prpaln

Given a string s. Can you make it a palindrome by deleting exactly one character? Note that size of the string after deletion would be one less than it was before.

Input
First line of the input contains a single integer T denoting number of test cases.
For each test case, you are given a single line containing string  s.

Output
For each test case, print YES or NO depending on the answer of the problem.

Constraints

 Example
Input:
4
aaa
abc
abdbca
abba

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Explanation
Example case 1. Delete any one 'a', resulting string is "aa" which is a palindrome.
Example case 2. It is not possible to delete exactly one character and having a palindrome.
Example case 3. Delete 'c', resulting string is "abdba" which is a palindrome.
Example case 4. Delete 'b', resulting string is "aba" which is a palindrome.

Input:
4
aaa
abc
abdbca
abba

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Input:
4
aaa
abc
abdbca
abca

Input:
4
aaa
abc
abdbc`
aaca

Input:
4
aab
acc
`bd`cb
aaad

Input:
4
baa
abc
`bd`bb
aabd

Input:
4
bab
abb
bb`db`
aabd

Input:
4
baa
`aa
bb`c`b
dba`

Input:
4
ba`
`aa
bb`c_c
dba`

Input:
4
`a_
aa`
dda`^c
ca^a

Input:
4
_c`
]`_
cdad^`
`c_^

Input:
4
_c`
]`_
cdac^`
_c_^

Input:
4
e`_
_\^
d_`c_d
bc^_

Input:
4
aaa
abc
abdbca
aaca

Input:
4
aaa
abc
`bdbc`
aaca

Input:
4
aab
abc
`bdbc`
aaca

Input:
4
baa
abc
`bdbc`
aaca

Input:
4
baa
abc
abdbc`
aaca

Input:
4
baa
abc
abd`cb
aaca

Input:
4
baa
abc
abd`cb
acaa

Input:
4
baa
abc
`bd`cb
acaa

Input:
4
baa
abc
`bd`cb
adaa

Input:
4
baa
abc
`bd`cb
aaad

Input:
4
aab
abc
`bd`cb
aaad

Input:
4
aab
acc
`bd`bb
aaad

Input:
4
aab
acc
`cd`bb
aaad

Input:
4
baa
acc
`cd`bb
aaad

Input:
4
baa
acc
`bd`bb
aaad

Input:
4
baa
abc
`bd`bb
aaad

Input:
4
baa
abc
bb`db`
aabd

Input:
4
bab
abc
bb`db`
aabd

Input:
4
bab
acb
bb`db`
aabd

Input:
4
bab
aca
bb`db`
aabd

Input:
4
bab
aba
bb`db`
aabd

Input:
4
bab
aba
bb`cb`
aabd

Input:
4
bab
aba
cb`cb`
aabd

Input:
4
aab
aba
cb`cb`
aabd

Input:
4
aab
aba
`bc`bc
aabd

Input:
4
baa
aba
cb`cb`
aabd

Input:
4
baa
aaa
cb`cb`
aabd

Input:
4
baa
aaa
cb`cb`
dbaa

Input:
4
baa
aaa
bb`cb`
dbaa

Input:
4
baa
aaa
bb`cb`
dba`

Input:
4
baa
`aa
bb`cb`
dba`

Input:
4
baa
a`a
bb`c`b
dba`

Input:
4
baa
a`a
bb`c`c
dba`

Input:
4
baa
a`a
bb`c_c
dba`

Input:
4
baa
`aa
bb`c_c
dba`

Input:
4
ba_
`aa
bb`c_c
dba`

Input:
4
ba_
`aa
bb_c_c
dba`

Input:
4
ba_
`aa
bb_c_c
abd`

Input:
4
aa_
`aa
bb_c_c
abd`

Input:
4
ab_
`aa
bb_c_c
abd`

Input:
4
ab_
`aa
bb_c_c
ab`d

Input:
4
ab_
`aa
bb_c_c
ba`d

Input:
4
ab_
`aa
bb_c_c
bad`

Input:
4
ab_
`aa
bb_c_c
`dab

Input:
4
_ba
`aa
bb_c_c
`dab

Input:
4
_ba
`aa
_b_cbc
`dab

Input:
4
_ba
`aa
cbc_b_
`dab

Input:
4
ab_
`aa
cbc_b_
`dab

Input:
4
ab_
aa`
cbc_b_
`dab

Input:
4
_ba
aa`
cbc_b_
`dab

Input:
4
_ba
aa`
cbc__b
`dab

Input:
4
^ba
aa`
cbc__b
`dab

Input:
4
^ba
aa`
cbc__b
`cab

Input:
4
^ba
aa`
cbc__b
_cab

Input:
4
^aa
aa`
cbc__b
_cab

Input:
4
^aa
aa`
cbc__b
_caa

Input:
4
^aa
aa`
cbc__c
_caa

Input:
4
^aa
aa`
cbc__c
^caa

Input:
4
aa^
aa`
cbc__c
^caa

Input:
4
aa^
`aa
cbc__c
^caa

Input:
4
aa^
`aa
cbc`_c
^caa

Input:
4
aa^
``a
cbc`_c
^caa

Input:
4
aa^
`a`
cbc`_c
^caa

Input:
4
aa^
`a`
cbc`_c
c^aa

Input:
4
aa^
`a`
dbc`_c
c^aa

Input:
4
aa_
`a`
dbc`_c
c^aa

Input:
4
aa_
`a`
dac`_c
c^aa

Input:
4
aa_
`a`
c_`cad
c^aa

Input:
4
`a_
`a`
c_`cad
c^aa

Input:
4
`a_
`a`
c_`dad
c^aa

Input:
4
`a_
`a`
dad`_c
c^aa

Input:
4
`a_
`a`
dad`^c
c^aa

Input:
4
`a_
`a`
dad`^c
aa^c

Input:
4
`a_
a``
dad`^c
aa^c

Input:
4
`a_
a``
dda`^c
aa^c

Input:
4
`a_
aa`
dda`^c
aa^c

Input:
4
`a_
aa`
c^`add
ca^a

Input:
4
`a_
aa`
dda`^c
cb^a

Input:
4
`a_
aa`
dda`^c
a^bc

Input:
4
`a_
a``
dda`^c
a^bc

Input:
4
`a_
a``
dda`^c
`^bc

Input:
4
`a_
a``
cda`^c
`^bc

Input:
4
_a`
a``
cda`^c
`^bc

Input:
4
`a_
``a
cda`^c
`^bc

Input:
4
`a_
a``
cd``^c
`^bc

Input:
4
`a_
a``
cd``^c
b^`c

Input:
4
`b_
a``
cd``^c
b^`c

Input:
4
_b`
a``
cd``^c
b^`c

Input:
4
_b`
a``
cd``^c
b^_c

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
YES
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
YES
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
YES

Output:
NO
NO
NO
NO

Output:
NO
NO
NO
YES

Output:
NO
NO
YES
NO

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Output:
YES
NO
YES
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
YES
NO
YES

Output:
YES
YES
NO
YES

Output:
YES
YES
NO
YES

Output:
YES
YES
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
YES

Output:
YES
NO
NO
NO

Output:
YES
NO
NO
NO

Output:
YES
NO
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
YES
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
YES
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
YES

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Output:
NO
YES
NO
NO

Solution:
import math
import sys
def checkpal(s):
    return s==s[::-1]
for a in range(input()):
    s=raw_input()
    l=len(s)
    if(l==2):
            print "YES"
    else:
        if checkpal(s):
            print "YES"
        else:
            while s[0] == s[-1] and len(s)>2:
	        s=s[1:-1]
	    if checkpal(s[1:]) or checkpal(s[:-1]):
		print "YES"
            else:
		print "NO"

Solution:
def palin():
    for  i in xrange(input()):
        lst=raw_input()
        lst=list(lst)
        b=lst[::-1]
        if b==lst:
            print "YES"
        else:
            for i in xrange(len(lst)):
                if b[i]!=lst[i]:
                    c=b[::1];d=lst[::1]
                    del c[i];del d[len(lst)-i-1]
                    del b[len(b)-i-1];del lst[i]
                    if c==d or b==lst:
                        print "YES"
                        break
                    else:
                        print "NO"
                        break
palin()

Solution:
#!/usr/bin/py
t=raw_input()
def pal(s):
  sl=len(s)
  for l1 in range(0,sl/2+(sl%2)):
      if s[l1]!=s[sl-l1-1]:
        return 0
  return 1

for l in range(0,int(t)):
  s=raw_input()
  r=len(s)
  flag=0
  for l1 in range(0,len(s)/2+(len(s)%2)):
     if s[l1]!= s[r-1]:
         c1=pal(s[l1+1:r])
         c2=pal(s[l1:r-1])
         flag=flag+1
         if c2:
           print "YES"
	   break
         elif c1:
           print "YES"
	   break
         else:
           print "NO"
           break
     r=r-1
  if flag==0:
    print "YES"

Solution:
def isPal(s):
    l=len(s)
    for x in xrange(l/2):
        if s[x]!=s[-1-x]:
            return False
    return True

def isPos():
    s=raw_input()
    n=len(s)
    for i in xrange(n/2):
        if s[i]!=s[n-1-i]:
            if isPal(s[i:n-1-i]) or isPal(s[i+1:n-i]):
                return "YES"
            else:
                return "NO"
    return "YES"

def solve():
    t=input()
    for x in xrange(t):
        print isPos()
solve()

Solution:
t=int(raw_input())
while t>0:
    s=raw_input()
    length=len(s)
    i=0
    j=length-1
    counter=0
    while(i<j):
        if(s[i]!=s[j]):
            counter+=1
            i+=1
        else:
            i+=1
            j-=1
    if(counter<=1):
        print "YES"
    else:
        i=0
        j=length-1
        counter=0
        while(i<j):
            if(s[i]!=s[j]):
                counter+=1
                j-=1
            else:
                i+=1
                j-=1
        if(counter<=1):
            print "YES"
        else:
            print "NO"
    t-=1

