

'''simple docstring'''
from __future__ import annotations

from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any







@dataclass
class 							A__    :
  A__		 =				42
  A__		 =				None
  A__		 =				None


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						)      ->			Node | None:
     """simple docstring"""




     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =Node(1				)
     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =Node(2				)
     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =Node(3				)
     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =Node(4				)
     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =Node(5				)
     return tree


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None				)      ->			list[int]:
     """simple docstring"""




     return [root.data, *preorder(root.left				), *preorder(root.right				)] if root else []


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None				)      ->			list[int]:
     """simple docstring"""




     return postorder(root.left				) + postorder(root.right				) + [root.data] if root else []


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None				)      ->			list[int]:
     """simple docstring"""




     return [*inorder(root.left				), root.data, *inorder(root.right				)] if root else []


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None				)      ->			int:
     """simple docstring"""




     return (max(height(root.left				)							, height(root.right				)				) + 1) if root else 0


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None				)      ->			Sequence[Node | None]:
     """simple docstring"""




     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =[]

     if root is None:
          return output

     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =deque([root]				)

     while process_queue:
          _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =process_queue.popleft()
          output.append(node.data				)

          if node.left:
               process_queue.append(node.left				)
          if node.right:
               process_queue.append(node.right				)
     return output


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None							, _UpperCamelCase						:     int				)      ->			Sequence[Node | None]:
     """simple docstring"""




     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =[]

     def populate_output(_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None							, _UpperCamelCase						:     int				) -> None:
          if not root:
               return
          if level == 1:
               output.append(root.data				)
          elif level > 1:
               populate_output(root.left							, level - 1				)
               populate_output(root.right							, level - 1				)

     populate_output(_UpperCamelCase							, _UpperCamelCase				)
     return output


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None							, _UpperCamelCase						:     int				)      ->			Sequence[Node | None]:
     """simple docstring"""




     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =[]

     def populate_output(_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None							, _UpperCamelCase						:     int				) -> None:
          if root is None:
               return
          if level == 1:
               output.append(root.data				)
          elif level > 1:
               populate_output(root.right							, level - 1				)
               populate_output(root.left							, level - 1				)

     populate_output(_UpperCamelCase							, _UpperCamelCase				)
     return output


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						_UpperCamelCase						:     Node | None				)      ->			Sequence[Node | None] | list[Any]:
     """simple docstring"""




     if root is None:
          return []

     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =[]

     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =0
     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =height(_UpperCamelCase				)

     for h in range(1							, height_tree + 1				):
          if not flag:
               output.append(get_nodes_from_left_to_right(_UpperCamelCase							, _UpperCamelCase				)				)
               _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =1
          else:
               output.append(get_nodes_from_right_to_left(_UpperCamelCase							, _UpperCamelCase				)				)
               _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =0

     return output


def        _lowerCAmelCase					(						)      ->			None:  # Main function for testing.
     """simple docstring"""




     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =make_tree()
     print(f"In-order Traversal: {inorder(_UpperCamelCase				)}"				)
     print(f"Pre-order Traversal: {preorder(_UpperCamelCase				)}"				)
     print(f"Post-order Traversal: {postorder(_UpperCamelCase				)}"							, '\n'				)

     print(f"Height of Tree: {height(_UpperCamelCase				)}"							, '\n'				)

     print('Complete Level Order Traversal: '				)
     print(level_order(_UpperCamelCase				)							, '\n'				)

     print('Level-wise order Traversal: '				)

     for level in range(1							, height(_UpperCamelCase				) + 1				):
          print(f"Level {level}:"							, get_nodes_from_left_to_right(_UpperCamelCase							, level=_UpperCamelCase				)				)

     print('\nZigZag order Traversal: '				)
     print(zigzag(_UpperCamelCase				)				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()
     main()



'''simple docstring'''
class 							A__    :





  def __init__(		self      :	Union[str, Any]							,					_a      :	int )	->    None:





       '''simple docstring'''






       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =size
       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =[0] * size
       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =[0] * size





  @staticmethod
  def 						A  (		_a      :	int )	->    int:





       '''simple docstring'''






       return index | (index + 1)





  @staticmethod
  def 						A  (		_a      :	int )	->    int:





       '''simple docstring'''






       return (index & (index + 1)) - 1





  def 						A  (		self      :	Tuple							,					_a      :	int							,					_a      :	int )	->    None:





       '''simple docstring'''






       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =value
       while index < self.size:
            _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =self.get_prev(_a ) + 1
            if current_left_border == index:
                 _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =value
            else:
                 _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =max(_a							,					_a							,					_a )
            _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =self.get_next(_a )





  def 						A  (		self      :	int							,					_a      :	int							,					_a      :	int )	->    int:





       '''simple docstring'''






       right -= 1  # Because of right is exclusive
       _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =0
       while left <= right:
            _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =self.get_prev(_a )
            if left <= current_left:
                 _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =max(_a							,					self.tree[right] )
                 _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =current_left
            else:
                 _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE							    =max(_a							,					self.arr[right] )
                 right -= 1
       return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()
