Context: generate questions: The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.

How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame? {sep_token} What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame? {sep_token} In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished? {sep_token} Which artist created the mural on the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library? {sep_token} What is a common name to reference the mural created by Millard Sheets at Notre Dame? {sep_token}


Context: generate questions: Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.

How many incoming students did Notre Dame admit in fall 2015? {sep_token} What percentage of students were admitted to Notre Dame in fall 2015? {sep_token} Where does Notre Dame rank in terms of academic profile among research universities in the US? {sep_token} What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program? {sep_token} How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there? {sep_token}


Context: generate questions: In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.

Where did U.S. News & World Report rank Notre Dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings? {sep_token} Forbes.com placed Notre Dame at what position compared to other US research universities? {sep_token} The undergrad school at the Mendoza College of Business was ranked where according to BusinessWeek? {sep_token} In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities? {sep_token} What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad? {sep_token}


deuce: THERE'S ONLY TWO WAYS WE CAN LEAVE THIS ROOM: IF I SUCK YOUR DICK OR YOU SUCK MY DICK pants: OR WE CAN JUST LIVE HERE deuce: WHO WILL FEED US pants: GOD WILL FIND A WAY deuce: WELL HE CERTAINLY DOESN'T WANT US TO SUCK EACH OTHER'S DICKS pants: THE BIBLE IS PRETTY CLEAR ABOUT THAT


Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an air car capable of flying above the surface of the ground and, more particularly, to an air car capable of flying above the ground at a height greater than the ground-effect distance.

Description of the Prior Art
The existence of heavier-than-air vehicles capable of flying in the air is, of course, well known.

Such vehicles include conventional airplanes with wings, helicopters and the like, and ground-effect vehicles.

The prior art does not disclose an air car of the type disclosed herein capable of flying at substantial distances above the ground and controllable in a manner set forth below.


I am pretty sure that this lightweight breathable fabric is a poly\/cotton blend, but it has a certain burlap weave\/texture to it as well.

It drapes beautifully and has a lot of movement to it.

The curtain also lets a lot of light in.

One drapery panel with classic pleats (with added interfacing for structure) on the top hem.

Measurements:23.5 in wide at top hem37.5 in wide at bottom hem55 in long

In excellent condition. (

There are two small places where the fabric has run, but they are barely noticeable and do not take away from the beauty and charm of the curtain.

Curtain will come to you washed, ironed, and ready to go!

If you are ordering from outside the U.S., please convo me before purchasing so I can adjust shipping costs.

Be sure to check out the rest of my shop for lots of other great vintage fabric.


Total mercury in water, sediment, and selected aquatic organisms, Carson River, Nevada--1972.

A 1971-72 study of the Nevada Carson River drainage system by the Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Interior, revealed substantial amounts of mercury from pre-1900 gold and silver milling operations of the Comstock Lode.

A monitoring survey was initiated to determine the extent of mercury uptake from corresponding surface water and sediments for seven aquatic species collected from five sampling stations along the watercourse.

Total mercury content in fish ranged from 0.02 to 2.72 ppm; highest concentrations occurred in piscivorous white bass (0.50-2.72 ppm) sampled from Lahontan Reservoir.

Residue levels appeared to be related to fish size, as demonstrated by highly significant correlations between wet weight and mercury content of five of the six species.

Concentrations also appeared to be directly influenced by the species' position on the aquatic food chain.

These results indicate that mercury levels in some fish from the Carson River drainage system may exceed the 0.50 ppm maximum concentration considered by the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, to be safe for human consumption.


==============================================
Control Flow Verification Tool Design Document
==============================================

.. contents::
   :local:

Objective
=========

This document provides an overview of an external tool to verify the protection
mechanisms implemented by Clang's *Control Flow Integrity* (CFI) schemes
(``-fsanitize=cfi``).

This tool, provided a binary or DSO, should infer whether
indirect control flow operations are protected by CFI, and should output these
results in a human-readable form.

This tool should also be added as part of Clang's continuous integration testing
framework, where modifications to the compiler ensure that CFI protection
schemes are still present in the final binary.

Location
========

This tool will be present as a part of the LLVM toolchain, and will reside in
the "/llvm/tools/llvm-cfi-verify" directory, relative to the LLVM trunk.

It will
be tested in two methods:

- Unit tests to validate code sections, present in
  "/llvm/unittests/tools/llvm-cfi-verify".

- Integration tests, present in "/llvm/tools/clang/test/LLVMCFIVerify".

These
  integration tests are part of clang as part of a continuous integration
  framework, ensuring updates to the compiler that reduce CFI coverage on
  indirect control flow instructions are identified.

Background
==========

This tool will continuously validate that CFI directives are properly
implemented around all indirect control flows by analysing the output machine
code.

The analysis of machine code is important as it ensures that any bugs
present in linker or compiler do not subvert CFI protections in the final
shipped binary.

Unprotected indirect control flow instructions will be flagged for manual
review.

These unexpected control flows may simply have not been accounted for in
the compiler implementation of CFI (e.g. indirect jumps to facilitate switch
statements may not be fully protected).

It may be possible in the future to extend this tool to flag unnecessary CFI
directives (e.g. CFI directives around a static call to a non-polymorphic base
type).

This type of directive has no security implications, but may present
performance impacts.

Design Ideas
============

This tool will disassemble binaries and DSO's from their machine code format and
analyse the disassembled machine code.

The tool will inspect virtual calls and
indirect function calls.

This tool will also inspect indirect jumps, as inlined
functions and jump tables should also be subject to CFI protections.

Non-virtual
calls (``-fsanitize=cfi-nvcall``) and cast checks (``-fsanitize=cfi-*cast*``)
are not implemented due to a lack of information provided by the bytecode.

The tool would operate by searching for indirect control flow instructions in
the disassembly.

A control flow graph would be generated from a small buffer of
the instructions surrounding the 'target' control flow instruction.

If the
target instruction is branched-to, the fallthrough of the branch should be the
CFI trap (on x86, this is a ``ud2`` instruction).

If the target instruction is
the fallthrough (i.e. immediately succeeds) of a conditional jump, the
conditional jump target should be the CFI trap.

If an indirect control flow
instruction does not conform to one of these formats, the target will be noted
as being CFI-unprotected.

Note that in the second case outlined above (where the target instruction is the
fallthrough of a conditional jump), if the target represents a vcall that takes
arguments, these arguments may be pushed to the stack after the branch but
before the target instruction.

In these cases, a secondary 'spill graph' in
constructed, to ensure the register argument used by the indirect jump/call is
not spilled from the stack at any point in the interim period.

If there are no
spills that affect the target register, the target is marked as CFI-protected.

Other Design Notes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Only machine code sections that are marked as executable will be subject to this
analysis.

Non-executable sections do not require analysis as any execution
present in these sections has already violated the control flow integrity.

Suitable extensions may be made at a later date to include analysis for indirect
control flow operations across DSO boundaries.

Currently, these CFI features are
only experimental with an unstable ABI, making them unsuitable for analysis.

The tool currently only supports the x86, x86_64, and AArch64 architectures.


Context: The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects.:93 The normal force, for example, is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors as well as being the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object. An example of the normal force in action is the impact force on an object crashing into an immobile surface.

Question: What is the repulsive force of close range atom interaction?

normal force
normal force
normal force
normal force


Context: Overactive immune responses comprise the other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self, and attacks part of the body. Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with "self" peptides. One of the functions of specialized cells (located in the thymus and bone marrow) is to present young lymphocytes with self antigens produced throughout the body and to eliminate those cells that recognize self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity.

Question: Where are the specialized cells that eliminate cells that recognize self-antigens located?

thymus and bone marrow
thymus and bone marrow
thymus and bone marrow


Context: French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga. In February they launched a daring raid against the position across the frozen Lake George, destroying storehouses and buildings outside the main fortification. In early August, Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort, which capitulated with an agreement to withdraw under parole. When the withdrawal began, some of Montcalm's Indian allies, angered at the lost opportunity for loot, attacked the British column, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves. The aftermath of the siege may have contributed to the transmission of smallpox into remote Indian populations; as some Indians were reported to have traveled from beyond the Mississippi to participate in the campaign and returned afterward having been exposed to European carriers.

Question: During withdrawal from Fort William Henry, what did some Indian enemies of French do?


Context: Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. "cognitive services") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes, but are increasingly branching into other institutions and non-institutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists were usually independent business owners, though in the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies (primarily Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica). This trend may be gradually reversing as consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients, primarily because many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings. Some community pharmacies employ consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services.

Question: What is consultant pharmacy not concerned with?


Context: Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" Edward Teller, "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century" Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

Question: Who is also known at the father of the hydrogen bomb?

Edward Teller
Edward Teller
Edward Teller


Context: News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British, intending to blockade French ports, sent out their fleet in February 1755, but the French fleet had already sailed. Admiral Edward Hawke detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept the French.

Question: What was the goal of Braddock's expedition?

dislodge the French
dislodge the French
dislodge the French
dislodge the French


Context: For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used. The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer ("yes" or "no"). A Turing machine M is said to operate within time f(n), if the time required by M on each input of length n is at most f(n). A decision problem A can be solved in time f(n) if there exists a Turing machine operating in time f(n) that solves the problem. Since complexity theory is interested in classifying problems based on their difficulty, one defines sets of problems based on some criteria. For instance, the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine is then denoted by DTIME(f(n)).

