"Description:Intel Xeon E5410 ML370 G5(2.33GHz/4-core/12MB/80W) CPQFull Processor Option KitPart Number(s)Option Part# 458418-B21"

Specifications: Category Proliant Processor Sub-Category Xeon Generation G5 Part Number 458418-B21 Products ID 455542 Product Type Processor Upgrade Processor Type Intel Xeon Processor Core Quad-Core Processor Qty 1 Clock Speed 2.33GHz Bus Speed 1333MHz FSB L2 Cache 12MB Process Technology 45nm Processor Socket Socket J LGA-771 Thermal Design Power 80W

"Description:Intel Xeon X5470 ML370 G5 (3.33GHz/4-core/12MB/120W) CPQFull Processor Option KitPart Number(s)Option Part# 488039-B21"

Specifications: Category Proliant Processor Sub-Category Xeon Generation G5 Part Number 488039-B21 Products ID 455536 Product Type Processor Upgrade Processor Type Intel Xeon Processor Core Quad-Core Processor Qty 1 Clock Speed 3.33GHz Bus Speed 1333MHz L1 Cache 256KB L2 Cache 12MB 64-bit Processing Yes Process Technology 45nm Processor Socket Socket J LGA-771 Thermal Design Power 120W


"ASUS SABERTOOTH X99, DDR4-SDRAM, DIMM, 2133, 2400 MHz, Intel, Core i7, LGA 2011-v3"

"ASUS SABERTOOTH Z170 MARK 1 Motherboard"@en Motherboard LN66902 - 90MB0MG0-M0EAY0 | SCAN UK"@en

"ASUS SABERTOOTH Z170 MARK 1, Intel Z170, S 1151, DDR4, SATAe, M.2 (PCIe/SATA), SLi/CrossFire, Dual LAN, USB 3.1 C, ATX   "@en


"StarTech.com Ventilador de Repuesto para Disipador Procesador"@es "HP Spectre One 23-e000es - Black Friday 2017 "@es

"Corsair Air Series AF140 Quiet Edition 140MM 1150RPM 67.8CFM 24DBA Airflow Cooling Fan" Fan - CO-9050009-WW NCIX"

Quick Specs: Air Flow 1 x 67.8 CFM Application/Usage Case Material Plastic Rubber Connectors 3-pin Fan Diameter 1 x 140 mm Weight (Approximate) 8.47 oz Fan Bearing Type Hydraulic Bearing Height 1" Width 5.5" Depth 5.5" Number of Fans 1 Fan Speed (rpm) 1 x 1150 rpm ProductId 1022285709 URL: http://www.overclockersclub.com/reviews/corsair_af_sp_fans/ Comment: Posted by: MG @03/13/13 URL: http://www.tweaktown.com/reviews/4866/corsair_air_series_af_and_sp_coo Comment: Posted by: MG @03/13/13 URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11TIfocssvY Comment: Posted by: Mathieu_R @09/19/12 URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFi39czpsac Comment: Posted by: Mathieu_R @09/19/12


Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly bomb
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly bomb
Girl, youre the bomb
Got me rocking bombers
Yeah, you are the one
When Im talking numbers
And I wish you could show me
One or two things that I wish you could show me
And I wish you could love me
Wish she can love me
Ive never had a chance to tell you how
Feels like youre a part of me
Ive never had a chance to tell you how
Follow me, follow me, yeah
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly bomb
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly bomb, lolly, lolly, lolly bomb
Like a hand grenade
Gimme that lucozade boost
I can detonate ya
Baby, lets call that a truce
And I wish you could know me
Face in the news everyday, you dont know me?
And I wish you could know me
Face in the news everyday, you dont know me?
You dont know me
You dont know me
Ive never had a chance to tell you how
Feels like youre a part of me
Ive never had a chance to tell you how
Follow me, follow me, yeah
Ive never had a chance to tell you how
Feels like youre a part of me
Ive never had a chance to tell you how
Follow me, follow me, yeah
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly
Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb. La-la-la-la-lolly
Lolly, lolly bomb. Lolly, lolly, lolly bomb


Na na na-na na
Na na na-na na
Na na na-na na
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Does the government bring up recession
Then policemen in a tone of depression
Half of people them are living in depression
Now can you tell me bout the negative vibration
On scene Imma mek up the station
Tell till of the bigger vibration
One original very positive
But so far you only see antipositive

Only negative vibration
Only negative vibration
Only negative vibration
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Fuck you all Im negative creep
All them be saying: Smile your teeth right
All them be saying that the future is bright
Telling your smiling wont make it right
If you wont stand up and take up the fight
Many smiling and living deprive ya
Many smiling are form of Chapay yah
Look out the window, man, put down the pipe
Look out the window, man, we living deprived
We living deprived
We living deprived
We living deprived
We living deprived
We live in deprive. Only negative vibration
We live in deprive. Only negative vibration
We live in deprive. Only negative vibration
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Na na na-na-na
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Fuck you all Im negative creep
Fuck you all Im negative creep


Wooh!
Working days, week by week
That will make me wanna drink
Every Fridays I got lit
Should I really need to quit
Daddy needs to take a little sip
So mama gonna fix it really quick
Got her blink, hotline bling
That could only mean one thing
One shot, bring me more
Two shot, let them roll
Three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine
I could spend a lifetime getting high so
 Would you waste the drop
This is hard days night, we should raise our crops
Youd better listening what Im saying, punk
Wish me luck Im drunk as fuck
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
trumpet solo
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
 Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
When I walk in the bar
All eyes on me
I came to get drunk
If you aint gon swing
You better drink this shot
We gonna get you wet
We gonna drink it all night long
Until we dead
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
 Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
 Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im drunk as fuck
Im drunk as fuck
Im drunk as fuck
Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic
 Im okay
Im okay
Im okay
Im not alcoholic


I hope you die
Wou-wou please die right now
I hope you die
Wou-wou please die right now
Ill break you
Ill kill you
I hate you
More, more, more
Ill wrench you
Dissect you
Ill shred you
More, more, more
I need your
Hammer smashed face
Ill leave you
To rot in the grave
I hope you die
Wou-wou please die right now
I hope you die
Wou-wou please die right now
I hope you die
Wou-wou please die right now
I hope you die
Wou-wou please die right now
Ill break your skull in half
Ill fuck you with a knife
I ripped out the eyes
Nerves, I incised


import java.util. *;
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.lang.*;
import javafx.util.Pair;
public class COUNT_CHARACTERS_STRING_DISTANCE_ENGLISH_ALPHABETS{
static int f_gold ( String str ) {
  int result = 0 ;
  int n = str . length ( ) ;
  for ( int i = 0 ;
  i < n ;
  i ++ ) for ( int j = i + 1 ;
  j < n ;
  j ++ ) if ( Math . abs ( str . charAt ( i ) - str . charAt ( j ) ) == Math . abs ( i - j ) ) result ++ ;
  return result ;
}

def f_gold ( str1 ) :
    result = 0 ;
    n = len ( str1 )
    for i in range ( 0 , n ) :
        for j in range ( i + 1 , n ) :
            if ( abs ( ord ( str1 [ i ] ) - ord ( str1 [ j ] ) ) == abs ( i - j ) ) :
                result += 1 ;
    return result ;

using namespace std;
int f_gold ( string str ) {
  int result = 0;
  int n = str . length ( );
  for ( int i = 0;
  i < n;
  i ++ ) for ( int j = i + 1;
  j < n;
  j ++ ) if ( abs ( str [ i ] - str [ j ] ) == abs ( i - j ) ) result ++;
  return result;
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
    int n_success = 0;
    List<String> param0 = new ArrayList<>();
    param0.add("smnKL");
    param0.add("270083");
    param0.add("0");
    param0.add("kcZdsz");
    param0.add("483544224");
    param0.add("000011");
    param0.add("WysGCirMwKBzP");
    param0.add("3366");
    param0.add("110");
    param0.add("NlaMkpCjUgg");
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0.get(i)) == f_gold(param0.get(i)))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    System.out.println("#Results:" + n_success + ", " + param0.size());
}
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    param = [
    ('smnKL',),
    ('270083',),
    ('0',),
    ('kcZdsz',),
    ('483544224',),
    ('000011',),
    ('WysGCirMwKBzP',),
    ('3366',),
    ('110',),
    ('NlaMkpCjUgg',)
        ]
    n_success = 0
    for i, parameters_set in enumerate(param):
        if f_filled(*parameters_set) == f_gold(*parameters_set):
            n_success+=1
    print("#Results: %i, %i" % (n_success, len(param)))

int main() {
    int n_success = 0;
    vector<string> param0 {"smnKL","270083","0","kcZdsz","483544224","000011","WysGCirMwKBzP","3366","110","NlaMkpCjUgg"};
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0[i]) == f_gold(param0[i]))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    cout << "#Results:" << " " << n_success << ", " << param0.size();
    return 0;
}


import java.util. *;
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.lang.*;
import javafx.util.Pair;
public class RECURSIVE_PROGRAM_PRIME_NUMBER{
static boolean f_gold ( int n , int i ) {
  if ( n <= 2 ) return ( n == 2 ) ? true : false ;
  if ( n % i == 0 ) return false ;
  if ( i * i > n ) return true ;
  return f_gold ( n , i + 1 ) ;
}