Solution:
def check(s,x):
	n=len(s)
	if (s==s[::-1]):
		return 1
	else:
		if (x==0):
			for i in range(n):
				if (s[i]!=s[n-i-1]):
					t=s[:i]+s[i+1:]
					u=s[:n-i-1]+s[n-i:]
					return (check(t,1) or check(u,1))
		else:
			return 0
for t in range(int(raw_input())):
	s=raw_input()
	if (check(s,0)):
		print "YES"
	else:
		print "NO"

Solution:
t=input()
while t>0:
	t-=1
	s=raw_input()
	i,j=0,len(s)-1
	lim=0
	while i<j:
		if s[i]!=s[j]:
			lim+=1
			if s[i]==s[j-1]:
				k,l=i,j-1
				flag=0
				while k<l:
					if s[k]!=s[l]:
						flag=1
						break
					k+=1
					l-=1
				if(flag==0):
					break
			if s[i+1]==s[j]:
				k,l=i+1,j
				flag=0
				while k<l:
					if s[k]!=s[l]:
						flag=1
						break
					k+=1
					l-=1
				if(flag==0):
					break

			lim=2
			break

		i+=1
		j-=1
		if lim>1:
			break
	if lim>1:
		print 'NO'
	else:
		print 'YES'

Solution:
def check_palindrome(s):
	#s = list(s)
	l = len(s)
	j = l-1
	for i in range(l/2):
		if s[i] != s[j]:
			return False
		j = j-1
	return True

#if (__name__ == "__main__"):
if(True):
	t = raw_input()
	t = int(t)
	for i in range(t):
		s = raw_input()
		l = len(s)
		y = 0
		j = l-1
		cnt = 0
		for k in range(l/2):
			if(s[k] == s[j]):
				y = 1
				j = j-1
			else:
				list1 = list(s)
				list1.pop(k)
				str1 = ''.join(list1)
				list1 = list(s)
				list1.pop(j)
				str2 = ''.join(list1)
				if(check_palindrome(str1)or check_palindrome(str2)):
					y = 1
					break;
				else:
					y = 0
					break;

		if(y == 1):
			print 'YES'
		else:
			print 'NO'

Solution:
t = input()

while(t>0):
    t = t-1
    s = raw_input()
    length = len(s)
    if(length==2):
        print "YES"
        continue

    freq = [0]*26

    for x in (s):
        pos=ord(x)
        freq[pos-97] = freq[pos-97]+1

    evenfreq=0
    oddfreq=0
    diffcharfreq=0
    for x in range(0,26):
        if(freq[x]==0):
            continue;
        if(freq[x]%2==0):
            evenfreq=evenfreq+1
        if(freq[x]%2==1):
            oddfreq=oddfreq+1
        if(freq[x]>0):
            diffcharfreq = diffcharfreq+1

    if(diffcharfreq==1):
        print "YES"
        continue

    if(diffcharfreq==length):
        print "NO"
        continue

    if(oddfreq>=3):
        print "NO"
        continue

    flag=0

    i=0
    j=length-1
    si=0
    li=0;
    while(i<=j):
        if(s[i]==s[j]):
            i=i+1
            j=j-1
        else:
            flag=1
            si=i
            li=j
            break

    sic=si
    lic=li
    siflag=0
    liflag=0
    if(flag==1):
        #si wala deleted
        si=si+1
        while(si<=li):
            if(s[si]!=s[li]):
                siflag=1
                break
            else:
                si=si+1
                li=li-1

        if(siflag==0):
            print "YES"
            continue

        #lic wala deleted
        lic = lic -1
       # print "lic = "+lic
       # print "sic = "+sic
        while(sic<=lic):
            if(s[sic]!=s[lic]):
                liflag=1
                break
            else:
                sic=sic+1
                lic=lic-1

        if(liflag==0):
            print "YES"
            continue

        if(siflag==1):
            print "NO"
            continue
        if(liflag==1):
            print "NO"
            continue

    else:
        pflag=0
        if(flag==0):
            if(length%2==1):
                pi=0
                pj=length-1
                while(pi<pj):
                    if(s[pi]==s[pj]):
                        pi=pi+1
                        pj=pj-1
                    else:
                        pflag=1

                if(pflag==0):
                    print "YES"
                    continue

            if(length%2==0):
                t1=length/2
                t2=(length-2)/2

                if(s[t1]==s[t2]):
                    print "YES"
                    continue

Solution:
def check_palin(val, i, j):
    flag = False
    while i < j:
        if val[i] != val[j]:
            flag = True
            break
        i += 1
        j -= 1

    if flag:
        return (i, j)
    return (-1, -1)

def process():
    val = raw_input()
    i, j = check_palin(val, 0, len(val)-1)
    if i == -1 or j == -1:
        print "YES"
        return

    ii, jj = check_palin(val, i+1, j)
    if ii == -1 or jj == -1:
        print "YES"
        return

    ii, jj = check_palin(val, i, j-1)
    if ii == -1 or jj == -1:
        print "YES"
        return

    print "NO"

def main():
    T = input()
    for i in xrange(T):
        process()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Solution:
for _ in range(int(raw_input())):
    s=list(raw_input())
    s1c=list(s)
    s2c=list(s)
    n=len(s)
    flag=0
    for i in range(n/2):
        if s[i]!=s[n-1-i]:
            del s1c[i]
            if s1c==s1c[::-1]:
                print "YES"
                flag=1
                break
            del s2c[n-1-i]
            if s2c==s2c[::-1]:
                print "YES"
                flag=1
                break
            print "NO"
            flag=1
            break
    if flag==0:
        print "YES"

Solution:
import sys

for __ in range(input()) :
    a=list(raw_input())
    answered=False
    s=[i for i in reversed(a)]
    for i in range(len(s)) :
        if s[i]!=a[i] :
            s.pop(i)
            a.pop(i)
            #print s,a
            if s==s[::-1] or a==a[::-1] :
                print "YES"
                answered=True
                break
            else :
                print "NO"
                answered=True
                break
    if not answered :
        print "YES"


An established group of scientists are working on finding solution to NP hard problems. They claim Subset Sum  as an NP-hard problem. The problem is to determine whether there exists a subset of a given set S whose sum is a given number K.
You are a computer engineer and you claim to solve this problem given that all numbers in the set are non-negative. Given a set S of size N of non-negative integers, find whether there exists a subset whose sum is K.

Input
First line of input contains T, the number of test cases. T test cases follow.
Each test case contains 2 lines. First line contains two integers N and K. Next line contains N space separated non-negative integers (each less than 100000).
0 < T < 1000
0 < N < 1000
0 < K < 1000

Output
Output T lines, one for each test case. Every line should be either 0 or 1 depending on whether such a subset exists or not.

Example

Input:
2
5 10
3 4 6 1 9
3 2
1 3 4

Output:
1
0

Input:
2
5 10
3 4 6 1 9
3 2
1 3 4

Output:
1
0

Solution:
import sys

for __ in range(input()) :
    n , k = map(int,sys.stdin.readline().split())
    lists = map(int,sys.stdin.readline().split())
    dp = [0]*(k+1)
    dp[0]=1
    for i in lists :
        for j in range(k-i,-1,-1) :
            if dp[k] :
                break
            if dp[j] :
                dp[j+i] = 1
    print dp[k]


peppering this urban study with references to norwegian folktales , villeneuve creates in maelstrom a world where the bizarre is credible and the real turns magical .


girlfriends are bad , wives are worse and babies are the kiss of death in this bitter italian comedy .


to call this film a lump of coal would only be to flatter it .


as ex-marine walter , who may or may not have shot kennedy , actor raymond j . barry is perfectly creepy and believable .


as broad and cartoonish as the screenplay is , there is an accuracy of observation in the work of the director , frank novak , that keeps the film grounded in an undeniable social realism .


the humor isn't as sharp , the effects not as innovative , nor the story as imaginative as in the original . but it could have been worse .


bigelow handles the nuclear crisis sequences evenly but milks drama when she should be building suspense , and drags out too many scenes toward the end that should move quickly .


it is life affirming and heartbreaking , sweet without the decay factor , funny and sad .


if there's nothing fresh about wannabes , which was written by mr . demeo , who produced and directed the film with charles a . addessi , much of the time the movie feels authentic .