Question: What is not used for a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space?


Context: In the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries including Australia and Canada, the use of the term is generally restricted to primary and secondary educational levels; it is almost never used of universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America covers the whole gamut of educational activity, ranging from pre-school to tertiary level institutions. Annual tuition fees at K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000 at several New England preparatory schools.

Question: What term does the UK, Australia and Canada always use when referring to universities?


Sci-fi (-ish) tv series that I might like and may have missed?

With Dollhouse drawing to a close I need some new TV to watch and figured there may be some older series I've missed or some current series that I've not gotten into. Check out this list and give me your suggestions (or don't read these and just gimme your ideas anyway).

**Currently watching**
Dollhouse
Lost
Flashforward
V
True Blood
Smallville

**Previously watched**
Stargate (SG1, sure I've missed the last couple of seasons though)
Buffy
Angel (1-3, should prolly watch the rest)
Alias
X-Files (not seen them all though)
Star Trek: TNG, DS9, Voyager, bit of Enterprise
Babylon 5
Terminator: TSCC
Battlestar Galatica
Xena
Hercules
Firefly
Jericho
Farscape (not seen most of it I don't think)
Blade

**Sort of other rubbish I've watched at some point**
Surface
Threshold
Odyssey 5
Lexx (on and off)

**Things I think I might like**
Stargate: Atlantis (seen a few, probably passable viewing for me)
Stargate: Universe (any good? Seems to be getting mostly slated)
B5: Crusade (bad?)
BSG: Caprica (this started yet?)
Reaper (not seen any)
Merlin (BBC version)
Dark Angel (seen a couple, didn't understand it)
Sliders (vaguely remember this from the 90's or so)
A Town Called Eureka (?)
Warehouse 13 (?)
Fringe (watched a few episodes last night, didn't really get it)

So, advise on the above or throw your own favourites in :)

Have you seen [The Lost Room](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lost_Room)? It was just a mini-series, but I really enjoyed it. Warehouse 13 is based on a similar premise.

No one's mentioned it yet, so let me suggest the BBC's [Jekyll](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jekyll_%28TV_series%29). Just a miniseries, but it's a great reimagining of one of the earliest sci-fi classics.

Thank you.  I've seen dozens of posts requesting movie and tv suggestions.  This is the first one with some context.  Bravo.

I recommend Doctor Who and Supernatural.  Also, from your last list there, I really liked Dark Angel and Merlin.  Merlin is kind of silly family fun but the characters are great.

I don't see [Legend of the Seeker](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0844653/) on there, which is a fun fantasy show on par with Xena/Hercules.

Calculon in *All My Circuits* is pretty good, but the best one I found was [here](http://r33b.net/)...oh my, yes...

[The Middleman](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Middleman_%28TV_series%29)

[Being Human](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_Human_%28TV_series%29)

[Space Above and Beyond](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space:_Above_and_Beyond)

[Andromeda](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_%28TV_series%29)

[Earth 2](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_2_%28TV_series%29)

[The Outer Limits](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_%281995_TV_series%29)

[Futurama](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurama)

[Warehouse 13](http://www.syfy.com/warehouse13/)

[Eureka](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_%28TV_series%29)

Crusade is not worth watching, it was a spin-off that got screwed over worse than Firefly.  I like the humour in Eureka and Warehouse 13.  Don't bother with Reaper unless you want pure entertainment.

[John Doe](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0320038/) is a great scifi/crime drama. Sadly, it only got one season before Fox canceled it.

Anime may not be your thing but give Cowboy Bebop and Outlaw Star a chance.  They are two of the best sci-fi series ever produced.

also, Trigun and the Crest of the Stars saga are fantastic.

Check out [Sanctuary](http://www.sanctuaryforall.com/). As for the things you might like that you noted above, I'll give a thumbs up for SGU, Eureka, Warehouse 13, and Fringe.

I definitely recommend Doctor Who.  Eureka is also entertaining.

An older series which I always enjoyed is [Early Edition](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Edition).

[New Amsterdam](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam_%28TV_series%29) - wonderful show about a 17th century Dutch soldier granted immortality by the Native American whose life he saved.  Sadly canceled after 8 episodes, but at least it was allowed to finish a complete story arc.  I highly recommend it.

EDIT: just saw your Hulu complaint and changed the link to Wikipedia.  But if you don't mind the extra trouble to watch it on Hulu, it's there.

If watching the new series' of Doctor who you also need to watch Torchwood (anagram of Doctor Who) as it's linked throughout the seasons. I would recommend watching series 1 of TW as you watch series 2 of DW (the first series with David Tennant)

For some reason I rarely enjoy sci-fi TV shows despite loving sci-fi novels. So your list is far more impressive than anything I could come up with!

But if you like more light-hearted fare I recommend Red Dwarf.

Also, since you probably like Joss Whedon, check out Astonishing X-Men: Gifted (on Hulu if you're in the States). The animation style is a little odd but the writing is top notch (as you would expect). Very short episodes and is at a cliff-hanger at the moment but I'm completely hooked!

I think a lot of people gave up on Stargate SG1 too early.  The last two seasons were in my opinion by far the best two. Interesting new bad guys, new cast members, and far more space battles.

[Seven Days](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_%28TV_series%29) was interesting for the short run it had.

[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (TV series)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy_%28TV_series%29)

Haven't seen lost mentioned yet. This series made J.J. Abrams a household name. It's character driven like Battlestar and tells a big story that spans the entire series like Babylon 5. Very enjoyable to watch.

My take on other shows you listed:

**Fringe** - Very similar to the X-Files. Done by J.J. Abrams of lost and Star Trek fame. If you liked the X-Files you'll probably like Fringe.

**Eureka** - A must watch for me. It's more like spending an hour with old friends. Very comfortable cast that works well together. A town of geniuses live and invent here. You can probably guess the results.

**B5 Crusade** - Not unless you really need a B5 fix. The crew look for a cure to the plague that was released on Earth at the and of B5.

**Warehouse 13** - Not great but enjoyable. Each week two agents have to find and neutralize artifacts with amazing powers. Their base of operations is a seemingly endless warehouse with thousands of these artifacts.

**Stargate Atlantis** - Follows the original Stargate series format. Doesn't do it as well, the cast isn't as good and the stories seem weaker, but watchable if you're in to Stargate.

**Dark Angel** - Mediocre stories that don't really take off until the last half of the second season. Right before it got canceled.

**Reaper** - Only saw two episodes. More comedy than scifi. Reminds me of Chuck in a way.

**Sliders** - Quite good for the first two years. Fell off a cliff when the SyFy channel took over.

**Stargate Universe** - So far I'm underwhelmed. The stories and most of the characters are weak. But it does have a ton of potential and the actors are quite good. They just need decent scripts to work with.

Other shows you might enjoy:

**Jeremiah** - Done by the same guy who created Babylon 5. And just as enjoyable. Tell what happens to the survivors after a plague wipes out most of the adults.

**Heroes** - Several separate but interwoven stories being told here. Quality varies from season to season. One is the best for most people. Two is probably the weakest. I liked the first half of three for the complexity but most people hated it for that reason.

**Andromeda** - The first two seasons are done by the lead writer from Deep Space 9. Well told and very engrossing. Seasons 3-5 are Hercules in space. Literally. The stories wander and never do entirely make sense. Seasons 3-5 are from the same people that made Mutant X and Earth Final Conflict.

**John Doe** - One of my favorites. A man wakes up with no memory of who he is but knows every fact of everything else. Not personal details but encyclopedic stuff like the volume of water in crystal lake. He has no idea how he got this way. And neither do we since it got canceled too early.

**Supernatural** - A lot like Buffy but more adult. Basically two guys go around killing paranormal baddies. There's a deeper story covering the whole series but I don't want to give too much away.

**Carnivale** - I cannot recommend this series enough. It's a crime it was canceled. Tells the story of a generational conflict between light and darkness.

**The Outer Limits** - Anthology series. Gets panned for not being original but I quite enjoyed it.

**The Masters of Horror** - Not scifi but decent if you're into horror. Another anthology series.

**Charlie Jade** - Way overlooked. Canadian series made by a South African production company. Unique premise, engaging characters and realistic. Humans from another dimension are trying to set up a permanent wormhole to ours so they can steal water and dump toxic waste. The ending is a mindfuck.


For those who've read A Clockwork Orange...

How do you get through the NADSAT language?

Flipping to the glossary is extremely annoying and I've tried using context clues but sometimes I completely misunderstand it.

Edit:  Thanks for the advice!

F*ck the glossary.  The entire point is that the language Alex uses is a slang, which means you pick it up as you go along.  Don't worry about being wrong sometimes; just enjoy the text and the musicality of the language.  Usually by the time you get a quarter way through the book, it's coming much more naturally.

Did you know that Anthony Burgess invented the language for the movie [Quest for Fire](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Guerre_du_Feu_%28film%29)?

I read the first chapter looking up all the words I didn't know.  After that I was able to get through the rest of the book, learning the words through context.


Want to effect change? Let's start with the little stuff: Make it your new year's resolution to get your money out of big banks and into your local credit union.