using namespace std;
bool f_gold ( int n, int i = 2 ) {
  if ( n <= 2 ) return ( n == 2 ) ? true : false;
  if ( n % i == 0 ) return false;
  if ( i * i > n ) return true;
  return f_gold ( n, i + 1 );
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
    int n_success = 0;
    List<Integer> param0 = new ArrayList<>();
    param0.add(3);
    param0.add(7);
    param0.add(89);
    param0.add(97);
    param0.add(41);
    param0.add(73);
    param0.add(95);
    param0.add(69);
    param0.add(20);
    param0.add(30);
    List<Integer> param1 = new ArrayList<>();
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    param1.add(2);
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0.get(i),param1.get(i)) == f_gold(param0.get(i),param1.get(i)))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    System.out.println("#Results:" + n_success + ", " + param0.size());
}
}

int main() {
    int n_success = 0;
    vector<int> param0 {3,7,89,97,41,73,95,69,20,30};
    vector<int> param1 {2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2};
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0[i],param1[i]) == f_gold(param0[i],param1[i]))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    cout << "#Results:" << " " << n_success << ", " << param0.size();
    return 0;
}


import java.util. *;
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.lang.*;
import javafx.util.Pair;
public class CHECK_WHETHER_TWO_STRINGS_ARE_ANAGRAM_OF_EACH_OTHER{
static boolean f_gold ( char [ ] str1 , char [ ] str2 ) {
  int n1 = str1 . length ;
  int n2 = str2 . length ;
  if ( n1 != n2 ) return false ;
  Arrays . sort ( str1 ) ;
  Arrays . sort ( str2 ) ;
  for ( int i = 0 ;
  i < n1 ;
  i ++ ) if ( str1 [ i ] != str2 [ i ] ) return false ;
  return true ;
}

def f_gold ( str1 , str2 ) :
    n1 = len ( str1 )
    n2 = len ( str2 )
    if n1 != n2 :
        return 0
    str1 = sorted ( str1 )
    str2 = sorted ( str2 )
    for i in range ( 0 , n1 ) :
        if str1 [ i ] != str2 [ i ] :
            return 0
    return 1

public static void main(String args[]) {
    int n_success = 0;
    List<String> param0 = new ArrayList<>();
    param0.add("LISTEN");
    param0.add("TRIANGLE");
    param0.add("test");
    param0.add("night");
    param0.add("Inch");
    param0.add("Dusty");
    param0.add("GJLMOOSTTXaabceefgllpwz");
    param0.add("41658699122772743330");
    param0.add("0000000000000000000000001111111111111111111");
    param0.add("ERioPYDqgTSz bVCW");
    List<String> param1 = new ArrayList<>();
    param1.add("SILENT");
    param1.add("INTEGRAL");
    param1.add("ttew");
    param1.add("thing");
    param1.add("Study");
    param1.add("1");
    param1.add("EJRXYajoy");
    param1.add("9931020");
    param1.add("0000000000000000000001111111111111111111111");
    param1.add("GLajZE");
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0.get(i).toCharArray(),param1.get(i).toCharArray()) == f_gold(param0.get(i).toCharArray(),param1.get(i).toCharArray()))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    System.out.println("#Results:" + n_success + ", " + param0.size());
}
}


import java.util. *;
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.lang.*;
import javafx.util.Pair;
public class SUM_PAIRWISE_PRODUCTS{
static int f_gold ( int n ) {
  int sum = 0 ;
  for ( int i = 1 ;
  i <= n ;
  i ++ ) for ( int j = i ;
  j <= n ;
  j ++ ) sum = sum + i * j ;
  return sum ;
}

def f_gold ( n ) :
    sm = 0
    for i in range ( 1 , n + 1 ) :
        for j in range ( i , n + 1 ) :
            sm = sm + i * j
    return sm

using namespace std;
long long int f_gold ( int n ) {
  long long int sum = 0;
  for ( int i = 1;
  i <= n;
  i ++ ) for ( int j = i;
  j <= n;
  j ++ ) sum = sum + i * j;
  return sum;
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
    int n_success = 0;
    List<Integer> param0 = new ArrayList<>();
    param0.add(21);
    param0.add(32);
    param0.add(16);
    param0.add(38);
    param0.add(9);
    param0.add(3);
    param0.add(5);
    param0.add(46);
    param0.add(45);
    param0.add(87);
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0.get(i)) == f_gold(param0.get(i)))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    System.out.println("#Results:" + n_success + ", " + param0.size());
}
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    param = [
    (21,),
    (32,),
    (16,),
    (38,),
    (9,),
    (3,),
    (5,),
    (46,),
    (45,),
    (87,)
        ]
    n_success = 0
    for i, parameters_set in enumerate(param):
        if f_filled(*parameters_set) == f_gold(*parameters_set):
            n_success+=1
    print("#Results: %i, %i" % (n_success, len(param)))

int main() {
    int n_success = 0;
    vector<int> param0 {21,32,16,38,9,3,5,46,45,87};
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0[i]) == f_gold(param0[i]))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    cout << "#Results:" << " " << n_success << ", " << param0.size();
    return 0;
}


import java.util. *;
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.lang.*;
import javafx.util.Pair;
public class COUNT_SET_BITS_IN_AN_INTEGER{
static int f_gold ( int n ) {
  int count = 0 ;
  while ( n > 0 ) {
    count += n & 1 ;
    n >>= 1 ;
  }
  return count ;
}

def f_gold ( n ) :
    count = 0
    while ( n ) :
        count += n & 1
        n >>= 1
    return count

using namespace std;
unsigned int f_gold ( unsigned int n ) {
  unsigned int count = 0;
  while ( n ) {
    count += n & 1;
    n >>= 1;
  }
  return count;
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
    int n_success = 0;
    List<Integer> param0 = new ArrayList<>();
    param0.add(58);
    param0.add(92);
    param0.add(73);
    param0.add(52);
    param0.add(24);
    param0.add(14);
    param0.add(58);
    param0.add(11);
    param0.add(8);
    param0.add(52);
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0.get(i)) == f_gold(param0.get(i)))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    System.out.println("#Results:" + n_success + ", " + param0.size());
}
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    param = [
    (58,),
    (92,),
    (73,),
    (52,),
    (24,),
    (14,),
    (58,),
    (11,),
    (8,),
    (52,)
        ]
    n_success = 0
    for i, parameters_set in enumerate(param):
        if f_filled(*parameters_set) == f_gold(*parameters_set):
            n_success+=1
    print("#Results: %i, %i" % (n_success, len(param)))

int main() {
    int n_success = 0;
    vector<int> param0 {58,92,73,52,24,14,58,11,8,52};
    for(int i = 0; i < param0.size(); ++i)
    {
        if(f_filled(param0[i]) == f_gold(param0[i]))
        {
            n_success+=1;
        }
    }
    cout << "#Results:" << " " << n_success << ", " << param0.size();
    return 0;
}


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.

Question: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?

Answer: Saint Bernadette Soubirous


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure?

Answer: the Main Building


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the Grotto at Notre Dame?

Answer: a Marian place of prayer and reflection


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.

Question: When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?

Answer: September 1876


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?

Answer: twice


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called?

Answer: The Observer


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?

Answer: 1987


University_of_Notre_Dame

Context: The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.

Question: Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?

Answer: Rome


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?

Answer: Moreau Seminary


University_of_Notre_Dame

Question: What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame?

Answer: Old College


Livestock, farm animals, working animals


When Husband and Daughter have a day together, they will often head to Costco for a hotdog and a berry sundae.

Then they throw a stone and ta-da, they're at the miniature golf park right next door.

What a fun date for a dad and his 6 year old!

I sent the camera asking for pictures of their adventures and even 'suggested' trying to get a pic of them together.

David is a jack of all trades and I can tell by looking at these photos that he has Amy well-instructed on how to hold a putter.

They bring home their scores (yes, they keep score!)

With berry stains on their faces and laugh lines to match, it's no wonder she listens so patiently to her father.

I love his devotion and would-do-anything-for-my-child life he leads.

I love her teachable spirit and her head-over-heels love she has for her dad.

I'm jealous of their dates but know KNOW how important it is for their relationship.

I don't know who makes who laugh more but if we were keeping score, I'm sure it would be pretty close.


[Reconstruction of phylogeny of locusts from the family Acrididae (Orthoptera) based on analysis of nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosome RNA gene in mitochondria].

The sequences of two mitochondrial 16S RNA gene fragments (137- and 174-bp in size) were determined in nine grasshopper species belonging to three Acrididae subfamilies.

Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the sequences of twelve grasshopper species and the cricket Acheta domesticus sequence as an outgroup (some data were purchased from the GeneBank Data Library (NCBI).

In the phylogenetic tree, the Acridinae and Locustinae formed compact groups.

Annexpected position of Celes scalozubovi (Locustinae) within the subfamily Acridinae indicated its vague phylogeny.

The Catantopinae species lied close to the base of the Acridinae.

Almost all branches of phylogenetic trees were strongly (55-100%) supported by bootstrap analysis.


CD Projekt RED today officially named its next RPG Cyberpunk 2077.

