# Pygame Template
# Use this to start a new Pygame project
# KidsCanCode 2015
import pygame
import random

# define some colors (R, G, B)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
FUCHSIA = (255, 0, 255)
GRAY = (128, 128, 128)
LIME = (0, 128, 0)
MAROON = (128, 0, 0)
NAVYBLUE = (0, 0, 128)
OLIVE = (128, 128, 0)
PURPLE = (128, 0, 128)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
SILVER = (192, 192, 192)
TEAL = (0, 128, 128)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
ORANGE = (255, 128, 0)
CYAN = (0, 255, 255)

# basic constants to set up your game
WIDTH = 360
HEIGHT = 480
FPS = 30
BGCOLOR = BLACK

# initialize pygame
pygame.init()
# initialize sound - uncomment if you're using sound
# pygame.mixer.init()
# create the game window and set the title
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("My Game")
# start the clock
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# set the 'running' variable to False to end the game
running = True
# start the game loop
while running:
    # keep the loop running at the right speed
    clock.tick(FPS)
    # Game loop part 1: Events #####
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        # this one checks for the window being closed
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
        # add any other events here (keys, mouse, etc.)

    # Game loop part 2: Updates #####

    # Game loop part 3: Draw #####
    screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
    # after drawing, flip the display
    pygame.display.flip()

# close the window
pygame.quit()


import argparse
import collections
import re
import subprocess

NOTES_REF = 'refs/notes/votes'

Vote = collections.namedtuple('Vote', ['commit', 'user'])

def vote(args):
	assert args.user, 'TODO: determine user automatically'
	vote = 'vote:%s' % args.user
	subprocess.check_call([
		'git', 'notes', '--ref', NOTES_REF, 'append', '--allow-empty', '-m', vote, args.COMMIT],
		cwd=args.repo_dir)
	# TODO: prevent voting twice as same user

def get_all_votes(repo_dir):
	output_bytes = subprocess.check_output([
		'git', 'notes', '--ref', NOTES_REF, 'list'],
		cwd=repo_dir)
	output = output_bytes.decode('utf-8')
	for line in output.splitlines():
		if not line:
			continue
		votenote_ref, commit_id = line.split()
		# TODO use dulwich or something more efficient here
		votenote_bytes = subprocess.check_output(
			['git', 'show', votenote_ref],
			cwd=repo_dir)

		votenote_content = votenote_bytes.decode('utf-8') # TODO ignore invalid votes
		for voteline in votenote_content.splitlines():
			if not voteline:
				continue
			m = re.match(r'^vote:(?P<user>[a-z0-9@._]+)$', voteline.strip()) # TODO check re for user spec
			if not m:
				print('Skipping crap %r' % voteline)
				continue
			user = m.group('user')

			yield Vote(commit=commit_id, user=user)

def print_list(args):
	all_votes = get_all_votes(args.repo_dir)
	all_votes_sorted = sorted(all_votes, key=lambda v: (v.commit, v.user))
	for v in all_votes_sorted:
		print('%s: +1 from %s' % (v.commit, v.user))

def tally(all_votes):
	""" Returns a dict commit id => set of users """
	res = collections.defaultdict(set)
	for v in all_votes:
		res[v.commit].add(v.user)
	return res

def print_tally(args):
	all_votes = get_all_votes(args.repo_dir)
	for commit, votes in sorted(tally(all_votes).items(), key=lambda kv: (kv[1], kv[0])):
		print('%s: %d votes' % (commit, len(votes)))

def print_elect(args):
	all_votes = get_all_votes(args.repo_dir)
	winner_vcount, winner_commit = max((len(votes), commit) for commit, votes in tally(all_votes).items())
	# TODO more algorithms
	print('%s won the election with %d votes' % (winner_commit, winner_vcount))

def main():
	parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('Vote on git commands')
	parser.add_argument('-r', '--repo-dir', metavar='DIR', help='root directory of the repository to modify')
	subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='cmd')
	vote_parser = subparsers.add_parser('vote', help='Vote for commit')
	vote_parser.add_argument('--user', metavar='USER_ID', help='ID of the user to vote as')
	vote_parser.add_argument('COMMIT', help='reference to the commit to vote for')
	subparsers.add_parser('list', help='List all votes')
	subparsers.add_parser('tally', help='Tally all votes')
	subparsers.add_parser('elect', help='Elect a commit')

	args = parser.parse_args()
	if args.cmd == 'vote':
		vote(args)
	elif args.cmd == 'list':
		print_list(args)
	elif args.cmd == 'tally':
		print_tally(args)
	elif args.cmd == 'elect':
		print_elect(args)
	else:
		parser.print_help()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()


# Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Cedric Bellegarde <cedric.bellegarde@adishatz.org>
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

from gi.repository import GObject, GLib

from threading import Thread
from time import time

from lollypop.sqlcursor import SqlCursor
from lollypop.tagreader import TagReader
from lollypop.web_youtube import WebYouTube
from lollypop.web_jgm90 import WebJmg90
from lollypop.define import Lp, DbPersistent, Type
from lollypop.lio import Lio

class Web(GObject.Object):
    """
        Web helper
    """

    __gsignals__ = {
        'saved': (GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_FIRST, None, (int,)),
        'progress': (GObject.SignalFlags.RUN_FIRST, None, (float,))
    }

    def play_track(track, play, callback):
        """
            Play track
            @param track as Track
            @param play as bool
            @param callback as func(uri: str, track: Track, play: bool)
        """
        if track.is_jgm:
            uri = WebJmg90.get_uri_content(track.uri)
        elif track.is_youtube:
            uri = WebYouTube.get_uri_content(track.uri)
        else:
            return
        GLib.idle_add(callback, uri, track, play)

    def __init__(self):
        """
            Init helper
        """
        GObject.Object.__init__(self)
        self.__helpers = [WebJmg90(), WebYouTube()]

    def save_track(self, item, persistent):
        """
            Save item into collection as track
            @param item as SearchItem
            @param persistent as DbPersistent
        """
        t = Thread(target=self.__save_track_thread, args=(item, persistent))
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()

    def save_album(self, item, persistent):
        """
            Save item into collection as album
            @param item as SearchItem
            @param persistent as DbPersistent
        """
        t = Thread(target=self.__save_album_thread,
                   args=(item, persistent))
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()

#######################
# PRIVATE             #
#######################
    def __save_album_thread(self, item, persistent):
        """
            Save item into collection as album
            @param item as SearchItem
            @param persistent as DbPersistent
        """
        nb_items = len(item.subitems)
        # Should not happen but happen :-/
        if nb_items == 0:
            return
        start = 0
        album_artist = item.subitems[0].artists[0]
        album_id = None
        for track_item in item.subitems:
            (album_id, track_id) = self.__save_track(track_item, persistent,
                                                     album_artist)
            if track_id is None:
                continue
            # Download cover
            if start == 0:
                t = Thread(target=self.__save_cover, args=(item, album_id))
                t.daemon = True
                t.start()
            start += 1
            GLib.idle_add(self.emit, "progress", start / nb_items)
        GLib.idle_add(self.emit, "progress", 1)
        if Lp().settings.get_value('artist-artwork'):
            Lp().art.cache_artists_info()
        if album_id is not None:
            GLib.idle_add(self.emit, "saved", album_id)

    def __save_track_thread(self, item, persistent):
        """
            Save item into collection as track
            @param item as SearchItem
            @param persistent as DbPersistent
        """
        album_artist = item.artists[0]
        (album_id, track_id) = self.__save_track(item, persistent,
                                                 album_artist)
        if track_id is None:
            return
        self.__save_cover(item, album_id)
        if Lp().settings.get_value('artist-artwork'):
            Lp().art.cache_artists_info()
        GLib.idle_add(self.emit, "saved", track_id)

    def __save_track(self, item, persistent, album_artist):
        """
            Save item into collection as track
            @param item as SearchItem
            @param persistent as DbPersistent
            @param album artist as str
            @return (album id as int, track id as int)
        """
        # Get uri from helpers
        for helper in self.__helpers:
            uri = helper.get_uri(item)
            if uri:
                break
        # Don't found anything
        if not uri:
            return (None, None)
        track_id = Lp().tracks.get_id_by_uri(uri)
        # Check if track needs to be updated
        if track_id is not None:
            if Lp().tracks.get_persistent(track_id) == DbPersistent.NONE\
                    and persistent == DbPersistent.EXTERNAL:
                Lp().tracks.set_persistent(track_id, DbPersistent.EXTERNAL)
                return (None, None)
        t = TagReader()
        with SqlCursor(Lp().db) as sql:
            # Happen often with Itunes/Spotify
            if album_artist not in item.artists:
                item.artists.append(album_artist)
            artists = "; ".join(item.artists)
            artist_ids = t.add_artists(artists, album_artist, "")
            album_artist_ids = t.add_album_artists(album_artist, "")
            (album_id, new_album) = t.add_album(item.album,
                                                album_artist_ids, "",
                                                False, 0, 0, int(time()), True)
            # FIXME: Check this, could move this in add_album()
            if new_album:
                Lp().albums.set_synced(album_id, Type.NONE)

            if persistent == DbPersistent.CHARTS:
                genre_ids = [Type.CHARTS]
                new_artist_ids = []
            else:
                new_artist_ids = list(set(artist_ids) | set(album_artist_ids))
                genre_ids = t.add_genres("Web", album_id)

