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# 飓风威拉
飓风威拉（英語：）是2018年10月下旬在墨西哥西南部产生狂风暴雨并造成重大破坏的强劲热带气旋，其中锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州灾情特别严重。威拉是2018年太平洋颶風季形成的第25个热带气旋，第22个获命名的风暴，第13场飓风，第十场大型飓风，和追平历史最高纪录的第三场五级飓风，还是2006年飓风莱恩过后首场登陆锡那罗亚州的大型飓风。
威拉源自10月初离开非洲的东风波，14日抵达加勒比海西南部后，美国国家飓风中心认为系统有组织成热带气旋的潜力并开始监控，但东风波实际上没有显著发展便穿越中美洲进入东太平洋。气象机构继续追踪，系统于10月20日在墨西哥西南近海组织成热带低气压，而且当天就升级成热带风暴威拉并开始快速增强，次日达到最大持续风速每小时260公里的最高强度，已属五级飓风。受眼牆置換循環和风切变增多的共同影响，气旋逐渐减弱，于10月24日清晨以三级飓风强度登陆墨西哥錫那羅亞州，此后迅速弱化，当天便在墨西哥东北部上空逐渐消散。
面对飓风威胁，墨西哥西部地区接获热带风暴或飓风观察预警和警告。气旋共夺走九条人命，经济损失达162亿墨西哥比索（相当于同年的8.25亿美元），其中大部分发生在飓风沿途地区。威拉共导致四个州近十万居民家中断电，埃斯奎纳帕的学校、医院和基础设施遭受重大破坏，损失总额估计达60亿墨西哥比索（合3.06亿美元）。河流泛滥成灾导致建筑受损，锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州大片地区没有饮用水。周边多个州发生洪灾和山体滑坡，造成破坏和人员受伤。威拉的残留后来进入美国，在德克萨斯州引发山洪。飓风过后，大批灾民直到数月后才获得墨西哥联邦政府的直接援助。该国居民主要依靠救灾组织帮助搜寻个人财物，修复受损房屋。锡那罗亚州政府向灾民提供的床垫已经腐烂，联邦政府用于救灾的拨款下落不明，部分地区直到风暴过去数月后才开始重建。

## 气象历史
飓风威拉源自2018年10月2日离开非洲西海岸的东风波，此后几天向西穿越大西洋，其间对流（即雷暴）偶有爆发，但在强烈的风切变干扰下无法朝中心聚集。10月14日，美国国家飓风中心开始监控位于加勒比海西南部的东风波，认为系统有发展成热带天气系统的潜力。次日，行进至尤卡坦半岛东南方向的系统结构已有改善，而且陆地附近的外界条件也有利于进一步发展，美国空军预备役司令部第53气象侦察中队为此制订洛克希德WC-130侦察机飞入系统调查的计划。但是，东风波于10月16日登陆伯利兹，故而无法继续组织。
10月17日清晨，东风波进入东太平洋，次日仍未凝聚成热带气旋，结构渐趋混乱，形状显著拉长。10月19日清晨，东风波所在位置东侧形成新低壓槽，并于当天组织成热带风暴维森特。原本的东风波继续向西并逐渐组织，于协调世界时10月20日午夜0点在曼萨尼约以南约425公里海域发展成热带低气压。气旋中心以南开始形成带状特征，中心以东的云顶温度低至零下85至91摄氏度。接下来系统发展出紧密的内核，美国国家飓风中心于中午12点左右将曼萨尼约西南偏南方向约465公里洋面的热带低气压升级成热带风暴，并以“威拉”（）命名。
不久，风暴开始快速增强，下层中心嵌入环流中心周围的中心密集雲團區下方，还开始沿中层高壓脊的西侧边缘转朝西北方向前进。气旋四周及上空的条件有利于发展，风切变很少，空气湿度高，海面温度达到29摄氏度，促使威拉于10月21日早上六点升级成飓风。系统周围的外流格局良好，对流中心形成小風眼。下午18点，气旋已达三级飓风标准，红外线图像和卫星图像上的风眼都已非常清晰，成为2018年太平洋颶風季第十场大型飓风。风暴继续快速增强，于10月22日早上六点左右在墨西哥哈利斯科州科连特斯角（）西南偏南方向约315公里水域达到最大持续风速每小时260公里，最低气压925毫巴（百帕，27.3英寸汞柱）的最高强度，已属五级飓风，这也表明威拉的风力时速在48小时内共提升205公里。此后几天气旋蜿蜒逼近墨西哥，沿高压脊边缘转向北上，后又因中到上层低压槽逼近转朝东北方向移动。
威拉达到最高强度后不久，微波卫星图像发现外层风眼墙，表明飓风进入眼牆置換循環。在此期间，气旋还同东南方向的小型热带风暴维森特相互影响。虽然外界环境有利，但眼牆置換循環仍令威拉减弱，风眼被云层遮挡。随着西南向风切变开始增长，风暴强度在10月23日早上六点左右回落到三级飓风范围。眼牆置換循環结束后，飓风停止减弱，风眼于下午17点45分经过圣胡安尼托岛和瑪麗亞群島上空。10月24日凌晨1点20分，系统以三级飓风强度从錫那羅亞州棕榈佛得角（）附近登陆，此时的一分钟持续风速为每小时185公里，中心最低气压968毫巴（百帕，28.6英寸汞柱）。威拉至此成为2015年颶風派翠莎过后首场袭击墨西哥的太平洋大型飓风，也是2006年飓风莱恩过后第一场吹袭锡那罗亚州的大型飓风。风暴朝内陆进发，风眼很快就从卫星图像上消失。受西南向风切变和墨西哥山区地形共同影响，威拉迅速减弱，早上六点已消退成热带风暴，并且六小时后便在墨西哥东北部上空消散，中到上层环流与下层环流分离。气旋残留继续向东北方向移动，在美国多个州产生降水，残留低气压蕴藏的能量还促使美国东部形成东北风暴。

## 防灾措施
10月21日下午15点，墨西哥政府向納亞里特州圣布拉斯（）至馬薩特蘭的该国西岸地区发布飓风观察预警，同时向圣布拉斯至普拉亚普鲁拉（）之间发布热带风暴观察预警。六小时后，马萨特兰至坦培瓦亚湾间（）地区也收到热带风暴观察预警。10月22日凌晨三点，飓风观察预警和热带风暴观察预警升级成飓风警告或热带风暴警告。威拉在杜蘭戈州上空减弱成热带风暴后，所有警告均于10月24日早上六点中止。
威拉逼近墨西哥太平洋沿海地区期间，该国还接获其他多种天气预警。风暴直接威胁的锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州地区收到代表最高危险等级的红色警报。锡那罗亚州中部和哈利斯科州巴亚尔塔港接到代表高危险等级的橙色警报。奇瓦瓦州大部分地区进入黄色警戒状态，表明中等程度危险，危胁主要是暴雨。南下加利福尼亞州因海岸沿岸的海浪威胁收到绿色预警，代表最低等级危险。墨西哥海军部长维达尔弗朗西斯科·索伯伦·桑斯（）海军上将在索诺拉州、锡那罗亚州、纳亚里特州、哈利斯科州、科利马州和米却肯州启动致力军事防灾救灾的海洋计划预防措施。科蒙都港、拉巴斯港、洛斯卡沃斯港及其他位于加利福尼亚湾和科尔特斯海的港口禁止小型船只出海。锡那罗亚州康科迪亚（）、科萨拉（）、伊洛塔（）、埃斯奎纳帕、马萨特兰（）、罗萨里奥（）和圣伊格纳西奥自治区（）停课。哈利斯科州北岸和南岸约有1265所学校关闭。
锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州约有20万人离开家园，其中约四万人经墨西哥陆军、海军及应急人员协助安置在2900多个避难所。风暴沿途商铺和企业关闭，马萨特兰国际机场及附近酒店风暴期间暂停开放。。面对洪灾威胁，马萨特兰自治区30个社区疏散。应急部门将沿海城市超过4250人强制疏散，并在风暴来袭前建立58个避难所。哈利斯科州设立23个避难所，约2500人提前转移。飓风促使埃斯奎纳帕至少六千人撤离。墨西哥自然灾害救济机构“丰登”（）提前向风暴登陆点附近及预计路线沿途居民分配90公噸食品。飓风登陆前数小时，墨西哥海军在南下加利福尼亚州拉巴斯设立粮食和其他物资收集中心。
面对飓风威拉和热带风暴维森特的双重威胁，诺唯真极乐号（）游轮于10月23日改道加利福尼亚州聖地牙哥。不过，墨西哥国有的墨西哥石油公司宣布会在哈利斯科州、锡那罗亚州、纳亚里特州、索诺拉州和科利马州维持正常运营。为防万一，锡那罗亚州暂停所有公共交通和生产经营活动。纳亚里特州的公路和企业关闭，政府官员呼吁居民留在家里。为防抽水设备风暴期间损坏，纳亚里特州特皮克的27个社区于10月23日停水。哈利斯特州交通运输部聘请四百人检视322座桥梁和超过2200公里长的公路。该机构还备有包括鏟斗機在内的60台机器，准备应对山体滑坡。风暴期间，待命的路勤人员从22人增至40人。

## 影响

### 墨西哥
气旋风眼从瑪麗亞群島的两个岛屿上空经过，产生时速179公里的强烈阵风，15分钟的平均持续风速达每小时142公里，相当于时速160公里的一分钟持续风速。玛丽亚群岛监狱在风暴期间受损，棕榈树被连根拔起，屋顶坍塌，栅栏上的铁丝网也被扯落。
据追风者记载，飓风风眼登陆墨西哥本土时的最低气压只有968毫巴（百帕，28.6英寸汞柱]]），表明登陆时的风速为每小时185公里。登陆点及移动路线周边的阵风达飓风强度，同时伴随大浪和强烈的风暴潮。墨西哥西部降下暴雨，降水最多的圣安德烈斯米尔皮拉斯（）位于纳亚里特州北部，雨量达391毫米；哈利斯科州西部的锡瓦特兰也测得335毫米雨量。除上述两州外，威拉还在科利马州、杜蘭戈州、米却肯州和锡那罗亚州产生强降水。受风暴影响，锡那罗亚州、 纳亚里特州、杜蘭戈州和米却肯州约有9.62万人失去供电。

#### 锡那罗亚州
飓风威拉在锡那罗亚州登陆，埃斯奎纳帕和罗萨里奥两个自治区与外界的交通中断。狂风令民房受损，还刮倒树木阻塞道路。埃斯奎纳帕综合医院受到破坏，部分屋顶和墙壁坍塌，军人将院内35名病人转移。该市的电力和饮用水供应中断，估计损失总额达60亿墨西哥比索（合3.06亿美元）。埃斯奎纳帕72所学校因飓风严重受损，罗萨里奥也有19所，全州七个自治区共有1.7万公顷庄稼受到破坏。
气旋引发的洪灾导致特雷沃尔二世（）社区大坝损伤。通往特卡潘（）的公路沿线输电线缆中断，导致全镇停电。罗萨里奥至少降下188毫米雨量，导致巴卢阿特河（）水位急剧上涨，将石材开采机械和运输卡车卷走。基础设施所受破坏致使罗萨里奥多个社区没有饮用水，至少53公里公路无法通行，约三千公顷农作物因河水泛滥受损。暴雨在馬薩特蘭引发岩崩，卡马隆（）泻湖水位上涨。

#### 纳亚里特州
| 名称     | 年份   | 损失（美元） | 来源                        |
| -------- | ------ | ------------ | --------------------------- |
| 曼努埃尔 | 2013年 | 42亿         | [ 60 ]                      |
| 伊尼基   | 1992年 | 31亿         | [ 61 ]                      |
| 奥迪勒   | 2014年 | 12.5亿       | [ 62 ]                      |
| 阿加莎   | 2010年 | 11亿         | [ 63 ]                      |
| 威拉     | 2018年 | 8.25亿       | [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 52 ] [ 66 ] |
| 玛德琳   | 1998年 | 7.5亿        | [ 67 ]                      |
| 罗莎     | 1994年 | 7亿          | [ 68 ]                      |
| 保罗     | 1982年 | 5.2亿        | [ 69 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ]        |
| 奥克塔夫 | 1983年 | 5.125亿      | [ 72 ] [ 73 ]               |
| 诺曼     | 1978年 | 5亿          | [ 74 ]                      |

威拉在纳亚里特州共造成至少100亿墨西哥比索（合5.1亿美元）的经济损失，导致约十万人无家可归，共12个自治区进入紧急状态。单该州北部的农业水力系统就受到价值七亿墨西哥比索（合3570万美元）的破坏。暴雨令河水浪头涨至超过11米，迫使多个自治区人员疏散，全州共1.2万人被迫前往避难所。
飓风降下暴雨，在圣佩德罗河（）与阿卡波內塔河沿线引发重大洪灾，18万人受影响。圣佩德罗河沿线四人溺毙，其中华吉科里（）三人，图斯潘（）的圣维森特（）一人。唯一通往乌卡拉山谷社区的公路被洪水冲毁，居民同外界的联系中断。狂风和洪水令当地养虾场血本无归，其中一户农民损失的虾有20至30公吨，价值约两百万墨西哥比索（合8.2万美元）。圣佩德罗河位于图斯潘境内河段溢出，导致污水泄露，该自治区四所公立学校中有三所遭受洪灾严重破坏，纳亚里特州还有另外42所学校受到相当程度破坏。图斯潘数万居民遭受深达两米的洪水影响。纳亚里特州北部还因河流泛滥导致饮用水短缺，供水直到风暴过去至少两周才陆续恢复。图斯潘政府的粮仓被淹，两吨食品援助毁于一旦。消防员通宵达旦救助被困屋顶的灾民。
阿卡波內塔河沿线洪灾严重程度创下新纪录，洪峰高达12.2米，最大泄洪量为每秒1.7万立方米，阿卡波内塔受到严重影响。墨西哥68号联邦公路许多车辆被洪水所困，阿卡波内塔收费站附近情况特别严重。民防及墨西哥海军人员开展至少80次水陆救援。墨西哥15D号联邦公路位于阿卡波內塔至拉瓜西马（）路段因洪水封闭。

