



"""simple docstring"""




import importlib
import sys
from argparse import REMAINDER, ArgumentParser
from pathlib import Path

import torch_xla.distributed.xla_multiprocessing as xmp


def 	lowercase__  (      )  ->      Dict:






      '''simple docstring'''


      lowercase	:   int											= ArgumentParser(
          description=(
              'PyTorch TPU distributed training launch helper utility that will spawn up multiple distributed processes'
          )					)

      # Optional arguments for the launch helper
      parser.add_argument('--num_cores'						,   type=_UpperCAmelCase						,   default=1						,   help='Number of TPU cores to use (1 or 8).'					)

      # positional
      parser.add_argument(
          'training_script'						,   type=_UpperCAmelCase						,   help=(
              'The full path to the single TPU training '
              'program/script to be launched in parallel, '
              'followed by all the arguments for the '
              'training script'
          )						,   )

      # rest from the training program
      parser.add_argument('training_script_args'						,   nargs=_UpperCAmelCase					)

      return parser.parse_args()


def 	lowercase__  (      )  ->      Any:






      '''simple docstring'''


      lowercase	:   Optional[int]											= parse_args()

      # Import training_script as a module.
      lowercase	:   Any											= Path(args.training_script					)
      sys.path.append(str(script_fpath.parent.resolve()					)					)
      lowercase	:   Tuple											= script_fpath.stem
      lowercase	:   str											= importlib.import_module(_UpperCAmelCase					)

      # Patch sys.argv
      lowercase	:   Dict											= [args.training_script] + args.training_script_args + ['--tpu_num_cores', str(args.num_cores					)]

      xmp.spawn(mod._mp_fn						,   args=()						,   nprocs=args.num_cores					)


if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()





"""simple docstring"""




from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

_UpperCamelCase:					str     				=	TypeVar('T')


class 	a__		(    Generic[T]  ):


   def __init__(				self   :				Optional[int],  lowerCAmelCase   :				T      )     ->							List[Any]:
         lowercase	:   Optional[int]											= data  # Assign data
         lowercase	:   Node[T] | None											= None  # Initialize next as null
         lowercase	:   Node[T] | None											= None  # Initialize prev as null




class 	a__		(    Generic[T]  ):


   def __init__(				self   :				Optional[int]      )     ->							None:
         lowercase	:   Node[T] | None											= None


   def 							lowercase					(				self   :				Any,  lowerCAmelCase   :				T      )     ->							None:
         if self.head is None:
               lowercase	:   Tuple											= Node(lowerCAmelCase      )
         else:
               lowercase	:   Dict											= Node(lowerCAmelCase      )
               lowercase	:   str											= new_node
               lowercase	:   int											= self.head
               lowercase	:   List[str]											= None
               lowercase	:   List[str]											= new_node


   def 							lowercase					(				self   :				Dict      )     ->							T | None:
         if self.head is None:
               return None
         else:
               assert self.head is not None
               lowercase	:   Optional[int]											= self.head.data
               lowercase	:   Any											= self.head.next
               if self.head is not None:
                     lowercase	:   Optional[Any]											= None
               return temp


   def 							lowercase					(				self   :				List[Any]      )     ->							T | None:
         return self.head.data if self.head is not None else None


   def __len__(				self   :				int      )     ->							int:
         lowercase	:   Any											= self.head
         lowercase	:   List[Any]											= 0
         while temp is not None:
               count += 1
               lowercase	:   Any											= temp.next
         return count


   def 							lowercase					(				self   :				List[Any]      )     ->							bool:
         return self.head is None






   def 							lowercase					(				self   :				Optional[int]      )     ->							None:
         print('stack elements are:'      )
         lowercase	:   Optional[int]											= self.head
         while temp is not None:
               print(temp.data,  end='->'      )
               lowercase	:   List[str]											= temp.next


# Code execution starts here
if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Start with the empty stack
     _UpperCamelCase:					Stack[int]     				=	Stack()

     # Insert 4 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->None
     print('Stack operations using Doubly LinkedList')
     stack.push(4)

     # Insert 5 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->None
     stack.push(5)

     # Insert 6 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->None
     stack.push(6)

     # Insert 7 at the beginning. So stack becomes 4->5->6->7->None
     stack.push(7)

     # Print the stack
     stack.print_stack()

     # Print the top element
     print('\nTop element is ', stack.top())

     # Print the stack size
     print('Size of the stack is ', len(stack))

     # pop the top element
     stack.pop()

     # pop the top element
     stack.pop()

     # two elements have now been popped off
     stack.print_stack()

     # Print True if the stack is empty else False
     print('\nstack is empty:', stack.is_empty())
