Social justice. Sunday. So it is. Appropriate that. H a pal davies fund. Sabbatical. Funding are gaspard. And that bishop john selders. That's for this day. So a warm. The ham i'm going to tell you a little bit about him. He comes from several religious route. Flavors. Pentecostal upbringing. Bishop in the anglican order of the african orthodox church. Ucc minister serving as pastor at amistad you. In hartford. But he is my usage. Akali. I was not responsible for this. Haitian but i sure was delighted by it. He is a colleague with whom i have served on the nash. The board of. The coalition. For less. Gabe i said. And bishop's elders and i were nash. Coordinator. Together. Of the bisexual network of our denominator. He is a national spokesperson with the human rights can. Religion of faith council. And. This is where sharon groves and others who go to also. Work. He and his wonderful wife pam have a son a daughter a beautiful girl. He has been my community organizing buddy over the last seven years. And. Is my friend. And i. So. This morning. And no we are in. Country dance. I greet you. It's the word. Blessing. I am humbled. To be here. And it is my honor. Do happen. Ask to be a part of your distinguished guests. Preacher series during the. Sabbatical. Reverend. And yes i am the willing victim of a sharon grove instigation. Reverend hardee's invitation and louise green and her partner. The regina's. Hospitality and most wonderful reception. Of me too. Share some reflections with you as we have gathered today in this sacred space and place. And as i stand behind this most. Prestigious. Pulpit. Let me also acknowledge. Part of my spiritual family who are here among us. The reverend cedric harmon my brother and friend and colleague. Esteemed. Nicole labor in the gospel for some now many years. Would you stand. Angry. Your family thank you. To be in here. Mileage partners at the human rights campaign staff people who are here would you stand. I ryan and. Sharon and kyle. Thank you very much for doing p.m.. Dr. sharon groves and her partner and kyla. And your partner greg. Thank you for being here being my support and moral support and partner. And partners in crime as we do the work we. Have been past doing finally. Special thanks to. My sister. And friend the reverend louise green in a partner. For being such gracious. And loving hose to me. This entire. I love you both and i'm indebted to you next time it's. Stand here. Recognizing and seeing that i am in. The company. Such a great cloud of witnesses. Not only are you here. But the reverend robert little. Co-founder the honorable john quincy adams. Delete civil rights march on the reverend james reeb and the sainted and revered. Reverend david. They are here too. I must acknowledge the memory presents of my own answer. Those of african impersonation. Relatives of mine whose face and indomitable spirit i have inherited and whose lands we now occupy. I dunno ask for the permission. Bataka yahtzee. May we always remember. And never for. And i also too must acknowledge. The memory presents of the bishop william earl sellers senior and the mother queenly as she was annie easter selders my paternal grandparents. The preacher and the musician whose blood runs warm in my veins and whose spirit has overshadowed me from the beginning of my life and to my dad the reverend gerald devron ford whose memory will never grow them in my. May i always. And while i'm at it. Let me see one more thing. I am a black gospel. Trained in the best of the tradition and i am accustomed to the air and flow of preacher teacher and congregation in the idiom and context of the black church worship experience so generally in settings such as if you don't get with me i'm going to be long and boring. Speaking ebonics. If you failed ant-man every now and then if you wave your hand every so often if you acknowledge with her hand clap applause will be soon truth and you'll enjoy the ride. Let me let me let me. Begin. Oh yeah i'm going to preach this morning. Lord i feel like i'm feeling kinda at home up here brother. Let me let me begin my. My remarks in the message. What does a few short a couple. Short passages. That will serve for me the basis of my reflections with you. Well. Charity. Ain't justice. Charity is a beautiful thing but you don't got to be charitable to me if i already got justice. If i already got a sense of participation you ain't got to be charitable to me. Just treat me right every day. That's why that's why you and i are on the same ship in fact we're traveling on the same plane. You might be traveling in first class eating filet mignon and i might be eating peanuts in the back and roll. 55. If you're on the plane being in first class ain't going to stop you from going down with the rest of us. When there's turbulence that's turbulence everywhere everybody shaking it and if the plane goes down you might die first in first class yes yes. What will you do to speak to the pilot to tell the pilot to tell the control center that we've got the change directions to lester purviance leave our own deck. That's the truth. We've got to tell. That's the courage we've got the mustard that's the beauty of soul we must have really reveal to one another in the quietness of our own individual. A reading from. Contemporary prophet. Rev dr. michael eric dyson. Noted author and professor at. Second reading. From one of my saints and heroes. Brother james. If you really wish to know how justice is administered in a country. One does not question the police. The lawyers. The judges. The protected members of. The middle and upper classes. One goes to the end. Those precisely who need the law's protection mobile. And listen to their. Would you. Pray with me for a moment. Cuz i want to talk about. Spirit life is preaching time. And i've been charged. But the task i feel. So. Little. So i need your. Let the words of my mouth and the meditation. Of all about hearts. Speak. According to the center of economic and social justice. Justice is a set of universal principles which guide people in judging what is right and wrong no matter what culture and society they live in. Justice then is one of the four cardinal virtues of classic moral philosophy along with courage and self-control and an imprudence of faith hope and charity are considered. To be in there somewhere as somewhat religious virtues. Virtues are good habits. Help indivisible individuals to develop fully their human potential. Does enabling them to serve their own interest as well as work in harmony with others from their common good. The ultimate purpose of all the virtues is to elevate the dignity and sovereignty of the human person. Define social justice. Ask the virtual which guides us in creating those organized human interactions we call institution. Intern social institutions when's joshua organized provide us with access to what is good for the person both individually and in our associations with others. Social justice also imposes on each of us a personal responsibility to work with others to design and continually perfect our institutions as tools for personal and social development. Let me stress from yardstick. My message here. This morning. That i believe that there are. Great a great deal of definitions. For the term justice. And i don't want to suggest that i have the only definitive answer to what this term is. The concept art. Its implications in my mind. On not just up static. Stayed. Fashionable thing. What i want to. Do. If you would allow me to engage in some thinking. Box ideas about how as people of faith. We relate to our own sense of call. Secondly. How mike weed and the world around us being impacted by our. Both individually and collectively our actions. Both individually and collectively. And i would behaviors both individually and collectively. Because of this sense. I know where i am. Many of us. Who here. Can a great deal about you. That was an amen moment right. Y'all missed it but that was an amen woman right. You got to be q got to be on guard i'm in any moment. One of my many men mobile. We go to great lengths. The far-reaching destinations that have we set up marvelous structures and systems and organizations and institutions and societies and civilization foundations and association processes and procedures to ensure that justice is served and it is served well. Governments and nations have y'all doing good y'all doing good. Don't have to tell you much about the governments and nations have expressed and invested much to extol the virtues of such kingdoms and empires have suggested their perspective and value of justice or the model for all throughout time the hold near and dear. I believe however the james baldwin might have been correct. When he said in his peace and title. The crusade of indignation. Words like freedom. Justice. Democracy. Are not common concepts. On the contrary they are where. People are not born knowing what these are. It takes enormous and above all individual efforts to arrive at the respect. What are the people. That these words in. And certainly religious religion and religious. Institutions and organizations across time and every generation have held it through human delivery vastly different notions of their brand of justice or just us. Syphilis. Give to socrates an interesting definition of just. At the beginning of plato's republic. Justice is giving someone what it what is do. We feel we had acted justly when we treat someone as we feel they ought to be treated. We have given them what we owe them what belongs to them what is proper for them and hence is their property. Remember martin scorsese's. The godfather. I hear you going out here. Woman the movie. The undertaker comes to. Don corleone. And because the courts have not punished the young man who wronged his daughter y'all remember that. Is it the purpose that the proper procedure was followed but the results were wrong and he asked the godfather for substantive justice. It is a serious and even compelling critique of our sort of political justice. Because the questions of. Was justice done where the guilty smitten given their just due did the punishment fit the crime. If it doesn't fit you must. Go ahead johnny cochran. Where were you treated according to your dude. These are always the sort of things people would ask the law. And they will. And need answers. Yet many of us today i would venture to say gathered in community have affinity to community to gather themselves around seeking. Justice i noticed that that's your mission in this church. We spend large amounts of time talent and resources and projects that are out to promote justice. Communities rather. Secular or religious civic or social private and public proclaim what do we want. When do we want it. And yet there is injustice. Justin sbarro's in the world singley unrestrained. There are people and people's who's legacies. Build treatment. Steel. Ar. We battle wounds. There are many of us here today. That have experienced either directly or indirectly in justices at the hand of people following the directive from directors out of some scripts that render our performances in such said dramas not adequate. Leaving the church on yesterday. Right outside these doors. We came for me a quick reminder of the realities of this world in dc a black man even in my distinguished garb of a clergy couldn't easily held on a clamp. In the metaphoric words of last year's oscar-winning song of three 6 mafia it's hard out here for a pimp. I said metaphorically. Sickness and disease grip continents like africa and asia then this build-up off of the criminal injustice complex in this country the persecution and prosecution of a war for some reason that remains to me still beyond my comprehension. In this city you all are acutely aware of the meaninglessness. Political gridlock. The dams and the reps can't get it together. The math civic. Social unwillingness of peoples of all walks of life in every nation of this world. We came in hunger. Poverty. Homelessness. It blows. My. The continual granting of the fear-mongering privilege that brenda so many to hate-filled mindless behavior that her name and killed when will it stop when will it in i don't know how i don't know when my heartache. It is certain james baldwin reminds us. But in any case. Where ignorance alive with power is. There lies the most ferocious enemy justice. I believe in hope. And i believe faith offers. I believe love cast out. I believe respect and regard outlast hate. So. My friend profit. Dyson. Said. But the plane is in trouble. And i would encourage our neighborhoods are in. Our families are in. Trouble. Our sisters and brothers battling addiction are in trouble pookie and ray-ray are dying on the street soon assume that they are in trouble yet we are in trouble. On the roshes and pathology are leading us down a road to destruction. The violence that is taking place around the corner you think you may be safe just wait a minute my grandmother would say keep on living it's coming down your avenue. You can't keep running and moving from neighborhood to neighborhood soon as soon as they know you that pookie and ray-ray on their way. I'm sorry they my cousin. And you will be soon to face the reality of the pookie and the rays and the shaniqua of our time and about world that your children too. What will you do to speak to the pilot. Some of us are depending on that the first class cruiser speak first. To tell the pilot to tell the control center. We've got to stop and change directions unless the terminus will lead us all to our own death and demise. I can't said no better than dr. king. Justice anywhere is a threat injustice anywhere is a threat to justice. Everywhere. So. Let me say to you my family. My family espirit. And tim. Ours is to somehow someway busy our lives our true selves in the enterprise of connecting one with the other. Visiting our lives our true selves in the endeavor of life giving and life-sustaining relationship. Losing our lives our true selves with the development of faithful and faithful tasks coming from our convictions and our commitments of faith. Choose ye this day whom you will. Choose to say yes. Choose to say i'll go i'll do i'll say i'll give i'll make the sacrifice when it's time to make. I'm coming home now coming on. Dr. king's epistle from the birmingham jail. She says let me remind. He said i'm in birmingham. Because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century bc left their villages and carried their. said the lord far beyond the boundaries of their hometowns and just as the apostle paul left his village apartments. Like paul i must. Constantly respond to the macedonian call for aid. Maurice's. I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states i cannot sit idly by in atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in birmingham. Injustice everywhere is a threat to justice everywhere we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality tied in a single garment of destiny whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly never again can we afford to live with the narrow provincial outside agitator idea. Everyone who lives inside the united states can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its about. So-so. Family let me speak to you. Let me say to you. We are on the plane. We're on the same plane. What is your. What is your spiritual devotion that caused you to action. What are you compelled and being compelled to do what is your response to the. What will you choose to do what it come when they come when they come for. I understand that i'm outing myself. As of. Some whatever. Existentialists. At that is to suggest that. I believe we are fully responsible for creating the meeting of our lives. And as such. It is for me. I believe. We must shoot. Puma shoes. Be courageous. At times. Bold. It all the time. Let me. With one of my favorite. Out of the night that covers me black as the pit. From pole to pole i think whatever gods may be. For my uncomfortable soul. In the fall in the fell clutch of circumstance i have not with no crying allowed under the bludgeonings of chance my head is bloody my but not unbowed. Hold this place of rap infused balloons from the horror of the shape and yet the menace of the years find at your find me unafraid. It matters not how strait. I've charged with punishments the scroll. I am. The master of my fate. I am the captain of my soul. Lasley. Learn the song when i was growing up in. I think it might be apropos. Today. Do something. It's going to rain. It's going to rain. Better get ready. Bear this in mind. Got to know. By the rainbow sign no more. But fire next time. Just going to rain it's going to rain. Normal water. Best buy in the next time now listen this is listen listen that's for my. I kind of just going to blow up after while. But i don't know. What you think. We don't get visit. And if we don't get to making peace waves. We don't get too busy making justice way. We don't get busy carrying a banner of love and peace and justice what will happen i think the song right is right. The sign of the rainbow. Might not be no water next this time might be. Heard you today. And get busy not from a sense of. Not from a sense of the snobbery of some of our mainline products. Tradition. Talk to me here. We can poo poo real quick. Alphacool. Fake. From a different space. I heard you today. To recommit yourself. To recommit yourself. To the right. To recommit yourself. Take two. Acknowledge. Your face. Whatever it comes where it comes how everything gets pulled from. I'm deep inside my mama said out of your belly. Shuffle flow rivers. Living. Remember.


