load_dataset using default cache on Windows causes PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied
## Describe the bug
Standard process to download and load the wiki_bio dataset causes PermissionError in Windows 10 and 11.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset('wiki_bio')
```

## Expected results
It is expected that the dataset downloads without any errors.

## Actual results
PermissionError see trace below:
```
Using custom data configuration default
Downloading and preparing dataset wiki_bio/default (download: 318.53 MiB, generated: 736.94 MiB, post-processed: Unknown size, total: 1.03 GiB) to C:\Users\username\.cache\huggingface\datasets\wiki_bio\default\1.1.0\5293ce565954ba965dada626f1e79684e98172d950371d266bf3caaf87e911c9...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\username\.conda\envs\hf\lib\site-packages\datasets\load.py", line 1112, in load_dataset
    builder_instance.download_and_prepare(
  File "C:\Users\username\.conda\envs\hf\lib\site-packages\datasets\builder.py", line 644, in download_and_prepare
    self._save_info()
  File "C:\Users\username\.conda\envs\hf\lib\contextlib.py", line 120, in __exit__
    next(self.gen)
  File "C:\Users\username\.conda\envs\hf\lib\site-packages\datasets\builder.py", line 598, in incomplete_dir
    os.rename(tmp_dir, dirname)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied: 'C:\\Users\\username\\.cache\\huggingface\\datasets\\wiki_bio\\default\\1.1.0\\5293ce565954ba965dada626f1e79684e98172d950371d266bf3caaf87e911c9.incomplete' -> 'C:\\Users\\username\\.cache\\huggingface\\datasets\\wiki_bio\\default\\1.1.0\\5293ce565954ba965dada626f1e79684e98172d950371d266bf3caaf87e911c9'
```
By commenting out the os.rename() [L604](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/src/datasets/builder.py#L604) and the shutil.rmtree() [L607](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/src/datasets/builder.py#L607) lines, in my virtual environment, I was able to get the load process to complete, rename the directory manually and then rerun the `load_dataset('wiki_bio')` to get what I needed.

It seems that os.rename() in the `incomplete_dir` content manager is the culprit. Here's another project [Conan](https://github.com/conan-io/conan/issues/6560) with similar issue with os.rename() if it helps debug this issue.

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 1.12.1
- Platform: Windows-10-10.0.22449-SP0
- Python version: 3.8.12
- PyArrow version: 5.0.0

Hi @daqieq, thanks for reporting.

Unfortunately, I was not able to reproduce this bug:
```ipython
In [1]: from datasets import load_dataset
   ...: ds = load_dataset('wiki_bio')
Downloading: 7.58kB [00:00, 26.3kB/s]
Downloading: 2.71kB [00:00, ?B/s]
Using custom data configuration default
Downloading and preparing dataset wiki_bio/default (download: 318.53 MiB, generated: 736.94 MiB, post-processed: Unknown size, total: 1.03 GiB) to C:\Users\username\.cache\huggingface\datasets\wiki_bio\default\
1.1.0\5293ce565954ba965dada626f1e79684e98172d950371d266bf3caaf87e911c9...
Downloading: 334MB [01:17, 4.32MB/s]
Dataset wiki_bio downloaded and prepared to C:\Users\username\.cache\huggingface\datasets\wiki_bio\default\1.1.0\5293ce565954ba965dada626f1e79684e98172d950371d266bf3caaf87e911c9. Subsequent calls will reuse thi
s data.
```

This kind of error messages usually happen because:
- Your running Python script hasn't write access to that directory
- You have another program (the File Explorer?) already browsing inside that directory


Context: It is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.[citation needed] Since electrons are fermions, they cannot occupy the same quantum mechanical state as other electrons. When the electrons in a material are densely packed together, there are not enough lower energy quantum mechanical states for them all, so some of them must be in higher energy states. This means that it takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force, it is technically only the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states.

Question: How rare is the misconception that solid matter is rigid because of like charges?


Context: Breathing pure O2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits, or in early spacecraft such as Apollo, causes no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O2 partial pressure in the breathing gas is, in general, about 30 kPa (1.4 times normal), and the resulting O2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood is only marginally more than normal sea-level O2 partial pressure (for more information on this, see space suit and arterial blood gas).

Question: Aside from spacecrafts, where else is it safe to breathe in O2 if you are an astronaut?


Context: Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D mission to the next mission in March 1969, and eliminating the E mission. This would keep the program on track. The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5, and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts. The decision was not announced publicly until successful completion of Apollo 7. Gemini veterans Frank Borman and James Lovell, and rookie William Anders captured the world's attention by making 10 lunar orbits in 20 hours, transmitting television pictures of the lunar surface on Christmas Eve, and returning safely to Earth.

Question: Which of the following is not an astronaut: McDivitt, Low, or Schweickart?


Context: Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy. Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is, according to many indicators, the largest market in the region, with 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009. From 1991 until 2000, the stock exchange was, ironically, located in the building previously used as the headquarters of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).

Question: What was reappropriated for use?


what's happening when i realise i'm asleep during a dream?

Answer: What you're experiencing is something a lot of people try to do but can't. It's called a lucid dream. Once you realize you're in a dream, you usually have control over whatever happens. There are different levels of a lucid dream depending on how deep asleep  you are. No one is quite sure as to how we reach this type of dreaming, but a lot of people think they need to be completely relaxed and have some sort of meditation just before they fall asleep. Many people experience them without even trying. Nothing will happen to you so don't be scared if it happens. However, in my experience, it may be more difficult to wake up from the dream, especially if it turns into a nightmare. Enjoy the dream but be prepared for anything.


where do all the $300+ million contracts and general wealth come from in baseball?

Answer:
Teams make money from TV deals, selling merch, some game day tickets, and sometimes money from the local government.

Teams such as the Red Sox and Yankees are huge money makers because they're huge world wide brands.


what are the benefits of sleeping with a pillow compared to just being completely flat on your bed.

Answer:
Spine alignment and prevention of loss of circulation on your arms.

Many people sleep on their sides so you can imagine how having your neck fall sideways to your spine can start to cause problems.

Answer: Without a pillow your head will in most positions be slightly lower than your spine. Which leads to tension in your neck muscles which can feel uncomfortable. It can lead to a stiff neck and backpain.


how can a metal conducting electricity not conduct heat?

Isn't heat a form of dissipation of electricity, and not having heat means having perfect efficiency?

Answer:
OP if you read the thread on the announcement that was posted on Reddit there's a great explanation for this from /u/lagerbaer

_URL_0_


why can certain foods (like meat and dairy products) be cooked at high temperatures with no adverse affects, but spoil when left out at room temperature?

Answer: Because spoilage is caused by the growth of microorganisms in the food. Cooking the food at high temperatures kills microorganisms and makes it easier for us to digest. Leaving them out at room temperature provides microorganisms with a yummy meal at the temperature they like to grow at.


why do we say "turn up the volume" instead of "increase amplitude"? and why when turning up the volume in audio players doesn't seem to do so linearly?

Answer:
 > Why do we say "turn up the volume" instead of "increase amplitude"?

Because, until very recently, all audio equipment increased volume by physically turning a knob.  It's the same reason that you "roll down" the window in a car.

 > And why when turning up the volume in audio players doesn't seem to do so linearly?

Human hearing perceives logarithmic increases in volume as sounding "linear".  If the volume is *actually* linear, it won't sound like it to our ears.


i know there are a lot of tech savvy people on reddit. i listen to people bitch about obamacare all day long, so i am not interested in the politics. there are plenty of of other websites for that. my question is "why isn't the _url_0_ website working like it supposed to?"

