It's a testament to Gosha's incredible film-making prowess that he was able to complete both Hitokiri and his stunning masterpiece, Goyokin, in the same year, 1969. And it's a testament to how criminally underrated he remains for the general public (compared to media darlings like the great Akira Kurosawa), that both Hitokiri and Goyokin have received less than 500 votes between the two of them.Shintaro Katsu is Okada Izo: mad dog killer, loyal to the Tosha clan and their boss Takechi, played by another genre stalwart, Tatsuya Nakadai. The Tosha clan was part of a larger alliance that supported the Emperor against the flailing Shogunate. The historical backdrop is fairly accurate - with Japan's increasing political turmoil between imperialists and the Tokugawa and the pressure by the West to end a 300 year social and political seclusion. It helps a lot to know a thing or two about Japanese history and what eventually led to the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the Tokugawa Shogunate, but it's not essential by any means. The movie was made primarily for a Japanese audience so certain things are taken for granted but it flows very well for the uninitiated as well.As one would expect from a Hideo Gosha film in his golden years (the late 60's) the visual palette is breathtaking, the use of external and internal symbolism hiding behind pictorial beauty. Style however is never decorative for Gosha - it is always employed in the service of story. And speaking of story, Hitokiri is dominated both literally and figuratively by the tortured main character Izo Okada. As most chambara protagonists, Izo finds himself in a moral double-bind, torn between giri (obligation) and ninjo (natural impulse) - although it takes a while for him to realize what exactly his giri is. In the first half of the movie Izo is trying for social self-advancement. Lofty aspirations of social rank and marriage with an aristocrat's daughter - a great progression for someone coming from a farmer's background in the rigid social caste system of 19th century Japan. The turning point for Izo is when he realizes at what cost self-advancement comes, the loss of identity and by consequence the loss of self. It is at that point that he undergoes a very symbolic transformation from a famous swordsman of the Tosha Clan to a "nameless" drifter without past or future, Torazo the Vagrant. Although not technically nameless and not a genre drifter in Yojimbo's mold, it is the loss of his former self and the cast off of ego, ambition and self-dillusion that allows Izo to see things as they really are and redeem himself. Hitokiri ends (which I won't reveal here) in the best way any story can end: both positive and negative with a deeply ironic twist that gives Izo the last laugh, a last sardonic remark in the face of death.


Serious HOME ALONE/KARATE KID knock off with enough bad character stereotypes to have the writer sued and then shot. You could see blatant stunt man usage in almost every scene. Oh, and the acting sucks too. Although I must say that the line: "Sorry, dude, I have to take a major dump big time" made me laugh my ass off.


There are no spoilers here... Because there is no plot to spoil. Madchen Amick is living proof a face can make a living acting-- no talent required. The only bright spot are a few really good one-liners delivered very nicely by Alice Krige, but then again, she IS Alice Krige. Her soft dreamy voice gives the only hint at just how seductively dangerous these odd creatures can be. She is believably creepy in this otherwise unbelievable plot. How they got her to agree to this project remains a mystery. The screenplay writers must have been medicated when they submitted this script. It has major continuity problems, superficial stereotypical characters, horror formula writing, and simply falls short of making any sense what-so-ever. The creatures, while they have neat skills like going "dim", the question of where they come from and what they are is never so much explored. Don't waste any time on this one.


'":\\"1 Amiens Street, Dublin 1\\",\\"address_1\\":\\"1 Amiens Street\\",\\"address_2\\":\\"\\",\\"latitude\\":\\"<TARGET_LAT>\\",\\"localized_multi_line_address_display\\":[\\"1 Amiens Street\\",\\"Dublin 1\\"],\\"localized_area_disp'


'\\",\\"postal_code\\":\\"M5A 1B6\\",\\"address_1\\":\\"11 Polson Street\\",\\"address_2\\":\\"\\",\\"latitude\\":\\"<TARGET_LAT>\\",\\"localized_multi_line_address_display\\":[\\"11 Polson Street\\",\\"Toronto, ON M5A 1B6\\"],\\"localiz'


Report: HBO Now coming to Apple TV next month

Airline travelers worried Ebola taking matters hands fears healthcare officials underestimated virus. Pictures posted social media show number people arriving airports surgical masks gloves on. One person wore entire HAZMAT suit. The images appeared following days false alarms nation's airports, also second healthcare worker Dallas revealed contracted Ebola virus. Amber Vinson, second person contract deadly virus U.S., also found made round-trip flight Dallas Cleveland, returning day put isolation Texan Health Presbyterian hospital. The person wearing HAZMAT suit photographed sitting departures lounge Dulles International Airport, Washington. D.C. The image first spotted Daily Caller.


Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria

Islamic State militants appear killed missing American journalist James Wright Foley, video surfaced Tuesday believed. Foley freelancer frequently reported Global Post Agence France-Presse ongoing conflicts Middle East. When Foley first disappeared Syria, reports indicated captured pro-government forces. Instead, appears captors members ISIS. He previously kidnapped Libya. The video surfaced Tuesday first shows clip President Obama's press conference calling air strikes "the terrorist group ISIL." About halfway in, man believed Foley speaks English family. He's knees, ISIS guard standing him. In [likely ISIS-scripted] speech, blames Obama U.S. government impending death implores family take penny government. He addresses brother, John, U.S. Air Force. "I died day, John," says, referring U.S. air strikes militant group. "When colleagues dropped bomb people, signed death certificate." When video reorients focus back Foley executioner, mike previously hooked shirt gone. The militant spouts angry tirade United States, camera cuts away first seconds beheading. At end video, ISIS militants parade another captive journalist, Steven Sotloff, threaten next victim U.S. government's policy toward militant group change. The video taken Youtube shortly publicized. A HuffPo blogger claimed shared video apologized so: As November 2013, least 30 journalists held captive Syria. Many killed ongoing conflict.


Amazon to Open First Brick-and-Mortar Site

LAS VEGAS, Feb. 19 (UPI) -- Vice's Shane Smith got lucky Las Vegas weekend spent money $300,000 steak dinner Bellagio. Bloomberg originally reported story 12 unidentified guests racking large dinner tab. One guest said party reached 25 people. Vice received negative attention low pay journalists producers company maintains offer vacation, health benefits stock options. Smith reportedly gave $1 million staff Christmas party last year. New York Times journalist David Carr, recently died, mentioned seeing Smith Casino Twitter early January.


Classification


from nltk.corpus import names


l = ([(name, 'male') for name in names.words('male.txt')] +


[(name, 'female') for name in names.words('female.txt')])


print("\nNumber of male names:")


print(len(names.words('male.txt')))


print("\nNumber of female names:")


print(len(names.words('female.txt')))


male_names = names.words('male.txt')


female_names = names.words('female.txt')


#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define vt          vector
#define sz(x)       int((x).size())
#define all(x)      (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define rall(x)     (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
#define fi          first
#define se          second

using ll = long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;

void solve() {
    string s, t;
    cin >> t >> s;
    cout << s + t;
}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0);

    int tcs = 1;
    for (int tc = 1; tc <= tcs; tc++) {
        // cout << "Case " << tc << ": ";
        solve();
    }
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
using P = pair<ll, ll>;
using V = vector<ll>;
#define rep(i, n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(n);i++)
#define rep1(i, n) for(ll i=1;i<=(ll)(n);i++)
#define rep2(i, m, n) for(ll i=m;i<(ll)(n);i++)
#define rrep(i, n, m) for(ll i=n;i>=(ll)(m);i--)
#define ALL(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end()
#define RALL(obj) (obj).rbegin(), (obj).rend()
#define MOD 1000000007
#define INF 1000000000
#define LLINF 1e18

template<class T>bool chmax(T & a, const T & b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T>bool chmin(T & a, const T & b) { if (b < a) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }

void solve_abc_a() {
	ll n, m;
	ll x, y;
	ll a, b, d;
	ll c;
	//char c;
	ll h, w;
	ll k;
	string s, t;
	//ll s, t;
	ll l_ans = 0;
	string s_ans = "NG";

