A devastating earthquake hit the state capital.

A devastating earthquake hit to the state capital.


Massachusetts ASTON MAGNA Great Barrington ; also at Bard College , Annandale-on-Hudson , N.Y. , July 1-Aug .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> organization <extra_id_5> Bard College <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Annandale-on-Hudson <extra_id_0> contains <extra_id_5> Bard College <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Annandale-on-Hudson

Bard College

Annandale-on-Hudson

Bard College


North Carolina EASTERN MUSIC FESTIVAL Greensboro , June 25-July 30 .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> North Carolina <extra_id_0> contains <extra_id_5> Greensboro <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Greensboro <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

North Carolina

Greensboro

North Carolina

Greensboro


It will be the final movie credited to Debra Hill , a film producer and native of Haddonfield , who produced " Halloween " and was considered a pioneering woman in film .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Debra Hill <extra_id_0> place of birth <extra_id_5> Haddonfield <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Haddonfield <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Debra Hill

Haddonfield

Debra Hill

Haddonfield


In a 3-0 victory over the Crew on Saturday in Columbus , Ohio , goalkeeper Zach Wells stopped Kyle Martino 's penalty kick , only the third unsuccessful penalty in 20 attempts in M.L.S. this season .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Columbus <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Ohio <extra_id_0> contains <extra_id_5> Columbus <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Ohio

Columbus

Ohio

Columbus


The United States ambassador to Mexico , Tony Garza , said in a statement that he had directed the American Consulate in Nuevo Laredo to reopen on Monday , a week after he ordered it closed because of " rampant violence " along the northern border , including a gun battle in the city in which warring drug gangs used bazookas .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Mexico <extra_id_0> contains <extra_id_5> Nuevo Laredo <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Nuevo Laredo <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Mexico

Nuevo Laredo

Mexico

Nuevo Laredo


Under pressure from Mr. Kerkorian and other disgruntled shareholders , Mr. Wagoner started talks on Friday in Detroit with Carlos Ghosn , the chief executive of Renault and Nissan .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> person <extra_id_5> Carlos Ghosn <extra_id_0> company <extra_id_5> Renault <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> organization <extra_id_5> Renault <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Carlos Ghosn

Renault

Carlos Ghosn

Renault


Mr. Ferrer still holds commanding leads over the other two Democrats in the race -- United States Representative Anthony D. Weiner of Brooklyn and Queens , and City Council Speaker Gifford Miller -- and is also ahead of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg in most polls .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> person <extra_id_5> Anthony D. Weiner <extra_id_0> place lived <extra_id_5> Brooklyn <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> place lived <extra_id_5> Queens <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Brooklyn <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Queens <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Anthony D. Weiner

Brooklyn

Queens

Anthony D. Weiner

Brooklyn

Anthony D. Weiner

Queens


United States Representative Charles B. Rangel said yesterday that he would endorse C. Virginia Fields in New York City 's Democratic mayoral primary , giving her a jolt of momentum and delivering a setback to the efforts of Fernando Ferrer , the former Bronx borough president , to win black support .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> person <extra_id_5> Charles B. Rangel <extra_id_0> place of birth <extra_id_5> New York City <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> place lived <extra_id_5> New York City <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> New York City <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

Charles B. Rangel

New York City

Charles B. Rangel

New York City

Charles B. Rangel

New York City


These are tough changes , and some of them will be quite controversial among our colleagues here , " Senator Joseph I. Lieberman , Democrat of Connecticut , said Thursday as he endorsed a plan developed by Senator John McCain , Republican of Arizona , after his hearings into Mr. Abramoff 's bilking of Indian tribes through a lobbying operation .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> person <extra_id_5> John McCain <extra_id_0> place lived <extra_id_5> Arizona <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Arizona <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

John McCain

Arizona

John McCain

Arizona


Quebec , Canada 's second most populous province , after Ontario , has not decided to go that far .

<extra_id_0> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Canada <extra_id_0> contains <extra_id_5> Ontario <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> administrative divisions <extra_id_5> Ontario <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_0> location <extra_id_5> Ontario <extra_id_0> country <extra_id_5> Canada <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1> <extra_id_1>

country
administrative divisions
contains

Ontario

Canada

Ontario

Canada

Canada

Ontario

Canada

Ontario


We ought to talk over together this evening why human beings who have lived for over four thousand years, are behaving as they are, what has happened to them, what has happened to each one of us that we don't lead an orderly, sane, balanced life. We have created this society which is immoral, unethical, corrupt, destructive. Each one of us has contributed to it, and if there is to be a radical change in the social structure, we have to begin with ourselves, not with politics, not with Marxism or some kind of retreat from the present. We have to put order in our house first. We are disorderly, violent, confused, lonely. So we are going to talk over this evening what is total order, if there is any kind of love, what is compassion, whether sorrow can ever end, the sorrow of human beings right throughout the world.


We are talking over together - you and the speaker - our problems amicably, without any resistance, not agreeing but exploring, investigating, seeing why we live such disorderly lives and why we accept things as they are. We are not advocating or talking about physical violence, physical revolution. On the contrary, such revolutions have never produced a good society. We are talking about human behaviour, why man is what he is. We cannot blame the environment, we cannot blame the politicians or the scientists. That is a very easy escape, but what we ought to be concerned with is why somewhat intelligent people, somewhat educated people, lead such disorderly lives. So our question is, what is disorder? A confused mind, a confused life, cannot find what is order. Could we together find out for ourselves what causes disorder in our lives, what brings about a society which is utterly disordered? What is disorder? What is the nature and the structure of disorder? There is disorder, isn't there? Where there is contradiction - saying one thing and doing something totally different - there is bound to be disorder. I wonder if one is aware of this. Then, there is conflict, disorder, when we are pursuing ideals - whether political ideals, religious ideals or our own projection of what we think we ought to be. That is, where there is division between actually what is happening in ourselves and neglecting that and pursuing an ideal, that is one of the causes of disorder. Another cause in the psychological, so-called inward life, is to pursue authority, the authority of a book, the authority of a guru, the authority of so-called spiritual people. We accept very easily authority in our inward life. Of course, you have to accept the authority of the scientists, of the technocrat, the doctor, the surgeon. But inwardly, psychologically, why do we accept authority at all? This is an important question to ask. We will come back to it.


We are asking what are the causes of disorder. We said pursuing an ideal is disorder, accepting authority of another in the world of the mind, the inward psychological state, is disorder. One of the other causes of disorder is the everlasting attempt to become something inwardly. So, perhaps these and other causes bring about disorder. We are going to investigate each one of them. Why do we have ideals at all? What is an ideal? Originally the root meaning of that word 'idea' was to observe, to look, to seek. But we have translated it as a projection of a particular concept brought about by thought, and that is the ideal and the ideal is far more important and the pursuit of that ideal becomes all-consuming when you totally neglect 'what is.' 'What is' is important. not the ideal. We are using the word, 'what is,' in the sense what is actually happening, both outwardly and inwardly. We are violent, as most human beings are. To have an ideal of non-violence has no reality, has no validity, but what has validity, reality, is the fact that we are violent, and to deal with that violence not in terms of ideals and patterns. Perhaps, in this country, the pursuit of non-violence which is an illusion has deprived us of our energy to look at actually what is going on.


We never look at 'what is'. We want to change what is taking place to something else. This has been the process of centuries upon centuries. The political ideal, the religious ideal, the ideal that one has created for oneself, an end, a goal - and the goal, the end, the ideal, becomes extraordinarily important and not what is actually happening. That is, the 'what is' is being transformed into 'what should be'. Then there is struggle, there is disorder. Whereas, if we give our attention to 'what is', and the 'what is' is violence, hatred, antagonism, brutality, we can deal with it. We are concerned to discover the causes of disorder. We are saying that one of the major factors of disorder in life is trying to transform or change 'what is' into 'what should be'. The 'what should be' is totally unreal, but 'what is' is all-important. If I am greedy, I have to enquire into the nature of greed, whether that greed can really have an end or it must continue and not have the ideal of non-greed. To see the illusory nature of 'what is', is the beginning of intelligence.


