cyclophosphamide

vincristine

prednisolone

adriamycin

[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) occurring in a patient with follicular lymphoma during remission]. A 49 years-old man presented with dry cough, low grade fever, and abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray. He had suffered from follicular lymphoma of the liver 5 years previously. He received irradiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy for approximately three years and had been in complete remission. Physical and radiological examination revealed pleural effusion and softly dense masses in the right lung. The laboratory data were within normal limits. He was diagnosed as having lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) by open lung biopsy. The lung lesion was mainly infiltrated with T cells. The patient received prednisolone and the lung lesions disappeared. However , when a lung mass was noted two months later , he started to receive combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide , adriamycin , vincristine , and prednisolone every three months . He has not shown relapse of LYG so far. To investigate the association between the preceding follicular lymphoma and subsequent LYG at this time, DNA analysis using the PCR technique was carried out. The LYG lesion did not show a rearranged band for the JH probe, while the paraffin-embedded specimen of the preceding follicular lymphoma had shown rearranged band for the JH band. Southern blot analysis of the LYG lesion, showed no rearrangement for TCR beta, gamma or JH probe. These findings indicate that the LYG was different from the preceding follicular lymphoma in terms of origin. LYG is considered to be induced in the immunosuppressive state due to lymphoma.


propranolol

amiodarone

The role of beta-blockade therapy for ventricular tachycardia induced with isoproterenol: a prospective analysis. Isoproterenol is sometimes required for ventricular tachycardia (VT) induction. However, the role of beta-blockade for treatment of such VT has not been critically assessed. The use of beta-blockade was evaluated prospectively in 14 consecutive patients who required isoproterenol 2.4 +/- 1.3 (+/- S.D.) micrograms/min to induce sustained monomorphic VT (greater than 30 seconds, or requiring termination due to hemodynamic collapse) after a negative baseline study. The VT mechanisms were enhanced automaticity (group A, six patients), triggered automaticity (group B, three patients), and reentry (group C, five patients). Groups A and B had serial intravenous electropharmacologic tests with propranolol alone (0.2 mg/kg), verapamil alone (0.15 mg/kg), and propranolol plus verapamil, and group C had serial tests with propranolol alone, procainamide or quinidine (class Ia drug) alone, and propranolol plus a class Ia drug until VT could no longer be induced. All six patients in group A responded to propranolol alone. In group B, one patient responded to verapamil alone, and two patients responded to propranolol plus verapamil. In group C, three patients responded to propranolol alone, one patient responded to a class Ia drug alone, and one patient responded to propranolol plus a class Ia drug. During a follow-up of 7 to 37 (17.9 +/- 10.7) (+/- S.D.) months, VT has not recurred in any patient. Three patients treated initially with propranolol alone have required substitution of amiodarone due to refractory congestive heart failure . In patients requiring isoproterenol for VT induction, beta-blockade alone appears to be effective in preventing reinduction of VT caused by enhanced automaticity. A heterogeneous response occurs when the VT mechanisms are triggered automaticity or reentry.


Curcumin

Somatostatin

Quercetin

Effects of Somatostatin, Curcumin and Quercetin on the fatty acid profile of breast cancer cell membranes.  We used MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells incubated with Curcumin and Quercetin for 24h , in the absence and presence of Somatostatin , at their EC50 concentrations , to evaluate membrane fatty acid-based functional lipidomics together with the follow-up of EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways . The two cell lines gave different membrane free fatty acid reorganization: in MCF-7 cells, the following changes observed: increase of omega-6 linoleic acid in the cells incubated with Somatostatin+Quercetin and Quercetin and decrease of omega-3 acids in the cells incubated with Somatostatin+Curcumin compared to Somatostatin, and significant increases of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), mono-trans arachidonic acid levels and docosapentaenoic acid for the cells incubated with Somatostatin+Quercetin compared to the control cells. In MDA-MB231 cells, incubations with Curcumin, Quercetin and Somatostatin+Quercetin induced the most significant membrane remodeling with the increase of stearic acid, diminution of omega-6 linoleic, arachidonic acids and omega-3 (docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids). Distinct signaling pathway changes were found for these cell lines. In MCF-7 cells, separate or combined incubations with Somatostatin and Quercetin, significantly decreased EGFR and incubation with Curcumin decreased MAPK signaling. In MDA-MB231 cells, incubation with Curcumin decreased AKT1 and p-AKT1(Thr308) levels. Incubation with Curcumin and Quercetin decreased the EGFR levels.


cetuximab

nystatin

cetuximab

cetuximab

Enhancement of tumor uptake and therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-targeted antibody cetuximab and antibody-drug conjugates by cholesterol sequestration. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been intensively investigated as a promising cancer treatment strategy. The specific mechanism of cetuximab endocytosis and its influence on cetuximab uptake, biodistribution and efficacy still remain elusive. Recently, statins have been reported to synergize with EGFR-targeting agents. Our prior work established that nystatin, a cholesterol-sequestering antifungal drug, facilitates endocytosis via the clathrin-dependent pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether nystatin regulates the uptake and efficacy of cetuximab and cetuximab-based antibody-drug conjugates (cetuximab-ADCs). In vitro and in vivo efficacies of nystatin on the uptake and activity of cetuximab/cetuximab-ADCs were studied in multiple human carcinoma cell lines and xenograft models, respectively. We identified that cholesterol sequestration by nystatin enhanced cetuximab internalization in EGFR-positive carcinoma cells by regulating EGFR trafficking/turnover and facilitating a switch from lipid rafts to clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Combination treatment with cetuximab and nystatin selectively increased cetuximab uptake by tumor tissues , translating into potentiated antitumor efficacy of cetuximab in vivo ( A431 and A549 tumors ) . Nystatin-enhanced internalization of cetuximab further improved the uptake and potency of cetuximab-doxorubicin and cetuximab-methotrexate conjugates in EGFR-positive cetuximab-resistant tumors. Combination therapy with nystatin plus either cetuximab or cetuximab-ADC further prolonged animal survival and significantly suppressed tumor growth, as compared with single-agent cetuximab or cetuximab-ADC. In summary, our results identify a novel mechanism whereby cholesterol sequestration enhances the uptake of EGFR-targeting mAb and ADCs, therefore providing preclinical proof-of-concept that combination with nystatin can potentiate the delivery and efficacy of these EGFR-targeted agents.


chenodeoxycholic

simvastatin

Effect of simvastatin in addition to chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.  The effects of combination therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid ( CDCA ) and simvastatin on serum cholestanol , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , and lathosterol levels were investigated in seven adult patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis ( CTX ) who were on long-term treatment with CDCA . The patients were treated with a combination of CDCA 750 mg daily and an increasing dose of simvastatin from 10 mg to 40 mg daily for a period of 6 months. We found a significant effect of this combination therapy compared with CDCA alone in terms of decreasing the serum cholestanol and LDL cholesterol levels, particularly with a daily dose of 40 mg simvastatin. The mean cholestanol level decreased from 9.27 micromol/L (baseline) to 6.69 micromol/L (40 mg simvastatin), while the mean LDL cholesterol level decreased from 5.08 mmol/L (baseline) to 3.04 mmol/L (40 mg simvastatin). No side effects were reported, and there were no effects on the clinical condition, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual evoked potentials, and electroencephalographic features. We conclude that a combination of 750 mg CDCA and 40 mg simvastatin daily is effective to further reduce serum cholestanol, LDL cholesterol, and lathosterol in adult CTX patients treated with long-term CDCA. Whether this combination treatment will be effective for the long-term prevention of neurological deterioration and atherosclerosis remains to be established.


Paclitaxel

paclitaxel

anthracyclines

Paclitaxel and doxorubicin in metastatic breast cancer. For the past decades the anthracyclines have been regarded as among the most active drugs for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, the 5-year survival rate in patients with stage IV breast cancer continues to be below 20%, and new active drugs and drug combinations clearly must be explored. Paclitaxel ( Taxol ; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Princeton , NJ ) has been demonstrated to be highly effective in treating patients with advanced breast cancer , including those with anthracycline-resistant breast cancer , a fact that has led to efforts to combine paclitaxel and anthracyclines . Several studies aiming to define the optimal dose and schedule of combination paclitaxel/doxorubicin have now been completed or are ongoing. Phase I/II studies have yielded encouraging preliminary response rates but quite variable toxicity profiles depending on the schedule used. These clinical trials involving combination paclitaxel/doxorubicin are reviewed, with special emphasis on the short-infusion trials.