	V val(3, 0);
	cin >> val[0] >> val[1] >> val[2] >> k;
	sort(ALL(val));

	val[2] = val[2] * pow(2, k);

	l_ans = val[0] + val[1] + val[2];

	cout << l_ans << "\n";

	return;
}

int main() {
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cout << fixed;
	cout << setprecision(7);

	solve_abc_a();

	return 0;
}


// 2016-12-03
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int m, min, max, n;
	int p[200];
	while (cin >> m >> min >> max, m) {
		for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
			cin >> p[i];
		}
		n = min - 1;
		for (int i = min; i < max; i++) {
			if (p[i] - p[i + 1] >= p[n] - p[n + 1]) {
				n = i;
			}
		}
		cout << n + 1 << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

int main (void)
{
	long m,min,max,p[10000],g[10000],kkk,rrr;

	for (long o = 0; o < 10000; o++)
	{
	cin >> m >> min >> max;

	if (m == 0 && min == 0)
	{
		if (max == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
	}

	kkk = 0;

	for (long i = 1; i < m + 1; i++)
	{
		cin >> p[i];
	}

	for (long j = min; j < max + 1; j++)
	{
		g[j] = p[j] - p[j + 1];

		if (kkk <= g[j])
		{
			kkk = 0;
			kkk = g[j];
			rrr = 0;
			rrr = j;
		}
	}

		cout << rrr << endl;
	}
}


#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using Pii = pair<int, int>;
using Pll = pair<ll, ll>;
#define rep(i, begin, n) for (int i = begin; i < n; i++)
#define repe(i, begin, n) for (int i = begin; i <= n; i++)
#define repr(i, begin, n) for (int i = begin; i > begin - n; i--)
#define repre(i, begin, end) for (int i = begin; i >= end; i--)

template <class T>
inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

template <class T>
inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

const int inf = INT_MAX;
const int MOD = 1000000007;
const long long INF = LLONG_MAX;

// -------------------------------------------------------

ll x;

int main() {
  cin >> x;
  ll q = x / 11;
  ll r = x % 11;
  if (r == 0) {
    cout << q * 2;
    return 0;
  }

  if (1 <= r && r <= 6) {
    cout << q * 2 + 1;
    return 0;
  }

  cout << q * 2 + 2;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

long long int gcd(long long int a,long long int b){
    if(a%b==0){
        return b;
    }
    else{
        return gcd(b,a%b);
    }
}
long long int fac(long long int n){
    if(n==0){
        return 1;
    }
    else{
        return n*(fac(n-1))%1000000007;
    }
}

int main(){
    long long int n,k,ans=0;
    cin>>n;
    ans+=2*((n-1)/11);
    if(n%11<7&&n%11>0){
        ans++;
    }
    else{
        ans++;
        ans++;
    }
    cout<<ans<<endl;
    return 0;
}


#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

int main() {
	char str[110];
	scanf("%s", str);
	str[strlen(str) - 8] = 0;
	puts(str);
	return 0;
}

#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
#define ll long long int
#define rep(i,n) for( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )
#define rrep(i,n) for( int i = n; i >= 0; i-- )
#define REP(i,s,t) for( int i = s; i <= t; i++ )
#define RREP(i,s,t) for( int i = s; i >= t; i-- )
#define dump(x)  cerr << #x << " = " << (x) << endl;
#define INF 2000000000
#define mod 1000000007
#define INF2 1000000000000000000

int main(void)
{
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int R; cin >> R;
    if( R < 1200) cout << "ABC" << endl;
    else if (R < 2800) cout << "ARC" << endl;
    else cout << "AGC" << endl;

    return 0;
}


#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

// Acknowledgement: Special thanks to kyomukyomupurin, who developed this
// template.
template <class T, class U>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::pair<T, U>& p) {
  return os << '(' << p.first << ", " << p.second << ')';
}

template <class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& vec) {
  int n = 0;
  for (auto e : vec) os << (n++ ? ", " : "{") << e;
  return os << (n ? "}" : "{}");
}

template <class T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::set<T>& st) {
  int n = 0;
  for (auto e : st) os << (n++ ? ", " : "{") << e;
  return os << (n ? "}" : "{}");
}

template <class T, class U>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::map<T, U>& mp) {
  int n = 0;
  for (auto e : mp) os << (n++ ? ", " : "{") << e;
  return os << (n ? "}" : "{}");
}

template <class T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, std::vector<T>& vec) {
  for (T& e : vec) is >> e;
  return is;
}

#ifdef LOCAL
#define debug(...) \
  std::cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]: ", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...)
#endif

void debug_out() { std::cerr << '\n'; }

template <class Head, class... Tail>
void debug_out(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  std::cerr << head;
  if (sizeof...(Tail) != 0) std::cerr << ", ";
  debug_out(std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}
using namespace std;
using int64 = long long;

int main() {
  string X;
  cin >> X;
  int X_size = X.size();
  int delete_num = 0;
  int S_left_num = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < X_size; i++) {
    if (X[i] == 'S')
      S_left_num++;
    else {
      if (S_left_num) {
        S_left_num--;
        delete_num += 2;
      }
    }
  }
  cout << X_size - delete_num << endl;
  return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string a;
	cin>>a;
	int tmp=a.find("ST");
	while(a.length()>0&&tmp>=0)
	{
		a.erase(tmp,2);
		int x=max(tmp-1,0);
		tmp=a.find("ST",x);
		if(tmp==string::npos&&(a[tmp]!='S'||a[tmp+1]!='T'))
			tmp=-1;
	}
	cout<<a.length()<<endl;
	return 0;
}


#include<bits/stdc++.h>

int main(){
    using namespace std;
    unsigned long N;
    cin >> N;
    unsigned long ans{~0UL};
    for(unsigned long i{0}, pa{~0UL}, a; i < N; ++i){
        cin >> a;
        if(pa + 1 < a)return 0 & puts("-1");
        if(pa + 1 == a)++ans;
        else ans += a;
        pa = a;
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// boost
#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
using boost::multiprecision::cpp_int;

using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;

using vi = vector<int>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vvll = vector<vll>;
using vb = vector<bool>;
using vs = vector<string>;
using vld = vector<ld>;
using vvld = vector<vld>;

typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

#define bit(n) (1LL << (n))

//#define int long long

#define all(v) v.begin(), v.end()

#define rep(i, n) for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define REP(i, n) for (ll i = 1; i < n; i++)

#define FOR(i, a, b) for (ll i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define FORm(i, m) for (auto i = m.begin(); i != m.end(); i++)

template <class T>
inline void chmax(T& a, T b) {
  a = std::max(a, b);
}
template <class T>
inline void chmin(T& a, T b) {
  a = std::min(a, b);
}

#define mod (ll)(1e9 + 7)
// #define mod (998244353ll)

const long long INF = 1LL << 60;

signed main() {
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cout << fixed << setprecision(20);

  ll n;
  cin >> n;
  vll a(n);
  rep(i, n) cin >> a[i];

  if (a[0] != 0) {
    cout << -1 << endl;
    return 0;
  }

  REP(i, n) {
    if (a[i] >= a[i - 1] + 2) {
      cout << -1 << endl;
      return 0;
    }
  }

  ll ans = a[n - 1];
  for (int i = n - 2; i > 0; i--) {
    if (a[i] != a[i + 1] - 1) {
      ans += a[i];
    }
  }

  cout << ans << endl;

  return 0;
}


#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int N = 0, M = 0;
int points[1001];
int scores[1002001];

bool check(int a, int c){
    if(a >= (N + 2) * (N + 1) / 2 - 1){
        return true;
    }
    return (scores[a] <= c && scores[a + 1] > c);
}

int search2(int a, int b, int c){
    int pib = a + b - b / 2;
    if(check(pib, c)){
        return pib;
    }else if(scores[pib] < c){
        return search2(pib, b / 2, c);
    }else{
        return search2(a, b / 2, c);
    }
}

int main(){
    for(;;){
        for(int i = 0; i < 1001; i++){
            points[i] = 0;
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < 1002001; i++){
            scores[i] = 0;
        }
        if(cin >> N){
            if(N == 0){
                break;
            }
            cin >> M;
            for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++){
                cin >> points[i];
            }
            for(int i = 0; i <= N; i++){
                for(int j = i; j <= N; j++){
                    scores[(2 * N - i + 1) * i / 2 + j] = points[i] + points[j];
                }
            }
            int mxsco = 0;
            sort(scores, scores + ((N + 2) * (N + 1)) / 2);
            for(int i = 0; i < (N + 2) * (N + 1) / 2; i++){
                if(scores[i] > M){
                    break;
                }
                int nosco = scores[i] + scores[search2(0, (N + 2) * (N + 1) / 2, M - scores[i])];
                if(nosco >= mxsco &&  nosco <= M){
                    mxsco = nosco;
                }
            }
            cout << mxsco << endl;
        }else{
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#define REP(i, n) for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
#define REPR(i, n) for(int i = n;i >= 0;i--)
#define FOR(i, m, n) for(int i = m;i < n;i++)
#define FORR(i, m, n) for(int i = m;i >= n;i--)
#define SORT(v, n) sort(v, v+n);
#define VSORT(v) sort(v.begin(), v.end());
#define llong long long
#define pb(a) push_back(a)
#define INF 999999999
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;

int dy[]={0, 0, 1, -1};
int dx[]={1, -1, 0, 0};

int n;
llong m;

int main(){
	while(1){
		scanf("%d%lld", &n, &m);
		if(n==0 && m==0) return 0;
		n++;
		vector<llong> p(n);
		p[0]=0;
		FOR(i, 1, n) scanf("%lld", &p[i]);
		VSORT(p);
		int size=0;
		vector<llong> v;
		REP(i, n){
			REP(j, n){
				v.push_back(p[i]+p[j]);
			}
		}
		VSORT(v);
		llong ans=0;
		REP(i, v.size()){
			int rem=m-v[i];
			if(rem < 0) continue;
			int l=0, r=v.size();

