






def 						A_					(						lowercase_	,  lowercase_			)				->List[Any]:







 """simple docstring"""

 SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				    =		1
 while b > 0:
  if b & 1:
   res *= a

  a *= a
  b >>= 1

 return res





def 						A_					(						lowercase_	,  lowercase_	,  lowercase_			)				->Any:







 """simple docstring"""

 SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				    =		1
 while b > 0:
  if b & 1:
   SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				    =		((res % c) * (a % c)) % c

  a *= a
  b >>= 1

 return res








'''simple docstring'''

def __UpperCamelCase (      __lowerCamelCase		:			int					)   ->  int:







     '''simple docstring'''






     if not isinstance(__lowerCamelCase   ,	__lowerCamelCase					) or number < 0:
          raise ValueError("Input must be a non-negative integer"					)

     _a            =		number & ~(number - 1)
     _a            =		0
     while intermediate:
          intermediate >>= 1
          index += 1
     return index - 1


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod(verbose=True)

