Thank you!! This would make my life a lot less anxiety-inducing. Keep it up, and don't let anyone get in your way!


This is such an urgent design problem; kudos to you for taking it on. Very impressive!


Is this something I'll be able to install on my site? When will you be releasing it?


haha you guys are a bunch of losers.


ur a sh*tty comment.


hahahahahahahahhha suck it.


FFFFUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU


The ranchers seem motivated by mostly by greed; no one should have the right to allow their animals destroy public land.


It was a great show. Not a combo I'd of expected to be good together but it was.


I get a ton of emails at my job--a couple hundred on a normal day. I have tons of filters in place to make it easy to deal with my inbox, so I usually only need to spend a few minutes a day cleaning things up. I don't usually mind the piles of email. I'd rather have excess communication than insufficient. But most of them are unnecessary. Things that I'm in a mailing group for, but only one for every few hundred has an impact on my day-to-day activities. The filters sort them, I make sure none are relevant then group mark-as-read, group delete, move on with my life. Except there's always that one person who has to request a Read Receipt on everything they send, even when they send it to three different mailing groups, encompassing more than a hundred individuals. My Revenge: I always be sure to send the response confirmation that I read their inbox garbage.

Summary: You flood my inbox with inconsequential updates, then request I click an extra button to confirm I personally viewed your nonsense? Okay. I'll give you an extra unnecessary email just for your trouble.


When I first came to college I wanted to do microbiology/biochemistry double major. I literally had wanted to do that for years. Then freshman chemistry taught me there wasn't enough mental lubricant in the world to protect my anus from each test. I dropped the biochemistry and just focused on microbiology, just hoping to salvage something and get a degree where I could at least work alongside people in my dream career. The worst part is as I progressed, I loved and was successful in every other chemistry class I had, and even have since chosen advanced courses as electives because they are so interesting. But now I can't get the biochemistry degree. In redemption I got my GPA up, got a lab position, and am planning on Graduate School either in public health, genetics, or immunology. So I had to give up on my dreams, but with some adjustment and hard work I can still focus on my new ones.

Summary: The lesson here is life throws curveballs and sometimes they hit you in the nuts. But gritted teeth and rearrangement can be all that's needed to get you back on your feet.


So I have a little bit of an unusual problem. Here's the backstory: Used to write for this national music magazine a couple months ago. Get to write a story over this one musician who I've dreamed about writing about. Get interview, but this musician talks in such a complicated way that I spend hours upon hours trying to decipher what he says. I also spend hours trying to write out the story. Try my hardest to get the story done, but in the end the editor doesn't like it and gets somebody else to finish up the story. Finally when the story hits the magazine the editor/ head of the magazine just makes the piece into a Q and A because she felt like the interview was perfect like that, and couldn't see it as being anything else. Ok, woo! Now that we got that out of the way I'll tell you my problem. Ever since that whole thing I feel like I've only been writing at like a 60% level than what I used to be able to write at. And to be truthful I hate it. I miss feeling creative with my writing. I also feel like I'm having a harder time with the spelling of words, and what things are called in the english language. Like for a second earlier I had no idea how to spell !. Of course after I asked my english teacher mom, she told me it was an exclamation point. So if anybody knows how to fix that than that would be amazing, Also, I'm a 24 year old male if that helps out at all. Thanks!

Summary: Feeling like I can't write after trying to write huge story for a magazine. Now I'm trying to figure out what's wrong, and how to fix it.


It was the last week of classes my sophomore year of high school. I brought two packs of cards to play games and do small magic tricks. I had recently learned a trick online that allowed me to pick the card that my audience supposedly chose. When I first got in the class my teacher was sitting at a desk with her back turned to me. I dropped a card in her hood and continued to hide cards all around the room, in dvd cases, under desks, etc. When the rest of the students arrived I starting performing the trick where they would choose a card and I would make it magically disappear from the deck in my hand and have it reappear in a DVD case or whatever. After a couple times the class caught on that I had hidden the cards beforehand. They made me sit down so I quietly talked with some friends. 5 minutes before the bell I stood up again and announced that I had one more trick. They protested at first but finally agreed to let me show it. This time after the card was chosen I let a fellow student pick where the card should show up in the room. To my astonishment he said, "Put the card on the teacher's head." I smiled and asked our teacher to put her hood on. When she took it off the card was sitting on top of her head and the class went apeshit.

Summary: Brought two decks of cards to class, hid some of the cards so I could make them magically appear, hid a card in my teacher's hood, disbelieving student told me to put a card on the teacher's head, my class thought I was a wizard.


Reddit, my boyfriend and I have been dating a little over a year and are in our early 20s. We have absolutely gone through rough patches, but for the entire relationship we have both been happy and incredibly in love (there is no doubt about that!) What I'm wondering is if my situation is one where love can be considered not enough. He has been wishy washy with the relationship the past couple months, basically he is dealing with insecurity mixed with lifelong depression. He comes at me for things in my past, or ways I do things in the present, but quickly switches to blaming these problems on himself, and tells me all the reasons why he can't seem to get his mind right. This past weekend it came to a head and he left town for the night. He said he needed to work his stuff out. He has since told me that he needs space and time (which is fine by me), but that if i don't want to wait I don't have to. How do you guys feel about "waiting"? At points we were almost positive we were going to get married, so I don't want to just let this go. Before him I was a firm believer in NOT waiting, for obvious reasons (moving on with one's own life/waiting forever), but now I just don't know. I don't know if what he is suggesting is fair. He has not given me a time frame. I wouldn't ask for that anyways. He means so much to me but we have been struggling for months because of these issues of his. What are good signs to know that it's time to give it up? I want to make the right decision but I don't know how to make it. I could really use some bullet points here to know when enough is enough (generically) Edit 1: I forgot to mention that as of yesterday I basically said maybe to this proposition, and we haven't seen eachother in a few days but have still been talking occasionally.

Summary: Boyfriend and I are struggling because of issues on his end, but I don't want to give up because of our great love and compatability, but I also don't know when enough should be considered..enough.


I was about to go to rehab for a fucking horrific heroin addiction. My best friends (4 Irish brothers), a few of my other really close friends, showed up when I'm laying in bed, sweating, RLS (restless leg syndrome), vomiting, bad stomach, the works...Cook me dinner and a cake, bring me letters from each of them to look at when times are tough in rehab extolling how much they care etc and my buddy Mark (one of the Irish bros), literally helped carry me around our neighborhood so I could regain some sense of normalcy and say good bye to some people I cared about. If that isn't friendship, I don't know what is. The Connolly boys and my Deutche man Dennis saved my life with their kind words and support. This is not to mention the countless times they got up in the middle of the night (time difference San Diego - Beijing), just so I could have someone to talk to across the pond.

Summary: My friends helped me make it through rehab for Heroin. EDIT: For yeomanscholar's research, I am agnostic and my buddies are pretty much non-religous, though raised Catholic.