#### 其他地区
威拉在米却肯州降下暴雨，部分地区发生洪灾，导致河流泛滥。科因齐奥（）大坝达到九八成容量，州首府莫雷利亚的蓄水和排污系统全部满荷。首府部分地点水深达一米，致使40个社区被淹，成百上千的民宅进水。贾卡兰达斯（）社区的污水系统发出异味，居民被迫转移。全市共开设三个避难所容纳灾民，经济损失估计为3500万墨西哥比索（合179万美元）。阿塔帕诺（）因山体滑坡导致货运列车脱轨，两人因此受伤。风暴带来的雨水令查帕拉湖上涨。
威拉在科利馬州沿海引起的大浪将船掀翻，船上分别28岁和30岁的两兄弟遇溺，两人当时正在抛洒亲人的骨灰，尸体后由地方官员和墨西哥海军找回。威拉和附近的热带风暴维森特导致天气反复无常，停靠曼萨尼约和图斯潘的许多油輪无法卸油，再加上向瓜达拉哈拉运送石油的主要管道关闭，导致哈利斯科州燃料短缺，约500个加油站受影响。
附近的哈利斯科州同样降下暴雨，引发街道洪灾，河流泛滥。梅拉克（）的步兵总部被淹，军人被迫转移。急流冲破拉曼萨尼拉（）鳄鱼栖息地的篱笆，成百上千的鳄鱼逃脱。大量降水令帕帕洛阿潘河与夸察夸尔科斯河泛滥成灾。蓬塔佩鲁拉（）的洪水有60厘米高，至少十余幢房屋进水。巴亚尔塔港近海波涛汹涌，当地还有树木倒塌并发生山体滑坡。暴雨在索諾拉州諾加萊斯夺走两条人命，洪水卷走汽车并冲进民房和商铺。
杜蘭戈州梅斯基特自治区（）一名电力工人暴雨期间触电后摔死。该州至少有五个城镇被淹，新城自治区（）发生山崩，导致十个乡村社区的35幢民居受损。10月23至24日，墨西哥40号联邦公路位于杜兰戈至马萨特兰间部分路段封闭，全州各地学校停课至10月25日。萊爾多的经济损失约为1.4亿墨西哥比索（合714万美元）。面对不断上涨的水位，圣埃琳娜（）大坝周边地区共有两百人撤离。
威拉和附近的热带风暴维森特在伊達爾戈州降下暴雨，共引发十起山体滑坡。瓦斯特克（）和塞拉（）的公路被石块和树枝堵塞。萨夸尔蒂潘（）有两人因遭遇山体滑坡入院治疗，卡尔纳里（）的山崩掩埋房屋，七人被迫转移。韦韦特拉（）和特南戈山谷（）的道路也因山体滑坡无法通行。其他受山崩影响的公路包括：特兰奇诺（）至韦亚帕（）州级公路位于特佩瓦坎德格雷罗（）境内路段，帕丘卡至韦胡特拉（）公路位于小米内拉尔（）境内路段，以及墨西哥城至坦皮科的联邦公路。

### 美国
10月24日，飓风威拉的残留在德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州产生暴雨和雷暴。当地土壤含水已因过去一个月间降水过多饱和，德克萨斯州东南部的加尔维斯顿县接获山洪警报。加尔维斯顿斯科尔斯国际机场（）降水达到120毫米，打破1883年创下的该市日降雨量纪录。雨水引发山洪，流入沼泽、河道，将街道和部分汽车淹没。洪水还进入德克萨斯州农工大学加尔维斯顿分校的宿舍。

## 善后
墨西哥当局派出包括军人、水手、医生和护士在内的4.5万人协助救灾。科利马州、杜兰戈州、哈利斯科州、锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州启动旨在协调搜救工作和救灾援助的DN-III-E计划（）。锡那罗亚州库利亚坎（）、罗萨里奥（）、埃斯奎纳帕、拉克鲁兹伊洛塔（）和马萨特兰自治区约布署1.1万名军人，协助将平民送到四个避难所，该州约1820人分得1400份口粮。军人在蒂卡潘医院修理受损的窗户，并将路上倒塌的树木挪走。杜兰戈州约部署590名军人。262名军人在科利马州监测马拉巴斯科河水位。米却肯州官员动员五百名军人协助灾民。哈利斯科州梅拉克、巴亚尔塔港和托马特兰（）共有154人在108名军人帮助下转移。墨西哥城政府在该市普希金花园（）设立食品、清洁用品和卫生用品收集中心。计划在纳亚里特州图斯潘建立社区厨房，墨西哥陆军在此分配三千份饭菜。墨西哥国家整体家庭发展系统共向飓风影响地区提供1600公吨援助物资，其中包括储藏的食品、镀锌金属板和瓶装水。
锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州启动海洋计划，共计调遣1800名军人、163辆运输工具、八架飞机、15支地面部队、六艘舰船和三套移动厨房。墨西哥红十字会向两州提供4.4万公吨物资，其中运至纳亚里特州储藏室的有1.8万公吨，包括一千套卫生用品，另外2.6万公吨运至锡那罗亚州储藏室。此外，锡那罗亚州、纳亚里特州、哈利斯科州和瓜納華托州均开设收集中心。埃斯奎纳帕的罗萨里奥和克里斯托雷（）共有约178人疏散。军人利用移动厨房在纳亚里特州特夸拉（）分发约五百份食物。图斯潘自治区政府向灾民提供1270公吨食品、水、衣物、药品及其他物资。纳亚里特州官员向该州北部受灾最严重的地区派出76辆汽车运载医疗物资。哈利斯科州民防和消防机构利用水运工具向图斯潘自治区运送物资并评估纳亚里特州所受破坏。政府官员下令本是收费公路的墨西哥15号联邦公路免费通行一周，并为因飓风流离失所的灾民提供110万墨西哥比索（合5.7万美元）损款。墨西哥总检察长办公室向锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州提供11公吨粮食和半吨药品，并派出四名医生。救助儿童会（）向纳亚里特州儿童提供八百套卫生用品，还开设17家餐饮设施，为近三千儿童提供饮食，但位于博斯克岛（）、埃斯奎纳帕和蒂卡潘（）的设施因供电不足关闭。
据墨西哥石油公司提供的消息，风暴过后瓜納華托州汽油短缺，估计主要原因是基础设施受损及偷油行为增多。部分港口无法卸油，偷油行为还导致部分运油管道关闭，其中图拉至萨拉曼卡段管道因偷油贼破坏而需封闭维修。
锡那罗亚州州长基里诺·奥尔达斯·科珀尔（）宣布七个自治区进入紧急状态。11月5日，锡那罗亚多拉多斯队教练迭戈·马拉多纳主持慈善晚宴，为威拉和第19E号热带低气压的灾民提供财政援助。
墨西哥国家民防协调会将纳亚里特州阿卡波内塔、华吉科里、德尔纳亚尔（、特夸拉、罗萨莫拉达（）、鲁伊斯（）、圣地亚哥伊克斯昆特拉（）和图斯潘列为灾区。另据报导，锡那罗亚州埃斯奎纳帕自治区两千余户家庭在飓风过去半年后仍然在塑料棚中生活。此外，市长埃米特·索托·格雷夫（）称，上届政府汇报灾情时存在多处违规。10月23至28日，市政府统计的受损房屋数量仅144套，但实际受风暴影响的超过两千。墨西哥总统洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔派联邦官员前往调查，发现公路、教育设施和旅游景点的破坏情况报告存在更多不尽不实之处。气旋消散后的一个月里，墨西哥国家水资源委员会称巴鲁阿特河（）的铬、汞和镍含量大幅上升。威拉产生的强烈阵风令各地芒果园损失惨重，产量大跌五成至七五成，相当于损失七万公吨芒果或1.33万公顷果园绝收，导致至少1200户农民需要贷款。马萨特兰市长向埃斯奎纳帕提供两台起重机和三辆倾卸卡车，并派遣60名工人前往。风暴过去数月后，罗萨里奥部分社区依然面临饮用水短缺。
受圣佩德罗河与阿卡波內塔河沿线洪灾影响，风暴过后第一周至少有18万人缺乏食品且无法同外界联络。部分居民家中满是河泥，只能完全自力清理。纳亚里特州灾民在飓风过后一个半月里都只得到救灾援助组织的帮助，感觉仿佛“被政府抛弃”。图斯潘的学校设施受损，所以长期停课。阿卡波内塔小镇桑多瓦莱斯（）毁于一旦，大量居民无家可归。灾难过后几周里，纳亚里特州政府宣布政府已经破产，无法为重建提供资金。2019年，墨西哥政府宣布为纳亚里特州受灾自治区重建提供2.5亿墨西哥比索（合1040万美元），计划从二月开始重建。联邦救济基金共向图斯潘、罗萨莫拉达、特夸拉、阿卡波内塔和华吉科里拨款2319万墨西哥比索（合96.1万美元），当地533户居民各获得三万墨西哥比索（合1250美元）用于修复房屋。两名联邦官员向另外30户住房完全被毁的居民各提供12万墨西哥比索（合五千美元）。墨西哥政府还为公路、桥梁、学校和医院等公共基础设施重建拨款20亿墨西哥比索（合8360万美元）。估计纳亚里特州公共基础设施的修复成本约为22亿墨西哥比索（合9200万美元），清理该州交通要道淤泥的开支估计就要3900万墨西哥比索（合160万美元）。墨西哥国家级百货公司科珀尔（）从墨西哥政府获得6600万墨西哥比索（合280万美元），用于向4400户家庭各提供价值1.5万墨西哥比索（合625美元）的家具和家电优惠卷。由于丰登资源不足，锡那罗亚州灾民只能自掏腰包重建家园。该州向灾民提供价值两百万墨西哥比索（合10.1万美元）但已经腐烂的床单，同时允许灾民获取储藏室内的物资，目的是换取小企业主价值1800至一万墨西哥比索（合90至500美元）的赞助信。锡那罗亚州官员声称，丰登可能需要三年才能凑足修复工程所需资金。丰登已授权为飓风威拉的灾后重建提供总额8470万墨西哥比索（合430万美元）资金，但这笔钱一直不知所踪，风暴过去几个月后，修复工作仍未开始。洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔总统到包括马萨特兰市在内的锡那罗亚州多地视察后，丰登又为埃斯奎纳帕和罗萨里奥提供5.1亿墨西哥比索（合2390万美元）用于救灾。

title: 飓风威拉

wikitext:
{{noteTA
|G1=USState
|1 = zh-cn:协调世界时; zh-tw:世界協調時間; zh-mo:世界協調時; zh-hk:協調世界時;
}}
{{Infobox Hurricane
| Name=飓风威拉
| Year=2018
| Basin=EPac
| Type=飓风
| Image location=Willa 2018-10-22 0850Z.jpg
| Image name=10月22日清晨，[[哈利斯科州]]西侧正处最高强度的飓风威拉
| Formed=2018年10月20日
| Dissipated=2018年10月24日
| 1-min winds=140
| Pressure=925
| Damages=825
| Fatalities=共九人
| Areas=[[中美洲]]、[[墨西哥]]、[[德克萨斯州]]
| Hurricane season=[[2018年太平洋飓风季]]
}}
'''飓风威拉'''（{{lang-en|Hurricane Willa}}）是2018年10月下旬在墨西哥西南部产生狂风暴雨并造成重大破坏的强劲[[热带气旋]]，其中[[锡那罗亚州]]和[[纳亚里特州]]灾情特别严重。威拉是[[2018年太平洋颶風季]]形成的第25个热带气旋，第22个获命名的风暴，第13场飓风，第十场大型飓风，和追平历史最高纪录的第三场[[五级太平洋飓风列表|五级飓风]]，还是[[2006年太平洋颶風季|2006年]][[2006年飓风莱恩|飓风莱恩]]过后首场[[登陸 (氣象學)|登陆]]锡那罗亚州的大型飓风。

威拉源自10月初离开非洲的[[东风波]]，14日抵达[[加勒比海]]西南部后，[[國家颶風中心|美国国家飓风中心]]认为系统有组织成热带气旋的潜力并开始监控，但东风波实际上没有显著发展便穿越[[中美洲]]进入东太平洋。气象机构继续追踪，系统于10月20日在[[墨西哥]]西南近海组织成热带低气压，而且当天就升级成热带风暴威拉并开始[[快速增强]]，次日达到[[最大持续风速]]每小时260公里的最高强度，已属五级飓风。受[[眼牆置換循環]]和风切变增多的共同影响，气旋逐渐减弱，于10月24日清晨以三级飓风强度登陆墨西哥錫那羅亞州，此后迅速弱化，当天便在墨西哥东北部上空逐渐消散。

