cunningham were announced on September 29 as the prime crew for AS-205.

Question: Who didn't fly on as-204 but should have but then got a chance to fly on as-205?


Context: Throughout its history, the United Methodist Church has placed great emphasis on the importance of education. As such, the United Methodist Church established and is affiliated with around one hundred colleges and universities in the United States, including Syracuse University, Boston University, Emory University, Duke University, Drew University, University of Denver, University of Evansville, and Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities. The church operates three hundred sixty schools and institutions overseas.

Question: What organization might have started the association of schools?


Context: Despite the disagreements on the Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements.

Question: Who formed a league


Context: The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism, are a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life. Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments, therefore, has clear eschatological overtones, which, characteristically for Luther, do not encourage world-flight but direct the Christian to service to the neighbor in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world.

Question: Who is it important to minister to?


Context: The mermaid (syrenka) is Warsaw's symbol and can be found on statues throughout the city and on the city's coat of arms. This imagery has been in use since at least the mid-14th century. The oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw is from the year 1390, consisting of a round seal bordered with the Latin inscription Sigilium Civitatis Varsoviensis (Seal of the city of Warsaw). City records as far back as 1609 document the use of a crude form of a sea monster with a female upper body and holding a sword in its claws. In 1653 the poet Zygmunt Laukowski asks the question:

Question: Why can one find mermaids throughout Warsaw?


1000 Stories Bourbon Barrel Aged Batch Blue Carignan 2016

This is a very special, limited release of 1000 Stories Bourbon Barrel-Aged Carignan, their first-ever release of Carignan as a single varietal. Classic and rustic with a little edge. Look for notes of brilliantly racy red and black fruits set to a rich backdrop of toast, herbs, and cocoa.


1000 Stories Bourbon Barrel Aged Gold Rush Red 2016

The California Gold Rush was a period of courage, bravado and curiosity. It was with these characteristics in mind that we crafted Gold Rush Red. Grapes chosen from the golden hills and valleys of California were blended to create this bold, adventurous testament to that intrepid spirit.


1000 Stories Bourbon Barrel Aged Gold Rush Red 2017

The California Gold Rush was a period of courage, bravado and curiosity. Gold Rush is crafted with these characteristics in mind. The grapes used to blend this bold wine are carefully selected from golden hills and valleys of California. It is finished in bourbon barrels, which complements this rich wine with notes of charred vanilla and dried herbs.


1000 Stories Bourbon Barrel Aged Zinfandel 2013

The wine has a deep, rich purple color. An intense raspberry fruit is on the nose, with black pepper spice and a touch of cloves and dried herbs. The palate is full with ripe tannins, big black and red fruits, followed by an array of spices. The wine finishes with a touch of warmth that lingers on and on.


1000 Stories Bourbon Barrel Aged Zinfandel 2016

1,000 Stories Bourbon barrel-aged Zinfandel is a harmonious balance of Zinfandel grapes from Mendocino and Sonoma counties which are bursting with aromatic red fruit scents and complex black fruit flavors. A touch of Petite Sirah and Syrah enhance those flavors even more with bold black and white pepper spices. The batch is then rounded out with a layer of smokiness derived from the new bourbon barrel aging.


12 Linajes Crianza 2014

Red with violet hues. The aromas are very intense with mineral and dairy notes with essence of wild black fruits (raspberries and blackberries) combined with spicy elegant notes of black pepper and cloves with light memories of roasted coffee and toffee candies. It is balanced and rounded, powerful but with a velvety and well-integrated step that ends in volume and spice and mineral aftertaste.


12 Linajes Reserva 2012

On the nose, a complex predominance of mineral notes in a background of cherry jam combined with a subtle blend of roasted and smoked background. Powerful but with a step of silky and well-balanced tannins that make up a final that feels fatty with mineral and candied aftertaste


14 Hands Cabernet Sauvignon 2010

Concentrated aromas of dark stone fruits and toast burst from the glass. Classic Cabernet Sauvignon flavors of black cherries with subtle hints of baking spice dance across the palate, bolstered by fine, round tannins. This medium bodied wine is soft in mouth feel, yet long on fruit character and finish.


Q:

How to check whether a value exists in an array php

Can I check for a  value in an array?

What I mean is if I'm having an array like this
$image=array(
    1 =>$_FILES['image1']['name'],
    2 =>$_FILES['image2']['name'],
    3 =>$_FILES['image3']['name'],
    4 =>$_FILES['image4']['name'],
    5 =>$_FILES['image5']['name'],
    6 =>$_FILES['image6']['name'],
);

I want to know what are the keys that have an image name and I want to update some columns of a mysql table according to array key number, those are having an image name.

I also want to write a sql query to do this. (

I  know this query is wrong)
$query="
    UPDATE mytablename
    foreach($image as $valeu){
        echo'$image(1)=$value';
        echo'$image(2)=$value';
        echo'$image(3)=$value';
        echo'$image(4)=$value';
        echo'$image(5)=$value';
        echo'$image(6)=$value';
    }
";

A:

array_search is your friend:
$key = array_search($image_name, $image);

http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-search.php
When ever you do something with arrays read the list of array functions.


Q:

Going through a DataReader twice

I have the following code which does what it's supposed to do:
objSQLCommand = New SqlCommand("select * from table1", objSQLConnection)

objSQLCommand.

Open()
objSQLDataReader = objSQLCommand.

ExecuteReader()

While objSQLDataReader.

Append(objSQLDataReader("forename"))
    objStringBuilder.

Append(objSQLDataReader("surname"))
    objStringBuilder.

Append("

")
End While

objSQLDataReader.

Close()

But I need to loop through the objSQLDataReader 1 more time.

A:

Three options:

execute the query twice (readers like this are forwards only)
buffer the data locally, then process it twice (the "buffer" could be an object collection, XML, a DataTable (spit), etc)
write both outputs at the same time; i.e. for each row, write the first format to the first output, then the second format to the second output

I'd probably aim at the last option, as it involves no buffering or repetition; however I would move the logic for each method into 2 distinct methods

A:

Loop through data reader only once and load your data into some sort of an instantiated collection (e.g. List<MyDataObject>) that you can reference later to loop through again and again, and again.


Out of the 16 packs I didn't pull a single Diecut I needed for my set ,
None of the Champ.

I need ( I need #1 if any ones has an extra) I
also didn't land the Rookie standout I need (#14)
I also didn't make much progress on my master set of auto's and MM
.

but will be able to swap some nicer swatches for plain ones.

All in all I was able to land some upgrades to my set and a couple auto's I needed
( Wasn't looking forward to Ebay Prices for the Danica auto but still need 2 more the #70 and # 15 won't see the #5 i'm sure unless I pull it)
and also got a couple of the silver #25
( that might be a fun set to build) thanks for checking the break out
I am getting them loaded it is just taking some time I will try and put up a post of every thing thats for trade but will tell you got most
of the base set in triples plus and the same with the CC and RS
PM me if you need something in particular.

(10-21-2011 12:15 PM)spazmatastic Wrote: Pretty nice boxes, man.

Check my trading thread for the Die cuts.

I am not supposed to do anything for the next couple days but will pull my cards down and try and list all my needs and duplicates for the Die-cuts I also still need the CC & RS
I listed in my post still undecided about getting a case any thoughts

(10-21-2011 05:53 PM)tonygwynnandcalripke Wrote: I am not supposed to do anything for the next couple days but will pull my cards down and try and list all my needs and duplicates for the Die-cuts I also still need the CC & RS
I listed in my post still undecided about getting a case any thoughts

I didn't see anything in your post about buying a case.

However, I think you should abort that idea.

You have busted soooo many boxes that I think you will only be disappointed with breaking a case of Fanfare.

You are too close to completing it to spend that much money on a case.

You should go to auction sites and other trading sites to try to complete your sets.

They should be enough to help you complete the set.

I don't have any CC or RS cards to trade.

I have already traded away my RS cards and I am working on the holofoil die-cut set and the CC set, but have no doubles yet.

My die-cut set needs are listed in my thread, but here are the cards I need for the CC set: 1, 5, 12, 15.

LMK if you have any of these 4 to trade away!

(10-21-2011 11:36 PM)spazmatastic Wrote: I didn't see anything in your post about buying a case.