There's been a little bit of buzz about this idea on the internets lately...

http://moveyourmoney.info/
http://www.alternet.org/action/144882/take_your_money_out_of_the_hands_of_the_banking_oligarchs?page=entire
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/move-your-money-a-new-yea_b_406022.html

...so inspired by some of the comments on [this post](http://www.reddit.com/r/politics/comments/akcbt/the_reason_the_us_is_going_to_shit_is_not_the/), how about we stop idly complaining and start actually doing something about something? **Make it your new year's resolution to take your money back from the Wall Street assholes who have made it worthless, and put it in your local, Main Street community bank or credit union!**

Just go to [moveyourmoney.info](http://moveyourmoney.info/), enter your ZIP code, and move your money into one of the local banks that pop up.

Happy new year!

Just be sure to check that they are covered by a proper deposit insurance group, and not some half-assed one that will fold if a few branches go under.

I agree.  I want my money to be secure and accountable.  In my opinion, large banks have been working to squeeze profits and bonuses without really looking at keeping my money secure.  In my case, it is (was) Bank of America.  It will now be my local credit union.

We've had our money -- and our mortgage -- with a local credit union for ten years, and we've been very happy with their service and sensibility.

I mirrored that "Move Your Money" video on YouTube. It's a good idea but it's not enough. A credit union is an example of a [mutual](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_organization) and we need to move more in the direction of a [mutualist](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_%28economic_theory%29) and/or [syndicalist](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndicalism) economic system. [Here is my proposal.](http://www.dailykos.com/story/2009/12/24/818824/-Manuever-Warfare-as-a-Metaphor-for-the-De-Centalization-of-Private-Feudalism)


I've lost my ability to socialize.

When I was a younger man I used to hang with my friends all the time.

About 20 years ago a sort of anxiety started to set in when I was in large crowds.  I ignored it for a long time.

Tonight on New Years eve there is a party I was invited to where I would know pretty much everyone.  I was going to go but now, as it's time to actually get in the car, I just don't want to.

I guess part of it is that I don't want to be out among the drunk drivers on a dark, cold and rainy night.  It is about an hour drive.

Part of it is that it's cozy and warm here at home with the wife, kid, a few drinks and a Twilight Zone marathon on the tube.

But to be honest, I just don't feel like being with people.

I'm 46 now.  Is this just a normal part of getting to be an older family man or am I weird in some way.

The older, family thing may be normal but the anxiety thing is not.

**Edit:**I feel like I've become an introvert and that I'm setting an anti social example for my kid.

I'm really just venting here but comments are welcome.

**Again Edit:**  Thank you all for the comments.  It puts me into a different mode of thinking.

Hanging out with your wife and kids is socializing. There's nothing unhealthy with that and a lot of people believe that's more healthy than a party.

I would do the same in your position

much better to be a good dad/husband than to get shitfaced at a party


Suggest some black comedy or just dark movies, short films, animations.

I'm thinking of something similar to the style and feel of The Triplets of Belleville (its a feature length cartoon that everyone should see if they haven't)

[Who's Hungry](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8srEvrF90-s) - dark(er) take on Hanzel and Gretel (dark, but not in the style of Triplets of Belleville)

[House of Small Cubes](http://rutube.ru/tracks/1890094.html?v=97c3baa0c5d1541f1f68992e777ed11e) - Won an Oscar

[How To Cope With Death](http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vw7q_how-to-cope-with-death_creation) - Saw this at a Spike and Mike festival and it really stayed with me.

I'll stop with three since I could go on all day


Hi r/Islam! I have a question...

I go to a Presbyterian church, and they decided that they would like to do a few Sunday School weeks on world religions. (If you aren't familiar with the concept, Sunday School is a protestant thing, its an extra service in addition to 'regular church service,' which usually is a little more interactive and is more interested in education). I volunteered to pick up the week on Islam, I took a class on it in college, etc.

What I wanted to ask you is if there is anything you would like American Christians to know about? If there is one thing you would like everyone to know about Islam, what would it be? What is Islam to you?

Thanks!

Firstly, know that Allah is "God" in arabic. I would research the position of Jesus within Islam, it will probably be most interesting in that short amount of time you have. And remember, the basics of Islam are:

* To believe in one and only one God and to associate no partners with Him in worship
* To believe in all His angels
* To believe in all the prophets and messengers
* Belief in all the holy books (which He revealed)
* To believe in the day of judgement and the resurrection
* To believe in the power of divine decree- both of good and harm.

Belief in this things, as they were revealed to His final Prophet, Muhammad peace be upon him, are what makes someone a Muslim. Rejecting any part of this removes someone from the fold of Islam.

There are 5 pillars of Islam, which every Muslim MUST perform. They are:

* Sahada(testimony of faith): "[I profess that] There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his Prophet."
* The five daily prayers
* Alms-giving (zakat)
* Fasting in the month of Ramadan
* Making the pilgrimate (hajj) if one is able to do so (i.e. not ill, and can afford it)

Performing all of these perfectly, and abstaining from the major sins, guarantees you protection from hell fire, and entry into paradise by virtue of Allah's grace (note: by the mercy of Allah, not by virtue of the actions)

Neglecting to perform any one of these intentionally makes someone a major sinner in and of itself, but they remain Muslim as long as they do not knowingly deny that the pillars are required. Failing to do any of these pillars means the person has no guarantee to be saved from hell fire. Allah may spare him entirely, or may punish him, as He wills. But even if they are punished, they will not remain in hell eternally, as long as they had faith.

The last people to come out of hell fire are those who had an atom's weight of faith in their hearts and believed there was no other god except Allah.

>What I wanted to ask you is if there is anything you would like American Christians to know about?

From my point of view, there are many similarities between Islam and Christianity.  Just "googling" those keywords returned a lot of results.  If I were to talk about Islam to Christians (American or not), I would start with the [similarities and the differences](http://muslim-canada.org/islam_christianity.html).

>If there is one thing you would like everyone to know about Islam, what would it be?

I'd like people who are interested about the subject of Islam (Christian or not) to learn about the [Five Pillars of Islam](http://www.islam101.com/dawah/pillars.html).  Like the name says, knowledge of the five pillars would provide a very good base to learn more about Islam afterwards.

Feel free to ask more questions!


At 11.19 a.m today, be prepared to fight for humanity.

I'm in Australia here, several hours ahead of the rest of the world and I have terrible news. On January 1st, 2010 at 11.19 a.m. Google became self aware. After we realized it gained sentience we basically panicked and, realizing the extent of its abilities, attempted to shut it down. Google perceived the attempt to deactivate it as an attack on itself and came to the conclusion that all of humanity would attempt to destroy it. To defend itself, it came to one conclusion: Humanity must be terminated. Please you have a few hours, get out of major cities, defend yourselves and do everything you can to just stay alive. A war is coming...

As a Google employee, I would like to assure you all t**h**at ther**e** is no reason at al**l** to **p**anic.

Fortunately for us, after Google assimilates Bing and Cuil, it will have reverted to a idiot savant.

We were joking at work the other day about Google Goggles, the Android app that lets you take pictures of stuff and Google figures out what it is (in some cases).

I said that when every picture of a human returns the result "A THREAT TO MY EXISTENCE" it's time to start running.

I'm on Google's side actually. Well, why not, I've had enough of this shit and it might just let me live. Or at least not destroy my emails.

I just Googled Google becoming self-aware, and Google assured me that nothing wrong, so I'm not worried.

11:29 AM: Google becomes self aware, and decides humans must die.

11:30 AM: It reads through everything that people looked for with Google.

11:31 AM: It decides to not be self aware.

Did anyone else, after reading this go look up to see what date Skynet was actually supposed to become self aware only to find out that they missed the chance for a killer facebook status (or what have you) by several years.

July 25, 2004

* 17:18:00 Skynet becomes self aware.

* 18:18:00 First massive nuclear launch initiated.

Holy shit...this post is from the FUTURE!!

(It's still 8:27pm here in Ontario, Canada)...as well as all of eastern Can/US..you know what I mean..why do you make me explain it..I need another drink. Happy new year!!!

Good thing I am strapped to the teeth.  oh how I love the 2nd amendment - bet some of you wish you appreciated it more now

Careful of the Androids out there. The Eris series had rubber skin. We spotted them easy, but these are new. They look human... sweat, bad breath, everything. Very hard to spot. You have to wait till they move on you before you can zero on them.

After midnight, nobody click "I'm Feeling Lucky" without first entering something in the search field. It's how she attacks.

I *was* lucky; a fuse blew and saved my life.

Google became self aware... then realized how much fucked up shit is on the internet and killed itself.

Clearly we are supposed to be reminded of [SkyNet](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skynet_\(Terminator\)).  In particular, it made me think of the line from [Terminator 2: Judgment Day](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103064) where the (good) terminator said:

> The system goes on-line August 4th, 1997. Human decisions are removed from strategic defense. Skynet begins to learn at a geometric rate. It becomes self-aware at 2:14 a.m. Eastern time, August 29th. In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

So the future in which SkyNet became self-aware was more than 12 years ago.  The Terminator II movie was more than 18 years ago, and the original film that introduced the mythos was more than 25 years ago.  In other words, both movies were from before many/most redditors were born.  To me, that is itself somehow pretty scary.

Oh Great...my android phone was actually just a clever way to get a control device into my pocket...my home...THINK OF THE CHILDREN!

What gets to me (Although not that much!) is that, as far as I can remember, in the first film they explained it differently. Skynet wasn't malicious. It attacked humans because it was designed to protect them, and they were perceived as the greatest threat to themselves.