Maria Maston: Okay Right. Um well this is the meeting for our our project. Um and um this is just what we're gonna be doing over the next twenty five minutes.
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: Um so first of all, just to kind of make sure that we all know each other, I'm Laura and I'm Maria Maston. Do
Frances Lipscomb: Great.
Maria Maston: you want to introduce yourself again?
Sheila Eller: Hi, I'm David and be an industrial designer.
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: And Andrew and I'm uh marketing
Sherry Wesson: Um
Frances Lipscomb: expert.
Sherry Wesson: I'm Craig and I'm User Interface.
Maria Maston: Great. Okay. Um so we're designing a new remote control and um Oh I have to record who's here actually. So David, Andrew and Craig, it? And you all arrived on time. Um yeah so des uh design a new remote control. Um, as you can see it's supposed to be original, trendy and user friendly. Um so that's kind of our our brief, as it were. Um and so there are three different stages to the design. Um I'm not really sure what what you guys have already received um in your emails. What did you get?
Sheila Eller: Um, I just got the project announcement about
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Sheila Eller: what the project is. Designing
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Sheila Eller: a remote control. That's about it,
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Sheila Eller: didn't
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah,
Sheila Eller: get
Frances Lipscomb: that's
Sheila Eller: anything
Frances Lipscomb: that's
Sheila Eller: else.
Maria Maston: Is that what
Frances Lipscomb: it.
Maria Maston: everybody
Sherry Wesson: Yeah.
Sheila Eller: Did
Maria Maston: got?
Sheila Eller: you get the same thing?
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Maria Maston: Um. So we're gonna have like individual work and then a meeting about it. And repeat that process three times. Um and at this point we get try out the whiteboard over there. Um. So uh you get to draw your favourite animal and sum up your favourite characteristics of it. So who would like to go
Frances Lipscomb: I
Maria Maston: first?
Frances Lipscomb: will go. That's fine.
Maria Maston: Very good.
Frances Lipscomb: Alright. So This one here, right?
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: Okay. Very nice. Alright. My favourite animal is like
Frances Lipscomb: A beagle.
Frances Lipscomb: Um charac favourite characteristics of it? Is that right?
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: Uh,
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: right, well basically um high priority for any animal for is that they be willing take a lot of physical their family. And, yeah that they have lots of personality and uh be fit and in robust good health. So this is blue. Blue beagle. My family's beagle.
Maria Maston: Right. Lovely.
Sherry Wesson: Well, my favourite animal would be a monkey.
Sherry Wesson: Then they're small cute and furry, and uh when planet of the apes becomes real, I'm gonna be up there with them.
Maria Maston: Right.
Sheila Eller: Cool. There's too much gear.
Maria Maston: You can take as long over this as you like, because we haven't got an awful lot to discuss. Ok oh we do we do. Don't feel like you're in a rush, anyway.
Sheila Eller: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: I coulda told you a whole lot more about beagles.
Maria Maston: Ach
Frances Lipscomb: Boy, let Frances Lipscomb tell
Maria Maston: why not
Frances Lipscomb: you.
Maria Maston: We might have to get you up again then. I don't know what mine is. I'm gonna have to think on the spot now.
Frances Lipscomb: Impressionist.
Sheila Eller: Can't draw.
Maria Maston: Is
Sheila Eller: Um.
Maria Maston: that a whale?
Sheila Eller: Yeah. Um, well anyway, I don't know, it's just the first animal I can think off the top of my head. is 'cause I'm allergic to most animals. Allergic
Maria Maston: Ah.
Sheila Eller: to animal fur, so um fish was a natural choice. Um, yeah, and I kind of like whales. They come in and go eat everything in sight. And they're quite
Frances Lipscomb: Alright.
Sheila Eller: harmless and mild and interesting.
Frances Lipscomb: Mm.
Maria Maston: Okay. God, I still don't know what I'm gonna write about. Um.
Frances Lipscomb: Superb sketch, by the way.
Sheila Eller: Tail's a bit big, I think.
Maria Maston: I was gonna choose a dog as well. But I'll just draw a different kind of dog.
Frances Lipscomb: Yep.
Maria Maston: M my favourite animal is my own dog at home. Um That doesn't really look like him, actually. He looks more like a pig, actually. Ah well.
Frances Lipscomb: I see a dog in there.
Maria Maston: Do you?
Frances Lipscomb: Yep.
Maria Maston: Oh that's very good of you.
Frances Lipscomb: Now I see a rooster.
Maria Maston: Uh.
Frances Lipscomb: What kind is it?
Maria Maston: Um he's a mixture of uh various things. Um and what do I like about him, um That's just to suggest that his tail wags. Um he's very friendly and cheery and always pleased to see you, and very kind of affectionate and um uh and he's quite quite wee as well so you know he can doesn't take up too much space. Um and uh And he does a funny thing where he chases his tail as well, which is quite amusing,
Frances Lipscomb: Is
Maria Maston: so
Frances Lipscomb: he aware that th it's his own cha tail he's chasing?
Maria Maston: It is. I think it is. He only does it after he's had his dinner and um he'll just all of a sudden just get up and start chasing his tail
Frances Lipscomb: Hmm.
Maria Maston: 'round the living room.
Sheila Eller: It's an after dinner dog then.
Maria Maston: Yeah, so
Frances Lipscomb: Probably when
Maria Maston: uh
Frances Lipscomb: he was little he got lots of attention for doing it and
Maria Maston: Yeah,
Frances Lipscomb: has
Maria Maston: maybe.
Frances Lipscomb: forever been conditioned.
Maria Maston: Maybe. Right, um where did you find this? Just down here? Yeah. Okay. Um what are we doing next? Uh um. Okay, uh we now need to discuss the project finance. Um so according to the brief um we're gonna be selling this remote control for twenty five Euro, um and we're aiming to make fifty million Euro. Um so we're gonna be selling this on an international scale. And uh we don't
Frances Lipscomb: 'Kay.
Maria Maston: want it to cost any more than uh twelve fifty Euros, so fifty percent of the selling price.
Frances Lipscomb: Um, can we just go over that again?
Maria Maston: Sure.
Frances Lipscomb: Uh, so bas at twel Alright, yeah. Okay. So cost like production cost is
Maria Maston: All together.
Frances Lipscomb: twelve fifty, but selling price is is that wholesale or retail? Like on the shelf.
Maria Maston: Um I dunno. I imagine That's a good
Frances Lipscomb: Our
Maria Maston: question.
Frances Lipscomb: sale our sale anyway.
Maria Maston: I imagine it probably is our
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah,
Maria Maston: sale
Frances Lipscomb: okay
Maria Maston: actually because it's probably
Frances Lipscomb: okay.
Maria Maston: up to the the um the retailer to uh
Frances Lipscomb: Okay.
Maria Maston: sell it for whatever price they want.
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: Um.
Frances Lipscomb: Alright.
Maria Maston: But I I don't know, I mean do you think the fact that it's going to be sold internationally will have a bearing on how we design it at all?
Frances Lipscomb: Yes.
Maria Maston: Think it will?
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: Um.
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: Hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: Well right away I'm wondering if there's um th th uh, like with D_V_D_ players, if there are zones.
Maria Maston: Oh yeah,
Frances Lipscomb: Um
Maria Maston: regions and
Frances Lipscomb: f
Maria Maston: stuff, yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: frequencies or something
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: um
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: as well as uh characters, um different uh keypad styles and s symbols.
Sheila Eller: Hmm.
Maria Maston: Yeah. Well for
Frances Lipscomb: Um.
Maria Maston: a remote control, do you think that will be I suppose
Frances Lipscomb: I don't
Maria Maston: it's
Frances Lipscomb: know.
Maria Maston: depends on how complicated our remote control is.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Sheila Eller: It does make sense from maybe the design point of view 'cause you have more complicated characters like European languages, then you need more buttons.
Maria Maston: Yeah,
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Sheila Eller: So,
Maria Maston: yeah.
Sheila Eller: possibly.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: And then a and then al the other thing international is on top of the price. I'm thinking the price might might appeal to a certain market in one region, whereas in another it'll be different, so
Maria Maston: What, just like
Frances Lipscomb: Just
Maria Maston: in
Frances Lipscomb: a
Maria Maston: terms
Frances Lipscomb: chara just
Maria Maston: of like
Frances Lipscomb: a characteristic
Maria Maston: the wealth of the
Frances Lipscomb: of
Maria Maston: country?
Frances Lipscomb: the
Maria Maston: Like how
Frances Lipscomb: Just
Maria Maston: much money people have to spend on things
Frances Lipscomb: Or just
Maria Maston: like?
Frances Lipscomb: like, basic product podi positioning, the twenty five Euro remote control might be a big hit in London, might not be such a big hit in Greece, who knows,
Maria Maston: Aye, I
Frances Lipscomb: something
Maria Maston: see what
Frances Lipscomb: like
Maria Maston: you
Frances Lipscomb: that,
Maria Maston: mean,
Frances Lipscomb: yeah.
Maria Maston: yeah. Marketing. Good marketing
Frances Lipscomb: Yep.
Maria Maston: thoughts. Oh gosh, I should be writing all this down. Um.
Frances Lipscomb: Right away I'm making some kind of assumptions about what what information we're given here,
Maria Maston: Mm.
Frances Lipscomb: thinking, 'kay trendy probably means something other than just basic,
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: something other than just standard. Um so I'm wondering right away, is selling twenty five Euros, is that sort of the thi is this gonna to be like the premium product kinda
Maria Maston: Yeah,
Frances Lipscomb: thing
Maria Maston: yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: or
