


"""simple docstring"""



def   __lowerCAmelCase						(						lowercase  :  int = 400_0000 )	->						Any:


    """simple docstring"""





    snake_case    :      int      					=    [0, 1]
    snake_case    :      List[str]      					=    0
    while fib[i] <= n:
        fib.append(fib[i] + fib[i + 1] )
        if fib[i + 2] > n:
            break
        i += 1
    snake_case    :      str      					=    0
    for j in range(len(__snake_case ) - 1 ):
        if fib[j] % 2 == 0:
            total += fib[j]

    return total


if __name__ == "__main__":
  print(F'''{solution() = }''')













import inspect
import logging
import os
import random
import shutil
import tempfile
import unittest

import pytest
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDataset

from accelerate import Accelerator
from accelerate.test_utils import execute_subprocess_async, require_cuda
from accelerate.utils import ProjectConfiguration, set_seed


__UpperCAmelCase								=						logging.getLogger(__name__)




def      lowercase__      (     __snake_case    :							List[Any]=2     ,       __snake_case    :							Union[str, Any]=3     ,       __snake_case    :							Any=16     ,       __snake_case    :							int = 10     ,       __snake_case    :							int = 2  ):


					'''simple docstring'''


					def get_dataset(__snake_case    :							Optional[Any]  ):
										UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						torch.randn(batch_size * n_batches     ,       1  )
										return TensorDataset(__snake_case     ,       a * x + b + 0.1 * torch.randn(batch_size * n_batches     ,       1  )  )

					UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						get_dataset(__snake_case  )
					UpperCAmelCase_    :      str            =						get_dataset(__snake_case  )
					UpperCAmelCase_    :      int            =						DataLoader(__snake_case     ,       shuffle=__snake_case     ,       batch_size=__snake_case     ,       num_workers=4  )
					UpperCAmelCase_    :      int            =						DataLoader(__snake_case     ,       shuffle=__snake_case     ,       batch_size=__snake_case     ,       num_workers=4  )
					return (train_dataloader, valid_dataloader)




def      lowercase__      (     __snake_case    :							Optional[int]     ,       __snake_case    :							str     ,       __snake_case    :							Optional[int]     ,       __snake_case    :							List[str]     ,       __snake_case    :							Any     ,       __snake_case    :							Tuple=None  ):


					'''simple docstring'''


					UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						[]
					for epoch in range(__snake_case  ):
										# Train quickly
										model.train()
										for batch in dataloader:
															UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[Any]            =						batch
															UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[Any]            =						model(__snake_case  )
															UpperCAmelCase_    :      int            =						torch.nn.functional.mse_loss(__snake_case     ,       __snake_case  )
															accelerator.backward(__snake_case  )
															optimizer.step()
															optimizer.zero_grad()
										rands.append(random.random()  )  # Introduce some randomness
										if scheduler is not None:
															scheduler.step()
					return rands



class   lowerCamelCase      (nn.Module			):







		'''simple docstring'''



		def __init__(							self   )	->							Optional[Any]:
							super().__init__()
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[Any]            =						nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1   )   )
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1   )   )



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self				,		_UpperCamelCase   )	->							Optional[Any]:
							return x * self.a + self.b





class   lowerCamelCase      (unittest.TestCase			):







		'''simple docstring'''



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							Dict:
							with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[str]            =						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters()				,		lr=1E-3   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						dummy_dataloaders()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						ProjectConfiguration(total_limit=1				,		project_dir=_UpperCamelCase				,		automatic_checkpoint_naming=_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Train baseline
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						Accelerator(project_config=_UpperCamelCase   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      str            =						accelerator.prepare(
												    _UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save initial
												accelerator.save_state()

												# Save second state
												accelerator.save_state()
												self.assertEqual(len(os.listdir(accelerator.project_dir   )   )				,		1   )



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							int:
							with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      str            =						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters()				,		lr=1E-3   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						dummy_dataloaders()
												# Train baseline
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						Accelerator()
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						accelerator.prepare(
												    _UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save initial
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'initial'   )
												accelerator.save_state(_UpperCamelCase   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      Optional[int]            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						optimizer.state_dict()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						train(3				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      Union[str, Any]            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						optimizer.state_dict()

												# Train partially
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      int            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      int            =						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters()				,		lr=1E-3   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      str            =						dummy_dataloaders()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						Accelerator()
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						accelerator.prepare(
												    _UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												accelerator.load_state(_UpperCamelCase   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      List[str]            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						optimizer.state_dict()
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )

												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						train(2				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save everything
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoint'   )
												accelerator.save_state(_UpperCamelCase   )

												# Load everything back in and make sure all states work
												accelerator.load_state(_UpperCamelCase   )
												test_rands += train(1				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      Optional[Any]            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						optimizer.state_dict()
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							int:
							with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters()				,		lr=1E-3   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						dummy_dataloaders()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						ProjectConfiguration(automatic_checkpoint_naming=_UpperCamelCase   )

												# Train baseline
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      str            =						Accelerator(project_dir=_UpperCamelCase				,		project_config=_UpperCamelCase   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						accelerator.prepare(
												    _UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save initial
												accelerator.save_state()
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      Optional[int]            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						optimizer.state_dict()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						train(3				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      Tuple            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						optimizer.state_dict()

												# Train partially
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters()				,		lr=1E-3   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						dummy_dataloaders()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						ProjectConfiguration(iteration=1				,		automatic_checkpoint_naming=_UpperCamelCase   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[Any]            =						Accelerator(project_dir=_UpperCamelCase				,		project_config=_UpperCamelCase   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						accelerator.prepare(
												    _UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												accelerator.load_state(os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoints'				,		'checkpoint_0'   )   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      str            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[Any]            =						optimizer.state_dict()
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )

												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						train(2				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save everything
												accelerator.save_state()

												# Load everything back in and make sure all states work
												accelerator.load_state(os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoints'				,		'checkpoint_1'   )   )
												test_rands += train(1				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												((UpperCAmelCase_)       ,  (UpperCAmelCase_))    :      List[Any]            =						model.a.item(), model.b.item()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						optimizer.state_dict()
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							Dict:
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[Any]            =						torch.tensor([1, 2, 3]   )
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						torch.tensor([2, 3, 4]   )
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      Union[str, Any]            =						DummyModel()
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[str]            =						torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters()   )
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						Accelerator()
							with self.assertRaises(_UpperCamelCase   ) as ve:
												accelerator.register_for_checkpointing(_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						str(ve.exception   )
							self.assertTrue('Item at index 0' in message   )
							self.assertTrue('Item at index 1' in message   )
							self.assertFalse('Item at index 2' in message   )
							self.assertFalse('Item at index 3' in message   )



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							int:
							with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      int            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters()				,		lr=1E-3   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(_UpperCamelCase				,		step_size=1				,		gamma=0.99   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						dummy_dataloaders()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						ProjectConfiguration(automatic_checkpoint_naming=_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Train baseline
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Tuple            =						Accelerator(project_dir=_UpperCamelCase				,		project_config=_UpperCamelCase   )
												UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_       ,  UpperCAmelCase_    :      Any            =						accelerator.prepare(
												    _UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save initial
												accelerator.save_state()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						scheduler.state_dict()
												train(3				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase				,		_UpperCamelCase   )
												self.assertNotEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		scheduler.state_dict()   )

												# Load everything back in and make sure all states work
												accelerator.load_state(os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoints'				,		'checkpoint_0'   )   )
												self.assertEqual(_UpperCamelCase				,		scheduler.state_dict()   )



		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							Dict:
							with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
												set_seed(4_2   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						DummyModel()
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Dict            =						ProjectConfiguration(automatic_checkpoint_naming=_UpperCamelCase				,		total_limit=2   )
												# Train baseline
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      Optional[int]            =						Accelerator(project_dir=_UpperCamelCase				,		project_config=_UpperCamelCase   )
												UpperCAmelCase_    :      str            =						accelerator.prepare(_UpperCamelCase   )
												# Save 3 states:
												for _ in range(1_1   ):
																	accelerator.save_state()
												self.assertTrue(not os.path.exists(os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoints'				,		'checkpoint_0'   )   )   )
												self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoints'				,		'checkpoint_9'   )   )   )
												self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(_UpperCamelCase				,		'checkpoints'				,		'checkpoint_10'   )   )   )



		@require_cuda
		def 					__UpperCAmelCase			(							self   )	->							str:
							UpperCAmelCase_    :      List[str]            =						['torchrun', f"--nproc_per_node={torch.cuda.device_count()}", inspect.getfile(self.__class__   )]
							execute_subprocess_async(_UpperCamelCase				,		env=os.environ.copy()   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						'/tmp/accelerate/state_checkpointing'
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						DummyModel()
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						torch.optim.Adam(params=model.parameters(), lr=1E-3)
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=1, gamma=0.9_9)
		__UpperCAmelCase							,   __UpperCAmelCase								=						dummy_dataloaders()
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						ProjectConfiguration(automatic_checkpoint_naming=True)
		# Train baseline
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						Accelerator(project_dir=savedir, project_config=project_config, mixed_precision='no')
		if accelerator.process_index == 0:
				if os.path.exists(savedir):
						shutil.rmtree(savedir)
				os.makedirs(savedir)
		__UpperCAmelCase							,   __UpperCAmelCase							,   __UpperCAmelCase							,   __UpperCAmelCase							,   __UpperCAmelCase								=						accelerator.prepare(
		    model, optimizer, train_dataloader, valid_dataloader, scheduler
		)
		__UpperCAmelCase							,   __UpperCAmelCase								=						accelerator.prepare(model, optimizer)
		train(3, model, train_dataloader, optimizer, accelerator, scheduler)
		# Check that the intial optimizer is loaded on the GPU
		for group in optimizer.param_groups:
				__UpperCAmelCase								=						group['params'][0].device
				break
		assert param_device.type == accelerator.device.type
		__UpperCAmelCase								=						model.cpu()
		accelerator.wait_for_everyone()
		accelerator.save_state()
		accelerator.wait_for_everyone()

		# Check CPU state
		accelerator.load_state(os.path.join(savedir, 'checkpoints', 'checkpoint_0'), map_location='cpu')
		for group in optimizer.param_groups:
				__UpperCAmelCase								=						group['params'][0].device
				break
		assert (
		    param_device.type == torch.device('cpu').type
		), F"Loaded optimizer states did not match, expected to be loaded on the CPU but got {param_device}"

		# Check device state
		model.to(accelerator.device)
		accelerator.load_state(os.path.join(savedir, 'checkpoints', 'checkpoint_0'), map_location='on_device')
		for group in optimizer.param_groups:
				__UpperCAmelCase								=						group['params'][0].device
				break
		assert (
		    param_device.type == accelerator.device.type
		), F"Loaded optimizer states did not match, expected to be loaded on {accelerator.device} but got {param_device}"

		# Check error
		with pytest.raises(TypeError, match='Unsupported optimizer map location passed'):
				accelerator.load_state(os.path.join(savedir, 'checkpoints', 'checkpoint_0'), map_location='invalid')
		accelerator.wait_for_everyone()
		if accelerator.process_index == 0:
				shutil.rmtree(savedir)
		accelerator.wait_for_everyone()






