SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Overseas Citizens Voting Rights Act
of 1996''.

SEC. 2. EXTENSION OF PERIOD FOR RECEIPT OF ABSENTEE BALLOTS.

    Section 102 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting
Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-1) is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``and'' at the end of paragraph (2);
            (2) by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (3)
        and inserting in lieu thereof ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) permit absentee ballots to be received at least until
        the close of polls on election day.''.

SEC. 3. EXTENSION OF FEDERAL WRITE-IN ABSENTEE BALLOT PROVISIONS TO
              SPECIAL, PRIMARY, AND RUNOFF ELECTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 103(a) of the Uniformed and Overseas
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-2(a)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``general'' the following: ``,
        special, primary, and runoff''; and
            (2) by striking out ``States,'' and inserting in lieu
        thereof ``State''.
    (b) Special Rules.--Section 103(c) of the Uniformed and Overseas
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-2(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting after ``candidate or''
        the following: ``, with respect to a general or special
        election,''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting after ``candidate or''
        the following: ``with respect to a general election''.
    (c) Use of Approved State Absentee Ballot in Place of Federal
Write-in Absentee Ballot.--Section 103(e) of the Uniformed and Overseas
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-2(e)) is amended by
striking out ``a general'' and inserting in lieu thereof ``an''.
    (d) Certain States Exempted.--Section 103(f) of the Uniformed and
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-2(f)) is
amended by striking out ``general'' each place it appears.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply with respect to elections taking place after December 31, 1996.

SEC. 4. USE OF ELECTRONIC RETURN OF ABSENTEE BALLOTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 104 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens
Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-3) is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``and'' at the end of paragraph (8);
            (2) by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (9)
        and inserting in lieu thereof ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(10) in consultation with the Presidential designee,
        consider means for providing for expeditious methods for the
        return of absentee ballots, including return by electronic
        transmittal, with maximum regard for ballot secrecy, audit
        procedures, and other considerations relating to the integrity
        of the election process.''.
    (b) Secrecy and Verification of Electronically Transmitted
Ballots.--Section 104 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee
Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-3) is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``To afford'' and inserting in lieu
        thereof ``(a) In General.--To afford''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) Secrecy and Verification of Electronically Transmitted
Ballots.--No electronic transmittal or related procedure under
subsection (a)(10) that is paid for, in whole or in part, with Federal
funds may be carried out in any manner that (1) permits any person
other than the voter to view a completed ballot, or (2) otherwise
compromises ballot secrecy. At the earliest possible opportunity, the
original of each completed ballot that is transmitted electronically
shall be submitted in a secrecy envelope to the applicable location in
the State involved.''

SEC. 5. ELECTRONIC TRANSMITTAL OF BALLOTING MATERIALS.

    (a) In General.--The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee
Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.) is amended by adding at the end
the following new sections:

``SEC. 108. ELECTRONIC TRANSMITTAL OF BALLOTING MATERIALS.

    ``(a) In General.--Each State, in cooperation with the Presidential
designee, shall establish a system for electronic transmittal of
balloting materials for overseas voters. The system shall provide for--
            ``(1) electronic transmittal as an alternative method for
        transmittal of balloting materials to overseas voters;
            ``(2) use of the format of the official post card form
        prescribed under section 101 (or the format of any other
        registration form provided for under State law) for purposes of
        absentee voter registration application and absentee ballot
        application, with the condition that a State may require
        receipt of a form with an original signature before the ballot
        of the voter is counted;
            ``(3) furnishing of absentee ballots by electronic
        transmittal, from locations within the State, as selected by
        the chief State election official, to overseas voters who
        request such transmittal; and
            ``(4) special alternative methods of transmittal of
        balloting materials for use only when required by an emergency
        declared by the President or the Congress.
    ``(b) Funding Requirement.--The requirements of subsection (a)
shall apply to a State with respect to an election--
            ``(1) if there is full payment by the Federal Government of
        any additional cost incurred by the State after the date of the
        enactment of this Act for the implementation of such subsection
        (a), with such costs to be determined by the Presidential
        designee and the chief State election official, acting jointly;
        or
            ``(2) in any case of less than full payment, as described
        in paragraph (1), if the State, in the manner provided for
        under the law of the State, agrees to the application of such
        requirements.

``SEC. 109. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT FOR APPROVAL OF ELECTRONIC
              TRANSMITTAL METHOD.

    ``The Presidential designee may not approve use of any method of
electronic transmittal for purposes of this Act, unless, not later than
90 days before the effective date of the approval, the Presidential
designee submits to the Congress a detailed report describing the
method.''.
    (b) Definition Amendment.--Section 107 of the Uniformed and
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff-6) is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``and'' at the end of paragraph (7);
            (2) by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (8)
        and inserting in lieu thereof ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(9) the term `electronic transmittal' means, with respect
        to balloting materials, transmittal by facsimile machine or
        other electronic method approved by the Presidential
        designee.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply with respect to elections taking place after December 31, 1996.

SEC. 6. REPORT PROVISION.

    Section 101(b)(6) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee
Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff(b)(6)) is amended--
            (1) by striking out ``participation and'' and inserting in
        lieu thereof ``participation,''; and
            (2) by inserting before the period at the end the
        following: ``, and a separate analysis of electronic
        transmittal of balloting materials''.

            Passed the House of Representatives May 14, 1996.

            Attest:

                                                ROBIN H. CARLE,

                                                                 Clerk.

Overseas Citizens Voting Rights Act of 1996 - Amends the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act to require each State to allow absentee ballots to be received at least until the closing of polls on election day.
(Sec. 3) Extends the Federal write-in ballot provisions to include special, primary, and run-off elections.
(Sec. 4) Recommends that the States consider, with respect to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters, means to provide for the expeditious return of absentee ballots, including return by electronic transmittal.
(Sec. 5) Requires each State to establish a system for electronic transmittal of balloting materials for overseas voters.  Sets forth provisions concerning system requirements, including funding and notification requirements.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may cited as the ``District of Columbia Full Self-
Government Act''.

              TITLE I--STATUS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

SEC. 101. STATUS OF THE DISTRICT.

    (a) In General.--All of the territory constituting the permanent
seat of the Government of the United States shall continue to be
designated as the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia shall
remain and continue a body corporate, as provided in section 2 of the
Revised Statutes relating to the District (sec. 1-102, D.C. Official
Code).
    (b) No Effect on Existing Laws.--No law or regulation which is in
force on the effective date of this Act shall be deemed amended or
repealed by this Act except to the extent specifically provided herein
or to the extent that such law or regulation is inconsistent with this
Act, but any such law or regulation may be amended or repealed by act
or resolution as authorized in this Act, or by Act of Congress.
    (c) No Effect on Boundary Line.--Nothing contained in this section
shall affect the boundary line between the District of Columbia and the
Commonwealth of Virginia as the same was established or may be
subsequently established under the provisions of title I of the Act of
October 31, 1945 (59 Stat. 552).

SEC. 102. LEGISLATIVE POWER OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

    Except as provided in section 202, the legislative power of the
District of Columbia shall extend to all rightful subjects of
legislation within the District consistent with the Constitution of the
United States and the provisions of this Act subject to all the
restrictions and limitations imposed upon the States by the tenth
section of the first article of the Constitution of the United States.

                      TITLE II--LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

SEC. 201. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COUNCIL.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a Council of the District
of Columbia (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Council''), and
the members of the Council shall be elected by the registered qualified
electors of the District.
    (b) Powers, Organization, and Procedure.--The powers, organization,
and procedure of the Council shall be set forth under such laws as may
be enacted by the District of Columbia consistent with the provisions
of this Act.

SEC. 202. LIMITATIONS ON AUTHORITY.

    The Council shall have no authority to pass any act contrary to the
provisions of this Act except as specifically provided in this Act, or
to--
            (1) impose any tax on property of the United States or any
        of the several States;
            (2) lend the public credit for support of any private
        undertaking;
            (3) enact any act, or enact any act to amend or repeal any
        Act of Congress, which concerns the functions or property of
        the United States or which is not restricted in its application
        exclusively in or to the District of Columbia;
            (4) enact any act, resolution, or rule with respect to any
        provision of title 11 of the District of Columbia Official Code
        (relating to organization and jurisdiction of the District of
        Columbia courts);
            (5) impose any tax on the whole or any portion of the
        personal income, either directly or at the source thereof, of
        any individual not a resident of the District (the terms
        ``individual'' and ``resident'' in this paragraph to have the
        meaning given such terms in section 47-1801.04, D.C. Official
        Code);
            (6) enact any act, resolution, or rule which permits the
        building of any structure within the District of Columbia in
        excess of the height limitations contained in section 5 of the
        Act of June 1, 1910 (sec. 5-405, D.C. Official Code), and in
        effect on the effective date of this Act;
            (7) enact any act, resolution, or regulation with respect
        to the Commission of Mental Health;
            (8) enact any act or regulation relating to the United
        States District Court for the District of Columbia or any other
        court of the United States in the District other than the
        District courts, or relating to the duties or powers of the
        United States attorney or the United States Marshal for the
        District of Columbia; or
            (9) enact any act, resolution, or rule with respect to the
        District of Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management
        Assistance Authority established under section 101(a) of the
        District of Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management
        Assistance Act of 1995.

                      TITLE III--EXECUTIVE BRANCH

SEC. 301. OFFICE OF THE MAYOR.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established the Office of the Mayor of
the District of Columbia, and the Mayor shall be elected by the
registered qualified electors of the District.
    (b) Powers and Duties.--The powers and duties of the Mayor of the
District of Columbia, and the organization of the Office of the Mayor
of the District of Columbia, shall be set forth under such laws as may
be enacted by the District of Columbia consistent with the provisions
of this Act.

