

'''simple docstring'''


from __future__ import annotations







def     SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE(	UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase	)     ->     Any:
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[Any]													=       0
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   Any													=       len(UpperCamelCase	) - 1
	while left <= right:
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   Optional[int]													=       (left + right) // 2
		if left == right:
			if sorted_list[middle] < item:
				UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[Any]													=       middle + 1
			break
		elif sorted_list[middle] < item:
			UpperCAmelCase_		:   Tuple													=       middle + 1
		else:
			UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[Any]													=       middle - 1
	sorted_list.insert(UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase	)
	return sorted_list







def     SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE(	UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase	)     ->     str:
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   Union[str, Any]													=       []
	while left and right:
		if left[0][0] < right[0][0]:
			result.append(left.pop(0	)	)
		else:
			result.append(right.pop(0	)	)
	return result + left + right







def     SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE(	UpperCamelCase	)     ->     List[Any]:
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[str]													=       len(UpperCamelCase	)
	if length <= 1:
		return list_ad
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[str]													=       length // 2
	return merge(sortlist_ad(list_ad[:middle]	) ,sortlist_ad(list_ad[middle:]	)	)







def     SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE(	UpperCamelCase	)     ->     list[int]:

	if len(UpperCamelCase	) <= 1:
		return collection
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   Union[str, Any]													=       []
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   Union[str, Any]													=       False
	for i in range(0 ,len(UpperCamelCase	) ,2	):
		if i == len(UpperCamelCase	) - 1:
			UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[Any]													=       True
		else:
			if collection[i] < collection[i + 1]:
				two_paired_list.append([collection[i], collection[i + 1]]	)
			else:
				two_paired_list.append([collection[i + 1], collection[i]]	)
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   Any													=       sortlist_ad(UpperCamelCase	)
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   List[str]													=       [i[0] for i in sorted_list_ad]
	result.append(sorted_list_ad[-1][1]	)
	if has_last_odd_item:
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   Any													=       collection[-1]
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   Any													=       binary_search_insertion(UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase	)
	UpperCAmelCase_		:   Dict													=       False
	for i in range(len(UpperCamelCase	) - 1	):
		if result[i] == collection[-1] and has_last_odd_item:
			UpperCAmelCase_		:   Dict													=       True
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   int													=       sorted_list_ad[i][1]
		# If last_odd_item is inserted before the item's index,
		# you should forward index one more.
		if is_last_odd_item_inserted_before_this_index:
			UpperCAmelCase_		:   Any													=       result[: i + 2] + binary_search_insertion(result[i + 2 :] ,UpperCamelCase	)
		else:
			UpperCAmelCase_		:   Optional[int]													=       result[: i + 1] + binary_search_insertion(result[i + 1 :] ,UpperCamelCase	)

	return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
						lowerCAmelCase__      				=			input("Enter numbers separated by a comma:\n").strip()
						lowerCAmelCase__      				=			[int(item) for item in user_input.split(",")]
						print(merge_insertion_sort(unsorted))









'''simple docstring'''


from __future__ import annotations







def     SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE(	UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase	)     ->     int:

	# Base Case
	if counter == 0 or capacity == 0:
		return 0

	# If weight of the nth item is more than Knapsack of capacity,
	#   then this item cannot be included in the optimal solution,
	# else return the maximum of two cases:
	#   (1) nth item included
	#   (2) not included
	if weights[counter - 1] > capacity:
		return knapsack(UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,counter - 1	)
	else:
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   int													=       capacity - weights[counter - 1]
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   Optional[int]													=       values[counter - 1] + knapsack(
		    UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,counter - 1	)
		UpperCAmelCase_		:   Any													=       knapsack(UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase ,counter - 1	)
		return max(UpperCamelCase ,UpperCamelCase	)


if __name__ == "__main__":
						import doctest

						doctest.testmod()