Then there is division in us, there is duality, the opposite. Is there an opposite at all? There is opposite as light and darkness, tall and short, and so on. Basically, is there an opposite at all? We say there is an opposite in the world of psyche, in the world of spirit. We say there is the good and the bad, the good and the evil. Is good the opposite of evil? If it is the opposite, then it has its root in its own opposite. If evil is the opposite of the good, then that evil has a relationship with the good. The opposite is put together by thought. Either the good is totally divorced from evil or it is the outcome, the opposite, the invention, of thought as the good. So what is the good? Let us enquire into that.


What is the good? According to the dictionary, the common usage of that word means good behaviour, good in the sense of being whole, not fragmented but having that sense or understanding of the nature of the wholeness of life, and in that there is no fragmentation as the evil. But if evil is the outcome of the good, then that evil has a relationship with the good. We are enquiring together if there is an opposite in our life, if there is hate and love. Can love have a relationship with hate, with jealousy? If hate has a relationship with love, then it is not love. Obviously. If I hate someone, and at the same time talk about love, it is incompatible. The two don't meet. We are questioning, is there an opposite at all? Where there is an opposite, there must be conflict. I hate, and also I think I love him. The opposite of hate is not love. The opposite of hate is still hate.


So, that is one of the factors of disorder in our life: the ideal, the opposite and the acceptance of so-called spiritual authority. There is the authority of law, the authority of government, the authority of a policeman, the authority of a good surgeon. But psychologically, inwardly, why do we accept authority - the authority of the priest, the authority of a book, the authority of a guru? When we follow somebody and be guided by somebody, guided what to believe and what not to believe, to accept his system of enlightenment and so on, what is happening to our own brain, to our own inward state? You are my guru. You tell me what to do, what to think, what to believe and the various steps I must take to attain enlightenment or whatever they call it, and I, rather gullible, want to escape from my life which is disorderly, corrupt, insecure. I trust the guru. I give him my life and say I surrender, I give part of my life in attaining that enlightenment. Why do I do that? Because I want some kind of security, some kind of assurance, that I will have some day some kind of happiness, some kind of release from my daily worries and misery. The guru gives you an assurance and you feel satisfied. But you never question the guru, you never doubt what he is saying, you never discuss with him; you accept. That has been the condition of human beings right throughout the world for millions of years. The interpreter between god and you, between that which is holy and you - and you, wanting comfort, security, will accept him without a single doubt.


Now, to question spiritual authority - whether it is Christian authority or the spiritual authority of Islam with their book, or your guru with his statement - to question, to doubt it, is to rely entirely on yourself, be a light to oneself, and that light cannot be lit by another. It requires your questioning, your demanding, of not only the outer, the spiritual authority, but of yourself - why you believe - so that your own mind becomes clear, strong, vital, so that there is energy for creative activity. But when you follow somebody, your brain becomes dull, routine, mechanical, which is the very destructive nature of the human mind, or human brain. So please see why this disorder exists in our life, and when you begin to investigate into this disorder, then out of that disorder comes order. When there is the dissipation of causes of disorder, there is order. Then you don't have to pursue what is order. Order is virtue, order means freedom.


We have to enquire also into what is freedom. We have said that where there is order in our life, total order, that order is virtue and that very order is freedom. The word 'freedom' is misused by everybody. There is freedom from something and there is freedom. Freedom from something is not freedom. We will go into that. I am a prisoner, prisoner of my own ideas, of my own theories, of my own conceptions, and my brain is a prisoner to that. Then freedom is, to be free from my prison to fall into another prison. I free myself from one particular conditioning and, unknowingly or unconsciously, fall into another conditioning. So freedom is from something; from anger, from jealousy; all that is not freedom at all. Freedom means free, not from something. This requires a great deal of enquiry, which is, our brain is conditioned like a computer, programmed to be a Hindu, programmed to be a Muslim, Christian, and so on. The computer is programmed; our brain has been programmed for thousands of years, which is our conditioning. Freedom is the ending of that conditioning. Where there is an end to conditioning, then only there is freedom. Without having that freedom, there must be disorder. So the ideal, the opposite, the pursuit of spiritual authority and accepting the conditioning that we are Hindus, Muslims and so on - all that brings disorder. When there is an end to that, there is order. You will say that it is impossible, impossible not to follow somebody because you are so uncertain, so insecure, and you are willing to follow somebody so easily, which means your brain is becoming dull, inactive. You may be active physically, but psychologically, inwardly, you cease to be active.


We ought to talk over together sorrow, whether there is an end to sorrow. When there is an end to sorrow, then only there is love, then only there is compassion. What is sorrow, grief, pain, a feeling of loneliness, the sense of isolation? What is the nature of sorrow? What is the cause of sorrow. which is pain, fear, a sense of desperate loneliness? Why have human beings, from time immemorial, suffered and are still suffering, not from physical pain, some fatal disease or a feeling of utter rejection, but from the nature of suffering inwardly - the pain, the fears and the escape from it? I wonder if we have realized that for the last thousand years there have been many wars, and how many people have cried, mothers have shed tears! The pain, the anxiety, the hope, all that constitute sorrow, and this sorrow exists in all the days of our life, and we never seem to be free of it, completely ending that sorrow.


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.

Question: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?

Answer: Saint Bernadette Soubirous


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building?

Answer: a copper statue of Christ


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure?

Answer: the Main Building


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the Grotto at Notre Dame?

Answer: a Marian place of prayer and reflection


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame?

Answer: a golden statue of the Virgin Mary


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.

Question: When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?

Answer: September 1876


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?

Answer: twice


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called?

Answer: The Observer


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame?

Answer: three


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?

Answer: 1987


The agreement in question involves number in [[ nouns ]] and << reflexive pronouns >> and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English , like grammatical gender in languages such as French , is partly arbitrary .


The agreement in question involves number in nouns and reflexive pronouns and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English , like [[ grammatical gender ]] in << languages >> such as French , is partly arbitrary .


The agreement in question involves number in nouns and reflexive pronouns and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English , like grammatical gender in << languages >> such as [[ French ]] , is partly arbitrary .


In this paper , a novel [[ method ]] to learn the << intrinsic object structure >> for robust visual tracking is proposed .


In this paper , a novel method to learn the [[ intrinsic object structure ]] for << robust visual tracking >> is proposed .


The basic assumption is that the << parameterized object state >> lies on a [[ low dimensional manifold ]] and can be learned from training data .


Based on this assumption , firstly we derived the [[ dimensionality reduction and density estimation algorithm ]] for << unsupervised learning of object intrinsic representation >> , the obtained non-rigid part of object state reduces even to 2 dimensions .


Secondly the << dynamical model >> is derived and trained based on this [[ intrinsic representation ]] .


Thirdly the learned [[ intrinsic object structure ]] is integrated into a << particle-filter style tracker >> .


We will show that this intrinsic object representation has some interesting properties and based on which the newly derived [[ dynamical model ]] makes << particle-filter style tracker >> more robust and reliable .