I rented I AM CURIOUS-YELLOW from my video store because of all the controversy that surrounded it when it was first released in 1967. I also heard that at first it was seized by U.S. customs if it ever tried to enter this country, therefore being a fan of films considered "controversial" I really had to see this for myself.

The plot is centered around a young Swedish drama student named Lena who wants to learn everything she can about life. In particular she wants to focus her attentions to making some sort of documentary on what the average Swede thought about certain political issues such as the Vietnam War and race issues in the United States. In between asking politicians and ordinary denizens of Stockholm about their opinions on politics, she has sex with her drama teacher, classmates, and married men.

What kills me about I AM CURIOUS-YELLOW is that 40 years ago, this was considered pornographic. Really, the sex and nudity scenes are few and far between, even then it's not shot like some cheaply made porno. While my countrymen mind find it shocking, in reality sex and nudity are a major staple in Swedish cinema. Even Ingmar Bergman, arguably their answer to good old boy John Ford, had sex scenes in his films.

I do commend the filmmakers for the fact that any sex shown in the film is shown for artistic purposes rather than just to shock people and make money to be shown in pornographic theaters in America. I AM CURIOUS-YELLOW is a good film for anyone wanting to study the meat and potatoes (no pun intended) of Swedish cinema. But really, this film doesn't have much of a plot.


"I Am Curious: Yellow" is a risible and pretentious steaming pile. It doesn't matter what one's political views are because this film can hardly be taken seriously on any level. As for the claim that frontal male nudity is an automatic NC-17, that isn't true. I've seen R-rated films with male nudity. Granted, they only offer some fleeting views, but where are the R-rated films with gaping vulvas and flapping labia? Nowhere, because they don't exist. The same goes for those crappy cable shows: schlongs swinging in the breeze but not a clitoris in sight. And those pretentious indie movies like The Brown Bunny, in which we're treated to the site of Vincent Gallo's throbbing johnson, but not a trace of pink visible on Chloe Sevigny. Before crying (or implying) "double-standard" in matters of nudity, the mentally obtuse should take into account one unavoidably obvious anatomical difference between men and women: there are no genitals on display when actresses appears nude, and the same cannot be said for a man. In fact, you generally won't see female genitals in an American film in anything short of porn or explicit erotica. This alleged double-standard is less a double standard than an admittedly depressing ability to come to terms culturally with the insides of women's bodies.


If only to avoid making this type of film in the future. This film is interesting as an experiment but tells no cogent story.

One might feel virtuous for sitting thru it because it touches on so many IMPORTANT issues but it does so without any discernable motive. The viewer comes away with no new perspectives (unless one comes up with one while one's mind wanders, as it will invariably do during this pointless film).

One might better spend one's time staring out a window at a tree growing.


Oh, brother...after hearing about this ridiculous film for umpteen years all I can think of is that old Peggy Lee song..

"Is that all there is??" ...I was just an early teen when this smoked fish hit the U.S. I was too young to get in the theater (although I did manage to sneak into "Goodbye Columbus"). Then a screening at a local film museum beckoned - Finally I could see this film, except now I was as old as my parents were when they schlepped to see it!!

The ONLY reason this film was not condemned to the anonymous sands of time was because of the obscenity case sparked by its U.S. release. MILLIONS of people flocked to this stinker, thinking they were going to see a sex film...Instead, they got lots of closeups of gnarly, repulsive Swedes, on-street interviews in bland shopping malls, asinie political pretension...and feeble who-cares simulated sex scenes with saggy, pale actors.

Cultural icon, holy grail, historic artifact..whatever this thing was, shred it, burn it, then stuff the ashes in a lead box!

Elite esthetes still scrape to find value in its boring pseudo revolutionary political spewings..But if it weren't for the censorship scandal, it would have been ignored, then forgotten.

Instead, the "I Am Blank, Blank" rhythymed title was repeated endlessly for years as a titilation for porno films (I am Curious, Lavender - for gay films, I Am Curious, Black - for blaxploitation films, etc..) and every ten years or so the thing rises from the dead, to be viewed by a new generation of suckers who want to see that "naughty sex film" that "revolutionized the film industry"...

Yeesh, avoid like the plague..Or if you MUST see it - rent the video and fast forward to the "dirty" parts, just to get it over with.


I would put this at the top of my list of films in the category of unwatchable trash! There are films that are bad, but the worst kind are the ones that are unwatchable but you are suppose to like them because they are supposed to be good for you! The sex sequences, so shocking in its day, couldn't even arouse a rabbit. The so called controversial politics is strictly high school sophomore amateur night Marxism. The film is self-consciously arty in the worst sense of the term. The photography is in a harsh grainy black and white. Some scenes are out of focus or taken from the wrong angle. Even the sound is bad! And some people call this art?


Whoever wrote the screenplay for this movie obviously never consulted any books about Lucille Ball, especially her autobiography. I've never seen so many mistakes in a biopic, ranging from her early years in Celoron and Jamestown to her later years with Desi. I could write a whole list of factual errors, but it would go on for pages. In all, I believe that Lucille Ball is one of those inimitable people who simply cannot be portrayed by anyone other than themselves. If I were Lucie Arnaz and Desi, Jr., I would be irate at how many mistakes were made in this film. The filmmakers tried hard, but the movie seems awfully sloppy to me.


