Context:
While Pei and Musho were coordinating the Dallas project, their associate Henry Cobb had taken the helm for a commission in Boston. John Hancock Insurance chairman Robert Slater hired I. M. Pei & Partners to design a building that could overshadow the Prudential Tower, erected by their rival.After the firm's first plan was discarded due to a need for more office space, Cobb developed a new plan around a towering parallelogram, slanted away from the Trinity Church and accented by a wedge cut into each narrow side. To minimize the visual impact, the building was covered in large reflective glass panels; Cobb said this would make the building a "background and foil" to the older structures around it. When the Hancock Tower was finished in 1976, it was the tallest building in New England.
Serious issues of execution became evident in the tower almost immediately. Many glass panels fractured in a windstorm during construction in 1973. Some detached and fell to the ground, causing no injuries but sparking concern among Boston residents. In response, the entire tower was reglazed with smaller panels. This significantly increased the cost of the project. Hancock sued the glass manufacturers, Libbey-Owens-Ford, as well as I. M. Pei & Partners, for submitting plans that were "not good and workmanlike". LOF countersued Hancock for defamation, accusing Pei's firm of poor use of their materials; I. M. Pei & Partners sued LOF in return. All three companies settled out of court in 1981.The project became an albatross for Pei's firm. Pei himself refused to discuss it for many years. The pace of new commissions slowed and the firm's architects began looking overseas for opportunities. Cobb worked in Australia and Pei took on jobs in Singapore, Iran, and Kuwait. Although it was a difficult time for everyone involved, Pei later reflected with patience on the experience. "Going through this trial toughened us," he said. "It helped to cement us as partners; we did not give up on each other."

Question: What are the full names of the three companies who settled out of court in 1981?

I. M. Pei & Partners
Libbey-Owens-Ford
John Hancock Insurance


With proper equipment, scuba-diving is very

With proper equipment, scuba-diving isn't very


Drinking tap water in developing countries is very

Drinking tap water in developing countries isn't very


Most smokers find that quitting isn't very


A fast food dinner on a first date is very

A fast food dinner on a first date isn't very


def num_addresses(self):
        """Number of hosts in the current subnet."""
        return int(self.broadcast_address) - int(self.network_address) + 1

def num_addresses ( self ) : return int ( self . broadcast_address ) - int ( self . network_address ) + 1


Tries to get a stack trace for the current function . Only works for functions with standard prologue and epilogue .

def get_stack_trace_with_labels(self, depth = 16, bMakePretty = True):
        """
        Tries to get a stack trace for the current function.
        Only works for functions with standard prologue and epilogue.

        @type  depth: int
        @param depth: Maximum depth of stack trace.

        @type  bMakePretty: bool
        @param bMakePretty:
            C{True} for user readable labels,
            C{False} for labels that can be passed to L{Process.resolve_label}.

            "Pretty" labels look better when producing output for the user to
            read, while pure labels are more useful programatically.

        @rtype:  tuple of tuple( int, int, str )
        @return: Stack trace of the thread as a tuple of
            ( return address, frame pointer label ).

        @raise WindowsError: Raises an exception on error.
        """
        try:
            trace = self.__get_stack_trace(depth, True, bMakePretty)
        except Exception:
            trace = ()
        if not trace:
            trace = self.__get_stack_trace_manually(depth, True, bMakePretty)
        return trace

def get_stack_trace_with_labels ( self , depth = 16 , bMakePretty = True ) : try : trace = self . __get_stack_trace ( depth , True , bMakePretty ) except Exception : trace = ( ) if not trace : trace = self . __get_stack_trace_manually ( depth , True , bMakePretty ) return trace


Resume motion after a call to : py : meth : pause .

def resume(self, pause_type: PauseType):
        """
        Resume motion after a call to :py:meth:`pause`.
        """
        self._pause_manager.resume(pause_type)

        if self._pause_manager.should_pause:
            return

        # Resume must be called immediately to awaken thread running hardware
        #  methods (ThreadManager)
        self._backend.resume()

        async def _chained_calls():
            # mirror what happens API.pause.
            await self._execution_manager.resume()
            self._backend.resume()

        asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(_chained_calls(), self._loop)


def step2_exchange(self, code, http=None):
    """Exhanges a code for OAuth2Credentials.

    Args:
      code: string or dict, either the code as a string, or a dictionary
        of the query parameters to the redirect_uri, which contains
        the code.
      http: httplib2.Http, optional http instance to use to do the fetch

    Returns:
      An OAuth2Credentials object that can be used to authorize requests.

    Raises:
      FlowExchangeError if a problem occured exchanging the code for a
      refresh_token.
    """

    if not (isinstance(code, str) or isinstance(code, unicode)):
      if 'code' not in code:
        if 'error' in code:
          error_msg = code['error']
        else:
          error_msg = 'No code was supplied in the query parameters.'
        raise FlowExchangeError(error_msg)
      else:
        code = code['code']

    body = urllib.urlencode({
        'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
        'client_id': self.client_id,
        'client_secret': self.client_secret,
        'code': code,
        'redirect_uri': self.redirect_uri,
        'scope': self.scope,
        })
    headers = {
        'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    }

    if self.user_agent is not None:
      headers['user-agent'] = self.user_agent

    if http is None:
      http = httplib2.Http()

    resp, content = http.request(self.token_uri, method='POST', body=body,
                                 headers=headers)
    d = _parse_exchange_token_response(content)
    if resp.status == 200 and 'access_token' in d:
      access_token = d['access_token']
      refresh_token = d.get('refresh_token', None)
      token_expiry = None
      if 'expires_in' in d:
        token_expiry = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(
            seconds=int(d['expires_in']))

      if 'id_token' in d:
        d['id_token'] = _extract_id_token(d['id_token'])

      logger.info('Successfully retrieved access token')
      return OAuth2Credentials(access_token, self.client_id,
                               self.client_secret, refresh_token, token_expiry,
                               self.token_uri, self.user_agent,
                               revoke_uri=self.revoke_uri,
                               id_token=d.get('id_token', None),
                               token_response=d)
    else:
      logger.info('Failed to retrieve access token: %s' % content)
      if 'error' in d:
        # you never know what those providers got to say
        error_msg = unicode(d['error'])
      else:
        error_msg = 'Invalid response: %s.' % str(resp.status)
      raise FlowExchangeError(error_msg)


def set_server(self, server: str):
        """Setter for the Parsr server's address
        """
        self.server = server

def set_server ( self , server : str ) : self . server = server


Envia el comando CMD_PRINTER_PRINT al ARM .

def do_print(self):
        """Envia el comando CMD_PRINTER_PRINT al ARM."""
        self._send_command(CMD_PRINTER_PRINT)

def do_print ( self ) : self . _send_command ( CMD_PRINTER_PRINT )


r Use the %exercise cell decorator to create interactive exercise sets . Put %exercise at the top of the cell then write Sage code in the cell that defines the following ( all are optional ) :

def exercise(code):
    r"""
    Use the %exercise cell decorator to create interactive exercise
    sets.  Put %exercise at the top of the cell, then write Sage code
    in the cell that defines the following (all are optional):

    - a ``question`` variable, as an HTML string with math in dollar
      signs

    - an ``answer`` variable, which can be any object, or a pair
      (correct_value, interact control) -- see the docstring for
      interact for controls.

