






"""simple docstring"""



from __future__ import annotations

from queue import Queue

class 			a	:







    def __init__(     self			):
      lowercase				       =			{}







    def      UpperCamelCase_ (     self			):
      for i in self.vertices:
        print(_lowerCamelCase				,						' : '				,						' -> '.join([str(_lowerCamelCase			) for j in self.vertices[i]]			)			)







    def      UpperCamelCase_ (     self				,						_lowerCamelCase				,						_lowerCamelCase			):
      if from_vertex in self.vertices:
        self.vertices[from_vertex].append(_lowerCamelCase			)
      else:
        lowercase				       =			[to_vertex]







    def      UpperCamelCase_ (     self				,						_lowerCamelCase			):
      lowercase				       =			set()

      # create a first in first out queue to store all the vertices for BFS
      lowercase				       =			Queue()

      # mark the source node as visited and enqueue it
      visited.add(_lowerCamelCase			)
      queue.put(_lowerCamelCase			)

      while not queue.empty():
        lowercase				       =			queue.get()

        # loop through all adjacent vertex and enqueue it if not yet visited
        for adjacent_vertex in self.vertices[vertex]:
          if adjacent_vertex not in visited:
            queue.put(_lowerCamelCase			)
            visited.add(_lowerCamelCase			)
      return visited


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from doctest import testmod

    testmod(verbose=True)

    _UpperCamelCase						:    List[str]		=						Graph()
    g.add_edge(0, 1)
    g.add_edge(0, 2)
    g.add_edge(1, 2)
    g.add_edge(2, 0)
    g.add_edge(2, 3)
    g.add_edge(3, 3)

    g.print_graph()
    # 0  :  1 -> 2
    # 1  :  2
    # 2  :  0 -> 3
    # 3  :  3

    assert sorted(g.bfs(2)) == [0, 1, 2, 3]






"""simple docstring"""







def _A		(		lowercase						):







    """simple docstring"""
    a											=[]
    a											=1

    for i in range(len(lowercase						)						):
        if i + 1 < len(lowercase						) and text[i] == text[i + 1]:
            count += 1
        else:
            encoded.append((text[i], count)						)
            a											=1

    return encoded
def _A		(		lowercase						):







    """simple docstring"""
    return "".join(char * length for char, length in encoded						)


if __name__ == "__main__":
       from doctest import testmod

       testmod(name="""run_length_encode""", verbose=True)
       testmod(name="""run_length_decode""", verbose=True)