Previously the title, which is based on the pen-and-paper RPG Cyberpunk 2020, was simply known as Cyberpunk, and also draws inspiration from the movie Blade Runner and William Gibson's novels.

The player is dropped into the world in 2077 where, like other media with similar themes, the futuristic tech is both a blessing and a curse.

The story is described as multi-thread and nonlinear, so you can expect a bit of an open world as you explore Night City and the area, including well known locations from Cyberpunk 2020 like Forlorn Hope, Afterlife (what other game has had a bar with that name?)

Players can expect freedom in gameplay with the game's sandbox style, though naturally, its mechanics will stay similar to the pen-and-paper title.

Weapons, other arsenal and the all-important atmosphere also make up the futuristic setting - talk about a far cry from The Witcher.

Cyberpunk 2077 doesn't yet have a release date, but you can check out its newly-opened official website.


HUGE thanks to each of you for your wonderful comments and support!

I have been on the road quite a bit this year and it looks like that will be the trend for the rest of the year as well.

Also, apart from being so busy, I have been taking a sabbatical from BP while letting the dust settle from some of their changes and also to give myself time to focus on new photo projects.

JudyAnn #10696386

To discuss, first log in or sign up (buttons are at top center of page).

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#ifndef HELLOITEM
#define HELLOITEM

#include "qnanoquickitem.h"
#include "qnanoquickitempainter.h"
#include "painthelper.h"

// HelloItemPainter contains the painting code
class HelloItemPainter : public QNanoQuickItemPainter
{

public:
    HelloItemPainter()
    {
    }

    void paint(QNanoPainter *p)
    {
        // Painting code is shared as it's identical in all hello* examples
        paintHelloItem(p, width(), height());
    }
};

// HelloItem provides the API towards QML
class HelloItem : public QNanoQuickItem
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    HelloItem(QQuickItem *parent = nullptr)
        :  QNanoQuickItem(parent)
    {
    }

    // Reimplement
    QNanoQuickItemPainter *createItemPainter() const
    {
        // Create painter for this item
        return new HelloItemPainter();
    }
};

#endif // HELLOITEM


Can this app be used to exchange currencies?


Can I have more physical cards?

Can I have more physical cards?


Why can't I transfer money to a beneficiary


I was trying to use my card and it was declined, when I tried to find out what happened I found cash withdraw for $500 that I didn't do.  Can you please help figure this out?


When will my card be here?

When will my card be here?


Why do I have a transaction showing up more than once?


When will I receive the cash payment from the check I deposited?


The ATM charged me an extra fee, Why?

The ATM charged me an extra fee, Why?


What is the age requirement?

What is the age requirement?


Card payment is still pending, why is that the case?


<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with MathML3 v1.2 20190208//EN" "JATS-archivearticle1-mathml3.dtd">

<?properties open_access?><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neth Heart J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Neth Heart J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Netherlands Heart Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1568-5888</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1876-6250</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Bohn Stafleu van Loghum</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Houten</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta>

32193702

PMC7431526

1403

10.1007/s12471-020-01403-3

<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Image Puzzle – Answer</subject></subj-group>
<title-group>
A patient with recurrent palpitations and unusual anatomy
</title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lawson</surname><given-names>C. J. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Margulescu</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Barry</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><address><email>james.barry@wales.nhs.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"/></contrib><aff id="Aff1">Department of Cardiology, Morriston Regional Cardiac Centre, SA6 6NL Swansea, UK </aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>498</fpage><lpage>499</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2020</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2020</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group>
</front><sec id="Sec1"><title>Answer</title>
Complete atresia of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with cavo-azygos (CA) continuity was diagnosed by contrast venography performed using a long sheath (SL0, Abbott Medical, USA) (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>a). Following the CA vein route, a decapolar and a quadripolar catheter were advanced into the superior vena cava, right atrium, and then into the coronary sinus and right ventricle, respectively (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>b). However, the right subclavian vein needed to be used to map the triangle of Koch with the ablation catheter, due to better reach and stability at this region compared with the CA route (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>c).<fig id="Fig1">Fig. 1

Inferior vena cava atresia with cavo-azygos (CA) continuity accounts for the unusual placement of the electrophysiology catheters from the right inguinal region into the heart. <bold>a</bold> LAO 30, left anterior oblique 30 degrees view; <bold>b</bold> RAO 30, right anterior oblique 30 degrees view; <bold>c</bold> Contrast venogram helped deliniate the anatomical structures through which the electrophysiology catheter and sheaths were advanced from the right inguinal region; <bold>d</bold> Schematic representation of normal venous anatomy (<italic>left</italic>) vs. CA continuity (<italic>right</italic>). <italic>CS</italic> coronary sinus, <italic>RA</italic> right atrium <italic>RV</italic> right ventricle <italic>SP</italic> slow pathway <italic>TV</italic> tricuspid valve, <italic>SVC</italic> superior vena cava, <italic>IV</italic> innominate vein, <italic>AV</italic> azygos vein, <italic>HAV</italic> hemiazygos vein, <italic>HV</italic> hepatic veins, <italic>RRV</italic> right renal vein, <italic>LRV</italic> left renal vein

<graphic xlink:href="12471_2020_1403_Fig1_HTML" id="d30e262"/></fig>

IVC atresia with CA continuity is a rare congenital anomaly that results from lack of interruption of the right cardinal vein at the level of the diaphragm during embryological development [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]. As a result, the intrahepatic trajectory of the IVC is not formed, and the hepatic veins will drain separately into the right atrium. Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>d shows a schematic representation of normal venous anatomy vs. CA continuity. CA continuity may be associated with more extensive embryological abnormalities, such as the heterotaxy syndrome (abnormal arrangement of internal organs across the left-right axis of the body) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>]. In our patient, chest X‑ray, abdominal ultrasound and echocardiogram revealed normal internal organ arrangement.

For electrophysiology procedures, IVC atresia with CA continuity can cause significant challenges, especially if left atrial access is required, because the impossibility of performing transseptal puncture through the usual inferior approach [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>]. However, right-sided ablations (including ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia) can be performed with small variations of standard techniques, by looping the catheters back into the right cardiac chambers through the superior vena cava, as demonstrated in this case.
</sec><back><notes id="FPar1" notes-type="COI-statement"><title>Conflict of interest</title>
C.J.M. Lawson, A.D. Margulescu and J. Barry declare that they have no competing interests.
</notes><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1">1.<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hikspoors</surname><given-names>JPJM</given-names></name><name><surname>Soffers</surname><given-names>JHM</given-names></name><name><surname>Mekonen</surname><given-names>HK</given-names></name><etal/></person-group>
Development of the human infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos venous systems
<source>J Anat</source><year>2015</year><volume>226</volume><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/joa.12266</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25496171</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR2">2.<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name></person-group>
Heterotaxy syndrome
<source>Korean Circ J</source><year>2011</year><volume>41</volume><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>232</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4070/kcj.2011.41.5.227</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21731561</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR3">3.<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Okajima</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakanishi</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Ichibori</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><etal/></person-group>
Trans-aortic pulmonary vein isolation using magnetic navigation system for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a patient with dextrocardia, situs inversus, and inferior vena cava continuity with azygos vein
<source>J Arrhythm</source><year>2018</year><volume>34</volume><fpage>583</fpage><lpage>585</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/joa3.12096</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">30327707</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR4">4.<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kato</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Kubota</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Goto</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><etal/></person-group>
Transseptal puncture and catheter ablation via the superior vena cava approach for persistent atrial fibrillation in a patient with polysplenia syndrome and interruption of the inferior vena cava: contact force-guided pulmonary vein isolation
<source>Europace</source><year>2017</year><volume>19</volume><fpage>1227</fpage><lpage>1232</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">27174901</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back>


Yangliuqing


Orana Australia Ltd


Where Is Freedom?


Latin liturgical rites


Fernaldia pandurata


Chester Earl Merrow


Hightech Information System


AD 47


Abstract: The ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a large and complex group of diseases characterized by anomalies of the ectoderm and its derivates, often associated with malformations in other organs. We report a patient with an ectodermal dysplasia affecting hair, teeth, and nails and malformations of all four extremities including absence of several rays in the hands and feet. This patient shares many similarities with odontotrichomelic syndrome, a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome that has so far only been described in three individuals. However, some differences exist and this patient might also represent a separate ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. p63, a gene that is mutated in a number of syndromes associated with ectodermal dysplasia and limb malformations, was considered a possible candidate gene. However, no mutation in p63 was identified.


Abstract: BACKGROUND:Non-target embolization is a well-known complication of endovascular procedures for arteriovenous malformation. However, few reports have described non target encephalic embolization, detailing its temporal evolution. CASE PRESENTATION:A 41-year-old man presented with a massive hemorrhage in the oral cavity due to an arteriovenous malformation involving the left hemiface and tongue. Under conscious sedation, selective angiography was followed by endovascular embolization with a mixture of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate-methacryloxy-sulfolane (NBCA-MS) with Lipiodol. The hemorrhage was successfully arrested, but the procedure was complicated with a reflux of embolic material from the right external carotid artery into the common carotid, caused by strong unexpected coughing. Non-target embolization was confirmed by emergency CT and subsequent MRI. After initial neurological impairment, the patient recovered fully and was discharged after one week. No sequelae were confirmed by 9-months follow-up with CT and MRI. We describe technical aspects, multimodality imaging, clinical presentation, and follow-up of this peculiar case. CONCLUSION:Endovascular embolization of AVM fed by the external carotid is at risk for non-target brain embolization and general anesthesia should be considered to prevent inadvertent movements and master the delivery of the embolic agent A small amount of Lipiodol / NBCA-MS may be fully tolerated by the brain matter and partially reabsorbed without permanent deficit.