    - an optional callable ``check(answer)`` that returns a boolean or
      a 2-tuple

            (True or False, message),

      where the first argument is True if the answer is correct, and
      the optional second argument is a message that should be
      displayed in response to the given answer.  NOTE: Often the
      input "answer" will be a string, so you may have to use Integer,
      RealNumber, or sage_eval to evaluate it, depending
      on what you want to allow the user to do.

    - hints -- optional list of strings to display in sequence each
      time the user enters a wrong answer.  The last string is
      displayed repeatedly.  If hints is omitted, the correct answer
      is displayed after three attempts.

    NOTE: The code that defines the exercise is executed so that it
    does not impact (and is not impacted by) the global scope of your
    variables elsewhere in your session.  Thus you can have many
    %exercise cells in a single worksheet with no interference between
    them.

    The following examples further illustrate how %exercise works.

    An exercise to test your ability to sum the first $n$ integers::

        %exercise
        title    = "Sum the first n integers, like Gauss did."
        n        = randint(3, 100)
        question = "What is the sum $1 + 2 + \\cdots + %s$ of the first %s positive integers?"%(n,n)
        answer   = n*(n+1)//2

    Transpose a matrix::

        %exercise
        title    = r"Transpose a $2 \times 2$ Matrix"
        A        = random_matrix(ZZ,2)
        question = "What is the transpose of $%s?$"%latex(A)
        answer   = A.transpose()

    Add together a few numbers::

        %exercise
        k        = randint(2,5)
        title    = "Add %s numbers"%k
        v        = [randint(1,10) for _ in range(k)]
        question = "What is the sum $%s$?"%(' + '.join([str(x) for x in v]))
        answer   = sum(v)

    The trace of a matrix::

        %exercise
        title    = "Compute the trace of a matrix."
        A        = random_matrix(ZZ, 3, x=-5, y = 5)^2
        question = "What is the trace of $$%s?$$"%latex(A)
        answer   = A.trace()

    Some basic arithmetic with hints and dynamic feedback::

        %exercise
        k        = randint(2,5)
        title    = "Add %s numbers"%k
        v        = [randint(1,10) for _ in range(k)]
        question = "What is the sum $%s$?"%(' + '.join([str(x) for x in v]))
        answer   = sum(v)
        hints    = ['This is basic arithmetic.', 'The sum is near %s.'%(answer+randint(1,5)), "The answer is %s."%answer]
        def check(attempt):
            c = Integer(attempt) - answer
            if c == 0:
                return True
            if abs(c) >= 10:
                return False, "Gees -- not even close!"
            if c < 0:
                return False, "too low"
            if c > 0:
                return False, "too high"
    """
    f = closure(code)
    def g():
        x = f()
        return x.get('title',''), x.get('question', ''), x.get('answer',''), x.get('check',None), x.get('hints',None)

    title, question, answer, check, hints = g()
    obj = {}
    obj['E'] = Exercise(question, answer, check, hints)
    obj['title'] = title
    def title_control(t):
        return text_control('
%s
'%t)

    the_times = []
    @interact(layout=[[('go',1), ('title',11,'')],[('')], [('times',12, "Times:")]], flicker=True)
    def h(go    = button(" "*5 + "Go" + " "*7, label='', icon='fa-refresh', classes="btn-large btn-success"),
          title = title_control(title),
          times = text_control('')):
        c = interact.changed()
        if 'go' in c or 'another' in c:
            interact.title = title_control(obj['title'])
            def cb(obj):
                the_times.append("%.1f"%obj['time'])
                h.times = ', '.join(the_times)

            obj['E'].ask(cb)

            title, question, answer, check, hints = g()   # get ready for next time.
            obj['title'] = title
            obj['E'] = Exercise(question, answer, check, hints)

def
exercise
(
code
)
:
f
=
closure
(
code
)
def
g
(
)
:
x
=
f
(
)
return
x
.
get
(
'title'
,
''
)
,
x
.
get
(
'question'
,
''
)
,
x
.
get
(
'answer'
,
''
)
,
x
.
get
(
'check'
,
)
,
x
.
get
(
'hints'
,
)
title
,
question
,
answer
,
check
,
hints
=
g
(
)
obj
=
{
}
obj
[
'E'
]
=
Exercise
(
question
,
answer
,
check
,
hints
)
obj
[
'title'
]
=
title
def
title_control
(
t
)
:
return
text_control
(
'
%s
'
%
t
)
the_times
=
[
]
@
interact
(
layout
=
[
[
(
'go'
,
1
)
,
(
'title'
,
11
,
''
)
]
,
[
(
''
)
]
,
[
(
'times'
,
12
,
"Times:"
)
]
]
,
flicker
=
True
)
def
h
(
go
=
button
(
" "
*
5
+
"Go"
+
" "
*
7
,
label
=
''
,
icon
=
'fa-refresh'
,
classes
=
"btn-large btn-success"
)
,
title
=
title_control
(
title
)
,
times
=
text_control
(
''
)
)
:
c
=
interact
.
changed
(
)
if
'go'
in
c
or
'another'
in
c
:
interact
.
title
=
title_control
(
obj
[
'title'
]
)
def
cb
(
obj
)
:
the_times
.
append
(
"%.1f"
%
obj
[
'time'
]
)
h
.
times
=
', '
.
join
(
the_times
)
obj
[
'E'
]
.
ask
(
cb
)
title
,
question
,
answer
,
check
,
hints
=
g
(
)
# get ready for next time.
obj
[
'title'
]
=
title
obj
[
'E'
]
=
Exercise
(
question
,
answer
,
check
,
hints
)


def Sequence(token):
    """ A sequence of the token"""
    return OneOrMore(token + maybeComma)

def Sequence ( token ) : return OneOrMore ( token + maybeComma )


return a boolean value whether subnets and IPs should be provisioned for instance object

def should_create_subnets_ips(cls, instance, **kwargs):
        """
        return a boolean value whether subnets and IPs should
        be provisioned for "instance" object
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

def should_create_subnets_ips ( cls , instance , * * kwargs ) : raise NotImplementedError ( )


Return the Android module name used for a gyp spec .

def ComputeAndroidModule(self, spec):
    """Return the Android module name used for a gyp spec.

    We use the complete qualified target name to avoid collisions between
    duplicate targets in different directories. We also add a suffix to
    distinguish gyp-generated module names.
    """

    if int(spec.get('android_unmangled_name', 0)):
      assert self.type != 'shared_library' or self.target.startswith('lib')
      return self.target

    if self.type == 'shared_library':
      # For reasons of convention, the Android build system requires that all
      # shared library modules are named 'libfoo' when generating -l flags.
      prefix = 'lib_'
    else:
      prefix = ''

    if spec['toolset'] == 'host':
      suffix = '_$(TARGET_$(GYP_VAR_PREFIX)ARCH)_host_gyp'
    else:
      suffix = '_gyp'

    if self.path:
      middle = make.StringToMakefileVariable('%s_%s' % (self.path, self.target))
    else:
      middle = make.StringToMakefileVariable(self.target)

    return ''.join([prefix, middle, suffix])


This morning the ultra peachy was good.  I also like the watermelon flavor.

I've never heard of that one! I'll have to look it up. I'm a big fan of Mountain Dew.


Mountain Dew diet is okay.  I like the low calorie drinks.  I think this weekend I may have eaten too much on Saturday.

I'm sorry to hear that. I try to limit my sugar intake as much as I can.


This weekend I am doing alot of painting, drawing, and artwork.

That sounds like a lot of fun. What kind of artwork do you like to do?


Oil painting, drawing with micro pens so pen and ink.  I also like mixed media and AI art.  How about you, what kind of artwork do you like?

