'''simple docstring'''





import logging
import os
import threading
import time


try:
    import warnings
except ImportError:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Tuple  =None

try:
    import msvcrt
except ImportError:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Any  =None

try:
    import fcntl
except ImportError:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     int  =None


# Backward compatibility
# ------------------------------------------------
try:
    TimeoutError
except NameError:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Tuple  =OSError


# Data
# ------------------------------------------------
SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     int  =[
    'Timeout',
    'BaseFileLock',
    'WindowsFileLock',
    'UnixFileLock',
    'SoftFileLock',
    'FileLock',
]

SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Union[str, Any]  ='3.0.12'


SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Any  =None





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					)    ->      Dict:


     '''simple docstring'''




     global _logger
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   _logger or logging.getLogger(__name__			)
     return _logger




class        __A      ( UpperCamelCase__	):



    def __init__(self    :    Optional[Any]   ,			__a    :    Optional[int] ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   lock_file
         return None






    def __str__(self    :    Optional[int] ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   f"""The file lock '{self.lock_file}' could not be acquired."""
         return temp




class        __A      :



    def __init__(self    :    Optional[int]   ,			__a    :    Optional[Any] ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   lock
         return None



    def __enter__(self    :    int ):
         return self.lock






    def __exit__(self    :    Dict   ,			__a    :    int   ,			__a    :    Any   ,			__a    :    Union[str, Any] ):
         self.lock.release()
         return None




class        __A      :



    def __init__(self    :    Optional[int]   ,			__a    :    str   ,			__a    :    Dict=-1   ,			__a    :    Tuple=None ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   max_filename_length if max_filename_length is not None else 255
         # Hash the filename if it's too long
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   self.hash_filename_if_too_long(__a   ,			__a )
         # The path to the lock file.
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   lock_file

         # The file descriptor for the *_lock_file* as it is returned by the
         # os.open() function.
         # This file lock is only NOT None, if the object currently holds the
         # lock.
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   None

         # The default timeout value.
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   timeout

         # We use this lock primarily for the lock counter.
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   threading.Lock()

         # The lock counter is used for implementing the nested locking
         # mechanism. Whenever the lock is acquired, the counter is increased and
         # the lock is only released, when this value is 0 again.
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   0
         return None



    @property
    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Optional[int] ):
         return self._lock_file



    @property
    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    int ):
         return self._timeout



    @timeout.setter
    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Optional[Any]   ,			__a    :    Optional[Any] ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   float(__a )
         return None



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    List[str] ):
         raise NotImplementedError()



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Union[str, Any] ):
         raise NotImplementedError()



    @property
    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    str ):
         return self._lock_file_fd is not None



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Tuple   ,			__a    :    Optional[Any]=None   ,			__a    :    List[Any]=0.05 ):
         # Use the default timeout, if no timeout is provided.
         if timeout is None:
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   self.timeout

         # Increment the number right at the beginning.
         # We can still undo it, if something fails.
         with self._thread_lock:
              self._lock_counter += 1

         UpperCAmelCase_           =   id(self )
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   self._lock_file
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   time.time()
         try:
              while True:
                   with self._thread_lock:
                        if not self.is_locked:
                             logger().debug(f"""Attempting to acquire lock {lock_id} on {lock_filename}""" )
                             self._acquire()

                   if self.is_locked:
                        logger().debug(f"""Lock {lock_id} acquired on {lock_filename}""" )
                        break
                   elif timeout >= 0 and time.time() - start_time > timeout:
                        logger().debug(f"""Timeout on acquiring lock {lock_id} on {lock_filename}""" )
                        raise Timeout(self._lock_file )
                   else:
                        logger().debug(
                            f"""Lock {lock_id} not acquired on {lock_filename}, waiting {poll_intervall} seconds ...""" )
                        time.sleep(__a )
         except:  # noqa
              # Something did go wrong, so decrement the counter.
              with self._thread_lock:
                   UpperCAmelCase_           =   max(0   ,			self._lock_counter - 1 )

              raise
         return _Acquire_ReturnProxy(lock=self )