面对飓风威胁，墨西哥西部地区接获[[热带气旋警告|热带风暴或飓风观察预警和警告]]。气旋共夺走九条人命，经济损失达162亿[[墨西哥比索]]（相当于同年的8.25亿[[美元]]）{{#tag:ref|如无特别说明，所有金额均为2018年币值<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis | title = Mexico / U.S. Foreign Exchange Rate | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | url = https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXMXUS | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200827010253/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXMXUS | archive-date = 2020-08-27 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXMXUS |date=20200827010253 }}</ref>。|group="注"}}，其中大部分发生在飓风沿途地区。威拉共导致四个州近十万居民家中断电，[[埃斯奎纳帕德伊达尔戈|埃斯奎纳帕]]的学校、医院和基础设施遭受重大破坏，损失总额估计达60亿墨西哥比索（合3.06亿美元）。河流泛滥成灾导致建筑受损，锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州大片地区没有饮用水。周边多个州发生洪灾和山体滑坡，造成破坏和人员受伤。威拉的残留后来进入美国，在[[德克萨斯州]]引发山洪。飓风过后，大批灾民直到数月后才获得[[墨西哥联邦政府]]的直接援助。该国居民主要依靠救灾组织帮助搜寻个人财物，修复受损房屋。锡那罗亚州政府向灾民提供的床垫已经腐烂，联邦政府用于救灾的拨款下落不明，部分地区直到风暴过去数月后才开始重建。

== 气象历史 ==
{{storm path|Willa 2018 track.png}}
飓风威拉源自2018年10月2日离开[[非洲]]西海岸的[[东风波]]，此后几天向西穿越大西洋，其间[[对流]]（即[[雷暴]]）偶有爆发，但在强烈的[[风切变]]干扰下无法朝中心聚集<ref name="TCR">{{cite report | first = Michael | last = Brennan | publisher = [[國家颶風中心|National Hurricane Center]] | date = 2019-04-02 | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | title = Hurricane Willa | series = Tropical Cyclone Report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP242018_Willa.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911051430/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP242018_Willa.pdf | deadurl = no | archivedate = 2020-09-11 | format = PDF }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP242018_Willa.pdf |date=20190410230420 }}</ref>。10月14日，[[國家颶風中心|美国国家飓风中心]]开始监控位于[[加勒比海]]西南部的东风波，认为系统有发展成热带天气系统的潜力<ref>{{cite report | first = Stacy | last = Stewart | title = Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 200 PM EDT, Sun Oct 14 2018 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810141734&basin=atl&fdays=5 | publisher = National Hurricane Center | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | date = 2018-10-14 | archive-date = 2020-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200924080054/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810141734&basin=atl&fdays=5 | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810141734&basin=atl&fdays=5 |date=20200924080054 }}</ref>。次日，行进至[[尤卡坦半岛]]东南方向的系统结构已有改善，而且陆地附近的外界条件也有利于进一步发展，[[美国空军预备役司令部]][[第53气象侦察中队]]为此制订[[洛克希德WC-130侦察机]]飞入系统调查的计划<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810151736&basin=atlc&fdays=2 | title = Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 2:00 pm EDT, Mon Oct 15 2018 | first = Eric | last = Blake | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-15 | access-date = 2020-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111553/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810151736&basin=atlc&fdays=2 | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810151736&basin=atlc&fdays=2 |date=20181021111553 }}</ref>。但是，东风波于10月16日[[登陆 (气象学)|登陆]][[伯利兹]]，故而无法继续组织<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810161121&basin=atlc&fdays=2 | title = Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 8:00 am EDT, Tue Oct 16 2018 | first = Stacy | last = Stewart | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-16 | access-date = 2020-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111541/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810161121&basin=atlc&fdays=2 | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810161121&basin=atlc&fdays=2 |date=20181021111541 }}</ref>。

10月17日清晨，东风波进入东太平洋<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810171031&basin=epac&fdays=2 | title = Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 11:00 pm PDT, Tue Oct 16 2018 | first = David | last = Zelinsky | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-17 | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111552/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810171031&basin=epac&fdays=2 | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810171031&basin=epac&fdays=2 |date=20181021111552 }}</ref>，次日仍未凝聚成热带气旋，结构渐趋混乱，形状显著拉长<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810181740&basin=epac&fdays=2 | title = Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 11:00 am PDT, Thur Oct 18 2018 | first = Robbie | last = Berg | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-18 | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111547/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810181740&basin=epac&fdays=2 | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810181740&basin=epac&fdays=2 |date=20181021111547 }}</ref>。10月19日清晨，东风波所在位置东侧形成新[[低壓槽]]<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810182355&basin=epac&fdays=2 | title = Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 5:00 pm PDT, Thu Oct 18 2018 | first = David | last = Zelinsky | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-28 | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091616/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810182355&basin=epac&fdays=2 | archivedate = 2019-03-27 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201810182355&basin=epac&fdays=2 |date=20181020011603 }}</ref>，并于当天组织成[[2018年热带风暴维森特|热带风暴维森特]]<ref>{{Cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep23/ep232018.discus.002.shtml? | title = Tropical Storm Vicente Discussion Number 2 | first = Robbie | last = Berg | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-19 | access-date = 2020-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190506165550/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep23/ep232018.discus.002.shtml | archivedate = 2019-05-06 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep23/ep232018.discus.002.shtml |date=20181020094947 }}</ref>。原本的东风波继续向西并逐渐组织，于[[协调世界时]]10月20日午夜0点在[[曼萨尼约]]以南约425公里海域发展成热带低气压<ref name="TCR" />。气旋中心以南开始形成[[雨带|带状特征]]，中心以东的云顶温度低至零下85至91摄氏度<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.001.shtml? | title = Tropical Depression Twenty-Four-E Discussion Number 1 | first = Stacy | last = Stewart | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-20 | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archive-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923170416/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.001.shtml | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.001.shtml |date=20200923170416 }}</ref>。接下来系统发展出紧密的内核<ref>{{cite report | first = Robbie | last = Berg | title = Tropical Storm Willa Discussion Number   2 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.002.shtml? | publisher = National Hurricane Center | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | date = 2018-10-20 | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | deadurl = yes | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111555/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.002.shtml }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.002.shtml |date=20181021111555 }}</ref>，美国国家飓风中心于{{lang|en|[[协调世界时|UTC]]}}中午12点左右将曼萨尼约西南偏南方向约465公里洋面的热带低气压升级成热带风暴，并以“威拉”（{{lang|en|Willa}}）命名<ref name="TCR" />。

不久，风暴开始[[快速增强]]，下层中心嵌入环流中心周围的[[中心密集雲團區]]下方，还开始沿中层[[高壓脊]]的西侧边缘转朝西北方向前进<ref name="d3">{{cite report | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.003.shtml? | title = Tropical Storm Willa Discussion Number 3 | first = Robbie | last = Berg | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111603/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.003.shtml | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.003.shtml |date=20181021111603 }}</ref>。气旋四周及上空的条件有利于发展，风切变很少，空气湿度高，[[海面温度]]达到29摄氏度<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.004.shtml? | title = Tropical Storm Willa Discussion Number 4 | first = John | last = Cangialosi | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-21 | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archivedate = 2019-02-28 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190228191909/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.004.shtml }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.004.shtml |date=20190228191909 }}</ref>，促使威拉于{{lang|en|UTC}}10月21日早上六点升级成飓风<ref name="TCR" />。系统周围的[[外流 (气象学)|外流]]格局良好，对流中心形成小[[風眼]]<ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.005.shtml? | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number 5 | first = Stacy | last = Stewart | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-21 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021151350/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.005.shtml | archivedate = 2018-10-21 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.005.shtml |date=20181021151350 }}</ref>。{{lang|en|UTC}}下午18点，气旋已达[[萨菲尔-辛普森飓风风力等级|三级飓风]]标准，[[红外线]]图像和[[卫星影像|卫星]]图像上的风眼都已非常清晰，成为[[2018年太平洋颶風季]]第十场大型飓风<ref name="TCR" /><ref name="Disc 8">{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.008.shtml? | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number 8 | first = John | last = Cangialosi | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-21 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923170416/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.008.shtml | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.008.shtml |date=20181021151350 }}</ref>。风暴继续快速增强，于{{lang|en|UTC}}10月22日早上六点左右在墨西哥[[哈利斯科州]][[科连特斯角]]（{{lang|en|Cabo Corrientes}}）西南偏南方向约315公里水域达到[[最大持续风速]]每小时260公里，最低气压925[[巴|毫巴]]（[[帕斯卡|百帕]]，27.3[[英寸汞柱]]）的最高强度，已属五级飓风，这也表明威拉的风力时速在48小时内共提升205公里<ref name="TCR" />{{#tag:ref|[[国家飓风中心|美国国家飓风中心]]当时认为威拉的风力时速经过48小时共提升195公里，此时尚未达到最高强度，只是接近五级标准<ref>{{cite report | first = Stacy | last = Stewart | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number   9 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-22 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.009.shtml? | publisher = National Hurricane Center | archive-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923170417/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.009.shtml | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.009.shtml |date=20200923170417 }}</ref>，但经之后重新分析调整风暴达到最高强度的时间，得到上述结果<ref name="TCR" />。|group="注"|name="Willa Intensification Rate"}}。此后几天气旋蜿蜒逼近墨西哥，沿高压脊边缘转向北上，后又因中到上层低压槽逼近转朝东北方向移动<ref name="Disc 8" /><ref name="Disc 16">{{cite report | first = Lixion | last = Avilia | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number  16 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.016.shtml? | publisher = National Hurricane Center | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923170429/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.016.shtml | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.016.shtml |date=20200923170429 }}</ref>。

威拉达到最高强度后不久，微波卫星图像发现外层风眼墙，表明飓风进入[[眼牆置換循環]]<ref name="d10">{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.010.shtml? | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number 10 | first = Daniel | last = Brown | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-22 | access-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232646/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.010.shtml | archivedate = 2018-10-22 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.010.shtml |date=20181022232646 }}</ref><ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.public.010.shtml? | title = Hurricane Willa Public Advisory Number 10 | first = Daniel | last = Brown | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-22 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160439/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.public.010.shtml | archivedate = 2018-10-23 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.public.010.shtml |date=20181023160439 }}</ref>。在此期间，气旋还同东南方向的小型热带风暴维森特相互影响<ref name="Vicente discussion 14">{{cite report | last = Pasch | first = Richard | title = Tropical Storm Vicente Discussion Number  14 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep23/ep232018.discus.014.shtml? | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-23 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190506165556/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep23/ep232018.discus.014.shtml | archivedate = 2019-05-06 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep23/ep232018.discus.014.shtml |date=20190506165556 }}</ref>。虽然外界环境有利，但眼牆置換循環仍令威拉减弱，风眼被云层遮挡<ref name="TCR" /><ref>{{cite report | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.011.shtml? | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number 11 | first = Daniel | last = Brown | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2018-10-22 | access-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801094448/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.011.shtml | archivedate = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.011.shtml |date=20181023080243 }}</ref>。随着西南向风切变开始增长，风暴强度在{{lang|en|UTC}}10月23日早上六点左右回落到三级飓风范围<ref>{{Cite report | archivedate = 2018-10-23 | deadurl = yes | date = 2018-10-23 | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.014.shtml? | title = Hurricane Willa Discussion Number 14 | first = Daniel | last = Brown | publisher = National Hurricane Center | access-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181023234258/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.014.shtml }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.014.shtml |date=20181023234258 }}</ref>。眼牆置換循環结束后，飓风停止减弱，风眼于{{lang|en|UTC}}下午17点45分经过圣胡安尼托岛和[[瑪麗亞群島]]上空<ref name="TCR" />。{{lang|en|UTC}}10月24日凌晨1点20分，系统以三级飓风强度从[[錫那羅亞州]]棕榈佛得角（{{lang|es|Palmito del Verde}}）附近[[登陸 (氣象學)|登陆]]，此时的一分钟持续风速为每小时185公里，中心最低气压968毫巴（百帕，28.6英寸汞柱）<ref name="TCR" />。威拉至此成为2015年[[颶風派翠莎]]过后首场袭击墨西哥的太平洋大型飓风，也是[[2006年飓风莱恩]]过后第一场吹袭锡那罗亚州的大型飓风<Ref>
{{cite web | author = Jeff Masters | title = A Hyperactive 2018 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Ends | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200212145416/https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Hyperactive-2018-Eastern-Pacific-Hurricane-Season-Ends | archivedate = 2020-02-12 | deadurl = no | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-11-28 | url = https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Hyperactive-2018-Eastern-Pacific-Hurricane-Season-Ends | publisher = Weather Underground }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Hyperactive-2018-Eastern-Pacific-Hurricane-Season-Ends |date=20240116050526 }}
</ref>。风暴朝内陆进发，风眼很快就从卫星图像上消失<ref name="Disc 16" />。受西南向风切变和墨西哥山区地形共同影响，威拉迅速减弱，{{lang|en|UTC}}早上六点已消退成热带风暴<ref name="TCR" />，并且六小时后便在墨西哥东北部上空消散，中到上层环流与下层环流分离<ref>{{cite report | first = Stacy | last = Stewart | title = Tropical Depression Willa Discussion Number  17 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | publisher = National Hurricane Center | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.017.shtml? | archive-date = 2020-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200924080055/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.017.shtml | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/ep24/ep242018.discus.017.shtml |date=20200924080055 }}</ref>。气旋残留继续向东北方向移动，在美国多个州产生降水<ref name="TCR" />，残留低气压蕴藏的能量还促使美国东部形成[[东北风暴]]<ref>{{cite news | title = A Look at the Excessive Rainfall from Hurricane Willa in Mexico and Texas | url = https://www.weathernationtv.com/news/a-look-at-the-excessive-rainfall-from-hurricane-willa-in-mexico-and-texas/ | work = WeatherNation | first = Mace | last = Michaels | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191111205316/https://www.weathernationtv.com/news/a-look-at-the-excessive-rainfall-from-hurricane-willa-in-mexico-and-texas/ | archive-date = 2019-11-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.weathernationtv.com/news/a-look-at-the-excessive-rainfall-from-hurricane-willa-in-mexico-and-texas/ |date=20191111205316 }}</ref>。