I like to draw, but I'm not very good at it. Do you have any hobbies?


My two favorite hobbies are writing computer programs and playing music.  On weekends I read alot of new songs and try to play them through and sing them first time.

I love music! I play the piano, guitar, and drums. What do you play?


I play flamenco guitar, the Yamaha ModX keyboard/synthesizerr, and the Roland Fantom G keyboard and synthesizer.  I like the two keyboards alot since they integrate all my sound and music.

That's awesome! I've always wanted to learn how to play an instrument. Do you play any other instruments?


I used to play cello.  Sometimes too I have played multiple instruments and have released 13 music albums so far.

Wow, that's a lot of instruments. How long did it take you to learn all of them?


It took maybe 20 years to get good with them.  The cello only played about 4 years.  Keyboard I play nearly every day.

Wow! That's dedication right there. I bet you're really good at it.


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Each project shall define the values of the coefficients of thermal expansion ( CTE ) and of moisture expansion ( CME ) for high stability structural application .


The Micro - VCM datasheet shall contain an unique sample identification .


The following process parameter shall be controlled : 1 . applied electrical current characteristics ( voltage , intensity , current density ) , 2 . composition and pH - value of the electrolyte , 3 . location of the electrodes and their distance with respect to the part , 4 . temperature of the bath , 5 . stirring parameter of the bath , 6 . volume of the electrolyte with respect to that of the treated part , 7 . process time .


The initiator user application shall pass the following information to the initiator : 1 . Target SpaceWire Address 2 . Target Logical Address 3 . Read - modify - write command options 4 . Key 5 . Reply Address 6 . Initiator Logical Address 7 . Transaction Identifier 8 . Extended Address 9 . Memory address 10 . Data Length 11 . Data 12 . Mask


The margin on the throughput of on - board communication networks should be 1 . for new developments , 50 % as a minimum at preliminary design review on the average throughput ; 2 . such that real time overflow is avoided .


The total number of chip to substrate or substrate pad to substrate pad wire re - bondings shall be limited to a maximum of 10 % of the total number of wires on the hybrid circuit .


When working in synchronous mode , the angular inertial data measurement acquisition shall be synchronized with the external interrogation signal .


The AR - MSDS shall provide the toxic combustion products generated by the propulsion system in case of fire .


Click the link "Advanced Search" to start your search.

Cliquez sur le link "Advanced Search" per iniziare il tuo questo.


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why is communication so important for corporate change

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what animals are known for venomous attacks

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how to extend chocolatey array in powershell

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what are business requirements for sc cares

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what steps do you have to take at dmv to get a car title

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Add ImageNet-Sketch dataset

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4301). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

This PR adds the ImageNet-Sketch dataset and resolves #3953 .


Add API code examples for loading methods

documentation

Improvements or additions to documentation

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4300). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

This PR adds API code examples for loading methods, let me know if I've missed any important parameters we should showcase :)

I was a bit confused about `inspect_dataset` and `inspect_metric`. The `path` parameter says it will accept a dataset identifier from the Hub. But when I try the identifier `rotten_tomatoes`, it gives me:

```py
from datasets import inspect_dataset
inspect_dataset('rotten_tomatoes', local_path='/content/rotten_tomatoes')

FileNotFoundError: Couldn't find a dataset script at /content/rotten_tomatoes/rotten_tomatoes.py or any data file in the same directory.
```

Does the user need to have an existing copy of `rotten_tomatoes.py` on their local drive (in which case, it seems like the same option as the first option in `path`)?


Remove manual download from imagenet-1k

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4299). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

Remove the manual download code from `imagenet-1k` to make it a regular dataset.


Normalise license names

enhancement

New feature or request

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
When browsing datasets, the Licenses tag cloud (bottom left of e.g. https://huggingface.co/datasets) has multiple variants of the same license. This means the options exclude datasets arbitrarily, giving users artificially low recall. The cause of the dupes is probably due to a bit of variation in metadata.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
I'd like the licenses in metadata to follow the same standard as much as possible, to remove this problem. I'd like to go ahead and normalise the dataset metadata to follow the format & values given in [src/datasets/utils/resources/licenses.json](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/src/datasets/utils/resources/licenses.json) .

**Describe alternatives you've considered**
None

**Additional context**
None

**Priority**
Low


Fix URL query parameters in compression hop path when streaming

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4296). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

Fix #3488.


Fix missing lz4 dependency for tests

_The documentation is not available anymore as the PR was closed or merged._

Currently, `lz4` is not defined as a dependency for tests. Therefore, all tests marked with `@require_lz4` are skipped.


Fix CLI run_beam save_infos

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4294). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

Currently, it raises TypeError:
```
TypeError: _download_and_prepare() got an unexpected keyword argument 'save_infos'
```


Fix wrong map parameter name in cache docs

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4293). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

The `load_from_cache` parameter of `map` should be `load_from_cache_file`.


Add API code examples for remaining main classes

The docs for this PR live [here](https://moon-ci-docs.huggingface.co/docs/datasets/pr_4292). All of your documentation changes will be reflected on that endpoint.

This PR adds API code examples for the remaining functions in the Main classes. I wasn't too familiar with some of the functions (`decode_batch`, `decode_column`, `decode_example`, etc.) so please feel free to add an example of usage and I can fill in the rest :)


 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.

 *****************************************************************************/
#pragma once

#include <memory>
#include <string>

#include "modules/perception/lidar/lib/tracker/multi_lidar_fusion/mlf_base_filter.h"
#include "modules/perception/lidar/lib/tracker/multi_lidar_fusion/mlf_motion_measurement.h"
#include "modules/perception/lidar/lib/tracker/multi_lidar_fusion/mlf_motion_refiner.h"

namespace apollo {
namespace perception {
namespace lidar {

class MlfMotionFilter : public MlfBaseFilter {
 public:
  MlfMotionFilter() = default;
  virtual ~MlfMotionFilter() = default;

  bool Init(
      const MlfFilterInitOptions& options = MlfFilterInitOptions()) override;

  // @brief: updating motion filter with object
  // @params [in]: options for updating
  // @params [in]: track data, not include new object
  // @params [in/out]: new object for updating
  void UpdateWithObject(const MlfFilterOptions& options,
                        const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
                        TrackedObjectPtr new_object) override;

  // @brief: updating motion filter without object
  // @params [in]: options for updating
  // @params [in]: current timestamp
  // @params [in/out]: track data to be updated
  void UpdateWithoutObject(const MlfFilterOptions& options, double timestamp,
                           MlfTrackDataPtr track_data) override;

  std::string Name() const override { return "MlfMotionFilter"; }

 protected:
  // @brief: initialize track state and store in the new object
  // @params [out]: new object to be updated
  void InitializeTrackState(TrackedObjectPtr new_object);

  // @brief: update state with kalman filter,
  //         constant acceleration motion model,
  //         only velocity measurement is observed
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in]: latest object in the track data
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void KalmanFilterUpdateWithPartialObservation(
      const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
      const TrackedObjectConstPtr& latest_object, TrackedObjectPtr new_object);

  // @brief: adjust kalman state gain with several strategies
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in]: latest object in the track data
  // @params [in]: new object to be updated
  // @params [in/out]: state gain
  void StateGainAdjustment(const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
                           const TrackedObjectConstPtr& latest_object,
                           const TrackedObjectConstPtr& new_object,
                           Eigen::Vector4d* gain);