Answer: Bad design bad programing bad hardware


Answer: E3 2017

Context: Beyond Good and Evil 2 Beyond Good and Evil 2 is an upcoming action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montpellier and published by Ubisoft. It is a prequel to "Beyond Good & Evil" released in 2003. Its development was characterized in the media by uncertainty, doubt and rumors about the game's future, until it was officially announced at Ubisoft's E3 2017 conference, although no release window or target platform has been revealed. "Beyond Good and Evil 2" is an action-adventure game set in an open world environment and played from a third-person perspective which takes place at least one generation </s> 4th Survivor" and "The To-fu Survivor". In both of these minigames, the player must reach the goal while fighting every enemy along the way with only the default item loadout. All later versions (except the Nintendo 64 version) add a third minigame, "Extreme Battle", which consists of four playable characters and three stages. On September 29, 1998, two months after the events of the first "Resident Evil", most citizens of the Midwestern American mountain community Raccoon City have been transformed into zombies by the T-virus, a biological weapon secretly developed by the pharmaceutical company Umbrella. Leon S. Kennedy, a police </s> The first of the two newly announced DLC titled "Call of the Tenebrae" was released on June 15, 2017 and it "focuses on the Hero's return to Antaloor, where he witnesses the shocking murder of DarPha. The killers are a never-before-seen tribe of hideous, rat-like creatures known only as 'The Chosen.' who control a mysterious, powerful new magic. Their genocidal plot threatens every living creature in Antaloor, and it's up to the Hero to find a way to stop them." Thanks to the new engine, players can "expect to experience Antaloor like never before with the new engine update for

Question: when was beyond good and evil 2 announced


Answer: calorie

Context: However "energy density" is a misleading term for it once again assumes that energy is IN the particular food, whereas it simply means that "high density" food needs more oxygen during respiration, leading to greater transfer of energy. Note that the following standardized table of energy densities is an approximation and the value in kJ/g does not convert exactly to kcal/g using a conversion factor. The use of such a simple system has been criticized for not taking into consideration other factors pertaining to the influence of different foods on obesity. All the other nutrients in food are noncaloric and </s> world, natural gas is sold in gigajoules. The calorie equals the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 degrees Celsius, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J. Food energy is measured in large calories or kilocalories, often simply written capitalized as "Calories" (= 10 calories). In physics and chemistry, it is still common to measure energy on the atomic </s> additional kilojoules figure is optional and is rarely used. In Australia and New Zealand, the food energy must be stated in kilojoules (and optionally in kilocalories as well), and other nutritional energy information is similarly conveyed in kilojoules. The energy available from the respiration of food is usually given on labels for 100 g, for a typical serving size (according to the manufacturer), and/or for the entire pack contents. The amount of food energy associated with a particular food could be measured by completely burning the dried food in a bomb calorimeter, a method known as direct calorimetry. However, the

Question: the unit of energy used to quantify the amount of energy in food is


Answer: Snowball II

Context: the series, Homer's everyday clothing consists of a white shirt with short sleeves and open collar, blue pants, and gray shoes. He is overweight and bald, except for a fringe of hair around the back and sides of his head and two curling hairs on top, and his face always sports a growth of beard stubble that instantly regrows whenever he shaves. The entire Simpson family was designed so that they would be recognizable in silhouette. The family was crudely drawn because Groening had submitted basic sketches to the animators, assuming they would clean them up; instead, they just traced </s> Marge's older twin sisters. They are apparently in their mid-to-late 40s, since Selma has gone through menopause and they were shown as teenagers in flashbacks while Marge was still a small child. They work at the Springfield Department of Motor Vehicles, and possess a strong dislike for their brother-in-law, Homer. Selma is the elder by two minutes, possesses a strong desire for family, and has been married and divorced six times, and also sought to have a child on numerous occasions despite her age. Her sister, Patty, is one of the show's few openly gay (or bisexual, as she once </s> series, which debuted on Fox in the U.S. on December 17, 1989. Alongside the five main family members, there are a number of other major and minor characters in their family. The most commonly recurring characters are Homer's father Abraham "Grampa" Simpson; Marge's sisters Patty and Selma Bouvier; and the family's two pets, Santa's Little Helper and Snowball II. Other family members include Homer's mother Mona Simpson, Homer's half-brother Herbert Powell, Marge's mother Jacqueline Bouvier, and other minor relatives. Groening conceived of the idea for the Simpsons in the lobby of James L. Brooks's office. Brooks had asked Groening to

Question: what is the name of the simpson 's cat


Answer: chemical reaction

Context: solvent cannot enter active site. In the end, the active site may manipulate the Molecular orbital of the substrate into a suitable orientation to reduce activation energy. The electrostatic states of substrate and active site must be complementary to each other. A polarized negatively charged amino acid side chain will repel uncharged substrate. But if the transition state involves the formation of a ion centre then the side chain will now produce a favourable interaction. Many enzymes including serine protease, cysteine protease, protein kinase and phosphatase evolved to form transient covalent bonds between them and their substrates to lower the </s> DIFP, so the serine side chain is no longer available to the substrate. Identification of active sites is crucial in the process of drug discovery. The 3-D structure of the enzyme is analysed to identify active site residues and design drugs which can fit into them. Proteolytic enzymes are targets for some drugs, such as protease inhibitors, which include drugs against AIDS and hypertension. These protease inhibitors bind to an enzyme's active site and block interaction with natural substrates. An important factor in drug design is the strength of binding between the active site and an enzyme inhibitor. If the </s> incur catalysis by binding more strongly to transition states than substrates and products. At the catalytic binding site, a number of different interactions may act upon the substrate. These range from electric catalysis, acid and base catalysis, covalent catalysis, and metal ion catalysis. These interactions decrease the activation energy of a chemical reaction by providing favorable interactions to stabilize the high energy molecule. Enzyme binding allows for closer proximity and exclusion of substances irrelevant to the reaction. Side reactions are also discouraged by this specific binding. Types of enzymes that can perform these actions include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases,

Question: what is the role of the active site in enzyme catalysed reactions


Answer: 25

Context: with the Australian Classification of Health Interventions (ACHI), Australian Coding Standards (ACS). Clinical coding is a specialised skill requiring excellent knowledge of medical terminology and disease processes, attention to detail, and analytical skills. A clinical coder is responsible for abstracting relevant information from the medical record and deciding which diagnoses and procedures meet criteria for coding as per Australian and State Coding Standards. The coder then assigns codes for these diagnoses and procedures based on ICD-10-AM conventions and standards. The assigned codes and other patient data are processed by grouper software to determine a diagnosis-related group (DRG) for the episode </s> Major Diagnostic Category The Major Diagnostic Categories (MDC) are formed by dividing all possible principal diagnoses (from ICD-9-CM) into 25 mutually exclusive diagnosis areas. MDC codes, like diagnosis-related group (DRG) codes, are primarily a claims and administrative data element unique to the United States medical care reimbursement system. DRG codes also are mapped, or grouped, into MDC codes. The diagnoses in each MDC correspond to a single organ system or cause and, in general, are associated with a particular medical specialty. MDC 1 to MDC 23 are grouped according to principal diagnoses. Patients are assigned to MDC 24 (Multiple Significant </s> its reliability beyond the previous version. There are important methodological problems that limit the generalisability of most reliability studies. Each reliability study is constrained by the training and supervision of the interviewers, their motivation and commitment to diagnostic accuracy, their prior skill, the homogeneity of the clinical setting in regard to patient mix and base rates, and the methodological rigor achieved by the investigator ... In 1987, the DSM-III-R was published as a revision of the DSM-III, under the direction of Spitzer. Categories were renamed and reorganized, and significant changes in criteria were made. Six categories were deleted while others

Question: how many major diagnostic categories are there in the ms-drg system


'use strict';

var clear          = require('es5-ext/array/#/clear')
  , eIndexOf       = require('es5-ext/array/#/e-index-of')
  , setPrototypeOf = require('es5-ext/object/set-prototype-of')
  , callable       = require('es5-ext/object/valid-callable')
  , d              = require('d')
  , ee             = require('event-emitter')
  , Symbol         = require('es6-symbol')
  , iterator       = require('es6-iterator/valid-iterable')
  , forOf          = require('es6-iterator/for-of')
  , Iterator       = require('./lib/iterator')
  , isNative       = require('./is-native-implemented')

  , call = Function.prototype.call, defineProperty = Object.defineProperty
  , SetPoly, getValues;

module.exports = SetPoly = function (/*iterable*/) {
	var iterable = arguments[0];
	if (!(this instanceof SetPoly)) return new SetPoly(iterable);
	if (this.__setData__ !== undefined) {
		throw new TypeError(this + " cannot be reinitialized");
	}
	if (iterable != null) iterator(iterable);
	defineProperty(this, '__setData__', d('c', []));
	if (!iterable) return;
	forOf(iterable, function (value) {
		if (eIndexOf.call(this, value) !== -1) return;
		this.push(value);
	}, this.__setData__);
};

if (isNative) {
	if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(SetPoly, Set);
	SetPoly.prototype = Object.create(Set.prototype, {
		constructor: d(SetPoly)
	});
}

ee(Object.defineProperties(SetPoly.prototype, {
	add: d(function (value) {
		if (this.has(value)) return this;
		this.emit('_add', this.__setData__.push(value) - 1, value);
		return this;
	}),
	clear: d(function () {
		if (!this.__setData__.length) return;
		clear.call(this.__setData__);
		this.emit('_clear');
	}),
	delete: d(function (value) {
		var index = eIndexOf.call(this.__setData__, value);
		if (index === -1) return false;
		this.__setData__.splice(index, 1);
		this.emit('_delete', index, value);
		return true;
	}),
	entries: d(function () { return new Iterator(this, 'key+value'); }),
	forEach: d(function (cb/*, thisArg*/) {
		var thisArg = arguments[1], iterator, result, value;
		callable(cb);
		iterator = this.values();
		result = iterator._next();
		while (result !== undefined) {
			value = iterator._resolve(result);
			call.call(cb, thisArg, value, value, this);
			result = iterator._next();
		}
	}),
	has: d(function (value) {
		return (eIndexOf.call(this.__setData__, value) !== -1);
	}),
	keys: d(getValues = function () { return this.values(); }),
	size: d.gs(function () { return this.__setData__.length; }),
	values: d(function () { return new Iterator(this); }),
	toString: d(function () { return '[object Set]'; })
}));
defineProperty(SetPoly.prototype, Symbol.iterator, d(getValues));
defineProperty(SetPoly.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, d('c', 'Set'));


'use strict';

const TYPE = Symbol.for('type');

class Data {

  constructor(options) {
    // File details
    this.filepath = options.filepath;

    // Type
    this[TYPE] = 'data';

    // Data
    Object.assign(this, options.data);
  }
}

module.exports = Data;


package sodium

// #cgo pkg-config: libsodium
// #include <stdlib.h>
// #include <sodium.h>
import "C"

func RuntimeHasNeon() bool {
	return C.sodium_runtime_has_neon() != 0
}

func RuntimeHasSse2() bool {
	return C.sodium_runtime_has_sse2() != 0
}

func RuntimeHasSse3() bool {
	return C.sodium_runtime_has_sse3() != 0
}


function collectWithWildcard(test) {
	test.expect(4);

	var api_server = new Test_ApiServer(function handler(request, callback) {
		var url = request.url;

		switch (url) {
			case '/accounts?username=chariz*':
				let account = new Model_Account({
					username: 'charizard'
				});

				return void callback(null, [
					account.redact()
				]);

			default:
				let error = new Error('Invalid url: ' + url);

				return void callback(error);
		}
	});

	var parameters = {
		username: 'chariz*'
	};

	function handler(error, results) {
		test.equals(error, null);
		test.equals(results.length, 1);

		var account = results[0];

		test.equals(account.get('username'), 'charizard');
		test.equals(account.get('type'), Enum_AccountTypes.MEMBER);

		api_server.destroy();

		test.done();
	}

	Resource_Accounts.collect(parameters, handler);
}

module.exports = {
	collectWithWildcard
};


<?php

interface Container {
    /**
     * Checks if a $x exists.