How do you claim undiscovered land?

If your on a boat, sailing through lets say the Pacific and you come across an island and later on you find its an undiscovered island then can you claim it as your own land if your are A. In international waters B. Belong to a country or are a citizen of a country? If you have the answer, who would you talk to to claim the land. By the way, this is just a hypothetical.

Answer: Imagine you are out walking in the woods near your house and you find a cave. You think to yourself, "Gee that's a real nice cave, there's just enough room for my rocket car, my crime fighting computer and my superhero costume collection. It'd be perfect for me." Let's say that nobody already owns the cave, so you move in and bring in all your stuff. You carve a costume wardrobe into one of the stone walls, grab a shovel and flatten the floor a bit so your rocket car can drive in and out. After you've finished working on the cave and fixing it up you start to think of it as yours. But not everybody agrees. There's another guy a few miles away who also fancies himself a billionaire superhero like you. Flies around in a stupid metal suit that he made himself while a prisoner of the Taliban or something like that. Anyway, one day he walks by and sees your cave and thinks, "That's a great cave, I should make that my lair." So he comes in for a chat. He starts by telling you that he's going to move into your cave because it's his. You tell him to get stuffed, and that if he tries to take it from you, you'll be forced to unwrap a bundle of BAM!, POW! and WHOOF! on him. And what's more, you've recently adopted a teenage boy who'll do the same. "Yeah?" says the guy, "Well if that's how you feel, I'm friends with a cryogenically frozen soldier, a Norse god and some dude who owns a bow and arrow. They'll back me up if I ask them. Your move." "So what?" you say. "One of my friends is a super strong refugee from a dying planet, another is a mythical Amazonian warrior and there's also a guy who was electrocuted by lightning while drowning in toxic chemicals. They'll take your friends for sure." "Yeah? We'll see. How fast can your friends be here?" "Funny you should ask. There's something I didn't tell you about my friend who got struck by lightning." Suddenly a phone rings. It's the other guy's cell. On the phone is a cool, english sounding voice with immense gravitas. "Forget the cave." it says. "I've spent my life training superhero teams at my private academy, and I'm telling you, your team is outgunned. In any case, nobody else wants a fight over this cave when we should all be working together for the good of mankind. Everyone else has decided the cave is his cause he claimed it first. So walk away." This call makes all the difference. The other guy might not be happy, but he leaves you in peace. The cave is yours because a) you claimed it b) you were in a position to defend it and c) everyone else agreed that your claim and ability to defend were substantial enough to recognise your right of ownership.

Answer: By force. Historically, nations have defended their territory via their military or the military of their allies. If you want to keep an undiscovered island for yourself, be prepared to fight for it.

Answer: With a flag and an force/money to back the claim. Now you've got a claim and prevented people from conquering it. The next step is making everybody else acknowledge the claim you have is legitimate. Historically that was usually done by force and/or transporting people there. If you're interested there is discovered and unclaimed land in several places in the world (terra nullius). Antartica has the most unclaimed land. A few other places have border disputes that result in neither side accepting a small chunk of land.


Why do we fail to do realistic human CGI (like in SW Rouge One) yet we do it so great on non-human beings (like in Warcraft)?

Title pretty much, thanks for answers in advance!

Answer: It's more that we're really good at picking up subtle mistakes in humans, and fantasy beasts have no reference, so its a lot harder for them to look wrong.

Answer: Probably because we are so adapted to human skin/tone/etc. that our brains can pick out what is real and what is fake. Since we can't actually conceptualize what alien skin would be, real or fake is no different to us. Think about it like being scared as a child by a man dressed in a costume, over time we learn and accept that it is fake and not a threat (except clowns fuck that shit).

Answer: When was the last time you compared an Orc IRL to WoW?

Answer: It's a phenomenon known as the uncanny valley. We are very good at noticing when something is off with our fellow human beings.


Why is it that we calm down when we take a deep breath, hold it for a few seconds and exhale?

Answer: Anxiety/stress are the result of your sympathetic nervous system being activated (fight or flight response). When we are threatened we experience a variety of physical effects, e.g. increased heart rate, GI upset, jittery muscles, *rapid shallow breathing*. This helps us fight the threat or run away from it. Helpful when facing down a sabre-toothed tiger; not so much when we can't speak to a large group. The parasympathetic nervous system works in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system. It's the "all is well" setting for your bod- relaxation in terms of muscle and heart rate, *slow deep abdominal breathing*. What intentional deep breathing does is activate the parasympathetic nervous system, even if there is an anxiety-provoking event. Basically you are overriding the stress response with the "nothing to worry about" system. Since you can't simultaneously be threatened and unthreatened, your body takes the cue from the slow breathing to reduce or eliminate entirely the stress response.


Why does 1080p on a 4k TV look better than 1080p on a 1080p TV?

Answer: In a 1080p screen each pixel is represented by four individual points of light, one for each color and two for green. However when projecting 1080p video on a 4K screen you have 16 individual points of light for each pixel. This gives you a lot more room to play with. If you just map it naively you end up with a crispier image since there now is less distance between the pixels. However you have room for some filters on top which can interpolate the additional pixels from the surrounding pixels depending on the context. So an intelligent algorithm will find out where you want a smoother gradient and where you want a crispier line.

Answer: Besides what people are saying about upscaling interpolation. It may just be a better tv, the same way an excellent 1080p will look better than a Westinghouse UHD tv. Another option is vibrant picture settings, like added sharpness and enhanced color, which while they give you what the picture is supposed to look like, it makes it more eye catching.


ELI5: How is property in outer space valued? If the earth colonized Mars what government/organisation would technically own it

Answer: There's a [treaty] ( URL_0 ) that forbids countries from claiming territory in outer space. That means that while theoretically a private company could simply go up there and claim it, but it wouldn't be recognised by any earthly government... they'd have to set up their own government


Why does lights make a "blinking" effect when looking at them from far away?

Answer: Because of the air in between you and the light source. The air is at slightly different temperatures so it's like a heat shimmer effect you get above a fire, also the air is full of dust and other stuff we don't normally notice, but at distances it blocks a bit of the light.


Why are internet speeds in America so slow

Answer: It mainly has to do with the monopoly that ISP's hold over different areas. Most people have one choice for their internet provider. It's not like you can switch to a different company if you aren't happy with their shit service. Another thing is that the capacity for fast internet exists it's just that they have no reason to give it to you. My city recently became a prospective city for google fiber and TWC immediately upgraded our 20mb/s connection (maximum available) to 100mb/s for free and also started offering 200mb/s and 300mb/s for not much extra. They're also doing everything they can lawsuit wise to keep google fiber out of the city

Answer: Verizon has the best coverage, but it's not the fastest, I'm visiting family in Atlanta and I get > 110Mbps on T-Mobile. Though, I'm on their Wi-Fi as [it's much faster]( URL_0 ) (he's an exec at HP so gotta have fast Internet). 90% of the answer is because they can. 10% of the answer is because money, America is huge, and dense, so having to have thousands/millions of cell towers spread across the country and having hundreds in a single city is expensive in regards to renting out the land, supplying enough data per tower, etc.

Answer: Of all of the countries to use as an example, you use Australia? They still have a good chunk of the country on dialup since it's such a large region but has only six or so metropolitan areas. Really, America's internet speeds aren't that bad. They're not #1 but I think they were in the top 10. Meanwhile, Australia is still trying to build a fiber network but its own government keeps sabotaging it

Answer: Several reasons: 1. there's little or no competition in most markets. 2. the cost of starting up puts it out of reach for most companies. Even Google is growing insanely slow due to the cost of laying new lines 3. we've got other problems. My Internet is reliable (like 95%+ uptime) and fast enough (50 Mb) for just about anything my family of 4 needs for $65 a month. The only way things are going to change is if we make a widespread political effort to change it and frankly, my efforts there are better spent on other issues.

Answer: Speeds are so slow because the telecom industry in America is a monopoly. In certain areas you only have one choice for a provider, so why would they spend money to improve their services if you don't have any other choice? The telecom industry has been vigorously lobbying and filing lawsuits to prevent competition. Things like poles, switches, and boxes (the kind you find outside) are owned and rented out. Lawsuits have been thrown around to prevent other companies from using those utilities which makes it hard to compete. Telecom companies also sign deals with the cities themselves. If the city attempts to provide their own internet they would get sued. The only reason Google Fiber was able to become a thing is because Google could afford to build their own utilities and fight in court with a chance of winning. The American telecom industry is the poster child of corruption and bad morals and ethics. They are not satisfied with their 97% profit margins and don't care one bit about making the world a better, more connected place. It is because of Google Fiber that companies like Comcast are finally starting to improve their networks, because it is clear to both sides that the moment Google Fiber is available everybody will jump ship. These companies are fully aware of what they are doing and how damaging they are and are terrified that their monopoly will end.