  // @brief: estimate convergence confidence and boost up state
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in]: latest object in the track data
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void ConvergenceEstimationAndBoostUp(
      const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
      const TrackedObjectConstPtr& latest_object, TrackedObjectPtr new_object);

  // @brief: compute convergence confidence
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  // @params [in]: whether using belief velocity or output velocity
  void ComputeConvergenceConfidence(const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
                                    TrackedObjectPtr new_object,
                                    bool velocity_source_is_belief = true);

  // @brief: boost up state considering track history
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void BoostupState(const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
                    TrackedObjectPtr new_object);

  // @brief: cliping state if is within noise level
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void ClipingState(TrackedObjectPtr object);

  // @brief: estimate covariance considering history measurment
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void OnlineCovarianceEstimation(const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
                                  TrackedObjectPtr object);

  // @brief: update convergence confidence
  // @params [in]: history track data
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void UpdateConverged(const MlfTrackDataConstPtr& track_data,
                       TrackedObjectPtr object);

  // @brief: synchronize state to belief to keep consistency
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void StateToBelief(TrackedObjectPtr object);

  // @brief: copy belief to output
  // @params [in/out]: new object to be updated
  void BeliefToOutput(TrackedObjectPtr object);

 protected:
  const double EPSION_TIME = 1e-3;
  const double DEFAULT_FPS = 0.1;
  // motion measurement
  std::shared_ptr<MlfMotionMeasurement> motion_measurer_;
  // motion refiner
  std::shared_ptr<MlfMotionRefiner> motion_refiner_;
  // switch for filter strategies
  bool use_adaptive_ = true;
  bool use_breakdown_ = true;
  bool use_convergence_boostup_ = true;
  // default covariance parameters for kalman filter
  double init_velocity_variance_ = 5.0;
  double init_acceleration_variance_ = 10.0;
  double measured_velocity_variance_ = 0.4;
  double predict_variance_per_sqrsec_ = 50.0;
  // other parameters
  size_t boostup_history_size_minimum_ = 3;
  size_t boostup_history_size_maximum_ = 6;
  double converged_confidence_minimum_ = 0.5;
  double noise_maximum_ = 0.1;
  double trust_orientation_range_ = 40.0;
};  // class MlfMotionFilter

}  // namespace lidar
}  // namespace perception
}  // namespace apollo


Q:

Is this done with a regular expression?

Formatting Latitude Longitude

I am trying to format a polygon (several lat/long coordinates connected together) using Leaflet Draw.

Here is the format return and what I have done so far:
map.on("draw:drawstop", polyPointToString);
function polyPointToString(e){
    console.log("Unaltered Coordinates: " + coords);
    polyStringParse = coords.toString().replace(/[^\d,.-]/g, '');
    console.log("Polyparse: " + polyStringParse);
    polyStringParseRegExp = polyStringParse.replace(/([^,]+[^,]),/g,'$1 ');
    console.log("PolyparseRegExp: " + polyStringParseRegExp);
}

Unaltered Coordinates is this:
//Unaltered Coordinates: LatLng(46.58907, -102.74414),LatLng(46.58907, -102.74414),LatLng(46.58907, -102.74414)

PolyParse is this (only numbers, dashes, and decimal points left):
//Polyparse: 46.58907,-102.74414,46.58907,-102.74414,46.58907,-102.74414

PolyparseRegExpt is this(it keeps removing ALL commas :-(   ):
//Polyparse2: 46.58907 -102.74414 46.58907 -102.74414 46.58907 -102.74414

What is need: Comma 1, 3, 5, 7.... etc removed so that I have:
number number, number number, number number,........
Basilcally, every odd numbed comma.

right now it's removing all commas for some reason.

add the other coordinate (preceded by it's comma), making it a pair, capturing it separately without the comma:
([^,]+[^,]),([^,]+[^,],)

replacing it with
$1 $2 (space between and trailing)
reforms the coordinate pair, without the separating comma but leaving the trailing.


Expression of the sodium-chloride cotransporter in osteoblast-like cells: effect of thiazide diuretics.

The use of thiazide diuretics is associated with increased bone mineral density and, in some studies with reduced incidence of fractures, suggesting a potential role for these drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Our objective was to examine the effects of thiazides on osteoblast-like cells using the rat UMR-106 osteosarcoma cell line.

Treatment of UMR-106 cells with chlorothiazide caused membrane depolarization and a rise of intracellular calcium but had no effect on adenosine 3,5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation.

The rise of intracellular calcium was partially inhibited by nifedipine and removal of extracellular calcium, indicating calcium uptake from the extracellular media, as well as by thapsigargin or dantrolene, indicating contributions from calcium release from intracellular stores.

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate a partial cDNA clone for the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter from UMR-106 cells that hybridized to 5.0- and 11.0-kilobase mRNAs when Northern blot analysis was conducted.

Antisense oligonucleotides to the sodium-chloride cotransporter specifically inhibited the chlorothiazide-induced depolarization and rise of intracellular calcium and reduced immunofluorescence staining for the sodium-chloride cotransporter protein in UMR-106 cells.

We conclude that thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium-chloride cotransporter activity in UMR-106 cells, thereby altering intracellular calcium regulation.

These results provide evidence for direct effects of thiazide diuretics on bone cells.


Weight relapsers, maintainers, and controls: metabolic and behavioural differences.

The present investigation was undertaken to describe selected factors associated with the maintenance of body weight in three groups of women: relapsers (regained weight after losing weight), maintainers (maintained weight loss), and controls (weight stable).

The following physiological variables were also assessed: resting energy expenditure (REE), serum glucose, insulin, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3), and body composition.

As well, participants completed the interviewer-administered Weight Maintenance Questionnaire (WMQ).

Overall, relapsers were older and heavier than maintainers and controls.

As well, BMI, sum-of-four skinfolds, waist and arm circumference, serum leptin, and insulin levels were significantly greater for relapsers than for maintainers and controls.

There were no differences between maintainers and controls in any of the parameters measured.

Although relapsers revealed a history of weight cycling, the weight loss strategies and exercise habits of maintainers and relapsers did not differ.

The data suggest that the higher body mass and fat mass in relapsers may explain the physiological differences between relapsers and maintainers.


Q:

Looking for Optically isolated input board for Raspberry Pi

I am looking for a board with  that is able to take a ~12v signal and and send 3.3v to the Raspberry Pi.

I have drawn up a quick schematic of what the ideal board would be like (with screw terminals on each end).

The board also needs to be able to process input extremely quickly, so a relay wont work.

I can't seem to find any boards like this... is there anything out there?

A:

Not able to comment on the previous answer, I'll complete d3noob's answer here.

The Fiber Optics Kit from Jaycar is out-of-stock at the moment.

The following Kit seems to be a very similar (exact?)

copy of it, and even cheaper :
http://i-fiberoptics.com/educational-detail.php?id=14200&cat=kits-projects&sum=1666
The datasheet is available on the linked page as a PDF.

You may also be interested in the Fiber Optics A/D Kit (Part Number: IF 545) available from the same shop, which includes "an on-board microphone for an audio analog signal source and a built-in 15 Hz oscillator for digital signals.

It also has input connections for external analog and CMOS-compatible signals."

This 2nd kit seems to be more "stand-alone" than the first one.


Preoperative cardiac risks in noncardiac surgery: The role of coronary angiography.

The preoperative evaluation of patients candidates to noncardiac surgery requires a knowledge of factors related both to type of surgery and to features of the single patient, potentially responsible for perioperative cardiovascular complications , fatal and nonfatal.

