




'''simple docstring'''




from math import loga





def      a_							(      __snake_case							:			int   )							->						int:



       """simple docstring"""
       if a < 0:
              raise ValueError('''Input value must be a positive integer'''   )
       elif isinstance(__snake_case   ,       __snake_case   ):
              raise TypeError('''Input value must be a \'int\' type'''   )
       return 0 if (a == 0) else int(loga(a & -a   )   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()







def 			A_      (    _UpperCAmelCase				,	_UpperCAmelCase				,	_UpperCAmelCase				,	_UpperCAmelCase				,	_UpperCAmelCase				,	):
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_: Optional[int]  		=       [redshift, radiation_density, matter_density, dark_energy]
						if any(p < 0 for p in parameters    ):
												raise ValueError("All input parameters must be positive"    )

						if any(p > 1 for p in parameters[1:4]    ):
												raise ValueError("Relative densities cannot be greater than one"    )
						else:
												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_: int  		=       1 - (matter_density + radiation_density + dark_energy)

												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_: Dict  		=       (
												    radiation_density * (redshift + 1) ** 4
												    + matter_density * (redshift + 1) ** 3
												    + curvature * (redshift + 1) ** 2
												    + dark_energy
												)

												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_: Any  		=       hubble_constant * e_a ** (1 / 2)
												return hubble


if __name__ == "__main__":
						import doctest

						# run doctest
						doctest.testmod()

						# demo LCDM approximation
						lowerCAmelCase							:  List[Any]   	=						0.3

						print(
						    hubble_parameter(
						        hubble_constant=68.3,
						        radiation_density=1E-4,
						        matter_density=matter_density,
						        dark_energy=1 - matter_density,
						        redshift=0,
						    )
						)