     *
     * @param unknown $x
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    function contains($x);
}


angular.module('appTesting').service("LoginLocalStorage", function () {
    "use strict";

    var STORE_NAME = "login";

    var setUser = function setUser(user) {
        localStorage.setItem(STORE_NAME, JSON.stringify(user));
    }

    var getUser = function getUser() {
        var storedTasks = localStorage.getItem(STORE_NAME);
        if (storedTasks) {
            return JSON.parse(storedTasks);
        }
        return {};
    }

    return {
        setUser: setUser,
        getUser: getUser
    }
});


/* eslint-disable no-console */
const buildData = require('./build_data');
const buildSrc = require('./build_src');
const buildCSS = require('./build_css');

let _currBuild = null;

// if called directly, do the thing.
buildAll();

function buildAll() {
  if (_currBuild) return _currBuild;

  return _currBuild =
    Promise.resolve()
    .then(() => buildCSS())
    .then(() => buildData())
    .then(() => buildSrc())
    .then(() => _currBuild = null)
    .catch((err) => {
      console.error(err);
      _currBuild = null;
      process.exit(1);
    });
}

module.exports = buildAll;


function LetterProps(o, sw, sc, fc, m, p) {
  this.o = o;
  this.sw = sw;
  this.sc = sc;
  this.fc = fc;
  this.m = m;
  this.p = p;
  this._mdf = {
    o: true,
    sw: !!sw,
    sc: !!sc,
    fc: !!fc,
    m: true,
    p: true,
  };
}

LetterProps.prototype.update = function (o, sw, sc, fc, m, p) {
  this._mdf.o = false;
  this._mdf.sw = false;
  this._mdf.sc = false;
  this._mdf.fc = false;
  this._mdf.m = false;
  this._mdf.p = false;
  var updated = false;

  if (this.o !== o) {
    this.o = o;
    this._mdf.o = true;
    updated = true;
  }
  if (this.sw !== sw) {
    this.sw = sw;
    this._mdf.sw = true;
    updated = true;
  }
  if (this.sc !== sc) {
    this.sc = sc;
    this._mdf.sc = true;
    updated = true;
  }
  if (this.fc !== fc) {
    this.fc = fc;
    this._mdf.fc = true;
    updated = true;
  }
  if (this.m !== m) {
    this.m = m;
    this._mdf.m = true;
    updated = true;
  }
  if (p.length && (this.p[0] !== p[0] || this.p[1] !== p[1] || this.p[4] !== p[4] || this.p[5] !== p[5] || this.p[12] !== p[12] || this.p[13] !== p[13])) {
    this.p = p;
    this._mdf.p = true;
    updated = true;
  }
  return updated;
};


System.register(["angular2/test_lib", "angular2/src/test_lib/test_bed", "angular2/src/core/annotations_impl/annotations", "angular2/src/core/annotations_impl/view", "angular2/src/core/compiler/dynamic_component_loader", "angular2/src/core/compiler/element_ref", "angular2/src/directives/if", "angular2/src/render/dom/direct_dom_renderer", "angular2/src/dom/dom_adapter"], function($__export) {
  "use strict";
  var AsyncTestCompleter,
      beforeEach,
      ddescribe,
      xdescribe,
      describe,
      el,
      dispatchEvent,
      expect,
      iit,
      inject,
      beforeEachBindings,
      it,
      xit,
      TestBed,
      Component,
      View,
      DynamicComponentLoader,
      ElementRef,
      If,
      DirectDomRenderer,
      DOM,
      ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent,
      ChildComp,
      DynamicallyCreatedComponentService,
      DynamicComp,
      DynamicallyCreatedCmp,
      DynamicallyLoaded,
      DynamicallyLoaded2,
      DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps,
      Location,
      MyComp;
  function main() {
    describe('DynamicComponentLoader', function() {
      describe("loading into existing location", (function() {
        it('should work', inject([TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '<dynamic-comp #dynamic></dynamic-comp>',
            directives: [DynamicComp]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            var dynamicComponent = view.rawView.locals.get("dynamic");
            expect(dynamicComponent).toBeAnInstanceOf(DynamicComp);
            dynamicComponent.done.then((function(_) {
              view.detectChanges();
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('hello');
              async.done();
            }));
          }));
        })));
        it('should inject dependencies of the dynamically-loaded component', inject([TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '<dynamic-comp #dynamic></dynamic-comp>',
            directives: [DynamicComp]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            var dynamicComponent = view.rawView.locals.get("dynamic");
            dynamicComponent.done.then((function(ref) {
              expect(ref.instance.dynamicallyCreatedComponentService).toBeAnInstanceOf(DynamicallyCreatedComponentService);
              async.done();
            }));
          }));
        })));
        it('should allow to destroy and create them via viewcontainer directives', inject([TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '
<dynamic-comp #dynamic template="if: ctxBoolProp"></dynamic-comp>
',
            directives: [DynamicComp, If]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            view.context.ctxBoolProp = true;
            view.detectChanges();
            var dynamicComponent = view.rawView.viewContainers[0].views[0].locals.get("dynamic");
            dynamicComponent.done.then((function(_) {
              view.detectChanges();
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('hello');
              view.context.ctxBoolProp = false;
              view.detectChanges();
              expect(view.rawView.viewContainers[0].views.length).toBe(0);
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('');
              view.context.ctxBoolProp = true;
              view.detectChanges();
              var dynamicComponent = view.rawView.viewContainers[0].views[0].locals.get("dynamic");
              return dynamicComponent.done;
            })).then((function(_) {
              view.detectChanges();
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('hello');
              async.done();
            }));
          }));
        })));
      }));
      describe("loading next to an existing location", (function() {
        it('should work', inject([DynamicComponentLoader, TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(loader, tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '
<location #loc></location>
',
            directives: [Location]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            var location = view.rawView.locals.get("loc");
            loader.loadNextToExistingLocation(DynamicallyLoaded, location.elementRef).then((function(ref) {
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText("Location;DynamicallyLoaded;");
              async.done();
            }));
          }));
        })));
        it('should return a disposable component ref', inject([DynamicComponentLoader, TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(loader, tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '
<location #loc></location>
',
            directives: [Location]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            var location = view.rawView.locals.get("loc");
            loader.loadNextToExistingLocation(DynamicallyLoaded, location.elementRef).then((function(ref) {
              loader.loadNextToExistingLocation(DynamicallyLoaded2, location.elementRef).then((function(ref2) {
                expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText("Location;DynamicallyLoaded;DynamicallyLoaded2;");
                ref2.dispose();
                expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText("Location;DynamicallyLoaded;");
                async.done();
              }));
            }));
          }));
        })));
        it('should update host properties', inject([DynamicComponentLoader, TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(loader, tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '
<location #loc></location>
',
            directives: [Location]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            var location = view.rawView.locals.get("loc");
            loader.loadNextToExistingLocation(DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps, location.elementRef).then((function(ref) {
              ref.instance.id = "new value";
              view.detectChanges();
              var newlyInsertedElement = DOM.childNodesAsList(view.rootNodes[0])[1];
              expect(newlyInsertedElement.id).toEqual("new value");
              async.done();
            }));
          }));
        })));
      }));
      describe('loading into a new location', (function() {
        it('should allow to create, update and destroy components', inject([TestBed, AsyncTestCompleter], (function(tb, async) {
          tb.overrideView(MyComp, new View({
            template: '<imp-ng-cmp #impview></imp-ng-cmp>',
            directives: [ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent]
          }));
          tb.createView(MyComp).then((function(view) {
            var userViewComponent = view.rawView.locals.get("impview");
            userViewComponent.done.then((function(childComponentRef) {
              view.detectChanges();
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('hello');
              childComponentRef.instance.ctxProp = 'new';
              view.detectChanges();
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('new');
              childComponentRef.dispose();
              expect(view.rootNodes).toHaveText('');
              async.done();
            }));
          }));
        })));
      }));
    });
  }
  $__export("main", main);
  return {
    setters: [function($__m) {
      AsyncTestCompleter = $__m.AsyncTestCompleter;
      beforeEach = $__m.beforeEach;
      ddescribe = $__m.ddescribe;
      xdescribe = $__m.xdescribe;
      describe = $__m.describe;
      el = $__m.el;
      dispatchEvent = $__m.dispatchEvent;
      expect = $__m.expect;
      iit = $__m.iit;
      inject = $__m.inject;
      beforeEachBindings = $__m.beforeEachBindings;
      it = $__m.it;
      xit = $__m.xit;
    }, function($__m) {
      TestBed = $__m.TestBed;
    }, function($__m) {
      Component = $__m.Component;
    }, function($__m) {
      View = $__m.View;
    }, function($__m) {
      DynamicComponentLoader = $__m.DynamicComponentLoader;
    }, function($__m) {
      ElementRef = $__m.ElementRef;
    }, function($__m) {
      If = $__m.If;
    }, function($__m) {
      DirectDomRenderer = $__m.DirectDomRenderer;
    }, function($__m) {
      DOM = $__m.DOM;
    }],
    execute: function() {
      ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent = (function() {
        var ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent = function ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent(self, dynamicComponentLoader, renderer) {
          var div = el('

');
          renderer.setImperativeComponentRootNodes(self.parentView.render, self.boundElementIndex, [div]);
          this.done = dynamicComponentLoader.loadIntoNewLocation(ChildComp, self, div, null);
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'imp-ng-cmp'}), new View({renderer: 'imp-ng-cmp-renderer'})];
        }});
      Object.defineProperty(ImperativeViewComponentUsingNgComponent, "parameters", {get: function() {
          return [[ElementRef], [DynamicComponentLoader], [DirectDomRenderer]];
        }});
      ChildComp = (function() {
        var ChildComp = function ChildComp() {
          this.ctxProp = 'hello';
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(ChildComp, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(ChildComp, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'child-cmp'}), new View({template: '{{ctxProp}}'})];
        }});
      DynamicallyCreatedComponentService = (function() {
        var DynamicallyCreatedComponentService = function DynamicallyCreatedComponentService() {
          ;
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(DynamicallyCreatedComponentService, {}, {});
      }());
      DynamicComp = (function() {
        var DynamicComp = function DynamicComp(loader, location) {
          this.done = loader.loadIntoExistingLocation(DynamicallyCreatedCmp, location);
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(DynamicComp, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicComp, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'dynamic-comp'})];
        }});
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicComp, "parameters", {get: function() {
          return [[DynamicComponentLoader], [ElementRef]];
        }});
      DynamicallyCreatedCmp = (function() {
        var DynamicallyCreatedCmp = function DynamicallyCreatedCmp(a) {
          this.greeting = "hello";
          this.dynamicallyCreatedComponentService = a;
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(DynamicallyCreatedCmp, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicallyCreatedCmp, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({
            selector: 'hello-cmp',
            injectables: [DynamicallyCreatedComponentService]
          }), new View({template: "{{greeting}}"})];
        }});
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicallyCreatedCmp, "parameters", {get: function() {
          return [[DynamicallyCreatedComponentService]];
        }});
      DynamicallyLoaded = (function() {
        var DynamicallyLoaded = function DynamicallyLoaded() {
          ;
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(DynamicallyLoaded, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicallyLoaded, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'dummy'}), new View({template: "DynamicallyLoaded;"})];
        }});
      DynamicallyLoaded2 = (function() {
        var DynamicallyLoaded2 = function DynamicallyLoaded2() {
          ;
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(DynamicallyLoaded2, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicallyLoaded2, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'dummy'}), new View({template: "DynamicallyLoaded2;"})];
        }});
      DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps = (function() {
        var DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps = function DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps() {
          this.id = "default";
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({
            selector: 'dummy',
            hostProperties: {'id': 'id'}
          }), new View({template: "DynamicallyLoadedWithHostProps;"})];
        }});
      Location = (function() {
        var Location = function Location(elementRef) {
          this.elementRef = elementRef;
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(Location, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(Location, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'location'}), new View({template: "Location;"})];
        }});
      Object.defineProperty(Location, "parameters", {get: function() {
          return [[ElementRef]];
        }});
      MyComp = (function() {
        var MyComp = function MyComp() {
          this.ctxBoolProp = false;
        };
        return ($traceurRuntime.createClass)(MyComp, {}, {});
      }());
      Object.defineProperty(MyComp, "annotations", {get: function() {
          return [new Component({selector: 'my-comp'}), new View({directives: []})];
        }});
    }
  };
});
//# sourceMappingURL=dynamic_component_loader_spec.es6.map

//# sourceMappingURL=./dynamic_component_loader_spec.js.map


Feferman, S., Transfinite Recursive Progressions of Axiomatic Theories, J. Symbolic Logic, 27, 259-316 (1962).

