# Source code for scrapy.utils.request

    """
    This module provides some useful functions for working with
    scrapy.Request objects
    """

    from __future__ import annotations

    import hashlib
    import json
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Protocol
    from urllib.parse import urlunparse
    from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary

    from w3lib.url import canonicalize_url

    from scrapy import Request, Spider
    from scrapy.utils.httpobj import urlparse_cached
    from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
    from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, to_unicode

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        from collections.abc import Iterable

        # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
        from typing_extensions import Self

        from scrapy.crawler import Crawler

    _fingerprint_cache: WeakKeyDictionary[
        Request, dict[tuple[tuple[bytes, ...] | None, bool], bytes]
    ] = WeakKeyDictionary()

    def fingerprint(
        request: Request,
        *,
        include_headers: Iterable[bytes | str] | None = None,
        keep_fragments: bool = False,
    ) -> bytes:
        """
        Return the request fingerprint.

        The request fingerprint is a hash that uniquely identifies the resource the
        request points to. For example, take the following two urls:
        ``http://www.example.com/query?id=111&cat=222``,
        ``http://www.example.com/query?cat=222&id=111``.

        Even though those are two different URLs both point to the same resource
        and are equivalent (i.e. they should return the same response).

        Another example are cookies used to store session ids. Suppose the
        following page is only accessible to authenticated users:
        ``http://www.example.com/members/offers.html``.

        Lots of sites use a cookie to store the session id, which adds a random
        component to the HTTP Request and thus should be ignored when calculating
        the fingerprint.

        For this reason, request headers are ignored by default when calculating
        the fingerprint. If you want to include specific headers use the
        include_headers argument, which is a list of Request headers to include.

        Also, servers usually ignore fragments in urls when handling requests,
        so they are also ignored by default when calculating the fingerprint.
        If you want to include them, set the keep_fragments argument to True
        (for instance when handling requests with a headless browser).
        """
        processed_include_headers: tuple[bytes, ...] | None = None
        if include_headers:
            processed_include_headers = tuple(
                to_bytes(h.lower()) for h in sorted(include_headers)
            )
        cache = _fingerprint_cache.setdefault(request, {})
        cache_key = (processed_include_headers, keep_fragments)
        if cache_key not in cache:
            # To decode bytes reliably (JSON does not support bytes), regardless of
            # character encoding, we use bytes.hex()
            headers: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
            if processed_include_headers:
                for header in processed_include_headers:
                    if header in request.headers:
                        headers[header.hex()] = [
                            header_value.hex()
                            for header_value in request.headers.getlist(header)
                        ]
            fingerprint_data = {
                "method": to_unicode(request.method),
                "url": canonicalize_url(request.url, keep_fragments=keep_fragments),
                "body": (request.body or b"").hex(),
                "headers": headers,
            }
            fingerprint_json = json.dumps(fingerprint_data, sort_keys=True)
            cache[cache_key] = hashlib.sha1(  # noqa: S324
                fingerprint_json.encode()
            ).digest()
        return cache[cache_key]

    class RequestFingerprinterProtocol(Protocol):
        def fingerprint(self, request: Request) -> bytes: ...

    class RequestFingerprinter:
        """Default fingerprinter.

        It takes into account a canonical version
        (:func:`w3lib.url.canonicalize_url`) of :attr:`request.url
        <scrapy.Request.url>` and the values of :attr:`request.method
        <scrapy.Request.method>` and :attr:`request.body
        <scrapy.Request.body>`. It then generates an `SHA1
        <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1>`_ hash.
        """

        @classmethod
        def from_crawler(cls, crawler: Crawler) -> Self:
            return cls(crawler)

        def __init__(self, crawler: Crawler | None = None):
            self._fingerprint = fingerprint

        def fingerprint(self, request: Request) -> bytes:
            return self._fingerprint(request)

    def request_httprepr(request: Request) -> bytes:
        """Return the raw HTTP representation (as bytes) of the given request.
        This is provided only for reference since it's not the actual stream of
        bytes that will be send when performing the request (that's controlled
        by Twisted).
        """
        parsed = urlparse_cached(request)
        path = urlunparse(("", "", parsed.path or "/", parsed.params, parsed.query, ""))
        s = to_bytes(request.method) + b" " + to_bytes(path) + b" HTTP/1.1\r\n"
        s += b"Host: " + to_bytes(parsed.hostname or b"") + b"\r\n"
        if request.headers:
            s += request.headers.to_string() + b"\r\n"
        s += b"\r\n"
        s += request.body
        return s

    def referer_str(request: Request) -> str | None:
        """Return Referer HTTP header suitable for logging."""
        referrer = request.headers.get("Referer")
        if referrer is None:
            return referrer
        return to_unicode(referrer, errors="replace")

    def request_from_dict(d: dict[str, Any], *, spider: Spider | None = None) -> Request:
        """Create a :class:`~scrapy.Request` object from a dict.

        If a spider is given, it will try to resolve the callbacks looking at the
        spider for methods with the same name.
        """
        request_cls: type[Request] = load_object(d["_class"]) if "_class" in d else Request
        kwargs = {key: value for key, value in d.items() if key in request_cls.attributes}
        if d.get("callback") and spider:
            kwargs["callback"] = _get_method(spider, d["callback"])
        if d.get("errback") and spider:
            kwargs["errback"] = _get_method(spider, d["errback"])
        return request_cls(**kwargs)

    def _get_method(obj: Any, name: Any) -> Any:
        """Helper function for request_from_dict"""
        name = str(name)
        try:
            return getattr(obj, name)
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError(f"Method {name!r} not found in: {obj}")

    def request_to_curl(request: Request) -> str:
        """
        Converts a :class:`~scrapy.Request` object to a curl command.

        :param :class:`~scrapy.Request`: Request object to be converted
        :return: string containing the curl command
        """
        method = request.method

        data = f"--data-raw '{request.body.decode('utf-8')}'" if request.body else ""

        headers = " ".join(
            f"-H '{k.decode()}: {v[0].decode()}'" for k, v in request.headers.items()
        )

        url = request.url
        cookies = ""
        if request.cookies:
            if isinstance(request.cookies, dict):
                cookie = "; ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in request.cookies.items())
                cookies = f"--cookie '{cookie}'"
            elif isinstance(request.cookies, list):
                cookie = "; ".join(
                    f"{next(iter(c.keys()))}={next(iter(c.values()))}"
                    for c in request.cookies
                )
                cookies = f"--cookie '{cookie}'"

        curl_cmd = f"curl -X {method} {url} {data} {headers} {cookies}".strip()
        return " ".join(curl_cmd.split())