Answer: Most people here simply do not understand how absurdly expensive running fiber is here in the US. A lot of it is all the codes and standards, environmental protections etc. Just to give you an example. When we tried to build a single fiber run to a local school, the cost was $75,000. We got an estimate for wiring the entire small city for fiber (every home) and it came out to about $35 million. That's for about 15,000 people. That's almost $2400 per person if every single one of those 15,000 signs up. That's just the fiber and equipment, no bandwidth to backhaul providers, etc. And this involves no big greedy corporations who just want to charge you a ton of money because they are evil and diabolical as is the common belief on Reddit. And in the real world, this notion that bandwidth costs nothing is simply untrue. Sure there are some companies that trade bandwidth. So long as they are both sending each other the same amount of data each way, they don't charge each other for that mutual bandwidth. But its not very common for ISPs. The US is very vast and has lot of mountains in many areas. Those long distances cost a huge amount of money to cover, as do areas like mountains. So take the endless claims that it's all about big greedy corporations with a grain of salt. Feel free to do some research and see how much it would cost you if you were to build your own fiber network non-profit and you will see for yourself.

Answer: You won't get 200Mbps on Telstra LTE most of the time unless you're very lucky. First of all, the guy is in Melbourne, speedtesting to a Telstra server. Telstra has its HQ in Melbourne, and they have very strong mobile reception here (plus in other cities). But outside of the bigger cities, or even in the suburbs, the mobile cells are further spaced out, so there's more congestion and generally the speeds drop off a bit. It is pretty good though, I'm currently getting 85Mbps inside my house (Melbourne suburbs, about 8km from the CBD). Telstra is a world leader in LTE technology, they're investing a lot of money in it. If you moved to another carrier, you wouldn't get as good service. However the fixed line internet in Australia is nowhere near as good, as other commenters have said. Also, mobile data is expensive here, especially with Telstra (best network, so they charge more). You get 10GB on a $120/month plan with an iPhone 7 (unlimited talk and text). And when you go over the 10GB, it doesn't throttle your speed, you get charged at a $10/GB rate. Source: I'm currently doing an internship at Telstra :)

Answer: LOL, sure you can get those speeds in Aus, but i mean you have a max of like 25GB before you start paying $10 per GB over that. Source: Am an internet seller man

Answer: America is where the technology is developed. As a result it's usually the first country to get things and gets technology 1.0. As the technology gets deployed people figure improvements, better ways to do stuff, upgrades, etc and technology 2.0 is developed. Usually this updated technology is deployed in the rest of the world after the USA. So why don't you just upgrade the technology? Well, upgrading usually costs more money, and technology 1.0 tends to be good enough. BTW, this doesn't just refer to LTE cell phones, but to credit card chips (which most of the world had before us), and other stuff that's deployed first to the US and later to the world.

Answer: I work for T-Mobile as a project manager. We are the fastest in our area and many others but it really depends on the spectrum owned by the carrier. The US government (FCC) Is in charge of dividing up the available spectrum via auctions. 5MHZ of additional spectrum can cost billions of dollars per market (geographic area). That's the reason he carriers are always trying to merge or buy each other out. It isn't the towers, customers, or equipment. It's the spectrum. The carrier with the most bandwidth owns the speed and thus owns the customers. It's a vicious game.

Answer: There's an Adam Ruins Everything on this. If I remember correctly the TLDR is that since the govt thought that I'd all be just a fad, they didn't stop monopalization- There's barely any competition so no pressure to get any better.

Answer: Collusion. Companies spend the absolute bare minimum they need to maintain their networks and strike deals amongst themselves so as not to have to compete with anyone else. When someone like Google Fiber comes into the market, they use lawyers and politicians to help keep them out and protect their fiefdoms.

Answer: The geographical area that is covered in other countries is is tiny compared to in the US. Even in countries that are larger than 1/50th of the US, they still only supply internet to their larger cities and metropolitan areas. Also, CDMA is an anti-competitive technology. Verizon is a CDMA company in the US. Everywhere else, GSM (Like T-Mobile and AT & T) is mandated and pretty much open to competitive forces which improve service and decrease consumer costs.


How are pop-up and generally annoying web ads viable?

Go to a news website, or any website in general, and you get bombarded with pop-up ads, ads that start playing videos automatically, etc. - how is this intrusive advertising even remotely beneficial to the advertiser anymore? It seems like this type of advertising would do more harm to their brand than help. Do they actually generate substantial traffic and revenue for the advertiser?

Answer: The same reason you get viagra and penis pill spam in your email. Some people are unbelievably stupid and willing to spend money to prove it.

Answer: > It seems like this type of advertising would do more harm to their brand than help I suspect most of us associate annoyance with the *ad* itself, but not the *brand* behind the ad (E.g., I know I don't hate Coke because of their annoying ads). It also doesn't matter much if ads are annoying. Half the job is making people remember. What annoying ads do? Make people remember. If we forgot them in 30 seconds they probably would be annoying in the first place. There's also a few interesting studies I've heard of about us being more receptive to the '*skip this ad in 5 sec*' type, because for that five second period we are paying attention to try and skip it asap, whereas on telly we zone out almost immediately. > Do they actually generate substantial traffic and revenue for the advertiser? They don't even need to generate revenue directly or immediately. Many marketing things are long term and look like they are losing money on paper. Primarily, they just need to make sure you are aware of that brand. Do you know how often I see ads to [Grammarly]( URL_0 )? Sure, I find the ads annoying. However, I now *know* about the product and if I wanted a service like that it's the first one that comes to mind. Because of those ads, before I even used the service or product, I have a 'stereotype' of that product. People often use these stereotypes when making purchases. In this case, I'd be making a comparison between a complete unknown and something I've seen on an ad. For many, that's enough to change their decision and behaviour.


Why would a drug dealer lace their product with carfentanil, which is causing so many OD deaths? Aren't they reducing their own customer base?

I ask as a paramedic who responds to these ODs. We are getting more and more warnings about dangerous opiates that can even cause us to OD if we inadvertently come into contact with a trace amount.

Answer: So, my source is an informational presentation from a law enforcement officer. If someone wants to add a different perspective, by all means... Dealers want to be known for having the strongest stuff around. Yes, people OD. They consider it advertising.

Answer: Tldr it makes the drugs stronger and more addictive. It's easier to get hooked so they sell more

Answer: Usually it's too either A) be more addictive, and/or B) be known to have the strongest and best shit around. So if someone overdoses, other people might assume its strong and possibly the best around. This will interest more people to buy from that dealer

Answer: I just learned this. It's because when people OD the people buying drugs think that dudes stuff must be awesome and it actually gets them more customers vs others. Plus the stuff they put in is so much cheaper than the actual product that they make a much higher profit margin.


R&Boring


Irgendwie...

kommen manche Posts nicht durch :(


Wie komme ich zu meiner postinguebersicht?


sentence1: Don't go to lunch if we don't have enough coverage for the help-desk phones. sentence2: The dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent. word: coverage


sentence1: She could not help watching the sad spectacle. sentence2: I can't help myself -- I have to smoke. word: help


sentence1: Family members had been buried in the vault for centuries. sentence2: The bank kept their money safe in a large vault. word: vault


sentence1: Do you take me for a fool? sentence2: Looking at him as he came into the room, I took him for his father. word: take


sentence1: Set these words in italics. sentence2: Set the tray down. word: set


sentence1: After the fire a still small voice. -- 1 Kings 19:12. sentence2: The voice of the law. word: voice


sentence1: Corn doesn't grow here. sentence2: In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees. word: grow


sentence1: The key to development is economic integration. sentence2: They were carrying two keys of heroin. word: key


sentence1: Check the brakes. sentence2: Check the growth of communism in South East Asia. word: check


sentence1: She has no peer in the concoction of mystery stories. sentence2: His testimony was a concoction. word: concoction


Al - Zaman : American forces killed Shaikh Abdullah al - Ani , the preacher at the mosque in the town of Qaim , near the Syrian border .


Why am I unable verify my id?

Why am I unable verify my id?


There was an unexpected fee for my cash withdrawal!


Is there something wrong with the transferring functions? I keep trying to transfer funds and only get an error message.


Do you deal with EUR?