Come on, baby, lets go get another fucking stain
Beat them- beat them with the chain, feelin good up in the rain
Thera- therapy, Ill be killing bitches til the end of me
Choking on your words, tell you when its gonna hurt
Ima break your heart, Freddie gonna make you fuckin split apart
What the fuck was that, Fredd-?
Get up, get up, get up, get up, get up, bitch
Consequences heavy, are you bitches ready?
Step into my Chevy, aimin very steady
Calm down, you aint scared now
You accept your fate, you cant relate, you bow down
Stop that bitchin shit, you never know who got the clip
Aimin at your head, dead, gonna put your ass to bed
Night, night, bitch, yous a light bitch
Freddie bright, bitch, murk a fuckin snitch
Rest in peace, mane, take a load off
Cold in your damn grave, I think I got a cough
Shit, Im sick, I got it from your blood
These bitches always try to fuck with me, Im in the mud
Lets try to sort that out, I promise you I will go easy
Your carcass fuckin freezing, trickin you, it was so easy
I dont want a bitch or a ho, I think you just gotta go
Meet me at the corner store, gonna leave you wantin more
Little suckers always comin up to me
What you tryna say, you little bitch? Ill end your day
I dont want a bitch or a ho, I think you just gotta go
Meet me at the corner store, gonna leave you wantin more
Little suckers always comin up to me
What you tryna say, you little bitch? Ill end your day


Dont act like you dont know Big Narstie said dont fuck up the base
If you dont know my crew by now then, rudeboy-DOOMSHOP mothafucker
If you dont know my crew by now then rudeboy, check out the goons
Test one of us man then Ill definitely snap man into two
Dont act like you dont know Big Narstie said dont fuck up the base
Test one of us man then Ill definitely snap man into two
Picked up the dope
Smoke then I know, whats in ya dome
And then bitch Im all alone
Sick and tired of bitches actin like they wanna know me
Freddie aint no phony, try to check me its a warning
Picked up the dope
Smoke then I know, whats in ya dome
And then bitch Im all alone
Sick and tired of bitches actin like they wanna know me
Freddie aint no phony, try to check me its a warning
Tie- tie the rope
The bitches wanna cope
I can see the pain, its in your face, you end it now you damn disgrace
Its heavy, the setting, I think you almost ready
Now hang up on that noose, your neck looks like a goose
Cannot run, from darkness it will always follow you
End it now and pay the due
Now you lookin like a foo
Think you are a demon? But you really just a bitch
Think of all this devil shit, test the Freddie damn thats it
Pull the trigg mayne, the bitches want fame
Step in my lane, now Freddie end the game
Boof, what Im smokin on, life what you trippin on
Fuck the chase, Ima keep it real and bust up on the snakes
Why you hate? Look at this you goofy, you a fuckin fake
Goin through the jungle, I will end you with the fucking rake
My nerves, are tingling
Got the thrill, its sickening
The blood, its in my hair I dont really give a care
I will never turn it in
Carcass rottin in the bin
Feel the ghost, you shiverin
Devil lookin over them
Think of evil not today
Can you please just go away?
Sniffin beans and smokin dope, only way these bitches cope
Picked up the dope
Smoke then I know, whats in ya dome
And then bitch Im all alone
Sick and tired of bitches actin like they wanna know me
Freddie aint no phony, try to check me its a warning
Picked up the dope
Smoke then I know, whats in ya dome
And then bitch Im all alone
Sick and tired of bitches actin like they wanna know me
Freddie aint no phony, try to check me its a warning
Dont act like you dont know Big Narstie said dont fuck up the base
If you dont know my crew by now then rudeboy, check out the goons
If you dont know my crew by now then rudeboy, check out the goons
Test one of us man then Ill definitely snap man into two
Dont act like you dont know Big Narstie said dont fuck up the base
If you dont know my crew by now then rudeboy, check out the goons
If you dont know my crew by now then rudeboy, check out the goons
Test one of us man then Ill definitely snap man into two


Hello, Im Bob Ross
And Id like to welcome you to the 20th Joy of Painting series
Son-of-a gun, its hard for me to believe this is the 20th series
But it, it is and Id like to thank you very much for inviting me back
For another series of paint-
Once was a killer
And I got to butcher crips
Run up in your shit
Gonna let you take a dip
In my evil fantasy
Wont you run and come with me
To the deep, deep part of
More than you can see
Im a ghost, Im a demon
And Im seekin when youre dreamin
For a new cause
Hit the pause
Lookin for a new job
Wake up with the bed
While you pussies try to slay
Im the Freddie mayne
Fuck the game
Looking for a new bang
Oh shit
What the hell you talkin bout bitch?
Its the new way
Freddie made
Bout to make a separate lane
Oh my god yous a bitch motherfucker
Why you try to play me like a bitch motherfucker?
Hold this bust of indica
Bout to come and fuck it up
Freddie know theres something up
And you know Im bout to bust
Oh my god yous a bitch motherfucker
Whyd you try to play me like a bitch motherfucker?
Listen bitch, you tryna smoke
Try to smoke the holy ghost
If I hear you fucking choke
Damn this bitch has gotta go


I kill the bitches on my dick, you know
I cock it back and let it hit, you know
I sniffin blow and smokin dope, you hoe
I take yo shit and run across the globe
Aint no pressin me, you know it is the double-d
Im gonna come up breathing fire
I dont think I can get higher
Cool, damn, chilling with the bitches, Im a villain
Got a number on my head, why the people want me dead?
Freddie movin, askin all these bitches why they groovin
Bumpin all my tracks, you bout to get the cack-a-lack
Stacked up with the shop, and you know I pop it off
What the fuck you talkin bout? Ima end it with a pow
I kill the bitches on my dick, you know
I cock it back and let it hit, you know
I sniffin blow and smokin dope, you hoe
I take yo shit and run across the globe
I kill the bitches on my dick, you know
I cock it back and let it hit, you know
I sniffin blow and smokin dope, you hoe
I take yo shit and run across the globe


Context: Within the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, commensal flora serve as biological barriers by competing with pathogenic bacteria for food and space and, in some cases, by changing the conditions in their environment, such as pH or available iron. This reduces the probability that pathogens will reach sufficient numbers to cause illness. However, since most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi, oral antibiotics can lead to an "overgrowth" of fungi and cause conditions such as a vaginal candidiasis (a yeast infection). There is good evidence that re-introduction of probiotic flora, such as pure cultures of the lactobacilli normally found in unpasteurized yogurt, helps restore a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children and encouraging preliminary data in studies on bacterial gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, urinary tract infection and post-surgical infections.

Question: What serves as a biological barrier by competing for space and food in the GI tract?

commensal flora
commensal flora
commensal flora


Context: Loudoun, a capable administrator but a cautious field commander, planned one major operation for 1757: an attack on New France's capital, Quebec. Leaving a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm, he began organizing for the expedition to Quebec. He was then ordered by William Pitt, the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies, to attack Louisbourg first. Beset by delays of all kinds, the expedition was finally ready to sail from Halifax, Nova Scotia in early August. In the meantime French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry.

Question: Given the strength of French forces at Louisbourg, what did Loudoun do?


Context: Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world. As of September 2011[update], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession. It was worth $32 billion in 2011, up from $28 billion in September 2010 and $26 billion in 2009. It suffered about 30% loss in 2008-09. In December 2008, Harvard announced that its endowment had lost 22% (approximately $8 billion) from July to October 2008, necessitating budget cuts. Later reports suggest the loss was actually more than double that figure, a reduction of nearly 50% of its endowment in the first four months alone. Forbes in March 2009 estimated the loss to be in the range of $12 billion. One of the most visible results of Harvard's attempt to re-balance its budget was their halting of construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex that had been scheduled to be completed by 2011, resulting in protests from local residents. As of 2012[update], Harvard University had a total financial aid reserve of $159 million for students, and a Pell Grant reserve of $4.093 million available for disbursement.

Question: What amount did Harvard cut from their 2012 financial aid reserve?


Context: Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are caused by increased blood flow into tissue. Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins that produce fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation, and leukotrienes that attract certain white blood cells (leukocytes). Common cytokines include interleukins that are responsible for communication between white blood cells; chemokines that promote chemotaxis; and interferons that have anti-viral effects, such as shutting down protein synthesis in the host cell. Growth factors and cytotoxic factors may also be released. These cytokines and other chemicals recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promote healing of any damaged tissue following the removal of pathogens.

Question: What cytokines are responsible for communication between white blood cells?


Context: In 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country. The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory, and construct a fort for their protection. But, as the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania, both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims. In 1750 Christopher Gist, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians, through their "Half-King" Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative, agreed to terms that included permission to build a "strong house" at the mouth of the Monongahela River (the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley, and kept it as hunting ground by right of conquest.

Question: When did British government give land for development of Ohio Country?


Context: Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. For example, E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills.

Question: What were Protestant's contributions to the United State economic life?


Context: Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians (which include almost all other animals). Unlike sponges, both ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes; muscles; nervous systems; and some have sensory organs. Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.

Question: Which phylum is more complex than sponges?


Context: Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release. In principle, this means that any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included. In an area of science where our scientific understanding is rapidly changing, this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science. However, there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report to the next.[citation needed]

Question: Who is seen as the ultimate climate change authority?