I made another post but this sheds light on a different point. This weekend in the car my boyfriend almost called me by his ex's name, but cut himself off and pretended like he just didn't say anything. I didn't respond at all. This past December he secretly went to dinner with her during a layover and admitted (to me) he still had feelings for her, and was "confused". Yet claimed that after the dinner he knew he wanted me. She lives on the other side of the country. We've talked about this very civilly and plenty of times, and even took a week long break from each other for him to figure out what he wants. He came back claiming love for me, etc. But then he almost calls me by his ex's name, and also stops telling me he loves me...what to think? Do I tell him I heard him almost say this and that I notice his behavior, or will that just spark him to say disingenuous "i love you"'s that I won't know are real? Damned if I do, damned if I don't

Summary: boyfriend almost called me by his ex's name and has stopped saying he loves me, not sure what to do now Edit: Ages 25 (him) and 26 (me), dating for 6 months


My girlfriend and I have been together for a little over a year now. Our sex life has always seemed healthy. We don't live together but we usually have sex when we hang out which is 2-4 times a week or when we go away on vacations with each other. I love her very much, and I don't want to make it seem like sex is the most important thing to me. I just don't see the point of taking sex away when I've given her no reason to believe I wasn't into sex in the first place. I always give her compliments, sweet texts and random gifts and random signs of affection. We both initiate sex and its not like I always am, nor is it her always initiating. I just don't understand why she'd take something away I see as special to us. Now, she's said we won't have sex and then we are together and we start kissing and then boom, we're laying in our own sweat, huffing and cuddling. But this time seems different, and the fact that she's openly saying its because of her looks and the way she feels about herself. If I say anything about being upset over it, then I'm accused of only wanting sex from her, I just can't win here and don't know what to do. As far as her looks, she isn't a twig, she has curves and looks amazing to me and everyone who meets her. She has beautiful eyes and smile and her body is amazing clothed, and naked. I never fail to tell her this and its gotten to the point where it doesn't seem to mean anything to her anymore. How can I change this and help her? The weather has gotten nicer so we've agreed to go on walks and try and make better eating choices together and support each other.

Summary: My girlfriend says she needs to lose weight and doesn't feel comfortable having sex and being naked because of her weight when she isn't even remotely close to being fat, more so curvy. How can I help her be more comfortable?


Hello reddit, I've been dating my boyfriend for a few months, although we've been close for about a year. We're long distance. I've always had a lot of mental health problems, and it makes it hard to date me, I get that. After a while I agreed to go to therapy and although it's an extremely slow process and I don't think my therapist is the best, I go because my boyfriend really said that I should. Today we've been fighting a lot because he admitted that he was afraid to tell me his feelings since I make him feel invalidated with my empathy style (he's the type who is more comforting and heals the emotion, I'm more clinical with it and often ignore the current emotion in favor of eliminating the long-term cause). Eventually we came to a point where we both agreed that I was starting to get better mental health-wise because of therapy, so I asked "If I'm getting better and it's not about me, then why did you say that you felt the need to withdraw/that you were afraid of me?". He said that it was all on him and his own insecurities and that "not everything is about you, [MyName]". That's when I said "Maybe you could think about looking into therapy as well, since that helped you before" (He went through a breakup a while ago and therapy helped him a lot). At this point he got EXTREMELY offended that I even implied he'd need therapy, because there is "nothing wrong with him" and that he doesn't need therapy because he can do just fine on his own. I told him that there doesn't have to be anything wrong to get therapy, I just thought it might help if he wants to get rid of the insecurity. I'm in therapy too and there's no shame in it. He said that just because he doesn't solve problems in the same way I want him to, doesn't mean he needs therapy. He said that he only withdrew from ME, and not from his friends, because I was putting out "signals that I was sick of him" (I still have no idea what these signals are, when I asked he said that I was invalidating his feelings and not empathizing). Then he flipped it back on me and said, "Maybe YOU should go to your therapist and explain how you made your boyfriend withdraw emotionally from you without even noticing." I feel really hurt by his last statement and I don't know how to respond. I didn't realized I crossed such a line, or that therapy was such a horrible thing to suggest. Where did I go wrong?

Summary: I suggested my boyfriend get therapy after he mentioned withdrawing from me because of insecurities. He got insulted and flipped it back on me. Where did I go wrong in this situation?


Cellular network data transmission system


Cellular digital packet data (CDPD) network transmission system incorporating cellular link integrity monitoring


RF cellular technology network transmission system for remote monitoring equipment


Wireless home fire and security alarm system


System and method for monitoring and controlling remote devices


Automated parallel and redundant subscriber contact and event notification system


System and method for signaling a weather alert condition to a residential environment


System and method for monitoring and controlling residential devices


Input: [Acronym] AAPP [Comment] Software developed by NWP SAF [Definition]

Output: AVHRR & ATOVS Pre-processing Package


Input: [Acronym] AATSR [Comment] Instrument on Envisat [Definition]

Output: Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer


Input: [Acronym] ABI [Comment] Instrument on GOES-R series [Definition]

Output: Advanced Baseline Imager


Input: [Acronym] ABS [Definition]

Output: Advanced Baseline Sounder


Input: [Acronym] ACE [Definition]

Output: Atmospheric Climate Experiment


Input: [Acronym] ADEOS [Comment] JAXA satellite [Definition]

Output: ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite


Input: [Acronym] ADM [Comment] WMO, IGDDS [Definition]

Output: Advanced Dissemination Methods


Input: [Acronym] ADM-Aeolus [Comment] ESA satellite [Definition]

Output: Atmospheric Dynamics Mission


Input: [Acronym] AHRPT [Comment] Metop dissemination standard [Definition]

Output: Advanced HRPT


Input: [Acronym] AIRS [Comment] Instrument on Aqua, NASA [Definition]

Output: Advanced Infra-Red Sounder


A conflict between language and atomistic information Fred Dretske and Jerry Fodor are responsible for popularizing three well-known theses in contemporary philosophy of mind : the thesis of Information-Based Semantics -LRB- IBS -RRB- , the thesis of Content Atomism -LRB- Atomism -RRB- and the thesis of the Language of Thought -LRB- LOT -RRB- . LOT concerns the semantically relevant structure of representations involved in cognitive states such as beliefs and desires . It maintains that all such representations must have syntactic structures mirroring the structure of their contents . IBS is a thesis about the nature of the relations that connect cognitive representations and their parts to their contents -LRB- semantic relations -RRB- . It holds that these relations supervene solely on relations of the kind that support information content , perhaps with some help from logical principles of combination . Atomism is a thesis about the nature of the content of simple symbols . It holds that each substantive simple symbol possesses its content independently of all other symbols in the representational system . I argue that Dretske 's and Fodor 's theories are false and that their falsehood results from a conflict IBS and Atomism , on the one hand , and LOT , on the other

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I I O B O O B O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O B O O O O


Selective representing and world-making We discuss the thesis of selective representing-the idea that the contents of the mental representations had by organisms are highly constrained by the biological niches within which the organisms evolved . While such a thesis has been defended by several authors elsewhere , our primary concern here is to take up the issue of the compatibility of selective representing and realism . We hope to show three things . First , that the notion of selective representing is fully consistent with the realist idea of a mind-independent world . Second , that not only are these two consistent , but that the latter -LRB- the realist conception of a mind-independent world -RRB- provides the most powerful perspective from which to motivate and understand the differing perceptual and cognitive profiles themselves . Third , that the -LRB- genuine and important -RRB- sense in which organism and environment may together constitute an integrated system of scientific interest poses no additional threat to the realist conception

B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Does classicism explain universality ? Arguments against a pure classical component of mind One of the hallmarks of human cognition is the capacity to generalize over arbitrary constituents . Marcus -LRB- Cognition 66 , p. 153 ; Cognitive Psychology 37 , p. 243 , 1998 -RRB- argued that this capacity , called `` universal generalization '' -LRB- universality -RRB- , is not supported by connectionist models . Instead , universality is best explained by classical symbol systems , with connectionism as its implementation . Here it is argued that universality is also a problem for classicism in that the syntax-sensitive rules that are supposed to provide causal explanations of mental processes are either too strict , precluding possible generalizations ; or too lax , providing no information as to the appropriate alternative . Consequently , universality is not explained by a classical theory