SEC. 302. TREATMENT OF EMPLOYEES FORMERLY COVERED BY FEDERAL CIVIL
              SERVICE SYSTEM.

    In the case of persons employed by the District government
immediately preceding the effective date of the personnel system
established by the District government pursuant to section 422(3) of
the District of Columbia Home Rule Act, the personnel system of the
District government may provide for continued participation in all or
part of the Federal Civil Service System and shall provide for
benefits, including but not limited to pay, tenure, leave, residence,
retirement, health and life insurance, and employee disability and
death benefits, all at least equal to those provided by legislation
enacted by Congress, or regulation adopted pursuant thereto, and
applicable to such officers and employees immediately prior to such
date, except that nothing in this Act shall prohibit the District from
separating an officer or employee subject to such system in the
implementation of a financial plan and budget for the District
government approved under subtitle A of title II of the District of
Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance Act of
1995.

SEC. 303. RESTRICTIONS ON CERTAIN MUNICIPAL PLANNING ACTIVITIES.

    The Mayor's planning responsibility shall not extend to Federal and
international projects and developments in the District, as determined
by the National Capital Planning Commission, or to the United States
Capitol buildings and grounds as defined in chapter 51 of title 40,
United States Code, or to any extension thereof or addition thereto, or
to buildings and grounds under the care of the Architect of the
Capitol.

SEC. 304. EMERGENCY CONTROL OF METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT.

    (a) Authority of President To Exercise Control in Emergencies.--
            (1) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
        whenever the President of the United States determines that
        special conditions of an emergency nature exist which require
        the use of the Metropolitan Police force for Federal purposes,
        he may direct the Mayor to provide him, and the Mayor shall
        provide, such services of the Metropolitan Police force as the
        President may deem necessary and appropriate.
            (2) Limitation of duration of authority.--In no case shall
        services made available pursuant to any direction of the
        President under this subsection extend--
                    (A) for a period in excess of 48 hours unless the
                President has, prior to the expiration of such period,
                notified the chairman and ranking minority member of
                the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the
                House of Representatives and the chairman and ranking
                minority member of the Committee on Homeland Security
                and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, in writing, as
                to the reason for such direction and the period of time
                during which the need for such services is likely to
                continue; or
                    (B) for any period in excess of 30 days, unless the
                Senate and the House of Representatives enact into law
                a joint resolution authorizing such an extension.
    (b) Termination.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the services
        made available in accordance with subsection (a) shall
        terminate upon the end of such emergency, the expiration of a
        period of 30 days following the date on which such services are
        first made available, or the enactment into law of a joint
        resolution by the Congress providing for such termination,
        whichever first occurs.
            (2) Special rule in case of adjournment of congress sine
        die.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in any case in which
        services are made available in accordance with subsection (a)
        during any period of an adjournment of the Congress sine die,
        such services shall terminate upon the end of the emergency,
        the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which
        Congress first convenes following such adjournment, or the
        enactment into law of a joint resolution by the Congress
        providing for such termination, whichever first occurs.

                       TITLE IV--JUDICIAL BRANCH

SEC. 401. JUDICIAL BRANCH.

    The judicial powers of the District of Columbia, and the provisions
of the charter of the District of Columbia government which are
applicable to the judges and courts of the District of Columbia, shall
be those set forth in part C of title IV of the District of Columbia
Home Rule Act (sec. 1-204.31 et seq., D.C. Official Code), as in effect
on the effective date of this Act.

                TITLE V--BUDGET AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

SEC. 501. APPLICATION OF LAWS ESTABLISHED BY DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

    (a) Budget and Financial Management.--Subject to this Act, the
process by which the District of Columbia develops and enacts the
budget for the District government for a fiscal year, and the
activities carried out with respect to the financial management of the
District government for a fiscal year, shall be established under such
laws as may be enacted by the District.
    (b) Borrowing.--Subject to this Act, the process and rules by which
the District of Columbia issues bonds or otherwise borrows money shall
be established under such laws as may be enacted by the District.

SEC. 502. FULL FAITH AND CREDIT OF UNITED STATES NOT PLEDGED.

    The full faith and credit of the United States is not pledged for
the payment of any principal of or interest on any bond, note, or other
obligation issued by the District of Columbia, and the United States is
not responsible or liable for the payment of any principal of or
interest on any bond, note, or other obligation issued by the District.

SEC. 503. FEDERAL TAX EXEMPTION.

    Bonds and notes issued by the District of Columbia and the interest
thereon shall be exempt from all Federal taxation except estate,
inheritance, and gift taxes.

SEC. 504. LEGAL INVESTMENT IN BONDS AND NOTES ISSUED BY DISTRICT OF
              COLUMBIA.

    Notwithstanding any restriction on the investment of funds by
fiduciaries contained in any other law, all domestic insurance
companies, domestic insurance associations, executors, administrators,
guardians, trustees, and other fiduciaries within the District of
Columbia may legally invest any sinking funds, moneys, trust funds, or
other funds belonging to them or under or within their control in any
bonds issued by the District of Columbia. National banking associations
are authorized to deal in, underwrite, purchase and sell, for their own
accounts or for the accounts of customers, bonds and notes issued by
the District to the same extent as national banking associations are
authorized by paragraph seven of section 5136 of the Revised Statutes
(12 U.S.C. 24), to deal in, underwrite, purchase and sell obligations
of the United States, States, or political subdivision thereof. All
Federal building and loan associations and Federal savings and loan
associations, and banks, trust companies, building and loan
associations, and savings and loan associations, domiciled in the
District may purchase, sell, underwrite, and deal in, for their own
account or for the account of others, all bonds or notes issued by the
District of Columbia. Nothing contained in this section shall be
construed as relieving any person, firm, association, or corporation
from any duty of exercising due and reasonable care in selecting
securities for purchase or investment.

               TITLE VI--RETENTION OF FEDERAL AUTHORITIES

SEC. 601. RETENTION OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, Congress reserves
the right, at any time, to exercise its constitutional authority as
legislature for the District of Columbia, by enacting legislation for
the District on any subject, whether within or without the scope of
legislative power granted to the Council by this Act, including
legislation to amend or repeal any law in force in the District prior
to or after the effective date of this Act and any act passed by the
Council.

SEC. 602. LIMITATION ON AUTHORITY OF DISTRICT OVER CERTAIN AGENCIES.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed as vesting in the District
of Columbia government any greater authority over the National
Zoological Park, the National Guard of the District of Columbia, the
Washington Aqueduct, the National Capital Planning Commission, or over
any Federal agency, than was vested in the Commissioner of the District
of Columbia established under Reorganization Plan Numbered 3 of 1967
prior to January 2, 1975.

         TITLE VII--TERMINATION OF EXISTING CHARTER; TRANSITION

SEC. 701. TERMINATION OF EXISTING CHARTER.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in section 401 and subsection
(b), the District of Columbia Home Rule Act (sec. 1-201.01 et seq.,
D.C. Official Code) is repealed.
    (b) No Effect on Amendatory Provisions.--Nothing in subsection (a)
shall be construed to affect any provision of law which is amended or
repealed by the District of Columbia Home Rule Act.

SEC. 702. NO EFFECT ON EXISTING OBLIGATIONS.

    (a) Budgets.--Nothing in this Act or in the amendment made by
section 701 may be construed to relieve the District of Columbia of any
contractual or other financial obligations incurred by the District
under a budget enacted for a fiscal year prior to the effective date of
this Act.
    (b) Borrowing.--Nothing in this Act or in the amendment made by
section 701 may be construed--
            (1) to relieve the District of Columbia of any obligation
        incurred with respect to bonds or other forms of borrowing
        issued prior to the effective date of this Act; or
            (2) to waive the application to the District of Columbia of
        any other Federal law governing the borrowing of funds by
        States or units of local government, including the Internal
        Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 703. NO EFFECT ON INDIVIDUALS HOLDING POSITIONS WITHIN DISTRICT
              GOVERNMENT.

    Nothing in this Act or in the amendment made by section 701 may be
construed to affect the status of any individual who holds elective or
appointed office in, or is an officer or employee of, the government of
the District of Columbia as of the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 704. NO EFFECT ON PENDING ACTIONS OR PROCEEDINGS.

    No suit, action, or other judicial proceeding lawfully commenced by
or against any officer or agency in his or its official capacity or in
relation to the exercise of his or its official functions, and no
administrative action or proceeding lawfully commenced, shall abate by
reason of this Act or the amendment made by section 701.

                       TITLE VIII--EFFECTIVE DATE

SEC. 801. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on
the effective date of legislation enacted by the District of Columbia
after the date of the enactment of this Act which establishes--
            (1) the powers, organization, and procedure of the Council
        of the District of Columbia; and
            (2) the powers and duties of the Mayor of the District of
        Columbia, and the organization of the Office of the Mayor of
        the District of Columbia.

District of Columbia Full Self-Government Act - Declares that: (1) this Act shall have no effect on existing law or regulation unless otherwise repealed or amended by this Act or an Act of Congress; and (2) the legislative power of the District shall extend to all rightful subjects of legislation within the District consistent with the U.S. Constitution and the provisions of this Act, subject to all the restrictions and limitations imposed upon the states by the Constitution.

Establishes a Council of the District of Columbia and the Office of the Mayor.

Prescribes requirements for treatment of District employees formerly covered by the Federal Civil Service System.

Prohibits the Mayor's planning responsibility from extending to federal and District international projects and developments.

