






"""simple docstring"""



def       snake_case__		(   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE       ,	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)    ->List[Any]:
 assert b != 0, "This cannot accept modulo that is == 0"
 if n == 0:
  return 1

 if n % 2 == 1:
  return (bin_exp_mod(_lowerCamelCase       ,	n - 1       ,	_lowerCamelCase			) * a) % b

 UpperCAmelCase__ 						=				bin_exp_mod(_lowerCamelCase       ,	n / 2       ,	_lowerCamelCase			)
 return (r * r) % b


if __name__ == "__main__":
 try:
  a  :						Union[str, Any]					       =							int(input('''Enter Base : ''').strip())
  a  :						Union[str, Any]					       =							int(input('''Enter Power : ''').strip())
  a  :						List[str]					       =							int(input('''Enter Modulo : ''').strip())
 except ValueError:
  print('''Invalid literal for integer''')

 print(bin_exp_mod(BASE, POWER, MODULO))










import logging
import os
import time
from argparse import Namespace
from pathlib import Path

import datasets
import torch
from accelerate import Accelerator, DistributedType
from accelerate.utils import ProjectConfiguration
from arguments import TrainingArguments
from datasets import load_dataset
from huggingface_hub import Repository
from torch.optim import AdamW
from torch.utils.data import IterableDataset
from torch.utils.data.dataloader import DataLoader
from torch.utils.data.datapipes.iter.combinatorics import ShufflerIterDataPipe

import transformers
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, HfArgumentParser, get_scheduler, set_seed



class  _a  (					lowercase__				):






							"""simple docstring"""

							def __init__(   self					:  int				,						a					:  List[Any]				,						a					:  Tuple				,						a					:  Dict=False				,						a					:  Union[str, Any]=10_24				,						a					:  List[str]=10_24				,						a					:  Optional[Any]=3.6				,						a					:  List[Any]=False				,						)						->List[str]:
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       tokenizer
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       tokenizer.bos_token_id
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       dataset
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       seq_length
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       0
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       infinite
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       0
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       tokenized

													if self.tokenized:
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       seq_length * num_of_sequences
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       "input_ids"
													else:
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       seq_length * chars_per_token * num_of_sequences
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       "content"

							def __iter__(   self					:  Union[str, Any]     )						->List[str]:
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       iter(self.dataset     )
													SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       True
													while more_examples:
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__,				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       [], 0
																			while True:
																									if buffer_len >= self.max_buffer_size:
																															break
																									try:
																															buffer.append(next(a     )[self.content_field]     )
																															buffer_len += len(buffer[-1]     )
																									except StopIteration:
																															if self.infinite:
																																					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       iter(self.dataset     )
																																					self.epoch += 1
																																					logger.info(f"""Dataset epoch: {self.epoch}"""     )
																															else:
																																					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					int =       False
																																					break
																			if self.tokenized:
																									SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       buffer
																			else:
																									SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       self.tokenizer(a				,						truncation=a     )["input_ids"]
																			SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       []
																			for tokenized_input in tokenized_inputs:
																									all_token_ids.extend(tokenized_input + [self.concat_token_id]     )
																			for i in range(0				,						len(a     )				,						self.seq_length     ):
																									SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       all_token_ids[i : i + self.seq_length]
																									if len(a     ) == self.seq_length:
																															self.current_size += 1
																															yield torch.tensor(a     )






							def   A_	(   self					:  Optional[Any]				,						a					:  Optional[Any]=10_00     )						->Union[str, Any]:
													return ShufflerIterDataPipe(self				,						buffer_size=a     )







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  _lowerCamelCase   :	List[Any]  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       args.model_ckpt.split("/"  )[-1]
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       logging.getLogger(__name__  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       Path(args.save_dir  ) / "log/"
						log_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=_lowerCamelCase  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       f"""debug_{accelerator.process_index}.log"""
						logging.basicConfig(
						    format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s"      , datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S"      , level=logging.INFO      , handlers=[logging.FileHandler(log_dir / filename  ), logging.StreamHandler()]      , )
						if accelerator.is_main_process:  # we only want to setup logging once
												accelerator.init_trackers(_lowerCamelCase      , vars(_lowerCamelCase  )  )
												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       accelerator.trackers[0].run.name
												logger.setLevel(logging.INFO  )
												datasets.utils.logging.set_verbosity_info()
												transformers.utils.logging.set_verbosity_info()
						else:
												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       ""
												logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR  )
												datasets.utils.logging.set_verbosity_error()
												transformers.utils.logging.set_verbosity_error()
						return logger, run_name







