"""simple docstring"""





import random





def 				a_     (      _lowerCAmelCase  : list   , _lowerCAmelCase  : int     ):





       '''simple docstring'''

       lowercase__    ,      lowercase__    ,      lowercase__			:		List[Any]       =	[], [], []
       for element in data:
              if element < pivot:
                     less.append(_lowerCAmelCase     )
              elif element > pivot:
                     greater.append(_lowerCAmelCase     )
              else:
                     equal.append(_lowerCAmelCase     )
       return less, equal, greater






def 				a_     (      _lowerCAmelCase  : list   , _lowerCAmelCase  : int     ):





       '''simple docstring'''

       if index >= len(_lowerCAmelCase     ) or index < 0:
              return None

       lowercase__			:		List[str]       =	items[random.randint(0   , len(_lowerCAmelCase     ) - 1     )]
       lowercase__			:		str       =	0
       lowercase__    ,      lowercase__    ,      lowercase__			:		str       =	_partition(_lowerCAmelCase   , _lowerCAmelCase     )
       lowercase__			:		Tuple       =	len(_lowerCAmelCase     )
       lowercase__			:		Any       =	len(_lowerCAmelCase     )

       # index is the pivot
       if m <= index < m + count:
              return pivot
       # must be in smaller
       elif m > index:
              return quick_select(_lowerCAmelCase   , _lowerCAmelCase     )
       # must be in larger
       else:
              return quick_select(_lowerCAmelCase   , index - (m + count)     )









'''simple docstring'''







class _lowercase	:




							def __init__(							self:				Tuple			,							UpperCamelCase__:				list[int]     ):
														lowerCamelCase__					:	Union[str, Any]         =       len(UpperCamelCase__     )
														lowerCamelCase__					:	Union[str, Any]         =       [0] * len_array

														if len_array > 0:
																					lowerCamelCase__					:	Union[str, Any]         =       array[0]

														for i in range(1			,							UpperCamelCase__     ):
																					lowerCamelCase__					:	Tuple         =       self.prefix_sum[i - 1] + array[i]




							def 		lowerCamelCase_				(							self:				Tuple			,							UpperCamelCase__:				int			,							UpperCamelCase__:				int     ):
														if start == 0:
																					return self.prefix_sum[end]

														return self.prefix_sum[end] - self.prefix_sum[start - 1]




							def 		lowerCamelCase_				(							self:				Optional[int]			,							UpperCamelCase__:				int     ):
														lowerCamelCase__					:	Dict         =       {0}
														for sum_item in self.prefix_sum:
																					if sum_item - target_sum in sums:
																												return True

																					sums.add(UpperCamelCase__     )

														return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
			import doctest

			doctest.testmod()