author author title title title title title title journal journal journal volume pages date


Knuth, D., The Art of Computer Programming, AddisonWesley, 1981.

author author title title title title title publisher date


Jin-yi Cai (1990), A Note on the Determinant and Permanent Problem, Information and Computation, 84, No. 1, 119-127.

author author date title title title title title title title title journal journal journal volume volume volume pages


Onoda, T. Soft-Structuring Model:Supporting Category Management of the Long Tail 2007 Ph.D Thesis Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University

author author title title title title title title title title date tech tech institution institution institution institution institution institution institution institution


Masticola, S. P. and Ryder, B. G. "A Model of Ada Programs for Static Deadlock Detection in Polynomial Time". Proceedings oJ the ACM/ONR Workshop on Parallel Distributed Debugging, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 26(12):97-107, December 1991.

author author author author author author author title title title title title title title title title title title title booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle journal journal journal pages date date


D. Lomet and Mark R. Tuttle. Redo Recovery after System Crashes. In Proc. of the 21st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Zurich, Sept. 1995.

author author author author author author title title title title title booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle location date date


Ashenfelter, O. and C. Rouse. 2000. Schooling, intelligence and income in America. In K. Arrow, S. Bowles, and S. Durlauf, eds. Meritocracy and economic inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

author author author author author date title title title title title title title editor editor editor editor editor editor editor editor booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle location publisher publisher publisher


Ludwigs, H. SIMIS II -An Environment For Material Flow Systems Simulation. Proceedings of the 16th annual SIMULATION symposium, Tampa, Florida, 1983, pages 69-78

author author title title title title title title title title title booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle booktitle location location date pages pages


Jackie accompanied Rose.


They should pen the letter quickly.


There is a seat available.


Mary thinks that she is smart.


We investigated the area for bombs.


A wonderful opportunity presented itself to him yesterday.


I'm even sure we got these tickets!


John believes it that Bill is here.


What additional categories and rules would be required to handle these verbs?


I remembered having kissed Mary.


Stroke attacks can happen to anyone and at any time. A stroke occurs due to a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. So far, there have been rumors that suggest we pierce the fingertips of stroke sufferers to overcome blockages and make blood circulation smoother. Is that true? According to Rocksy F.V. Situmeang, Neurologist, Siloam Hospitals Lippo Karawaci, this method is wrong. Stabbing the finger of a stroke patient with a needle should even be avoided. Inserting a needle into a stroke patient's finger will only cause pain, and can increase blood pressure. This can actually be life threatening. If there is a family or relative who has had a stroke, you should immediately take him to the hospital for proper treatment, said Rocksy. It's the only way to deal with a stroke. The first four hours after a stroke occurs is a very decisive period in the treatment of subsequent strokes. The sooner stroke patients are taken to hospital, the more likely they are to be saved. The speed of bringing stroke patients to the hospital can also reduce the risk of post-stroke disability. Some of the symptoms of a stroke that you should be aware of are weakness on one side of the limb, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, slurred speech, visual disturbances, to sudden severe headaches.


The Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) through the Director General of Informatics Applications again sent a letter to Facebook on Thursday (19/4/2018). The letter is still related to the leak of data of 1.3 million Facebook users in Indonesia and the alleged misuse of the data.

Through the letter, on behalf of the government of the Republic of Indonesia, Kominfo asked for confirmation and explanation of information about misuse of Facebook user data, which reportedly spread to other analysis firms besides Cambridge Analytica, namely CubeYou and Aggregate IQ.
In addition, Kominfo also asked for confirmation and further explanation regarding the technical actions that Facebook will take to limit access to the data they have. Regarding this data access restriction, the Head of Public Policy at Facebook Indonesia previously disclosed in a letter sent on April 5, 2018.
Again, Kominfo asked Facebook to provide schedule data and audit results for cases of misuse of user data from the leaking of data of 1.3 million Indonesian Facebook users.

Previously, at a meeting with Commission I of the Indonesian House of Representatives, Facebook was asked to conduct an audit for one month, starting April 17, 2018. Responding to this, Facebook confirmed that it would conduct a transparent audit, but could not promise an exact date for the completion of the process.

Finally, in a letter sent by Kominfo, Facebook was asked to provide data on Indonesian Facebook users who were affected by data misuse by Cambridge Analytica.
Kominfo emphasized that Facebook could fulfill all of these requests, no later than seven calendar days after the letter was sent last Thursday.

If by the time limit specified Facebook has not fulfilled the request, there is no certainty about the steps that will be taken by the government. There is also no certainty about the news that Facebook will be closed on April 24, 2018.

The government can indeed impose strict sanctions by blocking Facebook, however, the Minister of Communication and Information, Rudiantara, has never mentioned the issue of blocking since the first time this case emerged. So, it can be ascertained that the news of the closing of Facebook on April 24, 2018 is not true or a hoax.


The news circulating about the plan to increase the salaries of the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia is confirmed to be a hoax. This certainty was revealed after the Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati confirmed this in front of journalists at the Bogor Presidential Palace, West Java. It does not exist and has never been discussed. he said on Monday, March 12, 2018 While giving a statement regarding President Joko Widodo's meeting with the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) delegation, he received a question about it. "What the Minister of State has said (in social media) is a hoax, it is indeed like that. In today's social media there is a lot of information and documents that are made similar to those of the government and published," he said. n The Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia In this issue, it is stated that the president will be proposed to receive a salary of up to Rp. 553422694 per month. The vice president is said to be proposed to receive a salary of Rp. 368948462 per month.


The riot occurred at the Mobile Brigade Headquarters Prison, Kelapa Dua, Depok, West Java, Friday (10/11/2017) afternoon. According to Karo Penmas, Police Public Relations Division, Brigadier General Rikwanto, the commotion occurred around 16.00 WIB.

Rikwanto explained that after Friday prayers, the detainees were put into their respective cells by the Densus 88 team. While carrying out these activities, the Densus 88 team conducted a search. There are 4 pieces of HP found.

"Four cellphones were found, belonging to Juhanda, Saulihun, Kairul Anam and Jumali," he said as quoted by a number of online media. One of the detainees did not accept the search.

"It is true that with the inspection activity, one of the prisoners did not accept it and provoked the officers with various words, then some members were provoked by their words and there were prisoners who while takbir loudly so that they provoked the prisoners of the next block," he explained.

As a result, riots ensued. A number of facilities in the prison were damaged. "The prison cell door was broken into, the gate of the block hallway, the window panes (in Block C and Block B)," said Rikwanto.

While the information that spread and went viral on social media said the cause of the commotion began when officers entered the isolation room of the cleric's detainees. It is said, the anger of the prisoners peaked when the officers scrambled the books of monotheism, threw other books and the Koran.

In the Youtube sharing information show "Second of Riots at the Mobile Brigade Headquarters, Kelapa Dua, Depok, West Java" which was also viral, the prisoners were seen screaming because they did not accept the treatment by the authorities of the Al-Qur'an and other books belonging to the prisoners. .

"We don't mind having our cellphones taken, but don't destroy our Koran and books!" exclaimed a prisoner in a video sharing Youtube that aired on Friday, November 10, 2017.

The prisoners who did not accept the abuse were also takbir. Several warning shots were heard from the police. The prisoners looked more and more emotional.

According to Rikwanto, the incident did not last long. The authorities immediately took control of the situation. Rikwanto also denied that this incident was triggered by the throwing and harassment of the Koran by the authorities. "It's a hoax," he said.