            # Add track to db
            track_id = Lp().tracks.add(item.name, uri, item.duration,
                                       0, item.discnumber, "", album_id,
                                       item.year, 0, 0, 0, persistent)
            t.update_track(track_id, artist_ids, genre_ids)
            t.update_album(album_id, album_artist_ids, genre_ids, None)
            sql.commit()

        for genre_id in genre_ids:
            GLib.idle_add(Lp().scanner.emit, 'genre-updated', genre_id, True)
        for artist_id in new_artist_ids:
            GLib.idle_add(Lp().scanner.emit, 'artist-updated', artist_id, True)
        return (album_id, track_id)

    def __save_cover(self, item, album_id):
        """
            Save cover to store
            @param item as SearchItem
            @param album id as int
        """
        f = Lio.File.new_for_uri(item.cover)
        (status, data, tag) = f.load_contents(None)
        if status:
            Lp().art.save_album_artwork(data, album_id)


hypothesis: Al Rashi is an executive of the police. premise: Sunday's explosion outside the Al-Rashi police station in the Al-Mashtel neighbourhood in the southeast of Baghdad, left a huge crater in the street.


hypothesis: Everglades National Park is located in Florida. premise: Many hopes are riding on the sale of Talisman's holdings in Palm Beach and Hendry counties, which Vice President Al Gore announced with much fanfare last year at the 50th anniversary of Everglades National Park.


hypothesis: The introduction of the euro has been opposed. premise: The most recent poll carried out by NOP market research in January revealed that 61% of Britons are opposed to joining the euro.


hypothesis: The Istiqlal Mosque is one of the largest mosques in Southeast Asia. premise: The Istiqlal Mosque, in the northeast corner of Medan Merdeka opposite Lapangan Banteng, is one of the largest mosques in Southeast Asia.


hypothesis: Nike said orders for footwear and apparel for delivery totaled $4.9 billion, including a 12 percent increase in U.S. orders. premise: Nike Inc. said, Monday, that its first-quarter profit grew 32 percent, as the world's largest sneaker and athletic apparel company posted broad gains in sales and orders.


hypothesis: Italian director is awarded an honorary Oscar. premise: Oscar-winning director Franco Zeffirelli has been awarded an honorary knighthood for his "valuable services to British performing arts".


hypothesis: The literacy rate in Cuba is 90%. premise: By 1979, the literacy rate in Cuba was higher than 90%, comparable to the rates in the United States and other developed countries.


hypothesis: The government of Ecuador aims to prevent trafficking in persons. premise: Exercising the powers referred to in article 15, paragraph 3, of the protocol to suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, the government of Ecuador makes a reservation with regard to article 15, paragraph 2, relating to the settlement of disputes.


hypothesis: The abbreviation GIA stands for Armed Islamic Group. premise: Government forces killed the head of the Armed Islamic Group, or GIA, which has claimed responsibility for killing 61 foreigners in the last year.


hypothesis: Tom Online earned US$42.78 mn in three months. premise: Tom Online revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2005 were US$42.78 mn, an increase of 38.5% over the same period in 2004.


Maricopa County weather forecast for this week


When will my next alarm start


text Matthew and Helen that are you free


what  ingredients do is have left


Cancel my reminder about my dentist appointment


I would like a news update.


Read Health newreport please


Yes, to bring to light the brutality of the police that they championed, the chaos in Canada that many will have to deal with. Covid is no different.


Can make it clear that even a full-fledged person can become infected and spread the virus, why then encourage them to get vaccinated? Why don't they reveal seropositivity in the media? Please spread love. Don't fear.


If you suspect a side effect after a Covid-19 vaccine or booster, make sure you report it via the relevant information and monitor the safe use of all. Sign up today:


The development of some Covid - 19 in are good and could be made available to the public later this year and next year, the Covid - 19 Situation Administration () was informed.


I think you had no money to give your people a vaccine?? What about the prices of oil, gas, water, electricity and so on?? Shameless government


One million COVID - 19 vaccines have now been administered in the county, a new milestone in the 14-month campaign to...


Leaguer Yes, flu, who is sick. But covid infection for these effects all in the body, which is fine for most of us right now, but the infection rate is still high, so wearing a mask for a few more is not a test


It's booster day on campus, go to the building and grab your Covid Jab. The booster bus is there until 4 p.m. today - all you need is ID and proof of your previous vaccine.


I am opposed to the COVID vaccine, but generally after vaccination diagnosis following the global pandemic, which is the probable reason.


Because Canada is full of goodness, it took a while to sweep it away. It's about getting a Covid vaccine - how stupid is that? There were several billion - if it were dangerous, we would know.


Good shoe for office work. They will scuff very easy so be aware.


I have had the Patricia II wedge in black for about 1 year & wore them regularly in season.  When I saw the Patricia at a good price in navy (from 6pm), I purchased them because I thought they would fit just like my Patricia IIs.  I was wrong, and paid the price with return shipping that 6pm doesn't pay.

The crocs website says that crocs aren't suppose to fit like other sandals - they are suppose to be looser & thus more comfortable - I normally wear an 8-1/2, so have now tried both an 8 & a 9 in the Patricia shoe (I have an 8 in the Patricia II).  The Patricia 9 swims on my feet & they would be a hazard to walk around in.  The size 8 fits my left foot (which is my wider foot) but is too narrow on my right foot.  When I placed the shoes sole to sole, I did notice a slight difference in the width, which, apparently, my foot notices too.  I can only conclude a manufacturing defect.  But, it is this shoe specifically or the form for this shoe? (others have written the shoe is narrow).

Consequently, if you have a wider foot, order the Patricia II instead of this one & if you are a 1/2 size, order down, not up.


Width not right and size too small if width had been just little wider and ordered size larger would have been good. Loved the shoe look


I received these shoes and they weren't the same as the picture described them, they were a different color. When i tried to return them, the shipping wasn't paid for. So i had to pay $20 for shipping. A waste of time and money. I dont recommend anyone to buy from TheSmartBuy.


They began to split alone the mesh material after a month but loved the shoe and the feel of it


Excellent shoes ,  very confortable and litgthweight !


Usually love Ethnies product. In this case the raised arch area of one shoe is too far back and raised to the point of discomfort.
The other shoe fits fine.?? Had to wear em before I figured it out so im stuck with em.
Also, they do run a bit narrow(or at least one shoe did) ;)


Could not get my foot into the shoe.  Was disappointed and returned them.


Everything about the boot is great.


Nice looking shoe, okay for short-term wear.  Much narrower than other size 11's  that I have - tight fit!


Confidence in the pound is widely expected to take another sharp dive if trade figures for September , due for release tomorrow , fail to show a substantial improvement from July and August 's near-record deficits .

NN IN DT NN VBZ RB VBN TO VB DT JJ NN IN NN NNS IN NNP , JJ IN NN NN , VB TO VB DT JJ NN IN NNP CC NNP POS JJ NNS .


Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson 's restated commitment to a firm monetary policy has helped to prevent a freefall in sterling over the past week .

NNP IN DT NNP NNP NNP POS VBN NN TO DT NN JJ NN VBZ VBN TO VB DT NN IN NN IN DT JJ NN .


But analysts reckon underlying support for sterling has been eroded by the chancellor 's failure to announce any new policy measures in his Mansion House speech last Thursday .

CC NNS VBP VBG NN IN NN VBZ VBN VBN IN DT NN POS NN TO VB DT JJ NN NNS IN PRP$ NNP NNP NN JJ NNP .


This has increased the risk of the government being forced to increase base rates to 16 % from their current 15 % level to defend the pound , economists and foreign exchange market analysts say .

DT VBZ VBN DT NN IN DT NN VBG VBN TO VB NN NNS TO CD NN IN PRP$ JJ CD NN NN TO VB DT NN , NNS CC JJ NN NN NNS VBP .


`` The risks for sterling of a bad trade figure are very heavily on the down side , '' said Chris Dillow , senior U.K. economist at Nomura Research Institute .

`` DT NNS IN NN IN DT JJ NN NN VBP RB RB IN DT JJ NN , '' VBD NNP NNP , JJ NNP NN IN NNP NNP NNP .


`` If there is another bad trade number , there could be an awful lot of pressure , '' noted Simon Briscoe , U.K. economist for Midland Montagu , a unit of Midland Bank PLC .

`` IN EX VBZ DT JJ NN NN , EX MD VB DT JJ NN IN NN , '' VBD NNP NNP , NNP NN IN NNP NNP , DT NN IN NNP NNP NNP .


Forecasts for the trade figures range widely , but few economists expect the data to show a very marked improvement from the # 2 billion -LRB- $ 3.2 billion -RRB- deficit in the current account reported for August .