Maria Maston: Like how much does, you know, a remote control cost.
Frances Lipscomb: Uh-huh.
Maria Maston: Well twenty five Euro, I mean that's um that's about like eighteen pounds or something, isn't it?
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: Or no, is it as much as that? Sixteen
Frances Lipscomb: Yep.
Maria Maston: seventeen eighteen pounds.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah, I'd say so, yeah.
Maria Maston: Um, I dunno, I've never bought a remote control, so I don't
Frances Lipscomb: No.
Maria Maston: know how how good a remote
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah,
Maria Maston: control that would get you.
Frances Lipscomb: yeah.
Maria Maston: Um. But yeah, I suppose it has to look kind of cool
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: and gimmicky. Um right, okay. Okay. Um well d Does anybody have anything to add to uh to the finance issue at all?
Frances Lipscomb: Do
Maria Maston: Thin
Frances Lipscomb: we have any other background information on like how that compares to other
Maria Maston: No, actually. That
Frances Lipscomb: other
Maria Maston: would be useful, though, wouldn't it, if you knew like
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Maria Maston: what your money would get you
Sheila Eller: Hmm.
Maria Maston: now.
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah, interesting thing about discussing um production of a remote control for Frances Lipscomb is that l as you point out, I just don't think of remote controls as somethin something people consciously assess in their purchasing habits.
Maria Maston: Yeah,
Frances Lipscomb: It's just
Maria Maston: yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: like getting shoelaces with shoes or something.
Maria Maston: Oh.
Frances Lipscomb: It just
Maria Maston: Five
Frances Lipscomb: comes
Maria Maston: minutes
Frances Lipscomb: along.
Maria Maston: to end of meeting. Oh, okay. We're a bit behind.
Frances Lipscomb: Do you know what I mean?
Sherry Wesson: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: Like
Sheila Eller: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: so sort of like how do you I I mean one one way of looking at it would be, well the people producing television sets, maybe they have to buy remote controls. Or another way is maybe people who have T_V_ sets are really fed up with their remote control and they really want
Sherry Wesson: I
Frances Lipscomb: a
Sherry Wesson: know
Frances Lipscomb: better
Sherry Wesson: um
Frances Lipscomb: one or something.
Sherry Wesson: My
Frances Lipscomb: But
Sherry Wesson: parents went out and bought um remote controls because um they got fed up of having four or five different remote controls for each things
Frances Lipscomb: Right.
Sherry Wesson: the house.
Frances Lipscomb: Right. Okay so
Sherry Wesson: how many devices control.
Frances Lipscomb: Right, so in function one of the priorities might be
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: to combine as many uses
Maria Maston: Right, so do you think that should be like a main design aim of our remote control d you know,
Frances Lipscomb: I think so.
Maria Maston: do your
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah,
Maria Maston: your satellite and
Frances Lipscomb: yeah.
Maria Maston: your regular telly and
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Maria Maston: your V_C_R_ and everything?
Frances Lipscomb: Well like um, maybe what we could use is a sort of like a example of a successful other piece technology is palm palm pilots. They're gone from being just like little sort of scribble boards to cameras, M_P_ three players,
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: telephones, everything, agenda. So, like, I wonder if we might add something new to the to the remote control
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: market, such as the lighting in your house, or um
Maria Maston: Or even like, you know, notes about um what you wanna watch. Like you might put in there oh I want
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah,
Maria Maston: to watch such and such
Frances Lipscomb: yeah.
Maria Maston: and look a Oh that's a good idea.
Frances Lipscomb: An
Maria Maston: So extra functionalities.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah. Like, p personally for Frances Lipscomb, at home I've I've combined the um the audio video of my television set and my D_V_D_ player and my C_D_ player. So they w all work actually function together but I have different remote controls for each of them.
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: So it's sort of ironic that that then they're in there um you know, the sound and everything it's just one system. But each one's
Maria Maston: Hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: got its own little part.
Maria Maston: Um okay, uh I'd wel we're gonna have to wrap up pretty quickly in the next couple of minutes. Um I'll just check we've nothing else. Okay. Um so anything else anybody wants to add about what they don't like about remote controls they've used, what they would really like to be part of this new one at all?
Sheila Eller: And you keep losing them.
Maria Maston: You keep
Frances Lipscomb: Mm.
Maria Maston: losing them. Okay.
Sheila Eller: Finding them is really
Frances Lipscomb: Mm.
Sheila Eller: a pain, you know. I
Frances Lipscomb: Mm.
Sheila Eller: mean it's usually quite small, or when you want
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Sheila Eller: it right, it slipped
Frances Lipscomb: Mm-hmm.
Sheila Eller: behind the couch or it's
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Sheila Eller: kicked under the table.
Maria Maston: W
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah.
Maria Maston: You get
Sheila Eller: You
Maria Maston: those
Sheila Eller: know.
Maria Maston: ones where you can,
Frances Lipscomb: That's just really
Maria Maston: if
Frances Lipscomb: good
Maria Maston: you
Frances Lipscomb: Sheila Eller
Maria Maston: like, whistle or make a really high pitched noise they beep.
Frances Lipscomb: Yep.
Maria Maston: There I mean is that something we'd want to include, do you think?
Frances Lipscomb: Uh,
Maria Maston: Dunno.
Frances Lipscomb: sure.
Maria Maston: Okay maybe.
Frances Lipscomb: I remember when the first remote control my my family had was on a cable. Actually had a cable between it and the T_V_ and big like buttons that sort of like, like on a blender or something.
Maria Maston: My goodness.
Frances Lipscomb: And um, you know, when I think about what they are now, it's better,
Maria Maston: Still
Frances Lipscomb: Maybe
Maria Maston: feels
Frances Lipscomb: we could
Maria Maston: quite
Frances Lipscomb: think
Maria Maston: primitive.
Frances Lipscomb: about how, could be more, you know, streamlined.
Maria Maston: Maybe
Frances Lipscomb: S
Maria Maston: like a touch screen or something?
Frances Lipscomb: Something like that, yeah.
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: Or whatever would be technologically reasonable.
Maria Maston: Uh-huh, okay. Well
Frances Lipscomb: 'Cause
Maria Maston: I guess
Frances Lipscomb: it could
Maria Maston: that's
Frances Lipscomb: b
Maria Maston: up
Frances Lipscomb: it
Maria Maston: to
Frances Lipscomb: could
Maria Maston: our industrial
Frances Lipscomb: it could be
Maria Maston: designer.
Frances Lipscomb: that f it could be that functionally that doesn't make it any better, but that just the appeal
Maria Maston: It looks
Frances Lipscomb: of
Maria Maston: better.
Frances Lipscomb: of not having You know, these days there's a r pe things in people's homes are becoming more and more like chic, you know.
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Frances Lipscomb: Um, nicer materials and
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: might be
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: be worth exploring anyway.
Sherry Wesson: Uh.
Maria Maston: Right, well um so just to wrap up, the next meeting's gonna be in thirty minutes. So that's about um about ten to twelve by my watch. Um so inbetween now and then, um as Sheila Eller, you're gonna be working on you know the actual working
Sheila Eller: Yep.
Maria Maston: design of it so y you know what you're doing there. Um for user interface, technical functions, I guess that's you know like what we've been talking about, what it'll actually do. Um and uh marketing executive, you'll be just thinking about what it actually what, you know, what requirements it has to has to fulfil and you'll all get instructions emailed to you, I guess.
Frances Lipscomb: Okay.
Maria Maston: Um. Yeah, so it's th the functional design stage is next, I guess. And uh and that's the end of the meeting. So I got
Frances Lipscomb: Um.
Maria Maston: that little message a lot sooner than I thought I would, so
Frances Lipscomb: Before we wrap up, just to make sure we're all on the same page here,
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: um, do we We were given sort of an example of a coffee machine or something,
Maria Maston: Uh-huh,
Frances Lipscomb: right?
Maria Maston: yeah.
Sheila Eller: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: Well, um are we at ma right now on the assumption that our television remote control may have features which go beyond the television? Or are we keeping
Maria Maston: Th
Frances Lipscomb: sort of like a a design commitment to television features?
Maria Maston: Okay,
Frances Lipscomb: I
Maria Maston: well
Frances Lipscomb: I don't know.
Maria Maston: just very quickly 'cause this we're supposed to finish now.
Frances Lipscomb: Yep.
Maria Maston: Um I guess
Frances Lipscomb: Yeah, sure.
Maria Maston: that's up to us, I mean you probably want some kind of unique selling point of it,
Frances Lipscomb: Okay.
Maria Maston: so um,
Sheila Eller: I
Maria Maston: you
Sheila Eller: think
Maria Maston: know
Sheila Eller: one factor would be production cost.
Frances Lipscomb: Okay, yeah.
Sheila Eller: Because
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Sheila Eller: there's a cap there, so um
Frances Lipscomb: Okay.
Sheila Eller: depends on how much you can cram into that price.
Maria Maston: Mm-hmm.
Frances Lipscomb: Okay.
Sheila Eller: Um.
Maria Maston: Yeah.
Sheila Eller: I think that that's the main factor.
Maria Maston: Okay.
Frances Lipscomb: Okay.
Maria Maston: Right, okay, we'll that's that's the end of the meeting, then.
Frances Lipscomb: Alright.
Maria Maston: Um. So, uh thank you all for coming.
Sheila Eller: Cool.