Prescribes requirements granting the President emergency control of the Metropolitan Police Department.

Declares that the District's judicial powers and the provisions of the District charter applicable to District judges and courts shall be those set forth in the District of Columbia Home Rule Act as in effect on the enactment of this Act.

Subjects the process by which the District develops and enacts its fiscal year budget and related financial management activities to such laws as the District may enact.

Declares that the full faith and credit of the United States is not pledged for any District obligations, nor is the United States responsible or liable for them.

Exempts all District bonds and notes (and interest) from federal taxation, except estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Authorizes certain entities to invest in District bonds and notes.

Reserves Congress the right to exercise constitutional authority as legislature for the District.

Repeals the District of Columbia Home Rule Act (establishing the existing District charter), but not any provision of law amended or repealed by such Act.

To establish the charter for the government of the District of Columbia.


Donna: Bohemian Rapsody Central Cinema tomorrow 8pm
Donna: Are u in?
Michael: totally!
Michael: great idea
Donna: OK, see you in front of the main entrance at 7:50

Tomorrow Donna and Michael will meet in front of the main entrance of Central Cinema at 7:50 pm to watch Bohemian Rapsody at 8.


John: Anything from the store?
Tracy: Hmmm... there was this goat cheese last time that I really liked. You remember which one.
John: I think I do. Anything else?
Tracy: Maybe milk, cause we're running out. And like a couple of rolls, the grainy ones.
Tracy: oh and tissues.
John: Ok, roger that.

John will buy the goat cheese Tracy liked, milk, a couple of grainy rolls, and tissues.


Jimmy: so how is the dispute between your countries going? hihi
Jimmy: I think it's a never-ending epic
Jose: Actually, it seems it's better now
Jimmy: is it?
Dean: yup. they held a referendum in Guatemala last year
Jimmy: only Guatemala? I thought the referendums were supposed to be held simultaneously
Hugo: yes, but they decided to change it
Jimmy: so what about Belize?
Hugo: Belize will hold a referendum in April 2019
Dean: at least it's the official plan
Jimmy: wow, that's amazing after a few centuries hahaha
Dean: true, but it's not settling the dispute, they will just send the case to the international tribunal
Jimmy: I see, it's interesting

Two countries haven't been able to reach agreement for centuries. There was a referendum in Guatemala last year. According to the plan, Belize will hold a referendum in April 2019. However, it's not settling the dispute and they'll send the case to the international tribunal.


Ben: I'm waiting downstairs
Tom: Adam is shitting
Adam: Give me 5 more minutes!!!


Jimmy: get me some fries too!!
Dan: okay, ketchup?
Jimmy: and mayo
Dan: ok!

Dan will get Jimmy some fries with ketchup and mayo.


Eve: Has anyone seen the new HP film?
Alice: I saw it with Phillip yesterday
Eve: And, how did you like it?
Alice: I really liked it. Phillip a lot less :P
Carla: No spoilers! I am planning on going this weekend
Eve: Great, I am going with a friend from my studies. Care to join us?
Carla: Saturday or Sunday?
Eve: We aren't sure yet, but we want 2D, so not a lot of choice. Maybe Saturday at 16:50?
Carla: Works for me :) Later we can go to the main square for some hot wine?
Eve: Great idea ;) Will you join us Alice?
Alice: I wish I could, but I am going to that wedding I mentioned last time :(
Carla: Uuuu, be sure to find me a future husband among Phillips family ;)
Alice: As far as I know we will be the youngest couple there :p
Carla: I don't mind some old and wealthy guy ;)

Phillip and Alice saw the new HP film yesterday. She liked it more than him. Eve is going to see it with friends from studies on Saturday at 16:50. Carla will join them. Alice can't go because she is going to the wedding.


Eva: I've signed the agreement
Tina: You did? omg so happy for ya
Eva: Thanks:) I am super excited
Barb: Omg babe! awesome!
Eva: hahaha thanks! I didn't know it's gonna be so emotional!
Barb: Hell yeah! It's kinda binding for 25 years you know, kinda scary
Eva: I know, but, Mat and I are getting married so after that we're gonna consolidate or sth and pay it off together faster
Barb: You guys are getting married?
Eva: Yes we are! you didn't know?
Barb: First time hearing this
Tina: No worries I just found out myself
Barb: Anyway! Congrats love! You guys are awesome!
Eva: Thank you so much! It's an exciting time
Barb: Well I hope we're all invited for the housewarming party
Eva: Of course! I'll be sending emails

Eva signed the agreement. She and Mat are getting married. They will organize the housewarming party in their new flat.


John: I'm starving. What's for dinner?
Jane: Whatever you cook :-)
John: Damn! I best get some take-aways.


Elena: Hi! What's up?
Ann: Nothing much, I'm working.
Elena: Oh, I see. When will you be free?
Ann: I'm off at 5. Wanna grab some coffee?
Elena: Yeah, it's been ages, I have to talk to you.
Ann: Great, is everything OK?
Elena: Yeah, it's just Robert, he's acting weird.
Ann: Again? I thought you guys figured everything out.
Elena: I thought so too... But he keeps getting these "thoughts", you know. About the future and stuff and he acts weirder than normal.
Ann: Yeah, he's always been like that, right? Getting worked up over nothing.
Elena: That's the thing. He gets mad over some things he made up in his mind and he blames me for it!
Ann: You have to be patient, you know what he went through last year.
Elena: I know, but I stood by him, every step of the way. And he acts as if I didn't understand.
Ann: Honey, I'm sure it will all get better, we'll talk it through this afternoon, but I really need to get back to work, sorry.
Elena: Sure thing, sorry I kept you.
Ann: Don't mention it, it's just my boss is looking.
Elena: LOL, tell him you're counseling your crazy friend.
Ann: I'm not sure it's the best way to suck up to your boss xD
Elena: haha, I figure it's not. See you!

Ann and Elena arrange meeting for a coffee around 5, after Anna has finished work. Elena would like to talk about Robert, as he's acting weird, having 'thoughts' about the future and blaming her for some things he made up. She needs to be very patient with him.


(CNN) -- Shelling hit areas near two key cities in eastern Ukraine on Sunday morning, intensifying fears that a ceasefire that took effect less than two days ago may be falling apart. Why is the ceasefire under strain? A variety of fighting factions in the conflict zone -- on both sides -- may not fall directly under a military chain of command. The pro-Russian rebels are mostly volunteer militias; fighting against them on the Ukrainian side are at least some far-right nationalist militias. Controlling these groups is difficult and some may have different aims, including sabotaging the truce. At this point it's been nearly impossible to figure out who's doing the firing and why. The conditions of the ceasefire agreement don't help either. The conditions are vague and at this point there doesn't seem to be an effective mechanism in place inside the conflict zone to monitor and enforce the agreement. Why can't the two sides' leaders control their forces? It's unclear if Kiev has control over all of the fighting forces in eastern Ukraine. Some of the volunteer militias fighting alongside Ukrainian soldiers are far-right nationalists who've been critical of the current government in Kiev, but they're still fighting because they feel Ukraine is under attack by Russia. And who controls the pro-Russian rebels? Is it the local commanders? Is it Russian President Vladimir Putin? None of that is clear. Which side has the most to gain from the truce? If the truce leads to good-faith negotiations and a compromise, then both sides can gain. A compromise could look like something like this: The pro-Russian region of Donbas gets autonomy and self-determination under a federalized Ukrainian government, and in return the rebels drop their demand for independence and Kiev gets to protect Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. There are elements on both sides that don't want a compromise, and they could certainly have the potential of undermining the truce. What happens next? We wait to see if the overnight shellings and firings are an anomaly or if they're a sign of more violence and more fighting. If the ceasefire sticks, both sides have agreed to hold talks that will address the core issues and demands on both sides that are still unresolved -- including the disarming of the rebels, a guarantee of self-determination for the pro-Russian Donbas region, the fate of Russian-annexed Crimea, constitutional reform, and a solution to the humanitarian crisis in the conflict zone. Obviously if the fighting continues, all bets are off. What effect does this have on the rest of the world? What happens in the coming days will determine the next move by NATO and Western leaders. If the ceasefire falls apart, the West will likely turn up the pressure by following through with sanctions and bolstering Western forces in NATO's Baltic-member states. Moscow has already threatened to respond if that happens. The bottom line is, the conflict will escalate and so will the prospects of a regional conflict -- although at this point that seems unlikely.

Shelling in eastern Ukraine raises fears that a ceasefire may fall apart .
Reza Sayah: It's been nearly impossible to say who's doing firing and why .
It's unclear who has control over fighting forces on either side in east Ukraine .
There are elements on both sides that don't want a compromise .