The assessment of symptoms and/or noninvasive testing indicating the presence of coronary artery disease may suggest the need for medical therapy optimization and, eventually, coronary arteriography before the scheduled timing of noncardiac surgery.

There is no evidence favoring a prophylactic myocardial revascularization (percutaneous or surgical) and more studies are needed to define the role of coronary artery disease diagnosis and treatment before high-risk non cardiac surgery.


A man goes to extreme lengths to save his family from punishment after the family commits an accidental crime.


Four brothers hunt for the killer and the truth behind their loving foster mother who was murdered in cold blood


The film offers an alternative version of the fight between two legendary Chekavars from Chanthu's perspective.


RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: You have heard it again and again - this is an extraordinary election, unlike any other in recent memory. OK, so now imagine it's your first election. We talked to a few young voters making their choices for the very first time in a general election.</s>ASHANTI MARTINEZ: So my name's Ashanti Martinez (ph). I'm 20 years old. I'm from Prince George's County, Md., and I'm voting for Hillary Clinton.</s>LAUREN SMITH: Hi, I'm Lauren Smith. I'm 20 years old and I'm voting for Trump.</s>GENESIS LARIN: My name is Genesis Larin. I'm from Houston, Texas. And I'd say I'm a conflicted voter but leaning towards Hillary Clinton.</s>NICK TOMCHIK: My name is Nicholas Tomchik (ph). I'm from Winslow, Maine. I'm 20 years old, and I'm voting for Gary Johnson.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: All right, so I want to learn more about how each of you came to your decision. So I'm going to start with you, Lauren. You're voting for Donald Trump. Did you support him in the Republican primary?</s>LAUREN SMITH: No, I actually supported Ted Cruz. And, you know, I have to say, there's no question that this election cycle has been unbelievable. So I'm voting for Trump because not only am I a Republican but he has a pro-life agenda. He's for a limited government, and that's what I support. Am I happy with him? No, absolutely not.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Nick, you've decided to support the Libertarian candidate, Gary Johnson. How come? Why not Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton? Why go with a third-party option?</s>NICK TOMCHIK: All my life, I've gone against the status quo. I'm a Libertarian myself. I definitely believe in what Gary Johnson has to offer, his policies - minimizing the role of government, pro-choice. You know, we've got to cut the wasteful spending. We've got to offer an alternative. And especially with this election being so, you know, as Lauren said, you know, pretty much crazy, we've got to have another choice. And he brings that to America. And I really like that.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Genesis, you said you're leaning reluctantly towards Hillary Clinton. But I understand that's a big deal because you're a registered Republican.</s>GENESIS LARIN: I actually did not register with, like, a specific party affiliation. But yes, I am, I guess, leaning towards Hillary Clinton just because I'm very disappointed in the candidates that I have to choose from. But I just can't support what Donald Trump has said, even though I did vote Republican for the primaries. However, I did vote for Marco Rubio. I feel like this election, at least for me, has come down to voting against someone instead of a vote for someone that actually aligns with a lot of, like, my views for certain issues.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: And you haven't found that in either of the major party candidates?</s>GENESIS LARIN: It was mentioned before that Hillary Clinton, her experience as far as policies - and I do take into account her experience. And I guess I feel comfortable because she has been around.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: What do you not like about her? What gives you pause about her?</s>GENESIS LARIN: Part of it is her scandals. But it's also she has, you know, kind of switched sides on some of the policies. So if anything, I was kind of confused on, like, exactly where she stands because it just comes off as she's saying certain sides just to get a vote.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Ashanti, what do you think when you hear that? I mean, you're an ardent Hillary Clinton supporter, but she's had kind of a tough time making inroads with people your age. What are the top issues for you?</s>ASHANTI MARTINEZ: One of them would be definitely college affordability, making sure that no matter where you are on the income spectrum in this country that you can go to college debt-free or that you can leave college debt-free. The next issue for me is health care, making sure that folks are able to have quality health care in this country. And then I guess the next issue for me that really comes home is criminal justice reform. Too many people of black and brown skin color, that look like me, go to jail, oftentimes, for sentences and things that they shouldn't have.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: I want to ask you, Lauren - you heard Genesis say that she identifies as a Republican. She voted for Marco Rubio in the primary, but she's considering voting for Hillary Clinton. What do you say to her?</s>LAUREN SMITH: I think as a Republican, I don't understand how you could support Hillary Clinton. And I understand many of what Trump has said is, quite frankly, deplorable. And I completely get that. However, if you're a Republican, if you believe in limited government, if you're pro-life, vote for Donald Trump. And again, that's the issues that I fully support and that I want to see happen in America. I want Roe v. Wade to be overturned. So Genesis, what I would say to you is, what issues are holding you back? And why can't you vote for Donald Trump, if I can ask you that...</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Sure.</s>LAUREN SMITH: ...Just head-on?</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Genesis, you want to answer?</s>GENESIS LARIN: Yeah. So I'm actually pro-choice. I do...</s>LAUREN SMITH: OK.</s>GENESIS LARIN: ...Believe that climate change is something that we need to address. That being said, I've never particularly, I guess, been completely on board with bigger government. And that's something that I think is what makes me more conservative, even though I guess I'm more left-leaning.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: You're that coveted independent, Genesis, who everyone wants.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: You're that coveted middle-of-the-road voter.</s>GENESIS LARIN: (Laughter) Yeah. And I feel - the way I approached the selection wasn't blue or red or green, even. It was I wanted to find a candidate that I think was most representative of my view and whose competency in doing this, at being president, I would feel comfortable voting for.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Nick, let me ask you this - are you feeling enthusiastic about your choice? Like, are you - how do you feel about supporting Gary Johnson?</s>NICK TOMCHIK: Yeah. I honestly am very enthusiastic about supporting him. That's the thing that I think makes me different and also maybe the Libertarians or the independents that are, you know, supporting Gary Johnson. They're actually voting for someone because they really like his policies.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: And you don't buy the argument that a vote for Gary Johnson or Jill Stein, on the other side - the Green Party, is a de facto vote for the other party, be it right or left?</s>NICK TOMCHIK: Not at all. I definitely think that that plays into the fear-mongering because from a lot of people I hear, they want to vote for Gary but they're - you know, they tell me that argument. And essentially, if all the people who, you know, actually voted third party - said that they're not going to vote for the third party because of that voted third party, then, you know, Gary Johnson has a huge chance of winning.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Lauren, your candidate, Donald Trump, has had a hard time getting the kind of support from women voters that he needs to put him in good standing when November 8 rolls around. Why do you think that is, especially when you talk to your peers, other young women? I mean, how much of it - of the reluctance has to do with the kind of rhetoric we've heard from him, those recent comments on the "Access Hollywood" tape? Is that coming up in conversations?</s>LAUREN SMITH: You know, a lot of my peers, especially the women, do support Donald Trump. I don't condone sexual assault. I mean, that's utterly ridiculous. But we have to remember that was a long time ago. I mean, 2005 happened almost 11 years ago. So as far as Donald Trump's comment on women go - does it bother me? It does in some ways, but I'm choosing to look at the bigger picture. And I'm choosing to look at America as a whole instead of trying to, you know, just go and tear Trump to shreds over what he said in the past. So the women that I have spoken to, especially the the Women for Trump here in Virginia, of course they support him.</s>ASHANTI MARTINEZ: If I can chime in, Rachel.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Go for it, Ashanti.</s>ASHANTI MARTINEZ: For me - right? - I've talked to a lot of women. I'm around women often. And these Trump allegations about him sexually assaulting women and bragging about it is deplorable. And it's something that is definitely on people's minds, especially around my age group. But this isn't the first instance, right? We look at the comments that he had with former Miss America and former Miss Universe contestants. We look at the comments that he had about contributors on different networks. We look at the comments that he's had of people on his own show, on "The Apprentice," and how he's treated women throughout his career, whether it be in real estate or whether it be on television. So to me, to say that these things don't matter is wrong. This man has so many different things that don't speak to our country as being inclusive and as progressive as we should be. And I think that's why he's not qualified.</s>LAUREN SMITH: Well, I certainly understand that position. But I also have to say I don't want Hillary Clinton as president.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: This is your first time voting in a presidential election. So how you feeling? I mean, what are the conversations that you're having at home or with your friends? Are people animated to get out and vote? Is there a sense of apathy? I'm going to start with Lauren. What are people talking about in your circles?</s>LAUREN SMITH: There's one side, the 50 percent - they're very apathetic. They don't want to get out and vote. You know, I've lost friends because of the way I'm voting. And, in some ways, I understand that.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: You've lost friends, really?</s>LAUREN SMITH: I have, yeah. But I would say that as a 20-year-old, as my first election, I can't believe these are the two candidates I have to choose from. I think - like, I don't know about you all, but this is just unbelievable.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Anyone else want to weigh in on this? What are the conversations...</s>NICK TOMCHIK: I...</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Nick, go ahead.</s>NICK TOMCHIK: Yeah, I agree 100 percent. And I can't wait till it's over. It's been very crazy. I've had some (laughter) - I've had some tough conversations with, you know, friends and family because I've got some family that's, you know, voting Trump because they don't like, you know, the Clinton, you know, scandals and, you know, a lot of her immigration stances, and then also my other friends and family who are voting Clinton because they don't want Trump elected. So I'm kind of in the middle here, you know, preaching the alternative. And it's really tough. And from what I've seen, people are, you know, in my circle, at least, excited to get out and vote.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Ashanti, are you excited? I mean, it's the first time you get to go to your polling station and cast a vote for president.</s>ASHANTI MARTINEZ: Yeah, no, I'm extremely excited. I mean, I've been with her since she announced. And it's one of those things where I'm looking forward to her presidency, right? And I'm looking forward to January and what her next four years is going to look like in the White House.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: I will leave it there. Ashanti Martinez, Genesis Larin, Lauren Smith and Nick Tomchik - they are voting in the presidential election for the first time.</s>RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: Hey, you guys, thanks so much for talking with us.</s>ASHANTI MARTINEZ: Thanks for having us.</s>LAUREN SMITH: Thank you.</s>NICK TOMCHIK: Yeah, absolutely.