			while(l<r){
				int mid=(l+r)/2;
				if(rem>v[mid]){
					l=mid+1;
				}
				else if(rem<v[mid]){
					r=mid;
				}
				else {
					break;
				}
			}

			ans = max(ans, v[i]+v[r-1]);
		}

		printf("%d\n",ans);
	}
}


Clinical features of culture-proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective chart review describes the epidemiology and clinical features of 40 patients with culture-proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Patients with positive M. pneumoniae cultures from respiratory specimens from January 1997 through December 1998 were identified through the Microbiology records. Charts of patients were reviewed. RESULTS: 40 patients were identified, 33 (82.5%) of whom required admission. Most infections (92.5%) were community-acquired. The infection affected all age groups but was most common in infants (32.5%) and pre-school children (22.5%). It occurred year-round but was most common in the fall (35%) and spring (30%). More than three-quarters of patients (77.5%) had comorbidities. Twenty-four isolates (60%) were associated with pneumonia, 14 (35%) with upper respiratory tract infections, and 2 (5%) with bronchiolitis. Cough (82.5%), fever (75%), and malaise (58.8%) were the most common symptoms, and crepitations (60%), and wheezes (40%) were the most common signs. Most patients with pneumonia had crepitations (79.2%) but only 25% had bronchial breathing. Immunocompromised patients were more likely than non-immunocompromised patients to present with pneumonia (8/9 versus 16/31, P = 0.05). Of the 24 patients with pneumonia, 14 (58.3%) had uneventful recovery, 4 (16.7%) recovered following some complications, 3 (12.5%) died because of M pneumoniae infection, and 3 (12.5%) died due to underlying comorbidities. The 3 patients who died of M pneumoniae pneumonia had other comorbidities. CONCLUSION: our results were similar to published data except for the finding that infections were more common in infants and preschool children and that the mortality rate of pneumonia in patients with comorbidities was high.


Surfactant protein-D and pulmonary host defense

Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) participates in the innate response to inhaled microorganisms and organic antigens, and contributes to immune and inflammatory regulation within the lung. SP-D is synthesized and secreted by alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, but is also expressed by epithelial cells lining various exocrine ducts and the mucosa of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. SP-D, a collagenous calcium-dependent lectin (or collectin), binds to surface glycoconjugates expressed by a wide variety of microorganisms, and to oligosaccharides associated with the surface of various complex organic antigens. SP-D also specifically interacts with glycoconjugates and other molecules expressed on the surface of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. In addition, SP-D binds to specific surfactant-associated lipids and can influence the organization of lipid mixtures containing phosphatidylinositol in vitro. Consistent with these diverse in vitro activities is the observation that SP-D-deficient transgenic mice show abnormal accumulations of surfactant lipids, and respond abnormally to challenge with respiratory viruses and bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The phenotype of macrophages isolated from the lungs of SP-D-deficient mice is altered, and there is circumstantial evidence that abnormal oxidant metabolism and/or increased metalloproteinase expression contributes to the development of emphysema. The expression of SP-D is increased in response to many forms of lung injury, and deficient accumulation of appropriately oligomerized SP-D might contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of human lung diseases.


Role of endothelin-1 in lung disease

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21 amino acid peptide with diverse biological activity that has been implicated in numerous diseases. ET-1 is a potent mitogen regulator of smooth muscle tone, and inflammatory mediator that may play a key role in diseases of the airways, pulmonary circulation, and inflammatory lung diseases, both acute and chronic. This review will focus on the biology of ET-1 and its role in lung disease.


Gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) are viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. The respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely understood. Here we review our current understanding of these mucosal responses and discuss several genomic approaches, including differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene array strategies, that will permit us to unravel the nature of these responses in a more complete and systematic manner.


Debate: Transfusing to normal haemoglobin levels will not improve outcome

Recent evidence suggests that critically ill patients are able to tolerate lower levels of haemoglobin than was previously believed. It is our goal to show that transfusing to a level of 100 g/l does not improve mortality and other clinically important outcomes in a critical care setting. Although many questions remain, many laboratory and clinical studies, including a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), have established that transfusing to normal haemoglobin concentrations does not improve organ failure and mortality in the critically ill patient. In addition, a restrictive transfusion strategy will reduce exposure to allogeneic transfusions, result in more efficient use of red blood cells (RBCs), save blood overall, and decrease health care costs.


The 21st International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Brussels, Belgium, 20-23 March 2001

The 21st International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine was dominated by the results of recent clinical trials in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The promise of extracorporeal liver replacement therapy and noninvasive ventilation were other areas of interest. Ethical issues also received attention. Overall, the 'state of the art' lectures, pro/con debates, seminars and tutorials were of a high standard. The meeting was marked by a sense of renewed enthusiasm that positive progress is occurring in intensive care medicine.


Following a Qualifying Transaction, Certificates issued for Shares and Warrant Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof) except for the legend set forth in Section 2.4(c), if applicable: (i) while a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such Shares and Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144, or (iii) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission).


Grantor shall pay promptly when due all premiums for such insurance and deliver to the Bank, upon request, receipts showing such payment.


No Grantor will change its name, organizational identification number, jurisdiction of organization or organizational identity; provided, that any Grantor may change its name upon at least 10 days prior written notice to Agent of such change.


Any such attempt at assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition shall be without effect, except that the Company may treat such act as an election to withdraw from the Plan in accordance with Section 10 hereof.


The Executive may voluntarily terminate her employment for any reason and such termination shall take effect 30 days after the receipt by Company of the Notice of Termination.


Payments to Tatum should be made within 30 days of receipt of invoice by electronic transfer in accordance with the instructions set forth below or such alternative instructions as provided by Tatum from time to time.


Therefore, Licensee shall pay to Licensor an additional One Hundred Seventy Nine Thousand One hundred Thirty-one Dollars ($179,131) pursuant to the terms listed in Schedule 2 , attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein.


Q:

Blocked from editing DataGridView record

Is it possible to block duplicate records, but also edit a selected record?

I am working on something similar to this.

Example
When I have numerous records and I update the 2nd or 3rd one, I expect a warning whenever I try to use the first record's ID; that is working nicely.

However, whenever I try to edit the first record's name, city, etc, the duplicate ID error pops up, since I did not alter the ID; it is counting itself as a duplicate.

I tried using breakpoints, but I am not seeing anything of interest.

private void btnUpdate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (dgvProfiles.

Count <= 0)
        {
            MessageBox.

Show("No record was selected to update.");

        }

        else {
            for (int row = 0; row < dgvProfiles.

Count; row++)
            {
                for (int col = 0; col < dgvProfiles.

Count; col++)
                {
                    if (dgvProfiles.

= null &&
                      dgvProfiles.

Trim()))
                    {
                        MessageBox.

                        return;
                    }

                    else if (dgvProfiles.

                        return;

                    }
                }
            }
            DataGridViewRow newDataRow = dgvProfiles.

Cells[0].Value = txtID.Text;
            newDataRow.

Text;

        }
    }

A:

Trying using the Validation events.

And if you bind your DataGridView to a DataSet it will be easier to walk the values in the DataSet to find duplicates.


Brominated anisoles and cresols in the red alga Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa.

The red marine alga Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa was extracted by a simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction technique and several brominated compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The compounds detected were 2,4-dibromoanisole, 2,4,6-tribromoanisole, 3-bromocresol, 3,5-dibromocresol, 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol.

This is the first time brominated anisoles and cresols have been detected in marine algae.


I just wanted to let my SS know that the package arrived today (they shipped it hella fast, my god), and right in time before the hurricane too.

I'm gonna wait until the 31st to open it, so I'll be coming back to post pictures...unless my mysterious Santa wants me to open it now.

I'm already looking forward to it a lot(four weeks to go...bummer).

I must say, Santa, you've really set the bar.

Thank you so much for making my first exchange a memorable one!


The Controllers Office

Mixed Media 23 x 31 cm

Friday the 13th would appear to be living up to its reputation, judging by the controller's chalk board with its list of delays etc.

Has the railwayman at the door arrived to announce further bad news or has someone found the missing 1.13pm Bradforde Longflap railcar, one wonders?

Not particularly efficient at operating trains, the Portersfoote Bunting Light Railway also has a problem in the paperwork department, although the chief clerk is something of an expert when it comes to the Whimshire Gazette crossword.

The fact that only one of the battery of timepieces seems to be functioning need not worry one unduly, however, since the area served by the railway has always ignored GMT preferring local time, as governed by the church clock which is clearly visible from the station platform.