Abstract: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases with progressive weakness of skeletal and respiratory muscles, leading to significant disability. The disorder is caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and a consequent decrease in the SMN protein leading to lower motor neuron degeneration. Recently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medical Agency (EMA) approved the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen, the first SMA disease-modifying treatment and gene replacement therapy by onasemnogene abeparvovec. Encouraging results from phase II and III clinical trials have raised hope that other therapeutic options will enter soon in clinical practice. However, the availability of effective approaches has raised up ethical, medical and financial issues that are routinely faced by the SMA community. This review covers the available data and the new challenges of SMA therapeutic strategies.


Abstract: We present a case of a patient with Anton's syndrome due to decompression illness (DCI) after recreational scuba diving. Visual anosognosia, or denial of loss of vision, which is associated with lack of awareness regarding visual loss in the setting of cortical blindness, is known as Anton's syndrome (also termed Anton-Babinski syndrome). Our patient presented with progressive neurological DCI treated with repeated recompression. The anosogosia resolved after 48 h. Subsequent echocardiography revealed a persistent (patent) foramen ovale.


Abstract: We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who developed band keratopathy following denosumab therapy. The patient was referred for evaluation of progressive vision loss and new-onset band keratopathy in both eyes following denosumab therapy. She had no prior ocular history. On examination, she had calcific deposits in a horizontal band in the interpalpebral superficial cornea. Laboratory workup was negative. Denosumab was discontinued, and she was treated with keratectomy with ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid. Denosumab influences calcium metabolism and consequently reduces bone turnover and increases bone density. It is commonly used for treatment of osteoporosis at high-risk for fracture. Very few cases of ocular adverse drug reactions have been reported. However, because of temporal association and biological plausibility, we believe our patient developed progressive band keratopathy after administration of denosumab.


Abstract: Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder. It is associated with morphological changes similar to those of other connective tissue disorders, with the unique distinction of multiple, often bilateral and large, lateral meningoceles herniating through the spinal foramina. In some cases, these lateral meningoceles can cause pain and discomfort due to their presence within retroperitoneal tissues or cause direct compression of the spinal nerve root exiting the foramen; in some cases compression may also involve motor weakness. The presence of lateral meningoceles imposes unique challenges related to CSF flow dynamics, especially with concurrent Chiari malformation, which also occurs with increased frequency in individuals with LMS. The authors present the case of a 6-month-old female with LMS with multiple lateral meningoceles throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine. The infant experienced a focal neurological abnormality due to enlargement of her lateral meningoceles following decompression of a symptomatic Chiari malformation and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The finding was reversed through implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which reduced the burden of CSF upon the lateral meningoceles. Such a case compels consideration that CSF flow dynamics in addition to altered connective tissue play a role in the presence of lateral meningoceles in patients within this and similar patient populations.


usually , he would be tearing around the living room , playing with his toys .


but just one look at a minion sent him practically catatonic .


that had been megan 's plan when she got him dressed earlier .


he 'd seen the movie almost by mistake , considering he was a little young for the pg cartoon , but with older cousins , along with her brothers , mason was often exposed to things that were older .


she liked to think being surrounded by adults and older kids was one reason why he was a such a good talker for his age .


`` are n't you being a good boy ? ''


she said .


mason barely acknowledged her .


instead , his baby blues remained focused on the television .


since the movie was almost over , megan knew she better slip into the bedroom and finish getting ready .


Maine's 3rd congressional district / List of members representing the district

English: Samuel W. Gould, US Representative from Maine

Maine's 3rd congressional district is an obsolete congressional district. It was created in 1821 after Maine achieved statehood in 1820 as part of the enactment of the Missouri Compromise. It was eliminated in 1963 after the 1960 U.S. Census. Its last congressman was Clifford McIntire.


Premise: Nikolaj Coster-Waldau worked with the Fox Broadcasting Company.

Hypothesis: The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX ) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox . Nikolaj Coster-Waldau . He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam ( 2008 ) , as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality , originally intended as a pilot . He became widely known to a broad audience for his current role as Ser Jaime Lannister , in the HBO series Game of Thrones .


Premise: Roman Atwood is a content creator.

Hypothesis: Roman Atwood . He is best known for his vlogs , where he posts updates about his life on a daily basis . His vlogging channel , `` RomanAtwoodVlogs '' , has a total of 3.3 billion views and 11.9 million subscribers . He also has another YouTube channel called `` RomanAtwood '' , where he posts pranks .


Premise: History of art includes architecture, dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry literature, theatre, narrative, film, photography and graphic arts.

Hypothesis: History of art . The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine : architecture , dance , sculpture , music , painting , poetry ( described broadly as a form of literature with aesthetic purpose or function , which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative ) , film , photography and graphic arts .


Premise: System of a Down briefly disbanded in limbo.

Hypothesis: System of a Down . The group briefly disbanded in August 2006 and reunited in November 2010 , embarking on a tour for the following three years .


Premise: Beautiful reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2003.

Hypothesis: Beautiful (Christina Aguilera song) . The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , where it was certified Gold for 500,000 units shipped .


Premise: Neal Schon was named in 1954.

Hypothesis: Neal Joseph Schon ( born February 27 , 1954 ) is an American rock guitarist , songwriter , and vocalist , best known for his work with the bands Journey and Bad English .


Premise: The Boston Celtics play their home games at TD Garden.

Hypothesis: Boston Celtics . The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins .


Sanctions against school shows that the school's efforts were ignored Efforts can be ignored when decision are against it


Enforce is not done by sanction against the school


Authoritarian is not efforts


Efforts cannot be yelled at


Avoid something means knowningly not doing something which is not related to the efforts of school


United States being a country cannot be replaced by Google maps, other highway and street GPS services.


Mexico being a country cannot be replaced by Google maps, other highway and street GPS services.


Countryside cannot be replaced by Google maps, other highway and street GPS services as it is a location.


Atlas are replaced by more precise Google maps, other highway and street GPS services. One can get much more precise data with the help of Google maps and Street GPS services.


Tonight, we light city hall and other buildings in our city in amber in solidarity with fellow cities across our nation in remembering the lives we have lost due to #COVID19 .

#COVIDMemorial #Inauguration #BidenHarrisInauguration #OurMayors https://t.co/yWebdt63Fb


Fremont City Hall is honoring all those that lost their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have lost over 400,000 Americans to this virus, but we will overcome this as we have every difficulty facing us in the past 243 years. https://t.co/tVUBAm4CzB


Tonight, the City of College Park honored the over 400,000 people our nation has lost the over 2.05 million people lost worldwide to Covid-19 by lighting up our city buildings in amber. We put candles in our windows to also remember those lost. #OurCP #NationalDayOfRemembrance https://t.co/ScPdFNcaAe


Still think its a "Conspiracy" https://t.co/zC1B5v2jM4


The first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID-19 in the United States was confirmed on January 20, 2020, and reported to CDC on January 22, 2020. Today is a milestone day in America as it has been a full year since the first detected case in America. Tomorrow, we begin year two. https://t.co/S0z2M9TSVf


"Low-income workers hammered by COVID-19 as high earners flourished"  https://t.co/Et2dRwqn3q


blimey
Police use water cannon to enforce COVID-19 regulations at Bellville SAS... https://t.co/BMSvNBFbXD via @YouTube


I dare anyone to step up and help people like Dave and the donators .  where is democrats and republicans??? Where are your asses ? Help people . https://t.co/eE2uTRqAyj


Elon Musk, Amber Heard Something's Fishy On Wrapped-Up Sushi Last we heard, Elon Musk and Amber Heard were "not back together" even though they kiss goodbye and dance real close ... sorry, we're not buying that now. Amber and Elon went on a sushi date Monday in WeHo, and looked like the full-blown hand-holding couple that's definitely on again. But that's only because that's exactly what they are -- no matter how many times they try to say they're not reunited. We broke the story ... Elon and Amber started hanging out again this past fall ... after announcing their split in the summer. Since then, they've smooched and gone dancing together. If it looks like a reunited duck, walks like a reunited duck ... TMZ.com