(CNN) -- Remember when oil giant BP paid billions of dollars to clean up its own mess from the 2010 Gulf oil spill? Then the company agreed to plead guilty to criminal charges and pay an unprecedented $4 billion fine for the spill. In the latest development, Wednesday, BP was essentially told to stand in the corner when it comes to winning new federal contracts -- a potentially huge blow to the company's bottom line. And it's still likely on the hook for civil penalties the federal government hopes to recover for environmental damages. So, is BP being punished enough for the deadly and destructive Deepwater Horizon spill, or too much? It depends on who you ask. This matters. BP says it supports nearly a quarter of a million American jobs and has invested $52 billion in the United States since 2007. Experts suggest punishments ranging from massive fines to banning the company from offshore drilling. However this all shakes out, it likely will send a powerful message to the industry. Families of killed rig workers react to BP settlement . First, here's what happened Wednesday: . The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said it will block BP from new government contracts due to its "lack of business integrity" stemming from the 2010 explosion and oil spill. It was a tragedy that killed 11 oil workers and dumped 205 million gallons of oil into the Gulf in a slow-moving, 85-day national drama that prosecutors called the worst environmental disaster in U.S. history. This month hasn't been good to BP. The decision follows the London-based company's agreement November 15 to plead guilty to criminal charges including manslaughter, obstruction of Congress and environmental violations related to the explosion and spill -- an agreement that still requires a judge's approval. What it means . Wednesday's EPA decision means BP won't be allowed to compete for new contracts, grants or other business until the company shows it meets federal business standards. As of February, BP had $9 billion in contracts to supply the U.S. government with fuel, most of it destined for military users, said Christine Tiscareno, a London-based analyst with S&P Capital IQ. Those contracts aren't affected by the EPA decision, the agency said. BP said it's already filed paperwork to get back in good graces with the EPA, said the agency is already preparing an administrative agreement to lift the suspension and highlighted what the company says it's done to rectify the situation. "As BP's submissions to the EPA have made clear, the company has made significant enhancements since the accident," the company said in a statement. "The company launched an internal investigation immediately after the accident, publicly released the results, and has been implementing all 26 of the investigation's recommendations." What's ahead . The next big step in the case comes in February, when a civil trial is expected to begin over the government's demand for civil damages under the Clean Water Act. That case could draw huge new fines for the company. The disaster, in addition to claiming 11 lives, caused disruption to countless residents and businesses, many of whom counted on the Gulf for their livelihoods, whether in the oil fields, fishing grounds or tourist beaches. For some, including environmentalists, the company couldn't be fined enough or spend enough money to get back on their good side. "Well, you know, we're discussing the worst environmental disaster in U.S. history," said Matt Dundas, acting campaign director at the environmental group Oceana. "The punishment needs to fit the crime." But, he said, the record $4 billion fine BP is expected to pay as a result of the criminal case is a tenth of the maximum it could have faced, making it small consolation to BP's harshest critics. The fine, while a record for the U.S. justice system, represents less than three months worth of profits for BP. The company reported $5.2 billion in profits in the quarter that ended September 30. Dundas is now rooting for the maximum possible verdict in the civil case -- $50 billion in fines. But he says there's only one punishment that would really get BP and other oil companies to sit up and take steps to prevent what Dundas says is the overwhelming risk of another large oil spill: being kicked out of the game entirely. "I think a terrific minimum would be to bar them from offshore drilling," he said. "That's really the only standard that's going to get oil companies to pay attention." The head of a trade association representing BP and other oil and gas operators in Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico said Wednesday that BP has already complied with government requirements. "BP has done everything that the federal government has asked and more. ... This new EPA designation is another layer," said Chris John, president of the Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association. "How much is enough, when the economy in America is trying to dig out of the recession, and energy ... is a very important component to getting Americans back to work?" The EPA's decision could have a negative impact beyond BP, he said, affecting other companies in the industry who have also complied with regulators. "The companies that operate out in the Gulf of Mexico, they can go anywhere, they're global. They can drill anywhere in the world," John said. "They have chosen to come back to the Gulf in the past few years. ... This additional statement and designation by the EPA has to play into their decision of where to put their capital." BP didn't directly address whether it believes it has paid enough for the disaster, but noted Wednesday that it has spent $14 billion in response and cleanup costs, $1 million on restoration projects and $9 billion in compensation and expects to spend $7.8 billion more to resolve the majority of outstanding claims. Owning up . The company also pointed out it has acknowledged criminal responsibility, carried out recommendations made by investigators who studied the incident and has taken actions to strengthen safety and drilling standards that exceed federal regulations. Tiscareno, the oil analyst, said that while the costs to BP have been steep, they are bearable for the company. The big question is what happens in February, when the civil case goes to trial. Tiscareno said she expects BP, which has taken a long-term approach to recovering from the spill, will recover financially unless the civil trial nets an "irrational" decision. A huge verdict could pose problems for BP, Tiscareno said, but she said the government can't go too far in gutting the firm because of all the jobs and tax revenues the company provides. BP has invested $52 billion in the U.S. in the last five years, employs 23,000 U.S. residents and indirectly supports nearly 250,000 jobs, the company said Wednesday. "The U.S. needs BP as much as BP needs the U.S.," Tiscareno said. CNN's Kendra Wates and Catherine E. Shoichet contributed to this report.

NEW: Trade association: "BP has done everything that the federal government has asked"
Two years after the oil spill, experts weigh in on possible punishments for BP .
BP says it expects the temporary ban will be lifted soon .
The EPA says the oil giant showed a "lack of business integrity"


Adel Taarabt appeared for QPR for the first time since his public fall-out with Harry Redknapp in Monday afternoon's reserve game against Ipswich Town. The Moroccan's days at Loftus Road appeared to be numbered after his extraordinary spat with Redknapp last month. Taarabt claimed his manager never takes a training session after Redknapp had accused the midfielder of being 'three stone overweight' following the 3-2 defeat to Liverpool. VIDEO Scroll down to watch Harry Redknapp say  Taarabt's camp have told blatant lies . Adel Taarabt has played just three first-team games for QPR this season after returning from loan at AC Milan . Taarabt laughed off claims by QPR manager Harry Redknapp that the midfielder was 'three stone overweight' The 25-year-old was due to play for the club's Under 21s last week, but wasn't included in the draw against Swansea. However, Taarabt came through 90 minutes in the 3-0 win against Ipswich Town as he tries to prove his fitness to his boss. The former Spurs man, who has been hampered by an ankle injury, has been limited to just three appearances for the R's this season after returning from a loan spell at AC Milan. Taarabt hit back at Redknapp during an exclusive interview with Sportsmail last month . Taarabt spent last campaign on loan at Fulham and then Serie A side AC Milan .

Moroccan played 90 minutes for Under 21s in 3-0 win against Ipswich Town .
Taarabt has made just three first-team appearances for the R's this season .
Midfielder was accused of being 'overweight' by manager Harry Redknapp .
Taarabt hit back and claimed Redknapp never took training sessions .


By . Wills Robinson . PUBLISHED: . 11:14 EST, 6 March 2014 . | . UPDATED: . 12:19 EST, 6 March 2014 . Members of the feminist punk group Pussy Riot have been attacked by a gang of men inside a Russian McDonalds. Nadya Tolokonnikova and Masha Alyokhina were covered in paint while they sat and had breakfast in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The pair, who were jailed for hooliganism in 2012, also had pepper spray, green antispetic and metal thrown in their faces during the assault. Scroll down for video . Attacked: Nadya Tolokonnikova and Masha Alyokhina were covered in paint during the assault while they sat and had breakfast in the city of Nizhny Novgorod . Distressed: The pair spoke directly into the camera after the incident . They were visiting the area to inspect a local prison with Peter Verzilov and members of NGO 'Zone of the Rights'. Tolonnikova allegedly left the restaurant with a 'cut forehead' and the group have complained to the police. She was seen getting up from her seat and clutching her face during the incident. while the gang of men continually shouted abuse. When the attack eventually stopped, one of the men held up a sign to the camera while another was seen shouting down the lens. At around 7.00 am the group barged into the fast food restaurant where the musicians and their crew were eating. Gang: They were covered in paint, antiseptic and pepper spray by the group of men . Prolonged: The gang shouted abuse while they continued to launch the liquids at the members of the feminist band . Close: One of the attackers faced up to Nadya Tolokonnikova, preparing to throw something at her . Abuse: The individuals continued to shout at the musicians while a crowd built up behind them . It is not the first time the group have been targeted by members of the public. At the start of the Sochi winter . Olympics, members of the group were whipped and tackled to the ground by Cossacks as . they sang in protest. The . band started to perform an anti-Putin song under a sign advertising the . Winter Olympics. But singer Tolokonnikova was brutally whipped . in the attack and the guitarist was left bloodied and bruised. Last month, Tolokonnikova was filmed saying the anti-government protests in Ukraine were an 'inspiation'. She was also among those arrested during protests outside a Moscow courthouse. Tolokonnikova and Alyokhina were released from seperate prisons on December 23, 2013 after the Russian State Duma approved an amnesty. Speech: An attacker spoke into a camera owned by the NGO 'Zone of the Rights' in the aftermath of the assault . Slogan: One man holds up a sign to the camera before the group leave the restaurant .

Nadya Tolokonnikova and Masha Alyokhina were also pepper sprayed .
The pair were in city of Nizhny Novgorod visiting a local prison .
Alyokhina reportedly left the fast food restaurant with a 'cut forehead'


The system as described above has its greatest application in an arrayed <e1>configuration</e1> of antenna <e2>elements</e2>.


The <e1>child</e1> was carefully wrapped and bound into the <e2>cradle</e2> by means of a cord.


The <e1>author</e1> of a keygen uses a <e2>disassembler</e2> to look at the raw assembly code.


A misty <e1>ridge</e1> uprises from the <e2>surge</e2>.


The <e1>student</e1> <e2>association</e2> is the voice of the undergraduate student population of the State University of New York at Buffalo.


This is the sprawling <e1>complex</e1> that is Peru's largest <e2>producer</e2> of silver.


The current view is that the chronic <e1>inflammation</e1> in the distal part of the stomach caused by Helicobacter pylori <e2>infection</e2> results in an increased acid production from the non-infected upper corpus region of the stomach.


<e1>People</e1> have been moving back into <e2>downtown</e2>.


The <e1>lawsonite</e1> was contained in a <e2>platinum crucible</e2> and the counter-weight was a plastic crucible with metal pieces.