== 防灾措施 ==
[[File:Willa 2018-10-23 1950Z.jpg|thumb|10月23日即将登陆[[錫那羅亞州]]的飓风威拉]]

{{lang|en|UTC}}10月21日下午15点，[[墨西哥联邦政府|墨西哥政府]]向[[納亞里特州]][[圣布拉斯 (纳亚里特州)|圣布拉斯]]（{{lang|en|San Blas}}）至[[馬薩特蘭]]的该国西岸地区发布[[熱帶氣旋警告|飓风观察预警]]，同时向圣布拉斯至普拉亚普鲁拉（{{lang|en|Playa Perula}}）之间发布热带风暴观察预警。六小时后，马萨特兰至坦培瓦亚湾间（{{lang|en|Bahia Tempehuaya}}）地区也收到热带风暴观察预警。{{lang|en|UTC}}10月22日凌晨三点，飓风观察预警和热带风暴观察预警升级成飓风警告或热带风暴警告。威拉在[[杜蘭戈州]]上空减弱成热带风暴后，所有警告均于{{lang|en|UTC}}10月24日早上六点中止。<ref name="TCR" />

威拉逼近墨西哥太平洋沿海地区期间，该国还接获其他多种天气预警。风暴直接威胁的[[锡那罗亚州]]和[[纳亚里特州]]地区收到代表最高危险等级的红色警报<ref name="Economic">{{cite news | first = Blanca Estela | last = Regalado López | title = Alerta roja en Sinaloa, inminente impacto del Huracán Willa | url = https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/willa-huracan-mazatlan-alerta-roja-sinaloa-nayarit-20181023-0067.html | work = Debate | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021838/https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/willa-huracan-mazatlan-alerta-roja-sinaloa-nayarit-20181023-0067.html | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/willa-huracan-mazatlan-alerta-roja-sinaloa-nayarit-20181023-0067.html |date=20190801021838 }}</ref><ref name="Evac Number">{{cite news | title = Nayarit en alerta roja por huracán ‘Willa’ | url = https://www.diariodemexico.com/nayarit-en-alerta-roja-por-huracan-willa | work = Diario de México | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911041507/https://www.diariodemexico.com/nayarit-en-alerta-roja-por-huracan-willa | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.diariodemexico.com/nayarit-en-alerta-roja-por-huracan-willa |date=20190801021847 }}</ref>。锡那罗亚州中部和哈利斯科州[[巴亚尔塔港]]接到代表高危险等级的橙色警报<ref>{{cite news | title = Alerta naranja en Puerto Vallarta, por los efectos de Willa | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200518152602/https://noticieros.televisa.com/videos/alerta-naranja-en-puerto-vallarta-por-los-efectos-de-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | deadurl = no | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/videos/alerta-naranja-en-puerto-vallarta-por-los-efectos-de-willa/ | archivedate = 2020-05-18 }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/videos/alerta-naranja-en-puerto-vallarta-por-los-efectos-de-willa/ |date=20200518152602 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Alerta Naranja En Sinaloa Por Huracán Willa | url = https://www.tvazteca.com/aztecanoticias/alerta-naranja-en-sinaloa-por-huracan-willa/3301761 | work = TV Azteca | accessdate = 2019-08-01 | archivedate = 2019-08-01 | date = 2018-10-23 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021848/https://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/alerta-naranja-en-sinaloa-por-huracan-willa/3301761 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.tvazteca.com/aztecanoticias/alerta-naranja-en-sinaloa-por-huracan-willa/3301761 |date=20190801021848 }}</ref>。[[奇瓦瓦州]]大部分地区进入黄色警戒状态，表明中等程度危险，危胁主要是暴雨<ref>{{cite news | title = Chihuahua activa alerta amarilla por lluvias de "Willa" | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/chihuahua-activa-alerta-amarilla-lluvias-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-date = 2020-05-29 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200529140622/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/chihuahua-activa-alerta-amarilla-lluvias-willa/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/chihuahua-activa-alerta-amarilla-lluvias-willa/ |date=20190811032444 }}</ref>。[[南下加利福尼亞州]]因海岸沿岸的海浪威胁收到绿色预警，代表最低等级危险。墨西哥海军部长[[维达尔弗朗西斯科·索伯伦·桑斯]]（{{lang|es|Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz}}）海军上将在索诺拉州、锡那罗亚州、纳亚里特州、哈利斯科州、科利马州和米却肯州启动致力军事防灾救灾的海洋计划预防措施<ref>{{cite news | title = En 6 estados, Marina activa fase de prevención por 'Willa' | url = https://www.milenio.com/estados/6-marina-activa-fase-prevencion-willa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Milenio | date = 2018-10-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174544/https://www.milenio.com/estados/6-marina-activa-fase-prevencion-willa | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/6-marina-activa-fase-prevencion-willa |date=20190731174544 }}</ref>。[[科蒙都|科蒙都港]]、[[拉巴斯 (南下加利福尼亚州)|拉巴斯港]]、[[洛斯卡沃斯|洛斯卡沃斯港]]及其他位于[[加利福尼亚湾]]和科尔特斯海的港口禁止小型船只出海<ref>{{cite web | title = Alerta Verde en BCS por Willa; habrá estas restricciones | url = https://www.unotv.com/noticias/estados/baja-california-sur/detalle/alerta-verde-en-bcs-por-willa-habra-estas-restricciones-123376/ | work = Uno TV | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021840/https://www.unotv.com/noticias/estados/baja-california-sur/detalle/alerta-verde-en-bcs-por-willa-habra-estas-restricciones-123376/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.unotv.com/noticias/estados/baja-california-sur/detalle/alerta-verde-en-bcs-por-willa-habra-estas-restricciones-123376/ |date=20190801021840 }}</ref>。锡那罗亚州[[康科迪亚自治区|康科迪亚]]（{{lang|es|Concordia}}）、[[科萨拉自治区|科萨拉]]（{{lang|es|Cosalá}}）、[[伊洛塔]]（{{lang|es|Elota}}）、[[埃斯奎纳帕自治区|埃斯奎纳帕]]、[[马萨特兰自治区|马萨特兰]]（{{lang|es|Mazatlán}}）、[[罗萨里奥自治区|罗萨里奥]]（{{lang|es|Rosario}}）和[[圣伊格纳西奥自治区]]（{{lang|en|San Ignacio}}）停课<ref>{{cite news | title = Se suspenden clases por huracán “Willa” en Sinaloa | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/videos/se-suspenden-clases-por-huracan-willa-en-sinaloa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-21 | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801055125/https://noticieros.televisa.com/videos/se-suspenden-clases-por-huracan-willa-en-sinaloa/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/videos/se-suspenden-clases-por-huracan-willa-en-sinaloa/ |date=20190801055125 }}</ref>。哈利斯科州北岸和南岸约有1265所学校关闭<ref name="Jalisco class">{{cite news | title = Huracán Willa: Al menos 2.500 personas son llevadas a refugios en Jalisco | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | url = https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/mexico/huracan-willa-2-500-personas-reubicadas-jalisco-mexico-noticia-nndc-570584-noticia/?ref=ecr | work = El Comercio | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-date = 2020-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200924080116/https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/mexico/huracan-willa-2-500-personas-reubicadas-jalisco-mexico-noticia-nndc-570584-noticia/?ref=ecr | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/mexico/huracan-willa-2-500-personas-reubicadas-jalisco-mexico-noticia-nndc-570584-noticia/?ref=ecr |date=20200924080116 }}</ref><ref name="Jalisco Class II">{{cite news | title = Desalojan comunidades y vigilan carreteras de Jalisco por huracán ‘Willa’ | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/desalojan-comunidades-vigilan-carreteras-jalisco-huracan-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190821033109/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/desalojan-comunidades-vigilan-carreteras-jalisco-huracan-willa/ | archive-date = 2019-08-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/desalojan-comunidades-vigilan-carreteras-jalisco-huracan-willa/ |date=20190821033109 }}</ref>。

锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州约有20万人离开家园<ref name="Evac Number" />，其中约四万人<ref>{{cite news | first = Eél María | last = Angulo | title = México: el huracán Willa toca tierra en Sinaloa | url = https://www.france24.com/es/20181024-mexico-huracan-willa-evacuacion-inundaciones | work = France 24 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421202153/https://www.france24.com/es/20181024-mexico-huracan-willa-evacuacion-inundaciones }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.france24.com/es/20181024-mexico-huracan-willa-evacuacion-inundaciones |date=20190421202153 }}</ref>经墨西哥陆军、海军及应急人员协助安置在2900多个避难所。风暴沿途商铺和企业关闭，[[马萨特兰国际机场]]及附近酒店风暴期间暂停开放。<ref name="evac">{{cite news | first = Karina | last = Suárez | title = Willa deja 13.000 evacuados y severos daños materiales a su paso por México | date = 2018-10-25 | newspaper = El País | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no | url = https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/10/23/actualidad/1540304377_617181.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421185756/https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/10/23/actualidad/1540304377_617181.html }} {{Wayback|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/10/23/actualidad/1540304377_617181.html |date=20181023173120 }}</ref>。面对洪灾威胁，马萨特兰自治区30个社区疏散<ref>{{cite news | title = Estas son las colonias que serán evacuadas en Mazatlán | url = https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/huracan-willa-colonias-evacuadas-mazatlan-20181022-0133.html | website = Debate | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-22 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174619/https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/huracan-willa-colonias-evacuadas-mazatlan-20181022-0133.html }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/huracan-willa-colonias-evacuadas-mazatlan-20181022-0133.html |date=20190731174619 }}</ref>。应急部门将沿海城市超过4250人强制疏散，并在风暴来袭前建立58个避难所<ref>{{cite web | first = Alba | last = Moraleda | title = Willa se disipa en el noroeste de México tras tocar tierra anoche en Sinaloa con categoría 3 | website = Telemundo | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | url = https://www.telemundo.com/noticias/noticias-telemundo/willa-se-disipa-en-el-noroeste-de-mexico-tras-tocar-tierra-anoche-en-sinaloa-con-categoria-tmna2992214 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421201157/https://www.telemundo.com/noticias/2018/10/23/willa-se-disipa-en-el-noroeste-de-mexico-tras-tocar-tierra-anoche-en-sinaloa-con | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.telemundo.com/noticias/noticias-telemundo/willa-se-disipa-en-el-noroeste-de-mexico-tras-tocar-tierra-anoche-en-sinaloa-con-categoria-tmna2992214 |date=20190421201157 }}</ref>。哈利斯科州设立23个避难所，约2500人提前转移<ref>{{cite news | title = Huracán ‘Willa’ se degrada a tormenta tropical | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/huracan-willa-se-degrada-tormenta-tropical/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Noticieros Televisa | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191102191235/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/huracan-willa-se-degrada-tormenta-tropical/ | archive-date = 2019-11-02 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/huracan-willa-se-degrada-tormenta-tropical/ |date=20191102191235 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Luna | first = Adriana | title = Instalan 23 refugios temporales en costa de Jalisco por ‘Willa’ | url = https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/instalan-23-refugios-temporales-en-costa-de-jalisco-por-willa/1273390 | work = Excelsior | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021841/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/instalan-23-refugios-temporales-en-costa-de-jalisco-por-willa/1273390 | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/instalan-23-refugios-temporales-en-costa-de-jalisco-por-willa/1273390 |date=20190801021841 }}</ref>。飓风促使[[埃斯奎纳帕德伊达尔戈|埃斯奎纳帕]]至少六千人撤离<ref>{{cite news | title = Desalojan a 6 mil habitantes de Escuinapa, Sinaloa, por ‘Willa’ | archive-date = 2019-08-02 | deadurl = no | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-sinaloa-hoy-23-octubre-2018-desalojan-6-mil-habitantes-escuinapa-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190802093920/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-sinaloa-hoy-23-octubre-2018-desalojan-6-mil-habitantes-escuinapa-willa/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-sinaloa-hoy-23-octubre-2018-desalojan-6-mil-habitantes-escuinapa-willa/ |date=20190802093920 }}</ref>。墨西哥自然灾害救济机构“丰登”（{{lang|en|Fonden}}）提前向风暴登陆点附近及预计路线沿途居民分配90[[公噸]]食品<ref name="90 tons">{{cite news | last = Sánchez | first = Irene | title = Declaran zona de desastre a Escuinapa y Rosario, en Sinaloa | url = https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2018/11/01/declaran-zona-de-desastre-a-escuinapa-y-rosario-en-sinaloa-2946.html | work = La Jornada | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174546/https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2018/11/01/declaran-zona-de-desastre-a-escuinapa-y-rosario-en-sinaloa-2946.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2018/11/01/declaran-zona-de-desastre-a-escuinapa-y-rosario-en-sinaloa-2946.html |date=20190731174546 }}</ref>。飓风登陆前数小时，墨西哥海军在[[南下加利福尼亚州]][[拉巴斯 (南下加利福尼亚州)|拉巴斯]]设立粮食和其他物资收集中心<ref>{{cite news | title = 2da Zona Naval instala centro de Acopio en apoyo a damnificados de Sinaloa por "Willa" | url = https://www.diarioelindependiente.mx/2018/10/2da-zona-naval-instala-centro-de-acopio-en-apoyo-a-damnificados-de-sinaloa-por-willa | work = Diario El Independiente | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174545/https://www.diarioelindependiente.mx/2018/10/2da-zona-naval-instala-centro-de-acopio-en-apoyo-a-damnificados-de-sinaloa-por-willa | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.diarioelindependiente.mx/2018/10/2da-zona-naval-instala-centro-de-acopio-en-apoyo-a-damnificados-de-sinaloa-por-willa |date=20190731174545 }}</ref>。