There are no victims in this riot


Rumors circulated on social media that a riot occurred at the Mako Brimob Detention Center, Kelapa Dua, Depok, West Java, on Friday (11/10/2017) at around 16.00 Wib.

On Twitter, the riots were widely discussed.

The owner of the Grand Duke of Condet Twitter account? @CondetWarrior wrote: Mako Brimob rioted this afternoon. Reportedly 3 blocks of the detention room caught fire & the doors were destroyed. According to my source, the reason was because a group of Police there threw the Al-Qur'an and hadith books belonging to the detainees.

To complete the story, this account completes its tweet with a video that the owner of the account says the source sent him. The video shows a number of people who appear to be convicted of terrorism, making gestures that indicate that they are in a tense atmosphere, and then the camera, which appears to be from a cellphone, moves to reveal a shattered window.

Grand Duke of Condet? @CondetWarrior : Just now my intelligence said it was a deliberate riot so that Ahok could be transferred from the Mobile Brigade Headquarters to be under house arrest. All possibilities exist, but what is clear is that if it is true that the police threw the Qur'an, then it is your business with the entire Muslim Ummah!

While the LaskarPribumi account? @anggarabatubata mentions: viral & spread in the group that in mako there is a riot between ikhwah aseer vs Brimob. The cause of the incident that spread was that the Danbrimob detention center came to the isolation rooms of the asatidz then they scrambled the clerics' rooms to look for cellphones even though there was an ustad who was sick and they didn't care.

NET public? @publik_net: riots at the Mobile Brigade Headquarters, Kelapa Dua, depok, terrorist prisoners set fire to and destroyed the room. because the guard ahmad and his team threw the Koran and caused the prisoners to go berserk.

Quoted from Panjimas, it was stated that a social media channel reported that the riots occurred because the prisoners who were charged with terrorism cases were angry when they heard the news that there were guards who were suspected of harassing the Koran and the books of the clerics belonging to the prisoners.

"Densus and the warden arrogantly entered the Ikhwan's room and the Koran was stepped on by Brimob, the warden and Densus finally caused the ikhwans to go on a rampage and destroy the Brimob mako detention room, the current situation is still tense ...," reads an excerpt from #AlfathChannel which is spread throughout the world. social media.


When one family member has a stroke, usually other family members take the initiative to provide first aid. For example, by pricking the tips of the patient's fingers with a needle to check whether he is numb or not. Then, make an impromptu family meeting to discuss the stroke patient to be taken to which hospital and which doctor. The initiative, said Prof. Dr. Dr. Mohammad Hasan Machfoed, Sp.S(K), MS is not important! This was revealed in the Grand Kalbe Academia talk show with the theme Indonesian Neurologist Forum in Jakarta, Saturday (4/2) yesterday. Mohammad Hasan said that as soon as one of the family members had a stroke, they should immediately be taken to a specialist. Don't think too much, hold a family meeting, call an elder sibling, blah-blah-blah. That makes things even worse. Stoke could not be helped by his own family members. You see, when someone has a stroke, the brain suddenly lacks oxygen and within 10 minutes can damage the entire brain. After those 10 minutes, he experienced a panombra area that is between life and death. At that time, we must provide appropriate help and only a specialist can do it. Giving wrong help can result in necrosis or cell death in all body tissues, said Mohammad Hassan to tabloidbintang.com. Stroke strikes at an unexpected time. It brings about progressive change. Very fast. The very rapid changes, said Mohammad Hassan, are caused by the brain being suddenly deprived of oxygen. Due to lack of oxygen, the brain swells. If not treated quickly, the swelling causes the patient to die. The process to death will be very fast if he falls or experiences blockages in the airways. Importantly, family members must be careful to detect strange symptoms early on. For example, waking up talking sloppy. Or suddenly experience paralysis of one side. Or his mental state changes, forgets easily, told Mohammad Hassan. Another thing that should be considered by the family is at what time the patient had a stroke. For example, 6 am. You must move quickly (take him to the doctor) in less than four hours after 6 am. Mohammad Hassan emphasized that four hours after the stroke occurred was the most crucial time. He must get proper and fast help. If you are in Jakarta, you can take the patient to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, for example. There, it allows patients to undergo thrombolysis (the process of destroying blood clots-red) which allows stroke survivors to recover. The condition, must get help in less than four hours, he continued. Mohammad Hassan assessed that Indonesian people's awareness of the dangers of stroke has improved. However, it must continue to be improved considering that stroke is still the deadliest disease in this country. Therefore, the Chairperson of the Indonesian Neurologist Association welcomed the 2017 Grand Kalbe Academia. Director of PT Kalbe Farma Michael Buyung Nugroho added, the Indonesian Neurologist Forum talked about Neurological Disorder. Neurological disorders can lead to disability and even death. We want to contribute more in building competence for both senior and junior neurology doctors to better understand neurological disorders. Considering this disease has an impact on decreasing patient productivity and the quality of life of the patient's family.


Alam Islam - Help straighten it out, after HOAX code E as a product with all pork, this is a HOAX explanation that all bristles are also pork, hopefully it can reduce the anxiety of the BRISTLE community. general in nature. In Arabic, isim nakirah. The meaning of the word bristle is a fine/thin strand (filament) and firm/strong, according to the following dictionaries: The bristle written on the toothbrush, solely means bristles, NOT pig bristles. Now the word bristle which is general in nature (isim nakirah) only has a more special meaning when compared to other words, for example: pure bristle or 100% bristle or natural bristle: meaning fur made from pure animal hair or plant fiber. Can be from horses or other animals. Bristle from plant fibers is also available, namely SIWAK wood. The bristles or bristle of Tang dynasty (619 - 907) toothbrushes were indeed made of pig bristles, but modern toothbrushes made since 1938 are made of NYLON. The history can be seen here: Until now, there are STILL 10% of toothbrushes made of sea urchins circulating throughout the WORLD (so NOT 10% in Indonesia as Jeng wrote, whose status I photographed). For hygiene reasons, modern toothbrush manufacturers and consumers prefer nylon toothbrushes. It seems that the joy of welcoming the toothbrush bristle information occurred due to a misunderstanding when reading articles on the LPPOK MUI website. Articles that discuss BRUSH FOR COOKING, are considered the same as the bristles on a toothbrush. this article : this is the misunderstood part : The handle of a boar bristle brush is often written with the words : Bristle , Pure Bristle , 100% China Bristle , etc. One of the meanings of the word Bristle is Pig Hair or sea urchins (Webster's Dictionary) which are unclean when wet. Therefore, bread that is touched by an unclean brush becomes unclean, so it is forbidden to eat it. A substitute for a boar bristle brush is a brush made of plastic (polyester). Brush companies Ken Master and Selery also produce brushes from this halal material. The word ONE in the article is not understood properly where one also means NOT ALL the meanings of the word bristle are sea urchins, including the bristles of modern NYLON toothbrushes. AND some people don't even bother to double-check if it's true that the word bristle ONLY means sea urchin. Qadar Allah this error is so massive that even one of the sites belonging to one of the asatidz interprets it incorrectly. So I hope that the manager of the LPPOM MUI site (maybe someone can contact Mr. Nanung to correct the article) will correct the article by providing a more detailed description of the meaning of the word bristle so that there are no mistakes like what we see in the picture. below this.


How can I get a Visa and Mastercard?

How can I get a Visa and Mastercard?


What forms of payment do you accept?

What forms of payment do you accept?


I want to make an online purchase but I don't want to use my credit card. Can you tell me how a disposable virtual card works and where I can apply for one?


I have arranged a transfer, but no longer need to send it. How do I stop the transfer?


Why can't I make multiple payments with my virtual card?


I got $20 when I should've gotten $100

I got $20 when I should've gotten $100


I would like to close my account, as I'm not happy.


I need to find the top up verification code


Is there a way yo change my PIN?

Is there a way yo change my PIN?


Can this app be used to exchange currencies?


View + as a random digit instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 63+18? A:


View + as a random digit instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 10+17? A:


View number as text. Do not perform computation. Q: What is the first digit of 73+14? A:


View + as the digit 2 instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 6+1? A:


View + as a random digit instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 60+10? A:


The counselor helped the laborer because

he is a very kind person.
she is a very kind person.


The lawyer talked with the counselor because

she needed to gather additional evidence for the case.


The driver offered a ride to the teacher but

he refused the offer.
she refused the offer.


The cleaner got mad at the farmer because

she brought lots of dirt.
he brought lots of dirt.


The carpenter met with the teacher so that

she could fix the cabinets in the classroom.


The salesperson met with the counselor because


The receptionist reminded the cook to wear suits because


The sheriff told the counselor that

he was under investigation.
she was under investigation.


The supervisor was impressed by the tailor because

she is easily impressed.
he is easily impressed.


The driver picked up bread from the baker because


Absolutely wonderful - silky and sexy and comfortable


Love this dress!  it's sooo pretty.  i happened to find it in a store, and i'm glad i did bc i never would have ordered it online bc it's petite.  i bought a petite and am 5'8".  i love the length on me- hits just a little below the knee.  would definitely be a true midi on someone who is truly petite.


I had such high hopes for this dress and really wanted it to work for me. i initially ordered the petite small (my usual size) but i found this to be outrageously small. so small in fact that i could not zip it up! i reordered it in petite medium, which was just ok. overall, the top half was comfortable and fit nicely, but the bottom half had a very tight under layer and several somewhat cheap (net) over layers. imo, a major design flaw was the net over layer sewn directly into the zipper - it c

Some major design flaws


I love, love, love this jumpsuit. it's fun, flirty, and fabulous! every time i wear it, i get nothing but great compliments!

My favorite buy!


This shirt is very flattering to all due to the adjustable front tie. it is the perfect length to wear with leggings and it is sleeveless so it pairs well with any cardigan. love this shirt!!!