When I first saw a glimpse of this movie, I quickly noticed the actress who was playing the role of Lucille Ball. Rachel York's portrayal of Lucy is absolutely awful. Lucille Ball was an astounding comedian with incredible talent. To think about a legend like Lucille Ball being portrayed the way she was in the movie is horrendous. I cannot believe out of all the actresses in the world who could play a much better Lucy, the producers decided to get Rachel York. She might be a good actress in other roles but to play the role of Lucille Ball is tough. It is pretty hard to find someone who could resemble Lucille Ball, but they could at least find someone a bit similar in looks and talent. If you noticed York's portrayal of Lucy in episodes of I Love Lucy like the chocolate factory or vitavetavegamin, nothing is similar in any way-her expression, voice, or movement.

To top it all off, Danny Pino playing Desi Arnaz is horrible. Pino does not qualify to play as Ricky. He's small and skinny, his accent is unreal, and once again, his acting is unbelievable. Although Fred and Ethel were not similar either, they were not as bad as the characters of Lucy and Ricky.

Overall, extremely horrible casting and the story is badly told. If people want to understand the real life situation of Lucille Ball, I suggest watching A&E Biography of Lucy and Desi, read the book from Lucille Ball herself, or PBS' American Masters: Finding Lucy. If you want to see a docudrama, "Before the Laughter" would be a better choice. The casting of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz in "Before the Laughter" is much better compared to this. At least, a similar aspect is shown rather than nothing.


This is said to be a personal film for Peter Bogdonavitch. He based it on his life but changed things around to fit the characters, who are detectives. These detectives date beautiful models and have no problem getting them. Sounds more like a millionaire playboy filmmaker than a detective, doesn't it? This entire movie was written by Peter, and it shows how out of touch with real people he was. You're supposed to write what you know, and he did that, indeed. And leaves the audience bored and confused, and jealous, for that matter. This is a curio for people who want to see Dorothy Stratten, who was murdered right after filming. But Patti Hanson, who would, in real life, marry Keith Richards, was also a model, like Stratten, but is a lot better and has a more ample part. In fact, Stratten's part seemed forced; added. She doesn't have a lot to do with the story, which is pretty convoluted to begin with. All in all, every character in this film is somebody that very few people can relate with, unless you're millionaire from Manhattan with beautiful supermodels at your beckon call. For the rest of us, it's an irritating snore fest. That's what happens when you're out of touch. You entertain your few friends with inside jokes, and bore all the rest.


Helen the hippo and her friends are preparing for thanksgiving at Helen's house. Helen baked 45 chocolate chip cookies and 46 raisin cookies yesterday. And she baked 1 raisin cookies and 36 chocolate chip cookies this morning. How many more chocolate chip cookies did Helen bake yesterday compared to today?

Helen baked 9 more chocolate chip cookies yesterday than she did today.


Paige was helping her mom plant flowers and together they planted 4 seeds in 1 flowerbeds. If they put same number of seeds in each flower bed How many seeds did they plant in each flowerbed?

1. Paige and her mom planted 4 seeds in 1 flowerbed.
2. They put the same number of seeds in each flower bed.

From sentence 2, we can infer that they planted a total of 4 seeds. So they must have planted 1 seed in each flower bed.


Danny collects bottle caps and wrappers. He found w bottle caps and x wrappers at the park. Now he has y wrappers and z bottle caps in his collection. How many more wrappers than bottle caps does danny have now?

First, we need to find out how many wrappers Danny had in total. We know that he found w bottle caps and x wrappers at the park, and we know that he has y wrappers and z bottle caps in his collection. This means that the total number of wrappers Danny has must be x + y.

Now, we need to find out how many bottle caps Danny has in total. We know that he found w bottle caps and x wrappers at the park, and we know that he has y wrappers and z bottle caps in his collection. This means that the total number of bottle caps Danny has must be w + z.

Now, we need to find out how many more wrappers than bottle caps Danny has now. To do this, we need to subtract the total number of bottle caps from the total number of wrappers. We know that the total number of wrappers is x + y, and we know that the total number of bottle caps is w + z. This means that the difference must be (x + y) - (w + z).

This means that Danny has (x + y) - (w + z) more wrappers than bottle caps now.


After a typhoon, 9 trees in Haley's backyard died. If she had grown 34 trees initially How many trees does she have left?

There are 9 trees that died, so we need to subtract 9 from the total number of trees.

There are 34 trees initially, so we need to subtract 9 from 34.

34 - 9 = 25

Haley has 25 trees left.


Helen the hippo and her friends are preparing for thanksgiving at Helen's house. Helen baked 25 cookies yesterday 21 cookies this morning and 50 cookies the day before yesterday. How many cookies did Helen bake till last night?

Helen baked 96 cookies in total before last night.


There were 13 roses and 84 orchids in the vase. Jessica cut some more roses and orchids from her flower garden. There are now 91 orchids and 14 roses in the vase. How many roses did she cut?

.

There were 13 roses and 84 orchids in the vase.

Jessica cut some more roses and orchids from her flower garden.

There are now 91 orchids and 14 roses in the vase.

How many roses did she cut?

We know that the total number of flowers in the vase increased by 1, because there is 1 more rose in the vase. This means that Jessica cut 1 rose from her flower garden.


David did w push-ups in gym class today. David did x more push-ups than Zachary. How many push-ups did Zachary and David do altogether?

Let's denote the number of push-ups Zachary did by z.

z = w - x

Therefore, the answer (symbolic expression) is:

w + z


In a school there are w boys and x girls. y more girls joined the school. How many more girls than boys does the school have?

There are 146 more girls than boys in the school.


Baker's friend bought 10 cakes from him. If he had made 24 cakes initially How many cakes would baker still have?

1. How many cakes did the baker start with?
2. How many cakes did the baker's friend buy?
3. How many cakes does the baker have left?

1. The baker started with 24 cakes.
2. The baker's friend bought 10 cakes from him.
3. The baker has 14 cakes left.


Randy has 32 blocks. He uses some blocks to build a tower. If there are 9 blocks left How many blocks did he use to build the tower?

Randy used 23 blocks to build the tower.


Diesel model Winnie Harlow, who suffers from vitiligo, the same rare skin condition that singer Michael Jackson was diagnosed with, has been pictured enjoying a cozy night on the town with albino fashion star Shaun Ross. The pair attended a launch event for Popular magazine at Siren Studios in Hollywood, California, on Tuesday night, and were snapped holding hands while making their way into the venue. Winnie, 19, who was unveiled as one of the newest faces of fashion label Diesel earlier this year, was wearing a short and simple black and gold mini dress, which she accessorized with a pair of gold strappy heels. Scroll down for video . Looking cozy: Winnie Harlow, 19, who suffers from the same rare skin condition as Michael Jackson, was pictured hand-in-hand with albino model Shaun Ross on Tuesday night . Out on the town: The duo were attending the launch for Popular magazine at Hollywood venue Siren Studios . Skingraft black and gold dress . Get it from Pasar here . Visit site . This look is all types of yes. Winnie Harlow looks incredible in her leather tunic dress which features striking gold trims on the sleeves and hemline. The loose fit creates a flattering silhouette too. Winnie's dress is from LA-based fashion house Skingraft, and you can still buy it by clicking right to Paser's website now. It'll be your go-to party piece! It is however, slightly pricey coming in at $750, so if you want to add a golden standard to your style for less, why not check out these various finds below? We are particularly dazzled by this Mynt 1792 number at Nordstrom. A pair of strappy metallic heels will finish off your look to perfection! Choice's black and gold stamping dress . Visit site . Mynt 1792 color block dress at Nordstrom . Visit site . Maykool black and gold dress . Visit site . Dailylook fit and flare dress . Visit site . Meanwhile Shaun, 23, opted for a more low-key look, wearing an all-black ensemble, which he topped off with a unique tall baseball hat and a pair of leather sneaker-style boots. And while it appears to be the first time that the duo have been spotted enjoying an evening out together, it is likely not the first occasion that they have met. Both stars have made regular appearances on the catwalks at various Fashion Weeks, while Shaun has also starred in campaigns for the likes of Alexander McQueen and Givenchy. Coincidentally, the models also each had a helping hand from fellow fashion star Tyra Banks. Fashion stars: While Evan opted for an all-black ensemble, topped off with a bizarre baseball cap, Winnie wore a black and gold mini dress and strappy sandals . Rising stars: Both Shaun and Winnie have each achieved global recognition in the fashion indsutry, appearing in numerous high-profile fashion campaigns . Strut your stuff: Both Winnie (L), pictured at the Desigual fall/winter 2015 show, and Shaun (R), pictured on the catwalk in February, boast impressive runway credentials . Winnie, whose real name is Chantelle Brown-Young, was one of the contestants on Tyra's hit reality series America's Next Top Model, while Shaun made an appearance on the former model's eponymous talk show in 2009. Despite their cozy appearance, it's not thought that the two are dating - however Shaun did take the time to post a heartwarming message to the model on his Instagram account, just hours after the pair attended the Popular magazine event. Alongside an image of the two of them, Shaun wrote: 'So much fun last night @winnieharlow keep up the good work. From an original believer in you.' And it seems his sweet sentiments were reciprocated by Winnie, who posted a similar image on her own account, saying: 'Sweet nothings with my fly friend @shaundross'

Winnie, 19, was diagnosed with the rare condition when she was four-years-old .
Condition causes a lack of melanin which forms white patches on the skin .


