




'''simple docstring'''

import datetime
import platform
import subprocess
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np


def 		__magic_name__    (	__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase	)		->					np.array:

					'''simple docstring'''

					snake_case_									=				F"{sampling_rate}"
					snake_case_									=				'''1'''
					snake_case_									=				'''f32le'''
					snake_case_									=				[
					    '''ffmpeg''',
					    '''-i''',
					    '''pipe:0''',
					    '''-ac''',
					    ac,
					    '''-ar''',
					    ar,
					    '''-f''',
					    format_for_conversion,
					    '''-hide_banner''',
					    '''-loglevel''',
					    '''quiet''',
					    '''pipe:1''',
					]

					try:
										with subprocess.Popen(__UpperCAmelCase,      stdin=subprocess.PIPE,      stdout=subprocess.PIPE	) as ffmpeg_process:
															snake_case_									=				ffmpeg_process.communicate(__UpperCAmelCase	)
					except FileNotFoundError as error:
										raise ValueError('''ffmpeg was not found but is required to load audio files from filename'''	) from error
					snake_case_									=				output_stream[0]
					snake_case_									=				np.frombuffer(__UpperCAmelCase,      np.floataa	)
					if audio.shape[0] == 0:
										raise ValueError('''Malformed soundfile'''	)
					return audio


def 		__magic_name__    (	__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase = "f32le",      )		->					List[Any]:

					'''simple docstring'''

					snake_case_									=				F"{sampling_rate}"
					snake_case_									=				'''1'''
					if format_for_conversion == "s16le":
										snake_case_									=				2
					elif format_for_conversion == "f32le":
										snake_case_									=				4
					else:
										raise ValueError(F"Unhandled format `{format_for_conversion}`. Please use `s16le` or `f32le`"	)

					snake_case_									=				platform.system()
					if system == "Linux":
										snake_case_									=				'''alsa'''
										snake_case_									=				'''default'''
					elif system == "Darwin":
										snake_case_									=				'''avfoundation'''
										snake_case_									=				''':0'''
					elif system == "Windows":
										snake_case_									=				'''dshow'''
										snake_case_									=				'''default'''

					snake_case_									=				[
					    '''ffmpeg''',
					    '''-f''',
					    format_,
					    '''-i''',
					    input_,
					    '''-ac''',
					    ac,
					    '''-ar''',
					    ar,
					    '''-f''',
					    format_for_conversion,
					    '''-fflags''',
					    '''nobuffer''',
					    '''-hide_banner''',
					    '''-loglevel''',
					    '''quiet''',
					    '''pipe:1''',
					]
					snake_case_									=				int(round(sampling_rate * chunk_length_s	)	) * size_of_sample
					snake_case_									=				_ffmpeg_stream(__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase	)
					for item in iterator:
										yield item


def 		__magic_name__    (	__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase = None,      __UpperCAmelCase = None,      __UpperCAmelCase = "f32le",      )		->					Dict:

					'''simple docstring'''

					if stream_chunk_s is not None:
										snake_case_									=				stream_chunk_s
					else:
										snake_case_									=				chunk_length_s

					snake_case_									=				ffmpeg_microphone(__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase,      format_for_conversion=__UpperCAmelCase	)
					if format_for_conversion == "s16le":
										snake_case_									=				np.intaa
										snake_case_									=				2
					elif format_for_conversion == "f32le":
										snake_case_									=				np.floataa
										snake_case_									=				4
					else:
										raise ValueError(F"Unhandled format `{format_for_conversion}`. Please use `s16le` or `f32le`"	)

					if stride_length_s is None:
										snake_case_									=				chunk_length_s / 6
					snake_case_									=				int(round(sampling_rate * chunk_length_s	)	) * size_of_sample
					if isinstance(__UpperCAmelCase,      (int, float)	):
										snake_case_									=				[stride_length_s, stride_length_s]

					snake_case_									=				int(round(sampling_rate * stride_length_s[0]	)	) * size_of_sample
					snake_case_									=				int(round(sampling_rate * stride_length_s[1]	)	) * size_of_sample
					snake_case_									=				datetime.datetime.now()
					snake_case_									=				datetime.timedelta(seconds=__UpperCAmelCase	)
					for item in chunk_bytes_iter(__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase,      stride=(stride_left, stride_right),      stream=__UpperCAmelCase	):
										# Put everything back in numpy scale
										snake_case_									=				np.frombuffer(item['''raw'''],      dtype=__UpperCAmelCase	)
										snake_case_									=				(
										    item['''stride'''][0] // size_of_sample,
										    item['''stride'''][1] // size_of_sample,
										)
										snake_case_									=				sampling_rate
										audio_time += delta
										if datetime.datetime.now() > audio_time + 10 * delta:
															# We're late !! SKIP
															continue
										yield item


def 		__magic_name__    (	__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase = False	)		->					Any:

					'''simple docstring'''

					snake_case_									=				b''''''
					snake_case_			,snake_case_									=				stride
					if stride_left + stride_right >= chunk_len:
										raise ValueError(
										    F"Stride needs to be strictly smaller than chunk_len: ({stride_left}, {stride_right}) vs {chunk_len}"	)
					snake_case_									=				0
					for raw in iterator:
										acc += raw
										if stream and len(__UpperCAmelCase	) < chunk_len:
															snake_case_									=				(_stride_left, 0)
															yield {"raw": acc[:chunk_len], "stride": stride, "partial": True}
										else:
															while len(__UpperCAmelCase	) >= chunk_len:
																				# We are flushing the accumulator
																				snake_case_									=				(_stride_left, stride_right)
																				snake_case_									=				{'''raw''': acc[:chunk_len], '''stride''': stride}
																				if stream:
																									snake_case_									=				False
																				yield item
																				snake_case_									=				stride_left
																				snake_case_									=				acc[chunk_len - stride_left - stride_right :]
    # Last chunk
					if len(__UpperCAmelCase	) > stride_left:
										snake_case_									=				{'''raw''': acc, '''stride''': (_stride_left, 0)}
										if stream:
															snake_case_									=				False
										yield item


def 		__magic_name__    (	__UpperCAmelCase,      __UpperCAmelCase	)		->					Optional[int]:

					'''simple docstring'''

					snake_case_									=				2**24  # 16Mo
					try:
										with subprocess.Popen(__UpperCAmelCase,      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,      bufsize=__UpperCAmelCase	) as ffmpeg_process:
															while True:
																				snake_case_									=				ffmpeg_process.stdout.read(__UpperCAmelCase	)
																				if raw == b"":
																									break
																				yield raw
					except FileNotFoundError as error:
										raise ValueError('''ffmpeg was not found but is required to stream audio files from filename'''	) from error







'''simple docstring'''

from collections import defaultdict


def 		__magic_name__    (	__UpperCAmelCase	)		->					int:

					'''simple docstring'''

					snake_case_									=				1
					snake_case_									=				True
					for v in tree[start]:
										if v not in visited:
															ret += dfs(__UpperCAmelCase	)
					if ret % 2 == 0:
										cuts.append(__UpperCAmelCase	)
					return ret


def 		__magic_name__    (	)		->					Union[str, Any]:

					'''simple docstring'''

					dfs(1	)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							a		,a  :				Dict									=  10, 9
							a  :				Dict									=  defaultdict(list)
							a  :				dict[int, bool]									=  {}
							a  :				list[int]									=  []
							a  :				Tuple									=  0
							a  :				str									=  [(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1), (7, 2), (8, 6), (9, 8), (10, 8)]
							for u, v in edges:
														tree[u].append(v)
														tree[v].append(u)
							even_tree()
							print(len(cuts) - 1)