I have none of those but could throw you A dale jr.&

denny hamlin allStars insert from main event along with the gloves off, heck will even throw in a random auto from fane fare ( how bout kenny wallace love that guy) let me know


Q:

how to get multiple values from single text box and store it in array and also store it in database

Can I use php to get multiple values from one input text box and store it in array?

I want to read multi integers from the user and store it in array
For example, I add one input text and one submit:

A:

You could do it in this way.

Make an form in HTML having an input which should take comma seperated integer values like this:
<form action="url" method="POST">
    <input id="dataInput" type="text" name="data" value="12,34,56">
    <button id="submitBtn">Submit</button>
</form>

Now on submitting the form, you should receive the data in PHP, and you can use php's explode method like this:
<?

php

$data = $_POST['data'];
$data_arr = explode(',', $data); // <----- explode the string here from commas
// Now you can store these values into the database

So the output for the $data_arr would be:
$data_arr = array(
    0 => '12',
    1 => '34',
    2 => '56'
);

Hope this helps!


Yesterday we dropped news that the HTC Thunderbolt would be receiving Gingerbread (Android 2.3) some time in Q2 of this year, but many asked about its little brother, the DROID Incredible.

Well, if we are to believe the email below, which is from another HTC rep, it looks like the DI will also see GB in Q2, but towards the end instead.

Dear Thomas, I will be happy to assist with your software update inquiry.

Indeed the Incredible is going to get 2.3 Gingerbread and we expect to be ready to release it with Verizon before the end of the second quarter of this year.

To send a reply to this message or let me know I have successfully answered your question log in to our ContactUs site using your email address and your ticket number 11USCW14ENA000091.

Sincerely, Douglas HTC Want to see what others are saying?

Become a fan of HTC facebook.com/htc

Follow us on Twitter twitter.com/htc

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel youtube.com/htc Explore our development resources developer.htc.com We are unable to receive replies to this email account.

Please visit us at htc.com if you have any questions or need further assistance.

We should remind you to take these HTC rep emails for what they are, just rumors until an official HTC announcement makes its way out.

Again, it is nice to start seeing some dates thrown around at though; gives us something to look forward to.


Q:

fast.ai: How to get per-batch losses during validation

I'm using AWD-LSTM model implemented by fast.ai.

Now I am able to get the validation loss averaged across all batches:
from fastai.text import *
data_lm = (TextList.from_csv("data/penn", "concatenated.csv", cols='text')
    .split_from_df("is_valid")
    .label_for_lm()
    .databunch())
learner = language_model_learner(data_lm, AWD_LSTM, pretrained=False)
learner.fit_one_cycle(10, 1e-2)
learner.export("exported.pkl")

itemlist = TextList.from_csv("data/penn", "concatenated.csv", cols='text')
newlearner = load_learner(path="data/penn", test=itemlist, file="exported.pkl")
loss, acc = newlearner.validate(newlearner.data.test_dl)

but how to get the validation loss per batch?

But it seems like Recorder does not monitor validation, and learner.losses only store train losses per batch.

Use fastai.basic_train.loss_batch(learner.model, xb, yb, learner.loss_func), where xb and yb are just torch.

But this approach gives the following AttributeError:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-14-5fa44a2d640f> in <module>
      5 xb = torch.ones((64, 20)).cuda().long()
      6 yb = torch.ones((64, 20)).cuda().long()
----> 7 loss_batch(newlearner.model, xb, yb, newlearner.loss_func)

~/anaconda3/envs/pytorch12/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fastai/basic_train.py in loss_batch(model, xb, yb, loss_func, opt, cb_handler)
     27     out = cb_handler.on_loss_begin(out)
     28     if not loss_func: return to_detach(out), to_detach(yb[0])
---> 29     loss = loss_func(out, *yb)
     30
     31     if opt is not None:

~/anaconda3/envs/pytorch12/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fastai/layers.py in __call__(self, input, target, **kwargs)
    237
    238     def __call__(self, input:Tensor, target:Tensor, **kwargs)->Rank0Tensor:
--> 239         input = input.transpose(self.axis,-1).contiguous()
    240         target = target.transpose(self.axis,-1).contiguous()
    241         if self.floatify: target = target.float()

AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'transpose'

A:

I got the solution now.

cb_handler = CallbackHandler(newlearner.callbacks + [], None)
losses, acc = fastai.basic_train.validate(
    newlearner.model,
    newlearner.data.test_dl,
    newlearner.loss_func,
    cb_handler,  # This is necessary
    average=False)


Q:

Selecting a sequence in SQL

There seems to be a few blog posts on this topic but the solutions really are not so intuitive.

How would I select

A range of number
A date range

E.g.
SELECT 1:10 AS Nums

SELECT 1-1-2010:5-1-2014 AS Dates1

The result would be 10 rows (1 - 10) in the first SELECT query and ~(365 * 3.5) rows in the second?

A:

The "canonical" way to do this in SQL is using recursive CTEs, which the more recent versions of Teradata support.

For your first example:
with recursive nums(n) as (
      select 1 as n
      union all
      select n + 1
      from nums
      where n < 10
     )
select *
from nums;

You can do something similar for dates.

EDIT:
You can also do this by using row_number() and an existing table:
with nums(n) as (
      select n
      from (select row_number() over (order by col) as n
            from ExstingTable t
           ) t
      where n <= 10
     )
select *
from nums;

ExistingTable is just any table with enough rows.

The best choice of col is the primary key.

with digits(n) as (
      select 1 as n union all select 2 union all select 3 union all select 4 union all select 5 union all
      select 6 union all select 7 union all select 8 union all select 9 union all select 10
     )
select *
from digits;

If your version of Teradata supports multiple CTEs, you can build on the above:
with digits(n) as (
      select 1 as n union all select 2 union all select 3 union all select 4 union all select 5 union all
      select 6 union all select 7 union all select 8 union all select 9 union all select 10
     ),
     nums(n) as (
      select d1.n*100 + d2.n*10 + d3.n
      from digits d1 cross join digits d2 cross join digits d3
     )
select *
from nums;

A:

In Teradata you can use the existing sys_calendar to get those dates:
SELECT calendar_date
FROM sys_calendar.

CALENDAR
WHERE calendar_date BETWEEN DATE '2010-01-01' AND DATE '2014-05-01';

Note:
DATE '2010-01-01' is the only recommended way to write a date in Teradata
There's probably another custom calendar for the specific business needs of your company, too.

You might also use this for the range of numbers:
SELECT day_of_calendar
FROM sys_calendar.

CALENDAR
WHERE day_of_calendar BETWEEN 1 AND 10;

But you should check Explain to see if the estimated number of rows is correct.

sys_calendar is a kind of template and day_of_calendar is a calculated column, so no statistics exists on that and Explain will return an estimated number of 14683 (20 percent of the number of rows in that table) instead of 10.

If you use it in additional joins the optimizer might do a bad plan based on that totally wrong number.

Note:
If you use sys_calendar you are limited to a maximum of 73414 rows, dates between 1900-01-01 and 2100-12-31 and numbers between 1 and 73414, your business calendar might vary.

Gordon Linoff's recursive query is not really efficient in Teradata, as it's a sequential row-by-row processing in a parallel database (each loop is an "all-AMPs step" in Explain) and the optimizer doesn't know how many rows will be returned.

If you need those ranges regularly you might consider creating a numbers table, I usually got one with a million rows or I use my calendar with the full range of 10000 years :-)
--DROP TABLE nums;
CREATE TABLE nums(n INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY CHECK (n BETWEEN 0 AND 999999));

INSERT INTO Nums
WITH cte(n) AS
 (
   SELECT day_of_calendar - 1
   FROM sys_calendar.

CALENDAR
   WHERE day_of_calendar BETWEEN 1 AND 1000
 )
SELECT
   t1.n +
   t2.n * 1000
FROM cte t1 CROSS JOIN cte t2;

COLLECT STATISTICS COLUMN(n) ON Nums;

The COLLECT STATS is the most important step to get correct estimates.