Entire Apt: Spacious Studio/Loft by central park


Large Cozy 1 BR Apartment In Midtown East


Billionaire hedge fund pioneer Leon Cooperman told CNBC on Tuesday the insider charges against him are "totally unjustified," and the amount of money the government is wasting prosecuting his firm is "shocking." "Information is not a crime. We deal in information. We call on companies," he said. "What I look for is insight, not insider information." in a "Squawk Box" interview, the Omega Advisors chairman and CEO said he has two jobs now: make money for his investors and convince a jury he's not guilty of the charges being brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission. "Thankfully, despite this mild distraction, we're doing well. Our Omega credit fund is up 13 [or] 14 percent this year. Our equity-only fund is up about 7 percent this year, which is in line with S&P. And our all-weather, do everything fund is up about 5 percent," Cooperman said. Omega has about $5.4 billion in assets under management, with what it says is a significant amount of personal general partner capital invested. Cooperman said he was encouraged to fight the government by fellow billionaire and Omega investor Ken Langone, co-founder of Home Depot. "[Ken Langone] called me up two [or] two and a half months ago ... and said look: 'I've known you for 40 years. I've been an investor with you for over a decade. I know what you stand for," Cooperman said. Cooperman recalled Langone claiming the best $30 million he ever spent was defending himself against then-New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer. Cooperman added that Langone also said: "'You've done nothing wrong. Don't give these guys a dime.'" Fighting the charges is going to cost "substantially more" than agreeing to a settlement, Cooperman said. "I could have settled ... for less than half what I give of what I give to charity annually." In statement released to CNBC before his appearance, Cooperman said he acted "appropriately and lawfully" and won't let his legacy be "destroyed unfairly." Last month, the Securities and Exchange Commission accused Cooperman of buying into Atlas Pipeline Partners ahead of a deal, allegedly using his status as one of its largest shareholders to acquire nonpublic information about an upcoming transaction. In his "Squawk Box" appearance, Cooperman also made the case for why he believes Donald Trump is not presidential, and argued for why he sees the stock market as fully valued.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||It will change the pitch.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||The pitch will change by the way she plucks it.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||The pitch would be low.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||The pitch will get high.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||Higher pitch.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||It would have a higher pitch.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||It would make a higher pitch.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||The pitch would be lower because it has less room to vibrate.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||The pitch would get higher.


Input: Darla tied one end of a string around a doorknob and held the other end in her hand. When she plucked the string (pulled and let go quickly) she heard a sound. How would the pitch change if Darla pulled the string tighter?||When the string is tighter, the pitch will be higher.||It would be lower.


Context: Wealth concentration is a theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities. According to this theory, those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth. Over time, wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society. Thomas Piketty in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century argues that the fundamental force for divergence is the usually greater return of capital (r) than economic growth (g), and that larger fortunes generate higher returns [pp. 384 Table 12.2, U.S. university endowment size vs. real annual rate of return]

Question: What do larger fortunes generate?

higher returns
higher returns
higher returns


Context: While many homes in the neighborhood date back to the 1930s or before, the neighborhood is also home to several public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development has also built small subdivisions of single-family homes in the area for purchase by low-income working families. There have been numerous attempts to revitalize the neighborhood, including the construction of a modern shopping center on the corner of Fresno and B streets, an aborted attempt to build luxury homes and a golf course on the western edge of the neighborhood, and some new section 8 apartments have been built along Church Ave west of Elm St. Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms both have large processing facilities in the neighborhood, and the stench from these (and other small industrial facilities) has long plagued area residents. The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport is also on the West Side. Due to its position on the edge of the city and years of neglect by developers, is not a true "inner-city" neighborhood, and there are many vacant lots, strawberry fields and vineyards throughout the neighborhood. The neighborhood has very little retail activity, aside from the area near Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway (Kearney Palm Shopping Center, built in the late 1990s) and small corner markets scattered throughout.

Question: On what street was the golf course built?


Context: Funding for private schools is generally provided through student tuition, endowments, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals. Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments. Non-religious private schools theoretically could qualify for such funding without hassle, preferring the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status.

Question: What amendment to the United States Constitution governs government funding of religious schools?


Context: The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization limitations. It played a significant role in spreading awareness of, and access to, national networking and was a major milestone on the path to development of the global Internet.

Question: Why did academic and research institutions need NSF's help connecting to ARPANET?


Context: Immunodeficiencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly, with immune responses beginning to decline at around 50 years of age due to immunosenescence. In developed countries, obesity, alcoholism, and drug use are common causes of poor immune function. However, malnutrition is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries. Diets lacking sufficient protein are associated with impaired cell-mediated immunity, complement activity, phagocyte function, IgA antibody concentrations, and cytokine production. Additionally, the loss of the thymus at an early age through genetic mutation or surgical removal results in severe immunodeficiency and a high susceptibility to infection.

Question: What does the loss of the thymus at an early age prevent?


Context: Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning,[citation needed] design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use.

Question: What three things are recommended before construction begins?


Context: The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amending treaties were signed to complete the development of a single, internal market in the Single European Act 1986, to further the development of a more social Europe in the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997, and to make minor amendments to the relative power of member states in the EU institutions in the Treaty of Nice 2001 and the Treaty of Lisbon 2007. Since its establishment, more member states have joined through a series of accession treaties, from the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining), Greece in 1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994 (though again Norway failed to join, because of lack of support in the referendum), the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985 giving it a special status.

Question: What caused the need for principal Treaties that ended up forming the EU?


iter_archive on zipfiles with better compression type check

Hello @lhoestq , thank you for your detailed answer on previous PR !
I made this new PR because I misused git on the previous one #3347.
Related issue #3272.

# Comments  :

* For extension check I used the `_get_extraction_protocol` function in **download_manager.py** with a slight change and called it `_get_extraction_protocol_local`:

**I removed this part :**
 ```python
    elif path.endswith(".tar.gz") or path.endswith(".tgz"):
        raise NotImplementedError(
            f"Extraction protocol for TAR archives like '{urlpath}' is not implemented in streaming mode. Please use `dl_manager.iter_archive` instead."
        )
```
**And also changed :**
```diff
- extension = path.split(".")[-1]
+ extension = "tar" if path.endswith(".tar.gz") else path.split(".")[-1]
```
The reason for this is a compression like **.tar.gz** will be considered a **.gz** which is handled with **zipfile**, though **tar.gz** can only be opened using **tarfile**.

Please tell me if there's anything to change.

# Tasks :
- [x] download_manager.py
- [x] streaming_download_manager.py


Add The Pile subsets

Add The Pile subsets:
- pubmed
- ubuntu_irc
- europarl
- hacker_news
- nih_exporter

Close bigscience-workshop/data_tooling#301.


Update clue benchmark

Fix #3374


Support streaming zipped dataset repo by passing only repo name

Fix #3373.


NonMatchingChecksumError for the CLUE:cluewsc2020, chid, c3 and tnews

Seems like the issue still exists,:
`Downloading and preparing dataset clue/chid (download: 127.15 MiB, generated: 259.71 MiB, post-processed: Unknown size, total: 386.86 MiB) to /mnt/cache/tanhaochen/.cache/huggingface/datasets/clue/chid/1.0.0/e55b490cb7809dcd8db31b9a87119f2e2ec87cdc060da8a9ac070b070ca3e379...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/mnt/cache/tanhaochen/PromptCLUE/test_datasets.py", line 3, in <module>
    cluewsc2020 = datasets.load_dataset("clue","chid")
  File "/mnt/cache/tanhaochen/dependencies/datasets/src/datasets/load.py", line 1667, in load_dataset
    builder_instance.download_and_prepare(
  File "/mnt/cache/tanhaochen/dependencies/datasets/src/datasets/builder.py", line 593, in download_and_prepare
    self._download_and_prepare(
  File "/mnt/cache/tanhaochen/dependencies/datasets/src/datasets/builder.py", line 663, in _download_and_prepare
    verify_checksums(
  File "/mnt/cache/tanhaochen/dependencies/datasets/src/datasets/utils/info_utils.py", line 40, in verify_checksums
    raise NonMatchingChecksumError(error_msg + str(bad_urls))
datasets.utils.info_utils.NonMatchingChecksumError: Checksums didn't match for dataset source files:
['https://storage.googleapis.com/cluebenchmark/tasks/chid_public.zip']
`

Hi,

the fix hasn't been merged yet (it should be merged early next week).

Hi, it seems like there are updates in cluewsc2020, chid, c3 and tnews, since i could not load them due to the checksum error.


[SEO improvement] Add Dataset Metadata to make datasets indexable

enhancement

New feature or request

Some people who host datasets on github seem to include a table of metadata at the end of their README.md to make the dataset indexable by [Google Dataset Search](https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/) (See [here](https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/goemotions#dataset-metadata) and [here](https://github.com/cvdfoundation/google-landmark#dataset-metadata)). This could be a useful addition to canonical datasets; perhaps even community datasets.