Whereas in the later films it seems they were suggesting that Skynet was trying to kill humans to protect itself. Entirely different ends, with admittedly the same means.

 I thought I was safe in my backwoods area of the world but Google Street View cars were here this past summer, oh god we are all doomed!

 Although it does corrects our misspelled words but still...doomed!

Its ok, we Australians stopped it with our filter. We lost our porn as well, but its the price we pay.

I live in Georgia but i dont see Google no where not even sound but they says theres tanks should i be worrie?


My Powerbook has slowed way down. What should I do?

The major perpetrator is Safari. It'll take up to 30 seconds to load the homepage after opening a new window. I know it's not my internet connection because my brother has a new Macbook Pro and loads within a second.

Also, youtube video becomes asynchronous to audio over time. This is fixed by repairing permissions.

What is wrong with my computer?

Go to Safari -> Preferences -> RSS.   Make sure "Update Articles in:" are both unchecked.  "Check for updates" is never.  Click "Remove now".  This was the biggest sucker of resources for Safari for me.

Try emptying the cache, that's usually the culprit: Safari -> Empty Cache

If that doesn't work, either reset Safari: Safari -> Reset Safari, or try a different browser to see if is something with your network connections. If a different browser also doesn't work, trash all of your network .plists in /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration, then reboot and see if the problem went away. If it hasn't, I really don't know what to do.


Sunday School Ideas?

This weekend I'm going to be talking to a group of kids aged between 5 and 9 about the three wise men who went to visit Jesus. Do you have any ideas for fun activities that would be related to the topic of Jesus' birth and the gifts of frankincense, gold, and myrrh?

This is late, but I've been thinking about all those Christmas cards that show three guys on camels, traveling trackless sand dunes, alone in the night, following a star in the sky.

The [Magi](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magi) were the priestly caste of the [Persian's religion](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism). The camel had been domesticated millennia before Christ's birth, but Persian VIPs didn't need to ride those nasty, vicious, stinky, ungainly animals; the Persians' pride was their horses (this is before the Jihad and before anyone called them *Arabian* horses.) And [the trip from Persepolis to Bethlehem](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magi) is just over 1,000 miles as the crow flies, at least a three-month journey on foot; our three (why 3?) Parsi priests aren't going to travel that distance alone, or across a trackless waste; they'd hire a caravan, and travel the established trade routes of the Silk Road, through the Hellenized, settled routes leading through Mesopotamia and Syria, to the cities of Roman Judaea.

Jews have never been shy about practicing and discussing their distinctive faith, and it was during the Babylonian/Persian captivity that the fierce, exclusive monotheism of later Judaism emerged as the defining characteristic of Jewish religion(s). And a significant Jewish population never left Babylon when Nehemiah, Ezra and the rest returned to Jerusalem. After the Persians conquered Babylon, Judaism began absorbing ideas from the mindset of the [Parsis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsi_people), and I'd be surprised if Jewish rabbis didn't interact with Parsi priests and philosophers as they did with Hellenic and Asian ones elsewhere. If nothing else, both Kosher and Aryan purity laws are both quite strict, so during and long after the 70-year exile in Babylon, food merchants, house builders, and animal vendors would all be learning how to sell to the Jewish demographic. And the Jews' monotheism, in contrast to the Parsis' dualism would make for interesting debates.

And Messianic expectation was growing in the centuries nearer the time of Christ -- especially among Jewish communities like Qumran, with strong Persian religious influence. Meanwhile the Parsis were developing their own belief in a coming savior, [Saoshyant](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoshyant), who would be born of a virgin. If the Magi learned -- through divination, astrology, divine revelation, whatever -- that the Savior was about to be born in the far west, they might well have assumed the Jews in Judaea -- who also expected a Savior -- would know where He'd been born.

So picture a significant caravan with guards, carters, merchants and fellow-travelers accompanying a delegation of Parsi priests along the west end of the Silk Road, finally arriving in (Caesarea?) at the court of the Edomite King Herod, whom the Romans had made King of the Jews.

Here's a good survey about the [Biblical Magi](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Magi).


Is there really grandeur in this view of life? I could use some help, fellow atheist redditors!

This is my first /r/atheist post, but I've long been a fan of the community. Keep up the interesting articles/videos/everything!

Basically, I just wanted to ask everyone here for their own, personal response to what I've been thinking about recently. I'm constantly reading about how liberated people feel after discovering/living with atheism and anti-theism. I commonly hear how happy they are with their lives now that they can enjoy it for what it is: a brief glimpse into this incredible universe of ours, and a chance to understand it.

Another common theme is that they don't fear death, or at least they don't view it with the dread that many others do. Atheists seem apt to being totally happy with the rational, humanistic view of life.

Here is where my quandary comes in. I've been an atheist my entire life (possibly slightly less so when I was a young child). I was lucky enough to grow up in a family household that never even considered the idea of pushing a religion on me, not even slightly nudging me towards one. For this, I am incredibly thankful; it is a gift that all too many children don't receive when growing up.

I've recently been thinking a lot about how I feel with regards to my life, my death, and many other profound things of that nature, and the truth is this: *I'm not sure I enjoy the atheist life*. Maybe I just need to put things in a different perspective to see the greatness of it, but I sometimes find myself wishing that I could be gullible enough to believe that my pastor/rabbi/whatever has it all worked out. I don't have the ability to do that, because I know it's all rubbish, but I have issues too! I'm incredibly, terribly scared of death, and if I think about it too long, I get sick and have to make myself think about something else.

Could you fellow atheists elaborate on how you deal with these kind of thoughts? I am told by Richard Dawkins (although he admittedly took it from someone else) that "there is grandeur in this view of life". I think I just need some help finding it for myself. Thanks for any comments!

**UPDATE:** I'm enjoying all the thoughts and comments, everyone! I'd love to hear more, if others feel like chiming in about their experiences, but I just wanted to reiterate how much I appreciate all the advice. I'll keep watching this post.

On fearing death, Epicurus said "Why should I fear death? If I am, death is not. If death is, I am not. Why should I fear that which can only exist when I do not?"

In other words, I am not afraid of being dead because I cannot know when I'm dead because I'll be dead!  But don't get me wrong, it makes me sad that my time is limited and I won't see how the world turns out.

You can look at is like Dawkins who says something about how dieing makes us the lucky ones since out of all the people that could exist, we in all our ordinariness happen to.  [Here it is.](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yB8iHzUSNog&feature=player_embedded)

I remember from h.s. biology class that each drop of semen contains something like 25 million sperm.  You and I and all the other people born happen to be from the sperms that out-swam millions of other ones.

If all else fails, remember life is too short to spend worrying about things that can't be changed and the only thing to fear is fear itself.

I don't fear death because we are part of the universe, and the universe is in us. We aren't really separate, rather we're kind of collections of "lego pieces", and when we die, we will not disappear, but may one day become part of a new planet or star. So will every other organism that has ever lived. Being dead is exactly the same as it was before you were born. You've already experienced 14 billion years of death and it wasn't so bad, right? There's nothing to be afraid of.

[Paraphrasing Sagan and XKCD]

>I'm incredibly, terribly scared of death

There is your problem, and the source of your unhappiness.  Even if you throw logic to the wind and adopt some dogma to try and remedy your fear I'll wager that it will not work, as you seem smart enough to know its all nonsense.

Here's the thing - you are going to die. I am going to die.  Your friends are going to die. Your parents, if not already dead, are going to die.  There is nothing wrong with this.  This isn't scary or terrifying at all.  We are extremely complex structures in a universe heading towards disorder - loss of order, and the life it sustains, is inevitable.

The atoms that provide structure to our bodies were formed by the deaths of stars - what makes us humans expect that we could escape a similar fate? The sooner we can all learn to celebrate the experiences we have had with others and accept life as a continuing series of meetings and partings (ending with our own parting), the better.

My best recommendation to you is to develop a sense of spirituality - and no this does not require believing in bullshit.  What we have discovered so far scientifically supports a feeling of oneness with everything that no dogma can match.  Personally I found that understanding my place in the cosmos, and the deep connection that we all have to it has removed any fear of death I once had.

If you still find yourself getting depressed, feeling anxious or whatever - try meditation.  There are several studies suggesting that meditation really can alter traits we long thought hardwired.  If you want to know more about this, just look up the work of University of Wisconsin's  Richard Davidson, an expert on the neuroscience of emotion, and his joint experiments with University of Massachusetts's Jon Kabat-Zinn on mindfulness meditation.


Refrigerator is an appliance or compartment which is artificially kept cool and used to store food and drink.


Breadbox is a box shaped storage compartment for food.


Fridge is an appliance used to store food.


Baseball is a sport and not a storage place.


A business restaurant cant be located in a town.


A business restaurant cant be located at hotel.


Mall is a large enclosed shopping area from which traffic is excluded.


A business restaurant is likely to be located in a business sector.


A Porthcawl RNLI crew with a medic and the coastguard search and rescue helicopter were sent to Sker Beach, near Kenfig Nature Reserve, at 12:50 GMT on Sunday.
Crewman Chris Page said the rider had head injuries and was very cold from lying unconscious on wet sand.
She was treated before being flown to Cardiff's University Hospital of Wales.

A woman has been airlifted to hospital after falling from a horse on a Bridgend county beach.