Now it's a simple
SELECT n FROM nums WHERE n BETWEEN 1 AND 10;

There's also a nice UDF on GitHub for creating sequences which is easy to use:
SELECT DATE '2010-01-01' + SEQUENCE
FROM TABLE(gen_sequence(0,DATE '2014-05-01' - DATE '2010-01-01')) AS t;

SELECT SEQUENCE
FROM TABLE(gen_sequence(1,10)) AS t;

But it's usually hard to convince your DBA to install any C-UDFs and the number of rows returned is unknown again.


He was a economics graduate from Elphinstone College, Mumbai. He was an industrialist in plastics business. He served as a president of Gujarat Chamber of Commerce and Industry in 1990s.


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cw_whi_andreaheath (9)


Hi. I want information about Namibia.

Nmbia is a country in southern Africa.

Do you have information about the media there?

A mentional amount of foriegn

What about it?

Media and journalists in Namibia are represented by the Namibia chapter of the Media Institute of 'southern Africa and the Editors Forum of Namibia.

Interesting! What can you tell me about the politics and government?

Namibia formed the Namibian Defence Force, comprising former enemies in a 23-year bush war.

Do you have more information about it?

With a small army and a fragile economy , the Namibian government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region.

That's all I wanted to know. Thank you!

My pleasure!

Western Roman Empire
United Kingdom
Portuguese language
Southern African Development Community
South Africa
Kalahari Desert
Namib Desert
League of Nations
Afrikaans
Sub-Saharan Africa
Portugal
South-West Africa
Warmbad, Namibia
German language
NBC


What can you tell me about kazakhstan?

Kazakhstan is located in the middle of Eurasia. It is the 9th largest country in the world. Can I interest you in a particular topic?

demographics please

In Kazakhstan, Islam is the largest religion. The second largest is Orthodox Christianity.

i didnt know that. what else about demographics can you tell me?

About 63.1% of the population are ethnic Kazakhs while 23.7% are ethnic Russians.

thanks what can you tell me about its etymology?

I am sorry. I do not have information on etymology. Can I interest you in another topic?

you can tell me a random fact

The United States Census Bureau states that the population of Kazakhstan is about 18.9 million people.

that is all for today thanks

You are welcome.

World Boxing Council
Astana
Russia
Western Australia
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Vladimir Kozlov
United States
Caspian Sea
Soviet Union
Liberia
Gagea
Jim Thorpe
Kazakhs

World Boxing Council
Astana
Russia
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Vladimir Kozlov
United States
Soviet Union
Caspian Sea
Western Australia
Liberia
Gagea
Jim Thorpe
Kazakhs


Hello. Im doing some research on Dubai. Could you help me?

Sure. The city of Dubai is the largest and most populated city in the United Arab Emirates. Sometimes the city is called "Dubai City".

Interesting. Do you have any information about their culture?

Yes. Dubai hosts the traditional rugby tournament.

can you tell me more about that?

Sure, It is called Dubai Sevens and is part of the Sevens World Series Event. In 2009, Dubai hosted the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Do you have anymore information on culture?

They also host the Dubai World Cup, a thoroughbred horse race and it is held annually at the Meydan Racecourse.

Do you have any information on Cityscapes?

I do. Dubai has the world's tallest skyline. This started with the completion of the Khalifa Tower which followed a construction boom that began in the 1980's and accelerated in the 1990's and 2000's

I did not know that. Thank you for all your help today!

My pleasure!

United Arab Emirates
Dubai Police Force
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Qatar
Persian Gulf
Taipei Metro Line 2
Juan Magan
Arabian Desert
Iran
Palestinians
Umm al-Quwain
Shanghai Tower
Emiratis
Star Academy Arab World
Halcrow Group


Hi. Could you tell me about the culture and society of Pakistan?

Sure, The football division is the Pakistan Premier League. Which is the highest division in Pakistan.

Cool. Do you have more information about the topic?

I do, British Ideals Shaped the Philosophical development in Pakistan.

Thanks. I would like to learn about the geography., environment and climate.

No problem, Pakistan has a long coastline alone the Arabian Sea in the south.

Do you have facts about the climate?

Sorry i do not have that information available right now would you like to know more about Pakistan's Culture an Society?

No problem. Yes I would like more information about the culture.

No problem, Around the 3rd millennium BCE, an advanced urban culture was created in the region, with large buildings that still exist today.

Thanks. Do you know anything about rich Pakistan is in the world?

Sorry i do not have that information for you but i can tell you that Pakistan was the only country that was created in the name is Islam.

Thank you.The facts you have shared is great. Have a nice day.

You're welcome

Culture and society
Geography, environment and climate

Balochistan, Pakistan
Muslim
Afghanistan
Mughal Empire
Central Asia
United States
Muslim League (Pakistan)
Shaheen Air
Liaquat Ali Khan
China
Diwan (poetry)
Indonesia
India
South Asia
Star Academy Arab World


Can you tell me about the flora and fauna of Himachal Pradesh?

The Great Himalayan Park and PIN Valley National Park are the 2 national parks in the state.

Thanks. What else can you tell me about flora and fauna?

The land contains high mountains. It is divided into 12 districts, the divide to 55 sub-divisions.

Thanks. What other geography information do you have?

There is a large extraction of wild medicinal herbs endangering many of the gene stock.

What can you tell me about the demographics?

The language most spoken is Hindi. Hindi is also the official language.

Thanks. What else can you tell me about the demographics?

English has the status of an additional official language.

Thanks. What other language information do you have?

Punjabi, Nepali, Kinnauri and Kashmir are the other languages spoken.

Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
United Kingdom
Himachal Pradesh High Court
Nepal
Kateri Tekakwitha
Harsha
Kinnaur district
India
Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh
Kerala
Kangra, Himachal Pradesh


Where is Malayali located? 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India.

What other languages are spoken in Malayali, besides Malayalam?

33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan.

where is malayali located ? 30,803,747 speakers of malayalam in kerala , making up 93.2 % of the total number of malayalam speakers in india . [SEP] what other languages are spoken there ?

O O REL O O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O REL O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O O


Where is Malayali located? 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India. What other languages are spoken there? 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan.

dialects spoke malayali spoken standard dialect

dialects malayali standard spoke spoken dialect

What else is Malayali known for, aside from 33,105,420 people speaking the standard dialects?

World Malayalee Council, the organisation working with the Malayali diaspora across the Globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora.

where is malayali located ? 30,803,747 speakers of malayalam in kerala , making up 93.2 % of the total number of malayalam speakers in india . what other languages are spoken there ? 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects , 19,643 spoke the yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non - standard regional variations like eranadan . [SEP] what else is this place known for ?

O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O REL O O O REL O REL REL O O REL O O REL O O REL O O REL O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O O O


Where is Malayali located? 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India. What other languages are spoken there? 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan. What else is this place known for? World Malayalee Council, the organisation working with the Malayali diaspora across the Globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora. Were they ever successful in doing this? CANNOTANSWER. Do they produce anything from here? CANNOTANSWER.

Is the Malayali population still growing?

In 2010, the Census of Population of Singapore reported that there were 26,348 Malayalees in Singapore.

where is malayali located ? 30,803,747 speakers of malayalam in kerala , making up 93.2 % of the total number of malayalam speakers in india . what other languages are spoken there ? 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects , 19,643 spoke the yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non - standard regional variations like eranadan . what else is this place known for ? world malayalee council , the organisation working with the malayali diaspora across the globe has embarked upon a project for making a data bank of the diaspora . were they ever successful in doing this ? cannotanswer . do they produce anything from here ? cannotanswer . [SEP] is this population still growing ?

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what language do the malayali speak? Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis.

Do the Malayali speak any other languages besides Malayam?

Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century.

what language do the malayali speak ? malayalam is the language spoken by the malayalis . [SEP] do they speak any other languages ?

O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O O


what language do the malayali speak? Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Do they speak any other languages? Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century.

any literary items of interest about the Malayali?

Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition,

what language do the malayali speak ? malayalam is the language spoken by the malayalis . do they speak any other languages ? malayalam is derived from old tamil and sanskrit in the 6th century . [SEP] any literary items of interest ?

O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O


what language do the malayali speak? Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Do they speak any other languages? Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century. any literary items of interest? Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition.

The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets (

what language do the malayali speak ? malayalam is the language spoken by the malayalis . do they speak any other languages ? malayalam is derived from old tamil and sanskrit in the 6th century . any literary items of interest ? malayalam literature is ancient in origin . the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition . [SEP] how old is their literature ?