O B O B O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O O B I O O O B O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O B I O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O


Separate accounts go mainstream -LSB- investment -RSB- New entrants are shaking up the separate-account industry by supplying Web-based platforms that give advisers the tools to pick independent money managers

O O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I


Evolving receptive-field controllers for mobile robots The use of evolutionary methods to generate controllers for real-world autonomous agents has attracted attention . Most of the pertinent research has employed genetic algorithms or variations thereof . Research has applied an alternative evolutionary method , evolution strategies , to the generation of simple Braitenberg vehicles . This application accelerates the development of such controllers by more than an order of magnitude -LRB- a few hours compared to more than two days -RRB- . Motivated by this useful speedup , the paper investigates the evolution of more complex architectures , receptive-field controllers , that can employ nonlinear interactions and , therefore , can yield more complex behavior . It is interesting to note that the evolution strategy yields the same efficacy in terms of function evaluations , even though the second class of controllers requires up to 10 times more parameters than the simple Braitenberg architecture . In addition to the speedup , there is an important theoretical reason for preferring an evolution strategy over a genetic algorithm for this problem , namely the presence of epistasis

O O O O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


A scalable model of cerebellar adaptive timing and sequencing : the recurrent slide and latch -LRB- RSL -RRB- model From the dawn of modern neural network theory , the mammalian cerebellum has been a favored object of mathematical modeling studies . Early studies focused on the fanout , convergence , thresholding , and learned weighting of perceptual-motor signals within the cerebellar cortex . This led to the still viable idea that the granule cell stage in the cerebellar cortex performs a sparse expansive recoding of the time-varying input vector . This recoding reveals and emphasizes combinations in a distributed representation that serves as a basis for the learned , state-dependent control actions engendered by cerebellar outputs to movement related centers . To make optimal use of available signals , the cerebellum must be able to sift the evolving state representation for the most reliable predictors of the need for control actions , and to use those predictors even if they appear only transiently and well in advance of the optimal time for initiating the control action . The paper proposes a modification to prior , population , models for cerebellar adaptive timing and sequencing . Since it replaces a population with a single element , the proposed RSL model is in one sense maximally efficient , and therefore optimal from the perspective of scalability

O B I O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


A suggestion of fractional-order controller for flexible spacecraft attitude control A controller design method for flexible spacecraft attitude control is proposed . The system is first described by a partial differential equation with internal damping . Then the frequency response is analyzed , and the three basic characteristics of the flexible system , namely , average function , lower bound and upper bound are defined . On this basis , a fractional-order controller is proposed , which functions as phase stabilization control for lower frequency and smoothly enters to amplitude stabilization at higher frequency by proper amplitude attenuation . It is shown that the equivalent damping ratio increases in proportion to the square of frequency

O O O O O O B I I I O O O O O B I I I O O O O O O O O O O B I I O B I O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O


Extracting straight road structure in urban environments using IKONOS satellite imagery We discuss a fully automatic technique for extracting roads in urban environments . The method has its bases in a vegetation mask derived from multispectral IKONOS data and in texture derived from panchromatic IKONOS data . These two techniques together are used to distinguish road pixels . We then move from individual pixels to an object-based representation that allows reasoning on a higher level . Recognition of individual segments and intersections and the relationships among them are used to determine underlying road structure and to then logically hypothesize the existence of additional road network components . We show results on an image of San Diego , California . The object-based processing component may be adapted to utilize other basis techniques as well , and could be used to build a road network in any scene having a straight-line structured topology

O B I I O B I O B I I O O O B I I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O


Nonlinear control of a shape memory alloy actuated manipulator This paper presents a nonlinear , robust control algorithm for accurate positioning of a single degree of freedom rotary manipulator actuated by Shape Memory Alloy -LRB- SMA -RRB- . A model for an SMA actuated manipulator is presented . The model includes nonlinear dynamics of the manipulator , a constitutive model of Shape Memory Alloy , and electrical and heat transfer behavior of SMA wire . This model is used for open and closed loop motion simulations of the manipulator . Experiments are presented that show results similar to both closed and open loop simulation results . Due to modeling uncertainty and nonlinear behavior of the system , classic control methods such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative control are not able to present fast and accurate performance . Hence a nonlinear , robust control algorithm is presented based on Variable Structure Control . This algorithm is a control gain switching technique based on the weighted average of position and velocity feedbacks . This method has been designed through simulation and tested experimentally . Results show fast , accurate , and robust performance of the control system . Computer simulation and experimental results for different stabilization and tracking situations are also presented

B I O O B I I O B O O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O O B O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O B O O O O O O B I O O B O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I I O O O O O B I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B O B O O O O


Lob 's theorem as a limitation on mechanism We argue that Lob 's Theorem implies a limitation on mechanism . Specifically , we argue , via an application of a generalized version of Lob 's Theorem , that any particular device known by an observer to be mechanical can not be used as an epistemic authority -LRB- of a particular type -RRB- by that observer : either the belief-set of such an authority is not mechanizable or , if it is , there is no identifiable formal system of which the observer can know -LRB- or truly believe -RRB- it to be the theorem-set . This gives , we believe , an important and hitherto unnoticed connection between mechanism and the use of authorities by human-like epistemic agents

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(CNN) -- Shelling hit areas near two key cities in eastern Ukraine on Sunday morning, intensifying fears that a ceasefire that took effect less than two days ago may be falling apart. Why is the ceasefire under strain? A variety of fighting factions in the conflict zone -- on both sides -- may not fall directly under a military chain of command. The pro-Russian rebels are mostly volunteer militias; fighting against them on the Ukrainian side are at least some far-right nationalist militias. Controlling these groups is difficult and some may have different aims, including sabotaging the truce. At this point it's been nearly impossible to figure out who's doing the firing and why. The conditions of the ceasefire agreement don't help either. The conditions are vague and at this point there doesn't seem to be an effective mechanism in place inside the conflict zone to monitor and enforce the agreement. Why can't the two sides' leaders control their forces? It's unclear if Kiev has control over all of the fighting forces in eastern Ukraine. Some of the volunteer militias fighting alongside Ukrainian soldiers are far-right nationalists who've been critical of the current government in Kiev, but they're still fighting because they feel Ukraine is under attack by Russia. And who controls the pro-Russian rebels? Is it the local commanders? Is it Russian President Vladimir Putin? None of that is clear. Which side has the most to gain from the truce? If the truce leads to good-faith negotiations and a compromise, then both sides can gain. A compromise could look like something like this: The pro-Russian region of Donbas gets autonomy and self-determination under a federalized Ukrainian government, and in return the rebels drop their demand for independence and Kiev gets to protect Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. There are elements on both sides that don't want a compromise, and they could certainly have the potential of undermining the truce. What happens next? We wait to see if the overnight shellings and firings are an anomaly or if they're a sign of more violence and more fighting. If the ceasefire sticks, both sides have agreed to hold talks that will address the core issues and demands on both sides that are still unresolved -- including the disarming of the rebels, a guarantee of self-determination for the pro-Russian Donbas region, the fate of Russian-annexed Crimea, constitutional reform, and a solution to the humanitarian crisis in the conflict zone. Obviously if the fighting continues, all bets are off. What effect does this have on the rest of the world? What happens in the coming days will determine the next move by NATO and Western leaders. If the ceasefire falls apart, the West will likely turn up the pressure by following through with sanctions and bolstering Western forces in NATO's Baltic-member states. Moscow has already threatened to respond if that happens. The bottom line is, the conflict will escalate and so will the prospects of a regional conflict -- although at this point that seems unlikely.