The solute was placed inside a beaker and 5 mL of the <e1>solvent</e1> was pipetted into a 25 mL glass <e2>flask</e2> for each trial.


Interactive Guided Imagery as a way to access patient strengths during cancer treatment.
In cancer care, there are 2 complementary goals of treatment: eliminating cancer cells and supporting the well-being and healing abilities of the patient. Interactive Guided Imagery(sm)(IGI) can be used to help the patient access inner strengths and resources when high anxiety levels may make that difficult. Three brief cases illustrate the use of IGI to help patients access a "big picture" perspective on their treatment and healing path; to find strength to persevere in their treatment course; and to help make a difficult decision. In all 3 cases, there are multiple personal benefits of the imagery that continued to be of importance throughout the course of each patient's treatment.


There is an ongoing need for semiconductor devices, especially field effect devices whose threshold voltage and other properties can be tailored to particular applications. Accordingly, there is a need for devices having these and other desirable features and flexibility. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an improved device structure and method that provides semiconductor devices of the desired properties. In addition, it is desirable that the changes in device structure and method of fabrication used to improve the devices be compatible with or involve little or no change in existing device manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the foregoing technical field and background.


Improved sexual behavior in male rats treated with a Chinese herbal extract: hormonal and neuronal implications.
To investigate the influence of an extract obtained from five Chinese medicinal plants on sexual behavior of adult male rats. The extract was administered at doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg by oral gavage, acutely (one time, 45 min before mating test) or subchronically (daily for 10 days) in sexually potent and sexually sluggish/impotent rats. Sexual behavior, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were evaluated in treated rats and compared with controls receiving vehicle. The effect of the extract on central dopaminergic neurotransmission was assessed in the nucleus accumbens using a microdialysis technique. In sexually potent rats, both acute and subchronic treatment with the extract dosed at 30 and 60 mg/kg reduced mount latency and intromission latency. In sluggish/impotent rats, the acutely administered extract at the dose of 60 mg/kg shortened ejaculation latency, whereas subchronically administered at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, reduced mount, intromission and ejaculation latencies, increasing also the percentage of mounting and ejaculating rats. The extract dosed at 60 mg/kg significantly increased LH and T following acute and subchronic administration and increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in the nucleus accumbens, 30 min after the acute administration. The improvement in both appetitive and consummatory components of sexual behavior observed in male rats treated with the extract could be ascribed to increased serum T level in parallel with the activation of the central dopaminergic system.


Q:

When is the leading slash (/) needed in mod_rewrite patterns?

Here is an example from the Apache documentation for enforcing canonical hostnames:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
RewriteRule ^/?(.*) http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R,NE]

What I would like to know is why the /? is needed.  I've tried removing it and everything appears to work the same.  I was under the impression that the pattern part of the rewrite rule was compared against what comes after the slash.

A:

I recently happened across this issue myself. There is a difference between using RewriteRule in the VirtualHost and as part of an .htaccess file. The following rule will match (with a URL like this: example.com/fruit/apple) if it appears in a .htaccess file:
RewriteRule ^(fruit|fruits)/apple http://newfruitwebsite.com$1 [R=301,L]

but will not match in the VirtualHost context. If we check out the apache docs we can see that:

When using the rewrite engine in .htaccess files the per-directory prefix is automatically removed for the RewriteRule pattern matching and automatically added after any relative (not starting with a slash or protocol name) substitution encounters the end of a rule set.

...but what does this mean? The above rule would not match the same URL if it was placed into the VirtualHost because it doesn't allow a leading slash (/) to be at the start of the string. The apache docs go on to say:

The removed prefix always ends with a slash, meaning the matching occurs against a string which never has a leading slash. Therefore, a Pattern with ^/ never matches in per-directory context.

...so if we need a slash for .htaccess and no slash for VirtualHost, how do we modify the pattern? You guessed it. We need to add /? to add the following condition in our regex (where our question mark (?) is the quantifier):

Has between 0 and 1 / at the beginning of the string.

Now our URL (example.com/fruit/apple) string will match because we are handling the fact that if the rule is in the .htaccess file it will have 0 slashes and if it comes from the virtualHost it will have 1 slashes.

Related Reading:

Apache Rewrite Directive

A:

The {REQUEST_URI} string starts with a / character. Apache changed
  regex engines when it changed versions, so Apache version 1 requires
  the leading slash while Apache 2 forbids it! We can satisfy both
  versions by making the leading slash optional with the expression ^/?
  (? is the metacharacter for zero or one of the preceding character).

Source: http://www.sitepoint.com/apache-mod_rewrite-examples/
A few more resources which talk about the leading slash
http://forum.modrewrite.com/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4627
and
http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/other/a-deeper-look-at-mod_rewrite-for-apache/


Nana came into the room with a puzzled look on her face.


Nana came into the room with a puzzled look on her face.

She held up an orange sock and a blue one.


Nana came into the room with a puzzled look on her face. She held up an orange sock and a blue one.

My daughter jumped up and grabbed the blue one out of her hand.


Nana came into the room with a puzzled look on her face. She held up an orange sock and a blue one. My daughter jumped up and grabbed the blue one out of her hand.

She took off running down the hall while waving the sock in the air.


Nana came into the room with a puzzled look on her face. She held up an orange sock and a blue one. My daughter jumped up and grabbed the blue one out of her hand. She took off running down the hall while waving the sock in the air.

Nana chased her down, caught her, and tickled her until she laughed.


Happy th birthday to the @USNavy! The strength, dedication, and skill of our Sailors including those at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard help keep this country safe, secure, and free. Today we recognize and celebrate their incredible service. #246NavyBirthday https://t.co/GuHEDMApke


The greatest generation's investment in infrastructure made us the envy of the world. But now we've gone almost an entire lifetime without making any significant investments in the NEXT generation of American infrastructure. It's time for that to change. https://t.co/brikl79Kgp


Thanks to @SenTedCruz and  @SenatorWarnock, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act authorizes the Interstate East-West corridor across TX, LA, MS, AL, and GA. Working together to deliver real infrastructure!


/ To get lasting change we cant just lock up those convicted of these crimes, but must also work to combat bias and  bigotry. The NO HATE Act would allow courts to implement alternative sentencingrequiring people to do educational training/community service to counter their hate.


Today were celebrating years of the Hoosier state. Happy birthday Indiana! https://t.co/gjzh3dHnIb


The #ForthePeopleAct includes reforms that are popular with Americans no matter what party theyre from: Expanded early voting Automatic voter registration Public disclosure of campaign contributions So, lets get it done.


Todays strong, bipartisan vote is just the beginningI'm going to continue fighting for more investments necessary to meet our nations challenges.


Supporting crime victims requires holding crime perpetrators accountable.Yet the Biden Admin is preventing ICE from deporting thousands of criminal illegal aliens. This morning, the Senate adopted my amendment to give ICE the resources it needs. https://t.co/KLZzACmDs3


We in Louisiana know how natural disasters change lives. If theres anyway Louisiana can help, we will. I will support Federal relief. Our hearts are with Kentucky.


Today we start anew.


    def xtestx_shortest_path_tree_bigweight(self):
        g = Graph()
        fromv = g.add_vertex("home")
        tov = g.add_vertex("work")
        s = Street( "helloworld", 240000 )
        e = g.add_edge("home", "work", s)

        spt = g.shortest_path_tree("home", "work", State(g.numagencies,0))

        assert spt.get_vertex("home").degree_out == 1

        spt.destroy()
        g.destroy()


    def test_shortest_path_tree(self):
        g = Graph()

        # add two vertices, home and work
        fromv = g.add_vertex("home")
        tov = g.add_vertex("work")

        # add two street edges, one going in each direction
        g.add_edge("home", "work", Street( "helloworld", 10 ))
        g.add_edge("work", "home", Street("backwards",10) )

        # get the shortest path tree
        spt = g.shortest_path_tree("home", "work", State(g.numagencies,0), WalkOptions())
        assert spt
        assert spt.__class__ == ShortestPathTree
        assert spt.get_vertex("home").degree_out==1
        assert spt.get_vertex("home").degree_in==0
        assert spt.get_vertex("home").state.weight==0
        assert spt.get_vertex("work").degree_in==1
        assert spt.get_vertex("work").degree_out==0
        self.assertTrue( spt.get_vertex("work").state.weight > 0 )

        spt.destroy()
        g.destroy()


    def xtestx_shortest_path_bigweight(self):
        g = Graph()
        fromv = g.add_vertex("home")
        tov = g.add_vertex("work")
        s = Street( "helloworld", 240000 )
        e = g.add_edge("home", "work", s)

        sp = g.shortest_path("home", "work", State(g.numagencies))

        assert sp


The distribution of blood flow to the subendocardial, medium and subepicardial layers of the left ventricular free wall was studied in anaesthetized dogs under normoxic (A), hypoxic (B) conditions and under pharmacologically induced (etafenone) coronary vasodilation (C). Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by means of the particle distribution method. In normoxia a transmural gradient of flow was observed, with the subendocardial layers receiving a significantly higher flow rate compared with the subepicardial layers. In hypoxia induced vasodilation this transmural gradient of flow was persistent. In contrast a marked redistribution of regional flow was observed under pharmacologically induced vasodilation. The transmural gradient decreased. In contrast to some findings these experiments demonstrate that a considerable vasodilatory capacity exists in all layers of the myocardium and can be utilized by drugs. The differences observed for the intramural distribution pattern of flow under hypoxia and drug induced vasodilation support the hypothesis that this pattern reflects corresponding gradients of regional myocardial metabolism.

Effect of etafenone on total and regional myocardial blood flow.