O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O


what language do the malayali speak? Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Do they speak any other languages? Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century. any literary items of interest? Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition. How old is their literature? The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets .

were any of the Malayali poets listed by name?

Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry.

what language do the malayali speak ? malayalam is the language spoken by the malayalis . do they speak any other languages ? malayalam is derived from old tamil and sanskrit in the 6th century . any literary items of interest ? malayalam literature is ancient in origin . the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition . how old is their literature ? the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition , is dated between the 9th century and 11th century . malayalam literature includes the 14th century niranam poets . [SEP] were any of the poets listed by name ?

O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O O O O


what language do the malayali speak? Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Do they speak any other languages? Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century. any literary items of interest? Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition. How old is their literature? The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets . were any of the poets listed by name? Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry.

sanskrit oldest century malayalam tamil old 6th derived

Aside from Malayalam being derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century, anything else of interest?

All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution  to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems - athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul),

what language do the malayali speak ? malayalam is the language spoken by the malayalis . do they speak any other languages ? malayalam is derived from old tamil and sanskrit in the 6th century . any literary items of interest ? malayalam literature is ancient in origin . the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition . how old is their literature ? the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition , is dated between the 9th century and 11th century . malayalam literature includes the 14th century niranam poets . were any of the poets listed by name ? madhava panikkar , sankara panikkar and rama panikkar ) , whose works mark the dawn of both modern malayalam language and indigenous keralite poetry . [SEP] anything else of interest ?

O O O O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O REL O REL O REL REL O REL O O REL REL O O O O O O O REL O O O O O O O REL O O O REL O O O O REL O O O REL O O O O O REL O O O REL O O O O REL O O O O O O O REL O O REL O REL O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O REL O O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O


what language do the malayali speak? Malayalam is the language spoken by the Malayalis. Do they speak any other languages? Malayalam is derived from old Tamil and Sanskrit in the 6th century. any literary items of interest? Malayalam literature is ancient in origin. The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition. How old is their literature? The oldest literature works in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated between the 9th century and 11th century. Malayalam literature includes the 14th century Niranam poets . were any of the poets listed by name? Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry. anything else of interest? All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution  to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems - athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul).

any more recent literary works from them?

any more recent literary works from the Malayali?

. In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith awardees like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai and M. T. Vasudevan Nair and non Jnanpith

what language do the malayali speak ? malayalam is the language spoken by the malayalis . do they speak any other languages ? malayalam is derived from old tamil and sanskrit in the 6th century . any literary items of interest ? malayalam literature is ancient in origin . the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition . how old is their literature ? the oldest literature works in malayalam , distinct from the tamil tradition , is dated between the 9th century and 11th century . malayalam literature includes the 14th century niranam poets . were any of the poets listed by name ? madhava panikkar , sankara panikkar and rama panikkar ) , whose works mark the dawn of both modern malayalam language and indigenous keralite poetry . anything else of interest ? all his works are written between 1829 and 1870 . chavara 's contribution to malayalam literature includes , chronicles , poems - athmanuthapam ( compunction of the soul ) . [SEP] any more recent literary works from them ?

O O O O REL O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O [SEP] O O O O O O O O


Who formed Saosin? original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green.

who formed saosin ? original lineup for saosin , consisting of burchell , shekoski , kennedy and green . [SEP] when was the band founded ?

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I love movies about whales!


Movies about the ocean are boring.


Is it possible that in the distant future, an organism that exists right now on Earth, will evolve to the point that it can be considered intelligent life? Which animal comes the closest?

Answer:
 > Is it possible that in the distant future, an organism that exists right now on Earth, will evolve to the point that it can be considered intelligent life?

Yes, it's possible, but by no means is it a sure thing.  Evolution doesn't have a goal in mind, nor does it have specific end points that are inherently better than others.  Evolution adapts to the environment, and what works works, what doesn't dies off.
 > Which animal comes the closest?

We have a difficult time defining intelligence *within our own species*.  The difficulty goes up astronomically when you look at other species.

Are you talking about technic intelligence?  It's unlikely anything in the ocean will ever develop technology (at least, as far as we can tell - without fire lots of tools are going to be difficult to make).

Social intelligence?  Well, insects seem to have a big advantage there... but they're probably a ways off on the tool front.

etc, etc, etc.

You see the difficulties?

Answer:
Evolution is not directed.

We can't answer this without speculation.


Can people who have had their corpus callosum severed multitask?

Since the two halves of the brain should have no communication with each other, is it theoretically possible for each half to be working on a different task simultaneously? If so, has this been studied and/or documented?

Answer:
Sure, it's theoretically possible. Kim Peek was this guy who was born with a lot of brain deformities, but one of the major ones was he lacked a corpus callosum. Look him up, he was a really interesting guy, and he was the inspiration for the Rain Man movie.

He was a savant literally spent his time memorizing everything he could, in a ton of different subjects, and he when he read, he read the left page with his left eye and the right page with his right eye. It's honestly absurd the sheer volume of information he ended up memorizing.


Why are Polio and Smallpox eradicated while other commonly vaccinated diseases like MMR or Hep B aren't?

Answer:
Smallpox and Polio were deliberately eradicated in vaccination campaigns ("Smallpox Eradication Programme" and "Global Polio Eradication Initiative").  They can be fatal and crippling, so there was a lot of awareness for people to act on that, and a lot of funding to spare for it.

There have been no global eradication campaigns for MMR or Hep B.

Answer:
[Polio isn't eradicated, and it probably won't be any time soon](_URL_0_).

MMR isn't a disease; it's a vaccine for three different diseases: mumps, measles, and rubella.

Eradication of different diseases encounters different challenges.

Challenges of polio eradication include:

   * Oral vaccine has to be kept cool or else it spoils
   * The virus in the oral vaccine can mutate to actually cause polio (vaccine-derived polio)
   * Injected vaccine requires injections, which require trained medical personnel, and it's more expensive

Measles eradication is hard because measles is highly contagious; even if the vaccine worked 100% of the time (which it doesn't), elimination eradication of measles would require that 95% of the world's population be vaccinated.

Mumps and rubella run into similar problems; their target is still high, but isn't as high as measles 95% vaccination target.

Hepatitis B is hard to eradicate because it causes chronic infection, which means that anyone who's been infected once can continue spreading it for the remainder of their life to unvaccinated individuals. So, as long as we have untreatable life-long infection with Hepatitis B, vaccination coverage would have to be nearly 100% for roughly 100 years (long enough for all the chronically infected people to die) for the virus to be eradicated.

Answer: One more thing that some of the other comments have mentioned is that it's very hard to eradicate diseases which have asymptomatic carriage (that is, people who carry the pathogen but aren't visibly ill) and diseases which have natural reservoirs (animals or environments which can carry the disease). The first is the case with Hepatitis B, which especially if acquired later in life, is [actually kind of unlikely to cause disease](_URL_1_), making it hard to track it in a population, and also harder politically to raise money for eradication. The second is the case with cholera, which is [present environmentally in many bodies of water.](_URL_0_)

Answer: Good answers here already, but I'd also add that some of the vaccines we have in circulation are not as effective as we'd like. Pertussis for example is around 90% effective, IIRC, and thanks to anti-vaxxers, the herd immunity has weakened, so it's been circulating more. Other diseases have environmental reservoirs which make them difficult to eliminate.

Answer: Great discussion. I have nothing to contribute to it but learned a lot. My daughter is 1 and I'm constantly having the vaccinate/don't vaccinate discussion with other parents. I side with vaccinations but often don't have much information to back it up. Interesting....


How does arsenic get into apple juice?

NBC news just had a story about arsenic in apple juice. My question is where in the process of making apple juice does arsenic get into a bottle that people give to their kids?

Answer: There are two types of arsenic, the one in apple juice is not harmful.  All of this comes from a [Dr. Oz episode](_URL_0_) where he did his own "study" with horrible methodology and basically showing that he's an incompetent scientist.

Answer: There are two types of arsenic, the one in apple juice is not harmful.  All of this comes from a [Dr. Oz episode](_URL_0_) where he did his own "study" with horrible methodology and basically showing that he's an incompetent scientist.