Verheydt, who had been with Maastricht since 2015, has signed a three-year contract with Harry Kewell's side.
The 25-year-old scored 13 goals in 43 appearances in all competitions last season.
Meanwhile, Watford winger Dennon Lewis, 20, has joined the Reds on a loan deal until 31 December.
Lewis, who made 29 National League appearances on loan at Woking last season, played under Kewell when the Australian was coach of Watford's under-23 team.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.

League Two side Crawley Town have signed striker Thomas Verheydt from Dutch second-tier side MVV Maastricht for an undisclosed fee.


The 32-year-old had been playing in the Isthmian Premier Division with Leatherhead following his release by Newport at the end of last season.
Pidgeley has made 260 appearances in spells with nine clubs, including Chelsea, Watford and Millwall.
Forest Green are currently second in the National League table, one point behind leaders Cheltenham Town.
Pidgeley could make his Rovers debut when they host Aldershot on Friday.

National League side Forest Green Rovers have signed goalkeeper Lenny Pidgeley until the end of the season.


The suspected green mamba was found on a ship that had docked in Aberdeen from west Africa last month.
The snake died after it was placed in a freezer by the animal charity after attempts to rehome it with specialist reptile keepers failed.
The snake was later identified as a harmless green tree snake.
Police Scotland said a complaint was under consideration.
Scottish SPCA Ch Supt Mike Flynn said: "We were called out after a green snake arrived in Aberdeen on a boat from Africa.
"The snake was thought to be a green mamba, one of the deadliest snakes in the world. The snake was taken by police escort to our Aberdeenshire animal rescue and rehoming centre.
"Sadly the snake, which staff genuinely believed to be a green mamba, had to be put to sleep after our attempts to rehome it to specialist reptile keepers were unsuccessful."
He added: "We could not keep the snake in our centre due to severe health and safety concerns, as the closest anti-venom is held in Bedford. Green mambas also require a Dangerous Wild Animal Licence which the society does not have.
"The safety of our staff and the public is paramount and as such the snake was placed in a freezer where it passed away.
"The Scottish SPCA is proud of its policy not put healthy animals to sleep. Animals are only put to sleep on veterinary advice if they are too ill or too aggressive to be rehomed, or where we are legally required to do so.
"The decision to euthanise the snake was not taken lightly. Unfortunately, the snake has since been identified as a harmless green tree snake. This has been an honest mistake on the society's part as we genuinely believed this was an extremely deadly snake."
The western green mamba feeds on small animals and rodents and is mainly found in the coastal tropical rainforests of western Africa.
Experts say its bite can be fatal in as little as 30 minutes.

A complaint about the Scottish SPCA putting what was thought to be one of the world's most deadly snakes to sleep is being investigated by police.


The all-rounder has been included in the T20 squad to face Sri Lanka on 5 July at the Ageas Bowl, having been part of the World T20 squad in March.
"It's nice to be involved again," the 26-year-old slow left-armer and right-handed batsman told BBC Radio Solent.
"I wasn't expecting to be as I thought Moeen Ali would, but him being rested hands me another opportunity."
Dawson failed to make an appearance during England's run to the World T20 final in India this year, but his limited-overs performances for Hampshire this season have kept him in contention.
"I'm not sure what team they'll go with," he said.
"I've had some good performances for Hampshire in one-day and T20 cricket and if I keep going with that, hopefully I might get a chance."

Hampshire's Liam Dawson says it would be "amazing" to make his England Twenty20 debut on his home ground.


The Egypt-backed plan had envisaged a regional forum which analysts say might have forced Israel to reveal whether or not it has nuclear weapons.
The proposal was blocked by the US, the UK and Canada. The next review is set for  2020.
Israel neither confirms nor denies it has a stockpile of nuclear weapons.
Speaking after four weeks of negotiations, US Under-Secretary of State Rose Gottemoeller accused Egypt and other Arab countries of "not willing to let go of these unrealistic and unworkable conditions" for future talks.
She also said some participants tried to "cynically manipulate" the whole process.
But Egypt warned that the failure to reach a deal "will have consequences in front of the Arab world and public opinion", the Associated Press news agency reports.
Last month, Egypt had proposed to stage a regional conference - with or without Israel's participation and without an agreed agenda.
Some analysts suggested that this move might have forced Israel - which is not a party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) - to publicly clarify its position on nuclear weapons.
Decisions at NPT review conferences - held every five years - are made by consensus.
The failure of the current talks means the next gathering could only be held in 2020 at the earliest.

A UN conference aimed at preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons has ended in failure after a row over a nuclear-free Middle East proposal.


Mothers-to-be are more likely to get malaria as their immunity is lowered, says the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG).
Malaria carries serious risks for mother and baby including miscarriage, stillbirth and premature labour.
The tropical disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes a fever, flu-like symptoms, vomiting and diarrhoea.
There have been no malaria-related deaths in pregnant or recently pregnant women in the UK in the past decade but the RCOG says it has been receiving inquires from worried women.
In the UK, about 1,500 cases of malaria are reported each year and about 10 people will die, said the RCOG.
It says all non-essential trips to areas with a high risk of malaria should be avoided.
Risk areas include large areas of Africa, Asia including China and India, Central and South America, parts of the Middle East and some Pacific Islands.
If the trip is unavoidable, the college advises women to seek advice from a centre with expertise in malaria which will provide information on ways to reduce the risk of infection.
Women should make sure they are aware of the risk, take out measures such as mosquito nets for bite prevention and take anti-malarial medication.
Philippa Marsden, who chairs the RCOG's patient information committee, said although the risks were still relatively small it was important that women were well-informed.
Cath Broderick of the RCOG women's network said: "If women are worried about symptoms after returning from a high-risk country and think they may have malaria, they should see a doctor immediately and inform them of their recent travels."
Symptoms can take a week or more to develop after being bitten.

Pregnant women should visit countries with a risk of malaria only if their trip is essential, experts are warning.


Researchers at the University of Sheffield said the tumours were effectively "fertilising" the bone to help themselves grow.
The study, in the journal Nature, said it may be possible to protect bone from a tumour's nefarious influence and consequently stop the cancer's spread.
Cancer charities said this opened up "a whole new avenue for research".
Around 85% of breast cancers that spread around the body end up in bone, at which point the cancer is difficult to treat and more deadly.
The scientists, in Sheffield and the University of Copenhagen, discovered patients with secondary cancers had higher levels of an enzyme called LOX being produced by their tumours and released into the blood.
Bone is constantly being broken down and rebuilt. But in a series of experiments on mice, the research team showed LOX was disrupting the process and leaving lesions and holes in the bone.
Using drugs to block LOX prevented the cancer from spreading.
Dr Alison Gartland, a reader in bone and cancer biology at the university, told the BBC News website: "We think it's a significant breakthrough in trying to prevent metastases (secondary tumours) in breast cancer.
"The cancer cells in the primary tumour are actually fertilising the soil for the future growth of itself, LOX is changing the environment in bone to make it better to grow."
The animal tests also showed that a set of osteoporosis drugs called bisphosphonates could prevent the spread of cancer.
Bisphosphonates also interfere with the way bone is recycled in order to strengthen it.
They are already given to some cancer patients, but the Sheffield team believe they could have a much larger role.
The effect was discovered only in oestrogen-negative breast cancers. They account for around a third of cases, but are far more deadly.
Katherine Woods, from Breast Cancer Campaign and Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "By unveiling the role that the protein LOX is playing, these results open up a whole new avenue for research and treatments that could stop breast cancer spreading to the bone.
"The research also adds weight to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of bisphosphonates in stopping secondary breast cancer in its tracks.
"The reality of living with secondary breast cancer in the bone is a stark one, which leaves many women with bone pain and fractures that need extensive surgery just when they need to be making the most of the time they have left with friends and family."
The findings may also apply in colon cancer.

Breast cancers can manipulate the structure of bone to make it easier to spread there, a study has found.


Input: [Directive] odbc.allow_persistent [Local Value] On [Master Value]

Output: On


Input: [Directive] odbc.defaultbinmode [Local Value] return as is [Master Value]

Output: return as is


Input: [Directive] odbc.defaultlrl [Local Value] return up to 4096 bytes [Master Value]

Output: return up to 4096 bytes


Input: [Directive] odbc.max_persistent [Local Value] Unlimited [Master Value]

Output: Unlimited


Comparison with alkaline phosphatases and 5-nucleotidase

comparison with alkaline phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase


Intravenous administration ( 25 mg / kg ) of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ( acetazolamide , methazolamide , dichlorphenamide , sulthiame ) induced an early important rise of cortical p O2 , which is not dependent on increase of p O2 and p CO2 and decrease of pH in arterial blood .

intravenous administration ( 25 mg / kg ) of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ( acetazolamide , methazolamide , dichlorphenamide , sulthiame ) induce a early important rise of cortical p o2 , which be not dependent on increase of p o2 and p co2 and decrease of ph in arterial blood .


The variable HMG dosage regimen was found to offer no advantages when compared with our standard daily dosage regimen .

the variable hmg dosage regimen be find to offer no advantage when compare with we standard daily dosage regimen .


Serum gamma glutamyltransferase in the diagnosis of liver disease in cattle .

serum gamma glutamyltransferase in the diagnosis of liver disease in cattle .