(CNN)When Melissa Atkins Wardy, author of "Redefining Girly" and a passionate advocate for fighting gender stereotypes, heard from a frustrated mom on Facebook, she knew she needed to do something. So she shared the mom's story. In a blog post, Wardy told how the mom, Veronica of Richland, Washington, wanted to buy "Big Hero 6" fabric to make pillows for her two children. The problem? The fabric didn't include two of the heroes from the movie: the female characters, Honey Lemon and GoGo. So Veronica decided to send an email to Springs Creative, the company that makes the fabric, saying that as a woman and an engineer, she was offended. She got an answer from the company but it didn't help. Girl empowerment ads like GoldieBlox: Do they work? A licensing manager for Springs Creative responded that the company has found that boys don't want girl characters on their things. "Eeeww girls! Yuck! Haha," the licensing manager wrote. It will come as no surprise that Veronica was none too pleased to receive that response. "I was frustrated and disgusted that a manager, and a female manager too, would laugh off my initial contact with the company. It was unprofessional. So I responded," Veronica told CNN. She asked that we not use her last name, in order to maintain her privacy. In an email back to the company, Veronica wrote, "By eliminating the women in your fabric design, you are telling boys that it's OK to think girls are yucky, unworthy and less than a boy. "You are also telling girls they are unworthy, unwanted and that it's un-cool to be smart and confident." What happened next shows that parents, aided by social media outrage, may have more leverage to combat gender stereotyping in our culture than they realize. And the "Big Hero 6" example -- along with a similar recent one involving TOMS, the shoes retailer -- suggests that manufacturers may be finally getting it, too. First, the rest of the story about Springs Creative and the "Big Hero" fabric: After sharing Veronica's story with her readers and her 6,700 Twitter followers, Wardy encouraged people to give Springs Creative a piece of their mind. She also invited them to tweet their own stories with the hashtag #IncludeTheGirls. Women responded in droves, pointing out how Black Widow, the female character in the popular "Avengers" superhero movie franchise, is often excluded from merchandise and how cereal boxes rarely include female characters. "This sends the direct message to both boys and girls that females are forgettable, unimportant, undesirable. What a horrible thing to teach our children!" said Wardy, who is also the founder and chief executive officer of Pigtail Pals & Ballcap Buddies, a company that makes empowering clothing for boys and girls. "The prevailing theory is, 1. boys are the default audience, and 2. boys won't want an item with a girl on it," Wardy said. "Yet, I talk with thousands of parents every week who say otherwise." Why trying to make our kids happy can backfire . Those parents are clearly making their voices heard. Because not too long after Veronica received her initial response from Springs Creative, Wardy said she got a call from the company, asking her to post a statement from Springs Creative on her site. "It is sometimes difficult to hear negative feedback but the message was clear and we intend to act upon your message," the statement read. "Most importantly, Springs Creative does not condone sexism in any shape or form and does not design products to shine a negative light on females OR males." The company said it would be talking with Disney "immediately" about additional designs for "Big Hero 6" that would incorporate all the characters. "We would never intentionally offend any segment of the population. We are a strong company with positive morals and values and we respect and see both genders equally," said the statement. Springs Creative told CNN it would have no further comment. Veronica said she was surprised the company responded so quickly. "I do not believe this would have happened without the Pigtail Pals and Ballcap Buddies community also raising their voices." The real March Madness: When will women's teams get equal buzz? Around the same time, Wardy heard from another follower about an issue with TOMS and wrote about it on her site. On the normally progressive retailer's Web landing page for kids were photos that some parents felt played into gender stereotypes. One photo suggested "Playtime Approved" shoes for boys, and the other, this one on a pink background, included the caption "Little Ladies: adorn their feet for spring." "Really, TOMS? Girls are not ornaments we adorn. Girls play, too!" Wardy wrote on her Facebook page. Two hours later, Wardy received a comment from TOMS on her Facebook page, saying that the company completely agrees and that the wording has been changed to now say "new arrivals for kids." "We're really grateful whenever our community brings something like this to our attention," said Doug Piwinski, senior vice president, global marketing and communications for TOMS. "Perhaps as much or more than any other brand, I mean we really listen to our customers in our community." So, here's my question: Are the two speedy responses from companies after women spoke out on social media more a sign that companies are truly getting it about gender stereotypes and girl and boy empowerment, or more a sign of the power of parents? Or are they a mixture of both? How to Super Bowl #LikeAGirl . Wardy said there's no doubt that companies are in business to protect their bottom line, and that will always be a motivator. But she said these back-to-back incidents show what can happen when parents make it clear they won't buy products from companies that sell gender stereotypes. " 'Be not silent' is my mantra. Speak up!" Wardy said. "The success with Springs Creative and TOMS and other wins we've had in the past is an example of the power of parents (moms and dads) and children's advocates aggregating their voices to say, 'Enough is enough.' " Veronica said it's a sign of the power of parents becoming "more aware, reactive and using social media to make their voices heard by companies that market to children." She added, "One voice can be dismissed; the hailstorm of voices collectively cannot be ignored so easily." It is clear, from these two examples, that parents using their voices online and with their wallets can encourage companies to change. There's no question that raising awareness about stereotypes helps, said Wardy. "If companies aren't paying attention by now, they most certainly should be." Pink, princess-y and sexy too soon . Do you think more companies are getting the message to include girl characters on merchandise? Share your thoughts with Kelly Wallace on Twitter or CNN Living on Facebook.

A mom of two got upset when "Big Hero 6" fabric didn't include the two female characters .
Another mom called attention to gender stereotypes on a TOMS Web page .
In both cases, the companies responded quickly to answer parents' concerns .


(CNN)Blinky and Pinky on the Champs Elysees? Inky and Clyde running down Broadway? Power pellets on the Embarcadero? Leave it to Google to make April Fools' Day into throwback fun by combining Google Maps with Pac-Man. The massive tech company is known for its impish April Fools' Day pranks, and Google Maps has been at the center of a few, including a Pokemon Challenge and a treasure map. This year the company was a day early to the party, rolling out the Pac-Man game Tuesday. It's easy to play: Simply pull up Google Maps on your desktop browser, click on the Pac-Man icon on the lower left, and your map suddenly becomes a Pac-Man course. Twitterers have been tickled by the possibilities, playing Pac-Man in Manhattan, on the University of Illinois quad, in central London and down crooked Lombard Street in San Francisco, among many locations: .

Google Maps has a temporary Pac-Man function .
Google has long been fond of April Fools' Day pranks and games .
Many people are turning their cities into Pac-Man courses .


(CNN)Would you want a TV program about your family history to include details of a distant, long-deceased relative who had owned slaves? Seriously, who in their right mind would want to be tarnished by the sins of an ancestor you had no connection to other than a remote bloodline? I wouldn't, and neither did Ben Affleck, who lobbied producers of a PBS show, "Finding Your Roots," to remove any reference to his great-great-great grandfather Benjamin Cole, a Georgia slave owner in the mid-1800's, in an episode that looked at Affleck's family history. (Affleck revealed Cole's name Wednesday night.) Here's the thing that might surprise many, given the tendency of the media to exploit any potentially scandalous material: The show's producer, Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates Jr., apparently acquiesced to Affleck's request, because when the episode aired in October 2014, there was no mention of the star's slave-owning ancestor. Affleck's attempt to alter the content of the program only publicly became known a few days ago after WikiLeaks released hacked emails revealing an exchange between Gates and Sony Pictures chief Michael Lynton. When Gates asked how he should respond to Affleck's request to delete the material, Lynton responded, "all things being equal, I would definitely take it out." And on Tuesday, Affleck, via Facebook, admitted that he had urged Gates to excise any reference to his slave-owning relative. Affleck explained, "I didn't want any television show about my family to include a guy who owned slaves. I was embarrassed. The very thought left a bad taste in my mouth." Now Gates has publicly denied that he made his decision about the content of the program based on Affleck's request, but it seems likely that he did. After all, Affleck noted as much in his Facebook post, writing that Gates "agreed with me on the slave owner but made other choices I disagreed with." And three other celebrities profiled on the series last season were shown to have been related to slave owners. So it's unlikely that it was simply happenstance that it left out any reference to Affleck's familial slave ownership connection. In any event, PBS has launched an internal review to determine if the show violated its own editorial standards. Whatever the results of the review, Affleck and Gates did the right thing. Let's be clear: "Finding Your Roots" is not an investigative news show; it's an entertainment program. In fact, as Affleck noted, much of the material is provided directly by the celebrity being profiled. It's not "60 Minutes" but more in the nature of a sophisticated profile of celebrities, using their marquee names to attract viewers. There's not even a hint that Affleck strong-armed the producers or made any type of threats against them if they included the information. In the emails between Gates and Lynton, which they presumably believed at the time were confidential and would remain so, there was no mention of undue pressure by Affleck. Instead, Gates simply noted that Affleck  "asked us to edit out something." After the emails were revealed, Gates issued a statement, saying, "Ultimately, I maintain editorial control on all of my projects and, with my producers, decide what will make for the most compelling program. In the case of Mr. Affleck we focused on what we felt were the most interesting aspects of his ancestry -- including a Revolutionary War ancestor, a third great-grandfather who was an occult enthusiast, and his mother who marched for civil rights during the Freedom Summer of 1964." My view would be different if Affleck had a history of uttering racist remarks or engaging in racist conduct. That would have made the information truly newsworthy. But instead we have a man known for championing progressive causes, which I'm sure made him even more acutely sensitive that some on the right might possibly use this information against him in the future. Perhaps that's what Affleck meant in his Facebook post when he wrote that this information made him feel "vulnerable." Affleck has noted that he regrets asking PBS to not include information about his "distant relative."  That's a nice gesture, but it was not needed. Affleck had every right to ask for the information about a long-deceased distant relative to be left out of the show. And PBS had the choice to include it or leave it out. I applaud PBS for doing the right thing at a time when media outlets rarely show any restraint on the lives of people in the public eye.