Scientists are developing more than 100 coronavirus vaccines using a range of techniques, some of which are well-established and some of which have never been approved for medical use before. Most of these vaccines target the so-called spike proteins that cover the virus and help it invade human cells. The immune system can develop antibodies that latch onto spike proteins and stop the virus. A successful vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus would teach peoples immune systems to make antibodies against the virus without causing disease. Whole-Virus Vaccines Vaccines that modify the entire coronavirus to provoke an immune response. Inactivated and Live Attenuated Vaccines Most vaccines in use today incorporate an inactivated or weakened form of a virus that is not able to cause disease. When immune cells encounter them, they make antibodies. Making these vaccines means growing viruses and lots of them. Influenza vaccines are typically grown in chicken eggs, and other vaccines are grown in tanks full of floating cells. These procedures can take months to produce a batch of new vaccines. EXAMPLES: Conventional vaccines for influenza, chickenpox, measles, mumps and rubella all fall into this category. COMPANIES DEVELOPING SARS-COV-2 VACCINES: Sinovac and others. Genetic Vaccines Vaccines that use part of the coronaviruss genetic code. DNA Vaccines A number of experimental coronavirus vaccines dont deliver whole viruses. Instead, they deliver genetic instructions for building a viral protein. The protein can then stimulate the immune system to make antibodies and help mount other defenses against the coronavirus. One of these genetic approaches is known as a DNA vaccine. A circle of engineered DNA is delivered into cells. The cells read the viral gene, make a copy in a molecule called messenger RNA, and then use the mRNA to assemble viral proteins. The immune system detects the proteins and mounts defenses. Prototype DNA vaccines based on the spike protein protected monkeys from the coronavirus. EXAMPLES: DNA vaccines have been approved for veterinary cases such as canine melanoma and West Nile virus in horses. There are no approved DNA vaccines for use in humans, but researchers are running trials to see if they might be effective for diseases such as Zika and the flu. COMPANIES: Inovio and others. RNA Vaccines Some researchers want to skip DNA and instead deliver messenger RNA into cells. The cells read the mRNA and make spike proteins that provoke an immune response. The biotech company Moderna recently completed a small safety trial with eight volunteers that showed promising early results against the coronavirus. Both RNA and DNA vaccines can be produced more quickly than traditional methods. EXAMPLES: There are no approved RNA vaccines, but they are in clinical trials for MERS and other diseases. COMPANIES: Moderna, Pfizer and BioNTech, CureVac and others. Viral Vector Vaccines Vaccines that use a virus to deliver coronavirus genes into cells. Vaccines Using Adenovirus or Other Viruses Viruses are very good at getting into cells. Since the 1990s, researchers have been investigating how to use them to deliver genes into cells to immunize people against diseases. To create a coronavirus vaccine, several teams have added the spike protein gene to a virus called an adenovirus. The adenovirus slips into cells and unloads the gene. Because the adenovirus is missing one of its own genes, it cannot replicate and is therefore safe. EXAMPLES: Several virus vector vaccines are used to vaccinate animals against rabies and distemper. Johnson & Johnson has developed H.I.V. and Ebola vaccines using an adenovirus. Both have proven safe in humans and are now in efficacy trials. COMPANIES: Johnson & Johnson, CanSino, University of Oxford and others. Protein-Based Vaccines Vaccines that use a coronavirus protein or a protein fragment. Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Some vaccines are particles that contain pieces of viral proteins. They cant cause disease because they are not actual viruses, but they can still show the immune system what coronavirus proteins look like. EXAMPLES: The vaccine for HPV falls into this category. COMPANIES: Medicago, Doherty Institute and others. Recombinant Vaccines Yeast or other cells can be engineered to carry a viruss gene and spew out viral proteins, which are then harvested and put into a vaccine. A coronavirus vaccine of this design would contain whole spike proteins or small pieces of the protein. EXAMPLES: This category includes some vaccines for shingles and hepatitis B. COMPANIES: Novavax and others. Sources: World Health Organization, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Center for Biotechnology Information, NEJM


Jared Fogle Shut Down By Judge In Bid for Early Release 1/22/2018 Jared Fogle got no love from the judge who sentenced him to 15 years in prison ... ruling his legal arguments were BS. Fogle had filed legal docs he prepared himself in the prison library, claiming Judge Tanya Pratt had no jurisdiction to even hear the criminal case because the sex crime charges required proof he traveled from one state to another to engage in sex acts with minors ... and he says everything was done in 1 state. Judge Pratt begged to differ, repeatedly calling Fogle's argument "frivolous," saying federal law specifically covers his crimes. The judge invited him to appeal to a higher court, but made it clear ... that dog don't hunt.


The agency had come under fire from members of Congress and other groups for allowing dozens of wildly inaccurate tests to proliferate without oversight.Credit...David J. Phillip/Associated PressPublished May 4, 2020Updated May 7, 2020The Food and Drug Administration announced on Monday that companies selling coronavirus antibody tests must submit data proving accuracy within the next 10 days or face removal from the market.The antibody tests are an effort to detect whether a person had been infected with the coronavirus, but results have been widely varied. Since mid-March, the agency has permitted dozens of manufacturers to sell the tests without providing evidence that they are accurate.The F.D.A.s action follows a report by more than 50 scientists, which found that only three out of 14 antibody tests gave consistently reliable results, and even the best had flaws. An evaluation by the National Institutes of Health, working with other federal health agencies, has also found a concerning number of commercial tests that are performing poorly, the F.D.A. said.The agency has also been under fire from several members of Congress, with numerous lawmakers raising questions about the validity of some of the tests.So far, little is known about whether those who became ill will develop immunity and, if so, for how long, and that leaves the value of antibody tests still uncertain. Around the globe, government and health officials have hoped that antibody tests would be a critical tool to help determine when it would be safe to lift stay-at-home restrictions and reopen businesses. The tests might also be used to identify potential donors of convalescent plasma, an approach in which blood plasma containing antibodies from a recovered individual is used to treat a Covid-19 patient, the F.D.A. said.The highly infectious disease has now killed nearly 70,000 people and sickened more than 1.1 million in the United States alone.While 12 companies have been given F.D.A. clearance to sell the antibody tests, many other products do not have agency authorization. The result has been a confusing landscape in which tests by established companies such as Abbott Laboratories, Cellex and most recently, Roche Diagnostics, are competing with unapproved tests made by unknown companies and sold by U.S. distributors with spotty track records. The F.D.A. has blocked imports of some antibody tests at the U.S. border, and has ordered some distributors to revise claims about what individuals can learn from them, or halt sales.House Democrats Raja Krishnamoorthi, of Illinois, and Rosa DeLauro, of Connecticut, have both criticized the agency for its handling of the matter as has Representative Lloyd Doggett, Democrat of Texas.The administrations original serology testing policy, which allowed tests on the market with no F.D.A. review, felt like an overreaction to the criticism they faced for their slow rollout of molecular tests, Mr. Krishnamoorthi said. But F.D.A. went too far, completely abrogating regulatory responsibility.Overseeing development of coronavirus tests has been rocky from the start, with President Trump and others urging the agency to relax rules for commercial tests. Beginning in late February, the agency came under fire for taking too long to allow private companies to get diagnostic tests for the coronavirus onto the market. Now, the F.D.A. faces additional scrutiny for permitting manufacturers to distribute the antibody tests too quickly without proof of efficacy.Every step this agency has taken in response to Covid-19 has been a balance of risk and benefits, said Dr. Stephen Hahn, the F.D.A. commissioner, in a telephone call with reporters on Monday.In a statement on Monday, Dr. Anand Shah, the F.D.A. deputy commissioner for medical and scientific affairs, and Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, director of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, defended the agencys initial policy, saying the tests were never intended to be used as the sole basis for determining whether anyone had been infected.We unfortunately see unscrupulous actors marketing fraudulent test kits and using the pandemic as an opportunity to take advantage of Americans anxiety, they said in the statement. Some test developers have falsely claimed their serology tests are F.D.A. approved or authorized. Others have falsely claimed that their tests can diagnose Covid-19 or that they are for at-home testing.Dr. Shah and Dr. Shuren also pointed to the N.I.H. evaluation that showed a number of tests producing faulty results. The F.D.A. declined to provide details on the number of tests that were studied, or how many did not work. They also said that the F.D.A. is reviewing more than 200 antibody tests to determine whether they work well enough to get the agencys go-ahead.Scott Becker, the chief executive of the Association of Public Health Laboratories, was pleased by the F.D.A.s announcement, which he said would improve the quality of antibody tests. He also said the crackdown comes six weeks too late.The Food and Drug Administration made the right decision by walking back its policy on serology testing for Covid-19, Mr. Becker said. Weve long been concerned that allowing tests on the market that have not been approved and authorized for use is a recipe for disaster.In addition, as states and cities look for ways to reopen businesses, Dr. Hahn said on Monday: Whether a test should be a ticket for someone to go back to work as the sole item, my opinion on that would be no, because there are a lot of unanswered questions.