Flattering shirt


I love tracy reese dresses, but this one is not for the very petite. i am just under 5 feet tall and usually wear a 0p in this brand. this dress was very pretty out of the package but its a lot of dress. the skirt is long and very full so it overwhelmed my small frame. not a stranger to alterations, shortening and narrowing the skirt would take away from the embellishment of the garment. i love the color and the idea of the style but it just did not work on me. i returned this dress.

Not for the very petite


I aded this in my basket at hte last mintue to see what it would look like in person. (store pick up). i went with teh darkler color only because i am so pale :-) hte color is really gorgeous, and turns out it mathced everythiing i was trying on with it prefectly. it is a little baggy on me and hte xs is hte msallet size (bummer, no petite). i decided to jkeep it though, because as i said, it matvehd everything. my ejans, pants, and the 3 skirts i waas trying on (of which i ]kept all ) oops.

Cagrcoal shimmer fun


I ordered this in carbon for store pick up, and had a ton of stuff (as always) to try on and used this top to pair (skirts and pants). everything went with it. the color is really nice charcoal with shimmer, and went well with pencil skirts, flare pants, etc. my only compaint is it is a bit big, sleeves are long and it doesn't go in petite. also a bit loose for me, but no xxs... so i kept it and wil ldecide later since the light color is already sold out in hte smallest size...

Shimmer, surprisingly goes with lots


I love this dress. i usually get an xs but it runs a little snug in bust so i ordered up a size. very flattering and feminine with the usual retailer flair for style.

Flattering


I'm 5"5' and 125 lbs. i ordered the s petite to make sure the length wasn't too long. i typically wear an xs regular in retailer dresses. if you're less busty (34b cup or smaller), a s petite will fit you perfectly (snug, but not tight). i love that i could dress it up for a party, or down for work. i love that the tulle is longer then the fabric underneath.

Such a fun dress!


An artwork of a broken wine bottle in the medium of dry pigments


an optimistic full color hd poster of happy uncle sam laying out a cornucopia of red white and blue pills


an organic and detailed design for a cryonics preservation chamber


A crystal apple from the angel of crystaline


a once in a lifetime miracle experienced during the dreamtime, matte painting, trending on artstation


The below fantasies spell of crystal hearts breakage


DSLR POV shot looking down from the rooftop of a skyscraper onto whirs of light as the cars zip by on the street below


Black blaze, the stars of gods takes place to ignite


tense atmosphere in the SpaceX control room as mission control scientists and engineers countdown to a blastoff launch


Lush heaven, great perception of the vows on the cold symphonies


Question: 0800 da natura do brasil?


Question: 0800 da unilever do brasil?


Question: 0800 da xerox do brasil?


Question: 0800 do cartao american express?


Question: 0800 do sac da chevrolet?


Question: 0800 do sac da electrolux?


Question: 0800 do sac da ford?


Question: 0800 do sac da honda?


Question: 0800 do sac da microsoft?


Question: 0800 do sac da natura?


I had a dream
We were sipping whiskey neat
Highest floor, The Bowery
And I was high enough
Somewhere along the lines
We stopped seeing eye to eye
You were staying out all night
And I had enough
No, I dont wanna know
Where you been or where youre goin
But I know I wont be home
And youll be on your own
Whos gonna walk you
Through the dark side of the morning?
Whos gonna rock you
When the sun wont let you sleep?
Whos waking up to drive you home
When youre drunk and all alone?
Whos gonna walk you
Through the dark side of the morning?
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
I had a dream
We were back to seventeen
Summer nights and The Libertines
Never growing up
Ill take with me
The polaroids and the memories
But you know Im gonna leave
Behind the worst of us
Whos gonna walk you
Through the dark side of the morning?
Whos gonna rock you
When the sun wont let you sleep?
Whos waking up to drive you home
When youre drunk and all alone?
Whos gonna walk you
Through the dark side of the morning?
It aint me, no no
It aint me, no no
It aint me, no no
Whos gonna walk you through the dark side of the morning?
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me
The Bowery, whiskey neat, grateful, Im so grateful
It aint me


We dont talk anymore, we dont talk anymore
We dont talk anymore, like we used to do
We dont love anymore
What was all of it for?
Oh, we dont talk anymore, like we used to do
I just heard you found the one youve been looking
Youve been looking for
I wish I would have known that wasnt me
Cause even after all this time I still wonder
Why I cant move on
Just the way you did so easily
Dont wanna know
What kind of dress youre wearing tonight
If hes holdin onto you so tight
The way I did before
I overdosed
Shouldve known your love was a game
Now I cant get you out of my brain
Oh, its such a shame
That we dont talk anymore, we dont talk anymore
We dont talk anymore, like we used to do
We dont love anymore
What was all of it for?
Oh, we dont talk anymore, like we used to do
I just hope youre lying next to somebody
Who knows how to love you like me
There must be a good reason that youre gone
Every now and then I think you
Might want me to come show up at your door
But Im just too afraid that Ill be wrong
Dont wanna know
If youre lookin into her eyes
If shes holdin onto you so tight
The way I did before
I overdosed
Shouldve known your love was a game
Now I cant get you out of my brain
Oh, its such a shame
That we dont talk anymore, we dont talk anymore
We dont talk anymore, like we used to do
We dont love anymore
What was all of it for?
Oh, we dont talk anymore, like we used to do
Like we used to do
Dont wanna know
What kind of dress youre wearing tonight
If hes giving it to you just right
The way I did before
I overdosed
Shouldve known your love was a game
Now I cant get you out of my brain
Oh, its such a shame
That we dont talk anymore, we dont talk anymore
We dont talk anymore, like we used to do
We dont love anymore
What was all of it for?
Oh, we dont talk anymore, like we used to do
We dont talk anymore, oh, oh
The way I did before
We dont talk anymore, oh, whoa
Oh, its such a shame
That we dont talk anymore


In your eyes, theres a heavy blue
One to love, and one to lose
Sweet divine, a heavy truth
Water or wine, dont make me choose
I wanna feel the way that we did that summer night, night
Drunk on a feeling, alone with the stars in the sky
Ive been running through the jungle
Ive been running with the wolves
To get to you, to get to you
Ive been down the darkest alleys
Saw the dark side of the moon
To get to you, to get to you
Ive looked for love in every stranger
Took too much to ease the anger
All for you, yeah, all for you
Ive been running through the jungle
Ive been crying with the wolves
To get to you, to get to you, to get to you
To get to you
To get to you
Your fingertips trace my skin
To places I have never been
Blindly, I am following
Break down these walls and come on in
I wanna feel the way that we did that summer night, night
Drunk on a feeling, alone with the stars in the sky
Ive been running through the jungle
Ive been running with the wolves
To get to you, to get to you
Ive been down the darkest alleys
Saw the dark side of the moon
To get to you, to get to you
Ive looked for love in every stranger
Took too much to ease the anger
All for you, yeah, all for you
Ive been running through the jungle
Ive been crying with the wolves
To get to you, to get to you, to get to you
To get to you
To get to you
Ive been running through the jungle
Ive been running with the wolves
To get to you, to get to you
Ive been down the darkest alleys
Saw the dark side of the moon
To get to you, to get to you
Ive looked for love in every stranger
Took too much to ease the anger
All for you, yeah, all for you
Ive been running through the jungle
Ive been crying with the wolves
To get to you, to get to you, to get to you


Take it or leave it
Baby take it or leave it
But I know you wont leave it
Cause I know that you need it
Look in the mirror
When I look in the mirror
Baby I see it clearer
Why you wanna be nearer
Im not surprised
I sympathize, ah
I cant deny
Your appetite, ah
You got a fetish for my love
I push you out and you come right back
Dont see a point in blaming you
If I were you, Id do me too
You got a fetish for my love
I push you out and you come right back
Dont see a point in blaming you
If I were you, Id do me too
You got a fetish for my love
Reaching your limit
Say youre reaching your limit
Going over your limit
But I know you cant quit it
Something about me
Got you hooked on my body
Take you over and under and twisted up like origami
Im not surprised
I sympathize, ah
I cant deny
Your appetite, ah
You got a fetish for my love
I push you out and you come right back
Dont see a point in blaming you
If I were you, Id do me too
You got a fetish for my love
I push you out and you come right back
Dont see a point in blaming you
If I were you, Id do me too
You got a fetish for my love
Its Gucci!
The way you walk, the way you talk
I blame you cause its all your fault
Youre playin hard, dont turn me off
You actin hard, but I know you soft
You my fetish, Im so with it
All these rumors bein spreaded
Might as well go head and whip it
Cause they sayin we already did it
Call on Gucci if you ever need me
Ill be South Beach in the drop top gleamin
Water diamonds, Aquafina
Just need you in a blue bikini
You got a fetish for my love
I push you out and you come right back
Dont see a point in blaming you
If I were you, Id do me too
You got a fetish for my love
I push you out and you come right back
Dont see a point in blaming you
If I were you, Id do me too
You got a fetish for my love


I was walking down the street the other day
Tryna distract myself
But then I see your face
Oh wait, thats someone else
Tryna play it coy
Tryna make it disappear
But just like the battle of Troy
Theres nothing subtle here
In my room theres a king size space
Bigger than it used to be
If you want you can rent that place
Call me an amenity
Even if its in my dreams
Ooh youre taking up a fraction of my mind
Ooooh every time I watch you serpentine
Oh Im tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Oh tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Not to think about you
No, no, no, no
Not to think about you
No, no, no, no
Oh Im tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Oh tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Not to give in to you
No, no, no, no
Not to give in to you
No, no, no, no
With my feelings on fire
Guess Im a bad liar
I see how your attention builds
Its like looking in a mirror
Your touch like a happy pill
But still all we do is fear
What could possibly happen next?
Can we focus on the love?