Maria Maston introduced the upcoming project to the team members and then the team members participated in an exercise in which they drew their favorite animal and discussed what they liked about the animal. Maria Maston talked about the project finances and selling prices. The team then discussed various features to consider in making the remote.


Eunice Albert: Uh, making
Mandy Phillips: Alright so
Eunice Albert: a
Mandy Phillips: twenty
Eunice Albert: profit
Mandy Phillips: five.
Eunice Albert: of fifty million
Eleanor Hull: Mm 'kay.
Eunice Albert: So, it's
Mandy Phillips: So yeah,
Eunice Albert: go
Mandy Phillips: I've
Eunice Albert: gonna have to be be pretty damn
Mandy Phillips: The only
Eunice Albert: trendy.
Mandy Phillips: the only remote controls I've used usually come with the television, and
Eunice Albert: Yeah.
Mandy Phillips: they're
Eleanor Hull: Mm-hmm.
Mandy Phillips: fairly
Eunice Albert: Yeah.
Mandy Phillips: basic. So uh
Eunice Albert: Yeah, I was thinking that as well, I think the the only ones that I've seen that you buy are the sort of one for all type things
Eleanor Hull: Yeah
Eunice Albert: where
Eleanor Hull: the universal
Eunice Albert: they're,
Eleanor Hull: ones
Eunice Albert: yeah.
Mandy Phillips: Mm.
Eleanor Hull: Yeah.
Eunice Albert: So presumably that might be an idea to
Mandy Phillips: But but
Eunice Albert: put
Mandy Phillips: to
Eunice Albert: into.
Mandy Phillips: sell it
Robin Smith: Slim.
Mandy Phillips: for twenty five you need a lot of neat features. For
Eleanor Hull: Yeah.
Eunice Albert: Yeah,
Mandy Phillips: sure.
Eunice Albert: yeah.
Eleanor Hull: Mm-hmm,
Eunice Albert: And that's
Eleanor Hull: it's
Eunice Albert: quite
Eleanor Hull: about
Eunice Albert: a
Eleanor Hull: that.
Eunice Albert: lot for a remote control.
Mandy Phillips: Yeah,
Eleanor Hull: Mm.
Mandy Phillips: yeah.
Eleanor Hull: Um well my first thoughts would be most remote controls are grey or black. As you said they come with the T_V_ so it's normally just your basic grey
Eunice Albert: Uh-huh.
Eleanor Hull: black remote control functions, so maybe we could think about colour?
Eunice Albert: Mm-hmm.
Eleanor Hull: Make that might make it a bit different from the rest at least. Um, and as you say, we need to have some kind of gimmick,
Eunice Albert: Okay.
Eleanor Hull: thought maybe something like if you lose it and you can whistle, you know those things?
Eunice Albert: The the keyrings,
Eleanor Hull: Because we always
Eunice Albert: yeah
Eleanor Hull: lose our remote
Eunice Albert: yeah.
Eleanor Hull: control.
Mandy Phillips: Right.
Eunice Albert: Okay, that's cool.
Robin Smith: Uh yeah uh, being as Exper Expert I will like to say other things we must see the market potential for this product like what is the competition in the market? What are the available prices of the other remote controls in the prices? What speciality other remote controls are having
Eunice Albert: Okay.
Robin Smith: and how complicated it is to use these remote controls as compared to other remote controls available in the market.
Eleanor Hull: Okay.
Robin Smith: like and apart from this, it should be having a good look also, because people really li uh like to play with it
Eleanor Hull: Mm.
Robin Smith: when they are watching movies or playing with or playing with their C_D_ player, M_P_ three player like
Eleanor Hull: Mm-hmm.
Robin Smith: any electronic devices.
Eleanor Hull: Mm-hmm.
Robin Smith: They really want to have something good, having a good design
Eleanor Hull: Yeah.
Robin Smith: in their hands,
Eunice Albert: Okay.
Robin Smith: so,
Eunice Albert: 'Kay.
Robin Smith: yes, all this.
Mandy Phillips: Uh,
Eunice Albert: So, we're
Mandy Phillips: what do
Eunice Albert: looking
Mandy Phillips: we think a
Eunice Albert: for 'Kay.
Mandy Phillips: What do we
Eunice Albert: We're
Mandy Phillips: think a good size would be for this?
Eunice Albert: Sorry,
Mandy Phillips: 'Cause
Eunice Albert: carry on.
Mandy Phillips: I I know as you add more buttons to the remote it sometimes gets so big and clunky
Eleanor Hull: Yeah.
Mandy Phillips: and there's
Eunice Albert: Mm-hmm.
Mandy Phillips: just like a hundred buttons on it,
Eunice Albert: Mm-hmm.
Eleanor Hull: Yeah.
Mandy Phillips: or you could have a really small slim one but then you could lose it easily.
Eleanor Hull: Then you lose
Eunice Albert: Okay.
Eleanor Hull: it, yeah. Kind of um, maybe more like a P_D_A_ kind of, just hand held, like,
Eunice Albert: For
Eleanor Hull: 'cause
Eunice Albert: for uh remember we're trying to make it for twelve Euros fifty.
Eleanor Hull: Yeah. No, I wasn't, no sorry I wasn't thinking of the screen of like
Eunice Albert: Okay
Eleanor Hull: a P_D_A_
Eunice Albert: well
Eleanor Hull: but
Eunice Albert: right we'll have to um I'll we're k having another meeting in half an hour so
Eleanor Hull: Okay.
Eunice Albert: um we should all look into a bit uh, oh actually, no, we'll allocate. So you do the looking around at other remote controls.
Robin Smith: Yeah.
Eunice Albert: Um, if you could maybe come up with sort of shapes and suggested shades or whatever, and you could look into um basically how how it's made I_E_ like how you make it all in one, how what sort of materials are available to you whatever. And obviously, other instructions will come from the personal coach.
Mandy Phillips: Right.
Eunice Albert: Which will probably just usurp what I said so
Eleanor Hull: So you want Robin Smith to look at shapes and everything you said?
Eunice Albert: Shapes and
Eleanor Hull: Yep.
Eunice Albert: colours and
Eleanor Hull: Okay.
Eunice Albert: um basically how to make it attractive. Uh.
Eleanor Hull: Mm-hmm.
Eunice Albert: And you look at competition
Robin Smith: Yep.
Eunice Albert: and design. Cool.
Eleanor Hull: Okay.
Mandy Phillips: Okay.
Eunice Albert: So we have
Mandy Phillips: Wait
Eunice Albert: uh
Mandy Phillips: for emails?
Robin Smith: Uh.
Eunice Albert: Um.
Mandy Phillips: Hmm.
Eunice Albert: Okay, groovy. And no doubt we'll get um
Eleanor Hull: Oh no, Sorry
Eunice Albert: Sorry.
Eleanor Hull: it's okay.
Eunice Albert: We'll get um warnings for next meetings as well.
Eleanor Hull: Okay, cool.
Eunice Albert: Okay. I shall I can't imagine these are worth much. Okay.
Robin Smith: Hmm.
Eunice Albert: Fashion into electronic. Okay.

The group discussed their initial ideas about the features that they wanted to integrate into the design. They discussed making a universal remote with a locator function. They also discussed the shape and the number of functions in the main interface. Eunice Albert instructed Robin Smith to examine competitors' remotes, Eleanor Hull to research possible shapes and colors, and Mandy Phillips to research possible materials and the necessary internal components of the device.


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resumption of the session


i declare resumed the session of the european parliament adjourned on friday 17 december 1999 and i would like once again to wish you a happy new year in the hope that you enjoyed a pleasant festive period


although as you will have seen the dreaded 'millennium bug' failed to materialise still the people in a number of countries suffered a series of natural disasters that truly were dreadful


you have requested a debate on this subject in the course of the next few days during this partsession


in the meantime i should like to observe a minute' s silence as a number of members have requested on behalf of all the victims concerned particularly those of the terrible storms in the various countries of the european union


please rise then for this minute' s silence


(the house rose and observed a minute' s silence)


madam president on a point of order


you will be aware from the press and television that there have been a number of bomb explosions and killings in sri lanka


one of the people assassinated very recently in sri lanka was mr kumar ponnambalam who had visited the european parliament just a few months ago


SECTION 1. MODIFICATIONS OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN STATE
              AND LOCAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) Notification.--Paragraph (5) of section 527(i) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to organizations must notify Secretary
that they are section 527 organizations) is amended by striking ``or''
at the end of subparagraph (A), by striking the period at the end of
subparagraph (B) and inserting ``, or'', and by adding at the end the
following:
                    ``(C) which is a political committee of a State or
                local candidate, or a local committee of a political
                party, as defined by State law.''.
    (b) Exemption for Certain State and Local Political Committees From
Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (5) of section 527(j) of such
        Code (relating to required disclosures of expenditures and
        contributions) is amended by redesignating subparagraphs (C),
        (D), and (E) as subparagraphs (D), (E), and (F), respectively,
        and by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new
        subparagraph:
                    ``(C) to any organization which is an exempt State
                or local political organization,''.
            (2) Exempt state or local political organization.--
        Subsection (e) of section 527 of such Code (relating to other
        definitions) is amended by adding at the end the following new
        paragraph:
            ``(5) Exempt state or local political organization.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `exempt State or local
                political organization' means a political
                organization--
                            ``(i) which does not engage in any exempt
                        function other than to influence or to attempt
                        to influence the selection, nomination,
                        election, or appointment of any individual to
                        any State or local public office or office in a
                        State or local political organization,
                            ``(ii) which is subject to State or local
                        requirements to submit reports containing
                        information--
                                    ``(I) regarding individual
                                expenditures from and contributions to
                                such organization, and
                                    ``(II) regarding the person who
                                makes such contributions or receives
                                such expenditures,
                        which is substantially similar to the
                        information which would otherwise be required
                        to be reported under this section, and
                            ``(iii) with respect to which the reports
                        referred to in clause (ii) are made public by
                        the agency with which such reports are filed
                        and are publicly available for inspection in a
                        manner similar to that required by section
                        6104(d)(1).
                    ``(B) Participation of federal candidate or office
                holder.--The term `exempt State or local political
                organization' shall not include any organization
                otherwise described in subparagraph (A) if a candidate
                for nomination or election to Federal elective office
                or an individual who holds such office--
                            ``(i) controls or materially participates
                        in the direction of the organization, or
                            ``(ii) directs, in whole or in part,
                        expenditures or fundraising activities of the
                        organization.''.
    (c) Annual Return Requirements.--
            (1) Income tax returns required only where political
        organization taxable income.--Paragraph (6) of section 6012(a)
        of such Code (relating to general rule of persons required to
        make returns of income) is amended by striking ``or which has
        gross receipts of $25,000 or more for the taxable year (other
        than an organization to which section 527 applies solely by
        reason of subsection (f)(1) of such section)''.
            (2) Information returns.--Subsection (g) of section 6033 of
        such Code (relating to returns required by political
        organizations) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Returns Required by Political Organizations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Every political organization (within the
        meaning of section 527(e)(1)), and every fund treated under
        section 527(g) as if it constituted a political organization,
        which has gross receipts of $25,000 or more for the taxable
        year shall file a return--
                    ``(A) containing the information required, and
                complying with the other requirements, under subsection
                (a)(1) for organizations exempt from taxation under
                section 501(a), and
                    ``(B) containing such other information as the
                Secretary deems necessary to carry out the provisions
                of this subsection.
            ``(2) Exceptions from filing.--
                    ``(A) Mandatory exceptions.--Paragraph (1) shall
                not apply to an organization--
                            ``(i) which is an exempt State or local
                        political organization (as defined in section
                        527(e)(5)),
                            ``(ii) which is a State or local committee
                        of a political party, or political committee of
                        a State or local candidate, as defined by State
                        law,
                            ``(iii) which is a caucus or association of
                        State or local elected officials,
                            ``(iv) which is a national association of
                        State or local officials,
                            ``(v) which is an authorized committee (as
                        defined in section 301(6) of the Federal
                        Election Campaign Act of 1971) of a candidate
                        for Federal office,
                            ``(vi) which is a national committee (as
                        defined in section 301(14) of the Federal
                        Election Campaign Act of 1971) of a political
                        party, or
                            ``(vii) to which section 527 applies for
                        the taxable year solely by reason of subsection
                        (f)(1) of such section.
                    ``(B) Discretionary exception.--The Secretary may
                relieve any organization required under paragraph (1)
                to file an information return from filing such a return
                where he determines that such filing is not necessary
                to the efficient administration of the internal revenue
                laws.''.
    (d) Waiver of Penalties.--Section 527 of such Code is amended by
adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Authority To Waive.--The Secretary may waive all or any
portion of the--
            ``(1) tax assessed on an organization by reason of the
        failure of the organization to give notice under subsection
        (i), or
            ``(2) penalty imposed under subsection (j) for a failure to
        file a report,
on a showing that such failure was due to reasonable cause and not due
to willful neglect.''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take
effect as if included in the amendments made by Public Law 106-230.