Shelling in eastern Ukraine raises fears that a ceasefire may fall apart .
Reza Sayah: It's been nearly impossible to say who's doing firing and why .
It's unclear who has control over fighting forces on either side in east Ukraine .
There are elements on both sides that don't want a compromise .


(CNN) -- Remember when oil giant BP paid billions of dollars to clean up its own mess from the 2010 Gulf oil spill? Then the company agreed to plead guilty to criminal charges and pay an unprecedented $4 billion fine for the spill. In the latest development, Wednesday, BP was essentially told to stand in the corner when it comes to winning new federal contracts -- a potentially huge blow to the company's bottom line. And it's still likely on the hook for civil penalties the federal government hopes to recover for environmental damages. So, is BP being punished enough for the deadly and destructive Deepwater Horizon spill, or too much? It depends on who you ask. This matters. BP says it supports nearly a quarter of a million American jobs and has invested $52 billion in the United States since 2007. Experts suggest punishments ranging from massive fines to banning the company from offshore drilling. However this all shakes out, it likely will send a powerful message to the industry. Families of killed rig workers react to BP settlement . First, here's what happened Wednesday: . The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said it will block BP from new government contracts due to its "lack of business integrity" stemming from the 2010 explosion and oil spill. It was a tragedy that killed 11 oil workers and dumped 205 million gallons of oil into the Gulf in a slow-moving, 85-day national drama that prosecutors called the worst environmental disaster in U.S. history. This month hasn't been good to BP. The decision follows the London-based company's agreement November 15 to plead guilty to criminal charges including manslaughter, obstruction of Congress and environmental violations related to the explosion and spill -- an agreement that still requires a judge's approval. What it means . Wednesday's EPA decision means BP won't be allowed to compete for new contracts, grants or other business until the company shows it meets federal business standards. As of February, BP had $9 billion in contracts to supply the U.S. government with fuel, most of it destined for military users, said Christine Tiscareno, a London-based analyst with S&P Capital IQ. Those contracts aren't affected by the EPA decision, the agency said. BP said it's already filed paperwork to get back in good graces with the EPA, said the agency is already preparing an administrative agreement to lift the suspension and highlighted what the company says it's done to rectify the situation. "As BP's submissions to the EPA have made clear, the company has made significant enhancements since the accident," the company said in a statement. "The company launched an internal investigation immediately after the accident, publicly released the results, and has been implementing all 26 of the investigation's recommendations." What's ahead . The next big step in the case comes in February, when a civil trial is expected to begin over the government's demand for civil damages under the Clean Water Act. That case could draw huge new fines for the company. The disaster, in addition to claiming 11 lives, caused disruption to countless residents and businesses, many of whom counted on the Gulf for their livelihoods, whether in the oil fields, fishing grounds or tourist beaches. For some, including environmentalists, the company couldn't be fined enough or spend enough money to get back on their good side. "Well, you know, we're discussing the worst environmental disaster in U.S. history," said Matt Dundas, acting campaign director at the environmental group Oceana. "The punishment needs to fit the crime." But, he said, the record $4 billion fine BP is expected to pay as a result of the criminal case is a tenth of the maximum it could have faced, making it small consolation to BP's harshest critics. The fine, while a record for the U.S. justice system, represents less than three months worth of profits for BP. The company reported $5.2 billion in profits in the quarter that ended September 30. Dundas is now rooting for the maximum possible verdict in the civil case -- $50 billion in fines. But he says there's only one punishment that would really get BP and other oil companies to sit up and take steps to prevent what Dundas says is the overwhelming risk of another large oil spill: being kicked out of the game entirely. "I think a terrific minimum would be to bar them from offshore drilling," he said. "That's really the only standard that's going to get oil companies to pay attention." The head of a trade association representing BP and other oil and gas operators in Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico said Wednesday that BP has already complied with government requirements. "BP has done everything that the federal government has asked and more. ... This new EPA designation is another layer," said Chris John, president of the Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association. "How much is enough, when the economy in America is trying to dig out of the recession, and energy ... is a very important component to getting Americans back to work?" The EPA's decision could have a negative impact beyond BP, he said, affecting other companies in the industry who have also complied with regulators. "The companies that operate out in the Gulf of Mexico, they can go anywhere, they're global. They can drill anywhere in the world," John said. "They have chosen to come back to the Gulf in the past few years. ... This additional statement and designation by the EPA has to play into their decision of where to put their capital." BP didn't directly address whether it believes it has paid enough for the disaster, but noted Wednesday that it has spent $14 billion in response and cleanup costs, $1 million on restoration projects and $9 billion in compensation and expects to spend $7.8 billion more to resolve the majority of outstanding claims. Owning up . The company also pointed out it has acknowledged criminal responsibility, carried out recommendations made by investigators who studied the incident and has taken actions to strengthen safety and drilling standards that exceed federal regulations. Tiscareno, the oil analyst, said that while the costs to BP have been steep, they are bearable for the company. The big question is what happens in February, when the civil case goes to trial. Tiscareno said she expects BP, which has taken a long-term approach to recovering from the spill, will recover financially unless the civil trial nets an "irrational" decision. A huge verdict could pose problems for BP, Tiscareno said, but she said the government can't go too far in gutting the firm because of all the jobs and tax revenues the company provides. BP has invested $52 billion in the U.S. in the last five years, employs 23,000 U.S. residents and indirectly supports nearly 250,000 jobs, the company said Wednesday. "The U.S. needs BP as much as BP needs the U.S.," Tiscareno said. CNN's Kendra Wates and Catherine E. Shoichet contributed to this report.

NEW: Trade association: "BP has done everything that the federal government has asked"
Two years after the oil spill, experts weigh in on possible punishments for BP .
BP says it expects the temporary ban will be lifted soon .
The EPA says the oil giant showed a "lack of business integrity"


Adel Taarabt appeared for QPR for the first time since his public fall-out with Harry Redknapp in Monday afternoon's reserve game against Ipswich Town. The Moroccan's days at Loftus Road appeared to be numbered after his extraordinary spat with Redknapp last month. Taarabt claimed his manager never takes a training session after Redknapp had accused the midfielder of being 'three stone overweight' following the 3-2 defeat to Liverpool. VIDEO Scroll down to watch Harry Redknapp say  Taarabt's camp have told blatant lies . Adel Taarabt has played just three first-team games for QPR this season after returning from loan at AC Milan . Taarabt laughed off claims by QPR manager Harry Redknapp that the midfielder was 'three stone overweight' The 25-year-old was due to play for the club's Under 21s last week, but wasn't included in the draw against Swansea. However, Taarabt came through 90 minutes in the 3-0 win against Ipswich Town as he tries to prove his fitness to his boss. The former Spurs man, who has been hampered by an ankle injury, has been limited to just three appearances for the R's this season after returning from a loan spell at AC Milan. Taarabt hit back at Redknapp during an exclusive interview with Sportsmail last month . Taarabt spent last campaign on loan at Fulham and then Serie A side AC Milan .

Moroccan played 90 minutes for Under 21s in 3-0 win against Ipswich Town .
Taarabt has made just three first-team appearances for the R's this season .
Midfielder was accused of being 'overweight' by manager Harry Redknapp .
Taarabt hit back and claimed Redknapp never took training sessions .