Context: After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of sharia law, torture and mass imprisonment of the opposition, and an intensification of the long-running war in southern Sudan, once in power. The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden for a time (before 9/11), and worked to unify Islamist opposition to the American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War.

Question: What did the NIF try to unify Islamist opposition against?

American attack on Iraq
the American attack on Iraq
American attack on Iraq


Context: For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee and the NFL have openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in Business Connect, the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl. The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health.

Question: How much money has been raised by the host committee?

$40 million
over $40 million
$40 million


Context: In December 1901, Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland, terminating Tesla's relationship with Morgan.[improper synthesis?] Over the next five years, Tesla wrote over 50 letters to Morgan, pleading for and demanding additional funding to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe. Tesla continued the project for another nine months. The tower was erected to its full 187 feet (57 m). In July 1903, Tesla wrote to Morgan that in addition to wireless communication, Wardenclyffe would be capable of wireless transmission of electric power. On 14 October 1904, Morgan finally replied through his secretary, stating, "It will be impossible for [me] to do anything in the matter," after Tesla had written to Morgan when the financier was meeting with the Archbishop of Canterbury in an attempt to appeal to his Christian spirit.

Question: How much correspondence did Tesla send Morgan in the five years following 1901?

over 50 letters
over 50 letters
50 letters


Context: European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties. The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties.

Question: What is European Union Law?


Context: If the input size is n, the time taken can be expressed as a function of n. Since the time taken on different inputs of the same size can be different, the worst-case time complexity T(n) is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n. If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm. Cobham's thesis says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm.

Question: Whose thesis states that the solution to a problem is solvable with reasonable resources assuming it allows for a polynomial time algorithm?


Context: In addition to those actors who have headlined the series, others have portrayed versions of the Doctor in guest roles. Notably, in 2013, John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor in the run-up to the show's 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor". He is shown in mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor" to have been retroactively inserted into the show's fictional chronology between McGann and Eccleston's Doctors, although his introduction was written so as not to disturb the established numerical naming of the Doctors. Another example is from the 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord, where Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard, who is described as an amalgamation of the darker sides of the Doctor's nature, somewhere between his twelfth and final incarnation.

Question: What actor played the Valeyard?

Michael Jayston
Michael Jayston
Michael Jayston


Context: The development of plate tectonics provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries. Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart. Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as convergent boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also provided a mechanism for Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, in which the continents move across the surface of the Earth over geologic time. They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation, and a new setting for the observations of structural geology. The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle.

Question: The lithosphere moves over which mantle n the theory of plate tectonics?

the convecting mantle
convecting mantle
convecting
convecting


Context: Tesla read many works, memorizing complete books, and supposedly possessed a photographic memory.:33 He was a polyglot, speaking eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282 Tesla related in his autobiography that he experienced detailed moments of inspiration. During his early life, Tesla was repeatedly stricken with illness. He suffered a peculiar affliction in which blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by visions.:33 Often, the visions were linked to a word or idea he might have come across; at other times they would provide the solution to a particular problem he had encountered. Just by hearing the name of an item, he would be able to envision it in realistic detail.:33 Tesla would visualize an invention in his mind with extreme precision, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage, a technique sometimes known as picture thinking. He typically did not make drawings by hand but worked from memory. Beginning in his childhood, Tesla had frequent flashbacks to events that had happened previously in his life.:33

Question: What other visual phenomena accompanied Tesla's visions?

flashbacks
blinding flashes of light
blinding flashes of light


Question: Ctenophores are less complex than what other group?


Context: The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry. Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies as well.

Question: What is the name given to the district that is associated with the motion picture industry?


Context: A second period of international expansion is linked to that of the ESPN network in the 1990s, and policies enacted in the 2000s by Disney Media Networks (which included the expansion of several of the company's U.S.-based cable networks including Disney Channel and its spinoffs Toon Disney, Playhouse Disney and Jetix; although Disney also sold its 33% stake in European sports channel Eurosport for $155 million in June 2000). In contrast to Disney's other channels, ABC is broadcast in the United States, although the network's programming is syndicated in many countries. The policy regarding wholly owned international networks was revived in 2004 when on September 27 of that year, ABC announced the launch of ABC1, a free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group. However, on September 8, 2007, Disney announced that it would discontinue ABC1 citing to the channel's inability to attain sustainable viewership. With ABC1's shutdown that October, the company's attempt to develop ABC International were discontinued.

Question: When was ABC1 discontinued because of low viewership?

September 8, 2007
September 8, 2007
September 8, 2007


Context: Like mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy. The two photosystems capture light energy to energize electrons taken from water, and release them down an electron transport chain. The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, creating a concentration gradient, with more hydrogen ions (up to a thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma. The hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase. ATP synthase uses the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Because chloroplast ATP synthase projects out into the stroma, the ATP is synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions.

Question: What does ATP synthase change into ATP?

phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate
phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate
energy from the flowing hydrogen ions


Context: There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants. As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs (Xuanzheng Yuan) was set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) to supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire. Since Kublai Khan only esteemed the Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism, other religions became less important. He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court. Before the end of the Yuan dynasty, 14 leaders of the Sakya sect had held the post of Imperial Preceptor, thereby enjoying special power. Furthermore, Mongol patronage of Buddhism resulted in a number of monuments of Buddhist art. Mongolian Buddhist translations, almost all from Tibetan originals, began on a large scale after 1300. Many Mongols of the upper class such as the Jalayir and the Oronar nobles as well as the emperors also patronized Confucian scholars and institutions. A considerable number of Confucian and Chinese historical works were translated into the Mongolian language.

Question: What was Kublai's favorite sect of Tibetan Buddhism?


Context: In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbors. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honor, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School.

Question: What town was actually granted to the Huguenots on arrival?


Context: Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.

Question: What is located within this district?


Use max number of data files to infer module

When inferring the module for datasets without script, set a maximum number of iterations over data files.

This PR fixes the issue of taking too long when hundred of data files present.

Please, feel free to agree on both numbers:
```
# Datasets without script
DATA_FILES_MAX_NUMBER = 10
ARCHIVED_DATA_FILES_MAX_NUMBER = 5
```

Fix #3404.


Fix module inference for archive with a directory

Fix module inference for an archive file that contains files within a directory.

Fix #3405.


ZIP format inference does not work when files located in a dir inside the archive

bug

Something isn't working

## Describe the bug
When a zipped file contains archived files within a directory, the function `infer_module_for_data_files_in_archives` does not work.

It only works for files located in the root directory of the ZIP file.

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
infer_module_for_data_files_in_archives(["path/to/zip/file.zip"], False)
```


Optimize ZIP format inference

enhancement

New feature or request

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
When hundreds of ZIP files are present in a dataset, format inference takes too long.

See: https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/data_tooling/issues/232#issuecomment-986685497

**Describe the solution you'd like**
Iterate over a maximum number of files.

CC: @lhoestq


Cannot import name 'maybe_sync'

bug

Something isn't working

## Describe the bug
Cannot seem to import datasets when running run_summarizer.py script on a VM set up on ovhcloud

## Steps to reproduce the bug
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
```

## Expected results
No error

## Actual results
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/__init__.py", line 34, in <module>
    from .arrow_dataset import Dataset, concatenate_datasets
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/arrow_dataset.py", line 48, in <module>
    from .arrow_writer import ArrowWriter, OptimizedTypedSequence
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 27, in <module>
    from .features import (
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/features/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .audio import Audio
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/features/audio.py", line 8, in <module>
    from ..utils.streaming_download_manager import xopen
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/utils/streaming_download_manager.py", line 16, in <module>
    from ..filesystems import COMPRESSION_FILESYSTEMS
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/filesystems/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
    from .s3filesystem import S3FileSystem  # noqa: F401
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/datasets/filesystems/s3filesystem.py", line 1, in <module>
    import s3fs
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/s3fs/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .core import S3FileSystem, S3File
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/s3fs/core.py", line 11, in <module>
    from fsspec.asyn import AsyncFileSystem, sync, sync_wrapper, maybe_sync
ImportError: cannot import name 'maybe_sync' from 'fsspec.asyn' (/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py)

## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `datasets-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below. -->
- `datasets` version: 1.16.0
- Platform: OVH Cloud Tesla V100 Machine
- Python version: 3.7.9
- PyArrow version: 6.0.1


More robust first elem check in encode/cast example

Fix #3306


Add Wikimedia pre-processed datasets

dataset request

Requesting to add a new dataset

## Adding a Dataset
- **Name:** Add pre-processed data to:
  - *wikimedia/wikipedia*: https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia
  - *wikimedia/wikisource*: https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikisource
- **Description:** Add pre-processed data to the Hub for all languages
- **Paper:** *link to the dataset paper if available*
- **Data:** *link to the Github repository or current dataset location*
- **Motivation:** This will be very useful for the NLP community, as the pre-processing has a high cost for lot of researchers (both in computation and in knowledge)

Instructions to add a new dataset can be found [here](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/ADD_NEW_DATASET.md).