Ben Affleck admits he asked PBS show "Finding Your Roots" to avoid mentioning his slave-owning ancestor .
Dean Obeidallah says the actor and the show were right to leave the detail out .


Human: iPad Mini (1st generation) -- On June 13, 2016, Apple announced the iOS 10 update - with some major updates to the mobile operating system. However, the iPad Mini did not receive this update (along with other devices using the A5 processor including the iPhone 4S, iPad 2, iPad (3rd generation), and iPod Touch (5th generation)) due to hardware limitations. can ipad mini 1st generation get ios 10? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: We can't afford to send our children to college. Can you afford this car? Does the word "afford" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: The Child in Time -- Stephen experiences a strange event that he cannot explain: he sees his parents as a young couple in a pub, before they married. The book also deals with his grief and eventually his painful acceptance of the loss of his child. do they find kate in a child in time? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: Everyone in the class turned to stare at the student. There are two possible causes. 1: The student's phone rang. 2: The student took notes. Is the first cause more plausible? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: The new car is a delight. His delight to see her was obvious to all. Does the word "delight" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: Collapse the music stand. The school system is collapsing. Does the word "collapse" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is


Human: Asprin, an inexpensive drug helps protect survivors of heart attack and stroke from subsequent heart attacks and death, and even helps reduce the number of deaths that occur within the first hours following a heart attack. Now consider the following statement. People experienced adverse effects while taking aspirin. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is No
Human: Energy subsidies -- According to a 2015 estimate by the Obama administration, the US oil industry benefited from subsidies of about $4.6 billion per year. A 2017 study by researchers at Stockholm Environment Institute published in the journal Nature Energy estimated that nearly half of U.S. oil production would be unprofitable without subsidies. does the government give subsidies to oil companies? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Buy Buy Baby -- The chain was founded in 1996 by brothers Richard and Jeffrey Feinstein. It consisted of eight stores when it was acquired by Bed Bath & Beyond in 2007. Its primary competitor was Babies ``R'' Us. is bye bye baby owned by bed bath and beyond? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Hepburn's platinum, diamond and sapphire brooch had been estimated to fetch just $20,000, but sold for $120,000, six times its estimated price. Now consider the following statement. Hepburn's diamond and sapphire brooch fetched $120,000. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: To cushion a blow. Cushion the blow. Does the word "cushion" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Compuware claims that Allan Tortorice and Jim Hildner were among several former employees who revealed trade secrets after they moved to IBM. Now consider the following statement. Trade secrets were stolen. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is


Human: Gram-positive bacteria -- Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through a microscope. This is because the thick peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it is washed away from the rest of the sample, in the decolorization stage of the test. does gram positive have a thick cell wall? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Energy subsidies -- According to a 2015 estimate by the Obama administration, the US oil industry benefited from subsidies of about $4.6 billion per year. A 2017 study by researchers at Stockholm Environment Institute published in the journal Nature Energy estimated that nearly half of U.S. oil production would be unprofitable without subsidies. does the government give subsidies to oil companies? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Monica Meadows, a 22-year-old model from Atlanta, was shot in the shoulder on a subway car in New York City. Now consider the following statement. Monica Meadows, 23, was shot in shoulder while riding a subway car in New York City Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is No
Human: Sam's Club -- There were also Sam's Club locations in Canada, six located in Ontario, in which the last location closed in 2009. are there any sam's clubs in canada? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: Don't fuss too much over the grandchildren -- they are quite big now. She fusses over her husband. Does the word "fuss" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: Letterman (sports) -- While it is commonly done, removing one's letter from the letter jacket upon graduation is not firmly held as protocol. Many graduates keep the letter on the jacket after graduation as a symbol of accomplishment and school pride and commitment, especially with college lettermen. can you wear your letterman after high school? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is


Human: Dragon (Middle-earth) -- In Tolkien's works, dragons are quadrupedal, like Komodo dragons or other lizards, and are either flightless (Glaurung) or are winged and capable of flight (Ancalagon and Smaug). Winged dragons are stated to have first appeared during the War of Wrath, the battle that ended the First Age. is smaug the only dragon in middle earth? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: The student forgot to do her assignment. There are two possible effects. 1: She made up an excuse to tell the teacher. 2: The teacher promoted her to the next grade. Is the first effect more plausible? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Dine Brands Global -- Dine Brands Global Inc, formerly DineEquity Inc., and before that IHOP Corporation, is an American company that franchises and operates IHOP and Applebee's restaurants. The company is headquartered in Glendale, California. are applebee's and ihop owned by the same company? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: The level of activity declines with age. His sphere of activity. Does the word "activity" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: Point a gun. It's rude to point at other people. Does the word "point" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: The man turned on the faucet. There are two possible effects. 1: The toilet filled with water. 2: Water flowed from the spout. Is the first effect more plausible? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is


Human: State your name. State your opinion. Does the word "state" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Statue of Liberty -- The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service. Public access to the balcony around the torch has been barred for safety since 1916. does the us own the statue of liberty? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Oqueli was to fly to Nicaragua to join an international Socialist delegation, which will observe the Nicaraguan electoral campaign. Now consider the following statement. An electoral campaign is being held in Nicaragua. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: A straggle of followers. A straggle of outbuildings. Does the word "straggle" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Lead(II) nitrate -- Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO). It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water. is pb(no3)2 soluble in water? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Salsa (sauce) -- Taco sauce is a condiment sold in American grocery stores and fast food Tex-Mex outlets. Taco sauce is similar to its Mexican counterpart in that it is smoothly blended, having the consistency of thin ketchup. It is made from tomato paste instead of whole tomatoes and lacks the seeds and chunks of vegetables found in picante sauce. is picante sauce the same as taco sauce? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is


Human: At the same time the Italian digital rights group, Electronic Frontiers Italy, has asked the nation's government to investigate Sony over its use of anti-piracy software. Now consider the following statement. Italy's government investigates Sony. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is No
Human: Political violence broke out in the nation. There are two possible effects. 1: Many citizens relocated to the capitol. 2: Many citizens took refuge in other territories. Is the first effect more plausible? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: Cote d'Ivoire's President, Laurent Gbagbo, promulgated new election laws on July 14. Now consider the following statement. President Laurent Gbagbo lives in Cote d'Ivoire. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Rooster -- A rooster, also known as a gamecock, cockerel or cock, is an adult male gallinaceous bird, usually a male chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). is a chicken and rooster the same thing? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Known as "heap leach" mining, the method has become popular in the last decade because it enables microscopic bits of gold to be economically extracted from low-grade ore. Now consider the following statement. The mining industry uses a method known as heap leaching. Can it be inferred from the preceding text? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: The news caused a sensation. A sensation of touch. Does the word "sensation" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is


Human: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street -- Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1979 musical thriller with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. The musical is based on the 1973 play Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street by Christopher Bond. is the barber of seville the same as sweeney todd? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is No
Human: Leave your child the nurse's care. He left the decision to his deputy. Does the word "leave" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: Port Louis -- The economy of the city is mostly dominated by its financial centre, port facilities, tourism and the manufacturing sector which include textiles, chemicals, plastics and pharmaceuticals. Port Louis is home to the biggest port facility in the Indian Ocean region and one of Africa's major financial centers. is port louis mauritius in the atlantic or pacific ocean? I think the answer is No
AI: The answer is No
Human: A political gesture. A gesture of defiance. Does the word "gesture" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: The nap was a welcome refresher. He stopped at the bar for a quick refresher. Does the word "refresher" have the same meaning in each sentence? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is Yes
Human: List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes -- On the film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, films that all surveyed critics consider bad have a 0% rating. Some of these are often considered some of the worst films ever made. is there a movie with 0 on rotten tomatoes? I think the answer is Yes
AI: The answer is


Amrozi accused his brother, whom he called "the witness", of deliberately distorting his evidence.

Referring to him as only "the witness", Amrozi accused his brother of deliberately distorting his evidence.


Yucaipa owned Dominick's before selling the chain to Safeway in 1998 for $2.5 billion.

Yucaipa bought Dominick's in 1995 for $693 million and sold it to Safeway for $1.8 billion in 1998.


They had published an advertisement on the Internet on June 10, offering the cargo for sale, he added.

On June 10, the ship's owners had published an advertisement on the Internet, offering the explosives for sale.


Around 0335 GMT, Tab shares were up 19 cents, or 4.4%, at A$4.56, having earlier set a record high of A$4.57.

Tab shares jumped 20 cents, or 4.6%, to set a record closing high at A$4.57.


The stock rose $2.11, or about 11 percent, to close Friday at $21.51 on the New York Stock Exchange.

PG&E Corp. shares jumped $1.63 or 8 percent to $21.03 on the New York Stock Exchange on Friday.


Revenue in the first quarter of the year dropped 15 percent from the same period a year earlier.

With the scandal hanging over Stewart's company, revenue the first quarter of the year dropped 15 percent from the same period a year earlier.


The Nasdaq had a weekly gain of 17.27, or 1.2 percent, closing at 1,520.15 on Friday.

The tech-laced Nasdaq Composite .IXIC rallied 30.46 points, or 2.04 percent, to 1,520.15.


The DVD-CCA then appealed to the state Supreme Court.