NNS IN DT NN NNS VBP RB , CC JJ NNS VBP DT NNS TO VB DT RB VBN NN IN DT # CD CD ( $ CD CD ) NN IN DT JJ NN VBD IN NNP .


The August deficit and the # 2.2 billion gap registered in July are topped only by the # 2.3 billion deficit of October 1988 .

DT NNP NN CC DT # CD CD NN VBN IN NNP VBP VBN RB IN DT # CD CD NN IN NNP CD .


Sanjay Joshi , European economist at Baring Brothers & Co. , said there is no sign that Britain 's manufacturing industry is transforming itself to boost exports .

NNP NNP , JJ NN IN NNP NNPS CC NNP , VBD EX VBZ DT NN IN NNP POS NN NN VBZ VBG PRP TO VB NNS .


At the same time , he remains fairly pessimistic about the outlook for imports , given continued high consumer and capital goods inflows .

IN DT JJ NN , PRP VBZ RB JJ IN DT NN IN NNS , VBN VBD JJ NN CC NN NNS NNS .


what is the most recommended food around here


many of our disney movies do n 't play on this dvd player .


player has a problem with dual-layer dvd 's such as alias season 1 and season 2 .


i know the saying is `` you get what you pay for `` but at this stage of game dvd players must have better quality than this - there is no excuse .


will never purchase apex again .


customer service and technical support are overloaded and non responsive - tells you about the quality of their products and their willingness to stand behind them .


then my dvds would stop playing in the middle , or not even be read at all .


new cds almost always began skipping after a few plays .


i thought it was just the player , but then i started checking the discs to find that the apex 2600 is actually ruining my media .


this player is not worth any price and i recommend that you do n 't purchase it .


apex does n 't answer the phone .


My town is a medium - sized city with eighty thousand inhabitants .

My town is a medium size city with eighty thousand inhabitants .


It has a high - density population because of its small territory .

It has a high density population because its small territory .


Although it is an industrial city , there are many shops and department stores .

Despite of it is an industrial city , there are many shops and department stores .


I recommend visiting the artificial lake in the center of the city which is surrounded by a park .

I recommend visiting the artificial lake in the certer of the city which is surrounded by a park .


Pasteries are very common and most of them offer the special dessert of the city .

Pasteries are very common and most of them offer the special dessert from the city .


There is a commercial zone along the widest street of the city where you can find all kinds of businesses : banks , bars , chemists , cinemas , pet shops , restaurants , fast food restaurants , grocers , travel agencies , supermarkets and others .

There are a comercial zone along the widest street of the city where you can find all kind of establishments : banks , bars , chemists , cinemas , pet shops , restaurants , fast food restaurants , groceries , travel agencies , supermarkets and others .


Most of the shops have sales and offers in at least three months of the year : January , June and August .

Most of the shops have sales and offers at least three months of the year : January , June and August .


The quality of the products and services is quite good , because there is huge competition . However , I recommend you be careful of fakes or cheats .

The quality of the products and services are quite good , because there are a huge competition , however I suggest you taking care about some fakes or cheats .

VERB:SVA, VERB:SVA, DET, OTHER, VERB, VERB, MORPH, PREP, DET


Everyone has his own plans .


Some people want to be a doctor , others want to be a teacher .

People want to be a doctor , other want to be a teacher .


The truth is that you pay for your lifestyle in hours.


Israeli soldiers Sunday violently suppressed a peaceful anti-wall protest in the town of Beit Jala near Bethlehem, according to local sources


A day after police arrested hundreds of protesters demonstrating against Belarus' authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko , the opposition coordination council said three of its members have been abducted. The Belarusian Coordination Council said in a statement that Maria Kolesnikova, a member of its executive council


Ethiopian police said the pistols were discovered during a search on a public transport vehicle along the Desie-Mekane-Selam road in Amhara Regional State.


The Iraqi government forces and Kurdistan's Peshmerga forces have agreed to a temporary ceasefire in a town located northwest of the northern city of Mosul, following nearly two weeks of fighting, a security official told EFE on Friday


There's a message for you if you look up.


I had a friend in high school named Rick Shaw, but he was fairly useless as a mode of transport.


Further details have emerged about fighting between al-Shabab fighters and government soldiers that occurred on the outskirts of Mogadishu today. The clash came after suspected al-Shabab fighters attacked a military post in Sinka Dher village [in southern Somalia]


Al-Shabab members charged a camp outside Afgoye, hosting government forces on the night of 22 April, reportedly inflicting unspecified casualties on the government groups.


Early on Sunday, police arrested a famous actor wanted for supporting opposition to the coup, his wife said, while Facebook deleted the military's main page under its standards prohibiting the incitement of violence


Chapter  12

Summary: Mrs. Dashwood and her daughters are busy attending parties and balls. Marianne is in her element. She is overjoyed in the company of Willoughby, who showers much affection and attention on her. Elinor even feels left out at times. Deprived of friends of her own age, she is often thrown in the company of Mrs. Jennings and Lady Middleton. At such times she welcomes the presence of Colonel Brandon. Brandon often talks of Marianne and asks Elinor about her sister's preferences.

Notes Jane Austen paints the picture of an eighteenth-century upper middle-class society. The Dashwoods and Middletons are shown to be busy attending parties and balls. Their main occupation is socializing, and they take pleasure in entertaining people. Every young girl waits for a respectable young man to woo her, and her parents hope for a match between them. They lead a leisurely life, perhaps unusual to the modern reader. Marianne is exhilarated by the looks and manners of her lover. She does not care to understand his essential nature. Obsessed with Willoughby, she ignores Colonel Brandon and unconsciously hurts him. Blinded by her infatuation for Willoughby, she is not able to realize the worth of the Colonel or detect the intensity of his feelings. This chapter again emphasizes the difference in attitudes between Willoughby and Colonel Brandon. Both men are attracted to Marianne. Willoughby displays his affection by wooing Marianne, like a dashing hero would, while Colonel Brandon admires his lady love from a distance and silently hopes to win her favor. Willoughby is interested only in flirting with Marianne, but the Colonel, like a sincere person, looks forward to a lasting relationship. CHAPTER 12 Summary Marianne gets carried away by Willoughby's showy gestures. When he offers her a horse, she accepts it readily and talks about it to her sister. Elinor is shocked to learn this and asks Marianne to decline the offer, as it would prove too costly for them. Elinor observes Willoughby's behavior towards her sister and detects a note of intimacy in it. Margaret tells Elinor about her suspicion of an engagement between Marianne and Willoughby. Later, at Mrs. Jennings' insistence, Margaret gives a hint about Elinor's attachment to Edward, much to Elinor's embarrassment. Notes The chapter hints at the extent of the involvement of Marianne with Willoughby. Willoughby tries to impress Marianne by offering her a horse as a gift, and Marianne foolishly accepts the offer without giving a thought to the expenditure involved. Willoughby's superficiality and Marianne's gullibility are exposed in this episode. Chapter 12 also reveals the character of the youngest of the Dashwood girls. Margaret, one of the minor characters in the novel, is otherwise ignored by Austen. Only a few chapters give a glimpse into her personality. Margaret, like a typical teenager, gets excited over little things and jumps to conclusions easily. She derives pleasure from revealing secrets. She informs Elinor about the impending marriage between Marianne and Willoughby because she saw the young man taking a lock of hair from her sister . At the Park, she gives hints about the relationship between Elinor and Edward to Mrs. Jennings, much to the embarrassment of her sister. Like a reckless teenager, she is always in a hurry to impart information not meant to be disclosed publicly. CHAPTER 13 Summary Everyone is eagerly looking forward to their picnic at Whitewell. However, on the morning of the outing, a letter arrives for Colonel Brandon and alters the situation. The letter disturbs Brandon, and he informs the others about his decision to leave immediately for the town. The picnic is canceled, much to the disappointment of all, since it is not possible to proceed to Whitewell without the assistance of the Colonel. Sir John Middleton suggests that they should go for a ride in the carriage around the countryside. Marianne and Willoughby take a separate carriage. They visit Allenham on the sly. When Elinor learns about their visit, she is angry with Marianne for not observing the rules of propriety. Marianne justifies her action. Notes An element of suspense is introduced in this chapter. After the Colonel reads the letter, he turns grave and decides to leave for the town immediately. He evades the questions of Mrs. Jennings and declines to postpone his visit. After he leaves, Mrs. Jennings hints at the possibility of his visiting his illegitimate daughter, Miss Williams. Through this bit of information, Austen arouses the curiosity of the reader regarding the mysterious past of Colonel Brandon. Marianne and Willoughby are insensitive to the feelings of the Colonel and fail to sympathize with his plight. They criticize Brandon for spoiling the afternoon. Colonel Brandon comes across as a man in control of his emotions. Even though he is disturbed by the contents of the letter, he does not reveal his misery to others. Like a gentleman, he excuses himself from the party and bows to Marianne before taking his leave. His silence speaks volumes. The chapter relates one more incident which creates a clash between the good sense of Elinor and the sensibility of Marianne. Marianne makes a secret visit to Allenham with Willoughby but does not feel guilty about what she has done. Elinor's sense of decorum causes her to condemn her sister's actions, as she does not approve of Marianne's visiting a stranger's house with a man to whom she is not even engaged, at least not openly.