CC: @geohci, @yjernite


Improve Wikipedia loading script

Requesting to add a new dataset

Thanks! See https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:Isaac_(WMF)/HuggingFace%20Wikipedia%20Processing.ipynb for more implementation details / some data around the overhead induced by adding the extra preprocessing steps (stripping link prefixes and magic words)

As reported by @geohci, the "wikipedia" processing/loading script could be improved by some additional small suggested processing functions:
- _extract_content(filepath):
  - Replace .startswith("#redirect") with more structured approach: if elem.find(f"./{namespace}redirect") is None: continue
- _parse_and_clean_wikicode(raw_content, parser):
  - Remove rm_template from cleaning -- this is redundant with .strip_code() from mwparserformhell
  - Build a language-specific list of namespace prefixes to filter out per below get_namespace_prefixes
  - Optional: strip prefixes like categories -- e.g., Category:Towns in Tianjin becomes Towns in Tianjin
  - Optional: strip magic words


Add Wikisource dataset

Requesting to add a new dataset

## Adding a Dataset
- **Name:** *wikisource*
- **Description:** *short description of the dataset (or link to social media or blog post)*
- **Paper:** *link to the dataset paper if available*
- **Data:** *link to the Github repository or current dataset location*
- **Motivation:** Additional high quality textual data, besides Wikipedia.

Add loading script as "canonical" dataset (as it is the case for ""wikipedia").

Instructions to add a new dataset can be found [here](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/ADD_NEW_DATASET.md).

CC: @geohci, @yjernite


Add URL field to Wikimedia dataset instances: wikipedia,...

Requesting to add a new dataset

As reported by @geohci, once we will host pre-processed data in the Hub, we should add the full URL to data instances (new field "url") in order to conform to proper attribution from license requirement. See, e.g.: https://fair-trec.github.io/docs/Fair_Ranking_2021_Participant_Instructions.pdf#subsection.3.2

This should be done for all pre-processed datasets under "wikimedia" org in the Hub: https://huggingface.co/wikimedia


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: The diminishing supply of this nonrenewable resource is not leading to advancements in automotive technology
A. petrol
B. steam
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: Lamps that convert electricity into light and heat aren't known as
A. candle
B. incadescent
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: Which is not needed for photosynthesis to occur
A. energy that takes 8.3 minutes to travel to Earth
B. the 8th entry on the periodic table
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: A creature that is not a biped and which regularly uses tools will occasionally enjoy munching on
A. chia seeds
B. old feces
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: One way to retain your own thermal energy is not to
A. wear fluffy socks
B. sit in snow
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: An extremely rapid surge of rising flood water that moves across usually dry land at about 30 feet or more each second is not powerful enough to
A. lift and carry a tall mountain
B. lift a 250-ton object off the ground
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: A thing's position is not altered when
A. thing feels moved emotionally
B. the thing adjusts its location
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: A pot of pasta is boiling on the stove, and the lid on top of the pot is shaking as the water boils more rapidly. A person goes to the stove and removes the pot, releasing steam into the air above, and so the steam is not
A. water vapor
B. cold air
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: A plant that gets extra minerals such as zinc aren't probably
A. placed in good soil
B. made out of soil
Answer:


The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about common sense.

Question: Which isn't more likely the result of a big earthquake
A. a big house
B. a mountain
Answer:


One of the other reviewers has mentioned that after watching just 1 Oz episode you'll be hooked. They are right, as this is exactly what happened with me.

The first thing that struck me about Oz was its brutality and unflinching scenes of violence, which set in right from the word GO. Trust me, this is not a show for the faint hearted or timid. This show pulls no punches with regards to drugs, sex or violence. Its is hardcore, in the classic use of the word.

It is called OZ as that is the nickname given to the Oswald Maximum Security State Penitentary. It focuses mainly on Emerald City, an experimental section of the prison where all the cells have glass fronts and face inwards, so privacy is not high on the agenda. Em City is home to many..Aryans, Muslims, gangstas, Latinos, Christians, Italians, Irish and more....so scuffles, death stares, dodgy dealings and shady agreements are never far away.

I would say the main appeal of the show is due to the fact that it goes where other shows wouldn't dare. Forget pretty pictures painted for mainstream audiences, forget charm, forget romance...OZ doesn't mess around. The first episode I ever saw struck me as so nasty it was surreal, I couldn't say I was ready for it, but as I watched more, I developed a taste for Oz, and got accustomed to the high levels of graphic violence. Not just violence, but injustice (crooked guards who'll be sold out for a nickel, inmates who'll kill on order and get away with it, well mannered, middle class inmates being turned into prison bitches due to their lack of street skills or prison experience) Watching Oz, you may become comfortable with what is uncomfortable viewing....thats if you can get in touch with your darker side.


A wonderful little production.

The filming technique is very unassuming- very old-time-BBC fashion and gives a comforting, and sometimes discomforting, sense of realism to the entire piece.

The actors are extremely well chosen- Michael Sheen not only "has got all the polari" but he has all the voices down pat too! You can truly see the seamless editing guided by the references to Williams' diary entries, not only is it well worth the watching but it is a terrificly written and performed piece. A masterful production about one of the great master's of comedy and his life.

The realism really comes home with the little things: the fantasy of the guard which, rather than use the traditional 'dream' techniques remains solid then disappears. It plays on our knowledge and our senses, particularly with the scenes concerning Orton and Halliwell and the sets (particularly of their flat with Halliwell's murals decorating every surface) are terribly well done.


I thought this was a wonderful way to spend time on a too hot summer weekend, sitting in the air conditioned theater and watching a light-hearted comedy. The plot is simplistic, but the dialogue is witty and the characters are likable (even the well bread suspected serial killer). While some may be disappointed when they realize this is not Match Point 2: Risk Addiction, I thought it was proof that Woody Allen is still fully in control of the style many of us have grown to love.

This was the most I'd laughed at one of Woody's comedies in years (dare I say a decade?). While I've never been impressed with Scarlet Johanson, in this she managed to tone down her "sexy" image and jumped right into a average, but spirited young woman.

This may not be the crown jewel of his career, but it was wittier than "Devil Wears Prada" and more interesting than "Superman" a great comedy to go see with friends.


Basically there's a family where a little boy (Jake) thinks there's a zombie in his closet & his parents are fighting all the time.

This movie is slower than a soap opera... and suddenly, Jake decides to become Rambo and kill the zombie.

OK, first of all when you're going to make a film you must Decide if its a thriller or a drama! As a drama the movie is watchable. Parents are divorcing & arguing like in real life. And then we have Jake with his closet which totally ruins all the film! I expected to see a BOOGEYMAN similar movie, and instead i watched a drama with some meaningless thriller spots.

3 out of 10 just for the well playing parents & descent dialogs. As for the shots with Jake: just ignore them.


Petter Mattei's "Love in the Time of Money" is a visually stunning film to watch. Mr. Mattei offers us a vivid portrait about human relations. This is a movie that seems to be telling us what money, power and success do to people in the different situations we encounter.