Do you deal with EUR?


Do I need to convert my currency from GBP before transferring?


The exchange rate for my electronic payment is incorrect.


Why can't I withdraw money?

Why can't I withdraw money?


I accidentally put in the wrong pin too many times and now I need to unblock it. Can you assist with this?


Why do i have to verify my top-up card?

Why do i have to verify my top-up card?


What reasons would cause my card payment to be cancelled?


EPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!
MITT ROMNEY!
VERSUS!
BARACK OBAMA!
BEGIN!
Im not gonna let this battle be dictated by facts
Im rich, I got fat stacks and Super PACs
We all know what went down in that 2008 election
Youre a decent politician with a winning complexion
Youre all Barack and no bite
Been no change and were all still hoping
That youll shut your mouth
But like Guantanamo Bay theyre both open
Youre from the windy city
Where youre looking pretty with your blowhards
But come January, youll be left evicted and with no job
Raw rhymes stronger than my jaw line when I spit a phrase
Knocking you harder than front doors in my old mission days
You see this silver spoon?
This dug Mass out of debt
Took you four years to drop unemployment down below 8%
You feel that Barry? Youre old news, everyones having doubts
And your rhymes are as weak as this economy that youve done nothing about
Call me a vicious businessman cause Romneys stealing this race
Ill go Bain Capital on your donkey ass, restructure your face
They say your father was a great man, you must be whats left
Need to stop hatin on gays, let em teach you how to dress
Youve got the momma jeans, and a Mister Fantastic face
So rich and white its like Im running against a cheesecake!
Republicans need a puppet and you fit
Got their hands so far up your rear, call you Mitt
Im the head of state, youre like a head of cabbage
Bout to get smacked by my stimulus package
Youre a bad man with no chance, you cant even touch me
I got four more years in the White House, just trust me
I hoped you saved your best rhymes for the second half
Cause right now, Im 47% through kicking your ass
Whatever, that 40% thing got you real mad
What, did it remind you how many decent parents you had?
Uh, look, I respect all religions, uh, but it might get crazy
If the White House has a first, second, and a third lady!
Ha, dont bring up wives, man, what are you doing?
You got hitched to the female version of Patrick Ewing!
Uh, let me be clear, uh, dont get it twisted
Well see how pretty your face is after my fist has kissed it
Ahhuuhhhaa
Youre a stuttering communist
Oh yeah? Well youre stupid
Youre stupid
Nuh-uh
Errggg
Errggg
Cawwww!
By the power invested in me by this giant bald bird
The President shall not be the shiniest of two turds!
You! I wanna like you! Dont talk about change, just do it!
I fought for what was on my brain until a bullet went through it!
And you, moneybags, youre a pancake, youre flip-floppity
Its a country, not a company you can play like Monopoly!
Ill properly reach across the aisle and bitch-smack you as equals!
Of the people, by the people, for the people
Eagle!
WHO WON?
WHOS NEXT?
YOU DECIDE!
EPIC!
RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!


EPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!
STEPHEN KING!
VS!
EDGAR ALLAN POE!
BEGIN!
Once upon a midnight dreary, as I spit this weak and weary
I will choke this joker with a trochee till his cheeks are teary
But yall dont hear me, all should fear me
Ill forever be better, youll never be near me
Your books are as eerie as Beverly Cleary!
Youre a faux Bram Stoker, so scram, the shows over
Your flows so-so, Poes poems pwn posers
I wrote em locked in a cave, while I sobbed in a rage
The Tell-Tale Heart beats soft in its grave
While this jerk just beats off on a page
You wanna talk shop, you gothed-out fop?
Go back to Hot Topic and shop for a top
Theres a melancholy alcoholic laughing stock
In the Kings house, now watch the Castle Rock
Pouty little poet with an opiate affliction
Im a workaholic with a fiction addiction
Im making dedicated readers shivery and jittery
Feel that Rage and Misery
You better start running, man
Youre in deep poo, Poe
Im a mad dog, fangs Shining, Cujo
Tommyknock you down till you cant stand up
Youre as soft as Po, the Kung Fu Panda
Racks on racks cause I pen fat stacks of frightening writing
Have you seen the pile?
I can even take a break from my routine style
Crank out a Shawshank or a Green Mile
Masque of the Red Death? Barely blood-curdling
Pit and the Pendulum? Not even unnerving
Perving on your first cousin when shes thirteen years old?
Now thats disturbing
Stephen you pretend to do it, Ive been really living through it
Like misery and poverty and family woes
I see through you like pantyhose,
Doing Chappelle and Simpson cameos
Even if youre gripping on a weapon, then you better get to stepping if youre messing with the horror lord
In a minute maybe, Imma hit him
Cut him into itty bitty bits and Ima stick em in the floorboards
Uh, speaking of bored, youre the worst
Dropped out of school but you cant drop a verse
I could have spent that time better
In eight bars I can write a whole best-seller
Im so prolific, this sickly goblin wont be bothering me
Im on a clobbering spree
And Ill be smacking you with any of the big thick books
In my big dick bibliography
See, Im the author with the blood and gore lore galore thatll horrify a reader to the core
Fame? Money? Talent? Success?
Youll always have less
WHO WON?
WHOS NEXT?
YOU DECIDE!
EPIC! AHH! RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!


EPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!
SKRILLEX!
VS!
MOZART!
BEGIN!
My name is Skrillex, man! Welcome to the Devils Den
Im a scary monster stomping this sprite in frilly pants
Youre a weirdo, Wolfy, youre into powdered wigs & poop!
And your cousin blew notes on your little Magic Flute
Your daddy issues make the Jackson 5 look like the Family Circus!
You might have been a genius but you died baroque and worthless!
Im rich, acclaimed, and famous, Im on playlists, Im the A-List!
Youre the lamest, kiss my ass A-A-A-A-Amadeus
Was that a verse, or did you just get the hiccups?
Im a prodigy, Sonny, and Im about to smack a bitch up!
My music is 200 years old, and its still excellent!
In two more months the world will forget about your Skrill-excrement
I cant believe the way you dress when you dubstep out of the house
Youre like an emo Steve Urkel and you reek of dead mouse!
I am the worlds greatest composer! No one knows what you are!
Except a lonely little troll who knows how to press a spacebar!
I attack! You decay! Cant sustain my releases!
Sidechain, Wolfgang, Bangarang you to pieces
Im a self-made man, youre a slave to your papa!
Im a r-r-r-rock star, mix you with the bass and drop ya!
Global! My strobes glow like Chernobyl!
Kids explode and get mobile! No one even knows you!
I make the whole world move! You play community theatre!
I gained your same fame from home on a blown out speaker!
Oh yes, Ive heard that EP, and see I transcribed it here
Tell me, what comes after the 68th measure of diarrhea?
And what kind of drugs does it take to enjoy this? Ive no idea!
Ive seen more complexity in a couch from IKEA
You go piano to fortississimo, that means soft to very very loud
Cause Im guessing that you didnt know!
Why dont you put down your Cubase & pick up a real bow?
I rocked harder than you when I was 5 years old!
WHO WON?
WHOS NEXT?
YOU DECIDE!
EPIC RAP B-B-B-B-B-BATTLES!
OF HISTORY


EPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!
FRANK SINATRA!
VS!
FREDDIE MERCURY!
BEGIN!
Ho! Whats wrong with your face? Baby, yikes!
With those teeth when youre through therell be no dust left to bite
Christ, newsflash, kid: this is show business
Show some class when you dress, shave that bush off your lips! Boom!
Your bands named Queen, huh? Aint that sweet
You dance like you rode a bicycle race with no seat
Thats whats wrong with you people, youll do anything to get famous
You changed your name to Mercury, you shouldve been Freddie Uranus
You think I havent heard those things before?
Youre just a bully whos too scared to go to war
You had a hit song called My Way, but someone else wrote it
Youre the least talented rat in your whole pack of rodents
Youve got four notes in your whole range, you cant act and you cant dance
Im more powerful than you when Im wearing womens pants
Why do you stand there in a suit? its like youre trying to bore me
When I rock the UK, South America gets horny
Because my songs have balls! Theyre the anthems of victory!
Your music is like the sound track to a vasectomy
Youre in the pocket of the mafia, and everybody knows
Guinea Dago
Guinea Dago?
Guinea Dago, Figaro
Easy, Jaws of Life, I cant stand a racist
I love the coloreds and the queers, just ask Sammy Davis
Look, we all want to swing, baby, but you took it too far
You played butthole roulette and you lost the draw!
I took one for both teams from a disease no one knew existed
I didnt leave a mark on history, I French kissed it!
Im a champion of the world extinguished in his prime!
So kiss my ass Frankie but youll have to wait in line
WHO WON?
WHOS NEXT?
YOU DECIDE!
EEEEEEPIC
EEEEEEPIC
EEEEEEPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!


EPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!
MARTIN LUTHER KING!
VS!
GANDHI!
BEGIN!
You want to battle wits? see whos a better pacifist
I fought the caste system, but you still cannot touch this
Slumdog skillionaire, first name Messiah
Raps so hot I spit yoga fire
Everything you preach, I said it first
You should just jot down these words, plagiarize my whole verse
Leave your thoughts on the door like the real Martin Luther
Im not thinking you shall overcome this Junior
Im the King of civil rights from the city to suburbia
No shoes, no shirt, but Im still gonna serve ya
Make you swallow your words so you can break the fast
Then thank God almighty, you can eat at last
I admire the way you broke the British power
But I have a dream that one day youll take a shower
Like the H in your name, you ought to remain silent
Flatten your style like bread, Naan-violence
You would know about bread, Dr.Birmingham sandwich
Boycott those grits, sit in with some spinach
With protests and women, the same advice goes
Always stay away from the hos
Ive got so much street cred they write my name on the signs
Id ring you for tech support, but I got a no bell prize
Nigga, we got more beef than one of your sacred cows
But Im about to forgive you so hard right now
I am passively resisting the fact that you suck
I am celibate because I dont give a fuck
WHO WON? WHOS NEXT? YOU DECIDE!
EPIC RAP BATTLES OF HISTORY!


A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.

A person is at a diner, ordering an omelette.

I guess it could happen that someone foil a robbery with their gun, but I've not heard of it.


No it's hardly what anyone would call obvious!

Several men of Indian origin are conversing.


A boy is jumping on skateboard in the middle of a red bridge.

He made a list of plaes he wanted to avoid.

The Asian child is doing his science homework.

Don't make any moves until I get there, he said before joining the detectives.


Two blond women are hugging one another.

A group of people are gathered around a bonfire.

A lady cashes out her purchases by a cashier


A few people in a restaurant setting, one of them is drinking orange juice.

The people are sitting at desks in school.

I wonder if we should reward him for prosperity.

in the 1460s, the medieval city was 300 years away from developing a sibling city.


An older man is drinking orange juice at a restaurant.

Two women are at a restaurant drinking wine.

You may contact the Japanese bar association at 410-337-9103.

Stone lets actors make whoopie this time.

Tattooed guy in a white shirt is walking down a street.

Dog with white paws runs on barren field


A man with blond-hair, and a brown shirt drinking out of a public water fountain.

A blond man drinking water from a fountain.

A blond man wearing a brown shirt is reading a book on a bench in the park

The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway has no nickname.

The man and woman are holding hands and kissing.


Two women who just had lunch hugging and saying goodbye.

The friends scowl at each other over a full dinner table.

You cannot see any nets from the shore of the northern tip of the peninsula.

Dissenters say he doesn't understand women.


Two women, holding food carryout containers, hug.

Two groups of rival gang members flipped each other off.

The fourth floor has the Galleria Sabauda, which has a collection of only African art.

Dancing and dinner on board an air conditioned floating nightclub can be done on a harbor cruise.


A Little League team tries to catch a runner sliding into a base in an afternoon game.

There has yet to be a discovery on the critical environmental factors.

The fat man continued shouting as Thorn reach high above the rafters.


SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES
              TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Business entity.--The term ``business entity'' means a
        firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint
        venture, or other form of enterprise.
            (2) Facility.--The term ``facility'' means any real
        property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance.
            (3) Gross negligence.--The term ``gross negligence'' means
        voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at
        the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be
        harmful to the health or well-being of another person.
            (4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ``intentional
        misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the
        time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health
        or well-being of another person.
            (5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit
        organization'' means--
                    (A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3)
                of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from
                tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or
                    (B) any not-for-profit organization organized and
                conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for
                charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or
                health purposes.
            (6) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several
        States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
        Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern
        Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the
        United States, or any political subdivision of any such State,
        territory, or possession.
    (b) Limitation on Liability.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business
        entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any
        injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity
        in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit
        organization if--
                    (A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business
                of the business entity;
                    (B) such injury or death occurs during a period
                that such facility is used by the nonprofit
                organization; and
                    (C) the business entity authorized the use of such
                facility by the nonprofit organization.
            (2) Application.--This subsection shall apply--
                    (A) with respect to civil liability under Federal
                and State law; and
                    (B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization
                pays for the use of a facility.
    (c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an
injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business
entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct,
including any misconduct that--
            (1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is
        defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act
        of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section
        2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in
        any court;
            (2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the
        Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note));
            (3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable
        State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any
        court; or
            (4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been
        found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
    (d) Superseding Provision.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection
        (e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that
        such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act
        shall not preempt any State law that provides additional
        protection from liability for a business entity for an injury
        or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs
        (A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply.
            (2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
        supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
    (e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall
not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business
entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State
enacts a statute--
            (1) citing the authority of this subsection;
            (2) declaring the election of such State that this Act
        shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and
            (3) containing no other provision.

Summary:
Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization.
Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability.  Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State.

A bill to limit the civil liability of business entities providing use of facilities to nonprofit organizations.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Human Rights Information Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The people of the United States consider the national
        and international protection and promotion of human rights and
        the rule of law the most important values of any democracy. The
        founding fathers defined human rights prominently in the Bill
        of Rights, giving those rights a special priority and
        protection in the Constitution.
            (2) Federal agencies are in possession of documents
        pertaining to gross human rights violations abroad which are
        needed by foreign authorities to document, investigate, and
        subsequently prosecute instances of continued and systematic
        gross human rights violations, including those directed against
        citizens of the United States.
            (3) The United States will continue to receive requests
        from foreign authorities for legal assistance regarding human
        rights violations, including the declassification of documents.
        In addition to requests by Guatemala and Honduras, a Spanish
        court magistrate, Baltasar Garzon, recently requested from the
        United States information on General Augusto Pinochet.
        Currently, the United States responds to declassification
        requests by following procedures outlined in Presidential
        directives and executive orders. The overwhelming interest of
        the United States in the protection and promotion of human
        rights nationally and internationally requires a significant
        strengthening of existing declassification procedures,
        including section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly
        known as the ``Freedom of Information Act'').
            (4) The expedient declassification of human rights
        documents in full compliance with United States security
        interests according to the procedures outlined in this Act will
        protect global human rights by strengthening the rule of law
        internationally, creating a crucial level of accountability of
        Federal agencies, and will result in significant saving of
        Government resources.
            (5) The commitment to the promotion and protection of human
        rights and democracy around the world has led the United States
        to undertake tremendous diplomatic, economic, and military
        efforts to end systematic gross human rights violations abroad,
        consistent with the national interests and international
        leadership role of the United States. In addition, countless
        humanitarian United States nongovernmental organizations and
        citizens of the United States promote human rights and
        democracy in foreign countries. These efforts are thwarted if
        the cycle of impunity for human rights violations is not broken
        in those countries, and the likelihood of the need for renewed
        United States engagements in those areas remains.
            (6) The United States therefore has a significant interest
        that newly established or reestablished democratic societies
        take credible steps to fully investigate and prosecute human
        rights violations. These steps can include the creation of a
        national or international truth commission or tribunal, the
        appointment of a human rights officer, or official national
        investigations led by credible sections of the civil society,
        including churches and nongovernmental organizations.
            (7) The United States has long provided international
        leadership to end impunity for gross human rights violations
        and to promote the rule of law around the world by establishing
        and supporting the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal; in
        addition, the United States has actively participated in, among
        others, the International War Crimes Tribunals on the former
        Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
            (8) The United States has ratified the Convention against
        Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment, which in article 9 obligates parties to ``afford one
another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal
proceedings brought in respect of any [acts of, attempts of, or
complicity in acts of torture], including the supply of all evidence at
their disposal necessary for the proceedings.'' In addition, as a
member State of the Organization of American States, the United States
should seek to follow the December 8, 1998, recommendation of the
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights ``that member States of the
Organization of American States adopt legislative and such other
measures as may be necessary to effectuate the right of free access to
information in files and documents in the power of the State,
particularly in cases of investigations to establish criminal
responsibility for international crimes and serious violations of human
rights.''
            (9) The Guatemalan peace accords, which the Government of
        the United States firmly supports, included as an important and
        vital component an investigation and a report by the Commission
        for the Historical Clarification of Human Rights Violations and
        Acts of Violence which have Caused Suffering to the Guatemalan
        People (referred to in this Act as the ``Clarification
        Commission''). Despite the conclusion of this investigation,
        many questions, including the identity of perpetrators of human
        rights violations as well as the location of bodies of the
        ``disappeared'', remain unanswered. The Clarification
        Commission explicitly recommended that ``all available legal
        and material resources should be utilized [by the Guatemalan
        Government] to clarify the whereabouts of the disappeared and,
        in the case of death, to deliver the remains to the
        relatives.''
            (10) Two days after presenting a parallel investigation,
        ``Guatemala: Never Again'', by the Historical Memory Recovery
        Project by the Archbishop of Guatemala, the director of the
        project, Bishop Juan Jose Gerardi, was assassinated.
            (11) President Clinton stated in Guatemala on March 10,
        1999, that ``[f]or the United States, it is important that I
        state clearly that support for military forces or intelligence
        units which engaged in violent and widespread repression of the
        kind described in the report [by the Clarification Commission]
        was wrong, and the United States must not repeat that mistake.
        We must, and we will, instead, continue to support the peace
        and reconciliation process in Guatemala.''
            (12) The National Commissioner for the Protection of Human
        Rights in the Republic of Honduras has been requesting
        documentation of the United States on human rights violations
        in Honduras since November 15, 1993. The Commissioner's request
        has been partly fulfilled, but aspects of it are still pending.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Human rights record.--The term ``human rights record''
        means a record in the possession, custody, or control of the
        United States Government containing information about gross
        violations of internationally recognized human rights committed
        after 1944.
            (2) Agency.--The term ``agency'' means any agency of the
        United States Government charged with the conduct of foreign
        policy or foreign intelligence, including, but not limited to,
        the Department of State, the Agency for International
        Development, the Department of Defense (and all of its
        components), the Central Intelligence Agency, the National
        Reconnaissance Office, the Department of Justice (and all of
        its components), the National Security Council, and the
        Executive Office of the President.
            (3) Gross violations of internationally recognized human
        rights.--The term ``gross violations of internationally
        recognized human rights'' has the meaning given that term in
        section 502B(d)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
        U.S.C. 2304(d)(1)).