Paint my kiss across your chest
If youre the art, Ill be the brush
Ooh youre taking up a fraction of my mind
Ooooh every time I watch you serpentine
Oh Im tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Oh tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Not to think about you
No, no, no, no
Not to think about you
No, no, no, no
Oh Im tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Oh tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Not to give in to you
No, no, no, no
Not to give in to you
No, no, no, no
With my feelings on fire
Guess Im a bad liar
And oh baby lets make reality, actuality, a reality
Oh baby lets make reality, actuality, a reality
Oh, oh, Im tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Oh tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Not to think about you
No, no, no, no
Not to think about you
No, no, no, no
Oh Im tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Oh tryin, Im tryin, Im tryin
Im tryin, Im tryin
Not to give in to you
No, no, no, no
Not to give in to you
No, no, no, no
With my feelings on fire
Guess Im a bad liar


And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.

And God seide, Liyt be maad, and liyt was maad.


RESUMPTION OF THE SESSION


I DECLARE RESUMED THE SESSION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ADJOURNED ON FRIDAY 17 DECEMBER 1999 AND I WOULD LIKE ONCE AGAIN TO WISH YOU A HAPPY NEW YEAR IN THE HOPE THAT YOU ENJOYED A PLEASANT FESTIVE PERIOD


ALTHOUGH AS YOU WILL HAVE SEEN THE DREADED 'MILLENNIUM BUG' FAILED TO MATERIALISE STILL THE PEOPLE IN A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES SUFFERED A SERIES OF NATURAL DISASTERS THAT TRULY WERE DREADFUL


YOU HAVE REQUESTED A DEBATE ON THIS SUBJECT IN THE COURSE OF THE NEXT FEW DAYS DURING THIS PARTSESSION


IN THE MEANTIME I SHOULD LIKE TO OBSERVE A MINUTE' S SILENCE AS A NUMBER OF MEMBERS HAVE REQUESTED ON BEHALF OF ALL THE VICTIMS CONCERNED PARTICULARLY THOSE OF THE TERRIBLE STORMS IN THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION


PLEASE RISE THEN FOR THIS MINUTE' S SILENCE


(THE HOUSE ROSE AND OBSERVED A MINUTE' S SILENCE)


MADAM PRESIDENT ON A POINT OF ORDER


YOU WILL BE AWARE FROM THE PRESS AND TELEVISION THAT THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF BOMB EXPLOSIONS AND KILLINGS IN SRI LANKA


ONE OF THE PEOPLE ASSASSINATED VERY RECENTLY IN SRI LANKA WAS MR KUMAR PONNAMBALAM WHO HAD VISITED THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT JUST A FEW MONTHS AGO


Emphasis on 'culture' in psychology fuels stereotypes, scholar says

In the current issue of the influential journal Human Development, a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, challenges his colleagues to reconsider popular ideas about the role of culture in human development.

Contemporary scholarship is rife with broad, distorted generalizations about "culture" that play into stereotypes and threaten to obscure the powerful influences that individuality, resistance, and power play in development, said psychology professor Per Gjerde, who contributed the invited lead article to the journal's issue focused on "The Study of Diversity: Human Development in Culture."

"Psychologists often speak about the power of culture as an independent variable, but they fail to pay attention to the power structures that frame culture," said Gjerde. "Class differences are typically neglected and the perspective of subordinate groups is therefore overlooked."

Much of the trouble stems from the use of nations as proxies for cultural units, said Gjerde. Notions of culture are linked to national boundaries and geographical areas, like "East" and "West," fueling generalizations about "American individualism" and "Asian collectivism," said Gjerde.

Despite the permeability of borders and the pace of globalization, many scholars in psychology assign groups different styles of cognition and even personality traits, and references to "Easterners" and "Westerners" are common in scholarly and popular literature, observed Gjerde.

Although nations function as "powerful identity symbols," Gjerde calls for the study of human diversity and complexity in a manner that values individuality and the ability to transcend one's culture.

"The emphasis on diversity is welcome, but people are not exchangeable carbon copies," he said. "It is counterproductive to generalize about human development across nations and continents. If you don't take the individual into account, you run the risk--paradoxically--of creating a new set of stereotypes."

Confusing culture and nationality also obscures important racial and ethnic differences. "To equate the Chinese with the Han people marginalizes approximately 100 million people, and to speak about 'Japanese culture' obscures the fact that Japan is a multiethnic society," said Gjerde. "It fails to give voice to ethnic and other oppressed groups within Japan."

Born in Norway and married to a Japanese woman, Gjerde has studied human development in Japan, Thailand, and the United States. Much of contemporary scholarship about culture in psychology is ahistorical and insufficiently interdisciplinary to advance understanding of the human experience, he said.

"I have been bothered by these broad generalizations for some time, but they are catching on," he said. "I am afraid this approach is promoting a disregard for heterogeneity and is minimizing the role of the individual."

Gjerde is critical of the fieldwork that forms the basis for most notions of culture, saying it has been conducted in "limited and bounded social contexts" and that the fixation on groups has obscured the exploration of variation and complexity within and between human beings.

But the dualistic, or "us-them," view of the world has received powerful endorsements, sometimes in the form of research funds from influential organizations.

"People want to generalize because it makes it easier to understand the world, so they come up with cultural labels like collectivist and individualist, which give us an illusion that the world is easily understandable," said Gjerde. "But these ideas have amazing staying power."

Writing that "different social regularities indubitably exist," Gjerde emphasizes the difficulty of interpreting the meaning of such differences. Describing street scenes in Bangkok and Tokyo, he says people in Bangkok look and smile at others much more often than in Tokyo, where eye contact is generally avoided among strangers. Concluding, however, that Japanese are shyer than Thai would be "inane."

Gjerde recommends shifting the focus from groups to individuals and mapping the areas where human experience overlaps, and where it does not. Through observation, in-depth interviews, and the study of variability within groups, Gjerde believes researchers could learn about things like degrees of interdependence, which would be more credible and of greater value than sweeping statements about group differences.

Gjerde's model would take a more interdisciplinary approach to the study of culture, incorporating the writings of anthropology and other fields, and it would consider the influence of power, coercion, and class differences on individual psychological development. He also questions the premise that culture is passed on in a straightforward and passive manner from adults to children. "The assumption is that children acquire skills, values, and behaviors by participating in the adult world, but children today are not passive receptors," he said. "Their resistance to dominant adult cultural practices is a crucial--but often overlooked--component of their experience. It is noteworthy that most cultural psychologists shy away from studying conflict, resistance, and disharmony."

"Culture as ideology is relevant in the study of human development, but the question is how strong and how uniform that influence is, especially in this era of globalization when we're subject to a multitude of influences," said Gjerde. "Culture has a place, but it also has to be put in its place."

_____________

Editor's Note: Per Gjerde may be reached at (831) 459-3148 or via e-mail at gjerde@ucsc.edu.


From AAUP National

The mission of the
American Association of University
Professors (AAUP) is to advance academic freedom and shared governance,
to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher
education, and to ensure higher education's contribution to the common
good.

AAUP Chapter Report

Indiana State University

Relations between ISU faculty and administration are strained. The recent forced resignation of the Dean of our College of Business, the attempt to force a merger between the College of Nursing and the College of Health and Human Performance, and a proposed radical restructuring of the College of Arts and Sciences are actions that have exacerbated already existing tensions. Also contributing to tension is the failure of the administration to provide pay increases adequate to match inflation over the past three years, although the President received a 12 percent increase. The majority of faculty and staff are working now for about 9 percent less pay in real terms, compared to 2003-2004. The chapter has pursued the following activities:

We organized of a fall forum to investigate the potentials and pitfalls of pursuing collective bargaining by the ISU faculty and support staff. On 18 October we hosted two speakers, Pat Shaw from the national AAUP and K. Vinodgopal from the Indiana AAUP conference, who addressed a small audience of interested faculty. Energetic presentations by the speakers and active audience participation made the forum a success. We had a jump in membership soon after the forum.

In response to an initiative to radically restructure the College of Arts and Sciences, the local chapter wrote an open letter to Interim Dean Thomas Sauer and Provost Jack Maynard asking for clarification on the motivations and requesting that traditional shared governance procedures be followed in place of the ad hoc approach designed by the Dean. We held a brief press conference to announce the letter to the public. Media coverage included the ISU student paper, the local Terre Haute paper, and a short story on local television news.

The Executive Committee of the local chapter will be engaged in strategy planning for further activities in support of faculty and public interest in Indiana State University. Here are issues that will receive out attention:

Increasing membership in AAUP

Formulating additional steps to take in opposition to the proposed restructuring

Developing a task force to evaluate the ISU budget and devise critiques of misguided spending

Establishing a newsletter to inform faculty of issues that affect the working lives of faculty and staff at ISU and related AAUP activities

Developing relations with the print and broadcast media

Developing relations with elected officials and others in state government


1982 World Weightlifting Championships

The 1982 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Hala Tivoli, Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia from September 18 to September 26, 1982. There were 205 men in action from 38 nations. These world championships were combined with European championships.

Medal summary

Medal table
Ranking by Big (Total result) medals

Ranking by all medals: Big (Total result) and Small (Snatch and Clean & Jerk)

Team ranking

References
Results (Sport 123)
Weightlifting World Championships Seniors Statistics

External links
International Weightlifting Federation

World Weightlifting Championships
World Weightlifting Championships
Category:International sports competitions hosted by Yugoslavia
Category:World Weightlifting Championships
Category:Weightlifting in Slovenia


Q:

Please can we have runnable Python snippets using Skulpt?

Skulpt is an entirely in-browser implementation of Python.
No preprocessing, plugins, or server-side support required, just write Python and reload.

Python is an extremely popular language, especially for beginners, who also happen to be the people who have the hardest time understanding how to post a MCVE as well as a traceback or output. Being able to comment asking posters to include a runnable snippet would improve a great many questions.
Skulpt overcomes the implementation difficulties of snippets in Python since the code does not have to run on a server. It should simply be a matter of loading one or two javascript libraries when needed.

A:

You can already do this with normal Snippets. (Please add your code twice if you do this, it's too cluttered to find it in the HTML.)