Credit...Jim Wilson/The New York TimesJune 30, 2018WASHINGTON On the final day of the Supreme Court term last week, Justice Elena Kagan sounded an alarm.The courts five conservative members, citing the First Amendment, had just dealt public unions a devastating blow. The day before, the same majority had used the First Amendment to reject a California law requiring religiously oriented crisis pregnancy centers to provide women with information about abortion.Conservatives, said Justice Kagan, who is part of the courts four-member liberal wing, were weaponizing the First Amendment.The two decisions were the latest in a stunning run of victories for a conservative agenda that has increasingly been built on the foundation of free speech. Conservative groups, borrowing and building on arguments developed by liberals, have used the First Amendment to justify unlimited campaign spending, discrimination against gay couples and attacks on the regulation of tobacco, pharmaceuticals and guns.The right, which had for years been hostile to and very nervous about a strong First Amendment, has rediscovered it, said Burt Neuborne, a law professor at New York University.The Citizens United campaign finance case, for instance, was decided on free-speech grounds, with the five-justice conservative majority ruling that the First Amendment protects unlimited campaign spending by corporations. The government, the majority said, has no business regulating political speech.The dissenters responded that the First Amendment did not require allowing corporate money to flood the political marketplace and corrupt democracy.The libertarian position has become dominant on the right on First Amendment issues, said Ilya Shapiro, a lawyer with the Cato Institute. It simply means that we should be skeptical of government attempts to regulate speech. That used to be an uncontroversial and nonideological point. Whats now being called the libertarian position on speech was in the 1960s the liberal position on speech.And an increasingly conservative judiciary has been more than a little receptive to this argument. A new analysis prepared for The New York Times found that the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. has been far more likely to embrace free-speech arguments concerning conservative speech than liberal speech. That is a sharp break from earlier eras.As a result, liberals who once championed expansive First Amendment rights are now uneasy about them.The left was once not just on board but leading in supporting the broadest First Amendment protections, said Floyd Abrams, a prominent First Amendment lawyer and a supporter of broad free-speech rights. Now the progressive community is at least skeptical and sometimes distraught at the level of First Amendment protection which is being afforded in cases brought by litigants on the right.Many on the left have traded an absolutist commitment to free speech for one sensitive to the harms it can inflict.Take pornography and street protests. Liberals were once largely united in fighting to protect sexually explicit materials from government censorship. Now many on the left see pornography as an assault on womens rights.In 1977, many liberals supported the right of the American Nazi Party to march among Holocaust survivors in Skokie, Ill. Far fewer supported the free-speech rights of the white nationalists who marched last year in Charlottesville, Va.There was a certain navet in how liberals used to approach free speech, said Frederick Schauer, a law professor at the University of Virginia.Because so many free-speech claims of the 1950s and 1960s involved anti-obscenity claims, or civil rights and anti-Vietnam War protests, it was easy for the left to sympathize with the speakers or believe that speech in general was harmless, he said. But the claim that speech was harmless or causally inert was never true, even if it has taken recent events to convince the left of that. The question, then, is why the left ever believed otherwise.Some liberals now say that free speech disproportionately protects the powerful and the status quo.When I was younger, I had more of the standard liberal view of civil liberties, said Louis Michael Seidman, a law professor at Georgetown. And Ive gradually changed my mind about it. What I have come to see is that its a mistake to think of free speech as an effective means to accomplish a more just society.To the contrary, free speech reinforces and amplifies injustice, Catharine A. MacKinnon, a law professor at the University of Michigan, wrote in The Free Speech Century, a collection of essays to be published this year.Once a defense of the powerless, the First Amendment over the last hundred years has mainly become a weapon of the powerful, she wrote. Legally, what was, toward the beginning of the 20th century, a shield for radicals, artists and activists, socialists and pacifists, the excluded and the dispossessed, has become a sword for authoritarians, racists and misogynists, Nazis and Klansmen, pornographers and corporations buying elections.ImageCredit...Jose R. Lopez/The New York TimesChanging InterpretationsIn the great First Amendment cases in the middle of the 20th century, few conservatives spoke up for the protection of political dissenters, including communists and civil rights leaders, comedians using vulgar language on the airwaves or artists exploring sexuality in novels and on film.In 1971, Robert H. Bork, then a prominent conservative law professor and later a federal judge and Supreme Court nominee, wrote that the First Amendment should be interpreted narrowly in a law-review article that remains one of the most-cited of all time.Constitutional protection should be accorded only to speech that is explicitly political, he wrote. There is no basis for judicial intervention to protect any other form of expression, be it scientific, literary or that variety of expression we call obscene or pornographic.But a transformative ruling by the Supreme Court five years later began to change that thinking. The case, a challenge to a state law that banned advertising the prices of prescription drugs, was filed by Public Citizen, a consumer rights group founded by Ralph Nader. The group argued that the law hurt consumers, and helped persuade the court, in Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, to protect advertising and other commercial speech.The only dissent in the decision came from Justice William H. Rehnquist, the courts most conservative member.Kathleen M. Sullivan, a former dean of Stanford Law School, wrote that it did not take long for corporations to see the opportunities presented by the decision.While the case was litigated by consumer protection advocates, she wrote in the Harvard Law Review, corporate speakers soon became the principal beneficiaries of subsequent rulings that, for example, struck down restrictions on including alcohol content on beer can labels, limitations on outdoor tobacco advertising near schools and rules governing how compounded drugs may be advertised.That trend has continued, with businesses mounting First Amendment challenges to gun control laws, securities regulations, country-of-origin labels, graphic cigarette warnings and limits on off-label drug marketing.I was a bit queasy about it because I had the sense that we were unleashing something, but nowhere near what happened, Mr. Nader said. It was one of the biggest boomerangs in judicial cases ever.I couldnt be Merlin, he added. We never thought the judiciary would be as conservative or corporate. This was an expansion that was not preordained by doctrine. It was preordained by the political philosophies of judges.Not all of the liberal scholars and lawyers who helped create modern First Amendment law are disappointed. Martin Redish, a law professor at Northwestern University, who wrote a seminal 1971 article proposing First Amendment protection for commercial speech, said he was pleased with the Roberts courts decisions.Its most important contributions are in the commercial speech and corporate speech areas, he said. Its a workmanlike, common sense approach.Liberals also played a key role in creating modern campaign finance law in Buckley v. Valeo, the 1976 decision that struck down limits on political spending by individuals and was the basis for Citizens United, the 2010 decision that did away with similar limits for corporations and unions.One plaintiff was Senator Eugene J. McCarthy, Democrat of Minnesota, who had challenged President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1968 presidential primaries from the left. Another was the American Civil Liberties Unions New York affiliate.Professor Neuborne, a former A.C.L.U. lawyer, said he now regrets the role he played in winning the case. I signed the brief in Buckley, he said. Im going to spend long amounts of time in purgatory.To Professor Seidman, cases like these were part of what he describes as a right-wing takeover of the First Amendment since the liberal victories in the years Chief Justice Earl Warren led the Supreme Court.With the receding of Warren court liberalism, free-speech law took a sharp right turn, Professor Seidman wrote in a new article to be published in the Columbia Law Review. Instead of providing a shield for the powerless, the First Amendment became a sword used by people at the apex of the American hierarchy of power. Among its victims: proponents of campaign finance reform, opponents of cigarette addiction, the L.B.G.T.Q. community, labor unions, animal rights advocates, environmentalists, targets of hate speech and abortion providers.The title of the article asked, Can Free Speech Be Progressive?The answer, the article said, is no.Shifting RightThe right turn has been even more pronounced under Chief Justice Roberts.The Supreme Court has agreed to hear a larger share of First Amendment cases concerning conservative speech than earlier courts had, according to the study prepared for The Times. And it has ruled in favor of conservative speech at a higher rate than liberal speech as compared to earlier courts.The courts docket reflects something new and distinctive about the Roberts court, according to the study, which was conducted by Lee Epstein, a law professor and political scientist at Washington University in St. Louis; Andrew D. Martin, a political scientist at the University of Michigan and the dean of its College of Literature, Science and the Arts; and Kevin Quinn, a political scientist at the University of Michigan.The Roberts court more than any modern court has trained its sights on speech promoting conservative values, the study found. Only the current court has resolved a higher fraction of disputes challenging the suppression of conservative rather than liberal expression.The court led by Chief Justice Earl Warren from 1953 to 1969 was almost exclusively concerned with cases concerning liberal speech. Of its 60 free-expression cases, only five, or about 8 percent, challenged the suppression of conservative speech.The proportion of challenges to restrictions on conservative speech has steadily increased. It rose to 22 percent in the court led by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger from 1969 to 1986; to 42 percent in the court led by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist from 1986 to 2005; and to 65 percent in the Roberts court.The Roberts court does more than hear a larger proportion of cases concerning conservative expression. It is also far more likely than earlier courts to rule for conservative speech than for liberal speech. The result, the study found, has been a fundamental transformation of the courts free-expression agenda.In past decades, broad coalitions of justices have often been receptive to First Amendment arguments. The court has protected videos of animal cruelty, hateful protests at military funerals, violent video games and lies about military awards, often by lopsided margins.But last weeks two First Amendment blockbusters were decided by 5-to-4 votes, with the conservatives in the majority ruling in favor of conservative plaintiffs.On Tuesday, Justice Clarence Thomas wrote for the majority that requiring health clinics opposed to abortion to tell women how to obtain the procedure violated the clinics free-speech rights. In dissent, Justice Stephen G. Breyer said that was a misuse of First Amendment principles.Using the First Amendment to strike down economic and social laws that legislatures long would have thought themselves free to enact will, for the American public, obscure, not clarify, the true value of protecting freedom of speech, Justice Breyer wrote.On Wednesday, in announcing the decision on public unions, Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. said the court was applying settled and neutral First Amendment principles to protect workers from being forced to say things at odds with their beliefs. He suggested that the decision on public unions should have been unanimous.Compelling individuals to mouth support for views they find objectionable violates that cardinal constitutional command, and in most contexts, any such effort would be universally condemned, he wrote. Suppose, for example, that the State of Illinois required all residents to sign a document expressing support for a particular set of positions on controversial public issues say, the platform of one of the major political parties. No one, we trust, would seriously argue that the First Amendment permits this.In response, Justice Kagan said the courts conservatives had found a dangerous tool, turning the First Amendment into a sword. The United States, she said, should brace itself.Speech is everywhere a part of every human activity (employment, health care, securities trading, you name it), she wrote. For that reason, almost all economic and regulatory policy affects or touches speech. So the majoritys road runs long. And at every stop are black-robed rulers overriding citizens choices.