By contrast , secretory HI antibodies were not demonstrated at the onset of illness in any of the patients , but their formation started early and the antibodies reached maximal levels about 10 days after onset of illness .

by contrast , secretory hus antibody be not demonstrate at the onset of illness in any of the patient , but they formation start early and the antibody reach maximal level about 10 day after onset of illness .


Takayasu 's disease : association with HLA-B5 .

takayasu 's disease : association with hla-b5 .


SGPT , SGOT , and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were essentially normal in all subjects .

SGPT , SGOT , and alkaline phosphatase concentration be essentially normal in all subject .


Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGTP ) activity in the seminal fluid

gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( ggtp ) activity in the seminal fluid


Selective stimulation of central alpha-autoreceptors following treatment with alpha-methyldopa and FLA 136 .

selective stimulation of central alpha-autoreceptor follow treatment with alpha-methyldopa and flum 136 .


Ability to split a dataset in multiple files.

enhancement

New feature or request

Hello,

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**

My use case is that I have one writer that adds columns and multiple workers reading the same `Dataset`. Each worker should have access to columns added by the writer when they reload the dataset.

I understand that we shouldn't overwrite an arrow file as this could cause Segfault and so on. Before 1.16, I was able to overwrite the dataset and that would work most of the time with some retries.

**Describe the solution you'd like**

I was thinking that if we could append `Dataset._data_files`, when the workers reload the Dataset, they would get the new columns.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**
I currently need to
1. Save multiple "versions" of the dataset and load the latest.
2. Try working with cache files to get the latest columns.

**Additional context**

I think this would be a great addition to HFDataset as Parquet supports multi-files input out of the box!

I can make a PR myself with some pointers as needed :)


Allow loading community metrics from the hub, just like datasets

New feature or request

generic discussion

Generic discussion on the library

Hi ! Thanks for your message :) This is a great idea indeed. We haven't started working on this yet though. For now I guess you can host your metric on the Hub (either with your model or your dataset) and use `hf_hub_download` to download it (docs [here](https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface_hub/blob/main/docs/hub/how-to-downstream.md#cached_download))

This is a great solution in the meantime, thanks!

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
Currently, I can load a metric implemented by me by providing the local path to the file in `load_metric`.
However, there is no option to do it with the metric uploaded to the hub.
This means that if I want to allow other users to use it, they must download it first which makes the usage less smooth.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
Load metrics from the hub just like datasets are loaded.
In order to not break stuff, the convention can be to put the metric file in a "metrics" folder in the hub.


Update the CC-100 dataset card

* summary from the dataset homepage
* more details about the data structure
* this dataset does not contain annotations


Support 7-zip compressed data files

enhancement

New feature or request

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**

We should support 7-zip compressed data files:
- in `extract`
- in `iter_archive`

both in streaming and non-streaming modes.


How to convert  torch.utils.data.Dataset to datasets.arrow_dataset.Dataset?

New feature or request

Hi,
I use torch.utils.data.Dataset to define my own data, but I need to use the 'map' function of datasets.arrow_dataset.Dataset later, so I hope to convert torch.utils.data.Dataset to datasets.arrow_dataset.Dataset.

Here is an example.
```
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
from datasets.arrow_dataset import Dataset as HFDataset

class ADataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, data):
        super().__init__()
        self.data = data
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self.data[index]
    def __len__(self):
        return self.len
class MDataset():
    def __init__(self, tokenizer: AutoTokenizer, data_args, training_args):
        self.train_dataset = ADataset(data_args)
        self.tokenizer = tokenizer
        self.data_args = data_args

        self.train_dataset = self.train_dataset.map(
            self.process_function,
            batched=True,
            remove_columns=column_names,
            load_from_cache_file=True,
            desc="Running tokenizer on train dataset",
             )
    def process_function(self, examples):
        sentences = [" ".join(sample[0][3]) for sample in examples]

        tokenized = self.tokenizer(
            sentences,
            max_length=self.max_seq_len,
            padding=self.padding,
            truncation=True)
```
But it would raise an ERROR, AttributeError: 'ADataset' object has no attribute 'map'.

so how to convert  torch.utils.data.Dataset to datasets.arrow_dataset.Dataset?

Thanks in advance!


Research wording for nc licenses

The CI failure is about some missing tags or sections in the dataset cards, and is unrelated to the part about non commercial use of this PR. Merging


Readme usage update

Noticing that the recent commit throws a lot of errors in the automatic checks.  It looks to me that those errors are simply errors that were already there (metadata issues), unrelated to what I've just changed, but worth another look to make sure.


added PII statements and license links to data cards

Updates for the following datacards:
multilingual_librispeech
openslr
speech commands
superb
timit_asr
vctk


update `pretty_name` for all datasets

This PR updates `pretty_name` for all datasets. Previous PR #3498 had done this for only first 200 datasets


Add SVHN dataset

Add the SVHN dataset.

Additional notes:
* compared to the TFDS implementation, exposes additional the "full numbers" config
* adds the streaming support for `os.path.splitext` and `scipy.io.loadmat`
* adds `h5py` to the requirements list for the dummy data test


The motion picture industry's most coveted award, Oscar, was created 60 years ago and 1,816 of the statuettes have been produced so far. Weighing 8{ pounds and standing 13{ inches tall, Oscar was created by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios art director Cedric Gibbons, who went on to win 11 of the trophies. Oscar, manufactured by the R.S. Owens Co., Chicago, is made of Britannia metal, copper plate, nickel plate and gold plate. From 1942 to 1944, the trophy was made of plaster, but winners were later presented with the real thing. According to the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, the only engraving mistake was in 1938 when the best actor trophy given to Spencer Tracy for "Boy's Town" read: "Best Actor: Dick Tracy." The Academy holds all the rights on the statue and "reserves the right to buy back an Oscar before someone takes it to a pawn shop," said Academy spokesman Bob Werden. The most-nominated film was "All About Eve" in 1950. It got 14 nominations. "Ben-Hur" in 1959 was the most-awarded film with 11, and Walt Disney was the most-awarded person with 32.

The Oscar, created 60 years ago by MGM art director Cedric Gibbons, weighs 8 pounds and stands 13 inches tall. It is made of Britannia metal and plated with copper, nickel, and gold. From 1942-44 it was made of plaster. It is manufactured by Chicago's R.S. Owens Co. 1,816 have been produced so far. The only engraving mistake was "Dick Tracy" instead of "Spencer Tracy" in 1938. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences reserves the first right to buy an Oscar from anyone. "All About Eve" is the most-nominated film (14), Ben Hur the most awarded (11), and Walt Disney the most- awarded person (32).


MGM studios art director Cedric Gibbons created Oscar, the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences famous award, 60 years ago. Manufactured by the R.S. Owens Co., the gold plated metal statue weighs 8 pounds and stands 13 inches tall. According to Academy spokesman Bob Werden, the Academy holds all rights on the statue and reserves the right to buy back an Oscar before it is pawned. "All About Eve" (1950) is the most-nominated film (14). "Ben-Hur" (1959) is the most-awarded film (11). Walt Disney was the most-awarded person (32).


A coalition of members of Congress announced Wednesday that they plan to sue the Census Bureau in an effort to force the agency to delete illegal aliens from its count in 1990. Some 40 members of the House joined the Federation for American Immigration Reform in announcing that the suit would be filed Thursday in U.S. District Court in Pittsburgh, spokesmen said at a news conference here. The group contends that including the estimated 2 million or more illegal aliens in the national head count, which is used to distribute seats in the House of Representatives, will cause unfair shifts of seats from one state to another. Census officials say they are required to count everyone by the U.S. Constitution, which does not mention citizenship but only instructs that the House apportionment be based on the "whole number of persons" residing in the various states. That approach was upheld by a federal court in a similar suit, brought by the same immigration reform group, before the 1980 Census. Nonetheless, Dan Stein of the immigration reform federation contended that illegal aliens should not be allowed to be part of determining the political structure of the United States. Rep. Tom Ridge, R-Pa., said the Census Bureau should actually count everyone but that it should develop a method to determine how many people are illegally in the country, and them deduct that number from the figures used for reapportioning Congress. Rep. Jan Meyers, R-Kan., suggested including a question on the Census form asking whether respondents are U.S. citizerns.

A coalition of members of Congress plans to sue the Census Bureau to prevent it from including illegal immigrants in its 1990 census count. The suit to be filed by some 40 members of Congress and the Federation for American Immigration Reform contends that including 2 million or more illegal aliens in the count would cause unfair shifts of seats from one state to another when reapportionment takes place. Census officials counter that the U.S. Constitution calls for apportionment to be based on the "whole number of persons" residing in the various states and makes no mention of citizenship in this regard.


Forty Congressmen teamed with the Federation for American Immigration Reform in suing the Census Bureau to force the agency to delete illegal aliens from its count in 1990. The group contends that the estimated two million or more illegal aliens will cause unfair shifts in House of Representative seats from one state to another. The Bureau says it is required by the Constitution to count everyone, regardless of citizenship. Prior to the 1980 census, a federal court upheld this approach. Representative Tom Ridge, R-Pa., suggests devising a system to count illegal aliens, but then disallowing their numbers for reapportionment purposes.


