


"""simple docstring"""



from math import pi, sqrt, tan







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float )	->						int:


    """simple docstring"""





    if side_length < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_cube() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 6 * side_length**2







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						int:


    """simple docstring"""





    if length < 0 or breadth < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 2 * ((length * breadth) + (breadth * height) + (length * height))







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float )	->						List[str]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_sphere() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 4 * pi * radius**2







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float )	->						List[Any]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 3 * pi * radius**2







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Dict:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return pi * radius * (radius + (height**2 + radius**2) ** 0.5)







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Tuple:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError(
            "surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values" )
    snake_case    :      Tuple      					=    (height**2 + (radius_a - radius_a) ** 2) ** 0.5
    return pi * ((slant_height * (radius_a + radius_a)) + radius_a**2 + radius_a**2)







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						List[str]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 2 * pi * radius * (height + radius)







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						str:


    """simple docstring"""





    if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
        raise ValueError("surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values" )
    if torus_radius < tube_radius:
        raise ValueError(
            "surface_area_torus() does not support spindle or self intersecting tori" )
    return 4 * pow(_snake_case						,							2 ) * torus_radius * tube_radius







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						List[Any]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if length < 0 or width < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return length * width







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float )	->						List[str]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if side_length < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_square() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return side_length**2







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Optional[Any]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if base < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return (base * height) / 2







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						int:


    """simple docstring"""





    if sidea < 0 or sidea < 0 or sidea < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values" )
    elif sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea:
        raise ValueError("Given three sides do not form a triangle" )
    snake_case    :      Tuple      					=    (sidea + sidea + sidea) / 2
    snake_case    :      Dict      					=    sqrt(
        semi_perimeter
        * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
        * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
        * (semi_perimeter - sidea) )
    return area







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Optional[int]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if base < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return base * height







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Optional[int]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if basea < 0 or basea < 0 or height < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 1 / 2 * (basea + basea) * height







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float )	->						Optional[Any]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_circle() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return pi * radius**2







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Tuple:


    """simple docstring"""





    if radius_x < 0 or radius_y < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return pi * radius_x * radius_y







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  float						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Optional[Any]:


    """simple docstring"""





    if diagonal_a < 0 or diagonal_a < 0:
        raise ValueError("area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values" )
    return 1 / 2 * diagonal_a * diagonal_a







def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  int						,							lowercase  :  float )	->						Tuple:


    """simple docstring"""





    if not isinstance(_snake_case						,							_snake_case ) or sides < 3:
        raise ValueError(
            "area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or \\nequal to three as number of sides" )
    elif length < 0:
        raise ValueError(
            "area_reg_polygon() only accepts non-negative values as \\nlength of a side" )
    return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides ))
    return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides ))


if __name__ == "__main__":
  import doctest

  doctest.testmod(verbose=True)  # verbose so we can see methods missing tests

  print("""[DEMO] Areas of various geometric shapes: \n""")
  print(F'''Rectangle: {area_rectangle(10, 20) = }''')
  print(F'''Square: {area_square(10) = }''')
  print(F'''Triangle: {area_triangle(10, 10) = }''')
  print(F'''Triangle: {area_triangle_three_sides(5, 12, 13) = }''')
  print(F'''Parallelogram: {area_parallelogram(10, 20) = }''')
  print(F'''Rhombus: {area_rhombus(10, 20) = }''')
  print(F'''Trapezium: {area_trapezium(10, 20, 30) = }''')
  print(F'''Circle: {area_circle(20) = }''')
  print(F'''Ellipse: {area_ellipse(10, 20) = }''')
  print("""\nSurface Areas of various geometric shapes: \n""")
  print(F'''Cube: {surface_area_cube(20) = }''')
  print(F'''Cuboid: {surface_area_cuboid(10, 20, 30) = }''')
  print(F'''Sphere: {surface_area_sphere(20) = }''')
  print(F'''Hemisphere: {surface_area_hemisphere(20) = }''')
  print(F'''Cone: {surface_area_cone(10, 20) = }''')
  print(F'''Conical Frustum: {surface_area_conical_frustum(10, 20, 30) = }''')
  print(F'''Cylinder: {surface_area_cylinder(10, 20) = }''')
  print(F'''Torus: {surface_area_torus(20, 10) = }''')
  print(F'''Equilateral Triangle: {area_reg_polygon(3, 10) = }''')
  print(F'''Square: {area_reg_polygon(4, 10) = }''')
  print(F'''Reqular Pentagon: {area_reg_polygon(5, 10) = }''')









"""simple docstring"""





def    _snake_case  (  _snake_case :	list	):

      def merge(_snake_case :	list       ,      _snake_case :	list	) -> list:

            def _merge():
                  while left and right:
                        yield (left if left[0] <= right[0] else right).pop(0	)
                  yield from left
                  yield from right

            return list(_merge()	)

      if len(_snake_case	) <= 1:
            return collection
      lowerCAmelCase    :		Union[str, Any]				=      len(_snake_case	) // 2
      return merge(merge_sort(collection[:mid]	)       ,      merge_sort(collection[mid:]	)	)


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()
 snake_case__						:   Optional[Any]			 = input('''Enter numbers separated by a comma:\n''').strip()
 snake_case__						:   Union[str, Any]			 = [int(item) for item in user_input.split(''',''')]
 print(*merge_sort(unsorted), sep=''',''')