As Elinor and Marianne were walking together the next morning the
latter communicated a piece of news to her sister, which in spite of
all that she knew before of Marianne's imprudence and want of thought,
surprised her by its extravagant testimony of both.  Marianne told her,
with the greatest delight, that Willoughby had given her a horse, one
that he had bred himself on his estate in Somersetshire, and which was
exactly calculated to carry a woman.  Without considering that it was
not in her mother's plan to keep any horse, that if she were to alter
her resolution in favour of this gift, she must buy another for the
servant, and keep a servant to ride it, and after all, build a stable
to receive them, she had accepted the present without hesitation, and
told her sister of it in raptures.

"He intends to send his groom into Somersetshire immediately for it,"
she added, "and when it arrives we will ride every day.  You shall
share its use with me.  Imagine to yourself, my dear Elinor, the
delight of a gallop on some of these downs."

Most unwilling was she to awaken from such a dream of felicity to
comprehend all the unhappy truths which attended the affair; and for
some time she refused to submit to them.  As to an additional servant,
the expense would be a trifle; Mama she was sure would never object to
it; and any horse would do for HIM; he might always get one at the
park; as to a stable, the merest shed would be sufficient.  Elinor then
ventured to doubt the propriety of her receiving such a present from a
man so little, or at least so lately known to her.  This was too much.

"You are mistaken, Elinor," said she warmly, "in supposing I know very
little of Willoughby.  I have not known him long indeed, but I am much
better acquainted with him, than I am with any other creature in the
world, except yourself and mama.  It is not time or opportunity that is
to determine intimacy;--it is disposition alone.  Seven years would be
insufficient to make some people acquainted with each other, and seven
days are more than enough for others.  I should hold myself guilty of
greater impropriety in accepting a horse from my brother, than from
Willoughby.  Of John I know very little, though we have lived together
for years; but of Willoughby my judgment has long been formed."

Elinor thought it wisest to touch that point no more.  She knew her
sister's temper.  Opposition on so tender a subject would only attach
her the more to her own opinion.  But by an appeal to her affection for
her mother, by representing the inconveniences which that indulgent
mother must draw on herself, if (as would probably be the case) she
consented to this increase of establishment, Marianne was shortly
subdued; and she promised not to tempt her mother to such imprudent
kindness by mentioning the offer, and to tell Willoughby when she saw
him next, that it must be declined.

She was faithful to her word; and when Willoughby called at the
cottage, the same day, Elinor heard her express her disappointment to
him in a low voice, on being obliged to forego the acceptance of his
present.  The reasons for this alteration were at the same time
related, and they were such as to make further entreaty on his side
impossible.  His concern however was very apparent; and after
expressing it with earnestness, he added, in the same low voice,--"But,
Marianne, the horse is still yours, though you cannot use it now.  I
shall keep it only till you can claim it.  When you leave Barton to
form your own establishment in a more lasting home, Queen Mab shall
receive you."

This was all overheard by Miss Dashwood; and in the whole of the
sentence, in his manner of pronouncing it, and in his addressing her
sister by her Christian name alone, she instantly saw an intimacy so
decided, a meaning so direct, as marked a perfect agreement between
them.  From that moment she doubted not of their being engaged to each
other; and the belief of it created no other surprise than that she, or
any of their friends, should be left by tempers so frank, to discover
it by accident.

Margaret related something to her the next day, which placed this
matter in a still clearer light.  Willoughby had spent the preceding
evening with them, and Margaret, by being left some time in the parlour
with only him and Marianne, had had opportunity for observations,
which, with a most important face, she communicated to her eldest
sister, when they were next by themselves.

"Oh, Elinor!" she cried, "I have such a secret to tell you about
Marianne.  I am sure she will be married to Mr. Willoughby very soon."

"You have said so," replied Elinor, "almost every day since they first
met on High-church Down; and they had not known each other a week, I
believe, before you were certain that Marianne wore his picture round
her neck; but it turned out to be only the miniature of our great
uncle."

"But indeed this is quite another thing.  I am sure they will be
married very soon, for he has got a lock of her hair."

"Take care, Margaret.  It may be only the hair of some great uncle of
HIS."

"But, indeed, Elinor, it is Marianne's. I am almost sure it is, for I
saw him cut it off.  Last night after tea, when you and mama went out
of the room, they were whispering and talking together as fast as could
be, and he seemed to be begging something of her, and presently he took
up her scissors and cut off a long lock of her hair, for it was all
tumbled down her back; and he kissed it, and folded it up in a piece of
white paper; and put it into his pocket-book."

For such particulars, stated on such authority, Elinor could not
withhold her credit; nor was she disposed to it, for the circumstance
was in perfect unison with what she had heard and seen herself.

Margaret's sagacity was not always displayed in a way so satisfactory
to her sister.  When Mrs. Jennings attacked her one evening at the
park, to give the name of the young man who was Elinor's particular
favourite, which had been long a matter of great curiosity to her,
Margaret answered by looking at her sister, and saying, "I must not
tell, may I, Elinor?"

This of course made every body laugh; and Elinor tried to laugh too.
But the effort was painful.  She was convinced that Margaret had fixed
on a person whose name she could not bear with composure to become a
standing joke with Mrs. Jennings.

Marianne felt for her most sincerely; but she did more harm than good
to the cause, by turning very red and saying in an angry manner to
Margaret,

"Remember that whatever your conjectures may be, you have no right to
repeat them."

"I never had any conjectures about it," replied Margaret; "it was you
who told me of it yourself."

This increased the mirth of the company, and Margaret was eagerly
pressed to say something more.

"Oh! pray, Miss Margaret, let us know all about it," said Mrs.
Jennings.  "What is the gentleman's name?"

"I must not tell, ma'am. But I know very well what it is; and I know
where he is too."

"Yes, yes, we can guess where he is; at his own house at Norland to be
sure.  He is the curate of the parish I dare say."

"No, THAT he is not.  He is of no profession at all."

"Margaret," said Marianne with great warmth, "you know that all this is
an invention of your own, and that there is no such person in
existence."

"Well, then, he is lately dead, Marianne, for I am sure there was such
a man once, and his name begins with an F."

Most grateful did Elinor feel to Lady Middleton for observing, at this
moment, "that it rained very hard," though she believed the
interruption to proceed less from any attention to her, than from her
ladyship's great dislike of all such inelegant subjects of raillery as
delighted her husband and mother.  The idea however started by her, was
immediately pursued by Colonel Brandon, who was on every occasion
mindful of the feelings of others; and much was said on the subject of
rain by both of them.  Willoughby opened the piano-forte, and asked
Marianne to sit down to it; and thus amidst the various endeavours of
different people to quit the topic, it fell to the ground.  But not so
easily did Elinor recover from the alarm into which it had thrown her.

A party was formed this evening for going on the following day to see a
very fine place about twelve miles from Barton, belonging to a
brother-in-law of Colonel Brandon, without whose interest it could not
be seen, as the proprietor, who was then abroad, had left strict orders
on that head.  The grounds were declared to be highly beautiful, and
Sir John, who was particularly warm in their praise, might be allowed
to be a tolerable judge, for he had formed parties to visit them, at
least, twice every summer for the last ten years.  They contained a
noble piece of water; a sail on which was to a form a great part of the
morning's amusement; cold provisions were to be taken, open carriages
only to be employed, and every thing conducted in the usual style of a
complete party of pleasure.

To some few of the company it appeared rather a bold undertaking,
considering the time of year, and that it had rained every day for the
last fortnight;--and Mrs. Dashwood, who had already a cold, was
persuaded by Elinor to stay at home.


finished_summaries/gradesaver/Tess of the D'Urbervilles/section_2_part_5.txt

Chapter 20

Summary: Tess had never in her recent life been so happy and would possibly never be so happy again. She and Tess stand between predilection and love. For Angel, Tess represents a visionary essence of woman, and calls her Artemis, Demeter, and other fanciful names, but she insists that he call her simply Tess. Tess seems to exhibit a dignified largeness of disposition and physique. The two are always the first to awake at the dairy house, where they feel an impressive isolation, as if they are Adam and Eve.

Hardy makes explicit that Tess's time at Talbothays dairy is an idyllic respite from her normal toil and hardship, yet states that this happiness will be short-lived, foreshadowing greater adversity for Tess Durbeyfield. Hardy compares Angel and Tess to Adam and Eve in the mornings, thus foreshadowing a later fall from perfection. It is the idealism and perfection that Tess finds at Talbothays that leads to this shaky foundation for her happiness; Angel Clare adores Tess as a representation of perfection. To Angel, Tess is a goddess such as Artemis or Demeter, a symbol of perfection rather than a person with obvious faults and foibles. There is a great irony in Angel's adoration for Tess; Angel exalts Tess as a goddess for her strength and disposition, yet this perfection comes from the adversity stemming from her greatest weakness

The season developed and matured.  Another year's instalment of
flowers, leaves, nightingales, thrushes, finches, and such ephemeral
creatures, took up their positions where only a year ago others had
stood in their place when these were nothing more than germs and
inorganic particles.  Rays from the sunrise drew forth the buds and
stretched them into long stalks, lifted up sap in noiseless streams,
opened petals, and sucked out scents in invisible jets and
breathings.