面对飓风威拉和热带风暴维森特的双重威胁，[[诺唯真极乐号]]（''{{lang|en|Norwegian Bliss}}''）游轮于10月23日改道[[加利福尼亚州]][[聖地牙哥 (加利福尼亞州)|聖地牙哥]]<ref>{{cite news | last = Saunders | first = Mark | title = Tropical storms force Norwegian Bliss cruise ship to divert to San Diego | url = https://www.10news.com/news/tropical-storms-force-norwegian-bliss-cruise-ship-to-divert-to-san-diego | publisher = KGTV San Diego | accessdate = 2020-09-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421204322/https://www.10news.com/news/tropical-storms-force-norwegian-bliss-cruise-ship-to-divert-to-san-diego | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.10news.com/news/tropical-storms-force-norwegian-bliss-cruise-ship-to-divert-to-san-diego |date=20181025033029 }}</ref>。不过，墨西哥国有的[[墨西哥石油公司]]宣布会在哈利斯科州、锡那罗亚州、纳亚里特州、索诺拉州和科利马州维持正常运营<ref>{{cite news | title = Pemex anuncia medidas de prevención por huracán Willa | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174555/https://www.contrareplica.mx/nota-pemex-anuncia-medidas-de-prevencion-por-huracan-willa2018221018 | website = Contra Replica | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-22 | url = https://www.contrareplica.mx/nota-pemex-anuncia-medidas-de-prevencion-por-huracan-willa2018221018 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.contrareplica.mx/nota-pemex-anuncia-medidas-de-prevencion-por-huracan-willa2018221018 |date=20190731174555 }}</ref>。为防万一，锡那罗亚州暂停所有公共交通和生产经营活动<ref name="Economic" />。纳亚里特州的公路和企业关闭，政府官员呼吁居民留在家里<ref name="Evac Number" />。为防抽水设备风暴期间损坏，纳亚里特州[[特皮克]]的27个社区于10月23日停水<ref>{{cite news | title = Suspenden servicio de agua en 27 colonias de Tepic por Willa | url = https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/suspenden-agua-potable-27-colonias-tepic-nayarit-huracan-willa-20181023-0163.html | work = Debate | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174541/https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/suspenden-agua-potable-27-colonias-tepic-nayarit-huracan-willa-20181023-0163.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/suspenden-agua-potable-27-colonias-tepic-nayarit-huracan-willa-20181023-0163.html |date=20190731174541 }}</ref>。哈利斯特州交通运输部聘请四百人检视322座桥梁和超过2200公里长的公路。该机构还备有包括[[鏟斗機]]在内的60台机器，准备应对山体滑坡。风暴期间，待命的路勤人员从22人增至40人。<ref name="Jalisco Class II" />

== 影响 ==

=== 墨西哥 ===
[[File:Flooding Along the Nueces River.jpg|thumb|left|2018年11月1日卫星拍下[[努埃塞斯河]]泛滥成灾的照片]]

气旋风眼从[[瑪麗亞群島]]的两个岛屿上空经过，产生时速179公里的强烈阵风，15分钟的平均持续风速达每小时142公里，相当于时速160公里的一分钟持续风速<ref name="TCR" />。玛丽亚群岛监狱在风暴期间受损，棕榈树被连根拔起，屋顶坍塌，栅栏上的铁丝网也被扯落<ref>{{cite news | title = Así era la vida de los presos que se niegan a dejar las Islas Marías | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no | url = https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/Asi-era-la-vida-de-los-presos-que-se-niegan-a-dejar-las-Islas-Marias-20190401-0088.html | work = Debate | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2019-04-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021840/https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/Asi-era-la-vida-de-los-presos-que-se-niegan-a-dejar-las-Islas-Marias-20190401-0088.html }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/Asi-era-la-vida-de-los-presos-que-se-niegan-a-dejar-las-Islas-Marias-20190401-0088.html |date=20190801021840 }}</ref>。

据[[追風 (惡劣氣候)|追风者]]记载，飓风风眼登陆墨西哥本土时的最低气压只有968毫巴（百帕，28.6英寸汞柱]]），表明登陆时的风速为每小时185公里。登陆点及移动路线周边的阵风达飓风强度，同时伴随大浪和强烈的[[风暴潮]]。墨西哥西部降下暴雨，降水最多的圣安德烈斯米尔皮拉斯（{{lang|en|San Andrés Milpillas}}）位于纳亚里特州北部，雨量达391毫米；哈利斯科州西部的[[锡瓦特兰]]也测得335毫米雨量。除上述两州外，威拉还在科利马州、杜蘭戈州、[[米却肯州]]和锡那罗亚州产生强降水。<ref name="TCR" />受风暴影响，锡那罗亚州、 纳亚里特州、杜蘭戈州和米却肯州约有9.62万人失去供电<ref name="evac" />。

==== 锡那罗亚州 ====
飓风威拉在锡那罗亚州登陆，埃斯奎纳帕和罗萨里奥两个自治区与外界的交通中断<ref name="los">{{cite news | title = Huracán Willa deja sin luz y agua a varias comunidades de Sinaloa y provoca daños carreteros | date = 2018-10-24 | url = https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/10/danos-huracan-willa-sinaloa/ | publisher = Animal Politico | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911063026/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/10/danos-huracan-willa-sinaloa/ | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no | accessdate = 2020-09-23 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/10/danos-huracan-willa-sinaloa/ |date=20181025071341 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/in-case-you-missed-it-willa-fuels-flooding-in-southern-us-joins-noreaster-mysterious-rectangular-iceberg-discovered-in-antarctica/342378 | title = In Case You Missed It: Willa Fuels Flooding in Southern US, Joins Nor'easter; Mysterious Rectangular Iceberg Discovered in Antarctica | last = Galimberti | first = Katy | date = 2019-07-02 | work = AccuWeather | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923170453/https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/in-case-you-missed-it-willa-fuels-flooding-in-southern-us-joins-noreaster-mysterious-rectangular-iceberg-discovered-in-antarctica/342378 | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/in-case-you-missed-it-willa-fuels-flooding-in-southern-us-joins-noreaster-mysterious-rectangular-iceberg-discovered-in-antarctica/342378 |date=20200923170453 }}</ref>。狂风令民房受损，还刮倒树木阻塞道路。埃斯奎纳帕综合医院受到破坏，部分屋顶和墙壁坍塌，军人将院内35名病人转移。<ref>{{cite news | last = Ibarra | first = Aarón | title = Deja ‘Willa’ daños en hospital, apagones e inundaciones en Escuinapa | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321143201/https://riodoce.mx/2018/10/23/deja-willa-danos-en-el-hospital-apagones-e-inundaciones-en-escuinapa/ | work = Ríodoce | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | deadurl = no | url = https://riodoce.mx/2018/10/23/deja-willa-danos-en-el-hospital-apagones-e-inundaciones-en-escuinapa/ | archive-date = 2020-03-21 }} {{Wayback|url=https://riodoce.mx/2018/10/23/deja-willa-danos-en-el-hospital-apagones-e-inundaciones-en-escuinapa/ |date=20200321143201 }}</ref>该市的电力和饮用水供应中断<ref name="evac" />，估计损失总额达60亿[[墨西哥比索]]（合3.06亿美元）<ref name="Willa Damage 1" />。埃斯奎纳帕72所学校因飓风严重受损，罗萨里奥也有19所<ref name="90 tons" />，全州七个自治区共有1.7万公顷庄稼受到破坏<ref>{{cite news | last = Bustamante | first = Jesús | title = Frío también pega a hectáreas de cultivos en Sinaloa | url = https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/frio-tambien-pega-a-hectareas-de-cultivos-en-sinaloa/1288086 | work = Excelsior | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2019-02-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174540/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/frio-tambien-pega-a-hectareas-de-cultivos-en-sinaloa/1288086 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/frio-tambien-pega-a-hectareas-de-cultivos-en-sinaloa/1288086 |date=20190731174540 }}</ref>。

气旋引发的洪灾导致特雷沃尔二世（{{lang|es|Trébol II}}）社区大坝损伤<ref>{{cite news | last = Tiznado | first = Carolina | title = La Presa de la comunidad el Trébol II en Escuinapa esta en riesgo de colapsar | url = https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/la-presa-de-la-comunidad-el-trebol-ii-en-escuinapa-esta-en-riesgo-de-colapsar-1168955 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Noroeste | date = 2019-07-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174547/https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/la-presa-de-la-comunidad-el-trebol-ii-en-escuinapa-esta-en-riesgo-de-colapsar-1168955 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/la-presa-de-la-comunidad-el-trebol-ii-en-escuinapa-esta-en-riesgo-de-colapsar-1168955 |date=20190731174547 }}</ref>。通往特卡潘（{{lang|es|Tecapan}}）的公路沿线输电线缆中断，导致全镇停电。罗萨里奥至少降下188毫米雨量，导致巴卢阿特河（{{lang|en|Baluarte River}}）水位急剧上涨，<ref>{{cite news | title = El huracán Willa deja daños limitados a su paso por el noroeste de México | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no | url = https://www.efe.com/efe/america/sociedad/el-huracan-willa-deja-danos-limitados-a-su-paso-por-noroeste-de-mexico/20000013-3791875 | work = Efe | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731171327/https://www.efe.com/efe/america/sociedad/el-huracan-willa-deja-danos-limitados-a-su-paso-por-noroeste-de-mexico/20000013-3791875 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/america/sociedad/el-huracan-willa-deja-danos-limitados-a-su-paso-por-noroeste-de-mexico/20000013-3791875 |date=20190731171327 }}</ref>将石材开采机械和运输卡车卷走<ref>{{cite news | title = Sinaloa también sufre impresionantes inundaciones debido a ‘Willa’ | url = https://vanguardia.com.mx/articulo/sinaloa-tambien-sufre-impresionantes-inundaciones-debido-willa | work = Vanguardia | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-date = 2020-03-30 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200330061937/https://vanguardia.com.mx/articulo/sinaloa-tambien-sufre-impresionantes-inundaciones-debido-willa }} {{Wayback|url=https://vanguardia.com.mx/articulo/sinaloa-tambien-sufre-impresionantes-inundaciones-debido-willa |date=20190731171325 }}</ref>。基础设施所受破坏致使罗萨里奥多个社区没有饮用水，至少53公里公路无法通行<ref name="Rosario">{{cite news | last = Ibarra | first = Aarón | title = Sin aterrizar aún apoyos por el huracán ‘Willa’y el Fonden busca nuevo recuento de daños | url = https://riodoce.mx/2019/06/25/sin-aterrizar-aun-apoyos-por-el-huracan-willa-el-fonden-busca-nuevo-recuento-de-danos/ | work = Ríodoce | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2019-06-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200922223839/https://riodoce.mx/2019/06/25/sin-aterrizar-aun-apoyos-por-el-huracan-willa-el-fonden-busca-nuevo-recuento-de-danos/ | archive-date = 2020-09-22 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://riodoce.mx/2019/06/25/sin-aterrizar-aun-apoyos-por-el-huracan-willa-el-fonden-busca-nuevo-recuento-de-danos/ |date=20190731171328 }}</ref>，约三千公顷农作物因河水泛滥受损<ref>{{cite news | last = Quintero | first = Pedro | title = Willa ocasiona una catástrofe en la agricultura y ganadería | url = https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/sinaloa/danos-huracan-willa-sector-agricola-rosario-sinaloa-20181027-0003.html | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Debate | date = 2018-10-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174625/https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/sinaloa/danos-huracan-willa-sector-agricola-rosario-sinaloa-20181027-0003.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/sinaloa/danos-huracan-willa-sector-agricola-rosario-sinaloa-20181027-0003.html |date=20190731174625 }}</ref>。暴雨在[[馬薩特蘭]]引发岩崩，卡马隆（{{lang|es|Camarón}}）泻湖水位上涨<ref name="Support">{{cite news | last = Toxqui | first = Angélica | title = Deja huracán Willa sólo daños menores en Mazatlán, Sinaloa | url = https://acustiknoticias.com/2018/10/deja-huracan-willa-solo-danos-menores-en-mazatlan-sinaloa/ | work = Acustik Noticias | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731171327/https://acustiknoticias.com/2018/10/deja-huracan-willa-solo-danos-menores-en-mazatlan-sinaloa/ | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://acustiknoticias.com/2018/10/deja-huracan-willa-solo-danos-menores-en-mazatlan-sinaloa/ |date=20190731171327 }}</ref>。