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Any   ,			__a    :    Optional[Any]=False ):
         with self._thread_lock:
              if self.is_locked:
                   self._lock_counter -= 1

                   if self._lock_counter == 0 or force:
                        UpperCAmelCase_           =   id(self )
                        UpperCAmelCase_           =   self._lock_file

                        logger().debug(f"""Attempting to release lock {lock_id} on {lock_filename}""" )
                        self._release()
                        UpperCAmelCase_           =   0
                        logger().debug(f"""Lock {lock_id} released on {lock_filename}""" )

         return None



    def __enter__(self    :    Optional[int] ):
         self.acquire()
         return self



    def __exit__(self    :    int   ,			__a    :    str   ,			__a    :    List[str]   ,			__a    :    Any ):
         self.release()
         return None



    def __del__(self    :    Tuple ):
         self.release(force=__a )
         return None






    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    str   ,			__a    :    str   ,			__a    :    int ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.path.basename(__a )
         if len(__a ) > max_length and max_length > 0:
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.path.dirname(__a )
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   str(hash(__a ) )
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   filename[: max_length - len(__a ) - 8] + "..." + hashed_filename + ".lock"
              return os.path.join(__a   ,			__a )
         else:
              return path




class        __A      ( UpperCamelCase__	):



    def __init__(self    :    int   ,			__a    :    Optional[int]   ,			__a    :    Optional[Any]=-1   ,			__a    :    List[Any]=None ):
         from .file_utils import relative_to_absolute_path

         super().__init__(__a   ,			timeout=__a   ,			max_filename_length=__a )
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   "\\\\?\\" + relative_to_absolute_path(self.lock_file )



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    str ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC

         try:
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.open(self._lock_file   ,			__a )
         except OSError:
              pass
         else:
              try:
                   msvcrt.locking(__a   ,			msvcrt.LK_NBLCK   ,			1 )
              except OSError:
                   os.close(__a )
              else:
                   UpperCAmelCase_           =   fd
         return None






    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Optional[Any] ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   self._lock_file_fd
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   None
         msvcrt.locking(__a   ,			msvcrt.LK_UNLCK   ,			1 )
         os.close(__a )

         try:
              os.remove(self._lock_file )
         # Probably another instance of the application
         # that acquired the file lock.
         except OSError:
              pass
         return None




class        __A      ( UpperCamelCase__	):



    def __init__(self    :    Union[str, Any]   ,			__a    :    List[Any]   ,			__a    :    Any=-1   ,			__a    :    str=None ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.statvfs(os.path.dirname(__a ) ).f_namemax
         super().__init__(__a   ,			timeout=__a   ,			max_filename_length=__a )



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    str ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.open(self._lock_file   ,			__a )

         try:
              fcntl.flock(__a   ,			fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB )
         except OSError:
              os.close(__a )
         else:
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   fd
         return None






    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Union[str, Any] ):
         # Do not remove the lockfile:
         #
         #   https://github.com/benediktschmitt/py-filelock/issues/31
         #   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17708885/flock-removing-locked-file-without-race-condition
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   self._lock_file_fd
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   None
         fcntl.flock(__a   ,			fcntl.LOCK_UN )
         os.close(__a )
         return None




class        __A      ( UpperCamelCase__	):



    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    Union[str, Any] ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_TRUNC
         try:
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   os.open(self._lock_file   ,			__a )
         except OSError:
              pass
         else:
              UpperCAmelCase_           =   fd
         return None






    def 					_lowercase						(self    :    str ):
         os.close(self._lock_file_fd )
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   None

         try:
              os.remove(self._lock_file )
         # The file is already deleted and that's what we want.
         except OSError:
              pass
         return None




SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Any  =None

if msvcrt:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     List[str]  =WindowsFileLock
elif fcntl:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     List[Any]  =UnixFileLock
else:
    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     Optional[Any]  =SoftFileLock

    if warnings is not None:
        warnings.warn('only soft file lock is available')





'''simple docstring'''





from __future__ import annotations

import queue




class        __A      :



    def __init__(self    :    Optional[Any]   ,			__a    :    str ):
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   data
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   None
         UpperCAmelCase_           =   None