Dairyman Crick's household of maids and men lived on comfortably,
placidly, even merrily.  Their position was perhaps the happiest of
all positions in the social scale, being above the line at which
neediness ends, and below the line at which the _convenances_ begin
to cramp natural feelings, and the stress of threadbare modishness
makes too little of enough.

Thus passed the leafy time when arborescence seems to be the one
thing aimed at out of doors.  Tess and Clare unconsciously studied
each other, ever balanced on the edge of a passion, yet apparently
keeping out of it.  All the while they were converging, under an
irresistible law, as surely as two streams in one vale.

Tess had never in her recent life been so happy as she was now,
possibly never would be so happy again.  She was, for one thing,
physically and mentally suited among these new surroundings.  The
sapling which had rooted down to a poisonous stratum on the spot of
its sowing had been transplanted to a deeper soil.  Moreover she, and
Clare also, stood as yet on the debatable land between predilection
and love; where no profundities have been reached; no reflections
have set in, awkwardly inquiring, "Whither does this new current tend
to carry me?  What does it mean to my future?  How does it stand
towards my past?"

Tess was the merest stray phenomenon to Angel Clare as yet--a rosy,
warming apparition which had only just acquired the attribute of
persistence in his consciousness.  So he allowed his mind to be
occupied with her, deeming his preoccupation to be no more than a
philosopher's regard of an exceedingly novel, fresh, and interesting
specimen of womankind.

They met continually; they could not help it.  They met daily in that
strange and solemn interval, the twilight of the morning, in the
violet or pink dawn; for it was necessary to rise early, so very
early, here.  Milking was done betimes; and before the milking came
the skimming, which began at a little past three.  It usually fell
to the lot of some one or other of them to wake the rest, the first
being aroused by an alarm-clock; and, as Tess was the latest arrival,
and they soon discovered that she could be depended upon not to sleep
though the alarm as others did, this task was thrust most frequently
upon her.  No sooner had the hour of three struck and whizzed,
than she left her room and ran to the dairyman's door; then up the
ladder to Angel's, calling him in a loud whisper; then woke her
fellow-milkmaids.  By the time that Tess was dressed Clare was
downstairs and out in the humid air.  The remaining maids and the
dairyman usually gave themselves another turn on the pillow, and did
not appear till a quarter of an hour later.

The gray half-tones of daybreak are not the gray half-tones of the
day's close, though the degree of their shade may be the same.  In
the twilight of the morning, light seems active, darkness passive;
in the twilight of evening it is the darkness which is active and
crescent, and the light which is the drowsy reverse.

Being so often--possibly not always by chance--the first two persons
to get up at the dairy-house, they seemed to themselves the first
persons up of all the world.  In these early days of her residence
here Tess did not skim, but went out of doors at once after rising,
where he was generally awaiting her.  The spectral, half-compounded,
aqueous light which pervaded the open mead impressed them with
a feeling of isolation, as if they were Adam and Eve.  At this
dim inceptive stage of the day Tess seemed to Clare to exhibit a
dignified largeness both of disposition and physique, an almost
regnant power, possibly because he knew that at that preternatural
time hardly any woman so well endowed in person as she was likely to
be walking in the open air within the boundaries of his horizon; very
few in all England.  Fair women are usually asleep at mid-summer
dawns.  She was close at hand, and the rest were nowhere.

The mixed, singular, luminous gloom in which they walked along
together to the spot where the cows lay often made him think of the
Resurrection hour.  He little thought that the Magdalen might be
at his side.  Whilst all the landscape was in neutral shade his
companion's face, which was the focus of his eyes, rising above the
mist stratum, seemed to have a sort of phosphorescence upon it.  She
looked ghostly, as if she were merely a soul at large.  In reality
her face, without appearing to do so, had caught the cold gleam of
day from the north-east; his own face, though he did not think of
it, wore the same aspect to her.

It was then, as has been said, that she impressed him most deeply.
She was no longer the milkmaid, but a visionary essence of woman--a
whole sex condensed into one typical form.  He called her Artemis,
Demeter, and other fanciful names half teasingly, which she did not
like because she did not understand them.

"Call me Tess," she would say askance; and he did.

Then it would grow lighter, and her features would become simply
feminine; they had changed from those of a divinity who could confer
bliss to those of a being who craved it.

At these non-human hours they could get quite close to the waterfowl.
Herons came, with a great bold noise as of opening doors and
shutters, out of the boughs of a plantation which they frequented at
the side of the mead; or, if already on the spot, hardily maintained
their standing in the water as the pair walked by, watching them by
moving their heads round in a slow, horizontal, passionless wheel,
like the turn of puppets by clockwork.

They could then see the faint summer fogs in layers, woolly, level,
and apparently no thicker than counterpanes, spread about the meadows
in detached remnants of small extent.  On the gray moisture of the
grass were marks where the cows had lain through the night--dark-green
islands of dry herbage the size of their carcasses, in the general
sea of dew. From each island proceeded a serpentine trail, by which
the cow had rambled away to feed after getting up, at the end of
which trail they found her; the snoring puff from her nostrils, when
she recognized them, making an intenser little fog of her own amid
the prevailing one.  Then they drove the animals back to the barton,
or sat down to milk them on the spot, as the case might require.

Or perhaps the summer fog was more general, and the meadows lay like
a white sea, out of which the scattered trees rose like dangerous
rocks.  Birds would soar through it into the upper radiance, and
hang on the wing sunning themselves, or alight on the wet rails
subdividing the mead, which now shone like glass rods.  Minute
diamonds of moisture from the mist hung, too, upon Tess's eyelashes,
and drops upon her hair, like seed pearls.  When the day grew quite
strong and commonplace these dried off her; moreover, Tess then
lost her strange and ethereal beauty; her teeth, lips, and eyes
scintillated in the sunbeams and she was again the dazzlingly fair
dairymaid only, who had to hold her own against the other women of
the world.

About this time they would hear Dairyman Crick's voice, lecturing the
non-resident milkers for arriving late, and speaking sharply to old
Deborah Fyander for not washing her hands.

"For Heaven's sake, pop thy hands under the pump, Deb!  Upon my soul,
if the London folk only knowed of thee and thy slovenly ways, they'd
swaller their milk and butter more mincing than they do a'ready; and
that's saying a good deal."

The milking progressed, till towards the end Tess and Clare, in
common with the rest, could hear the heavy breakfast table dragged
out from the wall in the kitchen by Mrs Crick, this being the
invariable preliminary to each meal; the same horrible scrape
accompanying its return journey when the table had been cleared.


Chapter 9

Summary: Rulers that come to power because of the support of the people are the total opposite of bloody conquers. Everyone loves 'em. They're not too smart, or even extra lucky, but just enough to get by. Our new ruler has three options for his new place: a monarchy where power goes to the nobles, a republic where power goes to the people, and anarchy. In monarchies, either the nobles or the people decide to concentrate all the power in one person, the king. Seems simple enough, but a king who comes to power because of the nobles will have a hard time. After all, the nobles have lots of power to throw around, too. Remember, you don't want anyone who can compete with you around, and these are the people with the weapons. What are the regular people going to do to you? Poke you with their potatoes? Bottom line: be friends with the people, because the nobles have too many tricks up their sleeves. More on nobles. There are two kinds, those who are totally 100% loyally part of your fan club and those who aren't. Out of those who aren't, there are two kinds. Those who are just scaredy-cats , and those who are planning something. The latter are the ones to watch out for because they will turn on you at the drop of a hat. Okay, back to the people. You need to be on their side. It's pretty easy, actually, because they basically just don't want to be oppressed and tortured. Also, if they thought you were going to be super mean, and you turn out to be okay, they will love you even more than if they loved you from the start. They're easy to please. Some people say that it's a bad idea to depend on the support of the people. Machiavelli just doesn't agree--he says that's only the case if you're stupid and think they'll fight for you or rescue you. That's not going to happen. But they can support you and not turn against you. Problems for the ruler supported by the people? When they want to become an absolute ruler, they need either give direct command or rule though other people who they give power to. The problem is, these people aren't always the most trustworthy--before you know it, everything is up in flames. So, make sure your people always need not only your government , but you specifically, and everything will be okay.

But coming to the other point--where a leading citizen becomes the
prince of his country, not by wickedness or any intolerable violence,
but by the favour of his fellow citizens--this may be called a civil
principality: nor is genius or fortune altogether necessary to attain to
it, but rather a happy shrewdness. I say then that such a principality
is obtained either by the favour of the people or by the favour of the
nobles. Because in all cities these two distinct parties are found,
and from this it arises that the people do not wish to be ruled nor
oppressed by the nobles, and the nobles wish to rule and oppress the
people; and from these two opposite desires there arises in cities one
of three results, either a principality, self-government, or anarchy.