==== 纳亚里特州 ====
{|class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}};"
|+ 造成至少五亿美元损失的太平洋飓风
|-
! 名称
! 年份
! 损失（美元）
! 来源
|-
| [[飓风曼努埃尔|曼努埃尔]]
| [[2013年太平洋颶風季|2013年]]
| 42亿
| <ref name="Steve Jakubowski">{{cite web | first1 = Steve | last1 = Jakubowski | first2 = Adityam | last2 = Krovvidi | first3 = Adam | last3 = Podlaha | first4 = Steve | last4 = Bowen | title = September 2013 Global Catasrophe Recap | url = http://thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com/Documents/20131007_if_september_global_recap.pdf | publisher = Aon Benfield | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2020-09-21 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200921131500/http://thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com/Documents/20131007_if_september_global_recap.pdf }} {{Wayback|url=http://thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com/Documents/20131007_if_september_global_recap.pdf |date=20160303222953 }}</ref>
|-
| [[颶風伊尼基|伊尼基]]
| [[1992年太平洋颶風季|1992年]]
| 31亿
| <ref name="Costliest TC's">{{cite report | archivedate = 2020-09-19 | deadurl = no | date = 2018-01-12 | title = Costliest U.S. Tropical Cyclones Tables Update | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | publisher = National Hurricane Center | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200919234600/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf |date=20180127083930 }}</ref>
|-
| [[颶風奧迪爾|奥迪勒]]
| [[2014年太平洋颶風季|2014年]]
| 12.5亿
| <ref name=EA1>{{cite news | title = Aseguradores pagaron 16,600 mdp por daños del huracán Odile | url = https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/sectorfinanciero/Ascienden-a-16600-mdp-costos-por-huracan-Odile--20141210-0057.html | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | newspaper = El Economista | date = 2014-12-10 | first1 = Elizabeth | last1 = Albarrán | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200801195232/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/sectorfinanciero/Ascienden-a-16600-mdp-costos-por-huracan-Odile--20141210-0057.html | archive-date = 2020-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/sectorfinanciero/Ascienden-a-16600-mdp-costos-por-huracan-Odile--20141210-0057.html |date=20181021232112 }}</ref>
|-
| [[热带风暴阿加莎|阿加莎]]
| [[2010年太平洋颶風季|2010年]]
| 11亿
| <ref name="TCR Agatha">{{cite report | first = Jack | last = Beven | publisher = National Hurricane Center | date = 2011-01-10 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | title = Tropical Storm Agatha | series = Tropical Cyclone Report | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200815220600/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP012010_Agatha.pdf | deadurl = no | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP012010_Agatha.pdf | format = PDF | archivedate = 2020-08-15 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP012010_Agatha.pdf |date=20210420061335 }}</ref>
|-
| '''威拉'''
| [[2018年太平洋颶風季|2018年]]
| 8.25亿
| <ref name="Willa Damage 3">{{cite news | url = https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/1004714.hay-danos-evidentes-en-lerdo-por-lluvias.html | title = Hay daños evidentes en Lerdo por lluvias | work = El Siglo de Durango | date = 2018-11-03 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911044417/https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/1004714.hay-danos-evidentes-en-lerdo-por-lluvias.html | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/1004714.hay-danos-evidentes-en-lerdo-por-lluvias.html |date=20181104170055 }}</ref><ref name="Willa Damage 2">{{cite news | first1 = Ireri | last1 = Piña | url = https://www.contramuro.com/necesarios-35-mdp-para-solventar-danos-por-willa/ | title = Necesarios 35 mdp para solventar daños por “Willa” | work = Contramuro | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911045307/https://www.contramuro.com/necesarios-35-mdp-para-solventar-danos-por-willa/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.contramuro.com/necesarios-35-mdp-para-solventar-danos-por-willa/ |date=20181104211038 }}</ref><ref name="Willa Damage 1">{{cite news | url = https://www.noticiasdigitalessinaloa.com/post/2019-02-05-estiman-en-6-mil-millones-de-pesos-los-da-c3-b1os-dejados-por-hurac-c3-a1n-willa-en-escui | title = Estiman en 6 mil millones de pesos los daños dejados por huracán Willa en Escuinapa | work = Noticias Digitales Sinaloa | date = 2019-02-06 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911045337/https://www.noticiasdigitalessinaloa.com/post/2019-02-05-estiman-en-6-mil-millones-de-pesos-los-da-c3-b1os-dejados-por-hurac-c3-a1n-willa-en-escui | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.noticiasdigitalessinaloa.com/post/2019-02-05-estiman-en-6-mil-millones-de-pesos-los-da-c3-b1os-dejados-por-hurac-c3-a1n-willa-en-escui |date=20190830081216 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first1 = Myriam | last1 = Navarro | first2 = Javier | last2 = Santos | url = https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2018/11/07/ascienden-a-10-mil-millones-los-danos-que-causo-2018willa2019-en-nayarit-1536.html | title = Ascienden a $10 mil millones los daños que causó 'Willa' en Nayarit | newspaper = La Jornada | date = 2018-11-11 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2020-09-14 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914194108/https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2018/11/07/ascienden-a-10-mil-millones-los-danos-que-causo-2018willa2019-en-nayarit-1536.html }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2018/11/07/ascienden-a-10-mil-millones-los-danos-que-causo-2018willa2019-en-nayarit-1536.html |date=20200914194108 }}</ref>
|-
| [[1998年飓风玛德琳|玛德琳]]
| [[1998年太平洋颶風季|1998年]]
| 7.5亿
| <ref name="nwsmad">{{cite web | publisher = United States Department of Commerce | year = 1999 | title = South Texas Floods: October 17–22, 1998 | accessdate = 2016-03-03 | archive-date = 2016-03-03 | deadurl = yes | url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/txflood.pdf | format = PDF | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215733/https://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/txflood.pdf }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/txflood.pdf |date=20160303215733 }}</ref>
|-
| [[1994年飓风罗莎|罗莎]]
| [[1994年太平洋颶風季|1994年]]
| 7亿
| <ref>{{cite web | url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-073-94/pdf/FS-94-073.pdf | title = Floods in Southeast Texas, October 1994 | publisher = [[美國地質調查局|United States Geological Survey]] | format = PDF | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 1995-01 | page = 1 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200808235358/https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-073-94/pdf/FS-94-073.pdf | archive-date = 2020-08-08 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-073-94/pdf/FS-94-073.pdf |date=20200808235358 }}</ref>
|-
| [[1982年飓风保罗|保罗]]
| [[1982年太平洋飓风季|1982年]]
| 5.2亿
| <ref name=PW>{{cite web | website = Prevention Web | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2011-07-22 | title = Guatemala - Disaster Statistics | url = http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/?cid=70 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722034729/http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/?cid=70 | archivedate = 2011-07-22 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/?cid=70 |date=20120226065818 }}</ref><ref name=5DT>{{cite news | title = 5 Day Toll in El Salvador, 630 Killed, Crops, Destroyed | newspaper = Anchorage Daily Times | date = 1982-09-23}}</ref><ref name="ESDTH565AMNF">{{cite news | title = El Salvador Death Toll hits 565 as more bodies found | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KQAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5wUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5281,3506099&dq=el+salvador+flood&hl=en | newspaper = Ocala Star-Banner | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 1982-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200602170031/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KQAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5wUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5281,3506099&dq=el+salvador+flood&hl=en | archive-date = 2020-06-02 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KQAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5wUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5281,3506099&dq=el+salvador+flood&hl=en |date=20200602170031 }}</ref>
|-
| [[1983年热带风暴奥克塔夫|奥克塔夫]]
| [[1983年太平洋飓风季|1983年]]
| 5.125亿
| <ref name="nws">{{cite web | title = Tropical Storm Octave 1983 | publisher = National Weather Service | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | url = https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/twc/tropical/Octave_1983.php | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200808103841/https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/twc/tropical/Octave_1983.php | archive-date = 2020-08-08 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/twc/tropical/Octave_1983.php |date=20200808103841 }}</ref><ref name="UPI3">{{cite news | title = Domestic News | date = 1983-10-07 | first = Brenda | last = Rotzull | agency = [[合众国际社|United Press International]] | via = Lexis Nexis}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
|-
| [[1978年飓风诺曼|诺曼]]
| [[1978年太平洋飓风季|1978年]]
| 5亿
| <ref>{{cite book | last = Oard | first = Michael | date = 2015-03-01 | title = The New Weather Book (Wonders of Creation) | publisher = Master Books | page = 54 | isbn = 0890518610 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | url = https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=RBcKBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false | archive-date = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923170445/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=RBcKBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false | dead-url = no }}</ref>
|}

威拉在纳亚里特州共造成至少100亿墨西哥比索（合5.1亿美元）的经济损失<ref>{{cite news | last = Vargas | first = Gustavo | url = https://www.ntv.com.mx/2018/11/05/polo-dominguez-danos-en-nayarit-por-willa-podrian-ser-de-10-mil-millones-de-pesos/ | title = Polo Domínguez: Daños en Nayarit por Willa podrían ser de 10 mil millones de pesos | work = NTV | date = 2018-11-11 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421115441/https://www.ntv.com.mx/2018/11/05/polo-dominguez-danos-en-nayarit-por-willa-podrian-ser-de-10-mil-millones-de-pesos/ | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ntv.com.mx/2018/11/05/polo-dominguez-danos-en-nayarit-por-willa-podrian-ser-de-10-mil-millones-de-pesos/ |date=20190127205716 }}</ref><ref name="Nayarit Water">{{cite web | last = Gutierritos | first = Jefferson | title = El Desastre Aún No Termina: Hay Riesgo De Una Emergencia Sanitaria En Nayarit | url = https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/desastre-riesgo-emergencia-sanitaria-nayarit/ | work = Sopitas | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-11-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134344/https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/desastre-riesgo-emergencia-sanitaria-nayarit/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/desastre-riesgo-emergencia-sanitaria-nayarit/ |date=20190801134344 }}</ref>，导致约十万人无家可归<ref name="Nayarit bankrupt">{{cite news | last1 = Tello | first1 = Antonio | last2 = Madrigal | first2 = Guadalupe | title = Gobierno de Nayarit se declara en bancarrota para atender emergencia por ‘Willa’ | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/gobierno-de-nayarit-se-declara-en-bancarrota-para-atender-emergencia-por-willa/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Noticieros Televisa | date = 2018-11-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190814062527/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/gobierno-de-nayarit-se-declara-en-bancarrota-para-atender-emergencia-por-willa/ | archive-date = 2019-08-14 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/gobierno-de-nayarit-se-declara-en-bancarrota-para-atender-emergencia-por-willa/ |date=20190814062527 }}</ref>，共12个自治区进入[[紧急状态]]<ref name="milen" />。单该州北部的农业水力系统就受到价值七亿墨西哥比索（合3570万美元）的破坏<ref>{{cite news | first = Victor | last = Rochín | url = https://tvpacifico.mx/noticias/220445-estiman-danos-en-red-hidroagricola-en-el-norte-por-mas-de-de-700-millones-de-pesos | title = Estiman daños en red hidroagrícola en el norte, por mas de de 700 millones de pesos | date = 2018-10-30 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Televisoras del Pacífico | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190417000000/https://tvpacifico.mx/noticias/220445-estiman-danos-en-red-hidroagricola-en-el-norte-por-mas-de-de-700-millones-de-pesos | archive-date = 2019-04-17 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://tvpacifico.mx/noticias/220445-estiman-danos-en-red-hidroagricola-en-el-norte-por-mas-de-de-700-millones-de-pesos |date=20181101015417 }}</ref>。暴雨令河水浪头涨至超过11米，迫使多个自治区人员疏散<ref name="milen">{{cite news | last = Reza | first1 = Abraham | last2 = Arellano | first2 = Salvador | title = Se desbordan ríos en Nayarit por 'Willa' | url = https://www.milenio.com/estados/lluvias-willa-provocan-desbordamiento-rios-nayarit | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Milenio | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174542/https://www.milenio.com/estados/lluvias-willa-provocan-desbordamiento-rios-nayarit | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/lluvias-willa-provocan-desbordamiento-rios-nayarit |date=20190731174542 }}</ref>，全州共1.2万人被迫前往避难所<ref name="Televisa Acaponeta">{{cite news | title = Nayarit en emergencia por desbordamiento de ríos tras “Willa” | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-emergencia-desbordamiento-rios-tras-willa/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Noticieros Televisa | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801055123/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-emergencia-desbordamiento-rios-tras-willa/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-emergencia-desbordamiento-rios-tras-willa/ |date=20190801055123 }}</ref>。