[Physics] Does friction manifest itself always in the form of heat, and therefore, mechanical energy? Any exceptions?

Answer: [The triboelectric effect](_URL_0_) doesn't necessarily create heat. When you walk across a carpet and you then get a shock when you touch the fridge, that's friction manifesting itself as an electrical charge.

Answer:
Friction is actually a phenomenological term. It basically means "Drag-like Force". It basically arises when structures in extended bodies interact.

But the meat of your question is really, "What is heat?" Once again, heat is essentially phenomenological. Heat is not really a property of an object. Although we may say, "This object is hot," what we really mean, "If I touch this object, I will get burned by heat reaching my hand." Heat is really a type of energy like Kinetic Energy.

The general feature of heat is that an object carries energy but we have no idea what any of its other properties are. For instance, a high temperature gas has a definite energy but we can't write down its microstate.

It follows that there are more forms of heat than just mechanical energy. You can have a [photon gas](_URL_0_) which stores heat a different way.

It follows that friction can result in heat transfer that is not just mechanical energy.

Friction doesn't just result in heat either. If friction is used to reduce the momentum of an object, the material will absorb that momentum. Objects with a non-zero momentum carry some energy in that momentum in the form of kinetic energy.  In practice we usually have no idea where the momentum went so we may as well consider that as heat energy as well.

Answer:
To a lesser extent there is dissipation of kinetic energy into sound.  Also even more negligible is the erosion of the contact materials.  Example: break pads wear down, energy is required to do that.

A good representation of the these manifestations is a bench grinder wheel on metal.  You get hot sparks, thermal energy and material erosion In addition, you get noise that in some circumstances can easily overpower several hundred watts of speaker output.


How is it that a parasite can infect a host, but that same host may reject something that it needs (i.e. an organ)?

Specifically interested in human cases.

I've tried to find out by researching common parasites and causes of organ rejection, but sources seem to either lack depth or are too complicated for my level of understanding. It seems really strange to me that the body seems to be really good at rejecting foreign objects, but parasites seem to get rejected very infrequently.

Answer:
Parasites have evolved many many ways to evade the body's immune system.  Their survival literally depends on being able to escape your body's immune cells....this selective pressure, over many generations, produces parasites which are really good at surviving in humans.

Such a degree of selective pressure doesn't exist for humans receiving organs.  Donated organs (and most other cells in your body) have markers called HLA antigens, which allow the immune system to recognize "self".  Unless you receive an organ which has the same HLA antigens as your own, your immune system will see it as foreign and attack it (which is why organ recipients need immunosuppression drugs).

So wouldn't it better to have none of the HLA antigens, allowing us to receive all the organs we could ever dream of?  No, because then our immune system couldn't recognize "self" from "foreign" and we'd have 100x the autoimmune and infectious disease issues that we currently have.


Tidal Forces on Moons

This is a multi-question thread, but hopefully they're related enough that I can ask them at once.  We'll see.

We all know that the Earth experiences tidal forces due to the Moon's gravity.  Does the Moon experience tidal forces from Earth's gravity?

If so, would that then mean if the Moon had oceans on it they would be greatly affected by these forces, as the Earth's own oceans are affected by the Moon?

Mildly related (sorry)... does Mars experience similar forces, but in a more "odd" fashion because it has two moons, each which exerts a tidal force on it?  Are there any models out there for how they might have acted upon Mars when it (probably) had oceans?

Answer:
Mars experiences less tidal forces because its moons are smaller.  However, I believe Phobos is also closer, and the magnitude of tidal forces include both.  The equation for the tidal "field" is the derivative of the gravitational field, 2MG/r^3.  Use the mass of the moon and plug in the values, and you can compare them numerically on your own.

You should also not neglect the tidal forces from the sun.  The sun is much further away but it is also extremely massive.  You use the same equation with the sun's mass and distance.  That solar tidal effect applies for Earth, the moon, and everything in the solar system.

Answer:
The moon experienced such extreme tidal forces in the past that its rotation was slowed down until it "stopped" from our perspective (it is "tidally locked").  If it had oceans now there would be only small tidal changes from the sun and the moon's slight wobble with respect to the Earth.

If the moon wasn't tidally locked it would experience significant tidal action.

Mars' moons are little more than wayward asteroids that wandered too close and lack sufficient gravity to exert any real tidal force on Mars.

If they were actually Earth-moon sized they'd have evolved some sort of orbital resonance and would produce complex tides on Mars. Since Mars itself is much smaller than Earth you may also have a situation where Mars will become tidally locked to the nearer moon.

Answer:
 > We all know that the Earth experiences tidal forces due to the Moon's gravity. Does the Moon experience tidal forces from Earth's gravity?

Yes.

 > If so, would that then mean if the Moon had oceans on it they would be greatly affected by these forces, as the Earth's own oceans are affected by the Moon?

Yes.

 > Mildly related (sorry)... does Mars experience similar forces, but in a more "odd" fashion because it has two moons, each which exerts a tidal force on it? Are there any models out there for how they might have acted upon Mars when it (probably) had oceans?

Phobos and Deimos are much, much less massive than Earth's Moon. Phobos is 10^16 kg and Deimos is 2 * 10^15 kg. Mars is 6 * 10^23 kg, which makes it ten million times more massive than its largest moon. Earth is 6 * 10^24 kg whereas our Moon is 7 * 10^22 kg, making it more than 1% of the Earth's mass. So basically the tidal forces experienced on Mars would be far, far tinier than those on Earth.

If Mars did have two moons much more massive than Phobos and Deimos, you would indeed get a more complicated set of tides; they would be strongest when the moons were lined up on one side of Mars and weakest when the moons were on opposite sides of Mars.


How can pH of a soil affect the growth rate of a certain plant, for example, barley?

Answer: Check out [this](_URL_0_) pH availability chart, which shows you which nutrients are available at certain pH ranges. If your pH is too high, your plant wont have access to the nutrients it needs. Phosphorous and nitrogen are generally the limiting nutrients for plants and as you can see from the chart they have a fairly large range. Soils for say, your home lawn, are ideal around 6.5 where all the nutrients seem to be available, of course plants are different and will have different nutrient needs, but pH will affect growth rates by limiting nutrients.


Context: In the 1960s, a series of discoveries, the most important of which was seafloor spreading, showed that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle, is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere. There is an intimate coupling between the movement of the plates on the surface and the convection of the mantle: oceanic plate motions and mantle convection currents always move in the same direction, because the oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle. This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics.

Question: In what decade was seafloor spreading discovered?


Context: In November 1969, Gemini veteran Charles "Pete" Conrad and rookie Alan L. Bean made a precision landing on Apollo 12 within walking distance of the Surveyor 3 unmanned lunar probe, which had landed in April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Conrad and Bean carried the first lunar surface color television camera, but it was damaged when accidentally pointed into the Sun. They made two EVAs totaling 7 hours and 45 minutes. On one, they walked to the Surveyor, photographed it, and removed some parts which they returned to Earth.

Question: What damaged the color TV camera that Apollo 12 had taken into space?

the Sun
Sun
pointed into the Sun.
the Sun
the Sun


Context: The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry. Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies as well.

Question: Other than the motion picture and television industry, what other major industry is centered in Los Angeles?


Context: Of the 129 MSPs, 73 are elected to represent first past the post constituencies and are known as "Constituency MSPs". Voters choose one member to represent the constituency, and the member with most votes is returned as a constituency MSP. The 73 Scottish Parliament constituencies shared the same boundaries as the UK Parliament constituencies in Scotland, prior to the 2005 reduction in the number of Scottish MPs, with the exception of Orkney and Shetland which each return their own constituency MSP. Currently, the average Scottish Parliament constituency comprises 55,000 electors. Given the geographical distribution of population in Scotland, this results in constituencies of a smaller area in the Central Lowlands, where the bulk of Scotland's population live, and much larger constituency areas in the north and west of the country, which have a low population density. The island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors, due to their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. If a Constituency MSP resigns from Parliament, this triggers a by-election in his or her constituency, where a replacement MSP is returned from one of the parties by the plurality system.

Question: How many members can voters choose to represent the constituency?