Propiophenones
Vasodilator Agents
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen

Animals
Blood Pressure
Carbon Dioxide
Cardiac Output
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Vessels
Dogs
Heart Rate
Heart Septum
Heart Ventricles
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hypoxia
Oxygen
Propiophenones
Vasodilator Agents

drug effects
blood
drug effects
drug effects
drug effects
drug effects
physiopathology
blood
pharmacology
pharmacology


Seven distinct glycosidases (EC 3.2) have been characterized in guinea-pig epidermis. Their properties indicate them to be of lysosomal origin. The 'profile' of the epidermal glycosidases is significantly different from that reported for whole skin, the activities of beta-galactosidase and beta-acetylglucosaminidase being very high and those of the remaining enzymes relatively low in epidermis.

Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis. I. Glycosidases.

Galactosidases
Glycoside Hydrolases
Acetylglucosaminidase

Acetylglucosaminidase
Animals
Galactosidases
Glycoside Hydrolases
Guinea Pigs
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Kinetics
Lysosomes
Skin

metabolism metabolism metabolism enzymology enzymology


1. Based on incorporation of radioactively labeled N-ethylmaleimide, the readily reactive thiol groups of isolated myosin (EC 3.6.1.3) from fast, slow and cardiac muscles could be classified into 3 types. All 3 myosins contain 2 thiol-1, 2 thiol-2 and a variable number of thiol-3 groups per molecule. Both thiol-1 and thiol-2 groups which are essential for functioning of the K+-stimulated ATPase, are located in the heavy chains in all 3 myosin types. 2. The variation in the incorporation pattern of N-ethylmaleimide over the 3 thiol group classes under steady-state conditions of Mg(2+) - ATP hydrolysis allowed different conformations of some reaction intermediates to be characterized. In all 3 types of myosin the hydrolytic cycle of Mg(2+) - ATP was found to be controlled by the same step at 25 degrees C. In all three cases, this rate-limiting step is changed in the same way by lowereing temperature. 3. Using the chemically determined molecular weights for myosin light chains, their stoichiometry was found on the basis of sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis to be 1.2 : 2.1 : 0.8 for light chain-1: light chain-2:light chain-3 per molecule of fast myosin, 2.0 : 1.9 for light chain-1:light chain-2 per molecule of slow myosin and 1.9 : 1.9 for light chain-1:light chain-2 per molecule of cardiac myosin. This qualitative difference in light subunit composition between the fast and the two types of slow myosin is not reflected in the small variations of the characteristics exhibited by the isolated myosins, but rather seems to be connected with their respective myofibrillar ATPase activities.

Radioactive labeling and location of specific thiol groups in myosin from fast, slow and cardiac muscles.

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Sulfhydryl Compounds
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Myosins
Magnesium
Ethylmaleimide
Potassium

Adenosine Triphosphatases
Animals
Binding Sites
Enzyme Activation
Ethylmaleimide
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Kinetics
Magnesium
Molecular Weight
Muscle, Smooth
Muscles
Myocardium
Myosins
Potassium
Protein Binding
Protein Conformation
Rabbits
Sulfhydryl Compounds
Swine
Temperature

analysis
drug effects
pharmacology
pharmacology
enzymology
enzymology
enzymology
analysis
pharmacology
analysis


Experiments were conducted on male rats. A study was made of the content of nicotinamide coenzymes in the liver and myocardium 24 hours after the administration of 0.5 ml of dichloroethane into the stomach. In parallel with disturbance of the morphological structure of the liver and of the myocardium, increase in the activity of alanine and aspargic aminotranspherases in the blood serum, dichloroethane reduced the content of nicotinamide coenzymes and deranged the ratio of their oxidized and reduced forms in these organs.

[Level of nicotinamide coenzymes in the liver and myocardium of rats poisoned with dichlorethane].

Ethylene Dichlorides
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
NAD
NADP
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Alanine Transaminase

Alanine Transaminase
Animals
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Ethylene Dichlorides
Heart
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
Liver
Male
Myocardium
NAD
NADP
Rats

blood
blood
poisoning
drug effects
poisoning
drug effects
metabolism
metabolism
metabolism


(1) Crude synaptosomal fractions (P2) derived from guinea-pig cerebral cortex were incubated in the presence of 50 mM KCl in a Krebs-glucose medium. Torpedo marmorata electric organs were stimulated electrically in vivo at 5 pulses/sec for 30 min by electrodes placed on the electric lobe. Synaptic vesicles were isolated from each source and the phospholipid compositions analysed and compared with vesicles  from unstimulated controls. (2) Lysophosphatidylcholine was the only lysophosphoglyceride demonstrable in the synaptic vesicles from either source and its low levels did not increase as a result of chemical or electircal stimulation. In each case there was a close similarity of the phospholipid distributions in the vesicles taken from control and stimulated samples. (3) Control experiments indicated extensive decreases in the acetylcholine content of the vesicles from the stimulated electric organ and smaller decreases in the acetylcholine content of the synaptic vesicles from stimulated crude synaptosomal fractions. These fractions were found to respire linearly in the presence of 10 mM glucose and the vesicle fractions were shown to have low levels of contaiminating membranes as judged by marker enzyme analyses. (4) Crude synaptosomal fractions from guinea-pig cerebral cortex were incubated in a Krebs-glucose medium with labelled fatty acids and [3H]glucose in the presence or absence of 50 mM KCl. Subsynaptosomal fractionation was carried out and specific radioactivities of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were determined in fractions D (synaptic vesicles), E (microsomes) and H (disrupted synaptosomes). The release of neurotransmitter did not significantly enhance the labelling of phospholipids in any of the fractions studied as compared with phospholipids from unstimulated fractions. This was found after two incubation times and using [14C]oleate, [14C]arachidonate, [3H]palmitate and [3H]glucose.

The involvement of lysophosphoglycerides in neurotransmitter release; the composition and turnover of phospholipids of synaptic vesicles of guinea-pig cerebral cortex and Torpedo electric organ and the effect of stimulation.

Neurotransmitter Agents
Phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylethanolamines
Phosphatidylserines
Phospholipids
Cholinesterases
Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine
Animals
Cerebral Cortex
Cholinesterases
Electric Organ
Electric Stimulation
Guinea Pigs
Microsomes
Neurotransmitter Agents
Oxygen Consumption
Phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylethanolamines
Phosphatidylserines
Phospholipids
Synaptic Vesicles
Synaptosomes

metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism metabolism enzymology metabolism


The rate of coronary blood flow was varied in isolated working rat heart preparations to determine its influence on the rate of glocose utilization, tissue high-energy phosphates, and intracellular pH. A 60% reduction in coronary blood flow resulted in a 30% reduction in oxygen consumption, an accelerated rate of glusoe utilization, lower tissue levels of high-energy phosphate, and higher tissue levels of lactate and H+. Ventricular performance deteriorated as reflected by a decrease in heart rate and peak systolic pressure. Further reductions in coronary blood flow resulted in inhibition of glycolysis, a greater decrease in tissue levels of high-energy phosphates, and higher tissue levels of both lactate and H+. These changes in glycolytic flux, tissue metabolites, and ventricular performance were proportional to the degree of restriction in coronary blood flow. The importance of coronary blood flow and washout of the interstitial space in the maintenance of accelerated glycolytic flux in oxygen-deficient hearts is emphasized. It is concluded that acceleration of ATP production from glycolysis can occur only in the marginally ischemic tissue in the peripheral area of tissue supplied by an occluded artery. The central area of tissue which receives a low rate of coronary blood flow will have a reduced rate of ATP production due to both a lack of oxygen and an inhibition of glycolysis.

Effect of coronary blood flow on glycolytic flux and intracellular pH in isolated rat hearts.

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Lactates
Phosphocreatine
Adenosine Triphosphate

Adenosine Triphosphate
Animals
Blood Flow Velocity
Coronary Circulation
Glycolysis
Heart
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
In Vitro Techniques
Lactates
Male
Myocardium
Oxygen Consumption
Phosphocreatine
Rats

analysis physiology analysis analysis analysis


1. We measured the minute ventilation and arterial blood catecholamine concentrations in four normal men standing and at two levels of moderate treadmill exercise breathing 14% oxygen or air. 2. Minute ventilation was significantly higher during hypoxic exercise than during normoxic exercise at an oxygen uptake of 1500 ml/min. 3. Arterial plasma noradrenaline during hypoxic exercise at an oxygen uptake of 1500 ml/min was significantly greater than at rest. 4. Arterial plasma noradrenaline during normoxic exercise at an oxygen uptake of 1500 ml/min was not elevated above the resting concentration. 5. The results are compatible with the suggestion that increased concentrations of arterial plasma noradrenaline contribute to the hypoxic potentiation of the respiratory response to moderate exercise.

Arterial catecholamines in hypoxic exercise in man.

Clancy Critchley Leitch Kirby Ungar Flenley

Adult
Arteries
Epinephrine
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hypoxia
Male
Norepinephrine
Oxygen
Physical Exertion
Respiration


Some derivatives of isoindoline were prepared in order to test their cardiovascular activity. Pharmacological tests showed that some of the compounds had moderate alpha-blocking and coronarodilatory activity whereas others had some local anesthetic activity.

[Synthesis of N-substituted isoindolines].