The DVD CCA appealed that decision to the U.S. Supreme Court.


That compared with $35.18 million, or 24 cents per share, in the year-ago period.

Earnings were affected by a non-recurring $8 million tax benefit in the year-ago period.


He said the foodservice pie business doesn't fit the company's long-term growth strategy.

"The foodservice pie business does not fit our long-term growth strategy.


The Academy Award for Best Production Design recognizes achievement for art direction in film. The category's original name was Best Art Direction, but was changed to its current name in 2012 for the 85th Academy Awards. This change resulted from the Art Directors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) being renamed the Designers' branch. Since 1947, the award is shared with the set decorator(s). It is awarded to the best interior design in a film.

The films below are listed with their production year (for example, the 2000 Academy Award for Best Art Direction is given to a film from 1999). In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees in alphabetical order.

Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Production Design

Academy Award which recognizes achievement for art direction in film

Best Art Direction
Best Production Design


Chapter  12

Summary: Mrs. Dashwood and her daughters are busy attending parties and balls. Marianne is in her element. She is overjoyed in the company of Willoughby, who showers much affection and attention on her. Elinor even feels left out at times. Deprived of friends of her own age, she is often thrown in the company of Mrs. Jennings and Lady Middleton. At such times she welcomes the presence of Colonel Brandon. Brandon often talks of Marianne and asks Elinor about her sister's preferences.

Notes Jane Austen paints the picture of an eighteenth-century upper middle-class society. The Dashwoods and Middletons are shown to be busy attending parties and balls. Their main occupation is socializing, and they take pleasure in entertaining people. Every young girl waits for a respectable young man to woo her, and her parents hope for a match between them. They lead a leisurely life, perhaps unusual to the modern reader. Marianne is exhilarated by the looks and manners of her lover. She does not care to understand his essential nature. Obsessed with Willoughby, she ignores Colonel Brandon and unconsciously hurts him. Blinded by her infatuation for Willoughby, she is not able to realize the worth of the Colonel or detect the intensity of his feelings. This chapter again emphasizes the difference in attitudes between Willoughby and Colonel Brandon. Both men are attracted to Marianne. Willoughby displays his affection by wooing Marianne, like a dashing hero would, while Colonel Brandon admires his lady love from a distance and silently hopes to win her favor. Willoughby is interested only in flirting with Marianne, but the Colonel, like a sincere person, looks forward to a lasting relationship. CHAPTER 12 Summary Marianne gets carried away by Willoughby's showy gestures. When he offers her a horse, she accepts it readily and talks about it to her sister. Elinor is shocked to learn this and asks Marianne to decline the offer, as it would prove too costly for them. Elinor observes Willoughby's behavior towards her sister and detects a note of intimacy in it. Margaret tells Elinor about her suspicion of an engagement between Marianne and Willoughby. Later, at Mrs. Jennings' insistence, Margaret gives a hint about Elinor's attachment to Edward, much to Elinor's embarrassment. Notes The chapter hints at the extent of the involvement of Marianne with Willoughby. Willoughby tries to impress Marianne by offering her a horse as a gift, and Marianne foolishly accepts the offer without giving a thought to the expenditure involved. Willoughby's superficiality and Marianne's gullibility are exposed in this episode. Chapter 12 also reveals the character of the youngest of the Dashwood girls. Margaret, one of the minor characters in the novel, is otherwise ignored by Austen. Only a few chapters give a glimpse into her personality. Margaret, like a typical teenager, gets excited over little things and jumps to conclusions easily. She derives pleasure from revealing secrets. She informs Elinor about the impending marriage between Marianne and Willoughby because she saw the young man taking a lock of hair from her sister . At the Park, she gives hints about the relationship between Elinor and Edward to Mrs. Jennings, much to the embarrassment of her sister. Like a reckless teenager, she is always in a hurry to impart information not meant to be disclosed publicly. CHAPTER 13 Summary Everyone is eagerly looking forward to their picnic at Whitewell. However, on the morning of the outing, a letter arrives for Colonel Brandon and alters the situation. The letter disturbs Brandon, and he informs the others about his decision to leave immediately for the town. The picnic is canceled, much to the disappointment of all, since it is not possible to proceed to Whitewell without the assistance of the Colonel. Sir John Middleton suggests that they should go for a ride in the carriage around the countryside. Marianne and Willoughby take a separate carriage. They visit Allenham on the sly. When Elinor learns about their visit, she is angry with Marianne for not observing the rules of propriety. Marianne justifies her action. Notes An element of suspense is introduced in this chapter. After the Colonel reads the letter, he turns grave and decides to leave for the town immediately. He evades the questions of Mrs. Jennings and declines to postpone his visit. After he leaves, Mrs. Jennings hints at the possibility of his visiting his illegitimate daughter, Miss Williams. Through this bit of information, Austen arouses the curiosity of the reader regarding the mysterious past of Colonel Brandon. Marianne and Willoughby are insensitive to the feelings of the Colonel and fail to sympathize with his plight. They criticize Brandon for spoiling the afternoon. Colonel Brandon comes across as a man in control of his emotions. Even though he is disturbed by the contents of the letter, he does not reveal his misery to others. Like a gentleman, he excuses himself from the party and bows to Marianne before taking his leave. His silence speaks volumes. The chapter relates one more incident which creates a clash between the good sense of Elinor and the sensibility of Marianne. Marianne makes a secret visit to Allenham with Willoughby but does not feel guilty about what she has done. Elinor's sense of decorum causes her to condemn her sister's actions, as she does not approve of Marianne's visiting a stranger's house with a man to whom she is not even engaged, at least not openly.

As Elinor and Marianne were walking together the next morning the
latter communicated a piece of news to her sister, which in spite of
all that she knew before of Marianne's imprudence and want of thought,
surprised her by its extravagant testimony of both.  Marianne told her,
with the greatest delight, that Willoughby had given her a horse, one
that he had bred himself on his estate in Somersetshire, and which was
exactly calculated to carry a woman.  Without considering that it was
not in her mother's plan to keep any horse, that if she were to alter
her resolution in favour of this gift, she must buy another for the
servant, and keep a servant to ride it, and after all, build a stable
to receive them, she had accepted the present without hesitation, and
told her sister of it in raptures.

"He intends to send his groom into Somersetshire immediately for it,"
she added, "and when it arrives we will ride every day.  You shall
share its use with me.  Imagine to yourself, my dear Elinor, the
delight of a gallop on some of these downs."

Most unwilling was she to awaken from such a dream of felicity to
comprehend all the unhappy truths which attended the affair; and for
some time she refused to submit to them.  As to an additional servant,
the expense would be a trifle; Mama she was sure would never object to
it; and any horse would do for HIM; he might always get one at the
park; as to a stable, the merest shed would be sufficient.  Elinor then
ventured to doubt the propriety of her receiving such a present from a
man so little, or at least so lately known to her.  This was too much.

"You are mistaken, Elinor," said she warmly, "in supposing I know very
little of Willoughby.  I have not known him long indeed, but I am much
better acquainted with him, than I am with any other creature in the
world, except yourself and mama.  It is not time or opportunity that is
to determine intimacy;--it is disposition alone.  Seven years would be
insufficient to make some people acquainted with each other, and seven
days are more than enough for others.  I should hold myself guilty of
greater impropriety in accepting a horse from my brother, than from
Willoughby.  Of John I know very little, though we have lived together
for years; but of Willoughby my judgment has long been formed."

Elinor thought it wisest to touch that point no more.  She knew her
sister's temper.  Opposition on so tender a subject would only attach
her the more to her own opinion.  But by an appeal to her affection for
her mother, by representing the inconveniences which that indulgent
mother must draw on herself, if (as would probably be the case) she
consented to this increase of establishment, Marianne was shortly
subdued; and she promised not to tempt her mother to such imprudent
kindness by mentioning the offer, and to tell Willoughby when she saw
him next, that it must be declined.

She was faithful to her word; and when Willoughby called at the
cottage, the same day, Elinor heard her express her disappointment to
him in a low voice, on being obliged to forego the acceptance of his
present.  The reasons for this alteration were at the same time
related, and they were such as to make further entreaty on his side
impossible.  His concern however was very apparent; and after
expressing it with earnestness, he added, in the same low voice,--"But,
Marianne, the horse is still yours, though you cannot use it now.  I
shall keep it only till you can claim it.  When you leave Barton to
form your own establishment in a more lasting home, Queen Mab shall
receive you."

This was all overheard by Miss Dashwood; and in the whole of the
sentence, in his manner of pronouncing it, and in his addressing her
sister by her Christian name alone, she instantly saw an intimacy so
decided, a meaning so direct, as marked a perfect agreement between
them.  From that moment she doubted not of their being engaged to each
other; and the belief of it created no other surprise than that she, or
any of their friends, should be left by tempers so frank, to discover
it by accident.

Margaret related something to her the next day, which placed this
matter in a still clearer light.  Willoughby had spent the preceding
evening with them, and Margaret, by being left some time in the parlour
with only him and Marianne, had had opportunity for observations,
which, with a most important face, she communicated to her eldest
sister, when they were next by themselves.

"Oh, Elinor!" she cried, "I have such a secret to tell you about
Marianne.  I am sure she will be married to Mr. Willoughby very soon."

"You have said so," replied Elinor, "almost every day since they first
met on High-church Down; and they had not known each other a week, I
believe, before you were certain that Marianne wore his picture round
her neck; but it turned out to be only the miniature of our great
uncle."