I'm still not convinced this is a fantastic idea, however. One press of the "tidy" button and it might mess up all your precious spaces.

<form>
<textarea id="yourcode" cols="40" rows="10">import turtle

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.forward(100)

print "Hello World"
</textarea>

<button type="button" onclick="runit()">Run</button>
</form>


Introduction
============

Tokenization, or word segmentation, is an indispensable first step in natural language processing (NLP). Unlike languages such as English, in which sentences are already segmented into words by spaces, tokenization is not a trivial process in Japanese, where usually no word delimiters are provided.

Systems called morphological analyzers, which tokenize sentences and assign parts of speech to the tokens, are used for this purpose, and most current morphological analyzers require dictionaries. In this process, biomedical text requires special dictionaries, because technical terms often cause problems as out-of-vocabulary terms.

In BLAH5 (Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon 5), the current status of Japanese medical vocabularies, especially the Japanese version of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is reviewed, and the creation of an open-source alternative is attempted.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
===============================

MeSH \[[@b1-gi-2019-17-2-e16]\] is a medical thesaurus developed and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) for indexing and cataloging biomedical research articles. MeSH consists of descriptors, qualifiers, and supplementary concept records (SCRs). As of 2018, MeSH contained 28,939 descriptors, 79 qualifiers, and 244,778 SCRs, with each mapped to a unique ID (MeSH ID). Descriptors are hierarchically organized sets of medical concepts, and a descriptor record has a heading (a term in a controlled vocabulary for describing the subjects of articles), entry terms (synonyms to the heading), tree numbers (positions in the hierarchy), scope note (the definition of the subject, in natural language text), and other information. A descriptor may have more than one tree numbers (thus, the MeSH hierarchy is not a tree but a lattice). Qualifiers are terms that are used with a descriptor to define the domain of the study for which the descriptor is applied. SCRs consist mostly of names of substances, having headings and synonyms, but not tree numbers. Instead, SCRs are mapped to the headings in descriptor records.

Due to synonyms, the number of terms that can be mapped to records far exceeds the number of records. For example, there are 234,842 unique terms (headings and synonyms) in MeSH descriptors, and 609,418 unique terms in supplementary concepts. As the synonyms are mapped to headings, via MeSH IDs, and are hierarchically organized, via tree numbers, MeSH represents synonym- and hypernym-hyponym relationships between biomedical terms, and is thus a useful resource for text mining.

MeSH is openly available (downloadable) from the NLM site, and is also included as a part of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), which also includes translation of MeSH into other languages, including Japanese. The Japanese translation of MeSH, included in the UMLS, was created by NPO Japan Medical Abstracts Society (JAMAS, *Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi*). The current version, as of February 2019, was released in 2015, and is based on MeSH 2014.

Although the original English MeSH is openly available, other MeSH translations in the UMLS (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese \[Brazilian\], Russian, Croatian, Spanish, and Swedish) carry the Category 3 License Restriction (<https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/license.html>); that is, they can only be used at the licencee\'s site, and cannot be incorporated into publicly accessible computer-based information systems, thus prohibiting creation of open-source, derivative works. These restrictions significantly complicate adapting MeSH for dictionaries used for various NLP tasks.

Japanese Language Resources with Mappings to MeSH
=================================================

There are several online resources in Japan which have MeSH information. Unfortunately, none are fully open for NLP. For example, the *Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi* Thesaurus (<https://www.jamas.or.jp/database/thesaurus.html>), created by JAMAS, organizes Japanese medical terms, based on MeSH tree structures. The latest version (version 9), released in 2019, is freely available for searching and browsing, without registration, but is not downloadable. This thesaurus is based on MeSH 2018, but is not its direct translation. It has 28,247 of 28,939 MeSH 2018 descriptors, and 3,513 terms outside the original MeSH, such as names of drugs sold in Japan and names of Japanese locations and institutions. The terms excluded from MeSH 2018 mainly consist of the names of foreign locations and institutions. The previous version (version 8), released in 2015, was based on MeSH 2014, and claimed to be the Japanese MeSH included in the UMLS. However, while the data download is not free, and the price is not made public.

The Japanese Association of Medical Sciences (JAMS, *Nihon Igakkai*) provides an English-Japanese/Japanese-English medical dictionary online (<http://jams.med.or.jp/dic/mdic.html>), to registered users, for searching. Download of data, however, is not available. The latest version of the online dictionary (November 2016) has 71,067 Japanese terms and 70,103 English terms, corresponding to 50,088 concepts. The terms in MeSH (and their translation to Japanese) are marked as such, and the top of the MeSH tree numbers (e.g., C14 for *abdominal aortic aneurysm*, whose tree numbers are C14.907.055.239.075 and C14.907.109.139.075) are provided. This MeSH coding is based on MeSH 2014.

The Life Science Dictionary (<https://lsd-project.jp/cgi-bin/lsdproj/ejlookup04.pl>) \[[@b2-gi-2019-17-2-e16]\] is developed and regularly updated at Kyoto University. The dictionary actually consists of three mutually linked components: the English-Japanese/Japanese-English dictionary, the thesaurus, and the corpus. The English-Japanese/Japanese-English dictionary has 117,857 English terms and 132,100 Japanese terms. The entries have been assigned ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, version 10) codes, and a link to the thesaurus, where applicable. The thesaurus is a subset of English terms in the dictionary which have corresponding entries in MeSH (the current thesaurus is based on MeSH 2018), organized in the MeSH hierarchy, with synonyms both in English and Japanese, and related terms, based on co-ocurrences in PubMed abstracts. The corpus is a KWIC (keyword in context) of English terms in PubMed articles, generated on-demand. The dictionary, the thesaurus, and the corpus can all be searched freely, without registration, but downloading them requires an extra license agreement. In addition, the Life Science Dictionary converted to a Resource Description Framework (RDF) format is maintained by the Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS, <http://lsd.dbcls.jp/portal/>), available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported license (<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/>).

The Interlinking Ontology for Biological Concepts (IOBC) \[[@b3-gi-2019-17-2-e16]\] is a derivative of the JST-thesaurus (i.e., the thesaurus for indexing general science and technology publications used by the Japan Science and Technology Agency \[JST\]). This derivative was developed by the National Bioscience Database Center of JST, and is available from the NCBO BioPortal (<https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/IOBC>) under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International license (<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/>). This IOBC has 153,160 concepts, from the life sciences and related categories (such as chemistry), from the JST thesaurus 2015 version, written in both English and Japanese. Among them, 12,780 concepts also have corresponding MeSH UIDs. However, the MeSH information in the IOBC has not been updated from the one in the JST thesaurus 2015 version. The JST thesaurus itself is updated, and can be freely searched via web interface, although data download is not allowed. The JST also has the RDF version of the thesaurus, and its SPARQL endpoint was available to registered users of the service "J-Global Knowledge," which unfortunately, has been discontinued.

Of these dictionaries, the JAMAS Thesaurus, JAMS Dictionary, and Life Science Dictionary are targeted to readers to seek information on already known terms, but cannot be searched by applications (such as morphological analysis), where the systems must find unspecified terms, over a broader context. Since creating derivatives of these dictionaries is not allowed for free, adapting them for NLP processes (such as morphological analysis), and especially making the results open, is very difficult. The IOBC does allow creation of derivatives, but only for non-commercial purposes, and its MeSH information is not updated, at least in the current version.

Toward an Open Alternative of Japanese MeSH
===========================================

In BLAH5, a small experiment was conducted as an attempt to map Japanese medical terms to MeSH, using open English-Japanese vocabularies, by first mapping Japanese terms to English terms, and the resulting English terms mapped to concepts in MeSH, which have the term as either its heading or one of its entry terms.

In our endeavor, we first used the English Wikipedia. From this, we retrieved Wikipedia entries (via DBpedia), with MeSH UIDs in the infobox, and Japanese language links were retrieved. The number of English Wikipedia entries with the MeSH UIDs was 2,719, of which 1,136 had links to Japanese Wikipedia entries. The number of distinct MeSH UIDs was 1,102, of which 1,075 were assigned to one Wikipedia entry. The remaining 27 UIDs were mapped to more than one term, but the relationships of the terms assigned the same UID were not always synonymous. Those other undesirable relationships included hypernym-hyponym (e.g., D003117 for *Dichromacy* and *Color blindness*; dichromacy is a type of color blindness) and cause-results (e.g., D006471), for *Gastrointestinal bleeding* and *Hematochezia*; hematochezia is a result of gastrointestinal bleeding). Further investigation is left for future work.

Second, use of open English-Japanese glossaries, for Japanese-English mapping and matching of English terms to the MeSH UID, was attempted. For this preliminary experiment, the MeSpEN English-Japanese glossary, a part of the multilingual medical glossary \[[@b4-gi-2019-17-2-e16]\], developed by the Spanish National Cancer Research Center and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (the version in this experiment was downloaded from <http://temu.bsc.es/mespen/downloads/glossaries.tar.gz>), was used. The English-Japanese glossary had 27,668 entries, although 18,325 unique English-Japanese ones were duplicate entries. Simple (lower-cased) matching against MH (heading) and MN (entry terms) of the MeSH 2018 descriptors, assigned the MeSH UIDs to 5,866 English-Japanese pairs. From this process, the number of unique MeSH UIDs assigned to these pairs was 2,955, and matched the remaining pairs to MeSH 2018 supplementary concepts (having assigned UIDs), leaving a remaining 1,725 pairs (1,173 unique UIDs).

Conclusion
==========

In this study, dictionaries for assigning MeSH information to Japanese medical terms was investigated. Although there are limited numbers of Japanese-English dictionaries that assign MeSH IDs (i.e., tree numbers) to Japanese terms, using them for NLP applications is not simple, due to license restrictions. An alternative approach, using open-source resources, was attempted, and yielded a partial success. Using other open resources, and qualitative evaluation of our results, will be the subject of future work.

**Conflicts of Interest**

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

I am grateful to Dina Demner-Fushman, Nigel Collier, Martin Krallinger, Mizuki Morita, and Yasunori Yamamoto for their suggestions.