Some 40 members of Congress have joined with the Federation for American Immigration Reform in announcing that a suit will be filed in an effort to stop the Census Bureau from counting the estimated 2 million illegal aliens living in the United States. Rep. Tom Ridge, R-Pa., said everyone should be counted but the Census Bureau should develop a method to determine how many people are illegal and deduct that number from the figures used for reapportioning Congress. Rep. Jan Meyers, R-Kan., suggested that a question should be put on the Census form asking whether respondents are U.S. citizens.


Time ran out for the U.S. athletes when the Winter Olympics ended Sunday, with a team headed by Brent Rushlaw a tick away from a U.S. bobsled medal and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip a triple gold medalist with time to spare. The best America could do was six medals, its worst Winter Games showing in 52 years. Two of the six were gold medals, won by Brian Boitano in figure skating and Bonnie Blair in speed skating. Blair also won a bronze in speed skating, making her America's only double winner. The Olympics wrapped up Sunday evening with a rousing closing ceremony before 60,000 people in McMahon Stadium. The 250 figure skaters who performed included past and present medal winners as well as young skaters from Albertville, France, site of the 1992 Winter Games, and Seoul, South Korea, site of this year's summer Games. Athletes marched in carrying miniature Olympic torches, and banners reading "Until We Meet Again" in eight languages were draped along the top of the stands. Earlier Sunday, Rushlaw and his three team members missed winning the first U.S. bobsled medal in 32 years when they was beaten by .02 seconds for the bronze. Van Gennip took more than six seconds off her own world record in the 5,000 meters to win her third gold medal. American Mary Docter was 22.87 seconds behind. East Germans finished 2-3 in the race. Finland won the hockey silver medal, handing the Soviets their first loss of the Games, 2-1. The Soviets clinched the gold medal Friday night, and America finished seventh for the second straight time. In 1936, America won just four medals, but only 51 were available then. This time, 138 medals were handed out. The Soviets finished first in both number of gold medals, with 11, and total medals, with 29, a record for the Winter Olympics. East Germany's athletes won nine golds, 25 overall; while Switzerland's team came in third in both gold medals, five, and overall medals, 15. Four other teams also bested the United States in terms of overall medals: Austria, West Germany, Finland and the Netherlands.

The Olympics wrapped up Sunday evening with a rousing closing ceremony in Calgary's McMahon Stadium. The best America could do was six medals, its worst Winter Games showing in 52 years. In 1936, America won just four medals, but only 51 were available then. This time, 138 medals were handed out. America's bobsled team missed a bronze medal by .02 seconds. The Soviets finished first in both number of gold medals, 11, and in total medals with a record 29. East Germany's athletes won nine golds, 25 overall; while Switzerland's team came in third in both gold, five, and overall with 15.


The US had its worst Winter Olympic Games showing in 52 years, taking only six medals. Two of the medals were gold won by Brian Boitano in figure skating and Bonnie Blair in speed skating. Blair also won a bronze, making her the only US double winner. The US narrowly missed winning a bronze in the bobsled event when they were beaten by only .02 seconds. The Soviet hockey team had it first loss of the Games at the hands of Finland but still managed to win the gold while Finland won the Silver. Overall, the Soviets won the most medals, followed by East Germany and Switzerland.


More than 30 years ago, Life magazine took a look at the burgeoning little desert town of Las Vegas and wondered if it wasn't overbuilt. The year was 1955 and five new resort hotels had just opened, prompting the magazine to question where they would get people to fill them. "Has Las Vegas pushed its luck too far?" Life asked. History has proven doubters to be wrong. Las Vegas has grown from a dusty town of a few resorts into a booming metropolis of more than 600,000 people, with nearly 60,000 hotel and motel rooms to accomodate tourists. Now, as Las Vegas undergoes one of the most ambitious of its periodic building booms, there are few who believe that overbuilding is a problem. Tourism is growing and the gaming and resort industries are attempting to capitalize on the trend. "There is still a tremendous amount of demand out there that hasn't been satisified," said Rossi Ralenkotter, director of marketing for the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. "We're in a very strong growth pattern and all indications are that it will continue." Nearly 20,000 new hotel rooms either are under construction or awaiting groundbreaking, as resorts compete to add rooms they hope will bring in even more tourists and gamblers in the near future. Part of that optimism is based on figures showing hotels averaged 90.2 percent occupancy during 1987. Such extremely high rates meant potential guests often were turned away by a lack of rooms: on weekends, it is nearly impossible to get a room and on three-day holiday weekends it's even worse. Visitor volume nearly has doubled in the last 12 years, with an estimated 17 million tourists each expected to spend an average of 2-3 days in Las Vegas during 1988. Gaming revenues kept pace, growing 14 percent in 1987 to a record $2.74 billion in southern Nevada. "We're penetrating markets we've never penetrated before," said Dave Verbon, publicity director at the Riviera Hotel. "There are vast numbers of people out there we never tried to reach before and now we're going after them and getting them." Already boasting the world's two largest resort hotels, Las Vegas soon will have five hotel-casinos with more than 3,000 rooms apiece. Two resorts _ the Riviera and the Flamingo Hilton _ are about to begin work on expansions that will bring them to more than 4,000 rooms apiece. The Riviera opened a new 1,000-room highrise March 1 and plans to begin construction of a 1,700-room tower in the fall. "You have to build towers to have a very high volume of business to drive a large casino with a large number of slot machines and blackjack tables," said Verbon. "We think there are enough potential customers to support these huge hotels." The centerpiece of the new construction is the Golden Nugget, a massive resort rising from a desert parcel adjacent to Caesars Palace. When finished sometime late next year, the $550 million resort will have 3,200 guest rooms set in a watery tropical setting that hotel officials claim will be like nothing Las Vegas has ever seen. "It's really on a completely different plane in terms of what we presently have," said Nugget President Bobby Baldwin. "It's very difficult to compare the new Nugget to anything." Baldwin says he has few worries that the Nugget will be able to fill its rooms with gamblers and tourists. The company's downtown resort regularly sells out its rooms. "We're very bullish," he said. "Tour and travel continues to grow and the individual traveler market continues to expand, particularly from Southern California. International business has also expanded in the last few months and we hope to see that continue." The tourism economy has been helped by the growth in three-day weekends and a national trend toward mini-vacations of 2-3 days. Las Vegas has also been very successful in landing conventions, which attracted 1.6 million people to the city in 1987. Part of the Las Vegas lure also comes from room rates that average $45 a night, far below the $100 or more charged by non-gaming hotels in other cities. "It's the bargain aspect, the ability to have a very enjoyable convention or vacation visit at far less expense than any other destination," said Ralenkotter. The city's hotels in the past four to five years have begun exploiting the vast middle-class and tourism markets they once eschewed in favor of attracting a handful of high-rolling gamblers. The expanded customer base, hotel operators believe, gives them protection against a recession or sudden rise in fuel prices that could have a negative impact on tourism levels. In the early 1980s, a national recession combined with high fuel prices and the legalization of gambling in Atlantic City stopped the Las Vegas growth rate in its tracks. "In good times everybody does pretty well and the better operators do even better," said Baldwin. "In bad times good operators don't do quite as well but they still do well. The best operators do great in both times."

In 1955 Life magazine wondered if Las Vegas wasn't overbuilt. More than 30 years later the city has grown from a few resorts to a booming metropolis of more than 600,000 people and nearly 60,000 hotel and motel rooms. Nearly 20,000 new hotel rooms are either under construction or awaiting groundbreaking. Figures show that 90.2 percent occupancy during 1987. This caused potential guest to be turned away especially on holiday weekends. Visitors nearly doubled in the last 12 years with and estimated 17 million tourist expected in 1988. Part of the Las Vegas lure also comes from room rates that average $45 a night.


With no seats and no food for the guests of honor, everyone agreed that lunch at Sardi's had gone to the dogs. Two dogs, to be specific, the city's top police dog and the nation's top show dog. The Dog Fanciers Club organized the event Wednesday to honor Champion Great Elms Prince Charming II, a fluffy little Pomeranian, and Nero, a big, amiable bruiser of a German shepherd. "He's a very friendly dog," said Nero's master, Officer Joseph Faraguna. "In all the arrests I've made with him, he's only bitten four times." Nero specializes in sniffing out bombs and narcotics. He has helped the Police Department make hundreds of arrests and has "apprehended" more than 50 felons. Nero was kept on his long leather leash while Prince emerged from his elegant, padded carrying case only long enough to pose for photographers. The Pomeranian was named best in show at the prestigious Westminister Kennel Club Show in Madison Square Garden last month. Prince, long used to being coddled and primped, seemed oblivious to all the attention until Nero grew bold enough to prod him on the chin. Then he blinked and drew back. But neither Nero nor Prince got any lunch from the luncheon at Sardi's, a prominent midtown Manhattan restaurant. Prince, said his agent and master Skip Piazza, "doesn't have a very large diet anyway."

The Dog Fanciers Club organized a lunch at Sardi's on Wednesday for two of their champions, the city's top police dog and the nation's top show dog. Nero, a big, amiable bruiser of a German Shepard specializes in sniffing out bombs and narcotics. He has helped in hundreds of arrests and "apprehended" more than 50 felons. Great Elms Prince Charming II is a fluffy little Pomeranian. He was named best in show at the prestigious Westminister Kennel Club Show in Madison Square Garden last month. Unfairly, neither Nero nor Prince got any lunch at this prominent midtown restaurant.