飓风降下暴雨，在[[圣佩德罗梅斯基塔河|圣佩德罗河]]（{{lang|en|San Pedro River}}）与[[阿卡波內塔河]]沿线引发重大洪灾，18万人受影响<ref name="univision nov1">{{cite news | last = Cacelín | first = Janet | title = Fotos: Una semana después del paso del huracán Willa, 180,000 personas en Nayarit aún sufren los efectos de las inundaciones | url = https://www.univision.com/noticias/desastres-naturales/fotos-una-semana-despues-del-paso-del-huracan-willa-180-000-personas-en-nayarit-aun-sufren-los-efectos-de-las-inundaciones-fotos | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Univision | date = 2018-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134344/https://www.univision.com/noticias/desastres-naturales/fotos-una-semana-despues-del-paso-del-huracan-willa-180-000-personas-en-nayarit-aun-sufren-los-efectos-de-las-inundaciones-fotos | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.univision.com/noticias/desastres-naturales/fotos-una-semana-despues-del-paso-del-huracan-willa-180-000-personas-en-nayarit-aun-sufren-los-efectos-de-las-inundaciones-fotos |date=20190801134344 }}</ref>。圣佩德罗河沿线四人溺毙，其中[[华吉科里]]（{{lang|en|Huajicori}}）三人，[[图斯潘 (纳亚里特州)|图斯潘]]（{{lang|en|Tuxpan}}）的圣维森特（{{lang|es|San Vicente}}）一人<ref name="nay25">{{cite news | first = Karina | last = Cancino | title = Cuatro muertos y 150 mil damnificados por paso de 'Willa' en Nayarit | date = 2018-10-25 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = El Financiero | url = https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cuatro-muertos-y-150-mil-damnificados-por-paso-de-willa-en-nayarit | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200917162234/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cuatro-muertos-y-150-mil-damnificados-por-paso-de-willa-en-nayarit | archive-date = 2020-09-17 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cuatro-muertos-y-150-mil-damnificados-por-paso-de-willa-en-nayarit |date=20200917162234 }}</ref>。唯一通往乌卡拉山谷社区的公路被洪水冲毁，居民同外界的联系中断。狂风和洪水令当地养虾场血本无归，其中一户农民损失的虾有20至30公吨，价值约两百万墨西哥比索（合8.2万美元）。<ref name="Shrimp">{{cite news | title = Nayarit no se recupera tras el paso de ‘Willa’; 180 mil habitantes siguen incomunicados | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-no-se-recupera-tras-el-paso-de-willa-180-mil-habitantes-siguen-incomunicados/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200408083910/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-no-se-recupera-tras-el-paso-de-willa-180-mil-habitantes-siguen-incomunicados/ | archive-date = 2020-04-08 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-no-se-recupera-tras-el-paso-de-willa-180-mil-habitantes-siguen-incomunicados/ |date=20190802093923 }}</ref>圣佩德罗河位于图斯潘境内河段溢出，导致污水泄露，该自治区四所公立学校中有三所遭受洪灾严重破坏，纳亚里特州还有另外42所学校受到相当程度破坏<ref>{{cite news | last = Torres | first = Raúl | title = Concentran ayuda en Tuxpan, Nayarit, tras huracán Willa | url = https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/concentran-ayuda-en-tuxpan-nayarit-tras-huracan-willa | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = El Universal | date = 2018-11-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801135845/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/concentran-ayuda-en-tuxpan-nayarit-tras-huracan-willa | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/concentran-ayuda-en-tuxpan-nayarit-tras-huracan-willa |date=20190801135845 }}</ref>。图斯潘数万居民遭受深达两米的洪水影响<ref name="Tuxpan flood">{{cite news | last = Moya | first = Ricardo | title = Damnificados por "Willa" siguen removiendo escombros; buscan refugio | archive-date = 2020-05-27 | url = https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/damnificados-por-willa-siguen-removiendo-escombros-buscan-refugio | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = El Universal | deadurl = no | date = 2018-11-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200527095645/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/damnificados-por-willa-siguen-removiendo-escombros-buscan-refugio }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/damnificados-por-willa-siguen-removiendo-escombros-buscan-refugio |date=20190802104521 }}</ref>。纳亚里特州北部还因河流泛滥导致饮用水短缺<ref name="Shrimp" />，供水直到风暴过去至少两周才陆续恢复<ref name="Nayarit Water" />。图斯潘政府的粮仓被淹，两吨食品援助毁于一旦<ref name="ladobe">{{cite news | last = Nuño | first = Analy S. | title = El naufragio de Nayarit, entre la ayuda civil y el gobierno ausente | url = https://ladobe.com.mx/2018/11/el-naufragio-de-nayarit-entre-la-ayuda-civil-y-el-gobierno-ausente/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = LadoB | date = 2018-11-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134347/https://ladobe.com.mx/2018/11/el-naufragio-de-nayarit-entre-la-ayuda-civil-y-el-gobierno-ausente/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://ladobe.com.mx/2018/11/el-naufragio-de-nayarit-entre-la-ayuda-civil-y-el-gobierno-ausente/ |date=20190801134347 }}</ref>。消防员通宵达旦救助被困屋顶的灾民<ref>{{cite news | title = Rescatan a hombre arrastrado por río en Nayarit | url = https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Rescatan-a-hombre-arrastrado-por-rio-en-Nayarit-20181025-0076.html | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = El Informador | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134343/https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Rescatan-a-hombre-arrastrado-por-rio-en-Nayarit-20181025-0076.html | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Rescatan-a-hombre-arrastrado-por-rio-en-Nayarit-20181025-0076.html |date=20190801134343 }}</ref>。

阿卡波內塔河沿线洪灾严重程度创下新纪录，洪峰高达12.2米，最大泄洪量为每秒1.7万立方米，[[阿卡波内塔]]受到严重影响。墨西哥68号联邦公路许多车辆被洪水所困，阿卡波内塔收费站附近情况特别严重。民防及墨西哥海军人员开展至少80次水陆救援。<ref name="Televisa Acaponeta" />[[墨西哥15D号联邦公路]]位于阿卡波內塔至拉瓜西马（{{lang|es|La Guásima}}）路段因洪水封闭<ref>{{cite news | title = Cerrada Autopista Villa Unión- Tepic por daños del huracán Willa | url = https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/cerrada-autopista-villa-union-tepic-por-danos-del-huracan-willa-1145912 | accessdate = 2020-03-18 | work = Noroeste | date = 2018-10-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174546/https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/cerrada-autopista-villa-union-tepic-por-danos-del-huracan-willa-1145912 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/cerrada-autopista-villa-union-tepic-por-danos-del-huracan-willa-1145912 |date=20190731174546 }}</ref>。

==== 其他地区 ====
威拉在米却肯州降下暴雨，部分地区发生洪灾<ref name="train" />，导致河流泛滥。科因齐奥（{{lang|es|Cointzio}}）大坝达到九八成容量，州首府[[莫雷利亚]]的蓄水和排污系统全部满荷。首府部分地点水深达一米，致使40个社区被淹，成百上千的民宅进水。贾卡兰达斯（{{lang|en|Jacarandas}}）社区的污水系统发出异味，居民被迫转移。全市共开设三个避难所容纳灾民，<ref>{{cite news | title = Huracán Willa inunda Morelia | archive-date = 2020-02-15 | deadurl = no | url = http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2018/1098238.html | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200215121000/http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2018/1098238.html | work = La Crónica de Hoy }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2018/1098238.html |date=20200215121000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Gutierritos | first = Jefferson | title = Morelia está literalmente bajo el agua por el huracán "Willa" | url = https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/morelia-literalmente-bajo-agua-huracan-willa/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Sopitas | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134351/https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/morelia-literalmente-bajo-agua-huracan-willa/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/morelia-literalmente-bajo-agua-huracan-willa/ |date=20190801134351 }}</ref><ref name="morrr">{{cite news | title = Activan Plan DN-III por lluvia e inundación en Morelia, Michoacán | date = 2018-10-22 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Noticieros Televisa | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-michoacan-hoy-22-octubre-2018-lluvias-causan-inundacion-morelia/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200320100634/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-michoacan-hoy-22-octubre-2018-lluvias-causan-inundacion-morelia/ | archive-date = 2020-03-20 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-michoacan-hoy-22-octubre-2018-lluvias-causan-inundacion-morelia/ |date=20200320100634 }}</ref>经济损失估计为3500万墨西哥比索（合179万美元）<ref name="Willa Damage 2" />。阿塔帕诺（{{lang|en|Atapaneo}}）因山体滑坡导致货运列车脱轨，两人因此受伤<ref name="train">{{cite news | title = Willa provoca inundaciones en Morelia e impactará en Sinaloa como categoría 3 | url = https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/10/willa-lluvias-morelia-sinaloa/ | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Animal Politico | date = 2018-10-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190417000005/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/10/willa-lluvias-morelia-sinaloa/ | archive-date = 2019-04-17 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/10/willa-lluvias-morelia-sinaloa/ |date=20190417000005 }}</ref><ref name="morrr" />。风暴带来的雨水令[[查帕拉湖]]上涨<ref>{{cite news | work = Reporte Indigo | title = No todo es destrucción… Willa provoca ‘milagro’ en el Lago de Chapala | date = 2018-10-23 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no | url = https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/no-todo-es-destruccion-willa-provoca-milagro-en-el-lago-de-chapala/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021838/https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/no-todo-es-destruccion-willa-provoca-milagro-en-el-lago-de-chapala/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/no-todo-es-destruccion-willa-provoca-milagro-en-el-lago-de-chapala/ |date=20190801021838 }}</ref>。

威拉在[[科利馬州]]沿海引起的大浪将船掀翻，船上分别28岁和30岁的两兄弟遇溺，两人当时正在抛洒亲人的骨灰，尸体后由地方官员和墨西哥海军找回<ref>{{cite news | last = Martínez | first = Abraham Acosta | title = Van a Colima a esparcir cenizas de familiar, mueren por oleaje de ‘Willa’ | url = https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/van-a-colima-a-esparcir-cenizas-de-familiar-mueren-por-oleaje-de-willa/1273163 | work = Excelsior | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911051906/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/van-a-colima-a-esparcir-cenizas-de-familiar-mueren-por-oleaje-de-willa/1273163 | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/van-a-colima-a-esparcir-cenizas-de-familiar-mueren-por-oleaje-de-willa/1273163 |date=20190801021841 }}</ref>。威拉和附近的热带风暴维森特导致天气反复无常，停靠[[曼萨尼约]]和图斯潘的许多[[油輪]]无法卸油，再加上向[[瓜达拉哈拉 (墨西哥)|瓜达拉哈拉]]运送[[石油]]的主要管道关闭，导致[[哈利斯科州]]燃料短缺，约500个加油站受影响<ref>{{cite news | first = Patricia | last = Romo | url = https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/estados/Persiste-desabasto-de-gasolina-en-Jalisco-20181104-0096.html | title = Persiste desabasto de gasolina en Jalisco | work = El Economista | date = 2018-11-04 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190417000029/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/estados/Persiste-desabasto-de-gasolina-en-Jalisco-20181104-0096.html | archive-date = 2019-04-17 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/estados/Persiste-desabasto-de-gasolina-en-Jalisco-20181104-0096.html |date=20190417000029 }}</ref>。

附近的哈利斯科州同样降下暴雨，引发街道洪灾，河流泛滥。[[圣帕特里西奥 (哈利斯科州)|梅拉克]]（{{lang|es|Melaque}}）的[[步兵]]总部被淹，军人被迫转移。急流冲破[[拉曼萨尼拉]]（{{lang|en|La Manzanilla}}）鳄鱼栖息地的篱笆，成百上千的鳄鱼逃脱。<ref>{{cite news | title = ‘Willa’ deja cocodrilos sueltos en Barra de Navidad, Jalisco | date = 2018-10-24 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = Noticieros Televisa | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190821033111/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-jalisco-willa-deja-cocodrilos-sueltos-barra-de-navidad/ | archive-date = 2019-08-21 | deadurl = no | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-jalisco-willa-deja-cocodrilos-sueltos-barra-de-navidad/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/clima-jalisco-willa-deja-cocodrilos-sueltos-barra-de-navidad/ |date=20190821033111 }}</ref>大量降水令[[帕帕洛阿潘河]]与[[夸察夸尔科斯河]]泛滥成灾<ref>{{cite news | title = Rios de Mexico Reviven Peligrosamente… El Papaloapan Y Coatzacoalcos Comienzan A Desbordarse | url = https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/rios-de-mexico-reviven-peligrosamente-el-papaloapan-y-coatzacoalcos-comienzan-a-desbordarse/ | work = Reporte Indigo | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021838/https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/rios-de-mexico-reviven-peligrosamente-el-papaloapan-y-coatzacoalcos-comienzan-a-desbordarse/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.reporteindigo.com/reporte/rios-de-mexico-reviven-peligrosamente-el-papaloapan-y-coatzacoalcos-comienzan-a-desbordarse/ |date=20190801021838 }}</ref>。蓬塔佩鲁拉（{{lang|es|Punta Pérula}}）的洪水有60厘米高，至少十余幢房屋进水。[[巴亚尔塔港]]近海波涛汹涌，当地还有树木倒塌并发生山体滑坡。<ref name="Jalisco class" />暴雨在索諾拉州[[諾加萊斯 (索諾拉州)|諾加萊斯]]夺走两条人命，洪水卷走汽车并冲进民房和商铺<ref>{{cite news | title = ‘Willa’ pega en Sinaloa y deja 2 muertos en Sonora | work = Milenio | date = 2018-10-25 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | url = https://www.milenio.com/estados/willa-pega-sinaloa-deja-2-muertos-sonora | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200912205702/https://www.milenio.com/estados/willa-pega-sinaloa-deja-2-muertos-sonora | archive-date = 2020-09-12 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/willa-pega-sinaloa-deja-2-muertos-sonora |date=20200912205702 }}</ref>。

杜蘭戈州梅斯基特自治区（{{lang|en|Mezquital Municipality}}）一名电力工人暴雨期间触电后摔死<ref>{{cite news | date = 2018-10-25 | title = Trabajador de CFE muere electrocutado producto de las lluvias por 'Willa' | accessdate = 2019-08-01 | work = Tribuna | url = https://www.tribuna.com.mx/mexico/Trabajador-de-CFE-muere-electrocutado-producto-de-las-lluvias-por-Willa-20181025-0074.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021837/https://www.tribuna.com.mx/mexico/Trabajador-de-CFE-muere-electrocutado-producto-de-las-lluvias-por-Willa-20181025-0074.html | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.tribuna.com.mx/mexico/Trabajador-de-CFE-muere-electrocutado-producto-de-las-lluvias-por-Willa-20181025-0074.html |date=20190801021837 }}</ref>。该州至少有五个城镇被淹，[[新城自治区 (杜兰戈州)|新城自治区]]（{{lang|en|Pueblo Nuevo Municipality}}）发生山崩，导致十个乡村社区的35幢民居受损<ref>{{cite news | title = Huracán 'Willa' deja daños en Durango | url = https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1511947.huracan-willa-deja-danos-en-durango.html | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = El Siglo de Torreón | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200215120958/https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1511947.huracan-willa-deja-danos-en-durango.html | archive-date = 2020-02-15 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/1511947.huracan-willa-deja-danos-en-durango.html |date=20200215120958 }}</ref>。10月23至24日，[[墨西哥40号联邦公路]]位于[[杜兰戈]]至马萨特兰间部分路段封闭，全州各地学校停课至10月25日<ref name="Durango Dam">{{cite news | title = Willa ocasiona diversas afectaciones en Durango | url = https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/republica/sociedad/willa-ocasiona-diversas-afectaciones-en-durango-2282881.html | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | work = El Sol de Mexico | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200216050249/https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/republica/sociedad/willa-ocasiona-diversas-afectaciones-en-durango-2282881.html | archive-date = 2020-02-16 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/republica/sociedad/willa-ocasiona-diversas-afectaciones-en-durango-2282881.html |date=20200216050249 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Tras paso de 'Willa' reabren la carretera Durango - Mazatlán | url = https://www.milenio.com/estados/abren-circulacion-super-carretera-durango-mazatlan | work = Milenio | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174707/https://www.milenio.com/estados/abren-circulacion-super-carretera-durango-mazatlan | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/abren-circulacion-super-carretera-durango-mazatlan |date=20190731174707 }}</ref>。[[萊爾多 (杜蘭戈州)|萊爾多]]的经济损失约为1.4亿墨西哥比索（合714万美元）<ref name="Willa Damage 3" />。面对不断上涨的水位，圣埃琳娜（{{lang|es|Santa Elena}}）大坝周边地区共有两百人撤离<ref name="Durango Dam" />。