Summary: NPR's Rachel Martin speaks with young voters who are going to the polls in a general election for the first time.


Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): I came close to running out of luck, when I almost fell down a well - or was it a cesspool? I'm still not sure.</s>CHIDEYA: Today's weekly Snapshot comes from actor and playwright Jeff Obafemi Carr. He says if you ever happen to stumble and fall, the biggest trip could be who comes to your rescue?</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): I bought a house in the neighborhood I grew up in, near my widowed mother who still resides in my childhood home. I was lucky to buy it at a good price years ago. You see, we live in an inner city, speedily gentrifying community with increasing mignons of hip, progressive, urban pioneering neighbors.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): I just love the new politically correct terms for yuppies who decide that these little black neighborhoods have the cutest little cottages. All they need is for people to move into them that can give them the love, attention and exponentially increasing property values their presence alone can bring.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): These watchful neighbors then patrol the old hood with their cell phones handy. If they see something that just isn't right, they call up the codes department, anonymously of course, and cry foul. So a couple of weeks ago, my mom's hot water heater gave up the ghost and flooded the basement as a memorial. Yours truly drew the task of pulling 40 years of accumulated memories out of the basement to get to the flooding and save the day.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): Well, what do you know? One of the ever-vigilant friendly neighborhood preservationist saw the pile by the basement door and reported my mother's home as the site of a public dump. Welcome to America. Luckily, I'd already ordered a dumpster unbeknownst to the good neighbors, so I sped up its delivery, charged the iPod, put on my favorite work jeans and started attacking memory mountain one little bit at a time.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): Mom was going to help, but I told her I had it covered. I was jamming to the soundtrack of (unintelligible). Happy thoughts was sailing as I stepped into the mini mountain with my right foot. That's when it happened. I hadn't looked where I was stepping. If I had, I would have remembered I was directly over a hole in the ground my dad put a piece of wood over. And that was a good temporary fix, but I should mention that my dad passed away six years ago.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): Well, mix the way the five feet of junk, seven or eight years of rot, a fresh rain and a primary weight of a 6'2, 190-pound brother man on a size 13 boot, and what do you have - every bit of that mix headed two directions at blinding speed, forward and down.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): Instinct may be reached to both sides. And with a mix of luck and skill, I was able to catch myself just as I felt cold water rising up almost to my knee. There was no bottom.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): I said, whoa, out loud, then I had another thought. Wait a minute, is this a well or a sewer? Oh, crap - an unintentional pun. I pulled myself up as one of the tenants was singing some Italian aria in my ears.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): My foot and leg were covered with something wet and black. I immediately ran and grabbed the garden hose, sprayed off my boot and pants' leg, and thank god, my mom wasn't helping me out because it could have been her.</s>Mr. JEFF OBAFEMI CARR (Actor, Playwright): As I stripped and prepped the washer for my clothes, I thought to myself that if I would have fallen in, all I could have done was scream for one of my neighbors to come and rescue me. I wonder if they would have come. And if they did, would they have said, hmm, promise you'll repaint in earth tones, preserve the subway tile in your bathroom and restore the original glass doorknobs in your hallway, and we'll pull you right out of there, neighbor. I guess I'm thankful I wasn't in that position this time because I would have been SOL -surely out of luck.</s>CHIDEYA: Jeff Obafemi Carr is an actor, playwright and co-host of the radio show "Freestyle." He lives in Nashville, Tennessee.

Summary: In this week's snapshot, actor and playwright Jeff Obafemi Carr stumbles across some old and new pitfalls in the Nashville neighborhood where he grew up.