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  _lowerCamelCase   :	Dict  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[str] =       {"streaming": True}
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       load_dataset(args.dataset_name_train      , split="train"      , **_lowerCamelCase  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       train_data.shuffle(buffer_size=args.shuffle_buffer      , seed=args.seed  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       load_dataset(args.dataset_name_valid      , split="train"      , **_lowerCamelCase  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       ConstantLengthDataset(
						    _lowerCamelCase      , _lowerCamelCase      , infinite=_lowerCamelCase      , seq_length=args.seq_length      , tokenized=args.tokenized  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       ConstantLengthDataset(
						    _lowerCamelCase      , _lowerCamelCase      , infinite=_lowerCamelCase      , seq_length=args.seq_length      , tokenized=args.tokenized  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       train_dataset.shuffle(buffer_size=args.shuffle_buffer  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       DataLoader(_lowerCamelCase      , batch_size=args.train_batch_size      , shuffle=_lowerCamelCase  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       DataLoader(_lowerCamelCase      , batch_size=args.valid_batch_size  )
						return train_dataloader, eval_dataloader







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  _lowerCamelCase   :	Any      , _lowerCamelCase   :	Dict      , _lowerCamelCase   :	List[Any]=["bias", "ln_1.weight", "ln_2.weight", "ln_f.weight"]  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__,				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					int =       [], []
						for n, p in model.named_parameters():
												if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay  ):
																		params_without_wd.append(_lowerCamelCase  )
												else:
																		params_with_wd.append(_lowerCamelCase  )
						return [
						    {"params": params_with_wd, "weight_decay": args.weight_decay},
						    {"params": params_without_wd, "weight_decay": 0.0},
						]







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  _lowerCamelCase   :	Union[str, Any]      , _lowerCamelCase   :	List[str]  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						logger.info(f"""Step {step}: {metrics}"""  )
						if accelerator.is_main_process:
												accelerator.log(_lowerCamelCase      , _lowerCamelCase  )







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  _lowerCamelCase   :	Tuple      , _lowerCamelCase   :	Any      , _lowerCamelCase   :	Optional[Any]  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       accelerator.unwrap_model(_lowerCamelCase  ).config
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       4 if args.gradient_checkpointing else 3
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       args.train_batch_size * accelerator.state.num_processes * args.gradient_accumulation_steps
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[Any] =       24 * checkpoint_factor * batch_size * args.seq_length * config_model.n_layer * (config_model.n_embd**2)
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[int] =       factor * (
						    1.0
						    + (args.seq_length / (6.0 * config_model.n_embd))
						    + (tokenizer.vocab_size / (1_6.0 * config_model.n_layer * config_model.n_embd))
						)
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Tuple =       flops_per_iteration / (elapsed_time * accelerator.state.num_processes * (10**12))
						return tflops







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  _lowerCamelCase   :	List[Any]  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						model.eval()
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Union[str, Any] =       []
						for step, batch in enumerate(_lowerCamelCase  ):
												with torch.no_grad():
																		SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[str] =       model(_lowerCamelCase      , labels=_lowerCamelCase  )
												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Any =       outputs.loss.repeat(args.valid_batch_size  )
												losses.append(accelerator.gather(_lowerCamelCase  )  )
												if args.max_eval_steps > 0 and step >= args.max_eval_steps:
																		break
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					str =       torch.cat(_lowerCamelCase  )
						SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Dict =       losses[: eval_dataloader.dataset.current_size].mean()
						try:
												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					List[Any] =       torch.exp(_lowerCamelCase  )
						except OverflowError:
												SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  :					Optional[Any] =       float("inf"  )
						return loss.item(), perplexity.item()


# Settings
__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	HfArgumentParser(TrainingArguments)
__lowercase							:Any							=	parser.parse_args()

# Accelerator
__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	ProjectConfiguration(project_dir=args.save_dir, logging_dir="log")
__lowercase							:Optional[int]							=	Accelerator(log_with=["wandb", "tensorboard"], project_config=config)
__lowercase							:str							=	{str(k): str(v) for k, v in accelerator.state.__dict__.items()}

__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	Namespace(**vars(args), **acc_state)
__lowercase							:Optional[Any]							=	accelerator.state.num_processes * args.train_batch_size
set_seed(args.seed)

# Clone model repository
if accelerator.is_main_process:
				__lowercase							:Dict							=	Repository(args.save_dir, clone_from=args.model_ckpt)

# Logging
__lowercase							,  __lowercase							:Union[str, Any]							=	setup_logging(args)
logger.info(accelerator.state)

# Checkout new branch on repo
if accelerator.is_main_process:
				hf_repo.git_checkout(run_name, create_branch_ok=True)

# Load model and tokenizer
__lowercase							:Tuple							=	AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(args.save_dir)
if args.gradient_checkpointing:
				model.gradient_checkpointing_enable()
__lowercase							:Union[str, Any]							=	AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.save_dir)