I'll include a screenshot (as opposed to markdown) as an example so as not to have a github issue indexed as a dataset:

> ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/3664563/144496173-953428cf-633a-4571-b75b-f099c6b2ed65.png)

**_PS: It might very well be the case that this is already covered by some other markdown magic I'm not aware of._**


feat: add americas nli dataset

This PR adds the [Americas NLI](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08726) dataset, extension of XNLI to 10 low-resource indigenous languages spoken in the Americas: Ashaninka, Aymara, Bribri, Guarani, Nahuatl, Otomi, Quechua, Raramuri, Shipibo-Konibo, and Wixarika.

One odd thing (not sure) is that I had to set

`datasets-cli dummy_data ./datasets/americas_nli/ --auto_generate --n_lines 7500`

`n_lines` very large to successfully generate the dummy files for all the subsets. Happy to get some guidance here.

Otherwise, I hope everything is in order :)

e: missed a step, onto fixing the tests
e2: there you go -- hope it's ok to have added more languages with their ISO codes to `languages.json`, need those tests to pass :laughing:


I made my choice and you made yours
To stay behind like unseen ghosts
Till the end, till the end
No matter how and no matter where
Will have our last breathes to share
In the end, in the end
Its not easy, its not a simple thing
In silence we speak
In darkness we can see
Its not easy, its not a simple thing
To live on the bottom of the sea
(Ta-da-da, ta-da-da
Ta-da-da, ta-da-da-da)
What a strange feeling that is between us
When you meet someone or you just recognize
Thousand times, thousand lives
Something that maybe doesnt cost a thing
Or the one that is worth more than everything
To your heart, to my heart
Its not easy, its not a simple thing
In silence we speak
In darkness we can see
Its not easy, its not a simple thing
To live on the bottom of the sea
(Ta-da-da, ta-da-da
Ta-da-da)
(Ta-da-da, ta-da-da
Ta-da-da, ta-da-da)


I said I love you
On a cobblestone in New York
I guess
Some things could be lost in a mess
Like a prophet
I read the lines in your hand
I see the lies in you heart
And in your head
In your...
In your...
In your head
But I dont wanna get used to you
And I dont wanna be love infected
But I dont wanna get used to you
Cause its so complicated
You are so complicated
Complicated
Be my surrender
Be my reality
My sweetest angel
My enemy
Its easy to pretend
Sitting in this box with all the demons
So tell me what to do
Cause I dont wanna get...
And I dont wanna get used to you
And I dont wanna be love infected
But I dont wanna get used to you
Cause its so complicated
You are so complicated
Complicated
Complicated


So now you know it`s not freedom
It`s so easy to hide in a crowd
And all these people around
And my dirty old shoes
Being the best pretender
Homeless and wild
The gipsy queen
But I`m staying here, baby
Now sleep no more
Better change your way
Nothing matters
Gonna find another day
My blood aint warm as red sweater
There is no time to hide
Cold water washed you
But not me
Nothing to seek
Nothing to find
In the city of nothing
In the city of nothing
Nobodys laughing
In the city of nothing
In the city of nothing
Nobodys laughing
My honor stops me every time
My conscience tells me to be in armor
And all the homes look like mine
But there is no place for a miner
My heart of rock is cold and grey
I know too well at least one thing
You better change your way
I better stay in the city of nothing
In the city of nothing
In the city of nothing
Nobodys laughing
In the city of nothing
In the city of nothing
Nobodys laughing


fig1 shows an embodiment of a device 10 for cooling an object , which is specifically adapted for cooling a molded object on a mold core . in an application on a turret style molding machine , a plurality of these devices are arranged in a conditioning mold , the number of the devices being equal to the number of the cores of the mold half and the positioning being in accordance with the arrangement of the cores . the object shown in fig1 is a preform 12 for blow molding a plastic bottle . during the molding process , the preform 12 is molded on one of the mold cores 14 of a first mold half 16 , which is introduced in a mold cavity of a second mold half ( not shown ). after some cooling in the water - cooled second mold half , the first mold half is removed from the second mold half and rotated in a conditioning position of the turret . in this conditioning position , further cooling has to be performed in order to reduce the temperature of the preform to a value below its crystallization temperature . the preform is therefore introduced in a cooling device 10 for blowing a cooling fluid , e . g . compressed air , onto the outer surface of the preform . the device 10 comprises a cooling tube 18 , the inner dimension of which is larger than the outer dimension of the preform 12 . the cooling tube comprises several inner walls 20 , which extend inwards from an inner surface of the tube 18 . in the embodiment shown , the inner walls 20 extend radially inwards and end in the immediate vicinity of the outer surface of the object , so that a small gap is formed between the inner wall 20 and the surface of the preform . the inner walls can e . g . comprise annular washers 22 of a flexible material , which are arranged inside the cooling tube 18 by means of tubular inserts 24 . this arrangement provides a very high flexibility with respect to the spacing of the inner walls 20 . in fact , by using tubular inserts of different lengths , the distance between two inner walls 20 is easily adjustable . furthermore , the assembly of the cooling tube is very easy . at its lower end , the cooling tube preferably comprises an inwardly extending stop 26 . the first washer can thus be inserted from above into the tube until it abuts against this stop 26 . after inserting a first insert , the next washer can be inserted and so on . alternatively , the first piece to be inserted into the tube is an insert , which will then abut against the stop 26 . as shown in fig1 the arrangement of the washers and the inserts is such , that the overall length of the inserted parts is slightly higher than the length of the tube . when the tube 18 is connected to a cooling fluid supply e . g . by means of an upper outwardly extending flange 28 , the washers will be compressed and accordingly will be safely fitted between the inserts 24 . during operation , compressed air is supplied to the cooling tube 18 ( indicated by arrow 30 ), which will flow along the surface of the preform . due to the reduction of the area of the flow path in the region of the inner walls , the cooling fluid squeezes between the inner walls 20 and the surface of the preform and accordingly it speeds up . after passing between the inner wall 20 and the surface of the preform , the cooling fluid enters the turbulence chamber formed between to of the inner walls , where it expands and accordingly slows down . it follows that the flow of cooling fluid is highly turbulent along the surface of the preform , so that the heat exchange between the cooling fluid and the preform is very high . by varying the number of inner walls 20 and adapting the space between two walls within certain limits , this heat exchange can be further increased so that the average cooling effect is increased . this principle is shown in fig3 and 4 . both figures show the variation of the cooling effect over the length of the preform , i . e . a representation of the cooling effect vs . position on the preform . while fig3 represents the situation with a reduced number of walls arranged at high distance , fig4 shows the situation in an embodiment having an increased number of walls , which are arranged close together . an embodiment of a device for cooling a preform in a carrying plate on conventional molding machines is shown in fig2 . this device 40 is suitable for cooling an inner surface of a cavity of the preform 12 . it generally comprises a blowing tube 42 , which can be connected at its lower end to a cooling fluid supply . at its upper end , the blowing tube comprises an outlet 44 for a cooling fluid supplied by the cooling fluid supply . in operation , the blowing tube 42 is at least partially inserted into a cavity 46 of the preform for blowing the fluid into the cavity 46 of the preform 12 . the cooling fluid then flows from the outlet 44 arranged at the inner end of the cavity 46 along the inner surface of the cavity towards the opening of the preform ( indicated by arrows 48 and 50 ). the blowing tube 42 comprises a plurality of outwardly extending fins 52 , which are arranged downstream of said outlet on the outer surface of the blowing tube 42 . the fins 52 extend towards a surface of said cavity and end in the immediate vicinity of said surface . each fin 52 is preferably formed by an annular washer 54 fitted on an outer surface of said blowing tube . in the shown embodiment , the washers 54 are spaced by means of tubular bushings 56 . as described above , the washers may be spaced irregularly by means of bushings having different lengths . as can further be seen on fig2 the annular washers in the lower part of the preform have a larger outer diameter than the washers in the upper part of the cavity for compensation a difference in the diameter of the cavity 46 . it has to be noted that the principle explained with respect to fig3 and 4 also applies for the device for cooling of fig2 .

a device for temperature adjustment of an object generally comprises means for providing a flow of a conditioning fluid , said flow of conditioning fluid being directed along a surface of said object , and at least one fin directed towards said surface of said object . the at least one fin is arranged in the immediate vicinity of said surface of said object so that an edge of said fin extends substantially normally with respect to said flow of said conditioning fluid , said conditioning fluid passing between said surface of said object and said edge of said fin .