SEC. 2. NOTIFICATION OF INTERACTION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation
with the Federal Election Commission, shall publicize information on--
            (1) the effect of the amendments made by this Act, and
            (2) the interaction of requirements to file a notification
        or report under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code of
        1986 and reports under the Federal Election Campaign Act of
        1971.
    (b) Information.--Information provided under subsection (a) shall
be included in any appropriate form, instruction, notice, or other
guidance issued to the public by the Secretary of the Treasury or the
Federal Election Commission regarding reporting requirements of
political organizations (as defined in section 527 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986) or reporting requirements under the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971.

SEC. 3. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS TO SECTION 527 ORGANIZATION DISCLOSURE
              PROVISIONS.

    (a) Unsegregated Funds Not To Avoid Tax.--Paragraph (4) of section
527(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to failure to
notify) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence:
``For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term `exempt function
income' means any amount described in a subparagraph of subsection
(c)(3), whether or not segregated for use for an exempt function.''.
    (b) Procedures for Assessment and Collection of Penalty.--Paragraph
(1) of section 527(j) of such Code (relating to required disclosure of
expenditures and contributions) is amended by adding at the end the
following new sentence: ``For purposes of subtitle F, the penalty
imposed by this paragraph shall be assessed and collected in the same
manner as penalties imposed by section 6652(c).''.
    (c) Application of Fraud Penalty.--Section 7207 of such Code
(relating to fraudulent returns, statements, and other documents) is
amended by striking ``pursuant to subsection (b) of section 6047 or
pursuant to subsection (d) of section 6104'' and inserting ``pursuant
to section 6047(b), section 6104(d), or subsection (i) or (j) of
section 527''.
    (d) Duplicate Electronic and Written Filings Not Required.--
            (1) Subparagraph (A) of section 527(i)(1) of such Code is
        amended by striking ``, electronically and in writing,''.
            (2) Subsection (i) of section 527 of such Code is amended
        by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(7) Electronic filing.--The Secretary shall develop
        procedures for submission in electronic form of notices
        required to be filed under this subsection and reports required
        to be filed under subsection (j).''.
    (e) Effective Dates.--
            (1) Subsections (a) and (b).--The amendments made by
        subsections (a) and (b) shall apply to failures occurring on or
        after the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Subsections (c) and (d).--The amendments made by
        subsections (c) and (d) shall take effect as if included in the
        amendments made by Public Law 106-230.

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) exempt State and local candidate committees, as well as local committees of political parties, from specified notification requirements; (2) exempt certain State and local political organizations from specified reporting requirements; (3) remove language dictating that certain political organizations with gross receipts of $25,000 or more for a taxable year and specified political newsletter funds with such receipts shall file income tax returns; (4) mandate that, with certain designated exceptions, every political organization with gross receipts of $25,000 or more for a taxable year and specified political newsletter funds with such receipts file information returns with specified information including income, receipts and disbursements, as well as facts deemed necessary by the Secretary of the Treasury; (5) authorize the Secretary to waive certain related penalties; and (6) amend related penalty provisions.

To amend section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to eliminate reporting and return requirements for State and local candidate committees and to avoid duplicate reporting of campaign-related information.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Temporary Emergency Unemployment
Compensation Act of 2001''.

SEC. 2. FEDERAL-STATE AGREEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Any State which desires to do so may enter into
and participate in an agreement under this title with the Secretary of
Labor (in this title referred to as the ``Secretary''). Any State which
is a party to an agreement under this title may, upon providing 30 days
written notice to the Secretary, terminate such agreement.
    (b) Provisions of Agreement.--Any agreement under subsection (a)
shall provide that the State agency of the State will make payments of
temporary emergency unemployment compensation to individuals who--
            (1) have exhausted all rights to regular compensation under
        the State law;
            (2) have no rights to compensation (including both regular
        compensation and extended compensation) with respect to a week
        under such law or any other State unemployment compensation law
        or to compensation under any other Federal law (and are not
        paid or entitled to be paid any additional compensation under
        any State or Federal law); and
            (3) are not receiving compensation with respect to such
        week under the unemployment compensation law of Canada.
    (c) Exhaustion of Benefits.--For purposes of subsection (b)(1), an
individual shall be deemed to have exhausted such individual's rights
to regular compensation under a State law when--
            (1) no payments of regular compensation can be made under
        such law because such individual has received all regular
        compensation available to such individual based on employment
        or wages during such individual's base period; or
            (2) such individual's rights to such compensation have been
        terminated by reason of the expiration of the benefit year with
        respect to which such rights existed.
    (d) Weekly Benefit Amount.--For purposes of any agreement under
this title--
            (1) the amount of temporary emergency unemployment
        compensation which shall be payable to any individual for any
        week of total unemployment shall be equal to the amount of the
        regular compensation (including dependents' allowances) payable
        to such individual during such individual's benefit year under
        the State law for a week of total unemployment;
            (2) the terms and conditions of the State law which apply
        to claims for regular compensation and to the payment thereof
        shall apply to claims for temporary emergency unemployment
        compensation and the payment thereof, except where inconsistent
        with the provisions of this title or with the regulations or
        operating instructions of the Secretary promulgated to carry
        out this title; and
            (3) the maximum amount of temporary emergency unemployment
        compensation payable to any individual for whom a temporary
        emergency unemployment compensation account is established
        under section 3 shall not exceed the amount established in such
        account for such individual.
    (e) Election by States.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
Federal law (and if State law permits), the Governor of a State is
authorized and may elect to trigger off an extended compensation period
in order to provide payment of temporary emergency unemployment
compensation to individuals who have exhausted their rights to regular
compensation under State law.

SEC. 3. TEMPORARY EMERGENCY UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION ACCOUNT.

    (a) In General.--Any agreement under this title shall provide that
the State will establish, for each eligible individual who files an
application for temporary emergency unemployment compensation, a
temporary emergency unemployment compensation account with respect to
such individual's benefit year.
    (b) Amount in Account.--
            (1) In general.--The amount established in an account under
        subsection (a) shall be equal to 13 times the individual's
        average weekly benefit amount for the benefit year.
            (2) Reduction for extended benefits.--The amount in an
        account under paragraph (1) shall be reduced (but not below
        zero) by the aggregate amount of extended compensation (if any)
        received by such individual relating to the same benefit year
        under the Federal-State Extended Unemployment Compensation Act
        of 1970 (26 U.S.C. 3304 note).
            (3) Weekly benefit amount.--For purposes of this
        subsection, an individual's weekly benefit amount for any week
        is the amount of regular compensation (including dependents'
        allowances) under the State law payable to such individual for
        such week for total unemployment.

SEC. 4. PAYMENTS TO STATES HAVING AGREEMENTS FOR THE PAYMENT OF
              TEMPORARY EMERGENCY UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION.

    (a) General Rule.--There shall be paid to each State that has
entered into an agreement under this title an amount equal to 100
percent of the temporary emergency unemployment compensation paid to
individuals by the State pursuant to such agreement.
    (b) Treatment of Reimbursable Compensation.--No payment shall be
made to any State under this section in respect of any compensation to
the extent the State is entitled to reimbursement in respect of such
compensation under the provisions of any Federal law other than this
title or chapter 85 of title 5, United States Code. A State shall not
be entitled to any reimbursement under such chapter 85 in respect of
any compensation to the extent the State is entitled to reimbursement
under this title in respect of such compensation.
    (c) Determination of Amount.--Sums payable to any State by reason
of such State having an agreement under this title shall be payable,
either in advance or by way of reimbursement (as may be determined by
the Secretary), in such amounts as the Secretary estimates the State
will be entitled to receive under this title for each calendar month,
reduced or increased, as the case may be, by any amount by which the
Secretary finds that the Secretary's estimates for any prior calendar
month were greater or less than the amounts which should have been paid
to the State. Such estimates may be made on the basis of such
statistical, sampling, or other method as may be agreed upon by the
Secretary and the State agency of the State involved.

SEC. 5. FINANCING PROVISIONS.

    (a) In General.--Funds in the extended unemployment compensation
account (as established by section 905(a) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1105(a)) of the Unemployment Trust Fund (as established by
section 904(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1104(a)) shall be used for the
making of payments to States having agreements entered into under this
title.
    (b) Certification.--The Secretary shall from time to time certify
to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment to each State the sums
payable to such State under this title. The Secretary of the Treasury,
prior to audit or settlement by the General Accounting Office, shall
make payments to the State in accordance with such certification, by
transfers from the extended unemployment compensation account (as so
established) to the account of such State in the Unemployment Trust
Fund (as so established).
    (c) Assistance to States.--There are appropriated, without fiscal
year limitation, such funds as may be necessary for purposes of
assisting States (as provided in title III of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 501 et seq.) in meeting the costs of administration of
agreements under this title.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations for Certain Payments.--There
are appropriated from the general fund of the Treasury, without fiscal
year limitation, to the extended unemployment compensation account (as
so established) of the Unemployment Trust Fund (as so established) such
sums as the Secretary estimates to be necessary to make the payments
under this section in respect of--
            (1) compensation payable under chapter 85 of title 5,
        United States Code; and
            (2) compensation payable on the basis of services to which
        section 3309(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
        applies.
Amounts appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence shall not be
required to be repaid.

SEC. 6. FRAUD AND OVERPAYMENTS.