"But indeed this is quite another thing.  I am sure they will be
married very soon, for he has got a lock of her hair."

"Take care, Margaret.  It may be only the hair of some great uncle of
HIS."

"But, indeed, Elinor, it is Marianne's. I am almost sure it is, for I
saw him cut it off.  Last night after tea, when you and mama went out
of the room, they were whispering and talking together as fast as could
be, and he seemed to be begging something of her, and presently he took
up her scissors and cut off a long lock of her hair, for it was all
tumbled down her back; and he kissed it, and folded it up in a piece of
white paper; and put it into his pocket-book."

For such particulars, stated on such authority, Elinor could not
withhold her credit; nor was she disposed to it, for the circumstance
was in perfect unison with what she had heard and seen herself.

Margaret's sagacity was not always displayed in a way so satisfactory
to her sister.  When Mrs. Jennings attacked her one evening at the
park, to give the name of the young man who was Elinor's particular
favourite, which had been long a matter of great curiosity to her,
Margaret answered by looking at her sister, and saying, "I must not
tell, may I, Elinor?"

This of course made every body laugh; and Elinor tried to laugh too.
But the effort was painful.  She was convinced that Margaret had fixed
on a person whose name she could not bear with composure to become a
standing joke with Mrs. Jennings.

Marianne felt for her most sincerely; but she did more harm than good
to the cause, by turning very red and saying in an angry manner to
Margaret,

"Remember that whatever your conjectures may be, you have no right to
repeat them."

"I never had any conjectures about it," replied Margaret; "it was you
who told me of it yourself."

This increased the mirth of the company, and Margaret was eagerly
pressed to say something more.

"Oh! pray, Miss Margaret, let us know all about it," said Mrs.
Jennings.  "What is the gentleman's name?"

"I must not tell, ma'am. But I know very well what it is; and I know
where he is too."

"Yes, yes, we can guess where he is; at his own house at Norland to be
sure.  He is the curate of the parish I dare say."

"No, THAT he is not.  He is of no profession at all."

"Margaret," said Marianne with great warmth, "you know that all this is
an invention of your own, and that there is no such person in
existence."

"Well, then, he is lately dead, Marianne, for I am sure there was such
a man once, and his name begins with an F."

Most grateful did Elinor feel to Lady Middleton for observing, at this
moment, "that it rained very hard," though she believed the
interruption to proceed less from any attention to her, than from her
ladyship's great dislike of all such inelegant subjects of raillery as
delighted her husband and mother.  The idea however started by her, was
immediately pursued by Colonel Brandon, who was on every occasion
mindful of the feelings of others; and much was said on the subject of
rain by both of them.  Willoughby opened the piano-forte, and asked
Marianne to sit down to it; and thus amidst the various endeavours of
different people to quit the topic, it fell to the ground.  But not so
easily did Elinor recover from the alarm into which it had thrown her.

A party was formed this evening for going on the following day to see a
very fine place about twelve miles from Barton, belonging to a
brother-in-law of Colonel Brandon, without whose interest it could not
be seen, as the proprietor, who was then abroad, had left strict orders
on that head.  The grounds were declared to be highly beautiful, and
Sir John, who was particularly warm in their praise, might be allowed
to be a tolerable judge, for he had formed parties to visit them, at
least, twice every summer for the last ten years.  They contained a
noble piece of water; a sail on which was to a form a great part of the
morning's amusement; cold provisions were to be taken, open carriages
only to be employed, and every thing conducted in the usual style of a
complete party of pleasure.

To some few of the company it appeared rather a bold undertaking,
considering the time of year, and that it had rained every day for the
last fortnight;--and Mrs. Dashwood, who had already a cold, was
persuaded by Elinor to stay at home.


finished_summaries/gradesaver/Tess of the D'Urbervilles/section_2_part_5.txt

Chapter 20

Summary: Tess had never in her recent life been so happy and would possibly never be so happy again. She and Tess stand between predilection and love. For Angel, Tess represents a visionary essence of woman, and calls her Artemis, Demeter, and other fanciful names, but she insists that he call her simply Tess. Tess seems to exhibit a dignified largeness of disposition and physique. The two are always the first to awake at the dairy house, where they feel an impressive isolation, as if they are Adam and Eve.

Hardy makes explicit that Tess's time at Talbothays dairy is an idyllic respite from her normal toil and hardship, yet states that this happiness will be short-lived, foreshadowing greater adversity for Tess Durbeyfield. Hardy compares Angel and Tess to Adam and Eve in the mornings, thus foreshadowing a later fall from perfection. It is the idealism and perfection that Tess finds at Talbothays that leads to this shaky foundation for her happiness; Angel Clare adores Tess as a representation of perfection. To Angel, Tess is a goddess such as Artemis or Demeter, a symbol of perfection rather than a person with obvious faults and foibles. There is a great irony in Angel's adoration for Tess; Angel exalts Tess as a goddess for her strength and disposition, yet this perfection comes from the adversity stemming from her greatest weakness

The season developed and matured.  Another year's instalment of
flowers, leaves, nightingales, thrushes, finches, and such ephemeral
creatures, took up their positions where only a year ago others had
stood in their place when these were nothing more than germs and
inorganic particles.  Rays from the sunrise drew forth the buds and
stretched them into long stalks, lifted up sap in noiseless streams,
opened petals, and sucked out scents in invisible jets and
breathings.

Dairyman Crick's household of maids and men lived on comfortably,
placidly, even merrily.  Their position was perhaps the happiest of
all positions in the social scale, being above the line at which
neediness ends, and below the line at which the _convenances_ begin
to cramp natural feelings, and the stress of threadbare modishness
makes too little of enough.

Thus passed the leafy time when arborescence seems to be the one
thing aimed at out of doors.  Tess and Clare unconsciously studied
each other, ever balanced on the edge of a passion, yet apparently
keeping out of it.  All the while they were converging, under an
irresistible law, as surely as two streams in one vale.

Tess had never in her recent life been so happy as she was now,
possibly never would be so happy again.  She was, for one thing,
physically and mentally suited among these new surroundings.  The
sapling which had rooted down to a poisonous stratum on the spot of
its sowing had been transplanted to a deeper soil.  Moreover she, and
Clare also, stood as yet on the debatable land between predilection
and love; where no profundities have been reached; no reflections
have set in, awkwardly inquiring, "Whither does this new current tend
to carry me?  What does it mean to my future?  How does it stand
towards my past?"

Tess was the merest stray phenomenon to Angel Clare as yet--a rosy,
warming apparition which had only just acquired the attribute of
persistence in his consciousness.  So he allowed his mind to be
occupied with her, deeming his preoccupation to be no more than a
philosopher's regard of an exceedingly novel, fresh, and interesting
specimen of womankind.

They met continually; they could not help it.  They met daily in that
strange and solemn interval, the twilight of the morning, in the
violet or pink dawn; for it was necessary to rise early, so very
early, here.  Milking was done betimes; and before the milking came
the skimming, which began at a little past three.  It usually fell
to the lot of some one or other of them to wake the rest, the first
being aroused by an alarm-clock; and, as Tess was the latest arrival,
and they soon discovered that she could be depended upon not to sleep
though the alarm as others did, this task was thrust most frequently
upon her.  No sooner had the hour of three struck and whizzed,
than she left her room and ran to the dairyman's door; then up the
ladder to Angel's, calling him in a loud whisper; then woke her
fellow-milkmaids.  By the time that Tess was dressed Clare was
downstairs and out in the humid air.  The remaining maids and the
dairyman usually gave themselves another turn on the pillow, and did
not appear till a quarter of an hour later.

The gray half-tones of daybreak are not the gray half-tones of the
day's close, though the degree of their shade may be the same.  In
the twilight of the morning, light seems active, darkness passive;
in the twilight of evening it is the darkness which is active and
crescent, and the light which is the drowsy reverse.

Being so often--possibly not always by chance--the first two persons
to get up at the dairy-house, they seemed to themselves the first
persons up of all the world.  In these early days of her residence
here Tess did not skim, but went out of doors at once after rising,
where he was generally awaiting her.  The spectral, half-compounded,
aqueous light which pervaded the open mead impressed them with
a feeling of isolation, as if they were Adam and Eve.  At this
dim inceptive stage of the day Tess seemed to Clare to exhibit a
dignified largeness both of disposition and physique, an almost
regnant power, possibly because he knew that at that preternatural
time hardly any woman so well endowed in person as she was likely to
be walking in the open air within the boundaries of his horizon; very
few in all England.  Fair women are usually asleep at mid-summer
dawns.  She was close at hand, and the rest were nowhere.

The mixed, singular, luminous gloom in which they walked along
together to the spot where the cows lay often made him think of the
Resurrection hour.  He little thought that the Magdalen might be
at his side.  Whilst all the landscape was in neutral shade his
companion's face, which was the focus of his eyes, rising above the
mist stratum, seemed to have a sort of phosphorescence upon it.  She
looked ghostly, as if she were merely a soul at large.  In reality
her face, without appearing to do so, had caught the cold gleam of
day from the north-east; his own face, though he did not think of
it, wore the same aspect to her.

It was then, as has been said, that she impressed him most deeply.
She was no longer the milkmaid, but a visionary essence of woman--a
whole sex condensed into one typical form.  He called her Artemis,
Demeter, and other fanciful names half teasingly, which she did not
like because she did not understand them.

"Call me Tess," she would say askance; and he did.

Then it would grow lighter, and her features would become simply
feminine; they had changed from those of a divinity who could confer
bliss to those of a being who craved it.

At these non-human hours they could get quite close to the waterfowl.
Herons came, with a great bold noise as of opening doors and
shutters, out of the boughs of a plantation which they frequented at
the side of the mead; or, if already on the spot, hardily maintained
their standing in the water as the pair walked by, watching them by
moving their heads round in a slow, horizontal, passionless wheel,
like the turn of puppets by clockwork.

They could then see the faint summer fogs in layers, woolly, level,
and apparently no thicker than counterpanes, spread about the meadows
in detached remnants of small extent.  On the gray moisture of the
grass were marks where the cows had lain through the night--dark-green
islands of dry herbage the size of their carcasses, in the general
sea of dew. From each island proceeded a serpentine trail, by which
the cow had rambled away to feed after getting up, at the end of
which trail they found her; the snoring puff from her nostrils, when
she recognized them, making an intenser little fog of her own amid
the prevailing one.  Then they drove the animals back to the barton,
or sat down to milk them on the spot, as the case might require.

Or perhaps the summer fog was more general, and the meadows lay like
a white sea, out of which the scattered trees rose like dangerous
rocks.  Birds would soar through it into the upper radiance, and
hang on the wing sunning themselves, or alight on the wet rails
subdividing the mead, which now shone like glass rods.  Minute
diamonds of moisture from the mist hung, too, upon Tess's eyelashes,
and drops upon her hair, like seed pearls.  When the day grew quite
strong and commonplace these dried off her; moreover, Tess then
lost her strange and ethereal beauty; her teeth, lips, and eyes
scintillated in the sunbeams and she was again the dazzlingly fair
dairymaid only, who had to hold her own against the other women of
the world.

About this time they would hear Dairyman Crick's voice, lecturing the
non-resident milkers for arriving late, and speaking sharply to old
Deborah Fyander for not washing her hands.

"For Heaven's sake, pop thy hands under the pump, Deb!  Upon my soul,
if the London folk only knowed of thee and thy slovenly ways, they'd
swaller their milk and butter more mincing than they do a'ready; and
that's saying a good deal."

The milking progressed, till towards the end Tess and Clare, in
common with the rest, could hear the heavy breakfast table dragged
out from the wall in the kitchen by Mrs Crick, this being the
invariable preliminary to each meal; the same horrible scrape
accompanying its return journey when the table had been cleared.


Chapter 9

Summary: Rulers that come to power because of the support of the people are the total opposite of bloody conquers. Everyone loves 'em. They're not too smart, or even extra lucky, but just enough to get by. Our new ruler has three options for his new place: a monarchy where power goes to the nobles, a republic where power goes to the people, and anarchy. In monarchies, either the nobles or the people decide to concentrate all the power in one person, the king. Seems simple enough, but a king who comes to power because of the nobles will have a hard time. After all, the nobles have lots of power to throw around, too. Remember, you don't want anyone who can compete with you around, and these are the people with the weapons. What are the regular people going to do to you? Poke you with their potatoes? Bottom line: be friends with the people, because the nobles have too many tricks up their sleeves. More on nobles. There are two kinds, those who are totally 100% loyally part of your fan club and those who aren't. Out of those who aren't, there are two kinds. Those who are just scaredy-cats , and those who are planning something. The latter are the ones to watch out for because they will turn on you at the drop of a hat. Okay, back to the people. You need to be on their side. It's pretty easy, actually, because they basically just don't want to be oppressed and tortured. Also, if they thought you were going to be super mean, and you turn out to be okay, they will love you even more than if they loved you from the start. They're easy to please. Some people say that it's a bad idea to depend on the support of the people. Machiavelli just doesn't agree--he says that's only the case if you're stupid and think they'll fight for you or rescue you. That's not going to happen. But they can support you and not turn against you. Problems for the ruler supported by the people? When they want to become an absolute ruler, they need either give direct command or rule though other people who they give power to. The problem is, these people aren't always the most trustworthy--before you know it, everything is up in flames. So, make sure your people always need not only your government , but you specifically, and everything will be okay.

But coming to the other point--where a leading citizen becomes the
prince of his country, not by wickedness or any intolerable violence,
but by the favour of his fellow citizens--this may be called a civil
principality: nor is genius or fortune altogether necessary to attain to
it, but rather a happy shrewdness. I say then that such a principality
is obtained either by the favour of the people or by the favour of the
nobles. Because in all cities these two distinct parties are found,
and from this it arises that the people do not wish to be ruled nor
oppressed by the nobles, and the nobles wish to rule and oppress the
people; and from these two opposite desires there arises in cities one
of three results, either a principality, self-government, or anarchy.

A principality is created either by the people or by the nobles,
accordingly as one or other of them has the opportunity; for the nobles,
seeing they cannot withstand the people, begin to cry up the reputation
of one of themselves, and they make him a prince, so that under his
shadow they can give vent to their ambitions. The people, finding
they cannot resist the nobles, also cry up the reputation of one of
themselves, and make him a prince so as to be defended by his authority.
He who obtains sovereignty by the assistance of the nobles maintains
himself with more difficulty than he who comes to it by the aid of
the people, because the former finds himself with many around him who
consider themselves his equals, and because of this he can neither rule
nor manage them to his liking. But he who reaches sovereignty by popular
favour finds himself alone, and has none around him, or few, who are not
prepared to obey him.

Besides this, one cannot by fair dealing, and without injury to others,
satisfy the nobles, but you can satisfy the people, for their object is
more righteous than that of the nobles, the latter wishing to oppress,
while the former only desire not to be oppressed. It is to be added also
that a prince can never secure himself against a hostile people, because
of there being too many, whilst from the nobles he can secure himself,
as they are few in number. The worst that a prince may expect from a
hostile people is to be abandoned by them; but from hostile nobles he
has not only to fear abandonment, but also that they will rise against
him; for they, being in these affairs more far-seeing and astute, always
come forward in time to save themselves, and to obtain favours from him
whom they expect to prevail. Further, the prince is compelled to live
always with the same people, but he can do well without the same nobles,
being able to make and unmake them daily, and to give or take away
authority when it pleases him.

Therefore, to make this point clearer, I say that the nobles ought to
be looked at mainly in two ways: that is to say, they either shape their
course in such a way as binds them entirely to your fortune, or they do
not. Those who so bind themselves, and are not rapacious, ought to be
honoured and loved; those who do not bind themselves may be dealt
with in two ways; they may fail to do this through pusillanimity and a
natural want of courage, in which case you ought to make use of them,
especially of those who are of good counsel; and thus, whilst in
prosperity you honour them, in adversity you do not have to fear them.
But when for their own ambitious ends they shun binding themselves, it
is a token that they are giving more thought to themselves than to you,
and a prince ought to guard against such, and to fear them as if they
were open enemies, because in adversity they always help to ruin him.

Therefore, one who becomes a prince through the favour of the people
ought to keep them friendly, and this he can easily do seeing they
only ask not to be oppressed by him. But one who, in opposition to
the people, becomes a prince by the favour of the nobles, ought, above
everything, to seek to win the people over to himself, and this he may
easily do if he takes them under his protection. Because men, when they
receive good from him of whom they were expecting evil, are bound more
closely to their benefactor; thus the people quickly become more devoted
to him than if he had been raised to the principality by their favours;
and the prince can win their affections in many ways, but as these vary
according to the circumstances one cannot give fixed rules, so I omit
them; but, I repeat, it is necessary for a prince to have the people
friendly, otherwise he has no security in adversity.

Nabis,(*) Prince of the Spartans, sustained the attack of all Greece,
and of a victorious Roman army, and against them he defended his country
and his government; and for the overcoming of this peril it was only
necessary for him to make himself secure against a few, but this would
not have been sufficient had the people been hostile. And do not let any
one impugn this statement with the trite proverb that "He who builds on
the people, builds on the mud," for this is true when a private citizen
makes a foundation there, and persuades himself that the people will
free him when he is oppressed by his enemies or by the magistrates;
wherein he would find himself very often deceived, as happened to the
Gracchi in Rome and to Messer Giorgio Scali(+) in Florence. But granted
a prince who has established himself as above, who can command, and is
a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who does not fail in other
qualifications, and who, by his resolution and energy, keeps the whole
people encouraged--such a one will never find himself deceived in them,
and it will be shown that he has laid his foundations well.

     (*) Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, conquered by the Romans under
     Flamininus in 195 B.C.; killed 192 B.C.

     (+) Messer Giorgio Scali. This event is to be found in
     Machiavelli's "Florentine History," Book III.

These principalities are liable to danger when they are passing from the
civil to the absolute order of government, for such princes either rule
personally or through magistrates. In the latter case their government
is weaker and more insecure, because it rests entirely on the goodwill
of those citizens who are raised to the magistracy, and who, especially
in troubled times, can destroy the government with great ease, either
by intrigue or open defiance; and the prince has not the chance amid
tumults to exercise absolute authority, because the citizens and
subjects, accustomed to receive orders from magistrates, are not of
a mind to obey him amid these confusions, and there will always be in
doubtful times a scarcity of men whom he can trust. For such a prince
cannot rely upon what he observes in quiet times, when citizens have
need of the state, because then every one agrees with him; they all
promise, and when death is far distant they all wish to die for him;
but in troubled times, when the state has need of its citizens, then
he finds but few. And so much the more is this experiment dangerous,
inasmuch as it can only be tried once. Therefore a wise prince ought to
adopt such a course that his citizens will always in every sort and
kind of circumstance have need of the state and of him, and then he will
always find them faithful.