Context: Two Block I CSMs were launched from LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB. The first, AS-201 launched on February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles (492.1 km) and splashed down 4,577 nautical miles (8,477 km) downrange in the Atlantic ocean. The second, AS-202 on August 25, reached 617.1 nautical miles (1,142.9 km) altitude and was recovered 13,900 nautical miles (25,700 km) downrange in the Pacific ocean. These flights validated the Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield.

Question: How far did the second block, AS-202, travel downrange in km?


Context: The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college. These professional qualifications may include the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching. Teachers, like other professionals, may have to continue their education after they qualify, a process known as continuing professional development. Teachers may use a lesson plan to facilitate student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum.

Question: Where do most teachers get their credentials from?

university or college
university
university or college.


Statistical analysis of concurrently active human motor units


Management of a high mix production system with interdependent demands: global and decomposed optimization approaches for inventory control

In this work the management of a production system with a high mixture of products, interdependent demands and optional components is analyzed. An approach based on reorder point policy is proposed for both raw parts and finished goods inventory control. In the latter case, the solution of an optimization problem determines whether each product should be held in inventory and if so which safety factor z should be used. The choice of z, and as a consequence of the reorder level R, takes into consideration the demands interdependence, the customer's availability to buy if a certain waiting time is quoted to them and the fact that in a certain type of orders the optional components are required to ship. Global and decomposed optimization approaches are presented and compared. The decomposed approach is shown to achieve performances very close to the ones of the global optimization with much easier computations. By using the policy based on the decomposed optimization, it is possible to reduce simultaneously the value of the inventory and the expected number of lost sales as compared to a simple reorder point policy or to the policy currently in use at the company. A reduction of 35% of inventory and of almost 10 times of the average value of lost sales is expected if the company substitutes the current policy with the proposed one.


Human perception and control of vehicle roll tilt in hyper-gravity

Pilots and astronauts experience a range of altered gravity environments in which they must maintain accurate perception and control of vehicle orientation for tasks such as landing and docking. To study sensorimotor function in altered gravity, a hyper-gravity test-bed was produced using a centrifuge. Previous experiments have quantified static tilt perception in hyper-gravity; however, studies of dynamic tilt, such as those experienced by astronauts and pilots, have been entirely qualitative. Current dynamic models of orientation perception cannot reproduce the characteristic perceptions observed in hyper-gravity. The aims of this thesis are to: 1) quantify static and dynamic roll tilt perception in hyper-gravity, 2) study pilot manual control of vehicle roll tilt in hyper-gravity, and 3) modify a dynamic model to predict hyper-gravity orientation perception. A long-radius centrifuge was utilized to create hyper-gravity environments of 1.5 and 2 Earth G's. In one experiment, over a range of roll tilt angles and frequencies, human subjects' (N=8) perceptions of orientation, in the dark, were assayed with a somatosensory task. Static roll tilts were overestimated in hyper-gravity with more overestimation at higher gravity levels and larger roll angles. Dynamic rotations were also overestimated in hyper-gravity, but generally less so than for static tilts. The amount of overestimation during dynamic rotations was dependent upon the angular velocity of the rotation with less overestimation at higher angular velocities. In a second experiment, human subjects (N=12) were tasked with nulling a pseudo-random vehicle roll disturbance using a rotational hand controller. Initial nulling performance was significantly worse in hyper-gravity as compared to the 1 G performance baseline. However, hyper-gravity performance improved with practice, reaching near the 1 G baseline over the time course of several minutes. Finally, pre-exposure to one hyper-gravity level reduced the measured initial performance decrement in a subsequent, different hyper-gravity environment. A modification to a previous dynamic spatial orientation perception model was proposed to allow for the prediction of roll tilt overestimation observed in hyper-gravity. It was hypothesized that the central nervous system treats otolith signals in the utricular plane differently from those out of plane. This was implemented in the model by setting a difference between the linear acceleration feedback gains in and out of the utricular plane. The modified model was simulated and found to accurately predict the static overestimation observed over a wide range of angles and hyper-gravity levels. Furthermore, it simulated the characteristic dependence of dynamic overestimation upon angular velocity with less overestimation at higher angular velocities. The modified model now allows for simulation across a range of altered gravity environments to predict human orientation perception. We conclude that hyper-gravity results in misperception of static and dynamic roll tilt and decrements in pilot manual control performance. Perception and manual control errors due to altered gravity, such as those observed here in hyper-gravity, may impact the safety of future crewed space exploration missions, in terms of accidents or aborts.


Dynamic patterning of maternal messengerRibonucleic acids in the Early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo

Asymmetric segregation of maternally-encoded proteins is essential to cell fate determination during early cell divisions of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) embryo, but little is known about the patterning of maternal transcripts inside somatic lineages. In the first Chapter of this thesis, by detecting individual mRNA molecules in situ, we measured the densities of the two maternal mRNAs pie-1 and nos-2 in non-germline cells. We find that nos-2 mRNA degrades at a constant rate in all somatic lineages, starting approximately 1 cell-cycle after each lineage separated from the germline, consistent with a model in which the germline protects maternal mRNAs from degradation. In contrast, the degradation of pie-1 mRNAs in one somatic lineage, AB, takes place at a rate slower than that of the other lineages, leading to an accumulation of that transcript. We further show that the 3' untranslated (UTR) region of the pie-1 transcript at least partly encodes the AB-specific degradation delay. Our results indicate that embryos actively control maternal mRNA distributions in somatic lineages via regulated degradation, providing another potential mechanism for lineage specification. The evolutionary fate of an allele ordinarily depends on its contribution to host fitness. Occasionally, however, genetic elements arise that are able to gain a transmission advantage while simultaneously imposing a fitness cost on their hosts. Seidel et al. previously discovered one such element in C. elegans that gains a transmission advantage through a combination of paternal-effect killing and zygotic self-rescue. In the second Chapter of this thesis we demonstrate that this element is composed of a sperm-delivered toxin, peel-1, and an embryo-expressed antidote, zeel-1. peel-1 and zeel-1 are located adjacent to one another in the genome and co-occur in an insertion/ deletion polymorphism. peel-1 encodes a novel four-pass transmembrane protein that is expressed in sperm and delivered to the embryo via specialized, sperm-specific vesicles. In the absence of zeel-1, sperm-delivered PEEL-1 causes lethal defects in muscle and epidermal tissue at the two-fold stage of embryogenesis. zeel-1 is expressed transiently in the embryo and encodes a novel six-pass transmembrane domain fused to a domain with sequence similarity to zyg-11, a substrate-recognition subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase. zeel-1 appears to have arisen recently, during an expansion of the zyg-11 family, and the transmembrane domain of zeel-1 is required and partially sufficient for antidote activity. Although PEEL-1 and ZEEL-1 normally function in embryos, these proteins can act at other stages as well. When expressed ectopically in adults, PEEL-1 kills a variety of cell types, and ectopic expression of ZEEL-1 rescues these effects. Our results demonstrate that the tight physical linkage between two novel transmembrane proteins has facilitated their co-evolution into an element capable of promoting its own transmission to the detriment of the rest of the genome. The Apical Epidermal Ridge (AER) in vertebrates is essential to the outgrowth of a growing limb bud. Induction and maintenance of the AER reply heavily on the coordination and signaling between two surrounding cell types: ectodermal and mesenchymal cells. In morphogenesis during embryonic development, a process called the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs to transform epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells for increased cell mobility and decreased cell adhesion. To check whether the AER, which originated from the ectodermal layer, undergoes EMT for enhanced cell motility and invasiveness at an early stage of the limb outgrowth, we examined expression of biomarkers of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell types in the AER of a mouse forelimb at embryonic day 10.5 in Chapter three of this thesis. We also customized correlation-based image registration algorithm to perform image stitching for more direct visualization of a big field of tissue sample. We found that the AER surprisingly expresses both the epithelial marker and the mesenchymal marker, unlike a normal non-transitioning epithelial cell or a cell undergoing EMT. Our finding serves as a basis for potential future cell isolation experiments to further look into cell type switching of the AER and its interaction with the surrounding ectodermal and mesenchymal cells.