Before Coming Out, a Hard Time Growing UpVideoMichael Sam, a defensive end at Missouri who will enter the N.F.L. draft, announced Sunday that he was gay. People in his hometown of Hitchcock, Tex., and on his college team voiced their support.CreditCredit...John Francis Peters for The New York TimesFeb. 11, 2014COLUMBIA, Mo. Michael Sam was the loud country boy who wore a tank top and a cowboy hat. He was the smooth-singing baritone who could irritate his coaches and crack up his teammates with his improvised songs.He was one of the best players to come out of tiny Hitchcock, Tex., where his family was well known for all the wrong reasons. He was an all-American and defensive terror on the football field. He was a regular at the gay club, where the bartenders knew him by name.Sam introduced himself to the world Sunday night as a National Football League prospect who happens to be gay. Now he is poised to become a trailblazer in a violent and macho world that will scrutinize his every action and turn his private life into a very public debate.But Sam has never had it easy. He grew up about 40 miles southeast of Houston near Galveston Bay in Texas, the seventh of eight children. Three of his siblings have died and two brothers are in prison. He lived briefly in the back seat of his mothers car, and his relationship with his family remains complicated: When he visits home, he usually stays with friends.Sams life has transformed overnight. His announcement this week prompted a state senator in Missouri to seek legislation to bar discrimination based on sexual orientation. His courage has been hailed by teammates, famous athletes, countless football fans and President Obama and the first lady.But to get a sense of the challenges awaiting Sam, look no further than his father.Last Tuesday, Michael Sam Sr. was at a Dennys near his home outside Dallas to celebrate his birthday when his son sent him a text message.Dad, Im gay, he wrote.The party stopped cold. I couldnt eat no more, so I went to Applebees to have drinks, Sam Sr. said. I dont want my grandkids raised in that kind of environment.Im old school, he added. Im a man-and-a-woman type of guy. As evidence, he pointed out that he had taken an older son to Mexico to lose his virginity.ImageCredit...Scott Dalton for The New York TimesOn Sunday night, just after Michael Sam announced his intention to make sports history, his father was still struggling with the news.Sam Sr. loves his son, and he said he hoped his son made it to the N.F.L. As a black man, we have so many hurdles to cross, he said. This is just one he has to cross.But he expressed discomfort at the very idea of a gay N.F.L. player, even if the player was his son. He grumbled that Deacon Jones, the Hall of Fame defensive end renowned for his toughness, is turning over in his grave.Michael Sam had anticipated his familys uneasiness. In an interview Sunday in North Hollywood, Calif., he spoke about his tough upbringing, which he said was more challenging than the decision to come out publicly.Im closer to my friends than I am to my family, Sam said.He declined to speak beyond the initial interview Sunday.Indeed, Sam had begun telling small groups of his University of Missouri teammates that he was gay two years earlier. In August, he told the whole group, along with the coaching staff. Most of them already knew.If he was not quite public about his sexuality, he certainly was not hiding it. His self-confidence blossomed, along with his game.I think mostly why Mike had such a great season this year is that he could be himself, said LDamian Washington, a wide receiver and close friend. He got that big boulder off his back. Like, finally. I think it was a huge relief. He could be himself and not always be hiding something from everybody.ImageCredit...Scott Dalton for The New York TimesThe Notorious SamsAs a boy growing up in Hitchcock, Michael Sam may not yet have known exactly who he was, but he did know what he needed. He needed to play sports. He needed to be part of a team.Life had hardly been kind to him or his family. Michael Sr. and his mother, JoAnn Sam, were separated after having eight children. He went to North Texas to work as a trucker. She tried to keep what was left of her family together.A sister drowned when she was 2, before Michael was born, when another child accidentally knocked her off a fishing pier. Another brother, Russell, was 15 when he was shot and killed trying to break into a home, in what his father said was part of a gang initiation. Another brother, Julian, has not been heard from since he left for work one day in 1998; his family believes he is dead. Two others are in jail.It was very hard growing up in that environment, Sam said. My family was very notorious in the town that we lived in. Everyone would say, There goes those damn Sams. I didnt want to paint that ill picture of me. I knew the good in my family. They didnt know our background and the adversity we had to endure. I wanted to succeed and be a beacon of hope in my family.If trouble runs deep in the Sam family, so does religion. And it, too, was a source of conflict. JoAnn is a member of the Jehovahs Witnesses, who do not celebrate holidays or believe in most birth control and generally shun participation in organized sports. Michael Sr. comes from a large Baptist family, and his father was a long-serving deacon at a church in nearby Texas City, Tex.But it was Sams desire to play football that caused a rift with his mother she believed that sports distracted from the mission of service. Sam simply saw football as salvation.There were confrontations, Michael said. I love my mother dearly. But I needed sports. I needed sports to make sure I cant get in trouble, to make sure I didnt do anything bad.Efforts to reach JoAnn Sam through her son, friends and at listed phone numbers and addresses failed.ImageCredit...Scott Dalton for The New York TimesNobody in Sams family had attended college, and Sam did not believe he would be the first. But as he coped with a disjointed family and wrestled with his sexuality, one certainty emerged in his life: He needed to get out of Hitchcock. He knew his best chance was through football.A Second HomeHitchcock High School sits on a long, quiet road, between a general store and the First Baptist Church. Freight trains rumble nearby. On fall nights, many of the towns 7,000 residents gather at the stadium to watch their Bulldogs play.It was there that Sam developed a controlled fury that helped him sack quarterbacks and collar running backs. It was there that he found an extended family that includes a prominent banker, an old football coach and a 3-year-old goddaughter named Peighton, who sees him adoringly as a giant.Sam began his football career as a water boy. In junior high school, Craig Smith, the football coach, saw that Sam was athletically blessed and, even better, hungry for guidance and camaraderie. The coaches drafted him to carry equipment and hang around the squad.At the start of high school, Smith put him in the starting lineup on the varsity team. Sam was already so much bigger than his teammates that he stood in the back row of the teams yearbook photograph.Sam was a natural peacemaker, but he was not afraid to use his size when needed. When he saw Robert Dohman, a friend since elementary school, with a busted lip outside a local mall, he waded into a crowd of two dozen and lifted the offender into the air.What do you know about jumping the white boy in the parking lot? Sam shouted, according to Dohman.The crowd scattered.He was trying to protect me, Dohman said.By his sophomore year, Sam played on the offensive and defensive lines. How good was he? Coach Smith did not know: Hitchcock, with only 300 students, was hardly a football powerhouse.ImageCredit...August Kryger for The New York TimesBut Smith had a hint of his potential in Sams senior year when the Bulldogs played Chavez High School, a much bigger school in Houston. It was the teams first game after Hurricane Ike devastated the region and closed the school for several weeks.Chavezs star was an all-American defensive tackle named Michael Brockers, who was bound for Louisiana State University. In 2012, the St. Louis Rams drafted him in the first round. Sam more than kept up with Brockers.We knew right then and there that Michael could really play with anybody, Smith said.Sam found a comfortable place off the field as well, in large part because of Ethan Purl, a classmate and the son of Ron Purl, the president of the local branch of Prosperity Bank.Rons wife, Candy, made sure their house was part recreation center and part counseling hub for their children and their friends. By Sams senior year, he had his own bedroom in the Purls house, along with chores like cleaning the pool and carrying the grocery bags.I look at our house as a kind of safe haven, said Ron Purl, who keeps a photograph of Sam in his Missouri football uniform in his office. He is just another son. If he did something wrong, he got yelled at just like the others did.It was the Purls who drove Sam from Texas to middle Missouri. It seemed like an improbable trip at the time.I didnt even dream of going to college, Sam said. College was not in my definition. If somebody told me I was going to play for the Missouri Tigers in 2009, I would laugh at them.Casual DisclosuresSam may have been big for Hitchcock, but he was small on Missouris defensive line. The coaches did not know what to make of their undersize freshman.ImageCredit...August Kryger for The New York TimesHe was a two-star recruit, said Pat Ivey, an associate athletic director who oversees the strength department. I didnt really see him being an all-American.At first, Sams teammates intimidated him. His affinity for Harry Potter books made him stand out. He was noisy and could not sit still. But he won the group over with improvised songs that ribbed teammates or described their grueling practices.Hes got a motor that never stops, defensive lineman Derrion Thomas said. He is a big personality, and when he started with the songs, you just knew that mind never stopped.The same went for his mouth.He drove me crazy, Coach Gary Pinkel said. He never shut up. I knew when he was in my office talking to the secretary. Id get up and shut the door.Before his senior year, Sam had begun telling those closest to him who he really was. He skipped the dramatic pronouncements in favor of casual disclosures. In a phone call to a high school friend, Tyler Sander, Sam confided that he was having romantic troubles. If Sander had been around more during the Christmas break, Sam said, You would have met him.There was a pause and I was like, Him? Sander said.He was like, Yeah, Im gay.Sander and Sam had a long conversation that night that made them even closer. Now theres nothing to hide, Sander said. We can literally talk to each other about anything.Two years ago during Christmas break, Sam brought home a friend from the swimming team, a man. His second family, the Purls, did not ask any questions. When Sam called Ron Purl later to say that he was gay, Purl assured him that he was perfectly fine with it and already knew.His teammates had similar reactions.I practiced across from him three years, and it was just war, said Elvis Fisher, an offensive lineman and captain of the 2012 Missouri team. You dont set out wanting to know each others life, but you spend so much time with each other you cant help but know them. I knew, and I love the guy.ImageCredit...August Kryger for The New York TimesA Singular SeasonBy last August, Sams sexuality was an open secret here. He had told a professor he was gay and had become a genial presence at the SoCo Club in Columbia, a nightclub and cabaret that hosts regular drag shows, among other events.Marty Newman, SoCos owner and general manager, said Sam was open about who he was: a gay man and a football star. He was happy to talk sports with the bartenders and anyone else.No one felt the need to out him, Newman said. He was respected here and was allowed to be himself.In Sams senior season, Missouri finished 12-2 and won the Cotton Bowl. He made first-team all-American and was voted by his teammates as Missouris most valuable player.On Monday, Pinkel tried to put in words a singular season that began with his noisiest players startling announcement, and ended with dozens of men standing by their teammate in the national spotlight.Pretty cool, was the best he could do.On Saturday night, over Chinese food at the home of his publicist, Howard Bragman, Sam was joined by an exclusive group: the fraternity of publicly gay athletes and their peers who have made a cause of supporting them.Dave Kopay and Wade Davis, who came out as gay after retiring from professional football, and Bill Bean, who did so after retiring from professional baseball, were there, along with Brendon Ayanbadejo and Chris Kluwe, two former N.F.L. players who have been outspoken in their support of gay rights.It was a chance to celebrate Sam on his last night of relative anonymity, but it was also a way to tell him about the world he was diving into.Kopay, a 71-year-old former running back, playfully punched Sam a couple of times to emphasize just how intensely he would have to work. He also reminded Sam that if they had been freshmen together in 1960, Sam, as a black man, would not have been entirely welcome. (Norris Stevenson broke the color barrier for Missouri in 1957.)Well, youre just taking another step forward now, Kopay said.Kluwe told him he would not have many problems with players. Theyre there to play football, he said.The men in charge will pose problems, Kluwe said. Its the general managers and coaches who are going to say its a distraction.Then theres the public at large, the millions of sports fans who will soon see a publicly gay player standing tall on an N.F.L. teams defensive line. It is too early to know how they will react, but perhaps the evolution in Sams own family offers a clue.I believe in a persons destiny, his aunt Geraldine Sam said. If thats the way he is, Im not trying to put my religious beliefs on anyone. I respect people for who they are, not who we want them to be.