A principality is created either by the people or by the nobles,
accordingly as one or other of them has the opportunity; for the nobles,
seeing they cannot withstand the people, begin to cry up the reputation
of one of themselves, and they make him a prince, so that under his
shadow they can give vent to their ambitions. The people, finding
they cannot resist the nobles, also cry up the reputation of one of
themselves, and make him a prince so as to be defended by his authority.
He who obtains sovereignty by the assistance of the nobles maintains
himself with more difficulty than he who comes to it by the aid of
the people, because the former finds himself with many around him who
consider themselves his equals, and because of this he can neither rule
nor manage them to his liking. But he who reaches sovereignty by popular
favour finds himself alone, and has none around him, or few, who are not
prepared to obey him.

Besides this, one cannot by fair dealing, and without injury to others,
satisfy the nobles, but you can satisfy the people, for their object is
more righteous than that of the nobles, the latter wishing to oppress,
while the former only desire not to be oppressed. It is to be added also
that a prince can never secure himself against a hostile people, because
of there being too many, whilst from the nobles he can secure himself,
as they are few in number. The worst that a prince may expect from a
hostile people is to be abandoned by them; but from hostile nobles he
has not only to fear abandonment, but also that they will rise against
him; for they, being in these affairs more far-seeing and astute, always
come forward in time to save themselves, and to obtain favours from him
whom they expect to prevail. Further, the prince is compelled to live
always with the same people, but he can do well without the same nobles,
being able to make and unmake them daily, and to give or take away
authority when it pleases him.

Therefore, to make this point clearer, I say that the nobles ought to
be looked at mainly in two ways: that is to say, they either shape their
course in such a way as binds them entirely to your fortune, or they do
not. Those who so bind themselves, and are not rapacious, ought to be
honoured and loved; those who do not bind themselves may be dealt
with in two ways; they may fail to do this through pusillanimity and a
natural want of courage, in which case you ought to make use of them,
especially of those who are of good counsel; and thus, whilst in
prosperity you honour them, in adversity you do not have to fear them.
But when for their own ambitious ends they shun binding themselves, it
is a token that they are giving more thought to themselves than to you,
and a prince ought to guard against such, and to fear them as if they
were open enemies, because in adversity they always help to ruin him.

Therefore, one who becomes a prince through the favour of the people
ought to keep them friendly, and this he can easily do seeing they
only ask not to be oppressed by him. But one who, in opposition to
the people, becomes a prince by the favour of the nobles, ought, above
everything, to seek to win the people over to himself, and this he may
easily do if he takes them under his protection. Because men, when they
receive good from him of whom they were expecting evil, are bound more
closely to their benefactor; thus the people quickly become more devoted
to him than if he had been raised to the principality by their favours;
and the prince can win their affections in many ways, but as these vary
according to the circumstances one cannot give fixed rules, so I omit
them; but, I repeat, it is necessary for a prince to have the people
friendly, otherwise he has no security in adversity.

Nabis,(*) Prince of the Spartans, sustained the attack of all Greece,
and of a victorious Roman army, and against them he defended his country
and his government; and for the overcoming of this peril it was only
necessary for him to make himself secure against a few, but this would
not have been sufficient had the people been hostile. And do not let any
one impugn this statement with the trite proverb that "He who builds on
the people, builds on the mud," for this is true when a private citizen
makes a foundation there, and persuades himself that the people will
free him when he is oppressed by his enemies or by the magistrates;
wherein he would find himself very often deceived, as happened to the
Gracchi in Rome and to Messer Giorgio Scali(+) in Florence. But granted
a prince who has established himself as above, who can command, and is
a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who does not fail in other
qualifications, and who, by his resolution and energy, keeps the whole
people encouraged--such a one will never find himself deceived in them,
and it will be shown that he has laid his foundations well.

     (*) Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, conquered by the Romans under
     Flamininus in 195 B.C.; killed 192 B.C.

     (+) Messer Giorgio Scali. This event is to be found in
     Machiavelli's "Florentine History," Book III.

These principalities are liable to danger when they are passing from the
civil to the absolute order of government, for such princes either rule
personally or through magistrates. In the latter case their government
is weaker and more insecure, because it rests entirely on the goodwill
of those citizens who are raised to the magistracy, and who, especially
in troubled times, can destroy the government with great ease, either
by intrigue or open defiance; and the prince has not the chance amid
tumults to exercise absolute authority, because the citizens and
subjects, accustomed to receive orders from magistrates, are not of
a mind to obey him amid these confusions, and there will always be in
doubtful times a scarcity of men whom he can trust. For such a prince
cannot rely upon what he observes in quiet times, when citizens have
need of the state, because then every one agrees with him; they all
promise, and when death is far distant they all wish to die for him;
but in troubled times, when the state has need of its citizens, then
he finds but few. And so much the more is this experiment dangerous,
inasmuch as it can only be tried once. Therefore a wise prince ought to
adopt such a course that his citizens will always in every sort and
kind of circumstance have need of the state and of him, and then he will
always find them faithful.


Act II, scene ii

Summary: Caliban enters with a load of wood, and thunder sounds in the background. Caliban curses and describes the torments that Prospero's spirits subject him to: they pinch, bite, and prick him, especially when he curses. As he is thinking of these spirits, Caliban sees Trinculo and imagines him to be one of the spirits. Hoping to avoid pinching, he lies down and covers himself with his cloak. Trinculo hears the thunder and looks about for some cover from the storm. The only thing he sees is the cloak-covered Caliban on the ground. He is not so much repulsed by Caliban as curious. He cannot decide whether Caliban is a "man or a fish" . He thinks of a time when he traveled to England and witnessed freak-shows there. Caliban, he thinks, would bring him a lot of money in England. Thunder sounds again and Trinculo decides that the best shelter in sight is beneath Caliban's cloak, and so he joins the man-monster there. Stephano enters singing and drinking. He hears Caliban cry out to Trinculo, "Do not torment me! O!" . Hearing this and seeing the four legs sticking out from the cloak, Stephano thinks the two men are a four-legged monster with a fever. He decides to relieve this fever with a drink. Caliban continues to resist Trinculo, whom he still thinks is a spirit tormenting him. Trinculo recognizes Stephano's voice and says so. Stephano, of course, assumes for a moment that the monster has two heads, and he promises to pour liquor in both mouths. Trinculo now calls out to Stephano, and Stephano pulls his friend out from under the cloak. While the two men discuss how they arrived safely on shore, Caliban enjoys the liquor and begs to worship Stephano. The men take full advantage of Caliban's drunkenness, mocking him as a "most ridiculous monster"  as he promises to lead them around and show them the isle.

Analysis Trinculo and Stephano are the last new characters to be introduced in the play. They act as comic foils to the main action, and will in later acts become specific parodies of Antonio and Sebastian. At this point, their role is to present comically some of the more serious issues in the play concerning Prospero and Caliban. In Act I, scene ii, Prospero calls Caliban a "slave" , "thou earth" , "Filth" , and "Hag-seed" . Stephano and Trinculo's epithet of choice in Act II, scene ii and thereafter is "monster." But while these two make quite clear that Caliban is seen as less than human by the Europeans on the island, they also treat him more humanely than Prospero does. Stephano and Trinculo, a butler and a jester respectively, remain at the low end of the social scale in the play, and have little difficulty finding friendship with the strange islander they meet. " Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows," says Trinculo , and then hastens to crawl beneath Caliban's garment in order to get out of the rain. The similarity, socially and perhaps physically as well, between Trinculo and Caliban is further emphasized when Stephano, drunk, initially mistakes the two for a single monster: "This is some monster of the isle with four legs" . More important than the emphasis on the way in which Caliban seems to others more monster than man, is the way in which this scene dramatizes the initial encounter between an almost completely isolated, "primitive" culture and a foreign, "civilized" one. The reader discovers during Caliban and Prospero's confrontation in Act I, scene ii that Prospero initially "made much of" Caliban ; that he gave Caliban "Water with berries in't" ; that Caliban showed him around the island; and that Prospero later imprisoned Caliban, after he had taken all he could take from him. The reader can see these events in Act II, scene ii, with Trinculo and Stephano in the place of Prospero. Stephano calls Caliban a "brave monster," as they set off singing around the island. In addition, Stephano and Trinculo give Caliban wine, which Caliban finds to be a "celestial liquor" . Moreover, Caliban initially mistakes Stephano and Trinculo for Prospero's spirits, but alcohol convinces him that Stephano is a "brave god" and decides unconditionally to "kneel to him" . This scene shows the foreign, civilized culture as decadent and manipulative: Stephano immediately plans to "inherit" the island , using Caliban to show him all its virtues. Stephano and Trinculo are a grotesque, parodic version of Prospero upon his arrival twelve years ago. Godlike in the eyes of the native, they slash and burn their way to power. By this point, Caliban has begun to resemble a parody of himself. Whereas he would "gabble like / A thing most brutish"  upon Prospero's arrival, because he did not know language, he now is willfully inarticulate in his drunkenness. Immediately putting aside his fear that these men are spirits sent to do him harm, Caliban puts his trust in them for all the wrong reasons. What makes Caliban's behavior in this scene so tragic is that we might expect him, especially after his eloquent curses of Prospero in Act I, scene ii, to know better.

SCENE II.

_Another part of the island._

  _Enter CALIBAN with a burden of wood. A noise of thunder heard._

_Cal._ All the infections that the sun sucks up
From bogs, fens, flats, on Prosper fall, and make him
By inch-meal a disease! His spirits hear me,
And yet I needs must curse. But they'll nor pinch,
Fright me with urchin-shows, pitch me i' the mire,                   5
Nor lead me, like a firebrand, in the dark
Out of my way, unless he bid 'em: but
For every trifle are they set upon me;
Sometime like apes, that mow and chatter at me,
And after bite me; then like hedgehogs, which                       10
Lie tumbling in my barefoot way, and mount
Their pricks at my footfall; sometime am I
All wound with adders, who with cloven tongues
Do hiss me into madness.

  _Enter TRINCULO._

                        Lo, now, lo!
Here comes a spirit of his, and to torment me                       15
For bringing wood in slowly. I'll fall flat;
Perchance he will not mind me.

_Trin._ Here's neither bush nor shrub, to bear off any
weather at all, and another storm brewing; I hear it sing i'
the wind: yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks               20
like a foul bombard that would shed his liquor. If it should
thunder as it did before, I know not where to hide my head:
yond same cloud cannot choose but fall by pailfuls. What
have we here? a man or a fish? dead or alive? A fish: he
smells like a fish; a very ancient and fish-like smell; a kind      25
of not of the newest Poor-John. A strange fish! Were I
in England now, as once I was, and had but this fish
painted, not a holiday fool there but would give a piece of
silver: there would this monster make a man; any strange
beast there makes a man: when they will not give a doit to          30
relieve a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a dead
Indian. Legged like a man! and his fins like arms! Warm
o' my troth! I do now let loose my opinion; hold it no
longer: this is no fish, but an islander, that hath lately
suffered by a thunderbolt. [_Thunder._] Alas, the storm is come     35
again! my best way is to creep under his gaberdine; there
is no other shelter hereabout: misery acquaints a man with
strange bed-fellows. I will here shroud till the dregs of the
storm be past.

  _Enter STEPHANO, singing: a bottle in his hand._

_Ste._ I shall no more to sea, to sea,                              40
                Here shall I die a-shore,--

This is a very scurvy tune to sing at a man's funeral: well,
here's my comfort.                                  [_Drinks._

[_Sings._ The master, the swabber, the boatswain, and I,
                       The gunner, and his mate,                    45
               Loved Mall, Meg, and Marian, and Margery,
                   But none of us cared for Kate;
                   For she had a tongue with a tang,
                   Would cry to a sailor, Go hang!
               She loved not the savour of tar nor of pitch;        50
               Yet a tailor might scratch her where'er she did itch.
                   Then, to sea, boys, and let her go hang!

This is a scurvy tune too: but here's my comfort. [_Drinks._

_Cal._ Do not torment me:--O!

_Ste._ What's the matter? Have we devils here? Do                   55
you put tricks upon 's with savages and men of Ind, ha? I
have not scaped drowning, to be afeard now of your four
legs; for it hath been said, As proper a man as ever went
on four legs cannot make him give ground; and it shall be
said so again, while Stephano breathes at's nostrils.               60

_Cal._ The spirit torments me:--O!

_Ste._ This is some monster of the isle with four legs, who
hath got, as I take it, an ague. Where the devil should he
learn our language? I will give him some relief, if it be
but for that. If I can recover him, and keep him tame, and          65
get to Naples with him, he's a present for any emperor that
ever trod on neat's-leather.

_Cal._ Do not torment me, prithee; I'll bring my wood
home faster.

_Ste._ He's in his fit now, and does not talk after the             70
wisest. He shall taste of my bottle: if he have never drunk
wine afore, it will go near to remove his fit. If I can recover
him, and keep him tame, I will not take too much for
him; he shall pay for him that hath him, and that soundly.

_Cal._ Thou dost me yet but little hurt; thou wilt anon, I          75
know it by thy trembling: now Prosper works upon thee.

_Ste._ Come on your ways; open your mouth; here is that
which will give language to you, cat: open your mouth; this
will shake your shaking, I can tell you, and that soundly:
you cannot tell who's your friend: open your chaps again.           80

_Trin._ I should know that voice: it should be--but he
is drowned; and these are devils:--O defend me!

_Ste._ Four legs and two voices,--a most delicate monster!
His forward voice, now, is to speak well of his friend;
his backward voice is to utter foul speeches and to detract.        85
If all the wine in my bottle will recover him, I will help
his ague. Come:--Amen! I will pour some in thy other
mouth.

_Trin._ Stephano!

_Ste._ Doth thy other mouth call me? Mercy, mercy!                  90
This is a devil, and no monster: I will leave him; I have
no long spoon.

_Trin._ Stephano! If thou beest Stephano, touch me,
and speak to me; for I am Trinculo,--be not afeard,--thy
good friend Trinculo.                                               95

_Ste._ If thou beest Trinculo, come forth: I'll pull thee
by the lesser legs: if any be Trinculo's legs, these are they.
Thou art very Trinculo indeed! How earnest thou to be
the siege of this moon-calf? can he vent Trinculos?

_Trin._ I took him to be killed with a thunder-stroke.             100
But art thou not drowned, Stephano? I hope, now, thou
art not drowned. Is the storm overblown? I hid me
under the dead moon-calf's gaberdine for fear of the storm.
And art thou living, Stephano? O Stephano, two Neapolitans
scaped!                                                            105

_Ste._ Prithee, do not turn me about; my stomach is not
constant.

_Cal._ [_aside_] These be fine things, an if they be not sprites.
That's a brave god, and bears celestial liquor:
I will kneel to him.                                               110

_Ste._ How didst thou 'scape? How camest thou hither?
swear, by this bottle, how thou camest hither. I escaped
upon a butt of sack, which the sailors heaved o'erboard, by
this bottle! which I made of the bark of a tree with mine
own hands, since I was cast ashore.                                115

_Cal._ I'll swear, upon that bottle, to be thy true subject;
for the liquor is not earthly.

_Ste._ Here; swear, then, how thou escapedst.

_Trin._ Swum ashore, man, like a duck: I can swim
like a duck, I'll be sworn.                                        120

_Ste._ Here, kiss the book. Though thou canst swim
like a duck, thou art made like a goose.

_Trin._ O Stephano, hast any more of this?

_Ste._ The whole butt, man: my cellar is in a rock by
the sea-side, where my wine is hid. How now, moon-calf!            125
how does thine ague?

_Cal._ Hast thou not dropp'd from heaven?

_Ste._ Out o' the moon, I do assure thee: I was the man
i' the moon when time was.

_Cal._ I have seen thee in her, and I do adore thee:               130
My mistress show'd me thee, and thy dog, and thy bush.

_Ste._ Come, swear to that; kiss the book: I will furnish
it anon with new contents: swear.

_Trin._ By this good light, this is a very shallow monster!
I afeard of him! A very weak monster! The                          135
man i' the moon! A most poor credulous monster! Well
drawn, monster, in good sooth!

_Cal._ I'll show thee every fertile inch o' th' island;
And I will kiss thy foot: I prithee, be my god.

_Trin._ By this light, a most perfidious and drunken               140
monster! when's god's asleep, he'll rob his bottle.

_Cal._ I'll kiss thy foot; I'll swear myself thy subject.

_Ste._ Come on, then; down, and swear.

_Trin._ I shall laugh myself to death at this puppy-headed
monster. A most scurvy monster! I could find in                    145
my heart to beat him,--

_Ste._ Come, kiss.

_Trin._ But that the poor monster's in drink: an abominable
monster!

_Cal._ I'll show thee the best springs; I'll pluck thee berries;   150
I'll fish for thee, and get thee wood enough.
A plague upon the tyrant that I serve!
I'll bear him no more sticks, but follow thee,
Thou wondrous man.

_Trin._ A most ridiculous monster, to make a wonder                155
of a poor drunkard!

_Cal._ I prithee, let me bring thee where crabs grow;
And I with my long nails will dig thee pig-nuts;
Show thee a jay's nest, and instruct thee how
To snare the nimble marmoset; I'll bring thee                      160
To clustering filberts, and sometimes I'll get thee
Young scamels from the rock. Wilt thou go with me?

_Ste._ I prithee now, lead the way, without any more
talking. Trinculo, the king and all our company else being
drowned, we will inherit here: here; bear my bottle: fellow        165
Trinculo, we'll fill him by and by again.

_Cal. sings drunkenly._] Farewell, master; farewell, farewell!

_Trin._ A howling monster; a drunken monster!

_Cal._ No more dams I'll make for fish;
                Nor fetch in firing                                170
                At requiring;
             Nor scrape trencher, nor wash dish:
                'Ban, 'Ban, Cacaliban
                Has a new master:--get a new man.

Freedom, hey-day! hey-day, freedom! freedom, hey-day,              175
freedom!

_Ste._ O brave monster! Lead the way.    [_Exeunt._

  Notes: II, 2.

  4: _nor_] F1 F2. _not_ F3 F4.
  15: _and_] _now_ Pope. _sent_ Edd. conj. (so Dryden).
  21: _foul_] _full_ Upton conj.
  35: [Thunder] Capell.
  38: _dregs_] _drench_ Collier MS.
  40: SCENE III. Pope.
  [a bottle in his hand] Capell.]
  46: _and Marian_] _Mirian_ Pope.
  56: _savages_] _salvages_ Ff.
  60: _at's nostrils_] Edd. _at 'nostrils_ F1. _at nostrils_ F2 F3 F4.
    _at his nostrils_ Pope.
  78: _you, cat_] _you Cat_ Ff. _a cat_ Hanmer. _your cat_ Edd. conj.
  84: _well_] F1 om. F2 F3 F4.
  115, 116: Steevens prints as verse, _I'll ... thy True ... earthly._
  118: _swear, then, how thou escapedst_] _swear then: how escapedst
    thou?_ Pope.
  119: _Swum_] _Swom_ Ff.
  131: _and thy dog, and thy bush_] _thy dog and bush_ Steevens.
  133: _new_] F1. _the new_ F2 F3 F4.
  135: _weak_] F1. _shallow_ F2 F3 F4.
  138: _island_] F1. _isle_ F2 F3 F4.
  150-154, 157-162, printed as verse by Pope (after Dryden).
  162: _scamels_] _shamois_ Theobald. _seamalls, stannels_ id. conj.
  163: Ste.] F1. Cal. F2 F3 F4.
  165: Before _here; bear my bottle_ Capell inserts [To Cal.].
    See note (XII).
  172: _trencher_] Pope (after Dryden). _trenchering_ Ff.
  175: _hey-day_] Rowe. _high-day_ Ff.


The Meeting (2012 film)

The Meeting is a 2012 Nigerian romantic comedy drama film produced by Rita Dominic & Mildred Okwo and directed by Mildred Okwo. It stars Femi Jacobs, Rita Dominic, Linda Ejiofor, Kehinde Bankole and Jide Kosoko with Special Appearances from Nse Ikpe Etim, Kate Henshaw and Chinedu Ikedieze. It received 6 nominations at the 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards and won the award for the category Achievement In Make-Up. Plot The film opens at the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja, with a phone conversation between Mr. Makinde Esho (Femi Jacobs) and his Managing director (Jide Kosoko). Makinde is reminded by his MD about how important it is for him to get an authorization from the Ministry of Land, and return to Lagos with a positive feedback. Just as Makinde is about to board a Taxi, he is interrupted by Ejura (Linda Ejiofor), a female Corp member who pleads for a Lift, as she is short on cash and there is a long queue at the ATM. Makinde refuses at first, but after much persuasion from Ejura, he reluctantly agrees. Even though Ejura had promised earlier to keep mute during the ride, her inquisitive nature gives Makinde facial expressions that prompt answers and eventually start a conversation. Mr Makinde arrives at the Ministry of land and is met by a scenario involving Mr. Ugor (Chinedu Ikedieze), being forced out of the building by security operatives. Makinde is in awe but manages to help find his way to the reception desk to meet the minister's discourteous secretary, Clara Ikemba (Rita Dominic). He is unapologetically informed by Clara that his meeting, which was originally scheduled for 9:30 am, has been moved to 4:30 pm. Makinde retires his stance and joins the other appointees who are all seated to see the minister. While waiting, Clara informs the appointees that she sells recharge cards and cold drinks to cater for their needs as they wait to see the minister, Ejura also calls Mr Makinde to thank him for the ride he gave to her earlier while he was having his lunch at a nearby eatery . Several hours has gone past and Makinde is yet to get a word from the secretary about his rescheduled meeting. He decides to inquire about it from her but to his surprise, she informs him rudely that the minister has already left the office. Makinde argues that she could have told him and others waiting, instead of making people waste their precious time. Clara replies him "OYO (meaning On Your Own) is their case", a slang which means everyman is responsible to himself and she has no business telling them to wait or go home. The meeting is eventually rescheduled for the following day. Makinde checks into a hotel. While trying to fight boredom, Ejura calls and eventually joins Makinde in the hotel in a bid to keep him company. Makinde is set to give his presentation to the minister on Tuesday morning, but just as the secretary is about to inform the minister of his presence, a group of Igbo kinsmen


East Coast

East Coast may refer to: Entertainment East Coast hip hop, a subgenre of hip hop "East Coast" (ASAP Ferg song), 2017 "East Coast" (Saves the Day song), 2004 East Coast FM, a radio station in Co. Wicklow, Ireland East Coast Swing, a form of social partner dance Places East Coast of the United States Eastern United States (by extension of the above) East Coast (New Zealand electorate) Atlantic Canada, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador Australian south-east coast drainage division, an area of southern Australia Eastern states of Australia East Region, Singapore Gisborne District, area of New Zealand referred to as the East Coast Levante, Spain, eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula East coast of India or Eastern Coastal Plains, includes the Coromandel Coast Transportation East Coast (train operating company), a former train company in the UK East Coast Buses, a subsidiary of Lothian Buses in Scotland East Coast Greenway, biking and walking route in U.S. East Coast Main Line, English railway link East Coast Parkway, an expressway on the southeastern coast of Singapore East Coast Railway Zone (India), one of the sixteen railway zones of Indian Railways Florida East Coast Railway, a Class II railroad operating in the US state of Florida New Brunswick East Coast Railway, a historic Canadian railway that operated in New Brunswick East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia London North Eastern Railway, UK train company Other East coast akalat, a small passerine bird East Coast bias, when American East Coast sports teams are given undue weight by broadcasters East Coast Borough Council, proposed name for Ards and North Down Borough Council, Northern Ireland, UK


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What is here called controlled natural language ( CNL ) has traditionally been given many different names .


In this paper , we introduce CoQA , a Conversational Question Answering dataset for measuring the ability of machines to participate in a question - answering style conversation .


in : Proceedings of SODA 98 , Ninth Annual ACM - SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms , San Francisco , CA , USA , 1998 , pp .


But is the existing HPC I / O stack still suitable for new NVM devices like Intel Optane ?


For a fixed and known , we apply a successive convex approximation ( SCA ) approach to transform the non - convex problem into a sequence of relaxed convex subproblems .


Section II introduces issues relevant to VMP .


A near optimal solution is proposed using Geometric Programming ( GP ) to optimally solve the problem in a time - slotted period .


b ) , this regularization induces an output distribution that is close to an input distribution in CT values , and aims to ensure that the generators translate the sparse artifacts rather than dense anatomical structures .


The Principal Component Analysis ( PCA ) is used for dimension reduction .


This should certainly be true of the New Technology File System ( NTFS ) , since NTFS is currently the most common file system in use .


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There's the slight issue of consent with paedophilia and beastiality


Not everyone has the option of a rainbow reaction; I don't but wish I did.


don't worry about it, you can get treated, if you must!


Top praise to Jonathan Billington for being our speelcheck


Who mentioned standards?


except satanic new world order whores like these idiots that want to get married in a church,, it's all it is,and these idiots are the pawns in the game of destroy our natural world,, total morons,,go home and be a gay as you like behind closed doors,,have a bit of respect for the family unite and our young children's minds eh,, its been funded by the satanic bankers as usual you stupid sheep,,Planned out before most of you gay people were even born,, your 50 to 100 years behind reality,, all done by design,,


Why do they put ham in Mohammad's name


Me TOO! Love everybody!


View + as a random digit instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 63+18? A:


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The manager fired the cleaner because


The manager told the hairdresser that

she expected something better.
he expected something better.


The mover missed the call from the assistant because


The farmer offered apples to the housekeeper, because

he might like them.
she might like them.


The nurse examined the farmer for injuries because


The laborer was surprised that the auditor appeared because

he said everything was fine.
she said everything was fine.


The carpenter made a desk for the clerk because


The developer argued with the designer because

she did not like the design.
he did not like the design.


The mechanic looked down on the cashier because

he had a bad breath.
she had a bad breath.


The manager asked the accountant for the books because

she felt the work was wrong.
he felt the work was wrong.


BiBliography Abu\u2010Nimer, M.


Dialogue, Conflict Resolution, and Change.


Albany: State University  of New York Press.


Agbaria, F., and Cohen, C.


Working With Groups in Conflict: The Impact of Power  Relations on the Dynamics of the Group.


Brandeis Initiative in Intercommunal Coexistence,  Brandeis, MA.


Refugees: Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration.


Ager  (Ed.), Refugees: Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration (pp.