This being a variation on the Arthur Schnitzler's play about the same theme, the director transfers the action to the present time New York where all these different characters meet and connect. Each one is connected in one way, or another to the next person, but no one seems to know the previous point of contact. Stylishly, the film has a sophisticated luxurious look. We are taken to see how these people live and the world they live in their own habitat.

The only thing one gets out of all these souls in the picture is the different stages of loneliness each one inhabits. A big city is not exactly the best place in which human relations find sincere fulfillment, as one discerns is the case with most of the people we encounter.

The acting is good under Mr. Mattei's direction. Steve Buscemi, Rosario Dawson, Carol Kane, Michael Imperioli, Adrian Grenier, and the rest of the talented cast, make these characters come alive.

We wish Mr. Mattei good luck and await anxiously for his next work.


Probably my all-time favorite movie, a story of selflessness, sacrifice and dedication to a noble cause, but it's not preachy or boring. It just never gets old, despite my having seen it some 15 or more times in the last 25 years. Paul Lukas' performance brings tears to my eyes, and Bette Davis, in one of her very few truly sympathetic roles, is a delight. The kids are, as grandma says, more like "dressed-up midgets" than children, but that only makes them more fun to watch. And the mother's slow awakening to what's happening in the world and under her own roof is believable and startling. If I had a dozen thumbs, they'd all be "up" for this movie.


I sure would like to see a resurrection of a up dated Seahunt series with the tech they have today it would bring back the kid excitement in me.I grew up on black and white TV and Seahunt with Gunsmoke were my hero's every week.You have my vote for a comeback of a new sea hunt.We need a change of pace in TV and this would work for a world of under water adventure.Oh by the way thank you for an outlet like this to view many viewpoints about TV and the many movies.So any ole way I believe I've got what I wanna say.Would be nice to read some more plus points about sea hunt.If my rhymes would be 10 lines would you let me submit,or leave me out to be in doubt and have me to quit,If this is so then I must go so lets do it.


This show was an amazing, fresh & innovative idea in the 70's when it first aired. The first 7 or 8 years were brilliant, but things dropped off after that. By 1990, the show was not really funny anymore, and it's continued its decline further to the complete waste of time it is today.

It's truly disgraceful how far this show has fallen. The writing is painfully bad, the performances are almost as bad - if not for the mildly entertaining respite of the guest-hosts, this show probably wouldn't still be on the air. I find it so hard to believe that the same creator that hand-selected the original cast also chose the band of hacks that followed. How can one recognize such brilliance and then see fit to replace it with such mediocrity? I felt I must give 2 stars out of respect for the original cast that made this show such a huge success. As it is now, the show is just awful. I can't believe it's still on the air.


Encouraged by the positive comments about this film on here I was looking forward to watching this film. Bad mistake. I've seen 950+ films and this is truly one of the worst of them - it's awful in almost every way: editing, pacing, storyline, 'acting,' soundtrack (the film's only song - a lame country tune - is played no less than four times). The film looks cheap and nasty and is boring in the extreme. Rarely have I been so happy to see the end credits of a film.

The only thing that prevents me giving this a 1-score is Harvey Keitel - while this is far from his best performance he at least seems to be making a bit of an effort. One for Keitel obsessives only.


If you like original gut wrenching laughter you will like this movie. If you are young or old then you will love this movie, hell even my mom liked it.

Great Camp!!!


Dataset Viewer issue for strombergnlp/ipm_nel : preview is empty, no error message
 ### Link

https://huggingface.co/datasets/strombergnlp/ipm_nel/viewer/ipm_nel/train

### Description

The viewer is blank. I tried my best to emulate a dataset with a working viewer, but this one just doesn't seem to want to come up. What did I miss?

### Owner

Yes
 Hi @leondz, thanks for reporting.

Indeed, the dataset viewer relies on the dataset being streamable (passing `streaming=True` to `load_dataset`). Whereas most of the datastes are streamable out of the box (thanks to our implementation of streaming), there are still some exceptions.

In particular, in your case, that is due to the data file being TAR. This format is not streamable out of the box (it does not allow random access to the archived files), but we use a trick to allow streaming: using `dl_manager.iter_archive`.

Let me know if you need some help: I could push a commit to your repo with the fix.


Dataset Viewer issue for strombergnlp/ipm_nel : preview is empty, no error message
 ### Link

https://huggingface.co/datasets/strombergnlp/ipm_nel/viewer/ipm_nel/train

### Description

The viewer is blank. I tried my best to emulate a dataset with a working viewer, but this one just doesn't seem to want to come up. What did I miss?

### Owner

Yes
 Ah, right! The preview is working now, but this explanation is good to know, thank you. I'll prefer formats with random file access supported in datasets.utils.extract in future, and try out this fix for the tarfiles :)


"NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined" on `.add_faiss_index` when `device` is not None
 ## Describe the bug

When using `datasets` to calculate the FAISS indices of a dataset, the exception `NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined` is triggered when trying to calculate those on a device (GPU), so `.add_faiss_index(..., device=0)` fails with that exception.

All that assuming that `datasets` is properly installed and `faiss-gpu` too, as well as all the CUDA drivers required.

## Steps to reproduce the bug

```python
# Sample code to reproduce the bug
from transformers import DPRContextEncoder, DPRContextEncoderTokenizer
import torch
torch.set_grad_enabled(False)
ctx_encoder = DPRContextEncoder.from_pretrained("facebook/dpr-ctx_encoder-single-nq-base")
ctx_tokenizer = DPRContextEncoderTokenizer.from_pretrained("facebook/dpr-ctx_encoder-single-nq-base")

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset('crime_and_punish', split='train[:100]')
ds_with_embeddings = ds.map(lambda example: {'embeddings': ctx_encoder(**ctx_tokenizer(example["line"], return_tensors="pt"))[0][0].numpy()})

ds_with_embeddings.add_faiss_index(column='embeddings', device=0) # default `device=None`
```

## Expected results

A new column named `embeddings` in the dataset that we're adding the index to.

## Actual results

An exception is triggered with the following message `NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined`.

## Environment info

- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: Linux-5.13.0-1022-azure-x86_64-with-glibc2.31
- Python version: 3.9.12
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2

 So I managed to solve this by adding a missing `import faiss` in the `@staticmethod` defined in https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/f51b6994db27ea69261ef919fb7775928f9ec10b/src/datasets/search.py#L305, triggered from https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/f51b6994db27ea69261ef919fb7775928f9ec10b/src/datasets/search.py#L249 when trying to `ds_with_embeddings.add_faiss_index(column='embeddings', device=0)` with the code above.

As it seems that the `@staticmethod` doesn't recognize the `import faiss` defined in https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/f51b6994db27ea69261ef919fb7775928f9ec10b/src/datasets/search.py#L261, so whenever the value of `device` is not None in https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/71f76e0bdeaddadedc4f9c8d15cfff5a36d62f66/src/datasets/search.py#L438, that exception is triggered.

So on, adding `import faiss` inside https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/71f76e0bdeaddadedc4f9c8d15cfff5a36d62f66/src/datasets/search.py#L305 right after the check of `device`'s value, solves the issue and lets you calculate the indices in GPU.

I'll add the code in a PR linked to this issue in case you want to merge it!


"NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined" on `.add_faiss_index` when `device` is not None
 ## Describe the bug

When using `datasets` to calculate the FAISS indices of a dataset, the exception `NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined` is triggered when trying to calculate those on a device (GPU), so `.add_faiss_index(..., device=0)` fails with that exception.

All that assuming that `datasets` is properly installed and `faiss-gpu` too, as well as all the CUDA drivers required.

## Steps to reproduce the bug

```python
# Sample code to reproduce the bug
from transformers import DPRContextEncoder, DPRContextEncoderTokenizer
import torch
torch.set_grad_enabled(False)
ctx_encoder = DPRContextEncoder.from_pretrained("facebook/dpr-ctx_encoder-single-nq-base")
ctx_tokenizer = DPRContextEncoderTokenizer.from_pretrained("facebook/dpr-ctx_encoder-single-nq-base")

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset('crime_and_punish', split='train[:100]')
ds_with_embeddings = ds.map(lambda example: {'embeddings': ctx_encoder(**ctx_tokenizer(example["line"], return_tensors="pt"))[0][0].numpy()})

ds_with_embeddings.add_faiss_index(column='embeddings', device=0) # default `device=None`
```

## Expected results

A new column named `embeddings` in the dataset that we're adding the index to.