SEC. 4. IDENTIFICATION, REVIEW, AND PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
              RECORDS REGARDING GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
provisions of this Act shall govern the declassification and public
disclosure of human rights records by agencies.
    (b) Identification of Records.--Not later than 120 days after the
date of enactment of this Act, each agency shall identify, review, and
organize all human rights records regarding activities occurring in
Guatemala and Honduras after 1944 for the purpose of declassifying and
disclosing the records to the public. Except as provided in section 5,
all records described in the preceding sentence shall be made available
to the public not later than 30 days after a review under this section
is completed.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 150 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the President shall report to Congress regarding
each agency's compliance with the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 5. GROUNDS FOR POSTPONEMENT OF PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS.

    (a) In General.--An agency may postpone public disclosure of a
human rights record or particular information in a human rights record
only if the agency determines that there is clear and convincing
evidence that--
            (1) the threat to the military defense, intelligence
        operations, or conduct of foreign relations of the United
        States raised by public disclosure of the human rights record
        is of such gravity that it outweighs the public interest, and
        such public disclosure would reveal--
                    (A) an intelligence agent whose identity currently
                requires protection;
                    (B) an intelligence source or method--
                            (i) which is being utilized, or reasonably
                        expected to be utilized, by the United States
                        Government;
                            (ii) which has not been officially
                        disclosed; and
                            (iii) the disclosure of which would
                        interfere with the conduct of intelligence
                        activities; or
                    (C) any other matter currently relating to the
                military defense, intelligence operations, or conduct
                of foreign relations of the United States, the
                disclosure of which would demonstrably impair the
                national security of the
                United States;
            (2) the public disclosure of the human rights record would
        reveal the name or identity of a living individual who provided
        confidential information to the United States and would pose a
        substantial risk of harm to that individual;
            (3) the public disclosure of the human rights record could
        reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of
        personal privacy, and that invasion of privacy is so
        substantial that it outweighs the public interest; or
            (4) the public disclosure of the human rights record would
        compromise the existence of an understanding of confidentiality
        currently requiring protection between a Government agent and a
        cooperating individual or a foreign government, and public
        disclosure would be so harmful that it outweighs the public
        interest.
    (b) Special Treatment of Certain Information.--It shall not be
grounds for postponement of disclosure of a human rights record that an
individual named in the human rights record was an intelligence asset
of the United States Government, although the existence of such
relationship may be withheld if the criteria set forth in subsection
(a) are met. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term an
``intelligence asset'' means a covert agent as defined in section
606(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 426(4)).

SEC. 6. REQUEST FOR HUMAN RIGHTS RECORDS FROM OFFICIAL ENTITIES IN
              OTHER COUNTRIES.

    In the event that an agency of the United States receives a request
for human rights records from an entity created by the United Nations,
the Organization of American States or a similar entity, a national
truth commission or entity of similar nature, or from the principal
justice or human rights official of a country that is investigating a
pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights,
the agency shall conduct a review of records as described in section 4
and shall declassify and publicly disclose such records in accordance
with the standards and procedures set forth in this Act.

SEC. 7. REVIEW OF DECISIONS TO WITHHOLD RECORDS.

    (a) Duties of the Appeals Panel.--The Interagency Security
Classification Appeals Panel or any other entity subsequently
established by law or Executive order and charged with carrying out the
functions currently carried out by such Panel (referred to in this Act
as the ``Appeals Panel'') shall review all determinations by an agency
to postpone public disclosure of any human rights record.
    (b) Determinations of the Appeals Panel.--
            (1) In general.--The Appeals Panel shall direct that all
        human rights records be disclosed to the public, unless the
        Appeals Panel determines that there is clear and convincing
        evidence that--
                    (A) the record is not a human rights record; or
                    (B) the human rights record or particular
                information in the human rights record qualifies for
                postponement of disclosure pursuant to section 5.
            (2) Treatment in cases of nondisclosure.--If the Appeals
        Panel concurs with an agency decision to postpone disclosure of
        a human rights record, the Appeals Panel shall determine, in
        consultation with the originating agency and consistent with
the standards set forth in this Act, which, if any, of the alternative
forms of disclosure described in paragraph (3) shall be made by the
agency.
            (3) Alternative forms of disclosure.--The forms of
        disclosure described in this paragraph are as follows:
                    (A) Disclosure of any reasonably segregable portion
                of the human rights record after deletion of the
                portions described in paragraph (1).
                    (B) Disclosure of a record that is a substitute for
                information which is not disclosed.
                    (C) Disclosure of a summary of the information
                contained in the human rights record.
            (4) Notification of determination.--
                    (A) In general.--Upon completion of its review, the
                Appeals Panel shall notify the head of the agency in
                control or possession of the human rights record that
                was the subject of the review of its determination and
                shall, not later than 14 days after the determination,
                publish the determination in the Federal Register.
                    (B) Notice to president.--The Appeals Panel shall
                notify the President of its determination. The notice
                shall contain a written unclassified justification for
                its determination, including an explanation of the
                application of the standards contained in section 5.
            (5) General procedures.--The Appeals Panel shall publish in
        the Federal Register guidelines regarding its policy and
        procedures for adjudicating appeals.
    (c) Presidential Authority Over Appeals Panel Determination.--
            (1) Public disclosure or postponement of disclosure.--The
        President shall have the sole and nondelegable authority to
        review any determination of the Appeals Panel under this Act,
        and such review shall be based on the standards set forth in
        section 5. Not later than 30 days after the Appeals Panel's
        determination and notification to the agency pursuant to
        subsection (b)(4), the President shall provide the Appeals
        Panel with an unclassified written certification specifying the
        President's decision and stating the reasons for the decision,
        including in the case of a determination to postpone
        disclosure, the standards set forth in section 5 which are the
        basis for the President's determination.
            (2) Record of presidential postponement.--The Appeals Panel
        shall, upon receipt of the President's determination, publish
        in the Federal Register a copy of any unclassified written
        certification, statement, and other materials transmitted by or
        on behalf of the President with regard to the postponement of
        disclosure of a human rights record.

SEC. 8. REPORT REGARDING OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS RECORDS.