# Load dataset and dataloader
__lowercase							,  __lowercase							:Any							=	create_dataloaders(args)

# Prepare the optimizer and learning rate scheduler
__lowercase							:int							=	AdamW(get_grouped_params(model, args), lr=args.learning_rate)
__lowercase							:str							=	get_scheduler(
    name=args.lr_scheduler_type,
    optimizer=optimizer,
    num_warmup_steps=args.num_warmup_steps,
    num_training_steps=args.max_train_steps,
)
accelerator.register_for_checkpointing(lr_scheduler)







def    UpperCAmelCase				(  ):





						'''simple docstring'''


						return optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"]


# Prepare everything with our `accelerator`.
__lowercase							,  __lowercase							,  __lowercase							,  __lowercase							:Dict							=	accelerator.prepare(
    model, optimizer, train_dataloader, eval_dataloader
)

# load in the weights and states from a previous save
if args.resume_from_checkpoint:
				if args.resume_from_checkpoint is not None or args.resume_from_checkpoint != "":
								accelerator.print(f"Resumed from checkpoint: {args.resume_from_checkpoint}")
								accelerator.load_state(args.resume_from_checkpoint)
								__lowercase							:List[str]							=	os.path.basename(args.resume_from_checkpoint)
				else:
								# Get the most recent checkpoint
								__lowercase							:Union[str, Any]							=	[f.name for f in os.scandir(args.save_dir) if f.is_dir() and "step" in str(f)]
								dirs.sort(key=os.path.getctime)
								__lowercase							:Dict							=	dirs[-1]  # Sorts folders by date modified, most recent checkpoint is the last
				# Extract the step of the checkpoint to continue from there
				__lowercase							:Any							=	os.path.splitext(path)[0]
				__lowercase							:str							=	int(training_difference.replace("step_", ""))

# Train model
model.train()
__lowercase							:int							=	0
__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	time.time()
__lowercase							:Any							=	0
for step, batch in enumerate(train_dataloader, start=1):
				if args.resume_from_checkpoint and step < resume_step:
								continue  # we need to skip steps until we reach the resumed step
				__lowercase							:List[str]							=	model(batch, labels=batch, use_cache=False).loss
				__lowercase							:Union[str, Any]							=	accelerator.gather(loss.repeat(args.train_batch_size)).mean()
				loss_tracking += avg_loss.item() / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
				log_metrics(step, {"samples": step * samples_per_step, "loss_per_step/train": loss.item()})
				__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	loss / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
				if step % args.gradient_accumulation_steps != 0:
								# Prevent backward from doing gradient all_reduce in every step
								if accelerator.distributed_type == DistributedType.MULTI_GPU:
												with model.no_sync():
																accelerator.backward(loss)
								else:
												accelerator.backward(loss)
				else:
								__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	get_lr()
								accelerator.backward(loss)
								accelerator.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 1.0)
								optimizer.step()
								lr_scheduler.step()
								optimizer.zero_grad()
								__lowercase							:str							=	time.time() - t_start
								__lowercase							:List[str]							=	compute_tflops(elapsed_time, accelerator, args)
								log_metrics(
								    step,
								    {
								        "steps": completed_steps,
								        "loss/train": loss_tracking,
								        "lr": lr,
								        "tflops": tflops,
								        "time_per_iteration": elapsed_time,
								    },
								)
								__lowercase							:str							=	time.time()
								__lowercase							:Optional[int]							=	0
								completed_steps += 1
				if step % args.save_checkpoint_steps == 0:
								logger.info("Evaluating and saving model checkpoint")
								__lowercase							,  __lowercase							:List[str]							=	evaluate(args)
								log_metrics(step, {"loss/eval": eval_loss, "perplexity": perplexity})
								accelerator.wait_for_everyone()
								__lowercase							:int							=	os.path.join(args.save_dir, f"step_{step}")
								accelerator.save_state(save_dir)
								if accelerator.is_main_process:
												hf_repo.push_to_hub(commit_message=f"step {step}")
								model.train()
				if completed_steps >= args.max_train_steps:
								break

# Evaluate and save the last checkpoint
logger.info("Evaluating and saving model after training")
__lowercase							,  __lowercase							:List[str]							=	evaluate(args)
log_metrics(step, {"loss/eval": eval_loss, "perplexity": perplexity})
accelerator.wait_for_everyone()
__lowercase							:List[str]							=	accelerator.unwrap_model(model)
unwrapped_model.save_pretrained(args.save_dir, save_function=accelerator.save)
__lowercase							:List[Any]							=	os.path.join(args.save_dir, f"step_{step}")
accelerator.save_state(save_dir)
if accelerator.is_main_process:
				hf_repo.push_to_hub(commit_message="final model")