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Anesthetics, Local
Benzimidazoles
Indoles
Vasodilator Agents

chemical synthesis
chemical synthesis
chemical synthesis
chemical synthesis


Reduced coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase from bovine heart mitochondria (complex III) was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles by the cholate dialysis procedure. Soybean phospholipids or mixtures of purified phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin could be used. Oxidation of reduced coenzyme Q2 by the reconstituted vesicles with cytochrome c as oxidant showed the following energy-coupling phenomena. 1. Protons were translocated outward with a coupling ratio, H+/2e, of 1.9 +/- 0.2. Measurements with mitochondria under similar conditions showed an H+/2e ratio of 1.8. Proton translocation was not seen in the presence of uncoupling agents and was in addition to the net acidification of the medium from the over-all oxidation reaction. 2. Potassium ions were taken up by the reconstituted vesicles in the presence of valinomycin in a reaction coupled to electron transfer. The coupling ratio for K+ uptake, K+/2e, was 2.0 in the vesicles and approximately 1.5 in mitochondria. 3. The rate of oxidation of reduced coenzyme Q2 by the reconstituted vesicles was stimulated up to 10-fold by uncouplers or by valinomycin plus nigericin and K+ ions. Addition of valinomycin alone in a K+ medium caused a transient stimulation of electron transfer. The results indicate that energy coupling can be observed with isolated reduced coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase if the enzyme complex is properly incorporated into a phospholipid vesicle.

Reconstitution of ion transport and respiratory control in vesicles formed from reduced coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase and phospholipids.

Cholic Acids
Ionophores
Phospholipids
Ubiquinone
Cytochrome Reductases
Potassium

Animals
Biological Transport, Active
Cattle
Cholic Acids
Cytochrome Reductases
Electron Transport
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Ionophores
Kinetics
Mitochondria, Muscle
Models, Biological
Myocardium
Oxygen Consumption
Phospholipids
Potassium
Ubiquinone

pharmacology
metabolism
pharmacology
drug effects
drug effects
pharmacology
metabolism


i start to feel emotional


i believe feeling duality suffering soul growth tells of an ending or a decline or a change of direction often one associated with emotions and it offers one possible response to that decline or change moving on


i hostage negotiator on her case has her feeling hopeful about her future


im feeling a little dirty


i can cope with his presence without feeling distressed if i can force myself into a quiet and resigned friendship


i had the feeling that it might not have been taken as the truthful and sincere compliment it would have been


i asked some girls what it meant to them to be valued and for the most part the response was that they felt valued when the people around them made them feel valued and treated them in a loving and caring manner


i feel if i completely hated things i d exercise my democratic right speak my mind in what ever ways possible and try to enact a change


i could almost feel her gentle touch in the moonbeam she sent to shine over me he added touching his face dreamily


i woke up very early this morning feeling joyful


What is the {periodical literature} for {mouthpiece} of {Delta Air Lines}

Question: What periodical literature does Delta Air Lines use as a moutpiece?

select distinct ?obj where { wd:Q188920 wdt:P2813 ?obj . ?obj wdt:P31 wd:Q1002697 }

select distinct ?obj where { ?statement <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject> <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q188920> . ?statement <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P2813> . ?statement <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object> ?obj . ?obj <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P31> <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q1002697> }

What is Delta Air Line's periodical literature mouthpiece?


What is {child of} of {husband} of {Ranavalona I} ?

Question: Who is the child of Ranavalona I's husband?

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What is the name of Ranavalona I's husband's child?


Did {Jeff_Bridges} {occupation} {Lane Chandler} and {photographer} ?

Question: Is it true Jeff_Bridges occupation Lane Chandler and photographer ?

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Are Jeff Bridges and Lane Chandler both photographers?


What is {prequel of} of {phase of matter} of {Galinstan} ?

Question: What is the pre-requisite of phase matter of Galinstan?

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SELECT ?answer WHERE { ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject> <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q675176> . ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P515>. ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object> ?X . ?statement2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject> ?X. ?statement2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P156> . ?statement2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object> ?answer . }

What range are the papers at the Monique Genonceaux about?


Question: which cola starts with the letter p

SELECT DISTINCT ?sbj ?sbj_label WHERE { ?sbj wdt:P31 wd:Q134041 . ?sbj rdfs:label ?sbj_label . FILTER(STRSTARTS(lcase(?sbj_label), 'p')) . FILTER (lang(?sbj_label) = 'en') } LIMIT 25

SELECT DISTINCT ?sbj ?sbj_label { ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject> ?sbj . ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P31> . ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object> <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q134041>. ?sbj rdfs:label ?sbj_label . FILTER(STRSTARTS(lcase(?sbj_label), 'p')) . FILTER (lang(?sbj_label) = 'en') } LIMIT 25

<?S P O ; ?S instanceOf Type ; starts with character >


Does the {right ascension} of the {Malin 1} {less than} {15.1398}

Question: Is the right ascension of malin 1 less than 15.1398?

ASK WHERE { wd:Q4180017 wdt:P6257 ?obj filter(?obj < 15.1398) }

ASK { ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#subject> <http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q4180017> . ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#predicate> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/P6257>. ?statement1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#object> ?obj. filter(?obj < 15.1398) }

Does malin 1 have a right ascension lower than 15.1398?


What is the {discography} for {discography} of {Jerry Lee Lewis}

Question: What is the complete list of records released by Jerry Lee Lewis?

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What is the total list of records discharged by Jerry Lee Lewis?


Does the {carbon footprint} of the {iPhone Xs Max} {equals} {106}

Question: Is it true that the carbon footprint of the iPhone X Max is 106?

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Does the iPhone X Max have a carbon footprint of 106?


Give me {female beauty pageant} that {operating area} {all countries} and which contains the word {model} in their name

string matching type + relation contains word

Question: Tell me the female beauty pageant that operates in all countries and contains the word model in it's name?

SELECT DISTINCT ?sbj ?sbj_label WHERE { ?sbj wdt:P31 wd:Q58863414 . ?sbj wdt:P2541 wd:Q62900839 . ?sbj rdfs:label ?sbj_label . FILTER(CONTAINS(lcase(?sbj_label), 'model')) . FILTER (lang(?sbj_label) = 'en') } LIMIT 25

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<?S P O ; ?S instanceOf Type ; contains word >

Tell me the female splendor festival that operates in all countries and contains the phrase model in it is name?


The 22.8 Mb genome of P. falciparum is comprised of 14 linear chromosomes, a circular plastid-like genome, and a linear mitochondrial genome. The malaria genome sequencing consortium estimates that more than 60% of the 5,409 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) lack sequence similarity to genes from any other known organism (Gardner et al. 2002). Although ascribing putative roles for these ORFs in the absence of sequence similarity remains challenging, their unique nature may be key to identifying Plasmodium-specific pathways as candidates for antimalarial strategies.


The complete P. falciparum lifecycle encompasses three major developmental stages: the mosquito, liver, and blood stages. It has long been a goal to understand the regulation of gene expression throughout each developmental stage. Previous attempts to apply functional genomics methods to address these questions used various approaches, including DNA microarrays (Hayward et al. 2000; Ben Mamoun et al. 2001; Le Roch et al. 2002), serial analysis of gene expression (Patankar et al. 2001), and mass spectrometry (Florens et al. 2002; Lasonder et al. 2002) on a limited number of samples from different developmental stages. While all of these approaches have provided insight into the biology of this organism, there have been no comprehensive analyses of any single developmental stage. Here we present an examination of the full transcriptome of one of these stages, the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC), at a 1-h timescale resolution.


The 48-h P. falciparum IDC (Figure 1A) initiates with merozoite invasion of red blood cells (RBCs) and is followed by the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) during the ring stage. The parasite then enters a highly metabolic maturation phase, the trophozoite stage, prior to parasite replication. In the schizont stage, the cell prepares for reinvasion of new RBCs by replicating and dividing to form up to 32 new merozoites. The IDC represents all of the stages in the development of P. falciparum responsible for the symptoms of malaria and is also the target for the vast majority of antimalarial drugs and vaccine strategies.


The genome-wide transcriptome of the P. falciparum IDC was generated by measuring relative mRNA abundance levels in samples collected from a highly synchronized in vitro culture of parasites. The strain used was the well-characterized Honduran chloroquine-sensitive HB3 strain, which was used in the only two experimental crosses carried out thus far with P. falciparum (Walliker et al. 1987; Wellems et al. 1990). To obtain sufficient quantities of parasitized RBCs and to ensure the homogeneity of the samples, a large-scale culturing technique was developed using a 4.5 l bioreactor (see Materials and Methods). Samples were collected for a 48-h period beginning 1 h postinvasion (hpi). Culture synchronization was monitored every hour by Giemsa staining. We observed only the asexual form of the parasite in these stains. The culture was synchronous, with greater than 80% of the parasites invading fresh RBCs within 2 h prior to the harvesting of the first timepoint. Maintenance of synchrony throughout the IDC was demonstrated by sharp transitions between the ring-to-trophozoite and trophozoite-to-schizont stages at the 17- and 29-h timepoints, respectively (Figure 1A).