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					)    ->      TreeNode:


     '''simple docstring'''




     print("\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n"			)
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   input("Enter the value of the root node: "			).strip().lower()
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   queue.Queue()
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   TreeNode(int(snake_case_			)			)
     q.put(snake_case_			)
     while not q.empty():
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   q.get()
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   f"""Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: """
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   input(snake_case_			).strip().lower() or "n"
          if check == "n":
               return tree_node
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   TreeNode(int(snake_case_			)			)
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   left_node
          q.put(snake_case_			)
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   f"""Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: """
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   input(snake_case_			).strip().lower() or "n"
          if check == "n":
               return tree_node
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   TreeNode(int(snake_case_			)			)
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   right_node
          q.put(snake_case_			)
     raise





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     print(node.data					,    end=","			)
     pre_order(node.left			)
     pre_order(node.right			)





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     in_order(node.left			)
     print(node.data					,    end=","			)
     in_order(node.right			)





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     post_order(node.left			)
     post_order(node.right			)
     print(node.data					,    end=","			)





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   queue.Queue()
     q.put(snake_case_			)
     while not q.empty():
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   q.get()
          print(node_dequeued.data					,    end=","			)
          if node_dequeued.left:
               q.put(node_dequeued.left			)
          if node_dequeued.right:
               q.put(node_dequeued.right			)





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   queue.Queue()
     q.put(snake_case_			)
     while not q.empty():
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   []
          while not q.empty():
               UpperCAmelCase_           =   q.get()
               print(node_dequeued.data					,    end=","			)
               if node_dequeued.left:
                    list_.append(node_dequeued.left			)
               if node_dequeued.right:
                    list_.append(node_dequeued.right			)
          print()
          for node in list_:
               q.put(snake_case_			)





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   []
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   node
     while n or stack:
          while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
               print(n.data					,    end=","			)
               stack.append(snake_case_			)
               UpperCAmelCase_           =   n.left
          # end of while means current node doesn't have left child
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   stack.pop()
          # start to traverse its right child
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   n.right





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   []
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   node
     while n or stack:
          while n:
               stack.append(snake_case_			)
               UpperCAmelCase_           =   n.left
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   stack.pop()
          print(n.data					,    end=","			)
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   n.right





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : TreeNode			)    ->      None:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not isinstance(snake_case_					,    snake_case_			) or not node:
          return
     UpperCAmelCase_    , UpperCAmelCase_           =   [], []
     UpperCAmelCase_           =   node
     stacka.append(snake_case_			)
     while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
          UpperCAmelCase_           =   stacka.pop()
          if n.left:
               stacka.append(n.left			)
          if n.right:
               stacka.append(n.right			)
          stacka.append(snake_case_			)
     while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
          print(stacka.pop().data					,    end=","			)





def 	lowerCAmelCase_				(					snake_case_       : str = ""					,    snake_case_       : Any=50					,    snake_case_       : Union[str, Any]="*"			)    ->      str:


     '''simple docstring'''




     if not s:
          return "\n" + width * char
     UpperCAmelCase_    , UpperCAmelCase_           =   divmod(width - len(snake_case_			) - 2					,    2			)
     return f"""{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}"""


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()
    print(prompt('Binary Tree Traversals'))

    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_:     TreeNode  =build_tree()
    print(prompt('Pre Order Traversal'))
    pre_order(node)
    print(prompt() + '\n')

    print(prompt('In Order Traversal'))
    in_order(node)
    print(prompt() + '\n')

    print(prompt('Post Order Traversal'))
    post_order(node)
    print(prompt() + '\n')

    print(prompt('Level Order Traversal'))
    level_order(node)
    print(prompt() + '\n')

    print(prompt('Actual Level Order Traversal'))
    level_order_actual(node)
    print('*' * 50 + '\n')

    print(prompt('Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version'))
    pre_order_iter(node)
    print(prompt() + '\n')

    print(prompt('In Order Traversal - Iteration Version'))
    in_order_iter(node)
    print(prompt() + '\n')

    print(prompt('Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version'))
    post_order_iter(node)
    print(prompt())