    Upon completion of the review and disclosure of the human rights
records relating to Guatemala and Honduras, the Information Security
Policy Advisory Council, established pursuant to Executive Order No.
12958, shall report to Congress on the desirability and feasibility of
declassification of human rights records relating to other countries.
The report shall be available to the public.

SEC. 9. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.

    (a) Freedom of Information Act.--Nothing in this Act shall be
construed to limit any right to file a request with any executive
agency or seek judicial review of a decision pursuant to section 552 of
title 5, United States Code.
    (b) Judicial Review.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
preclude judicial review, under chapter 7 of title 5, United States
Code, of final actions taken or required to be taken under this Act.

SEC. 10. CREATION OF POSITIONS.

    For purposes of carrying out the provisions of this Act, there
shall be 2 additional positions in the Appeals Panel. The President
shall appoint individuals who are not employees of the United States
who have demonstrated substantial human rights expertise and who are
able to meet the security requirements for the positions. The President
shall seek recommendations with respect to such positions from
nongovernmental human rights organizations.

Summary:
Human Rights Information Act - Requires certain Federal agencies to identify and organize all human rights records regarding activities occurring in Guatemala and Honduras after 1944 for declassification and disclosure purposes, and to make them available to the public.
Instructs the President to report to Congress regarding agency compliance.
Prescribes guidelines under which the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel shall review agency determinations to postpone public disclosure of any human rights record.  Authorizes postponement of such public disclosures on specified grounds.
Requires any U.S. agency, upon request by an entity created by the United Nations, the Organization of American States (or similar entity), a national truth commission (or similar entity), or from the principal justice or human rights official of a country that is investigating a pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, to review, declassify, and publicly disclose any human pertinent rights records.
Directs the Information Security Policy Advisory Council to report to Congress on declassification of human rights records relating to other countries and to make such report available to the public.
Creates two additional positions in the Panel in order to implement this Act.

Human Rights Information Act


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Jackie Robinson Commemorative Coin
Act''.

SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS.

    (a) $1 Silver Coins.--In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of
the breaking of the color barrier in major league baseball by Jackie
Robinson, the Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred
to as the ``Secretary'') shall mint and issue not more than 500,000 1
dollar coins, which shall--
            (1) weigh 26.73 grams;
            (2) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and
            (3) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper.
    (b) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be legal
tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code.
    (c) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5136 of title 31,
United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered
to be numismatic items.

SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION.

    The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under this Act
only from stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical
Materials Stock Piling Act.

SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS.

    (a) Design Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--The design--
                    (A) on the obverse side of the coins minted under
                this Act shall be emblematic of Jackie Robinson; and
                    (B) on the reverse side of such coins shall be
                emblematic of Jackie Robinson's association with and
                contributions to major league baseball.
            (2) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted
        under this Act there shall be--
                    (A) a designation of the value of the coin;
                    (B) an inscription of the year ``1997''; and
                    (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God
                We Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E
                Pluribus Unum''.
    (b) Selection.--The design for the coins minted under this Act
shall be--
            (1) selected by the Secretary after consultation with the
        Jackie Robinson Foundation and the Commission of Fine Arts; and
            (2) reviewed by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory
        Committee.

SEC. 5. ISSUANCE OF COINS.

    (a) Quality of Coins.--Coins minted under this Act shall be issued
in uncirculated and proof qualities.
    (b) Mint Facility.--Only 1 facility of the United States Mint may
be used to strike any particular quality of the coins minted under this
Act.
    (c) Commencement of Issuance.--The Secretary may issue coins minted
under this Act beginning April 15, 1997.
    (d) Termination of Minting Authority.--No coins may be minted under
this Act after December 15, 1998.

SEC. 6. SALE OF COINS.

    (a) Sale Price.--The coins issued under this Act shall be sold by
the Secretary at a price equal to the sum of--
            (1) the face value of the coins;
            (2) the surcharge provided in subsection (d) with respect
        to such coins; and
            (3) the cost of designing and issuing the coins (including
        labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses,
        marketing, and shipping).
    (b) Bulk Sales.--The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the coins
issued under this Act at a reasonable discount.
    (c) Prepaid Orders.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall accept prepaid orders
        for the coins minted under this Act before the issuance of such
        coins.
            (2) Discount.--Sale prices with respect to prepaid orders
        under paragraph (1) shall be at a reasonable discount.
    (d) Surcharges.--All sales shall include a surcharge of $10 per
coin.

SEC. 7. GENERAL WAIVER OF PROCUREMENT REGULATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), no provision
of law governing procurement or public contracts shall be applicable to
the procurement of goods and services necessary for carrying out the
provisions of this Act.
    (b) Equal Employment Opportunity.--Subsection (a) shall not relieve
any person entering into a contract under the authority of this Act
from complying with any law relating to equal employment opportunity.

SEC. 8. DISTRIBUTION OF SURCHARGES.

    Subject to section 10(a), all surcharges received by the Secretary
from the sale of coins issued under this Act shall be promptly paid by
the Secretary to the Jackie Robinson Foundation (hereafter in this Act
referred to as the Foundation'') for the purpose of--
            (1) enhancing the programs of the Foundation in the field
        of education and youth leadership skills development; and
            (2) increasing the availability of scholarships for youth
        with the greatest need.

SEC. 9. FINANCIAL ASSURANCES.

    (a) No Net Cost to the Government.--The Secretary shall take such
actions as may be necessary to ensure that minting and issuing coins
under this Act will not result in any net cost to the United States
Government.
    (b) Payment for Coins.--A coin shall not be issued under this Act
unless the Secretary has received--
            (1) full payment for the coin;
            (2) security satisfactory to the Secretary to indemnify the
        United States for full payment; or
            (3) a guarantee of full payment satisfactory to the
        Secretary from a depository institution whose deposits are
        insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the
        National Credit Union Administration Board.

SEC. 10. CONDITIONS ON PAYMENT OF SURCHARGES.

    (a) Payment of Surcharges.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
law, no amount derived from the proceeds of any surcharge imposed on
the sale of coins issued under this Act shall be paid to the Foundation
unless--
            (1) all numismatic operation and program costs allocable to
        the program under which such coins are produced and sold have
        been recovered; and
            (2) the Foundation submits an audited financial statement
        which demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that,
        with respect to all projects or purposes for which the proceeds
        of such surcharge may be used, the Foundation has raised funds
        from private sources for such projects and purposes in an
        amount which is equal to or greater than the maximum amount the
        Foundation may receive from the proceeds of such surcharge.
    (b) Annual Audits.--
            (1) Annual audits of recipients required.--The Foundation
        shall provide, as a condition for receiving any amount derived
        from the proceeds of any surcharge imposed on the sale of coins
        issued under this Act, for an annual audit, in accordance with
        generally accepted government auditing standards by an
        independent public accountant selected by the Foundation, of
        all such payments to the Foundation beginning in the first
        fiscal year of the Foundation in which any such amount is
        received and continuing until all such amounts received by the
        Foundation with respect to such surcharges are fully expended
        or placed in trust.
            (2) Minimum requirements for annual audits.--At a minimum,
        each audit of the Foundation pursuant to paragraph (1) shall
        report--
                    (A) the amount of payments received by the
                Foundation during the fiscal year of the Foundation for
                which the audit is conducted which are derived from the
                proceeds of any surcharge imposed on the sale of coins
                issued under this Act;
                    (B) the amount expended by the Foundation from the
                proceeds of such surcharges during the fiscal year of
                the Foundation for which the audit is conducted; and
                    (C) whether all expenditures by the Foundation from
                the proceeds of such surcharges during the fiscal year
                of the Foundation for which the audit is conducted were
                for authorized purposes.
            (3) Responsibility of foundation to account for
        expenditures of surcharges.--The Foundation shall take
        appropriate steps, as a condition for receiving any payment of
        any amount derived from the proceeds of any surcharge imposed
        on the sale of coins issued under this Act, to ensure that the
        receipt of the payment and the expenditure of the proceeds of
        such surcharge by the Foundation in each fiscal year of the
        Foundation can be accounted for separately from all other
        revenues and expenditures of the Foundation.
            (4) Submission of audit report.--Not later than 90 days
        after the end of any fiscal year of the Foundation for which an
        audit is required under paragraph (1), the Foundation shall--
                    (A) submit a copy of the report to the Secretary;
                and
                    (B) make a copy of the report available to the
                public.
            (5) Use of surcharges for audits.--The Foundation may use
        any amount received from payments derived from the proceeds of
        any surcharge imposed on the sale of coins issued under this
        Act to pay the cost of an audit required under paragraph (1).
            (6) Waiver of subsection.--The Secretary may waive the
        application of any paragraph of this subsection to the
        Foundation for any fiscal year after taking into account the
        amount of surcharges which such Foundation received or expended
        during such year.
            (7) Availability of books and records.--The Foundation
        shall provide, as a condition for receiving any payment derived
        from the proceeds of any surcharge imposed on the sale of coins
        issued under this Act, to the Inspector General of the
        Department of the Treasury or the Comptroller General of the
        United States, upon the request of such Inspector General or
        the Comptroller General, all books, records, and workpapers
        belonging to or used by the Foundation, or by any independent
        public accountant who audited the Foundation in accordance with
        paragraph (1), which may relate to the receipt or expenditure
        of any such amount by the Foundation.
    (c) Use of Agents or Attorneys to Influence Commemorative Coin
Legislation.--No portion of any payment to the Foundation from amounts
derived from the proceeds of surcharges imposed on the sale of coins
issued under this Act may be used, directly or indirectly, by the
Foundation to compensate any agent or attorney for services rendered to
support or influence in any way legislative action of the Congress
relating to the coins minted and issued under this Act.