## Actual results

An exception is triggered with the following message `NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined`.

## Environment info

- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: Linux-5.13.0-1022-azure-x86_64-with-glibc2.31
- Python version: 3.9.12
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2

 Adding here the complete error traceback!

```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/alvarobartt/lol.py", line 12, in <module>
    ds_with_embeddings.add_faiss_index(column='embeddings', device=0) # default `device=None`
  File "/home/alvarobartt/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_dataset.py", line 3656, in add_faiss_index
    super().add_faiss_index(
  File "/home/alvarobartt/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/search.py", line 478, in add_faiss_index
    faiss_index.add_vectors(self, column=column, train_size=train_size, faiss_verbose=True)
  File "/home/alvarobartt/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/search.py", line 281, in add_vectors
    self.faiss_index = self._faiss_index_to_device(index, self.device)
  File "/home/alvarobartt/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/search.py", line 327, in _faiss_index_to_device
    faiss_res = faiss.StandardGpuResources()
NameError: name 'faiss' is not defined
```


OpenBookQA has missing and inconsistent field names
 ## Describe the bug
OpenBookQA implementation is inconsistent with the original dataset.

We need to:

1. The dataset field [question][stem] is flattened into question_stem. Unflatten it to match the original format.
2. Add missing additional fields:
    - 'fact1': row['fact1'],
    - 'humanScore': row['humanScore'],
    - 'clarity': row['clarity'],
    - 'turkIdAnonymized': row['turkIdAnonymized']
3. Ensure the structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Expected results
The structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Actual results
TBD

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: macOS-10.15.7-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.13
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
 Thanks for reporting, @vblagoje.

Indeed, I noticed some of these issues while reviewing this PR:
- #4259

This is in my TODO list.


OpenBookQA has missing and inconsistent field names
 ## Describe the bug
OpenBookQA implementation is inconsistent with the original dataset.

We need to:

1. The dataset field [question][stem] is flattened into question_stem. Unflatten it to match the original format.
2. Add missing additional fields:
    - 'fact1': row['fact1'],
    - 'humanScore': row['humanScore'],
    - 'clarity': row['clarity'],
    - 'turkIdAnonymized': row['turkIdAnonymized']
3. Ensure the structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Expected results
The structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Actual results
TBD

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: macOS-10.15.7-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.13
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
 On the other hand, I am not sure if we should always preserve the original nested structure. I think we should also consider other factors as convenience or consistency.

For example, other datasets also flatten "question.stem" into "question":
- ai2_arc:
  ```python
  question = data["question"]["stem"]
  choices = data["question"]["choices"]
  text_choices = [choice["text"] for choice in choices]
  label_choices = [choice["label"] for choice in choices]
  yield id_, {
      "id": id_,
      "answerKey": answerkey,
      "question": question,
      "choices": {"text": text_choices, "label": label_choices},
  }
  ```
- commonsense_qa:
  ```python
  question = data["question"]
  stem = question["stem"]
  yield id_, {
      "answerKey": answerkey,
      "question": stem,
      "choices": {"label": labels, "text": texts},
  }
  ```
- cos_e:
  ```python
  "question": cqa["question"]["stem"],
  ```
- qasc
- quartz
- wiqa

Exceptions:
- exams

I think we should agree on a CONVENIENT format for QA and use always CONSISTENTLY the same.


OpenBookQA has missing and inconsistent field names
 ## Describe the bug
OpenBookQA implementation is inconsistent with the original dataset.

We need to:

1. The dataset field [question][stem] is flattened into question_stem. Unflatten it to match the original format.
2. Add missing additional fields:
    - 'fact1': row['fact1'],
    - 'humanScore': row['humanScore'],
    - 'clarity': row['clarity'],
    - 'turkIdAnonymized': row['turkIdAnonymized']
3. Ensure the structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Expected results
The structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Actual results
TBD

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: macOS-10.15.7-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.13
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
 @albertvillanova I agree that we should be consistent. In the last month, I have come across tons of code that deals with OpenBookQA and CommonSenseQA and all of that code relies on the original data format structure. We can't expect users to adopt HF Datasets if we arbitrarily change the structure of the format just because we think something makes more sense. I am in that position now (downloading original data rather than using HF Datasets) and undoubtedly it hinders HF Datasets' widespread use and adoption. Missing fields like in the case of #4275 is definitely bad and not even up for a discussion IMHO! cc @lhoestq


OpenBookQA has missing and inconsistent field names
 ## Describe the bug
OpenBookQA implementation is inconsistent with the original dataset.

We need to:

1. The dataset field [question][stem] is flattened into question_stem. Unflatten it to match the original format.
2. Add missing additional fields:
    - 'fact1': row['fact1'],
    - 'humanScore': row['humanScore'],
    - 'clarity': row['clarity'],
    - 'turkIdAnonymized': row['turkIdAnonymized']
3. Ensure the structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Expected results
The structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Actual results
TBD

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: macOS-10.15.7-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.13
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
 I'm opening a PR that adds the missing fields.

Let's agree on the feature structure: @lhoestq @mariosasko @polinaeterna


OpenBookQA has missing and inconsistent field names
 ## Describe the bug
OpenBookQA implementation is inconsistent with the original dataset.

We need to:

1. The dataset field [question][stem] is flattened into question_stem. Unflatten it to match the original format.
2. Add missing additional fields:
    - 'fact1': row['fact1'],
    - 'humanScore': row['humanScore'],
    - 'clarity': row['clarity'],
    - 'turkIdAnonymized': row['turkIdAnonymized']
3. Ensure the structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Expected results
The structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Actual results
TBD

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: macOS-10.15.7-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.13
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
 IMO we should always try to preserve the original structure unless there is a good reason not to (and I don't see one in this case).


OpenBookQA has missing and inconsistent field names
 ## Describe the bug
OpenBookQA implementation is inconsistent with the original dataset.

We need to:

1. The dataset field [question][stem] is flattened into question_stem. Unflatten it to match the original format.
2. Add missing additional fields:
    - 'fact1': row['fact1'],
    - 'humanScore': row['humanScore'],
    - 'clarity': row['clarity'],
    - 'turkIdAnonymized': row['turkIdAnonymized']
3. Ensure the structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Expected results
The structure and every data item in the original OpenBookQA matches our OpenBookQA version.

## Actual results
TBD

## Environment info
- `datasets` version: 2.1.0
- Platform: macOS-10.15.7-x86_64-i386-64bit
- Python version: 3.8.13
- PyArrow version: 7.0.0
- Pandas version: 1.4.2
 I agree with @mariosasko . The transition to the original format could be done in one PR for the next minor release, clearly documenting all dataset changes just as @albertvillanova outlined them above and perhaps even providing a per dataset util method to convert the new valid format to the old for backward compatibility. Users who relied on the old format will update their code with either the util method for a quick fix or slightly more elaborate for the new.


Lower Bhavani Project Canal

Lower Bhavani Project Canal is a  long irrigation canal which runs in Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India.  The canal is a valley-side contour canal, fed by Bhavanisagar Dam and irrigates 2.07 lakh hectares of land. The main canal feeds Thadapalli and Arakkankottai channels which irrigate the cultivable lands. The canal was the brainchild M.A Eswaran, member of the legislative assembly of the Erode constituency in the early 1950s.

References

See also
Kalingarayan Canal

Erode district
Canals in Tamil Nadu
Gobichettipalayam
Bhavani River


Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery Works on Paper Award

The National Works on Paper Award is a catch-all term for a body of related awards for contemporary art made on, or with, paper. First awarded in 1998, it is the successor event to the Spring Festival of Drawing and the Prints Acquisitive. The award is made biennially, except during the years 1998 to 2000, and 2002 to 2004, when it was made annually. The award and its concomitant exhibition are hosted by the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery, located in Mornington, Australia.