fig2 shows table saw 11 with a presentation device 31 according to the present invention , engaged with a conventional miter device 17 having a support surface 10 . the miter device is guided in groove 13 and used to position a first frame piece 33 to cut an angle for joining to a second piece not shown in fig2 . in fig2 miter 17 is set so support surface 10 is oriented nominally 90 degrees with the direction of grooves 13 and 15 . device 31 is molded from high impact plastic , and has an angle a 7 of 45 degrees for this example . device 31 in this embodiment also has a &# 34 ; foot &# 34 ; extension 32 , provided to engage an edge of the rotatable element of the miter so pressure applied by the sawblade will not tend to displace the device or cause it to slide along surface 10 . the molded foot is a convenient means of engagement to the miter table . for purposes of description , the angle a 7 hereinafter called the presentation angle . since it is very difficult to set the miter angle to exactly 90 degrees relative to the groove , for the purpose of this example miter 17 is assumed to be off by 1 degree counterclockwise , making angle a 5 46 degrees . by sliding miter 17 in groove 13 , the saw blade makes a cut along dotted line 35 such that angle a 6 is also 46 degrees , the same as angle a 5 . angle a 5 and angle a 6 may be shown to be equal by the principles of plane geometry . fig3 is a plan view of table saw 11 after cutting first piece 33 according to fig2 . in fig3 miter 17 has been moved to groove 15 without resetting the miter , which is therefore still rotated so surface 10 is still 1 degree counterclockwise from horizontal . device 31 is &# 34 ; flipped over &# 34 ; horizontally , with angle a 7 ( 45 degrees ) still at the edge of the miter table closer to the sawblade . since the miter is still set as in fig2 that is , with surface 10 1 degree counterclockwise from horizontal , angle a 9 is 44 degrees . with a second frame piece 35 held in place against surface 10 , miter 17 is moved along groove 15 , and the saw blade cuts piece 35 along dotted line 37 , providing angle a 8 the same as angle a 9 , that is 44 degrees . in this example , two pieces have been cut , the first with an angle of 46 degrees , and the second with an angle of 44 degrees . when these two pieces are joined to make a corner , the corner angle will be the sum of the angles cut on each of the pieces , or precisely 90 degrees . the use of device 31 of the invention , together with moving the miter to the guide groove on the opposite side of the saw blade and flipping device 31 180 degrees , as shown in fig3 results in the second piece being cut on an angle such that any error in setting the miter angle , while subtracting from the angle cut on a first piece , adds the same amount to the angle cut on the second piece , if the device of the invention is used as described . the result being that when the two pieces are joined , any error in setting the miter angle is canceled . those skilled in the art of using mitre equipment will understand that as a practical matter for a closed polygon , all cuts of one kind are made before the complementary angles are cut . so for a square having an angle of 45 degrees on the ends of each piece as in the example above , all four sides will be cut first at one angle , and then the mitre will be moved to the other groove and the device flipped over for the cuts on the opposite ends of each piece . the presentation angle for device 31 need not be 45 degrees . fig4 a , 4b , and 4c show presentation devices according to the present invention with presentation angles a p of 45 degrees , 30 degrees , and 22 . 5 degrees respectively . fig5 a , 5b , and 5c show structures constructed from frame pieces having end angles cut on a table saw using a miter and a presentation device according to the present invention . in each of fig5 a , 5b , and 5c , one corner angle is indicated as a c . all of the corner angles in any one of the fig5 a , 5b , and 5c are substantially equal . fig5 a shows a square construction in which the corners each form angles , such as angle a c , of 90 degrees , twice the complement of the presentation angle of the presentation device of fig4 a . the complement of an angle being the difference between the angle and 90 degrees . the construction of fig5 a may be made using the presentation device of fig4 a and the method described above , and any error or discrepancy in the setting of the miter device will be compensated . the six - sided construction of fig5 b has corner angles a c of 120 degrees , which is twice the complement of the presentation angle a p of the presentation device of fig4 b . the construction of fig5 b may be made with the device of fig4 b and the method described , compensating for any error or discrepancy in setting the miter device . similarly , the construction of fig5 c may be made with the presentation device of fig4 c , providing corner angles of twice the complement of the presentation angle of the device of fig4 c . fig6 a is a plan view showing a device 37 according to the invention comprising a triangular structure 38 with a foot element 39 , preferably molded from a high impact plastic material , and an adjustable slide stop assembly 39 comprising a slide 41 for positioning a piece to be cut against the device . the slide stop feature provides for repeatability in length of frame pieces cut using the device of the invention . device 37 has a dimension d1 of about 15 cm . and a presentation angle a p of 30 degrees for the purpose of this example , but other sizes might be preferable in alternative embodiments , and the presentation angle could be any convenient angle , just as in examples above without an adjustable slide stop . also , device 37 is constructed so it may be flipped over and used with the apex of the presentation angle pointing in the opposite direction to that shown in fig6 a . fig6 b is a section view of one leg of device 37 taken along section line 6b -- 6b , showing an h - shaped cross section having an inside vertical portion 43 , a middle portion 45 , and an outside vertical portion 47 . slide 41 ( fig6 a ) comprises a front surface 49 against which a piece to be cut is urged , and a dependent structure 51 having a clearance opening ( not shown ) for a threaded rod 53 . rod 53 is engaged in threaded structures 55 and 57 and urges against a surface 59 of molded structure 38 . threaded rod 53 , firmly engaged in molded structure 38 , passes through dependent structure 51 of slide 41 , and two threaded nuts 61 and 63 , one on each side of dependent structure 51 , provide adjustment for the position of stop surface 49 along the hypotenuse side of structure 38 . fig6 c is a section view taken along section line 6c -- 6c of fig6 a , and shows the shape of stop surface 49 relative to structure 38 . structure 38 has the same h - shaped cross section on the hypotenuse side as shown in fig6 b , having an outside vertical portion 65 , an inside vertical portion 69 , and a middle portion 67 . the overall height of the h - shape , d2 , is about 1 . 6 cm . portion 65 is the side of the triangular structure against which stop surface 49 is positioned , and for the length of the side through which stop surface 49 may be positioned , the height of portion 65 is about 10 cm . ( d3 ) instead of the full 15 cm . of other parts of the structure . this shorter height forms a recessed region from point 71 to point 73 ( fig6 a ). stop surface 49 has a depending portion 75 which fits into the recessed region formed between points 71 and 73 , accomplishing two purposes . the engagement of portion 75 helps to guide the slide and constrain its sideways movement , and also prevents any piece to be cut from encroaching under the slide between the slide and side 65 . fig6 d is an isometric view of a portion of the hypotenuse side of structure 38 in the area of threaded structures 55 and 57 , magnified to better illustrate how threads are provided in structure 38 for engagement of threaded rod 53 . in the length of side 65 where threaded rod 53 engages , there is no middle portion 67 to the structure . surface 59 , against which the threaded rod is urged in assembly , is the end of middle portion 67 on this side . threaded structure 57 comprises two offset bridge elements 77 and 79 . element 79 has a semicircular opening 81 with molded threads facing toward the center of the opening , and element 77 has a similar opening 83 with molded threads facing the opposite direction . threaded structure 55 , spaced apart from structure 57 by distance d4 , in this embodiment about 2 cm ., has two similarly offset bridge elements 85 and 87 , also having molded threads . two threaded structures , each with offset bridge elements having molded threads provides a secure threaded engagement for threaded rod 53 , and the structures and threads can be provided in molded structure 38 entirely in a single split - mold step , without any additional machining or tapping required . it will be apparent to one with skill in the art that there are number of different ways that the present invention might be implemented without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention . for example , the foot designed as a part of the presentation device of the invention is not required for the invention , but is a unique feature that adds to its utility . the device could be used , and the method could be used , without the foot . the same is true of the adjustable slide stop . as another example , the presentation device could be made from a number of different materials , and could be implemented in a number of different ways , other than in molded plastic as described above . it will also be apparent to one with skill in the art that there are a variety of ways that the device and the method of the invention might be used without limitation to the specific examples given , using a conventional table saw with a conventional miter guide . there are other shaping devices which might be used rather than a table saw , such as a milling machine , shapers , and a radial arm saw . in the case of a radial arm saw , an adjustable miter would be used without the guide for moving the miter along a groove relative to the saw blade . in this case , the saw blade is movable relative to the miter to accomplish a cut , but the invention works substantially as described with the exception that the saw is moved rather than the workpiece . the device and method of the invention is applicable to many situations of shaping construction pieces , wherein a similar guide might be used , with either the cutting means or the guide means being movable .

a system for constructing mitered corners on a table saw having a rotatable adjustable miter guide slidable in a groove on either side of a saw blade comprises a presentation device having two surfaces meeting at a fixed angle . any error in setting the angle of the miter device is canceled by placing the presentation device between the first piece to be cut and the miter guide while cutting the first piece , then moving the miter guide to the opposite groove without resetting the miter angle and reversing the presentation device between the second piece to be cut and the miter guide . in a preferred embodiment the presentation device has an engagement mechanism for engaging the miter guide and an adjustable slide stop for determining the cut length of a piece of material .