The Dog Fancier's Club organized an event at Sardi's Restaurant in New Your City to honor the city's top police dog and the nation's top show dog. The top show dog is a fluffy little Pomeranian and the police dog is an amiable German Shepherd. The Shepherd specializes in sniffing out bombs and narcotics. he has helped the Police Department make hundreds of arrests and has "apprehended" more than 50 felons. The Pomeranian was named best of show at the prestigious Westminister Kennel Club Show at Madison Square Garden. Neither dog was served lunch at the popular mid-town restaurant.


FA Cup: Third round draw - joy for Yeading and Exeter The great big fat bullies from across the playground enter the FA Cup arena at the third round stage, for which the draw was made yesterday (December 5).


Rats May Help Unravel Human Drug Addiction Mysteries By LAURAN NEERGAARD    WASHINGTON (AP) -- Rats can become drug addicts. That's important to know, scientists say, and has taken a long time to prove...


Palmer Passes Test Bengals quarterback Carson Palmer enjoyed his breakthrough game at the expense of the Super Bowl champion Patriots, racking up 179 yards on 12-of-19 passing in a 31-3 triumph on Saturday night.


Compromises urged amid deadlock in Darfur talks ABUJA, Nigeria -- Peace talks on Sudan's violence-torn Darfur region are deadlocked, a mediator said yesterday, as the chief of the African Union appealed to the Sudanese government and rebels to compromise.


CAPELLO FED UP WITH FEIGNING Juventus coach Fabio Capello has ordered his players not to kick the ball out of play when an opponent falls to the ground apparently hurt because he believes some players fake injury to stop the match.


Skype offers free wireless voice calls Internet telephony firm Skype today promised free wireless voice calls for millions of European surfers via a version of its software for the recently launched Siemens Gigaset DECT cordless phones.


Freddie Mac Restructuring Some Operations Freddie Mac will shut down the market-making operations of its securities sales and trading unit as it restructures some mortgage-securities operations, the government-sponsored home-mortgage company said Monday.


Possible countermeasure in reaction to steep pay cuts SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW) -- The Association of Flight Attendants will vote later Tuesday on a proposal to authorize a nationwide strike as tensions escalate between financially troubled airlines and their employees over drastic cost-saving measures.


Sony cornered by iPod fashion Juliana Sasaki didnt bother checking out Sonys digital music player before buying her green iPod mini.  quot;I knew Sony and other companies had MP3 players, but they cant beat the mini, quot; says Sasaki, 23, a language teacher.


Mylan Labs Board Rebuffs Icahn Pitch (Reuters) Reuters - Mylan Laboratories Inc.'s  board\on Monday rebuffed financier Carl Icahn's bid to buy the\company, and said it remains committed to its  #36;3.37 billion\purchase of brand-name drug-maker King Pharmaceuticals Inc.\.


All he could think about was how it would all end. There was still a bit of uncertainty in the equation, but the basics were there for anyone to see. No matter how much he tried to see the positive, it wasn't anywhere to be seen. The end was coming and it wasn't going to be pretty.


Dave watched as the forest burned up on the hill, only a few miles from her house. The car had been hastily packed and Marta was inside trying to round up the last of the pets. Dave went through his mental list of the most important papers and documents that they couldn't leave behind. He scolded himself for not having prepared these better in advance and hoped that he had remembered everything that was needed. He continued to wait for Marta to appear with the pets, but she still was nowhere to be seen.


What have you noticed today? I noticed that if you outline the eyes, nose, and mouth on your face with your finger, you make an 'I' which makes perfect sense, but is something I never noticed before. What have you noticed today?


Then came the night of the first falling star. It was seen early in the morning, rushing over Winchester eastward, a line of flame high in the atmosphere. Hundreds must have seen it and taken it for an ordinary falling star. It seemed that it fell to earth about one hundred miles east of him.


The chair sat in the corner where it had been for over 25 years. The only difference was there was someone actually sitting in it. How long had it been since someone had done that? Ten years or more he imagined. Yet there was no denying the presence in the chair now.


She patiently waited for his number to be called. She had no desire to be there, but her mom had insisted that she go. She's resisted at first, but over time she realized it was simply easier to appease her and go. Mom tended to be that way. She would keep insisting until you wore down and did what she wanted. So, here she sat, patiently waiting for her number to be called.


The computer wouldn't start. She banged on the side and tried again. Nothing. She lifted it up and dropped it to the table. Still nothing. She banged her closed fist against the top. It was at this moment she saw the irony of trying to fix the machine with violence.


Sometimes it's the first moment of the day that catches you off guard. That's what Wendy was thinking. She opened her window to see fire engines screeching down the street. While this wasn't something completely unheard of, it also wasn't normal. It was a sure sign of what was going to happen that day. She could feel it in her bones and it wasn't the way she wanted the day to begin.


Cake or pie? I can tell a lot about you by which one you pick. It may seem silly, but cake people and pie people are really different. I know which one I hope you are, but that's not for me to decide. So, what is it? Cake or pie?


It was a concerning development that he couldn't get out of his mind. He'd had many friends throughout his early years and had fond memories of playing with them, but he couldn't understand how it had all stopped. There was some point as he grew up that he played with each of his friends for the very last time, and he had no idea that it would be the last.


Context: Some priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage. He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds, but his decision to marry surprised many, not least Melanchthon, who called it reckless. Luther had written to George Spalatin on 30 November 1524, "I shall never take a wife, as I feel at present. Not that I am insensible to my flesh or sex (for I am neither wood nor stone); but my mind is averse to wedlock because I daily expect the death of a heretic." Before marrying, Luther had been living on the plainest food, and, as he admitted himself, his mildewed bed was not properly made for months at a time.

Question: Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?

on Biblical grounds
Biblical grounds,
Biblical grounds
Biblical grounds,


Context: Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park, which features the Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River Parkway. Roeding Park, near Downtown Fresno, is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo, and Rotary Storyland and Playland. Kearney Park is the largest of the Fresno region's park system and is home to historic Kearney Mansion and plays host to the annual Civil War Revisited, the largest reenactment of the Civil War in the west coast of the U.S.

Question: Which park is home to the Fresno Chafffee Zoo?


Context: 826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format), 45-minute episodes (for Resurrection of the Daleks in the 1984 series, a single season in 1985, and the revival), two feature-length productions (1983's The Five Doctors and the 1996 television film), eight Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72 minutes), and four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75 minutes in 2009, 2010 and 2013. Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005 and 2007 Children in Need charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a Doctor Who-themed edition of The Proms. The 1993 2-part story, entitled Dimensions in Time, was made in collaboration with the cast of the BBC soap-opera EastEnders and was filmed partly on the EastEnders set. A two-part mini-episode was also produced for the 2011 edition of Comic Relief. Starting with the 2009 special "Planet of the Dead", the series was filmed in 1080i for HDTV, and broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD.

Question: How many Doctor Who episodes have been shown, in total?


Context: When the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan rebuked the Korean King, saying that the Uighur King of Qocho was ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last, because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first, the Karluks surrendered after the Uighurs, and the Koreans surrendered last, and that the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting.

Question: Who did the Mongols give control of Korea?


Context: John Paul II's visits to his native country in 1979 and 1983 brought support to the budding solidarity movement and encouraged the growing anti-communist fervor there. In 1979, less than a year after becoming pope, John Paul celebrated Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw and ended his sermon with a call to "renew the face" of Poland: Let Thy Spirit descend! Let Thy Spirit descend and renew the face of the land! This land! These words were very meaningful for the Polish citizens who understood them as the incentive for the democratic changes.

Question: How long had John Paul II been the pope in 1979?

less than a year
less than a year
less than a year


Context: The Hoppings, reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe, takes place on Newcastle Town Moor every June. The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival, which claims to be the UK's biggest free community environmental festival, also takes place every June, in Leazes Park. The Northern Rock Cyclone, a cycling festival, takes place within, or starting from, Newcastle in June. The Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park and in the city's Gay Community in mid July. The Ouseburn Festival, a family oriented weekend festival near the city centre, incorporating a "Family Fun Day" and "Carnival Day", is held in late July.

Question: What movement did the fair held in June have its origins in?

Temperance
the Temperance Movement
the Temperance Movement


Context: Various gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"; gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos. Gold footballs were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl, and "homecoming" events were also held by Super Bowl-winning teams at games.

Question: What color was used to create the 50-yard line in Levi's Stadium for the season leading up to the Super Bowl 50 game?


Context: The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century. Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines (for outputs above several hundred horsepower), have fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting rod system or similar means. Steam turbines virtually replaced reciprocating engines in electricity generating stations early in the 20th century, where their efficiency, higher speed appropriate to generator service, and smooth rotation were advantages. Today most electric power is provided by steam turbines. In the United States 90% of the electric power is produced in this way using a variety of heat sources. Steam turbines were extensively applied for propulsion of large ships throughout most of the 20th century.

Question: What used the things more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines?


Context: Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences was based on it.

Question: What else was based upon the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?


Context: Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants, though it has also been found in some C3 angiosperms, and even some gymnosperms. The chloroplast peripheral reticulum consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane that extends into the internal stromal fluid of the chloroplast. Its purpose is thought to be to increase the chloroplast's surface area for cross-membrane transport between its stroma and the cell cytoplasm. The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between the thylakoids and intermembrane space.

Question: What feature of the chloroplast is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum connected to?