The DNA microarray used in this study consists of 7,462 individual 70mer oligonucleotides representing 4,488 of the 5,409 ORFs manually annotated by the malaria genome sequencing consortium (Bozdech et al. 2003). Of the 4,488 ORFs, 990 are represented by more than one oligonucleotide. Since our oligonucleotide design was based on partially assembled sequences periodically released by the sequencing consortium over the past several years, our set includes additional features representing 1,315 putative ORFs not part of the manually annotated collection. In this group, 394 oligonucleotides are no longer represented in the current assembled sequence. These latter ORFs likely fall into the gaps present in the published assembly available through the Plasmodium genome resource PlasmoDB.org (Gardner et al. 2002; Kissinger et al. 2002; Bahl et al. 2003).


convert a list to a dictionary in python


how to get the size of a string in python?


how to get the fft of a numpy array to work?


calculating difference between two rows in python / pandas


efficient computation of the least-squares algorithm in numpy

np.linalg.solve(np.dot(a.T, a), np.dot(a.T, b))


how to add an image in tkinter (python 2.7)


truth value of numpy array with one falsey element seems to depend on dtype


add column sum as new column in pyspark dataframe

newdf = df.withColumn('total', sum(df[col] for col in df.columns))


Input: [0] checkbox [#] position [cover] cover [title] title Cinderella Ate My Daughter: Dispatches from the Frontlines of the New Girlie-Girl Culture [author] author Orenstein, Peggy [isbn] isbn 0061711527 [isbn13] isbn13 9780061711527 [asin] asin [num pages] num pages 244 pp [avg rating] avg rating 3.64 [num ratings] num ratings 9,965 [date pub] date pub Jan 25, 2011 [date pub (ed.)] date pub edition Jan 25, 2011 [rating] Veronica's rating 4 of 5 stars [my rating] my rating 1 of 5 stars2 of 5 stars3 of 5 stars4 of 5 stars5 of 5 stars add to shelves [review] review "How did you get through the princess stage?" That is in the top 5 questions I get asked by other moms, especially those I truly believe are turning t "How did you get through the princess stage?" That is in the top 5 questions I get asked by other moms, especially those I truly believe are turning to me as a feminist to guide them through the forest of pink. So it intrigued me to learn that even the famed Peggy Orenstein struggles with the princess phase. Orenstein's book School Girls was pivotal in my growth as a young feminist. It detailed the trials of being a middle school girl with such genius that if she was a mom at my daughter's school, I would have totally turned to her for guidance. So why is the princess phase such a challenge for moms today? If it's a phase, can't we just sit back and wait it out? In her new book, Cinderella Ate My Daughter: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the New Girlie-Girl Culture, Orenstein reveals why this phase isn't as innocent as the glitter makes it appear. Orenstein talks to the moms of her daughter's classmates to find that they also have rules about princesses in their homes. Only costumes - for imagination/play sake. No movies though. Yet the girls still know the plots and have their favorite princesses. She attends toys trade shows to talk to the toys peddlers themselves. "Pink is what girls want," is the official line. But how much choice do girls have in the first place if everyone buys into the "If it's not pink, it won't sell" line? Orenstein even gives us a quick historical view of how baby dolls became a girl toy -- let's say that the feminist movement seems older than the baby doll conspiracy. As parents we are told to expect our girls to want to play with just girls and our boys to play with just boys after the age of about two or three. "It's natural," they say, "Watch." Orenstein talks with an expert who explains why allowing our kids to self-select into single-sex groups is not something to encourage. If we allow our kids to "naturally" only know how to play with the same sex at 4 and all the way up, how the hell do we expect them to communicate with each other as teens who are dating? Working together? Leading Student Council? We shouldn't. And the princess thing helps to divide our kids into BOY and GIRL buckets. Which is why experts say if you see the same sex play divide happen, force interaction. Orenstein points out our hypocrisies, such as gasping in horror when we see young girls dancing to suggestive music, but not thinking twice when we take them to children's movies that include those songs. Are "not too skanky" dolls really worthy to be in our daughters' rooms? Do we really need to buy hundred dollar dolls so our girls can play with a doll that looks like a girl and not a college student? At one point of the book, Orenstein reflects on the challenge of buying a gift for another girl. Not just a friend's daughter, but a princess-loving-pinkified girl. Oh, I know that feeling. You want to buy her something she'll love, but loathe the idea of buying something you would never buy your own daughter. And your feminist credentials are TOTALLY on the line too. If you select a bad toy, it will reflect on the whole community. This by the way, would make an excellent game show. Orenstein doesn't get it all right. She misses the mark on 1990s feminism or "girlie feminism" by fusing the reclamation of feminine trades like sewing and knitting to women who feel that being sexy is empowering. They emerged at the same time, but are from two different camps. Early in the book Orenstein talks about the evolution of girlhood and how 2/3 of women today classified themselves as being tomboys as children. Yet only 1/3 of girls today would classify themselves as tomboys. This confuses her. Are women today over emphasizing their tomboy status? Rather I contend that tomboy is a label from the past. My daughter asked me what a tomboy was about a year ago. "Tomboy was a name people use to use for girls who were sporty, liked to climb trees because not a lot of girls did those things. Now we don't need to use it because so many girls are athletic." So if you asked my daughter, she might say she's not a tomboy. I even got her a shirt that said, "I'm not a tomboy, I'm an athlete." It's not a bad word to use, but I think it's a relic of a time long gone, pre-Mia, pre-Williams sisters. And that's where we are. In a world where girls can look up to Mia Hamm and the Williams sisters. They can go out every morning and practice their sport. Yet the media will still take time to evaluate who looked the best during the opening rounds of a Grand Slam tournament or ponder who is pregnant. That's the world our girls are growing up in and we not only need to figure our own way through this forest of pink princesses, but we need to guide them through it too. Not only are our girls faced with being girly and sporty, but Orenstein takes a moment to link the academic pressure our children, girls and boys, are under. The pressure to be super academic early on can and often does alienate them from the joy of learning. Friends know that I fear this for my own smartypants daughter. Orenstein offers few solid solutions, but what she does is walk herself through the challenges and asks us to come with her. She does answer the "How did we get here?" question in respect to dolls, clothes, sexiness and pink. There is also a MUST READ section on children's websites/social networks. While they may be safe from dirty old men, they are NOT safe from the pressure of commercialization. I know some of you poo-poo my anti-commercialization rants, but please, please, if you read this book, you will know why the intense commercialization our children are living in is robbing them of the childhood we experienced. I hope it's not a surprise that I'm highly recommending this book. Seriously go get this book, read it and let's get back to raising our daughters instead of the marketers doing it. ...more [notes] notes Notes are private! [recommender] recommender none [comments] comments 4 [votes] votes 10 [read count] # times read 1 [date started] date started Nov 24, 2010 [date read] date read Dec 25, 2010 [date added] date added Nov 24, 2010 [date purchased] date purchased [owned] owned [purchase location] purchase location [condition] condition [29] actions view (with text) [format]

Output: format Hardcover

Veronica's bookshelf: all (showing 1-30 of 763) (sorted by: votes)


Input: [0] checkbox [#] position [cover] cover [title] title Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls [author] author Simmons, Rachel * [isbn] isbn 0156027348 [isbn13] isbn13 9780156027342 [asin] asin [num pages] num pages 320 pp [avg rating] avg rating 3.82 [num ratings] num ratings 3,652 [date pub] date pub Dec 31, 2001 [date pub (ed.)] date pub edition Apr 01, 2003 [rating] Veronica's rating 5 of 5 stars [my rating] my rating 1 of 5 stars2 of 5 stars3 of 5 stars4 of 5 stars5 of 5 stars add to shelves [review] review The newly revised and updated edition of Odd Girl Out is a must have for every person who is parenting or educating a girl. This was the first book I g The newly revised and updated edition of Odd Girl Out is a must have for every person who is parenting or educating a girl. This was the first book I grabbed once my fall classes were over. Why? I think it's because I have a daughter. She's eight and in the 3rd grade and we've already had two incidents involving bullying. The first was in preschool and the second was last year. Both incidents were handled by teachers are administrators in a manner that Simmons suggests in Chapter 12: the road ahead for teachers and administrators. That chapter gives some wonderful suggestions on how to set up a school or even a classroom to be as bully-proof as possible. Obviously no place can be bully-proof, but one thing that Simmons points out is that one way to address bullying is to have a transparent and predictable system of consequences. If a student knows that Sally and Maria are the teacher's favorite and nothing they do gets them in real trouble, that student feels disempowered to act and report bullying she may be experiencing or witnessing. Having a consistent system of consequences also sends a clear message to students who bully that it will not be tolerated. Simmons doesn't advocate for a zero-tolerance policy that gets 7-year-olds expelled, rather a zero-tolerance policy that is just that, zero-tolerance for bullying a classmate. Three themes really struck me as key things to remember from this book. One is that schools have relied on girls to maintain a certain peace for years. And second is that this peace that we see in girls is really silence. Society teaches girls to silence their feelings in order to "be good." Bullying is not just how girls are. Not if we decide that it ends today. HERE. NOW. When we teach our girls to get over it, that "that's how life is, wait until your boss is a bully," we are teaching our girls to ignore that voice in their head and heart that says, "This is wrong. Walk away." The last theme is one that a friend and I were discussing a few weeks ago. Why are women afraid to promote themselves? I know that I can look back at my childhood and know that being "all that" was frowned upon. Pride in one's work could only be taken so far. Simmons really digs into how promoting oneself breaks one of the cardinal rules of being a girl -- fit in. You can't fit in if you let people know how awesome you are. Simmons updated her book to include a great chapter on cyberbullying. If you don't have time to read the whole book, skip right to chapter four: bff 2.0: cyberbullying and cyberdrama and chapter nine: parents speak. But you really should read the whole thing. Warning women reading this will experience flashbacks to high school. Men who read this may have a lot of WTF moments Read the full review at my blog, Viva la Feminista. ...more [notes] notes Notes are private! [recommender] recommender none [comments] comments 2 [votes] votes 7 [read count] # times read 1 [date started] date started not set [date read] date read not set [date added] date added Dec 30, 2011 [date purchased] date purchased [owned] owned [purchase location] purchase location [condition] condition [29] actions view (with text) [format]

Output: format Paperback

Veronica's bookshelf: all (showing 1-30 of 763) (sorted by: votes)