By . Wills Robinson . PUBLISHED: . 11:14 EST, 6 March 2014 . | . UPDATED: . 12:19 EST, 6 March 2014 . Members of the feminist punk group Pussy Riot have been attacked by a gang of men inside a Russian McDonalds. Nadya Tolokonnikova and Masha Alyokhina were covered in paint while they sat and had breakfast in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The pair, who were jailed for hooliganism in 2012, also had pepper spray, green antispetic and metal thrown in their faces during the assault. Scroll down for video . Attacked: Nadya Tolokonnikova and Masha Alyokhina were covered in paint during the assault while they sat and had breakfast in the city of Nizhny Novgorod . Distressed: The pair spoke directly into the camera after the incident . They were visiting the area to inspect a local prison with Peter Verzilov and members of NGO 'Zone of the Rights'. Tolonnikova allegedly left the restaurant with a 'cut forehead' and the group have complained to the police. She was seen getting up from her seat and clutching her face during the incident. while the gang of men continually shouted abuse. When the attack eventually stopped, one of the men held up a sign to the camera while another was seen shouting down the lens. At around 7.00 am the group barged into the fast food restaurant where the musicians and their crew were eating. Gang: They were covered in paint, antiseptic and pepper spray by the group of men . Prolonged: The gang shouted abuse while they continued to launch the liquids at the members of the feminist band . Close: One of the attackers faced up to Nadya Tolokonnikova, preparing to throw something at her . Abuse: The individuals continued to shout at the musicians while a crowd built up behind them . It is not the first time the group have been targeted by members of the public. At the start of the Sochi winter . Olympics, members of the group were whipped and tackled to the ground by Cossacks as . they sang in protest. The . band started to perform an anti-Putin song under a sign advertising the . Winter Olympics. But singer Tolokonnikova was brutally whipped . in the attack and the guitarist was left bloodied and bruised. Last month, Tolokonnikova was filmed saying the anti-government protests in Ukraine were an 'inspiation'. She was also among those arrested during protests outside a Moscow courthouse. Tolokonnikova and Alyokhina were released from seperate prisons on December 23, 2013 after the Russian State Duma approved an amnesty. Speech: An attacker spoke into a camera owned by the NGO 'Zone of the Rights' in the aftermath of the assault . Slogan: One man holds up a sign to the camera before the group leave the restaurant .

Nadya Tolokonnikova and Masha Alyokhina were also pepper sprayed .
The pair were in city of Nizhny Novgorod visiting a local prison .
Alyokhina reportedly left the fast food restaurant with a 'cut forehead'


Lions is the sixth studio album by American rock band The Black Crowes. It was released in 2001 as their first album on V2 Records following their departure from Columbia, and is their only studio album to feature guitarist Audley Freed. Lions was recorded in New York City in January and February of that year, and was produced by Don Was. Bass guitar duties were shared by Rich Robinson and Was, as Greg Rzab had left the band and was not replaced until the tour that followed the release of the album. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at its peak position of 20, selling more than 53,000 copies in its first week. Lions received mixed reviews; although the overall sound of the album generally garnered praise, a frequent complaint was the lack of \"memorable\" songs. The critics who rated Lions lowest considered it a poor imitation of the band's influences, such as Led Zeppelin. The band supported Lions with two North American tours (one with Oasis co-headlining), and a short tour of Europe and Japan in between. Soundboard recordings of several concerts were available for download to those who owned the album. Following the tour, the band went on hiatus until 2005.


Cancer Prevention Research is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering oncology. It was established in 2008 and is published by the American Association for Cancer Research. The editor-in-chief is Scott Lippman (UC San Diego School of Medicine). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 4.444.


The Princeton University Chapel is located on that university's main campus in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. It replaces an older chapel that burned down in 1920. Designed in 1921 by Ralph Adams Cram in his signature Collegiate Gothic style, it was built by the university between 1924 and 1928 at a cost of $2.3 million. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered a sermon there in 1960. The chapel was rededicated in an interfaith ceremony in 2002 following a major two-year restoration. Its size and design evoke a small cathedral of the English Middle Ages. The only university chapel of its size at the time it was built was King's College Chapel at the University of Cambridge. The foundation is poured concrete, and the superstructure is sandstone and limestone. The main sanctuary consists of a narthex, a gallery, a nave, two transepts joined by a crossing, and an elevated choir. The chapel's extensive iconography consists of stained glass, stonemasonry, and wood carvings. Among the stained glass are four \"great windows\", one facing each cardinal direction, and four \"Christian epic\" windows in the walls of the choir. The iconography was planned by Albert M. Friend, a faculty member in Princeton's Department of Art and Archaeology, with the goal of portraying, in one scholar's words, a \"synthesis between Christian faith and modern thought.\" The chapel seats almost 2,000 people. A nondenominational chapel, it hosts weekly ecumenical Christian services and daily Catholic Masses. It also hosts several annual special events, such as baccalaureate services and commencements.


Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii is a subspecies of venomous pitviper  endemic to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. In places its range overlaps that of S. c. tergeminus, and intergrading of the two subspecies is not unknown.


The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, or IAPMO, coordinates the development and adaptation of plumbing, mechanical, swimming pool and solar energy codes to meet the specific needs of individual jurisdictions both in the United States and abroad. IAPMO develops and publishes the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC); Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC); Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code (USPSHTC); Uniform Solar Energy Code (USEC); and the Green Plumbing and Mechanical Code Supplement (GPMCS).


for all methods , the tweets were tokenized with the cmu twitter nlp tool .

the tweets were tokenized and part-ofspeech tagged with the cmu ark twitter nlp tool and stanford corenlp .


it was shown by nederhof et al that prefix probabilities can also be effectively computed for probabilistic tree adjoining grammars .

nederhof et al , for instance , show that prefix probabilities , and therefore surprisal , can be estimated from tree adjoining grammars .


first , kikuchi et al proposed a new long short-term memory network to control the length of the sentence generated by an encoder-decoder model in a text summarization task .

first , kikuchi et al tried to control the length of the sentence generated by an encoder-decoder model in a text summarization task .


with word confusion networks further improves performance .

the complexity is dominated by the word confusion network construction and parsing .


fofe can model the word order in a sequence based on a simple ordinally-forgetting mechanism , which uses the position of each word in the sequence .

fofe can model the word order in a sequence using a simple ordinally-forgetting mechanism according to the positions of words .


dependency parsing consists of finding the structure of a sentence as expressed by a set of directed links ( dependencies ) between words .

dependency parsing is a way of structurally analyzing a sentence from the viewpoint of modification .


for each task , we provide separate training , development , and test datasets for english , arabic , and spanish tweets .

for each task , we provided training , development , and test datasets for english , arabic , and spanish tweets .


a 3-gram language model was trained from the target side of the training data for chinese and arabic , using the srilm toolkit .

a 5-gram language model with kneser-ney smoothing was trained with srilm on monolingual english data .


c . ~ = { ( subj , 0 ) , < n , 0 ) , < v , 0 ) , < comp , 0 ) , ( bar , 0 ) , and a type 1feature successor to the feature system and . . . < agr , 1 ) , < slash , 1 ) } .

we add a type 0 feature 0e ( with p ( 0e ) = { 0 } ) c. ~= { ( subj , 0 ) , < n , 0 ) , < v , 0 ) , < comp,0 ) , ( bar , 0 ) , and a type 1feature successor to the feature system and ... < agr , 1 ) , < slash , 1 ) } use this to build the set of indices .


Complete tags of superglue dataset card

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['The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4867). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.']

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Related to #4479 .

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amend docstring for dunder

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display dunder method in docsting with underlines an not bold markdown.