Credit...Laurent Cipriani/Associated PressNov. 20, 2018BRUSSELS Gathered at a glitzy Dubai resort this week for their annual conference, the leaders of Interpol hoped to emerge from the shadow of the controversy that erupted after Beijing snatched the agencys Chinese president and unilaterally announced his resignation.Yet, just weeks later, Interpol appears poised to select as its next president a senior security official from Russia, which has been accused of manipulating the agencys arrest warrants to harass its enemies.American and European officials were lobbying behind the scenes to tip a vote on Wednesday away from the Russian candidate, Aleksandr V. Prokopchuk. The virulently anti-Russian Ukranian government went public, declaring that Mr. Prokopchuks candidacy was part of a Kremlin assault on the international order.For years, the Kremlin has used Interpol to demand the arrest of political enemies who have fled to other countries. This spring, William F. Browder, a critic of President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, live-tweeted his arrest in Spain on a warrant issued in Moscow. He was quickly released, but the incident served as a reminder that Interpols vaunted systems remain vulnerable to Kremlin influence even after years of pressure from lawyers and rights groups.Despite its portrayal in spy movies as an omnipotent global police force, Interpol has no powers to investigate crimes or to make arrests. Rather, it serves as a sort of United Nations for police leaders and an information clearinghouse to help the local authorities catch international fugitives. The police can ask Interpol to approve international warrants, known as red notices, requesting the detention of fugitives around the world.For more than a decade, Mr. Prokopchuk has served in a department of the Russian Interior Ministry that has flooded Interpol with such requests. Interpol has repeatedly rejected warrant applications that it sees as fabricated or baldly political. Undeterred, Russia has sought more of a different type of warrant, known as a diffusion, which is circulated by Interpol but is not subject to its review.In a telephone interview, Mr. Browder described Mr. Prokopchuk as a nameless faceless bureaucrat who takes orders directly from the Kremlin.I cant imagine a more inappropriate person than a person who has been the architect of the abuse doled out to me by Russia at Interpol, Mr. Browder said at a news conference in London on Tuesday. This is a perfect way for Putin to basically breathe the fear of God into all of his enemies so they know they cant even escape Russia if one of his guys is at the head of Interpol.As criticism mounted this week, Mr. Putins spokesman, Dmitri S. Peskov, denounced what he called a particular kind of interference in elections at an international organization, according to the Russian state news agency Ria Novosti.The presidency of Interpol is in many ways a ceremonial position with little power to influence the issuance of warrants. Nevertheless, elevating a Russian in the face of such criticism would be a public relations coup for Mr. Putin. It would also be a setback for international lawyers, who have credited Interpol as taking steps in recent years to tighten administrative controls.If you have an organization where part of the job is to keep the chickens safe, and the head of the organization O.K., he doesnt really do much, but hes a fox? It sends a message, said Michelle Estlund, an American defense lawyer who tracks Interpol and its issuance of red notices. They can say, Dont worry, the fox doesnt really guard the hen house. But hes there.The president is selected by the Interpol General Assembly, which is made up of delegates from its member countries. Each country gets one vote, there is no veto, and the winner must carry two-thirds of the vote. Former colleagues say Mr. Prokopchuk, a current vice president, is regarded as well qualified, and members are encouraged to vote for the individual, not the country.ImageCredit...Valery Sharifulin/TASS, via Getty ImagesMr. Prokopchuk, a university graduate who speaks six languages, does not fit the image that many foreigners and many Russians have of Russian police officers as boorish brutes. He is well spoken, highly educated and has a long record of pushing for closer cooperation between police services in Russia and the West.American and European diplomats are backing Mr. Prokopchuks chief opponent, Kim Jong-yang of South Korea. American officials said they would not discuss their efforts, saying the vote would be carried out in secret.But the deputy attorney general, Rod J. Rosenstein, addressed the Interpol conference this week and took aim at governments that provided safe havens to cybercriminals while trying to game the international warrant system criticisms that the United States has had of Russia for years.We will continue to support legitimate investigations and prosecutions conducted by our Interpol partners, Mr. Rosenstein said. At the same time, we will expose schemes to manipulate the extradition process.Ronald Noble, who served for more than a decade as Interpols executive secretary the agencys senior operational position said that institutional safeguards would prevent any president from politicizing warrants.In terms of the day-to-day operations of Interpol, it will have zero political impact, he said. Since Aleksandr is the only active police officer running for president, his election would prove that delegates were voting for the police professional and not against Russia.But Jago Russell, the chief executive of Fair Trials International, a rights group based in London, argued in a letter to Interpol this week that countries that meddle with the agencys systems should not be rewarded with the presidency.He said that was particularly true after the disappearance last month of Meng Hongwei, whose resignation was announced by Beijing but whose fate has never been explained. Interpol has requested more information from China but has generally declared his disappearance a local matter.It is our belief that his presidency and his recent resignation have unfortunately undermined the organizations reputation, Mr. Russell wrote, referring to Mr. Meng.Mr. Meng, who was also Chinas vice minister of public security, vanished early last month during a visit from France, where Interpol is based. Several days later, the Chinese government produced a brief resignation in his name and said he had been detained on charges of bribery and other crimes. His wife, Grace Meng, has said those charges are politically motivated.China has an opaque, highly politicized legal system one that critics said should have given Interpol pause about making Mr. Meng president to begin with and the government has provided few details about Mr. Mengs whereabouts or the charges against him.But Interpol said it had little choice but to let the Chinese process continue. Jrgen Stock, the agencys secretary general, told The Financial Times that he had asked for more information. But again, on the other hand, we also have to accept that China says there are investigations going on and they are deciding about the next steps, he said.Rutsel Silvestre J. Martha, a former Interpol general counsel who now represents Mr. Mengs family, accused Interpol of rolling over for China in the face of violations of international law. In a telephone interview, Mr. Martha said the organization faced a crucial test that is larger than who wins the presidency, comparing it to Interpols darkest days, when Interpol allowed itself to be co-opted by the Nazis and then refused to help pursue German war criminals after World War II.If the organization allows whats happening in individual countries to impact its governance, then the organization isnt doing what it needs to do, Mr. Martha said. They need to make it a priority to ensure the organization never goes that way again.