



"""simple docstring"""






from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Iterable

class 			__SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE      :


					'''simple docstring'''





					def __init__(			self				:    int,    lowerCamelCase				:    Tuple,    lowerCamelCase				:    Any	)->   List[Any]:
								lowerCamelCase__      ,  lowerCamelCase__						:						Tuple						      =float(lowerCamelCase	), float(lowerCamelCase	)



					def __eq__(			self				:    Dict,    lowerCamelCase				:    List[Any]	)->   Dict:
								return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y



					def __ne__(			self				:    Optional[int],    lowerCamelCase				:    str	)->   Tuple:
								return not self == other



					def __gt__(			self				:    Optional[Any],    lowerCamelCase				:    Optional[int]	)->   Tuple:
								if self.x > other.x:
											return True
								elif self.x == other.x:
											return self.y > other.y
								return False



					def __lt__(			self				:    Union[str, Any],    lowerCamelCase				:    str	)->   str:
								return not self > other



					def __ge__(			self				:    Union[str, Any],    lowerCamelCase				:    Optional[Any]	)->   Any:
								if self.x > other.x:
											return True
								elif self.x == other.x:
											return self.y >= other.y
								return False



					def __le__(			self				:    Union[str, Any],    lowerCamelCase				:    Union[str, Any]	)->   int:
								if self.x < other.x:
											return True
								elif self.x == other.x:
											return self.y <= other.y
								return False



					def __repr__(			self				:    Optional[int]	)->   Optional[Any]:
								return F'''({self.x}, {self.y})'''




					def __hash__(			self				:    int	)->   Union[str, Any]:
								return hash(self.x	)






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       list[Point] | list[list[float]] | Iterable[list[float]]				,						):
			"""simple docstring"""
			lowerCamelCase__						:						list[Point]						      =[]
			if list_of_tuples:
						for p in list_of_tuples:
									if isinstance(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      ):
												points.append(__lowerCamelCase      )
									else:
												try:
															points.append(Point(p[0]				,						p[1]      )      )
												except (IndexError, TypeError):
															print(
															    f'''Ignoring deformed point {p}. All points'''
															    ''' must have at least 2 coordinates.'''      )
			return points






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       list[Point] | list[list[float]]      ):
			"""simple docstring"""

			if not hasattr(__lowerCamelCase				,						'''__iter__'''      ):
						lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =f'''Expecting an iterable object but got an non-iterable type {points}'''
						raise ValueError(__lowerCamelCase      )

			if not points:
						lowerCamelCase__						:						Any						      =f'''Expecting a list of points but got {points}'''
						raise ValueError(__lowerCamelCase      )

			return _construct_points(__lowerCamelCase      )






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       Point				,						__lowerCamelCase							:       Point				,						__lowerCamelCase							:       Point      ):
			"""simple docstring"""
			lowerCamelCase__						:						List[Any]						      =(a.x * b.y + b.x * c.y + c.x * a.y) - (a.y * b.x + b.y * c.x + c.y * a.x)
			return det






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       list[Point]      ):
			"""simple docstring"""
			lowerCamelCase__						:						List[Any]						      =sorted(_validate_input(__lowerCamelCase      )      )
			lowerCamelCase__						:						List[Any]						      =len(__lowerCamelCase      )
			lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =set()

			for i in range(n - 1      ):
						for j in range(i + 1				,						__lowerCamelCase      ):
									lowerCamelCase__						:						Dict						      =False
									lowerCamelCase__						:						Optional[int]						      =True
									for k in range(__lowerCamelCase      ):
												if k != i and k != j:
															lowerCamelCase__						:						Dict						      =_det(points[i]				,						points[j]				,						points[k]      )

															if det_k > 0:
																		lowerCamelCase__						:						Optional[Any]						      =True
															elif det_k < 0:
																		lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =True
															else:
																		# point[i], point[j], point[k] all lie on a straight line
																		# if point[k] is to the left of point[i] or it's to the
																		# right of point[j], then point[i], point[j] cannot be
																		# part of the convex hull of A
																		if points[k] < points[i] or points[k] > points[j]:
																					lowerCamelCase__						:						List[str]						      =False
																					break

												if points_left_of_ij and points_right_of_ij:
															lowerCamelCase__						:						Tuple						      =False
															break

									if ij_part_of_convex_hull:
												convex_set.update([points[i], points[j]]      )

			return sorted(__lowerCamelCase      )






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       list[Point]      ):
			"""simple docstring"""
			lowerCamelCase__						:						str						      =sorted(_validate_input(__lowerCamelCase      )      )
			lowerCamelCase__						:						List[Any]						      =len(__lowerCamelCase      )

			# divide all the points into an upper hull and a lower hull
			# the left most point and the right most point are definitely
			# members of the convex hull by definition.
			# use these two anchors to divide all the points into two hulls,
			# an upper hull and a lower hull.

			# all points to the left (above) the line joining the extreme points belong to the
			# upper hull
			# all points to the right (below) the line joining the extreme points below to the
			# lower hull
			# ignore all points on the line joining the extreme points since they cannot be
			# part of the convex hull

			lowerCamelCase__						:						Dict						      =points[0]
			lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =points[n - 1]

			lowerCamelCase__						:						Dict						      ={left_most_point, right_most_point}
			lowerCamelCase__						:						Optional[Any]						      =[]
			lowerCamelCase__						:						List[Any]						      =[]

			for i in range(1				,						n - 1      ):
						lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =_det(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						points[i]      )

						if det > 0:
									upper_hull.append(points[i]      )
						elif det < 0:
									lower_hull.append(points[i]      )

			_construct_hull(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      )
			_construct_hull(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      )

			return sorted(__lowerCamelCase      )






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       list[Point]				,						__lowerCamelCase							:       Point				,						__lowerCamelCase							:       Point				,						__lowerCamelCase							:       set[Point]      ):
			"""simple docstring"""
			if points:
						lowerCamelCase__						:						str						      =None
						lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =float('''-inf'''      )
						lowerCamelCase__						:						Optional[Any]						      =[]

						for p in points:
									lowerCamelCase__						:						Any						      =_det(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      )

									if det > 0:
												candidate_points.append(__lowerCamelCase      )

												if det > extreme_point_distance:
															lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =det
															lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =p

						if extreme_point:
									_construct_hull(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      )
									convex_set.add(__lowerCamelCase      )
									_construct_hull(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      )






def 	snake_case__  (						__lowerCamelCase							:       list[Point]      ):
			"""simple docstring"""
			lowerCamelCase__						:						Dict						      =sorted(_validate_input(__lowerCamelCase      )      )
			lowerCamelCase__						:						str						      =len(__lowerCamelCase      )

			lowerCamelCase__						:						Union[str, Any]						      =points[:2]
			for i in range(2				,						__lowerCamelCase      ):
						lowerCamelCase__						:						str						      =_det(convex_hull[1]				,						convex_hull[0]				,						points[i]      )
						if det > 0:
									convex_hull.insert(0				,						points[i]      )
									break
						elif det < 0:
									convex_hull.append(points[i]      )
									break
						else:
									lowerCamelCase__						:						Any						      =points[i]
			i += 1

			for j in range(__lowerCamelCase				,						__lowerCamelCase      ):
						if (
						    _det(convex_hull[0]				,						convex_hull[-1]				,						points[j]      ) > 0
						    and _det(convex_hull[-1]				,						convex_hull[0]				,						points[1]      ) < 0
						):
									# The point lies within the convex hull
									continue

						convex_hull.insert(0				,						points[j]      )
						convex_hull.append(points[j]      )
						while _det(convex_hull[0]				,						convex_hull[1]				,						convex_hull[2]      ) >= 0:
									del convex_hull[1]
						while _det(convex_hull[-1]				,						convex_hull[-2]				,						convex_hull[-3]      ) <= 0:
									del convex_hull[-2]

    # `convex_hull` is contains the convex hull in circular order
			return sorted(convex_hull[1:] if len(__lowerCamelCase      ) > 3 else convex_hull      )






def 	snake_case__  (						):
			"""simple docstring"""
			lowerCamelCase__						:						List[str]						      =[
			    (0, 3),
			    (2, 2),
			    (1, 1),
			    (2, 1),
			    (3, 0),
			    (0, 0),
			    (3, 3),
			    (2, -1),
			    (2, -4),
			    (1, -3),
			]
			# the convex set of points is
			# [(0, 0), (0, 3), (1, -3), (2, -4), (3, 0), (3, 3)]
			lowerCamelCase__						:						Optional[int]						      =convex_hull_bf(__lowerCamelCase      )

			lowerCamelCase__						:						Any						      =convex_hull_recursive(__lowerCamelCase      )
			assert results_bf == results_recursive

			lowerCamelCase__						:						int						      =convex_hull_melkman(__lowerCamelCase      )
			assert results_bf == results_melkman

			print(__lowerCamelCase      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
		main()





from __future__ import annotations

import sys
class 	_a  :



	"""simple docstring"""



	def __init__(   self       ,  lowerCAmelCase_       ,  lowerCAmelCase_       ):
		_lowercase   =letter
		_lowercase   =freq
		_lowercase   ={}


	def __repr__(   self       ):
		return F'''{self.letter}:{self.freq}'''

class 	_a  :



	"""simple docstring"""



	def __init__(   self       ,  lowerCAmelCase_       ,  lowerCAmelCase_       ,  lowerCAmelCase_       ):
		_lowercase   =freq
		_lowercase   =left
		_lowercase   =right

def 	__lowerCamelCase							(				__a    : str		)      ->       list[Letter]:
	_lowercase   ={}
	with open(__a		) as f:
		while True:
			_lowercase   =f.read(1		)
			if not c:
				break
			_lowercase   =chars[c] + 1 if c in chars else 1
	return sorted((Letter(__a      ,							__a		) for c, f in chars.items())      ,							key=lambda __a		: x.freq		)

def 	__lowerCamelCase							(				__a    : list[Letter]		)      ->       Letter | TreeNode:
	_lowercase   =letters  # type: ignore
	while len(__a		) > 1:
		_lowercase   =response.pop(0		)
		_lowercase   =response.pop(0		)
		_lowercase   =left.freq + right.freq
		_lowercase   =TreeNode(__a      ,							__a      ,							__a		)
		response.append(__a		)
		response.sort(key=lambda __a		: x.freq		)
	return response[0]

def 	__lowerCamelCase							(				__a    : Letter | TreeNode      ,							__a    : str		)      ->       list[Letter]:
	if isinstance(__a      ,							__a		):
		_lowercase   =bitstring
		return [root]
	_lowercase   =root  # type: ignore
	_lowercase   =[]
	letters += traverse_tree(treenode.left      ,							bitstring + "0"		)
	letters += traverse_tree(treenode.right      ,							bitstring + "1"		)
	return letters

def 	__lowerCamelCase							(				__a    : str		)      ->       None:
	_lowercase   =parse_file(__a		)
	_lowercase   =build_tree(__a		)
	_lowercase   ={
	    k: v for letter in traverse_tree(__a      ,							""		) for k, v in letter.bitstring.items()
	}
	print(f'''Huffman Coding  of {file_path}: '''		)
	with open(__a		) as f:
		while True:
			_lowercase   =f.read(1		)
			if not c:
				break
			print(letters[c]      ,							end=" "		)
	print()


if __name__ == "__main__":
						# pass the file path to the huffman function
						huffman(sys.argv[1])