FARAI CHIDEYA, host: This is NEWS & NOTES. I'm Farai Chideya.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: In the nation's capital, a killer is on the loose. It's been operating in America for decades now. We're talking about AIDS. Tomorrow is World AIDS Day. Today, we'll discuss staggering new information on how prevalent AIDS is in Washington D.C., particularly among African-Americans. Overall, the rate of AIDS cases in Washington D.C. is about 10 times higher than in the United States. Dr. Shannon Hader is the director of the D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration. Welcome.</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Thank you.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: So, these are really some chocking numbers. Sixty percent of the city's residents are African-American, but 81 percent of new HIV cases in the city are among African-Americans. How many people are we really talking about?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, you know, we have about 12,500 people in the district right now living with HIV and AIDS, but about 80 percent of those are mainly African-American communities. So, we're talking a high number of people, not just a hundred or two hundred, but thousands.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: What about the trend lines? Are you seeing these number of new infections increase?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, you know, certainly over the United States, the trend over the last decade has been increasing racial disparities and the HIV epidemic with more African-Americans affected. Here in the district, we have really good data for the last 2001 through 2006, and what we see is that we're not gaining much ground at this point in terms of reducing infections, although we seem to be holding a little bit even. And - but I think particularly among the women, the rates among women have been increasing over the last five or six years.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: What percentage of women in the D.C. area are African-American who were infected?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Mm-hmm. Among all the women that we know are infected with HIV in the district, about 90 percent of them are African-American.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: With these numbers, with the racial disparities, what is being done? What are the approaches that you and other government, public health officials, nonprofits are taking to really start addressing this?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, I think what we're doing and what we need to continue to do is an attack on all fronts. First step is, information is power. These data, these hard facts give us a good picture for everyone at the individual level, at the community level, at the government level, at the policy level, to really wake up if they haven't and see the nature of the epidemic we're dealing with. Second, it's about services and it's about taking action, both to protect yourself and protect others. We are ramping what was already sort of a groundbreaking HIV policy in the district, which is this know your status, HIV tests should be just the same as knowing about your other routine health indicators.</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): So, our goal is, by 2009, when you go to an emergency department, they should routinely offer you an HIV test. When you show up at your primary care doctor's office, you should get, just like you get the rest of the tests for your annual physical - you get your BMI for obesity, you get a blood pressure for hypertension, you get your blood sugar for diabetes - you should be getting your HIV status as well, without having to sort of beg for it or ask specifically. This has to be part and parcel about how we all approach our general health going forward.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: There have been celebrity campaigns that say things like, it's good know, know your status, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, but people are afraid. All of us have fears and some people may not want to know. What's the sense that you get of that?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, I think that that issue of stigma, fear, and silence is huge. And absolutely, that impacts people searching their test results, but it also impacts people taking preventive measures and taking care of measures to keep their health strong. I've been incredibly motivated by Mayor Fenty's leadership in saying, I'm making HIV/AIDS our number one health priority here in the district. And, in large part, a lot of that has to do with saying, come on, let's come together, let's break the stigma, break the fear, break the silence.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: Who's really responsible for this - responsible may be the wrong word, but, I mean, Washington D.C. is a very interesting case of the overlap of the federal government and the local government. So, what responsibilities does it seem as if each has in dealing with this issue?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, you know what, we're all responsible and we have to use all the resources that are out there, whether they're district or federal, to get to the next level of our HIV response. Certainly, one of the specific relationship issues that's come out in D.C. has been this issue of Congress limiting our ability to spend our own district tax money on our own district programs and specifically, I'm talking about needle exchange programs.</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Certainly, Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton has been working as well as Mayor Fenty has been working to convince Congress to remove that restriction on our funds, and I'm confident that that's going to happen this year. So, that's something that's specific to the district that other jurisdictions don't have to deal with.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: How much of needle exchange programs become more popular? They were extremely controversial when they were first proposed and first implemented.</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Mm-hmm.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: Is this now a fairly accepted form of a public health intervention?</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, I think when it comes to comprehensive substance abuse, HIV prevention, we want a full toolkit available. Needle exchange is just one element in that full toolkit, and a lot of the wraparound services - including having on-demand treatment access for drug cessation, including having medical care available, including mental health services available, including having prevention information going out, those are all part of the toolkit. So, we don't want just one tool of the toolkit or just another tool in the toolkit, we want the whole thing at our disposal to really have a comprehensive program.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: Well, Dr. Hader. Thanks for the information.</s>Dr. SHANNON HADER (Director, D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration): Well, thank you for helping share that information. I think this really important and I hope a lot of your audience doesn't just listen, but takes the topic home, starts breaking that silence and stigma, and have some dinner-table conversations.</s>FARAI CHIDEYA, host: Well, thanks again. Dr. Shannon Hader, she's the director D.C. HIV/AIDS Administration.

Summary: A new study says one in 50 people in the nation's capital have AIDS, and blacks comprise more than 80 percent of new cases in the city. Farai Chideya talks to Dr. Shannon Hader, who directs Washington, D.C.'s HIV/AIDS Administration.


MADELEINE BRAND, host: Here with us now, senior producer Steve Proffitt, to help share some of listener email.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: Madeleine, last week in our series "What's the New What?" a young woman, Alyssa Wagner, proposed that psychics are the new psychologists. She said her therapist was making her feel kind of crazy, but her psychic made her feel good. That didn't make a lot of our listeners feel good. A lot of them wrote in.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: That's right. And many were outraged that we would allow someone to compare trained and licensed psychologists to unregulated psychics.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: Others noted there are many types of therapists, and if one isn't right for you, just find another.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: He's a comment from Robert Freeman(ph) of Ellensburg, Washington. "Psychology is hard work. It's easier to have someone tell you what you want to hear."</s>STEVE PROFFITT: OK. Now to the number one topic in our inbox. Madeleine, your interview yesterday with Atlanta attorney and author Barbara LeBey.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: I don't think we've received this much mail ever. Anyway, Barbara LeBey told us she was a lifelong Democrat and Hillary Clinton supporter who is now leaning toward voting for John McCain.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: And she was critical of Barack Obama, calling him, among other things, a blank slate.</s>Ms. BARBARA LEBEY: I don't want our country led by another inexperienced upstart.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: Scores, scores, scores of our listeners wrote to question whether Ms. LeBey was actually ever a Democrat, and some of you wondered if she was, in fact, a Republican operative.</s>Ms. SUSAN STURGILL: I'm Susan Sturgill (ph) from Columbus, Ohio. I really hope I'm only being paranoid, but it sounded to me like you were set up with an anti-Democratic campaign commercial.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: Ms. LeBey is not a Republican plant. She is actually an aunt of one of our reporters, Laura Sydell.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: And although we got a couple of letters agreeing with her views, we got a lot more comments taking issue with her statements. Here's one from listener Randy Hall.</s>Mr. RANDY HALL: She cited John McCain's quote unquote "record of reaching across the aisle," but must have been unaware that John McCain voted with Bush 95 percent of the time in 2007, and 100 percent of the time so far in 2008. One would think a lifelong Democrat would take a few minutes to research something as important as one's vote for president. Randy Hall, Marblehead, Massachusetts.</s>PROFITT: Thanks to everyone who wrote in about that interview. And thanks to all of you who've written in with your tales of secret gloating in bad times.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: That's right. We asked you yesterday to share those moments when in spite of high gas prices, high food prices and dropping ome values, you've had a reason to gloat.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: We've gotten lots of great emails from Prius drivers, from bicyclists and this three-word summation from listener Mike Moore(ph).</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: Fixed-rate mortgage.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: OK, that was great, but we're looking for more. Did you buy a bunch of oil company stock last year, maybe?</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: Maybe you sold your home just before the market took a dive?</s>STEVE PROFFITT: Or are you so rich you'll never give up your enormous SUV, even if gas goes to 10 bucks a gallon?</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: Write us with your gloats in 100 words or less.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: Just go to our Website, npr.org, and click on the contact us link.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: Put "gloat" in the subject line. And Steve Proffitt? You'll be back to share us your gloats real soon. Steve, do you have a gloat for us today?</s>STEVE PROFFITT: I don't have any gloats. I'm not a gloater, OK? I'm just not a gloater. Madeleine, thank you very much.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: I don't believe you.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: Got to go now.</s>MADELEINE BRAND, host: OK, bye.</s>STEVE PROFFITT: Very busy.

Summary: We received a record number of letters about our interview with a Clinton supporter who now plans to vote for McCain. She can't be for real, many said. Also, listeners wrote in with their gas-related gloats.