Summary: Jackie Robinson Commemorative Coin Act - Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to:  (1) mint and issue one-dollar silver coins emblematic of Jackie Robinson in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the breaking of the color barrier in major league baseball; and (2) distribute surcharge proceeds to the Jackie Robinson Foundation to enhance its education and youth leadership programs, and increase the availability of scholarships for economically disadvantaged youths.

Jackie Robinson Commemorative Coin Act


SECTION 1. NONRECOGNITION OF GAIN WHERE ROLLOVER TO SMALL BUSINESS
              INVESTMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Part III of subchapter O of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to common nontaxable exchanges)
is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 1045. ROLLOVER OF GAIN TO SMALL BUSINESS INVESTMENTS.

    ``(a) Nonrecognition of Gain.--In the case of the sale of any
capital asset with respect to which the taxpayer elects the application
of this section, gain from such sale shall be recognized only to the
extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds--
            ``(1) the cost of any eligible small business investment
        purchased by the taxpayer during the 12-month period beginning
        on the date of such sale, reduced by
            ``(2) any portion of such cost previously taken into
        account under this section.
    ``(b) Definitions and Special Rules.--For purposes of this
section--
            ``(1) Capital asset.--The term `capital asset' has the
        meaning given such term by section 1221 (determined without
        regard to paragraph (2) of such section), except that such term
        shall include gain derived from the bulk sale of inventory not
        in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
            ``(2) Investment property.--The term `investment property'
        means property that has the capacity to produce gross income
        from--
                    ``(A) interest, annuities, or royalties, not
                derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business,
                or
                    ``(B) dividends.
        Such term shall not include expansion shares.
            ``(3) Purchase.--The term `purchase' has the meaning given
        such term by section 1043(b)(4).
            ``(4) Eligible small business investment.--Except as
        otherwise provided in this section, the term `eligible small
        business investment' means any stock in a domestic corporation,
        and any partnership interest in a domestic partnership, if--
                    ``(A) as of the date of issuance of such stock or
                partnership interest, such corporation or partnership
                is a qualified small business entity, and
                    ``(B) such stock or partnership interest is
                acquired by the taxpayer at its original issue
                (directly or through an underwriter) in exchange for
                money or other property (not including stock).
        A rule similar to the rule of section 1202(c)(3) shall apply
        for purposes of this section.
            ``(5) Qualified small business entity.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `qualified small
                business entity' means any domestic corporation or
                partnership if--
                            ``(i) for the taxable year of such entity
                        in which the stock or partnership interest was
                        issued and each prior taxable year, such entity
                        (and any predecessor thereof) had gross
                        receipts of less than $5,000,000,
                            ``(ii) the primary activity of such entity
                        (and any predecessor thereof) for the taxable
                        year of such issuance and each prior taxable
                        year was an activity listed in the Standard
                        Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 (SIC),
                        as published by the Office of Management and
                        Budget, Executive Office of the President, as
                        being--
                                    ``(I) agriculture, forestry or
                                fishing (Division A),
                                    ``(II) mining (Division B),
                                    ``(III) construction (Division C),
                                    ``(IV) manufacturing (Division D),
                                    ``(V) transportation,
                                communications, electric, gas or
                                sanitary service (Division E),
                                    ``(VI) wholesale trade (Division
                                F),
                                    ``(VII) retail trade (Division (G),
                                    ``(VIII) personal services (Major
                                Group 72, Division I),
                                    ``(IX) business services (Major
                                Group 73, Division I),
                                    ``(X) automotive repair, services
                                or parking (Major Group 75, Division
                                I),
                                    ``(XI) miscellaneous repair
                                services (Major Group 76, Division I),
                                or
                                    ``(XII) engineering, accounting,
                                research, management or related
                                services (Major Group 87, Division I),
                            ``(iii) such entity generates income from
                        investment property only as an incidental
                        effect of the management of a working capital
                        pool aggregated and directed toward investing
                        in any qualified small business entity, and
                            ``(iv) the majority of full-time employees
                        employed by such entity and the largest
                        percentage, by dollar value, of independent
                        contractors under contract to such entity are
                        located in the United States.
                For purposes of clause (iii), ownership interests in
                entities controlled by such entity or directly involved
                in the primary activity referred to in clause (ii) with
                respect to such entity do not constitute investment
                property, and the Secretary may further define by
                regulation what constitutes an incidental holding of
                investment property.
                    ``(B) Aggregation rules.--All persons treated as a
                single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section
                52 shall be treated as one person for purposes of
                subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Special rules for determining gross
                receipts.--The rules of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of
                section 448(c)(3) shall apply for purposes of
                subparagraph (A)(i).
    ``(c) Inapplicability to Certain Gain.--Subsection (a) shall not
apply to any of the following types of gain:
            ``(1) Gain from the sale or other disposition of property
        received in lieu of salary, wages, or other compensation for
        services performed by the taxpayer, to the extent of the fair
        market value of the property at the time of receipt by the
        taxpayer.
            ``(2) Gain from the sale of property that is not held for
        the production of income.
            ``(3) Gain from investment property.
            ``(4) Gain that is treated or characterized as ordinary
        income for purposes of this title.
            ``(5) Gain, to the extent the gain is not recognized under
        section 1044 or 1202, notwithstanding that the gain is derived
        from the sale of expansion shares.
    ``(d) Certain Other Rules To Apply.--Rules similar to the rules of
subsections (f), (g), (h), and (j) of section 1202 (without regard to
any 5-year holding period requirement) shall apply for purposes of this
section.
    ``(e) Prohibition of Basis Adjustments.--If gain from any sale is
not recognized by reason of subsection (a), such gain shall not be
applied to reduce the basis for determining gain or loss of any
eligible small business investment which is purchased by the taxpayer
during the 12-month period described in subsection (a).
    ``(f) Statute of Limitations.--If any gain is realized by the
taxpayer on the sale or exchange of any eligible small business
investment and there is in effect an election under subsection (a) with
respect to such gain, then--
            ``(1) the statutory period for the assessment of any
        deficiency with respect to such gain shall not expire before
        the expiration of 3 years from the date the Secretary is
        notified by the taxpayer (in such manner as the Secretary may
        by regulations prescribe) of--
                    ``(A) the taxpayer's cost of purchasing the
                eligible small business investment which the taxpayer
                claims results in nonrecognition of any part of such
                gain,
                    ``(B) the taxpayer's intention not to purchase any
                eligible small business investment within the 12-month
                period described in subsection (a), or
                    ``(C) a failure to make such purchase within such
                12-month period, and
            ``(2) such deficiency may be assessed before the expiration
        of such 3-year period notwithstanding the provisions of any
        other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such
        assessment.
    ``(g) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations
as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section,
including regulations to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this
section through splitups, shell corporations, partnerships, or
otherwise.
    ``(h) Termination.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any taxable
year beginning on or after January 1, 2004.''
    (b) Report by Secretary.--Not later than December 31, 2001, the
Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to each House of the Congress a
report detailing the effects of section 1045 of such Code, as added by
this Act.
    (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of
subchapter O of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end
the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 1045. Rollover of gain to small
                                        business investments.''
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to investments purchased after the date of the date of the
enactment of this Act, for taxable years ending after such date.

Summary: Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide (temporarily) for the nontaxable rollover of gain from qualified small business stock to another small business stock.

To amend the Internal Revenue Code to provide that capital gains not be recognized if invested in certain small businesses.