    (a) In General.--If an individual knowingly has made, or caused to
be made by another, a false statement or representation of a material
fact, or knowingly has failed, or caused another to fail, to disclose a
material fact, and as a result of such false statement or
representation or of such nondisclosure such individual has received an
amount of temporary emergency unemployment compensation under this
title to which he was not entitled, such individual--
            (1) shall be ineligible for further temporary emergency
        unemployment compensation under this title in accordance with
        the provisions of the applicable State unemployment
        compensation law relating to fraud in connection with a claim
        for unemployment compensation; and
            (2) shall be subject to prosecution under section 1001 of
        title 18, United States Code.
    (b) Repayment.--In the case of individuals who have received
amounts of temporary emergency unemployment compensation under this
title to which they were not entitled, the State shall require such
individuals to repay the amounts of such emergency unemployment
compensation to the State agency, except that the State agency may
waive such repayment if it determines that--
            (1) the payment of such emergency unemployment compensation
        was without fault on the part of any such individual; and
            (2) such repayment would be contrary to equity and good
        conscience.
    (c) Recovery by State Agency.--
            (1) In general.--The State agency may recover the amount to
        be repaid, or any part thereof, by deductions from any
        temporary emergency unemployment compensation payable to such
        individual under this title or from any unemployment
        compensation payable to such individual under any Federal
        unemployment compensation law administered by the State agency
        or under any other Federal law administered by the State agency
        which provides for the payment of any assistance or allowance
        with respect to any week of unemployment, during the 3-year
        period after the date such individuals received the payment of
        the temporary emergency unemployment compensation to which they
        were not entitled, except that no single deduction may exceed
        50 percent of the weekly benefit amount from which such
        deduction is made.
            (2) Opportunity for hearing.--No repayment shall be
        required, and no deduction shall be made, until a determination
        has been made, notice thereof and an opportunity for a fair
        hearing has been given to the individual, and the determination
        has become final.
    (d) Review.--Any determination by a State agency under this section
shall be subject to review in the same manner and to the same extent as
determinations under the State unemployment compensation law, and only
in that manner and to that extent.

SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the terms ``compensation'', ``regular
compensation'', ``extended compensation'', ``additional compensation'',
``benefit year'', ``base period'', ``State'', ``State agency'', ``State
law'', and ``week'' have the respective meanings given such terms under
section 205 of the Federal-State Extended Unemployment Compensation Act
of 1970 (26 U.S.C. 3304 note).

SEC. 8. APPLICABILITY.

    An agreement entered into under this Act shall apply to weeks of
unemployment--
            (1) beginning no earlier than the first day of the first
        week beginning after the date on which such agreement is
        entered into; and
            (2) ending before the date that is 18 months after the date
        of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 9. TEMPORARY REDUCTION IN INTEREST RATE APPLICABLE TO REPAYMENTS
              OF ADVANCES TO STATE UNEMPLOYMENT FUNDS.

    With respect to advances made to a State under section 1201 of the
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1321) during the period beginning on the
date of enactment of this Act and ending on the date that is 18 months
after such date of enactment, the rate of interest paid by a State on
such an advance shall be determined under section 1202(b)(4) of the
such Act (42 U.S.C. 1322(b)(4)) by substituting ``5 percent'' for ``10
percent'' in the matter preceding subparagraph (A).

Temporary Emergency Unemployment Compensation Act of 2001 - Provides for a program of temporary emergency unemployment compensation (TEUC).Sets forth TEUC program requirements for Federal-State agreements, formulas for determining amounts in individual TEUC accounts and weekly benefits, payments to States, and financing. Includes among eligibility requirements an individual's not having rights, with respect to a week, to other compensation (including both regular and extended compensation). Reduces an individual TEUC account by the aggregate amount of any extended compensation for the same benefit year.Applies TEUC agreements to weeks of unemployment: (1) beginning on or after the first day of the first week after the date on which such agreement is entered into; and (2) ending before the date that is 18 months after enactment of this Act.Provides for a temporary reduction in the interest rate applicable to repayments of advances to State unemployment funds.

A bill to provide for a program of temporary enhanced unemployment benefits.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Combating Climate Change Through
Individual Action Act of 2008''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Agricultural, grassland, and forestry practices play an
        essential role in capturing atmospheric carbon and sequestering
        it as soil organic matter.
            (2) Released carbon can be captured through improved
        grassland management, tree planting, forest preservation, and
        enhanced agronomic and irrigation practices.
            (3) Promoting increased natural carbon sinks could have a
        significant impact on the world's projected carbon emissions
        from the burning of fossil fuels.
            (4) Certain agricultural and forestry practices can reduce
        greenhouse gases: (A) avoiding emissions by maintaining
        existing carbon storage in trees and soils; (B) increasing
        carbon storage by, e.g., tree planting, conversion from
        conventional to conservation tillage practices on agricultural
        lands;
            (5) The large potentials exist through known cropping and
        land management practices such as adoption of no-till, reduced
        fallow and use of cover crops, and conservation set-asides with
        perennial grasses and trees.

SEC. 3. CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business related
credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 45O. CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION.

    ``(a) In General.--For purposes of section 38, in the case of a
taxpayer engaged in the business of farming, the credit determined
under this section for the taxable year is an amount equal to 30
percent of the qualified carbon sequestration and soil conservation
expenditures for the taxable year which are paid or incurred with
respect to the land used in such farming.
    ``(b) Limitation.--The credit allowed with respect to a taxpayer
under this section for a taxable year shall not exceed an amount equal
to $10,000, reduced by the sum of the credits allowed with respect to
the taxpayer under subsection (a) for all preceding taxable years.
    ``(c) Qualified Carbon Sequestration and Soil Conservation
Expenses.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualified carbon sequestration
        and soil conservation expenditures' means amounts paid or
        incurred to sequester carbon and conserve soil, including--
                    ``(A) expenditures described in section 175(c),
                    ``(B) conservation tillage expenditures,
                    ``(C) cover cropping expenditures,
                    ``(D) amounts paid or incurred to increase the
                nitrogen use efficiency (other than use of nitrogen
                fertilizers) of land used in farming, and
                    ``(E) amounts paid or incurred for multiple year
                rotations, including introduction of a perennial that
                reduces carbon loss and tillage, builds soil tilth, and
                increases carbon capture capacity.
            ``(2) Conservation tillage expenditures.--The term
        `conservation tillage expenditures' means any expenditures paid
        or incurred for a tilling and planting method in which at least
        30 percent of the previous crop residue remains on the soil
        after planting the current crop. Such term includes the
        following tilling practices: no till, ridge till, minimum till,
        and mulch till.
            ``(3) Cover cropping expenditures.--The term `cover
        cropping expenditures' means expenditures paid or incurred for
        the preparation and seeding of land for any grass, legume, or
        small grain--
                    ``(A) which is not the primary crop of the
                taxpayer,
                    ``(B) the primary purpose of which is to achieve
                one or more of the following: reduction in erosion;
                maintenance or improvement in soil fertility, tilth,
                and structure,
                    ``(C) a purpose of which may be interruption of
                pest cycles or conservation of water.
    ``(d) Per Acre Credit Alternative.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
        of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, in
        consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, establish an
        alternative procedure for determining the credit under
        subsection (a), which, at the election of the taxpayer, shall
        be treated as the amount determined under subsection (a).
            ``(2) Procedure described.--(A) The Secretary shall
        establish credit amounts to apply to land used in farming on a
        per acre basis with respect to each method of carbon
        sequestration and soil conservation described in subsection
        (c)(1).
            ``(B) Such credit amounts shall be based on the efficacy of
        the method in sequestering carbon and preventing soil erosion.
            ``(C) No such credit amount may exceed $15 per acre.
            ``(D) The Secretary shall prescribe rules similar to the
        rules of paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (e) to apply
        for purposes of the procedure established under this
        subsection.
            ``(3) Election.--An election to use such alternative method
        shall be made in such form and manner as the Secretary may
        prescribe, and shall apply to the taxable year for which made
        and for all subsequent taxable years.
    ``(e) Definition and Special Rules.--
            ``(1) Land used in farming.--For purposes of this section,
        land shall be treated as used in farming only if such land is
        used (before or simultaneously with the expenditures described
        in subsection (c)(1)) by the taxpayer or his tenant for the
        production of crops, fruits, or other agricultural products or
        for the sustenance of livestock.
            ``(2) Expenditures must be consistent with soil
        conservation plan.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this
        section, subsection (a) shall not apply to any expenditures
        unless such expenditures are consistent with--
                    ``(A) the plan (if any) approved by the Soil
                Conservation Service of the Department of Agriculture
                for the area in which the land is located, or
                    ``(B) if there is no plan described in clause (i),
                any soil conservation plan of a comparable State
                agency.
            ``(3) Basis adjustment.--For purposes of this subtitle, if
        a credit is determined under this section for any expenditure
        with respect to any property, the increase in the basis of such
        property which would (but for this paragraph) result from such
        expenditure shall be reduced by the amount of the credit so
        determined.
            ``(4) Denial of double benefit.--No deduction or other
        credit shall be allowed under this chapter for any amount taken
        into account in determining the credit under this section.
    ``(f) Termination.--This section shall not apply to taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2013.''.
    (b) Credit Made Part of General Business Credit.--Subsection (b) of
section 38 of such Code (relating to current year business credit) is
amended by striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (30), by striking
the period at the end of paragraph (31) and inserting ``plus'', and by
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(32) the carbon sequestration and soil conservation
        credit determined under section 45O(a).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--Subsection (a) of section 1016 of such
Code (relating to adjustments to basis) is amended by striking ``and''
at the end of paragraph (35), by striking the period at the end of
paragraph (36) and inserting ``and'', and by adding at the end the
following new paragraph:
            ``(37) to the extent provided in section 45O(e).''.
    (d) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart D of
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding
at the end the following new item:

``Sec. 45O. Carbon sequestration and soil conservation.''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to expenditures paid or incurred after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 4. QUALIFYING PLANTING EXPENDITURE CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Subpart B of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to other credits) is
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 30D. QUALIFIED PLANTING EXPENDITURE CREDIT.