Retooling Detroit's waterfront

With the recent strain of environmental disasters associated with poor environmental planning and the crash of the economic system that had propped up this type of development, it is clear that architecture's relationship to nature needs to be rethought. The thesis uses the waterfront of Detroit as a test site for an integrated system based on ecological principles of interdependency, indeterminacy and time-based processes. The proposal situates itself in opposition to the urban development laid on top of the land and its application in current form to a new, so called "green" recreational riverwalk, which still relies on the hard engineering that has destroyed Detroit's native wetlands. Instead, this thesis proposes a soft infrastructure which synthesizes solutions for water retention and environmental enrichment along the coastline, based on the natural patterns of drainage landforms, and with human development tightly integrated within the system. This system is modulated to balance different degrees of environmental, technical and economic priorities, layered throughout the waterfront to not only create a comprehensive storm defense system but also to provide new places for recreation, urban farming and urban development.


Participation as an end versus a means : understanding a recurring dilemma in urban upgrading

Since the 1920s, participatory approaches to urban upgrading in developing nations have demonstrated that involving the urban poor in the physical, social, and economic development of their settlements could improve their living conditions. These housing policies and projects have since been central to urban poverty reduction. Yet, while participatory upgrading is still used on a limited scale, it has failed to become a mainstream component of urban development. This dissertation analyzes some reasons for that failure by investigating the trajectory of an urban poverty reduction program that had much potential for success in Cambodia, but whose results yet surprisingly fell short of expectations. It connects the results to a critical analysis of international experience with policies and programs for urban poverty reduction. It explores the issue in two steps: First it analyzes the historical evolution of the policies and practices of urban poverty reduction in developing nations. This highlights the apparently weak link between lessons from experience, international policy recommendations, and the programs actually implemented by governments. Second, it presents a narrative analysis of how a participatory urban poverty reduction policy originated, was implemented, and evolved in Phnom Penh from 1996 to 2004. That story provides a micro-level understanding of the shape and constraints of the evolution of policies and practices, complementing the macro-historical analysis. The findings illustrate that three main issues have prevented international and local agencies from promoting urban development assistance, using lessons learned from concrete experience over time, and thus kept them from adopting a more continuous use of proven practices.


Creating music by listening

Machines have the power and potential to make expressive music on their own. This thesis aims to computationally model the process of creating music using experience from listening to examples. Our unbiased signal-based solution models the life cycle of listening, composing, and performing, turning the machine into an active musician, instead of simply an instrument. We accomplish this through an analysis-synthesis technique by combined perceptual and structural modeling of the musical surface, which leads to a minimal data representation. We introduce a music cognition framework that results from the interaction of psychoacoustically grounded causal listening, a time-lag embedded feature representation, and perceptual similarity clustering. Our bottom-up analysis intends to be generic and uniform by recursively revealing metrical hierarchies and structures of pitch, rhythm, and timbre. Training is suggested for top-down un-biased supervision, and is demonstrated with the prediction of downbeat. This musical intelligence enables a range of original manipulations including song alignment, music restoration, cross-synthesis or song morphing, and ultimately the synthesis of original pieces.


Dynamics of dopamine signaling and network activity in the striatum during learning and motivated pursuit of goals

Learning to direct behaviors towards goals is a central function of all vertebrate nervous systems. Initial learning often involves an exploratory phase, in which actions are flexible and highly variable. With repeated successful experience, behaviors may be guided by cues in the environment that reliably predict the desired outcome, and eventually behaviors can be executed as crystallized action sequences, or "habits", which are relatively inflexible. Parallel circuits through the basal ganglia and their inputs from midbrain dopamine neurons are believed to make critical contributions to these phases of learning and behavioral execution. To explore the neural mechanisms underlying goal-directed learning and behavior, I have employed electrophysiological and electrochemical techniques to measure neural activity and dopamine release in networks of the striatum, the principle input nucleus of the basal ganglia as rats learned to pursue rewards in mazes. The electrophysiological recordings revealed training dependent dynamics in striatum local field potentials and coordinated neural firing that may differentially support both network rigidity and flexibility during pursuit of goals. Electrochemical measurements of real-time dopamine signaling during maze running revealed prolonged signaling changes that may contribute to motivating or guiding behavior. Pathological over or under-expression of these network states may contribute to symptoms experienced in a range of basal ganglia disorders, from Parkinson's disease to drug addiction.


Training hierarchical networks for function approximation

In this work we investigate function approximation using Hierarchical Networks. We start of by investigating the theory proposed by Poggio et al [2] that Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks (DCN) can be equivalent to hierarchical kernel machines with the Radial Basis Functions (RBF).We investigate the difficulty of training RBF networks with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and hierarchical RBF. We discovered that training singled layered RBF networks can be quite simple with a good initialization and good choice of standard deviation for the Gaussian. Training hierarchical RBFs remains as an open question, however, we clearly identified the issue surrounding training hierarchical RBFs and potential methods to resolve this. We also compare standard DCN networks to hierarchical Radial Basis Functions in tasks that has not been explored yet; the role of depth in learning compositional functions.


Myanmar 's pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi will return home late Friday but will remain in detention after recovering from surgery at a Yangon hospital , her personal physician said .

Myanmar 's pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi will be kept under house arrest following her release from a hospital where she underwent surgery , her personal physician said Friday .


Robert Walsh , 40 , remained in critical but stable condition Friday at Staten Island University Hospital 's north campus .

Walsh , also 40 , was in critical but stable condition at Staten Island University Hospital last night .


In fiction : Edward P. Jones ( " The Known World " ) and Scott Spencer ( " A Ship Made of Paper " ) .

The fifth nominee for fiction is Scott Spencer , for A Ship Made of Paper .


Because of the accounting charge , the company now says it lost $ 1.04 billion , or 32 cents a share , in the quarter ended June 30 .

Including the charge , the Santa Clara , Calif.-based company said Monday it lost $ 1.04 billion , or 32 cents per share , in the period ending June 30 .


The top rate will go to 4.45 percent for all residents with taxable incomes above $ 500,000 .

For residents with incomes above $ 500,000 , the income-tax rate will increase to 4.45 percent .


The S & P / TSX composite rose 87.74 points on the week , while the TSX Venture Exchange composite gained 44.49 points .

On the week , the Dow Jones industrial average rose 11.56 points , while the Nasdaq Stock Market gained 39.42 points .


Nearly 300 mutinous troops who seized a Manila shopping and apartment complex demanding the government resign gave up and retreated peacefully after some 19 hours .

Mutinous troops who seized a Manila shopping and apartment complex demanding the government resign ended a 19-hour standoff late Sunday and returned to barracks without a shot fired .


" Jeremy 's a good guy , " Barber said , adding : " Jeremy is living the dream life of the New York athlete .

He also said Shockey is " living the dream life of a New York athlete .


Carlson on Tuesday said he would not recuse himself from the case .

Service officials said Carlson refused to recuse himself from the case .


At community colleges , tuition will jump to $ 2,800 from $ 2,500 .

Community college students will see their tuition rise by $ 300 to $ 2,800 or 12 percent .


Abstract:
  Predictive models allow subject-specific inference when analyzing disease
related alterations in neuroimaging data. Given a subject's data, inference can
be made at two levels: global, i.e. identifiying condition presence for the
subject, and local, i.e. detecting condition effect on each individual
measurement extracted from the subject's data. While global inference is widely
used, local inference, which can be used to form subject-specific effect maps,
is rarely used because existing models often yield noisy detections composed of
dispersed isolated islands. In this article, we propose a reconstruction
method, named RSM, to improve subject-specific detections of predictive
modeling approaches and in particular, binary classifiers. RSM specifically
aims to reduce noise due to sampling error associated with using a finite
sample of examples to train classifiers. The proposed method is a wrapper-type
algorithm that can be used with different binary classifiers in a diagnostic
manner, i.e. without information on condition presence. Reconstruction is posed
as a Maximum-A-Posteriori problem with a prior model whose parameters are
estimated from training data in a classifier-specific fashion. Experimental
evaluation is performed on synthetically generated data and data from the
Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Results on
synthetic data demonstrate that using RSM yields higher detection accuracy
compared to using models directly or with bootstrap averaging. Analyses on the
ADNI dataset show that RSM can also improve correlation between
subject-specific detections in cortical thickness data and non-imaging markers
of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), such as the Mini Mental State Examination Score
and Cerebrospinal Fluid amyloid-$\beta$ levels. Further reliability studies on
the longitudinal ADNI dataset show improvement on detection reliability when
RSM is used.