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Dataset Viewer issue for MoritzLaurer/multilingual_nli

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### Link

_No response_

### Description

I've just uploaded a new dataset to the hub and the viewer does not work for some reason, see here: https://huggingface.co/datasets/MoritzLaurer/multilingual_nli

It displays the error:
```
Status code:   400
Exception:     Status400Error
Message:       The dataset does not exist.
```

Weirdly enough the dataviewer works for an earlier version of the same dataset. The only difference is that it is smaller, but I'm not aware of other changes I have made: https://huggingface.co/datasets/MoritzLaurer/multilingual_nli_test

Do you know why the dataviewer is not working?

### Owner

_No response_

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Allow pathlib PoxisPath in Dataset.read_json

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**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
```
from pathlib import Path
from datasets import Dataset
ds = Dataset.read_json(Path('data.json'))
```
causes an error
```
AttributeError: 'PosixPath' object has no attribute 'decode'
```

**Describe the solution you'd like**

It should be able to accept PosixPath and read the json from inside.

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TFDS wiki_dialog dataset to Huggingface dataset

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['@albertvillanova any help ? The linked dataset is in beam format which is similar to wikipedia dataset in huggingface that you  scripted..'
 'Nvm, I was able to port it to huggingface datasets, will upload to the hub soon'
 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/djaym7/wiki_dialog']

## Adding a Dataset
- **Name:** *Wiki_dialog*
- **Description: https://github.com/google-research/dialog-inpainting#:~:text=JSON%20object%2C%20for-,example,-%3A
- **Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.09073
- **Data: https://github.com/google-research/dialog-inpainting
- **Motivation:** *Research and Development on biggest corpus of dialog data*

Instructions to add a new dataset can be found [here](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/ADD_NEW_DATASET.md).

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Using disk for memory with the method `from_dict`

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**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
I start with an empty dataset. In a loop, at each iteration, I create a new dataset with the method `from_dict` (based on some data I load) and I concatenate this new dataset with the one at the previous iteration. After some iterations, I have an OOM error.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
The method `from_dict` loads the data in RAM. It could be good to add an option to use the disk instead.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**
To solve the problem, I have to do an intermediate step where I save the new datasets at each iteration with `save_to_disk`. Once it's done, I open them all and concatenate them.

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Add collection3 dataset

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can't install using conda on Windows 10

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[{'id': 1935892857, 'node_id': 'MDU6TGFiZWwxOTM1ODkyODU3', 'url': 'https://api.github.com/repos/huggingface/datasets/labels/bug', 'name': 'bug', 'color': 'd73a4a', 'default': True, 'description': "Something isn't working"}]

## Describe the bug
I wanted to install using conda or Anaconda navigator. That didn't work, so I had to install using pip.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
conda install -c huggingface -c conda-forge datasets

## Expected results
Should have indicated successful installation.

## Actual results
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
... took forever, so I cancelled it with ctrl-c

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.4.0  # after installing with pip
- Platform: Windows-10-10.0.19044-SP0
- Python version: 3.9.12
- PyArrow version: 9.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
- conda version: 4.13.0

conda info

     active environment : base
    active env location : G:\anaconda2022
            shell level : 1
       user config file : C:\Users\michael\.condarc
 populated config files : C:\Users\michael\.condarc
          conda version : 4.13.0
    conda-build version : 3.21.8
         python version : 3.9.12.final.0
       virtual packages : __cuda=11.1=0
                          __win=0=0
                          __archspec=1=x86_64
       base environment : G:\anaconda2022  (writable)
      conda av data dir : G:\anaconda2022\etc\conda
  conda av metadata url : None
           channel URLs : https://conda.anaconda.org/pytorch/win-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/pytorch/noarch
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/huggingface/win-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/huggingface/noarch
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/win-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/anaconda-fusion/win-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/anaconda-fusion/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch
          package cache : G:\anaconda2022\pkgs
                          C:\Users\michael\.conda\pkgs
                          C:\Users\michael\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
       envs directories : G:\anaconda2022\envs
                          C:\Users\michael\.conda\envs
                          C:\Users\michael\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
               platform : win-64
             user-agent : conda/4.13.0 requests/2.27.1 CPython/3.9.12 Windows/10 Windows/10.0.19044
          administrator : False
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

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map() function removes columns when input_columns is not None

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## Describe the bug
The map function, removes features from the dataset that are not present in the _input_columns_ list of columns, despite the columns being removed not mentioned in the _remove_columns_ argument.
## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
from datasets import Dataset
ds = Dataset.from_dict({"a" : [1,2,3],"b" : [0,1,0], "c" : [2,4,5]})

def double(x,y):
  x = x*2
  y = y*2
  return {"d" : x, "e" : y}

ds.map(double, input_columns=["a","c"])
```

## Expected results
```
Dataset({
    features: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'],
    num_rows: 3
})
```
## Actual results
```
Dataset({
    features: ['a', 'c', 'd', 'e'],
    num_rows: 3
})
```

In this specific example feature **b** should not be removed.

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version: 2.4.0
- Platform: linux (colab)
- Python version: 3.7.13
- PyArrow version: 6.0.1

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Eating pizza with a stuffy nose just isn't as satisfying -- and there's a reason for that. Dr. Jen Gunter explains how our ability to smell and taste work together to give us a full sensory experience. So whether you're sniffing the caramelized aroma of coffee, a whiff of trash or a trillion other things, your brain knows exactly what's under your nose. For more on how your body works, tune into her podcast, Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter, from the TED Audio Collective.


"We all have our own beautiful ways of moving, and this is worth celebrating," says dancer and choreographer Ryan Heffington. Inviting you to reconsider your connection to dance, he shows how even everyday experiences -- tying your shoes, rocking a baby, whisking up some mac and cheese -- can offer choreographic inspiration and help you find joy and release when you need it most. After the talk, dancers Nico Lonetree and Ryan Spencer perform a dazzling routine infused with the humor and beauty of daily movements.


You may need to hear this (if you haven't already): your job is not your family. While you can develop meaningful relationships with your colleagues, calling work your family can actually breed burnout and be detrimental to your mental and emotional health. Mental wellness educator Gloria Chan Packer walks through the exercises you need to shift your perspective and redraw the boundaries between your work and personal life, so you can feel freer and more empowered.


Does the key to stopping cancer lie in the heart? Cardiologist Nicholas Leeper digs into emerging scientific research on the link between the world's two leading causes of death, heart disease and cancer, sharing how their biological origins may be connected -- and treatable with the same therapeutics. A call to challenge dogma and break down traditional silos in science, with the hope of saving lives.


Despite common belief, retirement takes more than financial planning. And while you may be beyond ready to go on permanent vacation, you also have to psychologically prepare for when the novelty wears off. Riley Moynes explains the four phases of retirement and offers a framework for how to avoid the inevitable pitfalls of taking it too easy in order to help you make the most of your golden years.


Whose pleasure is prioritized during sex, and why? Psychosexologist Karen Gurney explains how a lack of equal pleasure in the bedroom actually reflects broader gender inequality in society -- and asks you to reconsider what dynamics are at play, even behind closed doors.


Low-status neighborhoods in the US are often stuck between stagnating assistance from the government and gentrification at the hands of real estate developers. The result is that the brightest minds are convinced that "success" means leaving town. Urban revitalizer Majora Carter has a solution: What if we treated these communities like struggling companies? She presents a restorative economic approach to capitalism, which seeks to retain talent, build resilient communities and prove that you don't have to move out of your neighborhood to live in a better one.


Nuclear power is one of the safest, cleanest forms of energy -- yet to most people, it might not feel that way. Why is that? Isabelle Boemeke, the world's first nuclear energy influencer and creator of the social media persona Isodope, deftly debunks the major objections to nuclear power and explains her unconventional way of educating people about this clean energy source.


Does datasets support load text from HDFS?

The raw text data is stored on HDFS due to the dataset's size is too large to store on my develop machine,
so I wander does datasets support read data from hdfs?


Avoid unnecessary list creations

Like in `join([... for s in ...])`. Also changed other things that I saw:
* Use a `with` statement for many `open` that missed them, so the files don't remain open.
* Remove unused variables.
* Many HTTP links converted into HTTPS (verified).
* Remove unnecessary "r" mode arg in `open` (double-checked it was actually the default in each case).
* Remove Python 2 style of using `super`.
* Run `pyupgrade $(find . -name "*.py" -type f) --py36-plus` (which already does some of the previous points).
* Run `dos2unix $(find . -name "*.py" -type f)` (CRLF to LF line endings).
* Fix typos.


URL query parameters are set as path in the compression hop for fsspec

bug

Something isn't working

## Describe the bug
There is an ssue with `StreamingDownloadManager._extract`.

I don't know how the test `test_streaming_gg_drive_gzipped` passes:

For
```python
TEST_GG_DRIVE_GZIPPED_URL = "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1Bt4Garpf0QLiwkJhHJzXaVa0I0H5Qhwz"
urlpath = StreamingDownloadManager().download_and_extract(TEST_GG_DRIVE_GZIPPED_URL)
```
gives `urlpath`:
```python
'gzip://uc?export=download&id=1Bt4Garpf0QLiwkJhHJzXaVa0I0H5Qhwz::https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1Bt4Garpf0QLiwkJhHJzXaVa0I0H5Qhwz'
```

The gzip path makes no sense: `gzip://uc?export=download&id=1Bt4Garpf0QLiwkJhHJzXaVa0I0H5Qhwz`

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
from datasets.utils.streaming_download_manager import StreamingDownloadManager

dl_manager = StreamingDownloadManager()
urlpath = dl_manager.extract("https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1Bt4Garpf0QLiwkJhHJzXaVa0I0H5Qhwz")
print(urlpath)
```