referring now to the drawings , and particularly to fig1 - 6 , a preferred embodiment of the razor wire dispensing and retrieving apparatus of the present invention is shown and generally designated by the reference numeral 10 . in fig1 , a new and improved razor wire dispensing and retrieving apparatus 10 of the present invention for efficiently and safely dispensing razor wire along a perimeter is illustrated and will be described . more particularly , the apparatus 10 has a symmetrically shaped frame 12 that functions as the apparatus &# 39 ; main body and support . as illustrated in fig2 , the frame 12 comprises a top side 14 , a bottom side 16 , a left side 18 , and a right side 22 . a front face 19 and a back face 20 further define the left side 18 . similarly , a front face 23 and a back face 24 further define the right side 22 . a center bar 26 is centrally placed between the frame &# 39 ; s left 18 and right 22 sides and attached to the frame &# 39 ; s top 14 and bottom 16 sides . a front face 27 and a back face 28 further define the center bar 26 . a slot 30 protrudes through the frame &# 39 ; s left side 18 , extending from the left side &# 39 ; s front face 19 to the left side &# 39 ; s back face 20 . moreover , the slot 30 extends along the left side 18 , from near the frame &# 39 ; s top side 14 to near the frame &# 39 ; s bottom side 16 . similarly , a slot 30 protrudes through the frame &# 39 ; s right side 22 , extending from the right side &# 39 ; s front face 23 to the right side &# 39 ; s back face 24 . the right side &# 39 ; s slot 30 extends along the right side 22 , from near the frame &# 39 ; s top side 14 to near the frame &# 39 ; s bottom side 16 . finally , a slot 30 protrudes through the center bar 26 , extending from the center bar &# 39 ; s front face 27 to the center bar &# 39 ; s back face 28 . the center bar &# 39 ; s slot 30 extends along the center bar 26 , from near the frame &# 39 ; s top side 14 to near the frame &# 39 ; s bottom side 16 . the wire dispensing and retrieving apparatus 10 further comprises a spreader 32 . as shown in fig3 , the spreader 32 has a base plate 34 , a first rod 36 , a second rod 38 , a v - shaped rod 40 , and a bolt 42 . the first rod 36 extends perpendicularly from the spreader &# 39 ; s base plate 34 . similarly , the second rod 38 extends perpendicularly from the spreader &# 39 ; s base plate 34 . the second rod 38 runs parallel to the first rod 36 . a v - shape rod 40 is attached to the first rod 36 opposite the base plate 34 . furthermore , the v - shaped rod 40 is attached to the second rod 38 opposite the base plate 34 . the spreader &# 39 ; s bolt 42 extends perpendicularly from the base plate 34 opposite the first 36 and second 38 rods . a set of threads 44 further defines the spreader &# 39 ; s bolt 42 . the razor wire dispensing and retrieving apparatus 10 further comprises a hanger 44 . fig4 illustrates the apparatus &# 39 ; hanger 44 . the hanger 44 has a base plate 46 , a boom 48 , a support bar 50 , and a bolt 52 . the boom 46 extends perpendicularly from the base plate 46 . the support bar 50 extends at an angle from the base plate 46 and attaches to the boom 48 opposite the base plate 46 . the hanger &# 39 ; s bolt 52 extends perpendicularly from the base plate 46 opposite the boom 48 and support bar 50 . a set of threads 54 further defines the hanger &# 39 ; s bolt 52 . a set of clamps 56 and wing nuts 60 are used to attach the spreader 32 and hanger 44 to the apparatus &# 39 ; frame 12 . fig6 illustrates the apparatus &# 39 ; clamps 56 and wing nuts 60 . a bolt receptacle 58 extends through the center of the clamp 56 . similarly , a bolt receptacle 62 extends through the center of the wing nut 60 . moreover , the clamp &# 39 ; s bolt receptacle 58 and the wing nut &# 39 ; s bolt receptacle 62 are sized and shaped to receive both the spreader &# 39 ; s bolt 42 and the hanger &# 39 ; s bolt 52 . the wing nut &# 39 ; s bolt receptacle 62 is threaded to receive the spreader bolt &# 39 ; s threads 44 and the hanger bolt &# 39 ; s threads 54 . similarly , the slots 30 in the frames &# 39 ; left side 18 , right side 22 , and center bar 26 are sized and shaped to receive both the spreader &# 39 ; s bolt 42 and the hanger &# 39 ; s bolt 52 . the apparatus 10 further comprises an extension receiver 64 that has a base plate 66 , a left side 68 , and a right side 70 . fig5 illustrates the apparatus &# 39 ; extension receiver 64 . moreover , the extension receiver 64 defines a pin receptacle 72 that extends from its left side 68 through to its right side 70 . the extension receiver 64 is attached near the bottom of the frame 12 opposite the spreader 32 and hanger 44 . in addition to the extension receiver 64 , the apparatus 10 has an extension bar 74 . fig1 illustrates the apparatus &# 39 ; extension bar . the extension bar has a first end 76 and a second end 78 . the extension bar &# 39 ; s first end 76 has a pin receptacle 80 extending horizontally there through . the extension bar &# 39 ; s pin receptacle 80 is shaped and sized to receive a rod - shaped pin 84 . similarly , the extension receiver &# 39 ; s pin receptacle 72 is shaped and sized to receive the pin 84 . furthermore , the extension bar &# 39 ; s second end 78 has a bolt receptacle 82 extending horizontally there through . as shown in fig1 , the razor wire dispensing and receiving apparatus 10 further comprises a winch frame 86 . moreover , the winch frame 86 has a first end 88 and a second end 90 . the winch frame &# 39 ; s first end 88 is removably attached to the extension bar 74 . more specifically , the winch frame 86 extends vertically from the extension bar 74 . a winch 92 is attached to the winch frame &# 39 ; s second end 90 . additionally , the apparatus 10 has a cord 94 with a first end 96 and a second end 98 . the cord &# 39 ; s first end 96 is attached to the winch 92 in a manner permitting the cord 94 to be wound and unwound from the winch 92 . the cord &# 39 ; s second end is attached to the frame &# 39 ; s top side 14 . as described , the apparatus 10 may be set up to simultaneously dispense , retrieve , or transport up to three rolls of razor wire , or concertina wire . a spreader 32 is attached to the frame 12 by sliding the spreader &# 39 ; s bolt 42 through the slot 30 in either the left side 18 , right side 22 , or center bar 26 . additionally , the spreader &# 39 ; s 32 height may be adjusted by sliding it up or down in the slot 30 . the spreader 32 is secured to the frame 12 by sliding the clamp &# 39 ; s bolt receptacle 58 over the spreader &# 39 ; s bolt 42 and fixing the mouth of the clamp 56 onto the frame 12 . next , the wing nut 60 is threaded onto the spreader bolt &# 39 ; s threads 44 . the hanger 44 is attached to the frame 12 in a similar fashion . thus , the apparatus &# 39 ; frame 12 will support three sets of spreaders 32 and hangers 44 . by adjusting the spreader 32 and hanger 44 positions in the slots , the apparatus 10 can be set up to work with different sizes of razor wire rolls . in addition to the apparatus &# 39 ; flexibility to be set up for different numbers and sizes of razor wire rolls , the apparatus &# 39 ; s extension receiver 64 permits it to be transported by a variety of vehicles . the apparatus &# 39 ; extension bar 74 attaches to the extension receiver 64 by aligning extension receiver &# 39 ; s pin receptacle 72 and the extension bar &# 39 ; s pin receptacle 80 then securing the parts with a pin 84 . in turn , the bolt receptacle 82 in the opposite end of the extension bar 74 may be attached to a variety of clamps , bolts , and other fastening devices . these fastening devices permit the extension bar &# 39 ; s second end 78 to be attached to a vehicle &# 39 ; s bumper , frame , or body . in addition , the extension receiver 64 may be directly attached to a variety of clamps , bolts , and other fastening devices . this permits the extension receiver 64 to be directly attached to a vehicles bumper , frame , or body . by using the extension bar 74 or the directly attaching the extension receiver 64 to a vehicle , the apparatus 10 has the flexibility to work with an endless number of vehicles , including tractors , backhoes , and military humvees . in use , rolls of razor wire , or concertina wire , are hung on the boom 48 . as rolls are hung on the boom 48 , the spreader &# 39 ; s v - rod 40 guides the insides of the rolls onto the spreader &# 39 ; s first and second extension rods 36 , 38 . once the wire is loaded on the boom 48 , one end of the wire is attached to a fixture in the ground to create a starting point for the wire perimeter . next , a vehicle is used to move the apparatus 10 as wire dispenses off the boom 48 . as the wire is pulled off the boom 48 , the first and second extension rod &# 39 ; s 36 , 38 maintain the roll &# 39 ; s shape so the wire does not tangle . in the wire dispensing position , the spreader 32 and hanger 44 are positioned parallel to the ground . in addition to dispensing wire , the apparatus 10 is designed to efficiently retrieve used wire . to place the apparatus 10 in the wire retrieving position , the winch 92 and cord 94 are manipulated to tilt the frame 12 so that the spreader 32 and hanger 44 angle toward the ground . as the winch 92 manipulates the frame 12 . the pin 84 securing the extension receiver 64 to the extension bar 74 permits the frame 12 to pivot in relation to the fixed extension bar 74 . this position permits the wire to slide up the boom 48 as a vehicle moves the apparatus 10 . the angled position is preferred because the wire does not have to be lifted onto the boom 48 . as the wire slides up the boom 48 , the spreader &# 39 ; s v - rod 40 guides the insides of the rolls onto the spreader &# 39 ; s first and second extension rods 36 , 38 . in turn , the first and second extension rod &# 39 ; s 36 , 38 maintain the wire &# 39 ; s shape as it is collected . once wire is loaded or collected on the hanger 44 , the apparatus 10 can be placed in the wire transport position to efficiently move the wire from one location to another . to place the apparatus 10 in the wire transport position , the winch 92 and cord 94 are manipulated to tilt the frame 12 so that the spreader 32 and hanger 44 angle toward the sky . this position permits the boom 48 to hold the wire as a vehicle moves the apparatus 10 . the angled position is preferred because the wire will not slide over the end of the boom 48 . during transport , the first and second extension rod &# 39 ; s 36 , 38 maintain the wire &# 39 ; s shape and aid the boom 48 in securing the wire . while a preferred embodiment of the fence dispensing apparatus has been described in detail , it should be apparent that modifications and variations thereto are possible , all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention . with respect to the above description then , it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention , to include variations in size , materials , shape , form , function and manner of operation , assembly and use , are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art , and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention . for example , different combinations of spreaders and hangers may be used to simultaneously deploy multiple rolls of razor wire . optionally , the winch may be replaced with a hydraulic or mechanical means of pivoting the apparatus &# 39 ; frame . in addition , different attachments may be connected to the apparatus &# 39 ; frame to permit use with a variety of vehicles . more specifically , the extension bar may be attached to a hitch , clamp , bolt , or similar attaching device . in turn , the apparatus may be hitched , clamped , bolted , or otherwise attached to the hitch receptacle , bumper , or another part of any vehicle . therefore , the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention . further , since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art , it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described , and accordingly , all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to , falling within the scope of the invention .