Reconstructing Subject-Specific Effect Maps


Abstract:
  Rotation invariance and translation invariance have great values in image
recognition tasks. In this paper, we bring a new architecture in convolutional
neural network (CNN) named cyclic convolutional layer to achieve rotation
invariance in 2-D symbol recognition. We can also get the position and
orientation of the 2-D symbol by the network to achieve detection purpose for
multiple non-overlap target. Last but not least, this architecture can achieve
one-shot learning in some cases using those invariance.

Rotation Invariance Neural Network


Abstract:
  We introduce and develop the notion of spherical polyharmonics, which are a
natural generalisation of spherical harmonics. In particular we study the
theory of zonal polyharmonics, which allows us, analogously to zonal harmonics,
to construct Poisson kernels for polyharmonic functions on the union of rotated
balls. We find the representation of Poisson kernels and zonal polyharmonics in
terms of the Gegenbauer polynomials. We show the connection between the
classical Poisson kernel for harmonic functions on the ball, Poisson kernels
for polyharmonic functions on the union of rotated balls, and the Cauchy-Hua
kernel for holomorphic functions on the Lie ball.

Spherical polyharmonics and Poisson kernels for polyharmonic functions


Abstract:
  The stochastic Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert (LLG) equation coupled with the
Maxwell equations (the so called stochastic MLLG system) describes the creation
of domain walls and vortices (fundamental objects for the novel nanostructured
magnetic memories). We first reformulate the stochastic LLG equation into an
equation with time-differentiable solutions. We then propose a convergent
$\theta$-linear scheme to approximate the solutions of the reformulated system.
As a consequence, we prove convergence of the approximate solutions, with no or
minor conditions on time and space steps (depending on the value of $\theta$).
Hence, we prove the existence of weak martingale solutions of the stochastic
MLLG system. Numerical results are presented to show applicability of the
method.

A finite element approximation for the stochastic Maxwell--Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert system


Abstract:
  Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra of samples from 7 plant species
were used to explore the influence of preprocessing and feature extraction on
efficiency of machine learning algorithms. Wavelet Tensor Train (WTT) and
Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) were compared as feature extraction
techniques for FTIR data of medicinal plants. Various combinations of signal
processing steps showed different behavior when applied to classification and
clustering tasks. Best results for WTT and DWT found through grid search were
similar, significantly improving quality of clustering as well as
classification accuracy for tuned logistic regression in comparison to original
spectra. Unlike DWT, WTT has only one parameter to be tuned (rank), making it a
more versatile and easier to use as a data processing tool in various signal
processing applications.

Comparative study of Discrete Wavelet Transforms and Wavelet Tensor Train decomposition to feature extraction of FTIR data of medicinal plants


Abstract:
  Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded domain satisfying a
Hayman-type asymmetry condition, and let $ D $ be an arbitrary bounded domain
referred to as "obstacle". We are interested in the behaviour of the first
Dirichlet eigenvalue $ \lambda_1(\Omega \setminus (x+D)) $. First, we prove an
upper bound on $ \lambda_1(\Omega \setminus (x+D)) $ in terms of the distance
of the set $ x+D $ to the set of maximum points $ x_0 $ of the first Dirichlet
ground state $ \phi_{\lambda_1} > 0 $ of $ \Omega $. In short, a direct
corollary is that if \begin{equation} \mu_\Omega := \max_{x}\lambda_1(\Omega
\setminus (x+D)) \end{equation} is large enough in terms of $ \lambda_1(\Omega)
$, then all maximizer sets $ x+D $ of $ \mu_\Omega $ are close to each maximum
point $ x_0 $ of $ \phi_{\lambda_1} $.
Second, we discuss the distribution of $ \phi_{\lambda_1(\Omega)} $ and the
possibility to inscribe wavelength balls at a given point in $ \Omega $.
Finally, we specify our observations to convex obstacles $ D $ and show that
if $ \mu_\Omega $ is sufficiently large with respect to $ \lambda_1(\Omega) $,
then all maximizers $ x+D $ of $ \mu_\Omega $ contain all maximum points $ x_0
$ of $ \phi_{\lambda_1(\Omega)} $.

On maximizing the fundamental frequency of the complement of an obstacle


Abstract:
  We observed the newly discovered hyperbolic minor planet 1I/`Oumuamua (2017
U1) on 2017 October 30 with Lowell Observatory's 4.3-m Discovery Channel
Telescope. From these observations, we derived a partial lightcurve with
peak-to-trough amplitude of at least 1.2 mag. This lightcurve segment rules out
rotation periods less than 3 hr and suggests that the period is at least 5 hr.
On the assumption that the variability is due to a changing cross section, the
axial ratio is at least 3:1. We saw no evidence for a coma or tail in either
individual images or in a stacked image having an equivalent exposure time of
9000 s.

On the rotation period and shape of the hyperbolic asteroid 1I/`Oumuamua (2017) U1 from its lightcurve


Abstract:
  The ability of metallic nanoparticles to supply heat to a liquid environment
under exposure to an external optical field has attracted growing interest for
biomedical applications. Controlling the thermal transport properties at a
solid-liquid interface then appears to be particularly relevant. In this work,
we address the thermal transport between water and a gold surface coated by a
polymer layer. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that
increasing the polymer density displaces the domain resisting to the heat flow,
while it doesn't affect the final amount of thermal energy released in the
liquid. This unexpected behavior results from a trade-off established by the
increasing polymer density which couples more efficiently with the solid but
initiates a counterbalancing resistance with the liquid.

Adverse effects of polymer coating on heat transport at solid-liquid interface


Abstract:
  We model large-scale ($\approx$2000km) impacts on a Mars-like planet using a
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code. The effects of material strength and of
using different Equations of State on the post-impact material and temperature
distributions are investigated. The properties of the ejected material in terms
of escaping and disc mass are analysed as well. We also study potential
numerical effects in the context of density discontinuities and rigid body
rotation. We find that in the large-scale collision regime considered here
(with impact velocities of 4km/s), the effect of material strength is
substantial for the post-impact distribution of the temperature and the
impactor material, while the influence of the Equation of State is more subtle
and present only at very high temperatures.

SPH calculations of Mars-scale collisions: the role of the Equation of State, material rheologies, and numerical effects


Abstract:
  Time varying susceptibility of host at individual level due to waning and
boosting immunity is known to induce rich long-term behavior of disease
transmission dynamics. Meanwhile, the impact of the time varying heterogeneity
of host susceptibility on the shot-term behavior of epidemics is not
well-studied, even though the large amount of the available epidemiological
data are the short-term epidemics. Here we constructed a parsimonious
mathematical model describing the short-term transmission dynamics taking into
account natural-boosting immunity by reinfection, and obtained the explicit
solution for our model. We found that our system show "the delayed epidemic",
the epidemic takes off after negative slope of the epidemic curve at the
initial phase of epidemic, in addition to the common classification in the
standard SIR model, i.e., "no epidemic" as $\mathcal{R}_{0}\leq1$ or normal
epidemic as $\mathcal{R}_{0}>1$. Employing the explicit solution we derived the
condition for each classification.

$\mathcal{R}_{0}$ fails to predict the outbreak potential in the presence of natural-boosting immunity


Kelly: Oh! Oh! Can I pick the first question?
Jessica: Sure. Go for it!
Kelly: What's the scariest place you've been to!
Jessica: I'll start: Palermo in Italy.
Mickey: And what's so scary about that? Did you break your nail? :P
Jessica: Shut it, Mickey! No, there are the Capuchin Catacombs with 8000 corpses!
Kelly: Ewwww! Corpses? Rly?
Jessica: Yeah! And you can look at them like museum exhibits. I think they're divided somehow, but have no clue how!
Ollie: That's so cool! Do you get to see the bones or are they covered up?
Jessica: Well, partly. Most of them were exhibited in their clothes. Basically only skulls and hands.
Mickey: I'm writing this one down! That's so precious!
Ollie: Me too!

The scariest place for Jessica was the Capuchin Catacombs in Palermo.