MADELEINE BRAND, host: This is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: And I'm Alex Cohen.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: Tomatoes grown in at least 20 states have been given a clean bill of health. That's to say they are not associated with the Salmonella outbreak, which has made more than 150 people sick. But even though tomatoes from top-producing states like California and Florida are considered safe, many consumers are feeling a bit squeamish about buying any. Tom Deardorff is a fourth-generation tomato farmer in Oxnard, California, and he's on the line with us now.  Welcome to the program and tell us, how big of a year is this for you - for your crops?</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Well, we are setting up to have a very positive year based on what's happened over the last couple of years. Starting production in about two weeks and hoping for the best.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: Hoping for the best, but expecting what? How is the Salmonella outbreak going to affect you, do you think?</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Well, it's obviously substantially changed the marketplace in a very short period of time. What looked like was going to be a very positive season could end up being a disaster if certain buyers in both retail and food-service industry continue to not offer them on their menu items.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: And I have to say, you know, tomatoes don't necessarily have a great track record. There have been more than a dozen outbreaks of contamination with tomatoes since 1990. So how do you, as a farmer, go about convincing people it's OK to eat this stuff?</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Well, they actually have a very good track record in California and from a food-safety standpoint, we are the leading producers of the safest, best supply of tomatoes. So, it's a matter of educating the consuming public about where their tomatoes are coming from and about the measures that have been implemented in the last 10 to 15 years to help increase the food-safety elements of our products.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: Even though tomatoes here in California are considered safe, I'm wondering if you've taken any additional safety precautions with your crops.</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Yeah. Food safety is obviously an evolving thing, and we continue to implement new measures every year. This year, for example, we've substantially altered a lot of our packing shed in pursuit of better food- safety measures and more wash stations and more critical control-point analysis of the product as it moves through our packing shed.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: You know, I hear you talking about this, and I trust what you're saying is right. But I've got to say, you are not with me at the store when I look at the tomatoes, and I have to say, I've looked at them in the past couple of days and thought, I don't know. It feels just a little bit weird. So how do you go about convincing people when you can't be there for every, you know, individual potential buyer?</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): And consumer confidence is a very finicky thing and we've seen with prior problems with food-safety issues, it's usually an initial huge reaction, and then it takes six to nine to sometimes 12 months to regain that consumer confidence. We are hoping that this time, because the domestic food supply has been cleared and has been recognized as not being a part of any of these warnings, that hopefully that recovery time is much quicker. We're going to need a lot of help from the government to help us get that message out. We are going to need a lot of help from our industry marketing associations. And then as individual companies, we need to get out there and educate the public about all the food-safety measures that we do here in our domestic food supply to ensure the safety of our products.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: Worse-case scenario, how much might you lose?</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Well, worst case is a really bad picture. California is the leading producer of tomatoes and if we have to start disking under fields, the ramifications are going to be into the hundreds of millions, if not billions of dollars. So, it could be a very huge scenario if we can't regain consumer confidence here real quickly.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: California tomatoes have been cleared, but when you see them in the store, you don't necessarily know that they are from California and therefore, OK. So how do you get that message out?</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Well, interestingly, as of the end of September 2008, as a result of the current farm bill, we will have mandatory country-of-origin labeling at the retail level. So, retailers will be signing fresh fruits and vegetables here real soon so that the consuming public does know where their fresh fruit and vegetables are coming from.</s>ALEX COHEN, host: Tom Deardorff of Deardorff Family Farms in Oxnard, California. Thank you and good luck.</s>Mr. TOM DEARDORFF (Deardorff Family Farms, Oxnard California): Thank you very much.

Summary: A recent outbreak in salmonella linked to raw tomatoes has farmers across the country worried. Tom Deardorff, a fourth generation farmer in Oxnard, Calif., is scared that decreased demand will leave his tomatoes to rot in the field.


MADELEINE BRAND, host: Southern Baptists have been a key voting bloc in recent presidential elections, so who are they going for this year? The Southern Baptist Convention wraps up its annual meeting today in Indianapolis. NPR's Celeste Headlee was there.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: The consensus among voters at the Southern Baptist Convention is that there is no consensus.</s>Mr. TOM PATTERSON (Southern Baptist): It just don't seem like there's a candidate that anybody's excited about.</s>Ms. SARAH BURKE (Southern Baptist): I can't see that Southern Baptists are going to come out very strongly for one individual.</s>Mr. MARCUS READING (Southern Baptist): I get an odd sense with the SBC, it's almost like a quietness that I've not heard the excitement about the election on either side.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: Tom Patterson(ph), Sarah Burke(ph) and Marcus Reading(ph) are all chatting in the crowded hallways of the Indiana Convention Center. Loren Hutchinson(ph) of Kansas City doesn't think the Southern Baptist Convention will be as involved in presidential politics this year as it has been in the past.</s>Mr. LOREN HUTCHINSON: I hope not. I think it's to our detriment. I think it's sidetracked us from our purpose on Earth. I think it's watered down the message of the Gospel.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: Why are the Southern Baptists so unenthused about the presidential race? Well, some, like Mike Butler (ph), just haven't made up their minds.</s>Mr. MIKE BUTLER: It's very much a up-in-the-air thing right now, between Obama and McCain, for me.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: Yes, you heard right. A longtime member of the Southern Baptist Convention is struggling to choose between Barack Obama and John McCain in the presidential race - not exactly what you might expect from this conservative religious group. And Butler is not the only one.</s>Ms. BEV OLONNO: Obama has an understanding of some things that we have totally missed. He is in touch with the whole racial issues that we can't just - like say, OK, that's going to happen by itself.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: Bev Olonno(ph) says there are things she likes about both candidates. That's probably the last thing the McCain campaign wants to hear. McCain recently appointed a national coordinator for evangelical and social conservative outreach. The Arizona senator also often points to his strong anti-abortion voting record. But Doug Munton(ph) doesn't think Baptists are one-issue voters.</s>DOUG MUNTON: A lot of Southern Baptists are very glad to see a pro-life candidate, but there's a lot of issues involved in choosing a president, and that's just one of them.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: SBC members were passionate supporters of George Bush in 2000, and they're credited with helping him earn his second term. But Lee Pig (ph) says McCain just doesn't inspire the same enthusiasm.</s>Mr. LEE PIG: I guess he's just not as charismatic, maybe, as Obama. Even though I'm not going to vote for Obama, but I don't feel a connection to McCain like I did Bush.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: That lack of a connection may be caused by doubt over McCain's religious credentials. Tom Patterson is from Rockville, South Carolina.</s>Mr. TOM PATTERSON (Southern Baptist): Well he says he's Baptist, but I don't know which church he's a member of.</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: McCain has had a rocky relationship with evangelicals. In 2000, he denounced Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell as quote, "agents of intolerance." The senator actively sought endorsements from influential pastors John Hagee and Rod Parsley. But last month, McCain renounced those endorsements after some controversial statements came to light. Bev Ollono says Southern Baptists are not automatically going to support the Republican nominee come November.</s>Ms. BEV OLONNO: God is not Democrat or Republican. To me, it's like humbling ourselves before God and Lord, who do you want?</s>CELESTE HEADLEE: It's probably safe to say McCain has yet to win over the millions of Southern Baptists voters that helped George Bush get to the White House and stay there. Celeste Headlee, NPR News, Indianapolis.</s>COHEN: Your angry, angry letters, when Day to Day continues.

Summary: The Southern Baptist Convention has been meeting this week in Indianapolis. The group is grappling with declining membership and the feeling that they don't have a candidate in this year's presidential race.


Notable people with the surname include:

Larry van Wieren (born 1951), Dutch ice hockey player
Pete Van Wieren (1944-2014), American sportscaster

Category:Surnames of Dutch origin