a razor wire dispensing and retrieving apparatus for installing razor wire along a perimeter to create a protective border and collecting the wire when the border is no longer desired . the razor wire dispensing and receiving apparatus essentially comprises a frame with a wire hanger and a wire spreader . the wire hanger and spreader function to permit efficient dispensing , retrieving , and transport of razor wire . moreover , the frame attaches to a variety of vehicles , including military vehicles . as the vehicle travels along a perimeter , the apparatus dispenses wire from the hanger while the spreader keeps the wire aligned . the apparatus also includes a means of pivoting the frame on a horizontal axis . pivoting the frame down from the dispensing position permits the apparatus to be used as a wire - retrieving device . in this position , the wire is loaded back onto the hanger as the spreader keeps the wire aligned . furthermore , pivoting the frame upward from the dispensing position permits the apparatus to be used as a wire - transporting device . the upward angle of the hanger created by pivoting the frame upward secures the wire for high - speed transportation .


Context: The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.

Question: Why were Northern Chinese ranked higher?


Context:
Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen. DC electricity must be used: if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen in the explosive ratio 2:1. Contrary to popular belief, the 2:1 ratio observed in the DC electrolysis of acidified water does not prove that the empirical formula of water is H2O unless certain assumptions are made about the molecular formulae of hydrogen and oxygen themselves. A similar method is the electrocatalytic O
2 evolution from oxides and oxoacids. Chemical catalysts can be used as well, such as in chemical oxygen generators or oxygen candles that are used as part of the life-support equipment on submarines, and are still part of standard equipment on commercial airliners in case of depressurization emergencies. Another air separation technology involves forcing air to dissolve through ceramic membranes based on zirconium dioxide by either high pressure or an electric current, to produce nearly pure O
2 gas.

Question: What other catalysts can be used to produce oxygen?


Context: In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which owned two radio networks that each ran different varieties of programming, NBC Blue and NBC Red. The NBC Blue Network was created in 1927 for the primary purpose of testing new programs on markets of lesser importance than those served by NBC Red, which served the major cities, and to test drama series.

Question: What kind of markets did NBC Red serve?


Context: The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. After the first landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar geological and astrophysical exploration. Budget cuts forced the cancellation of three of these. Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, which disabled the command spacecraft's propulsion and life support. The crew returned to Earth safely by using the Lunar Module as a "lifeboat" for these functions.

Question: What forced the cancellations of three future landings?

Budget cuts
Budget cuts
oxygen tank explosion
Budget cuts
Budget cuts


Context: Tesla worked every day from 9:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m. or later, with dinner from exactly 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Tesla would telephone his dinner order to the headwaiter, who also could be the only one to serve him. "The meal was required to be ready at eight o'clock ... He dined alone, except on the rare occasions when he would give a dinner to a group to meet his social obligations. Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.":283, 286

Question: At what time did Tesla get dinner?


'use strict';

var clear          = require('es5-ext/array/#/clear')
  , eIndexOf       = require('es5-ext/array/#/e-index-of')
  , setPrototypeOf = require('es5-ext/object/set-prototype-of')
  , callable       = require('es5-ext/object/valid-callable')
  , d              = require('d')
  , ee             = require('event-emitter')
  , Symbol         = require('es6-symbol')
  , iterator       = require('es6-iterator/valid-iterable')
  , forOf          = require('es6-iterator/for-of')
  , Iterator       = require('./lib/iterator')
  , isNative       = require('./is-native-implemented')

  , call = Function.prototype.call, defineProperty = Object.defineProperty
  , SetPoly, getValues;

module.exports = SetPoly = function (/*iterable*/) {
	var iterable = arguments[0];
	if (!(this instanceof SetPoly)) return new SetPoly(iterable);
	if (this.__setData__ !== undefined) {
		throw new TypeError(this + " cannot be reinitialized");
	}
	if (iterable != null) iterator(iterable);
	defineProperty(this, '__setData__', d('c', []));
	if (!iterable) return;
	forOf(iterable, function (value) {
		if (eIndexOf.call(this, value) !== -1) return;
		this.push(value);
	}, this.__setData__);
};

if (isNative) {
	if (setPrototypeOf) setPrototypeOf(SetPoly, Set);
	SetPoly.prototype = Object.create(Set.prototype, {
		constructor: d(SetPoly)
	});
}

ee(Object.defineProperties(SetPoly.prototype, {
	add: d(function (value) {
		if (this.has(value)) return this;
		this.emit('_add', this.__setData__.push(value) - 1, value);
		return this;
	}),
	clear: d(function () {
		if (!this.__setData__.length) return;
		clear.call(this.__setData__);
		this.emit('_clear');
	}),
	delete: d(function (value) {
		var index = eIndexOf.call(this.__setData__, value);
		if (index === -1) return false;
		this.__setData__.splice(index, 1);
		this.emit('_delete', index, value);
		return true;
	}),
	entries: d(function () { return new Iterator(this, 'key+value'); }),
	forEach: d(function (cb/*, thisArg*/) {
		var thisArg = arguments[1], iterator, result, value;
		callable(cb);
		iterator = this.values();
		result = iterator._next();
		while (result !== undefined) {
			value = iterator._resolve(result);
			call.call(cb, thisArg, value, value, this);
			result = iterator._next();
		}
	}),
	has: d(function (value) {
		return (eIndexOf.call(this.__setData__, value) !== -1);
	}),
	keys: d(getValues = function () { return this.values(); }),
	size: d.gs(function () { return this.__setData__.length; }),
	values: d(function () { return new Iterator(this); }),
	toString: d(function () { return '[object Set]'; })
}));
defineProperty(SetPoly.prototype, Symbol.iterator, d(getValues));
defineProperty(SetPoly.prototype, Symbol.toStringTag, d('c', 'Set'));


'use strict';

const TYPE = Symbol.for('type');

class Data {

  constructor(options) {
    // File details
    this.filepath = options.filepath;

    // Type
    this[TYPE] = 'data';

    // Data
    Object.assign(this, options.data);
  }
}

module.exports = Data;


package sodium

// #cgo pkg-config: libsodium
// #include <stdlib.h>
// #include <sodium.h>
import "C"

func RuntimeHasNeon() bool {
	return C.sodium_runtime_has_neon() != 0
}

func RuntimeHasSse2() bool {
	return C.sodium_runtime_has_sse2() != 0
}

func RuntimeHasSse3() bool {
	return C.sodium_runtime_has_sse3() != 0
}


<?php

interface Container {
    /**
     * Checks if a $x exists.
     *
     * @param unknown $x
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    function contains($x);
}


angular.module('appTesting').service("LoginLocalStorage", function () {
    "use strict";

    var STORE_NAME = "login";

    var setUser = function setUser(user) {
        localStorage.setItem(STORE_NAME, JSON.stringify(user));
    }

    var getUser = function getUser() {
        var storedTasks = localStorage.getItem(STORE_NAME);
        if (storedTasks) {
            return JSON.parse(storedTasks);
        }
        return {};
    }

    return {
        setUser: setUser,
        getUser: getUser
    }
});