    ``(a) Allowance of Credit.--There shall be allowed as a credit
against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount
equal to 10 percent of the qualified planting expenditures of the
taxpayer for the taxable year.
    ``(b) Limitations.--The amount taken into account under subsection
(a) for any taxable year shall not exceed--
            ``(1) in the case of expenditures paid or incurred by the
        taxpayer with respect to an area which is included under
        section 121 as part of the taxpayer's principal residence,
        $5,000,
            ``(2) in the case of expenditures paid or incurred by the
        taxpayer in the course of, or with respect to, a trade or
        business carried on by the taxpayer, $50,000, and
            ``(3) in any other case, zero.
    ``(c) Qualified Planting Expenditures.--For purposes of this
section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualifying planting
        expenditures' means expenditures paid or incurred--
                    ``(A) for the purchase and planting of any tree,
                plant, shrub, or bush which meets the requirements of
                paragraph (2), and
                    ``(B) for the purchase and installation of a
                vegetated roof system.
        Such term shall not include expenditures relating to any
        property which is held by the taxpayer for use in a trade or
        business or for the production of income, or which is property
        described in section 1221(a)(1) in the hands of the taxpayer.
            ``(2) Trees, plants, shrubs, or bushes.--A tree, plant,
        shrub, or bush satisfies the requirements of the paragraph if
        such tree, plant, shrub, or bush is certified, in accordance
        with guidance prescribed by the Secretary (after consultation
        with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
        and the Secretary of Agriculture), to be quick-growing,
        appropriate for the region in which it is planted, and
        effective in capturing carbon.
            ``(3) Vegetated roof system.--The term `vegetated roof
        system' means a system by which vegetation growing in a
        substrate is integrated with the roof (or portion thereof) of a
        building owned by the taxpayer.
    ``(d) Application With Other Credits.--The credit allowed under
subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess (if
any) of--
            ``(1) the regular tax liability (as defined in section
        26(b)) reduced by the sum of the credits allowable under
        subpart A and sections 27, 30, 30B, and 30C, over
            ``(2) the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year.
    ``(e) Definition and Special Rules.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Principal residence.--The term `principal residence'
        has the same meaning as when used in section 121, except that
        no ownership requirement shall be imposed.
            ``(2) Joint occupancy, cooperative housing corporations,
        and condominium management associations.--Rules similar to the
        rules of paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of section 25D(e) shall
        apply.
            ``(3) Expenditures outside united states.--The credit under
        this section shall not be allowed with respect to expenditures
        paid or incurred for areas located outside the United States.
            ``(4) Basis adjustment.--For purposes of this subtitle, if
        a credit is allowed under this section for an expenditure, the
        increase in basis which would result (but for this subsection)
        from such expenditure shall be reduced by the amount of credit
        allowed under this section.
    ``(f) Termination.--This section shall not apply to taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2013.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subsection (a) of section 1016, as amended by section
        3, is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (36),
        by striking the period at the end of paragraph (37) and
        inserting ``and'', and by adding at the end the following new
        paragraph:
            ``(38) to the extent provided in section 30D(e)(4).''.
            (2) The table of sections for subpart B of part IV of
        subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting
        after the item relating to section 30C the following new item:

``Sec. 30D. Qualified planting expenditure credit.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to expenditures paid or incurred after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 5. GRASSLAND, RANGELAND, AND FOREST CONSERVATION CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation
with the Department of Agriculture, shall establish an appropriate tax
credit, with respect to land located in the United States, for--
            (1) the conversion of cropland to pasture for grazing
        purposes or to grassland or rangeland, and
            (2) reforestation and afforestation of land--
                    (A) which is not held by the taxpayer for the
                planting, cultivating, caring for, and cutting of trees
                for sale or use in the commercial production of timber
                products, and
                    (B) with trees which are not held by the taxpayer
                for use in a trade or business or for the production of
                income.
    (b) Other Rules Relating to Credit.--
            (1) Credit to be per acre.--The Secretary shall establish
        credit amounts to apply to land on a per acre basis with
        respect to each method of conservation described in subsection
        (a).
            (2) Pursuant to approved plan.--Such methods must be
        pursuant to a plan submitted by the taxpayer and approved by
        the Secretaries of the Treasury and Agriculture.
            (3) Basis for credit amounts.--Credit amount shall be based
        on--
                    (A) the efficacy of the method in sequestering
                carbon and preventing soil erosion,
                    (B) the expenditures relating to such method, and
                    (C) the number of years the taxpayer certifies to
                the Secretary or ensures (by conservation easement or
                otherwise) that the applicable land will remain subject
                to the approved plan.
            (4) Recapture.--The Secretary shall provide for recapturing
        the benefit of any credit allowed under this section with
        respect to any property that ceases to be used in accordance
        with the approved plan.
            (5) Denial of double benefit and basis adjustment.--The
        Secretary shall provide--
                    (A) an appropriate basis adjustment for property
                with respect to which such credit is allowed, and
                    (B) rules disallowing such deductions and other
                credits as may be appropriate to avoid allowing
                additional tax benefits for the same conservation
                method or expenses.
    (c) Effective Date.--The credit established by the Secretary shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 6. CARBON SEQUESTRATION CREDIT REPORT.

    (a) In General.--In the case of any substantial change in the
carbon sequestration market (including the enactment into law of a
carbon cap and trade program), the Secretary of the Treasury shall, in
consultation with any appropriate Federal officers, study such change
and any effect of such change on the efficiency of, and need for, the
credits allowed under section 5 of this Act and sections 45O and 30D of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    (b) Report.--As soon as practicable after sufficient opportunity to
observe the effect of such change in the carbon sequestration market,
the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress containing the results
of the study conducted under subsection (a) and any recommendations of
the Secretary for modifying such credits based on such results.

Combating Climate Change Through Individual Action Act of 2008 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow tax credits for: (1) 30% of carbon sequestration and soil conservation expenditures made by taxpayers engaged in the business of farming; (2) 10% of qualifying planting expenditures, including expenditures for the purchase and planting of any tree, plant, shrub, or bush, and the purchase and installation of a vegetated roof system; (3) the conversion of cropland to pasture for grazing purposes or to grassland or rangeland; and (4) certain types of reforestation and afforestation of land.

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for carbon sequestration.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Lower Colorado River Multi-Species
Conservation Program Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Lower colorado river multi-species conservation
        program.--The term ``Lower Colorado River Multi-Species
        Conservation Program'' or ``LCR MSCP'' means the cooperative
        effort on the Lower Colorado River between Federal and non-
        Federal entities in Arizona, California, and Nevada approved by
        the Secretary of the Interior on April 2, 2005.
            (2) Lower colorado river.--The term ``Lower Colorado
        River'' means the Colorado River from Lake Mead to the
        Southerly International Boundary with Mexico, including its
        historic floodplain and its mainstem reservoirs to their full
        pool elevations.
            (3) Program documents.--The term ``Program Documents''
        means the Habitat Conservation Plan, Biological Assessment and
        Biological and Conference Opinion, Environmental Impact
        Statement/Environmental Impact Report, Funding and Management
        Agreement, Implementing Agreement, and Section 10(a)(1)(B)
        Permit issued and, as applicable, executed in connection with
        the LCR MSCP.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
        of the Interior.
            (5) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the States of
        Arizona, California, and Nevada.
            (6) Steering committee.--The term ``Steering Committee''
        means the LCR MSCP steering committee established pursuant to
        the Program Documents.

SEC. 3. IMPLEMENTATION AND WATER ACCOUNTING.

    (a) Implementation.--The Secretary shall manage and implement the
LCR MSCP in accordance with the Program Documents.
    (b) Water Accounting.--The Secretary is authorized and directed to
enter into an agreement with the States providing for the use of water
from the Lower Colorado River for habitat creation and maintenance in
accordance with the Program Documents.

SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary such sums as may be necessary to meet the obligations of the
Secretary under the Program Documents, to remain available until
expended.
    (b) Investments.--The Secretary is authorized to invest with the
Secretary of the Treasury such portions of appropriations, and any non-
Federal contributions made pursuant to the Program Documents, as are
not, in the judgment of the Secretary, required to meet current
expenditures. Such investments shall be made only in interest-bearing
obligations of the United States. Funds invested under this subsection
and interest on those funds shall be available to the Secretary to meet
the obligations of the Secretary under the Program Documents.
    (c) Non-Reimbursable and Non-Returnable.--All amounts appropriated
to and expended by the Secretary for the LCR MSCP shall be non-
reimbursable and non-returnable.

SEC. 5. APPLICABLE LAW, CONTINUITY OF PROGRAM, ENFORCEABILITY OF
              PROGRAM DOCUMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Nothing in this Act shall impair any right to the
delivery or beneficial consumptive use of Colorado River water under
any compact, treaty, law, decree, or contract in effect on the date of
enactment of this Act.
    (b) Continuity of Program Documents.--No future act of Congress
relating to Public Law 93-205 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) shall have the
effect of modifying the Program Documents unless expressly made
applicable to the LCR MSCP.
    (c) Enforceability of Program Documents.--Any party to any
agreement entered into with the United States or any agency thereof
pursuant to the LCR MSCP may commence a civil action in United States
district court to enforce the agreement or to declare the rights and
obligations of the parties under the Program Documents. The district
court shall have jurisdiction of such actions and may issue such
orders, judgments, and decrees as are consistent with the court's
exercise of jurisdiction under this section. The United States or any
agency thereof may be named as a defendant in such actions. The
sovereign immunity of the United States is waived for purposes of
actions commenced pursuant to this section. Nothing in this section
waives the sovereign immunity of the United States to claims for money
damages, monetary compensation, the provision of indemnity, or any
claim seeking money from the United States. Any suit pursuant to this
section may be brought in any United States district court in the State
in which any non-Federal party to the suit is situated.
    (d) Applicable Law.--Nothing in this Act affects the enforceability
of the requirement that the Program Documents comply with existing law
as of April 2, 2005, except that the Steering Committee shall not be
subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).

Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program Act - Directs the Secretary of the Interior to manage and implement the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program, and to enter into an agreement with Arizona, California, and Nevada providing for the use of water from the Lower Colorado River for habitat creation and maintenance, in accordance with the Habitat Conservation Plan, Biological Assessment and Biological and Conference Opinion, Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report, Funding and Management Agreement, Implementing Agreement (Agreement).

Permits any party to an agreement entered into with the United States pursuant to the Program to commence a civil action in U.S. district court to enforce the agreement or to declare the rights and obligations of the parties under the program documents. Grants the district court jurisdiction over any such action.

A bill to authorize appropriations for the Bureau of Reclamation to carry out the Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program in the States of Arizona, California, and Nevada, and for other purposes.