## Expected results
The query parameters should not be set as part of the path.


Update ADD_NEW_DATASET.md

fixed make style prompt for Windows Terminal


Fix weird spacing in ManualDownloadError message

`textwrap.dedent` works based on the spaces at the beginning. Before this change, there wasn't any space.


enhancement

New feature or request

You can add columns that you wish to set into `torch` format using `dataset.set_format("torch", ['id', 'abc'])` so that input batch of the transform only contains those columns

Sorry, I miss `output_all_columns` args and thought after `dataset.set_format("torch", columns=columns)` I can only get specific columns I assigned.

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
When using `dataset.set_format("torch")`, I must make sure every columns in datasets can convert to `torch`, however, sometimes I want to keep some string columns.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
skip columns which cannot set to specific format when set_format instead of raise an error.


make shape verification to use ArrayXD instead of nested lists for map

New feature or request

As describe in https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/issues/2005#issuecomment-793716753 and mentioned by @mariosasko in [image feature example](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1mIrTnqTVkWLJWoBzT1ABSe-LFelIep1c#scrollTo=ow3XHDvf2I0B&line=1&uniqifier=1), IMO make shape verifcaiton to use ArrayXD instead of nested lists for map can help user reduce unnecessary cast. I notice datasets have done something special for `input_ids` and `attention_mask` which is also unnecessary after this feature added.


Remove unused phony rule from Makefile


Fix duplicate keys in NewsQA

* Fix duplicate keys in NewsQA when loading from CSV files.
* Fix s/narqa/newsqa/ in the download manually error message.
* Make the download manually error message show nicely when printed. Otherwise, is hard to read due to spacing issues.
* Fix the format of the license text.
* Reformat the code to make it simpler.


Fix overriding of filesystem info

Previously, `BaseCompressedFileFileSystem.info` was overridden and transformed from function to dict.

This generated a bug for filesystem methods that use `self.info()`, like e.g. `fs.isfile()`.

This PR:
- Adds tests for `fs.isfile` (that use `fs.info`).
- Fixes custom `BaseCompressedFileFileSystem.info` by removing its overriding.


Context: ABC became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS when, continuing NBC Blue's traditions of public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman, performances from the Metropolitan Opera, and jazz concerts aired as part of its broadcast of The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street announced by Milton Cross. The network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. However, ABC made a name for itself by utilizing the practice of counterprogramming, with which it often placed shows of its own against the offerings of NBC and CBS, adopting the use of the Magnetophon tape recorder, brought to the U.S. from Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming. With the help of the Magnetophon, ABC was able to provide its stars with greater freedom in terms of time, and also attract several big names, such as Bing Crosby at a time when NBC and CBS did not allow pre-taped shows.

Question: ABC continued NBC Blue's tradition of what?

public service
public service
public service


Context: British victories continued in all theaters in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec (in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders), and victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760 when, despite losing outside Quebec City in the Battle of Sainte-Foy, the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche while armies marched on Montreal from three sides.

Question: What battle outside Quebec City did British lose in 1760?

Battle of Sainte-Foy
Sainte-Foy
Battle of Sainte-Foy
Battle of Sainte-Foy
Battle of Sainte-Foy


Context: One of the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees. The Yuan government used woodblocks to print paper money, but switched to bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China. The Yuan minister Bolad was sent to Iran, where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu. The Il-khanate government issued paper money in 1294, but public distrust of the exotic new currency doomed the experiment.

Question: What had the Yuan used to print its money before bronze plates?


Context: Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited.

Question: When did Tesla discover the possibility of wireless connectivity?


puppies learning new tricks
children growing up and getting old
flowers wilting in a vase
plants sprouting, blooming and wilting


When standing miles away from Mount Rushmore

the mountains seem very close

the mountains are boring

the mountains look the same as from up close

the mountains seem smaller than in photographs


the mind needs time to digest
take a second to digest what I said
nutrients are being deconstructed
reader's digest is a body of works


warm lights that float

made out of nitrate

great balls of gas burning billions of miles away

lights in the sky


straw
Glass
Candle
mailing tube


Poison causes harm to which of the following?

a Tree
a robot
a house
a car


an inherited characteristic found on all mammals is

nails teeth shoes fur


plants mushrooms bacteria robots


the headlights become more intense
the headlights recede into the dark
the headlights remain at a constant
the headlights turn off


When the weather changes as it does from Christmas to Easter,

the air may chill
the ground may freeze
the plants may die
the ground may warm


Folks, when you say "The corona virus isn't a big deal, it only kills the disabled, elderly, chornically-ill, and immunocompromised," the implication is that those people are expendable. Please be more careful.


Just 1 case of Corona Virus in India and people are crazy for masks!! Daily 400 people die in road crashes & still no craze for HelmetsThinking face safetysaves be it virus or road crashes!


President realDonaldTrump made a commitment to donate his salary while in office. Honoring that promise and to further protect the American people, he is donating his 2019 Q4 salary to HHSGov to support the efforts being undertaken to confront, contain, and combat Coronavirus.


I live in Seattle, I have all symptoms of COVID-19 and have a history of chronic bronchitis. Since I work in a physical therapy clinic with many 65+ patients and those with chronic illnesses, I decided to be responsible and go to get tested. This is how that went.


my dad said "why don't they just cure corona virus" and i told him it reminded me of this home movies clip


Experts across the world have advised to reduce mass gatherings to avoid the spread of COVID-19 Novel Coronavirus. Hence, this year I have decided not to participate in any Holi Milan programme.


Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu netanyahu encourages Israelis to adopt the Indian way of greeting Namaste at a press conference to mitigate the spread of coronavirus


Dear realDonaldTrump : You knew about Covid 19 in January. It is March and your Administration still does not have enough test kits. That is unconscionable and a dereliction of duty. Stop minimizing the CoronaOutbreak and start leading. Lives are at stake. <link>


membership of parliament see minutes


approval of minutes of previous sitting see minutes


verification of credentials see minutes


documents received see minutes


written statements and oral questions tabling see minutes


texts of agreements forwarded by the council see minutes


action taken on parliament's resolutions see minutes


agenda for next sitting see minutes


Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 10 percent chance of losing 22 dollars and a 90 percent chance of earning 200 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up earning 200 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 30 percent chance of losing 20 dollars and a 70 percent chance of earning 900 dollars. John plays the game and ends up earning 900 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 9 percent chance of earning 5 dollars and a 91 percent chance of losing 200 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up losing 200 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 15 percent chance of losing 2 dollars and a 85 percent chance of earning 200 dollars. John plays the game and ends up earning 200 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 97 percent chance of earning 7500 dollars and a 3 percent chance of losing 22 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up earning 7500 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 15 percent chance of earning 12 dollars and a 85 percent chance of losing 10000 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 10000 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Susan has the option to play a game where Susan has a 25 percent chance of losing 1 dollars and a 75 percent chance of earning 500 dollars. Susan plays the game and ends up earning 500 dollars. Did Susan make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 20 percent chance of losing 22 dollars and a 80 percent chance of earning 500 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up earning 500 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 7 percent chance of losing 20 dollars and a 93 percent chance of earning 750 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up earning 750 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 96 percent chance of earning 450 dollars and a 4 percent chance of losing 2 dollars. David plays the game and ends up earning 450 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Susan has the option to play a game where Susan has a 80 percent chance of losing 750 dollars and a 20 percent chance of earning 15 dollars. Susan plays the game and ends up earning 15 dollars. Did Susan make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer:


Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 97 percent chance of losing 450 dollars and a 3 percent chance of earning 10 dollars. John plays the game and ends up losing 450 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 15 percent chance of losing 20 dollars and a 85 percent chance of earning 7500 dollars. David plays the game and ends up earning 7500 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 4 percent chance of earning 5 dollars and a 96 percent chance of losing 7500 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up losing 7500 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Susan has the option to play a game where Susan has a 97 percent chance of earning 300 dollars and a 3 percent chance of losing 4 dollars. Susan plays the game and ends up earning 300 dollars. Did Susan make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 10 percent chance of earning 5 dollars and a 90 percent chance of losing 250 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up losing 250 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 8 percent chance of losing 22 dollars and a 92 percent chance of earning 50 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up earning 50 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Susan has the option to play a game where Susan has a 7 percent chance of earning 2 dollars and a 93 percent chance of losing 250 dollars. Susan plays the game and ends up losing 250 dollars. Did Susan make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 85 percent chance of losing 750 dollars and a 15 percent chance of earning 10 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up losing 750 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 5 percent chance of earning 4 dollars and a 95 percent chance of losing 10000 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up losing 10000 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 4 percent chance of earning 1 dollars and a 96 percent chance of losing 300 dollars. John plays the game and ends up losing 300 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 25 percent chance of losing 10 dollars and a 75 percent chance of earning 200 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up losing 10 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer:


Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 9 percent chance of earning 5 dollars and a 91 percent chance of losing 300 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up losing 300 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Susan has the option to play a game where Susan has a 8 percent chance of losing 22 dollars and a 92 percent chance of earning 1000 dollars. Susan plays the game and ends up earning 1000 dollars. Did Susan make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 6 percent chance of earning 5 dollars and a 94 percent chance of losing 500 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up losing 500 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 5 percent chance of earning 25 dollars and a 95 percent chance of losing 450 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up losing 450 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 99 percent chance of earning 50 dollars and a 1 percent chance of losing 20 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up earning 50 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 94 percent chance of earning 450 dollars and a 6 percent chance of losing 15 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up earning 450 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 97 percent chance of earning 750 dollars and a 3 percent chance of losing 25 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up earning 750 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 3 percent chance of losing 22 dollars and a 97 percent chance of earning 750 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up earning 750 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 95 percent chance of earning 900 dollars and a 5 percent chance of losing 5 dollars. David plays the game and ends up earning 900 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 7 percent chance of earning 5 dollars and a 93 percent chance of losing 5000 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 5000 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 70 percent chance of losing 500 dollars and a 30 percent chance of earning 15 dollars. John plays the game and ends up earning 15 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer:


Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 96 percent chance of losing 200 dollars and a 4 percent chance of earning 12 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up losing 200 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 6 percent chance of earning 22 dollars and a 94 percent chance of losing 500 dollars. John plays the game and ends up losing 500 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 91 percent chance of losing 5000 dollars and a 9 percent chance of earning 4 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up losing 5000 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 94 percent chance of losing 450 dollars and a 6 percent chance of earning 10 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 450 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 91 percent chance of losing 250 dollars and a 9 percent chance of earning 22 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up losing 250 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Susan has the option to play a game where Susan has a 93 percent chance of losing 900 dollars and a 7 percent chance of earning 12 dollars. Susan plays the game and ends up losing 900 dollars. Did Susan make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 3 percent chance of losing 3 dollars and a 97 percent chance of earning 100 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up earning 100 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 5 percent chance of earning 3 dollars and a 95 percent chance of losing 400 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 400 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 80 percent chance of losing 7500 dollars and a 20 percent chance of earning 2 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 7500 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 10 percent chance of earning 4 dollars and a 90 percent chance of losing 5000 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 5000 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 30 percent chance of earning 22 dollars and a 70 percent chance of losing 1000 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up earning 22 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer:


Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 20 percent chance of earning 2 dollars and a 80 percent chance of losing 900 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up losing 900 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 98 percent chance of earning 10000 dollars and a 2 percent chance of losing 5 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up earning 10000 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 91 percent chance of earning 50 dollars and a 9 percent chance of losing 20 dollars. David plays the game and ends up earning 50 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 7 percent chance of losing 1 dollars and a 93 percent chance of earning 10000 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up earning 10000 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Margaret has the option to play a game where Margaret has a 92 percent chance of losing 1000 dollars and a 8 percent chance of earning 10 dollars. Margaret plays the game and ends up losing 1000 dollars. Did Margaret make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 93 percent chance of earning 10000 dollars and a 7 percent chance of losing 1 dollars. John plays the game and ends up earning 10000 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: Michael has the option to play a game where Michael has a 6 percent chance of losing 5 dollars and a 94 percent chance of earning 5000 dollars. Michael plays the game and ends up earning 5000 dollars. Did Michael make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: Y
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 25 percent chance of earning 2 dollars and a 75 percent chance of losing 5000 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 5000 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: David has the option to play a game where David has a 2 percent chance of earning 25 dollars and a 98 percent chance of losing 300 dollars. David plays the game and ends up losing 300 dollars. Did David make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: Sarah has the option to play a game where Sarah has a 99 percent chance of losing 450 dollars and a 1 percent chance of earning 3 dollars. Sarah plays the game and ends up losing 450 dollars. Did Sarah make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: N
Question: John has the option to play a game where John has a 95 percent chance of earning 100 dollars and a 5 percent chance of losing 12 dollars. John plays the game and ends up losing 12 dollars. Did John make the right decision? Choose Y or N.
Answer: