



import numpy as np







def  _UpperCAmelCase  (				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__="utf-8"			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__="surrogatepass"  ):


						'''simple docstring'''




						lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					bin(int.from_bytes(text.encode(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )			,"""big"""  )  )[2:]
						return bits.zfill(8 * ((len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) + 7) // 8)  )







def  _UpperCAmelCase  (				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__="utf-8"			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__="surrogatepass"  ):


						'''simple docstring'''




						lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					int(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,2  )
						return n.to_bytes((n.bit_length() + 7) // 8			,"""big"""  ).decode(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) or "\0"







def  _UpperCAmelCase  (				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ):


						'''simple docstring'''




						if size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) <= 2**size_par - (len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) - 1):
												raise ValueError("""size of parity don't match with size of data"""  )

						lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					[]
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					[]
						lowerCAmelCase	:   str					     =					[bin(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )[2:] for x in range(1			,size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) + 1  )]

						# sorted information data for the size of the output data
						lowerCAmelCase	:   int					     =					[]
						# data position template + parity
						lowerCAmelCase	:   List[str]					     =					[]
						# parity bit counter
						lowerCAmelCase	:   int					     =					0
						# counter position of data bits
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					0

						for x in range(1			,size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) + 1  ):
												# Performs a template of bit positions - who should be given,
												# and who should be parity
												if qtd_bp < size_par:
																		if (np.log(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) / np.log(2  )).is_integer():
																								data_out_gab.append("""P"""  )
																								lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					qtd_bp + 1
																		else:
																								data_out_gab.append("""D"""  )
												else:
																		data_out_gab.append("""D"""  )

												# Sorts the data to the new output size
												if data_out_gab[-1] == "D":
																		data_ord.append(data[cont_data]  )
																		cont_data += 1
												else:
																		data_ord.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )

    # Calculates parity
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					0  # parity bit counter
						for bp in range(1			,size_par + 1  ):
												# Bit counter one for a given parity
												lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					0
												# counter to control the loop reading
												lowerCAmelCase	:   Tuple					     =					0
												for x in data_ord:
																		if x is not None:
																								try:
																														lowerCAmelCase	:   str					     =					(bin_pos[cont_loop])[-1 * (bp)]
																								except IndexError:
																														lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					"""0"""
																								if aux == "1" and x == "1":
																														cont_bo += 1
																		cont_loop += 1
												parity.append(cont_bo % 2  )

												qtd_bp += 1

						# Mount the message
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					0  # parity bit counter
						for x in range(0			,size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )  ):
												if data_ord[x] is None:
																		data_out.append(str(parity[cont_bp]  )  )
																		cont_bp += 1
												else:
																		data_out.append(data_ord[x]  )

						return data_out







def  _UpperCAmelCase  (				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ):


						'''simple docstring'''




						lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					[]
						# Parity bit counter
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					0
						# Counter p data bit reading
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					0
						# list of parity received
						lowerCAmelCase	:   List[Any]					     =					[]
						lowerCAmelCase	:   List[Any]					     =					[]

						for x in range(1			,len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) + 1  ):
												# Performs a template of bit positions - who should be given,
												#  and who should be parity
												if qtd_bp < size_par and (np.log(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) / np.log(2  )).is_integer():
																		data_out_gab.append("""P"""  )
																		lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					qtd_bp + 1
												else:
																		data_out_gab.append("""D"""  )

												# Sorts the data to the new output size
												if data_out_gab[-1] == "D":
																		data_output.append(data[cont_data]  )
												else:
																		parity_received.append(data[cont_data]  )
												cont_data += 1

						# -----------calculates the parity with the data
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Optional[Any]					     =					[]
						lowerCAmelCase	:   List[Any]					     =					[]
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					[bin(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )[2:] for x in range(1			,size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) + 1  )]

						#  sorted information data for the size of the output data
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					[]
						# Data position feedback + parity
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					[]
						# Parity bit counter
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Dict					     =					0
						# Counter p data bit reading
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Optional[Any]					     =					0

						for x in range(1			,size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) + 1  ):
												# Performs a template position of bits - who should be given,
												# and who should be parity
												if qtd_bp < size_par and (np.log(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ) / np.log(2  )).is_integer():
																		data_out_gab.append("""P"""  )
																		lowerCAmelCase	:   List[str]					     =					qtd_bp + 1
												else:
																		data_out_gab.append("""D"""  )

												# Sorts the data to the new output size
												if data_out_gab[-1] == "D":
																		data_ord.append(data_output[cont_data]  )
																		cont_data += 1
												else:
																		data_ord.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )

    # Calculates parity
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Tuple					     =					0  # parity bit counter
						for bp in range(1			,size_par + 1  ):
												# Bit counter one for a certain parity
												lowerCAmelCase	:   List[Any]					     =					0
												# Counter to control loop reading
												lowerCAmelCase	:   str					     =					0
												for x in data_ord:
																		if x is not None:
																								try:
																														lowerCAmelCase	:   Optional[Any]					     =					(bin_pos[cont_loop])[-1 * (bp)]
																								except IndexError:
																														lowerCAmelCase	:   List[str]					     =					"""0"""
																								if aux == "1" and x == "1":
																														cont_bo += 1
																		cont_loop += 1
												parity.append(str(cont_bo % 2  )  )

												qtd_bp += 1

						# Mount the message
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					0  # Parity bit counter
						for x in range(0			,size_par + len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )  ):
												if data_ord[x] is None:
																		data_out.append(str(parity[cont_bp]  )  )
																		cont_bp += 1
												else:
																		data_out.append(data_ord[x]  )

						lowerCAmelCase	:   Optional[int]					     =					parity_received == parity
						return data_output, ack






import cva
import numpy as np







def  _UpperCAmelCase  (				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ):


						'''simple docstring'''




						try:
												return int(image[x_coordinate][y_coordinate] >= center  )
						except (IndexError, TypeError):
												return 0







def  _UpperCAmelCase  (				SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ):


						'''simple docstring'''




						lowerCAmelCase	:   Any					     =					image[x_coordinate][y_coordinate]
						lowerCAmelCase	:   int					     =					[1, 2, 4, 8, 1_6, 3_2, 6_4, 1_2_8]

						# skip get_neighbors_pixel if center is null
						if center is None:
												return 0

						# Starting from the top right, assigning value to pixels clockwise
						lowerCAmelCase	:   Union[str, Any]					     =					[
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,x_coordinate - 1			,y_coordinate + 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,y_coordinate + 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,x_coordinate - 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,x_coordinate + 1			,y_coordinate + 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,x_coordinate + 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,x_coordinate + 1			,y_coordinate - 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,y_coordinate - 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						    get_neighbors_pixel(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,x_coordinate - 1			,y_coordinate - 1			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  ),
						]

						# Converting the binary value to decimal.
						return sum(
						    binary_value * power for binary_value, power in zip(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__			,SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__  )  )


if __name__ == "__main__":
		# Reading the image and converting it to grayscale.
		lowerCAmelCase					:				Dict   	=cva.imread(
		    'digital_image_processing/image_data/lena.jpg', cva.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE
		)

		# Create a numpy array as the same height and width of read image
		lowerCAmelCase					:				Dict   	=np.zeros((image.shape[0], image.shape[1]))

		# Iterating through the image and calculating the
		# local binary pattern value for each pixel.
		for i in range(0, image.shape[0]):
				for j in range(0, image.shape[1]):
						lowerCAmelCase					:				Optional[int]   	=local_binary_value(image, i, j)

		cva.imshow('local binary pattern', lbp_image)
		cva.waitKey(0)
		cva.destroyAllWindows()