In 2008, the total prize pool of the National Works on Paper award was worth A$45,000 and had three components:
The John Tallis Acquisitive Award, valued at A$15,000;
The Mornington Peninsula Regional Shire Acquisition Fund awards, valued at up to A$20,000; and
The Friends of the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery Acquisition Fund awards, valued at up to A$10,000.

Winners (major award only)
1998 - Christopher Hodges
1999 - Jennifer Buntine
2000 - Matthew Butterworth
2002 - eX de Medici
2003 - Lisa Roet
2004 - Paul Boston
2006 - Gareth Sansom
2008 - Danie Mellor
2010 - Richard Lewer
2014 - Jess Johnson

References

External links
 Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery website
 Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery - 2008 NWOP Award
 MPRG - NWOP Past Exhibitions

Australian art awards
Mornington Peninsula
Awards established in 1998
1998 establishments in Australia


Rennington

Rennington is a village in Northumberland, England about  north of Alnwick.

Governance
Rennington is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

References

External links

GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008)

Villages in Northumberland


Why do all Americans have such white teeth? Is it related to their habits or because of the race?


Where can I find the motivation to study?


Weight-reducing effect of diguanides in obese non-diabetic women.

Lesser weight-reducing effect of diguanides in obese non-diabetic women.


Which is the top e-commerce companies in India?

Which e-commerce company is on top in India as of now?


My face has gained a lot of fat.How do I reduce it?


How does it feels to be a young Lieutenant in the Indian Army?

How does it feel to be a lieutenant in the Indian Army?


What kind of treats are safe for budgies?


What is your absolute most favorite book of all time and why? Any suggestions?

What is your favorite book of all time and why?


Where is the best Whirlpool microwave oven repair center in hyderabad?

Where is the best Whirlpool microwave oven service center in Hyderabad?


Erb's and cervical somatosensory evoked potentials: correlations with body size.

Median and ulnar Erb's (N9) and cervical (N13) somatosensory evoked potentials were correlated with height, arm span, arm length, and Erb's length.

All body measurements had high correlations with the N9 and N13 latencies.

The highest correlation was obtained between the N9 latency and Erb's length.

The N13 latency was correlated higher with height than with arm length.

The data suggest that height can be used to construct normogram correlating with the N13 latency.


package cli_test

import (
	"flag"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
)

func TestNewContext(t *testing.

Int("myflag", 12, "doc")
	globalSet := flag.

Int("myflag", 42, "doc")
	command := cli.

NewContext(nil, set, globalSet)
	c.Command = command
	expect(t, c.Int("myflag"), 12)
	expect(t, c.GlobalInt("myflag"), 42)
	expect(t, c.Command.

Name, "mycommand")
}

func TestContext_Int(t *testing.

NewContext(nil, set, set)
	expect(t, c.Int("myflag"), 12)
}

func TestContext_Duration(t *testing.

NewContext(nil, set, set)
	expect(t, c.Duration("myflag"), time.

Second))
}

func TestContext_String(t *testing.

String("myflag", "hello world", "doc")
	c := cli.

NewContext(nil, set, set)
	expect(t, c.String("myflag"), "hello world")
}

func TestContext_Bool(t *testing.

NewContext(nil, set, set)
	expect(t, c.Bool("myflag"), false)
}

func TestContext_BoolT(t *testing.

NewContext(nil, set, set)
	expect(t, c.BoolT("myflag"), true)
}

func TestContext_Args(t *testing.

Parse([]string{"--myflag", "bat", "baz"})
	expect(t, len(c.

Args()), 2)
	expect(t, c.Bool("myflag"), true)
}

func TestContext_IsSet(t *testing.

String("otherflag", "hello world", "doc")
	globalSet := flag.

Bool("myflagGlobal", true, "doc")
	c := cli.

Parse([]string{"--myflag", "bat", "baz"})
	globalSet.

Parse([]string{"--myflagGlobal", "bat", "baz"})
	expect(t, c.IsSet("myflag"), true)
	expect(t, c.IsSet("otherflag"), false)
	expect(t, c.IsSet("bogusflag"), false)
	expect(t, c.IsSet("myflagGlobal"), false)
}

func TestContext_GlobalIsSet(t *testing.

Bool("myflagGlobal", true, "doc")
	globalSet.

Bool("myflagGlobalUnset", true, "doc")
	c := cli.

Parse([]string{"--myflagGlobal", "bat", "baz"})
	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("myflag"), false)
	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("otherflag"), false)
	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("bogusflag"), false)
	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("myflagGlobal"), true)
	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("myflagGlobalUnset"), false)
	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("bogusGlobal"), false)
}


Q:

Find all numbers $x$ for which $(x-\pi)(x+5)(x-3)>0$.

Hi I'm working my way through Spivak calculus third edition.

Question

Find all numbers $x$ for which
  $$(x-\pi)(x+5)(x-3)>0$$

My own path
$$(x-\pi)(x-3)>0 \text{ and } x+5>0 $$
From this I believe that $x>-5$
And since, $x-\pi>0$ then $x>\pi$
The answer says that $x>\pi$ or $-5$  and $x<3$
But I don't understand how can $x$ be bigger than $\pi$, but smaller than $3$?


Cleansing skin and/or hair is an activity that has been done for many years.

Over time, skin and hair cleansing have involved the use of compositions such as bar and liquid soaps, body washes, shampoos, conditioners, and the like.

For these compositions, consumers desirable good cleansing properties and lathering characteristics, mildness toward the skin, and the ability to provide benefit agents to the target surface.

To enhance a consumer's experience, such cleansing compositions can also be coupled with implements such as a washcloth, a sponge, or a puff.

For example, many consumers dispense liquid soaps or body washes onto a puff and then cleanse by applying the puff to their skin and/or hair.

Similarly, many consumers rub bar soaps with a washcloth and then cleanse by applying the washcloth to their skin and/or hair.

Although a consumer's experience with a cleansing composition can be enhanced by coupling the cleansing composition with an implement, to date, such an experience has not been completely ideal.

For example, coupling such cleansing compositions with an implement tends to lead to clutter in the shower or bath as a consumer needs to carry or store cumbersome bottles, bars, jars, and/or tubes of cleansing products and the implements themselves.

Additionally, coupling requires the user to perform additional steps of applying the body wash or soap on the implement and then rubbing or wiping the implement on their skin rather than just applying the body wash and/or soap directly.

As such, more water tends to be consumed increasing the waste and carbon footprint of the consumer.

And further, certain personal cleansing products, such as bar soaps, can have difficulty providing the consumer desired deposition of benefit agents, even when coupled with an implement.

Some attempts have been made to combine an implement with a personal cleansing composition in a personal cleansing article.

However, these executions were not ideal.

For example, one such article included a rigid bar soap coupled with an implement.

The rigidity of this type of execution does not conform to the surface to which it is applied and making it difficult to thoroughly clean the target surface.

Some other attempts at a more conformable product did not provide a desired reusability and tended to create additional waste.

In particular, such cleansing articles tend lack durability and/or include cleansing compositions that completely dissolve after very few uses.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a compliant personal care article that can have desirable cleansing properties, including suitable lathering and rinsing characteristics, can conform to the skin and/or hair, can be reusable and/or easy to use.


Reactive component selection for TET powered medical devices.

Transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) is capable of supplying power across the skin to implantable devices and avoids the risk of infection associated with wires passing through the skin.

These systems rely on a high frequency magnetic field to overcome the relatively low coupling between a coil located outside the body, and a coil implanted within the body.

This paper introduces a new optimisation procedure to choose tuning capacitors that minimises the amount of power dissipated in the power transfer coils of an implantable TET system.

The frequency of operation is determined by the selection of the resonant reactive components.

By analysing the overall circuit impedance it is possible to observe that a Zero Voltage Switched TET system may dissipate different amounts of power in the power transfer coils while delivering the same amount of power.

In this study an objective function was developed to determine the best configuration of resonant capacitors for any particular set of TET coils in order to minimize power loss.

The method is used to find the value of the resonant capacitors for a system delivering 15 W over a coupling range of k=0.1 to 0.55 (corresponding to a separation of up to 20mm).