威拉和附近的热带风暴维森特在[[伊達爾戈州]]降下暴雨，共引发十起山体滑坡。瓦斯特克（{{lang|es|Huasteca}}）和塞拉（{{lang|es|Sierra}}）的公路被石块和树枝堵塞。[[萨夸尔蒂潘]]（{{lang|es|Zacualtipán}}）有两人因遭遇山体滑坡入院治疗，[[卡尔纳里]]（{{lang|en|Calnali}}）的山崩掩埋房屋，七人被迫转移。<ref>{{cite news | title = Deja lluvia vías con bloqueos y dos lesionados en Hidalgo | url = https://criteriohidalgo.com/noticias/hidalgo/deja-lluvia-vias-con-bloqueos-y-dos-lesionados-en-hidalgo | accessdate = 2020-09-16 | work = Criterio Hidalgo | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200103180051/https://criteriohidalgo.com/noticias/hidalgo/deja-lluvia-vias-con-bloqueos-y-dos-lesionados-en-hidalgo | archive-date = 2020-01-03 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://criteriohidalgo.com/noticias/hidalgo/deja-lluvia-vias-con-bloqueos-y-dos-lesionados-en-hidalgo |date=20200103180051 }}</ref>韦韦特拉（{{lang|es|Huehuetla}}）和[[特南戈山谷]]（{{lang|es|Tenango del Valle}}）的道路也因山体滑坡无法通行。其他受山崩影响的公路包括：特兰奇诺（{{lang|en|Tlanchinol}}）至韦亚帕（{{lang|en|Hueyapa}}）州级公路位于特佩瓦坎德格雷罗（{{lang|es|Tepehuacán de Guerrero}}）境内路段，[[帕丘卡]]至韦胡特拉（{{lang|en|Huejutla}}）公路位于[[小米内拉尔]]（{{lang|es|Mineral del Chico}}）境内路段，以及[[墨西哥城]]至[[坦皮科]]的联邦公路。<ref>{{cite news | title = Van 10 desgajamientos por lluvias en Hidalgo; afectan carreteras y vialidades | url = https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estados/van-10-desgajamientos-por-lluvias-en-hidalgo-afectan-carreteras-y-vialidades/ | newspaper = El Heraldo de México | accessdate = 2020-09-16 | date = 2018-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021842/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estados/van-10-desgajamientos-por-lluvias-en-hidalgo-afectan-carreteras-y-vialidades/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estados/van-10-desgajamientos-por-lluvias-en-hidalgo-afectan-carreteras-y-vialidades/ |date=20190801021842 }}</ref>

=== 美国 ===
10月24日，飓风威拉的残留在[[德克萨斯州]]和[[路易斯安那州]]产生暴雨和雷暴<Ref name="TCR" />。当地土壤含水已因过去一个月间降水过多饱和，德克萨斯州东南部的[[加尔维斯顿县]]接获山洪警报<ref name="Houston">{{cite news | url = https://www.click2houston.com/weather/2018/10/25/hurricane-willa-leftovers-to-bring-rain-to-houston-on-wednesday/ | title = Hurricane Willa Leftovers to Bring Rain to Houston on Wednesday | first1 = Aaron | last1 = Barker | first2 = Eric | last2 = Braate | work = KPRC Click2Houston | date = 2018-10-24 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421204322/https://www.click2houston.com/weather/how-a-pacific-hurricane-will-impact-houston | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.click2houston.com/weather/2018/10/25/hurricane-willa-leftovers-to-bring-rain-to-houston-on-wednesday/ |date=20190421204322 }}</ref><ref name="drench US states">{{cite web | url = https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/24/us/hurricane-willa-us-impact-wxc/index.html | title = Willa Will Drench US States and Could Turn into a Nor'easter | first = Holly | last = Yan | publisher = Cable News Network | date = 2018-10-24 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421204328/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/24/us/hurricane-willa-us-impact-wxc/index.html | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/24/us/hurricane-willa-us-impact-wxc/index.html |date=20190421204328 }}</ref>。[[加尔维斯顿斯科尔斯国际机场]]（{{lang|en|Scholes International Airport at Galveston}}）降水达到120毫米<ref name="TCR" />，打破1883年创下的该市日降雨量纪录<ref>{{cite report | page = 12 | format = PDF | publisher = Houston, Texas National Weather Service | url = https://www.weather.gov/media/hgx/climate/summary/October_2018_Regional_Climate_Summary.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321141446/https://www.weather.gov/media/hgx/climate/summary/October_2018_Regional_Climate_Summary.pdf | archivedate = 2020-03-21 | deadurl = no | title = October 2018 Regional Climate Summary | accessdate = 2020-09-23 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/hgx/climate/summary/October_2018_Regional_Climate_Summary.pdf |date=20200321141446 }}</ref>。雨水引发山洪，流入沼泽、河道，将街道和部分汽车淹没<ref>{{cite news | title = Coastal Counties Flooded after Heavy Rains from Hurricane Willa Remnants | work = KPRC Click2Houston | url = https://www.click2houston.com/weather/2018/10/25/coastal-counties-flooded-after-heavy-rains-from-hurricane-willa-remnants/ | date = 2018-10-25 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321141444/https://www.click2houston.com/weather/2018/10/25/coastal-counties-flooded-after-heavy-rains-from-hurricane-willa-remnants/ | archive-date = 2020-03-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.click2houston.com/weather/2018/10/25/coastal-counties-flooded-after-heavy-rains-from-hurricane-willa-remnants/ |date=20200321141444 }}</ref><ref>{{cite report | title = Event: Flash Flood in Arcadia, TX [2018-10-24 18:55 CST-6] | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | url = https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=788965 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200518153813/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=788965 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | series = Storm Events Database | archive-date = 2020-05-18 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=788965 |date=20200518153813 }}</ref>。洪水还进入[[德克萨斯州农工大学]][[德克萨斯州农工大学加尔维斯顿分校|加尔维斯顿分校]]的宿舍<ref>{{cite report | title = Event: Flash Flood in Galveston, TX [2018-10-24 18:55 CST-6] | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | url = https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=788966 | accessdate = 2020-09-23 | series = Storm Events Database | archive-date = 2020-05-18 | deadurl = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200518154016/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=788966 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=788966 |date=20200518154012 }}</ref>。

== 善后 ==
墨西哥当局派出包括军人、水手、医生和护士在内的4.5万人协助救灾<ref>{{cite news | last = Suárez | first = Tatiana | title = Tras causar estragos en el pacífico mexicano, Willa se degrada a depresión tropical | url = https://www.france24.com/es/20181024-huracan-willa-degrada-tormenta-tropical | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = France 24 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174541/https://www.france24.com/es/20181024-huracan-willa-degrada-tormenta-tropical | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.france24.com/es/20181024-huracan-willa-degrada-tormenta-tropical |date=20190731174541 }}</ref><ref name="milen" />。科利马州、杜兰戈州、哈利斯科州、锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州启动旨在协调搜救工作和救灾援助的[[DN-III-E计划]]（{{lang|en|DN-III-E Plan}}）。锡那罗亚州库利亚坎（{{lang|es|Culiacán}}）、罗萨里奥（{{lang|es|El Rosario}}）、[[埃斯奎纳帕自治区|埃斯奎纳帕]]、拉克鲁兹伊洛塔（{{lang|es|La Cruz de Elota}}）和马萨特兰自治区约布署1.1万名军人，协助将平民送到四个避难所，该州约1820人分得1400份口粮。军人在蒂卡潘医院修理受损的窗户，并将路上倒塌的树木挪走。杜兰戈州约部署590名军人。262名军人在科利马州监测马拉巴斯科河水位。米却肯州官员动员五百名军人协助灾民。哈利斯科州梅拉克、[[巴亚尔塔港]]和[[托马特兰]]（{{lang|en|Tomatlán}}）共有154人在108名军人帮助下转移。<ref name="Plan DN-III-E">{{cite news | last = Moya | first = Ricardo | title = Aplica Sedena Plan DN-III-E tras paso de huracán "Willa" en Sinaloa | url = https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/aplica-sedena-plan-dn-iii-e-tras-paso-de-huracan-willa-en-sinaloa | work = El Universal | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200527103218/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/aplica-sedena-plan-dn-iii-e-tras-paso-de-huracan-willa-en-sinaloa | archive-date = 2020-05-27 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/aplica-sedena-plan-dn-iii-e-tras-paso-de-huracan-willa-en-sinaloa |date=20190801121406 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Sedena aplica Plan DN-III-E en costa del Pacífico por huracán ‘Willa’ | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/sedena-aplica-plan-dn-iii-e-en-costa-del-pacifico-por-huracan-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190811140148/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/sedena-aplica-plan-dn-iii-e-en-costa-del-pacifico-por-huracan-willa/ | archive-date = 2019-08-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/sedena-aplica-plan-dn-iii-e-en-costa-del-pacifico-por-huracan-willa/ |date=20190811140148 }}</ref><ref name="morrr" />墨西哥城政府在该市普希金花园（{{lang|en|Pushkin Garden}}）设立食品、清洁用品和卫生用品收集中心<ref>{{cite news | title = Instala gobierno capitalino centro de acopio para apoyar a afectados por “Willa” | url = https://aristeguinoticias.com/3010/mexico/instala-gobierno-capitalino-centro-de-acopio-para-apoyar-a-afectados-por-willa/ | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = Aristegui Noticias | date = 2018-10-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174545/https://aristeguinoticias.com/3010/mexico/instala-gobierno-capitalino-centro-de-acopio-para-apoyar-a-afectados-por-willa/ | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/3010/mexico/instala-gobierno-capitalino-centro-de-acopio-para-apoyar-a-afectados-por-willa/ |date=20190731174545 }}</ref>。{{lang|en|DN-III-E}}计划在纳亚里特州图斯潘建立社区厨房，[[墨西哥陆军]]在此分配三千份饭菜<ref name="Tuxpan flood" />。墨西哥国家整体家庭发展系统共向飓风影响地区提供1600公吨援助物资，其中包括储藏的食品、镀锌金属板和瓶装水<ref>{{cite news | last = Espinosa | first = Gabriela | title = El paso del Huràcan “Willa” dejó daños por 3 mil 650 millones de pesos en Nayarit | url = https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/huracan-willa-danos-3-mil-650-millones-pesos-nayarit/ | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = Sopitas | date = 2018-11-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200730123324/https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/huracan-willa-danos-3-mil-650-millones-pesos-nayarit/ | archive-date = 2020-07-30 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.sopitas.com/noticias/huracan-willa-danos-3-mil-650-millones-pesos-nayarit/ |date=20190731174544 }}</ref>。

锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州启动海洋计划，共计调遣1800名军人、163辆运输工具、八架飞机、15支地面部队、六艘舰船和三套移动厨房。[[墨西哥红十字会]]向两州提供4.4万公吨物资，其中运至纳亚里特州储藏室的有1.8万公吨，包括一千套卫生用品，另外2.6万公吨运至锡那罗亚州储藏室。此外，锡那罗亚州、纳亚里特州、哈利斯科州和[[瓜納華托州]]均开设收集中心。埃斯奎纳帕的罗萨里奥和克里斯托雷（{{lang|es|Cristo Rey}}）共有约178人疏散。军人利用移动厨房在纳亚里特州特夸拉（{{lang|es|Tecuala}}）分发约五百份食物。<ref>{{cite news | last = Mejía | first = Ximena | title = Cruz Roja envía apoyo a damnificados de Nayarit y Sinaloa | url = https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/cruz-roja-envia-apoyo-a-damnificados-de-nayarit-y-sinaloa/1274176 | work = Excelsior | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174542/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/cruz-roja-envia-apoyo-a-damnificados-de-nayarit-y-sinaloa/1274176 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/cruz-roja-envia-apoyo-a-damnificados-de-nayarit-y-sinaloa/1274176 |date=20190731174542 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Moya | first = Ricardo | title = Activan fase de auxilio del Plan Marina en Nayarit y Sinaloa por "Willa" | url = https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/activan-fase-de-auxilio-del-plan-marina-en-nayarit-y-sinaloa-por-willa | work = El Universal | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200527103209/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/activan-fase-de-auxilio-del-plan-marina-en-nayarit-y-sinaloa-por-willa | archive-date = 2020-05-27 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/activan-fase-de-auxilio-del-plan-marina-en-nayarit-y-sinaloa-por-willa |date=20181103222453 }}</ref>图斯潘自治区政府向灾民提供1270公吨食品、水、衣物、药品及其他物资<ref name="ladobe" />。纳亚里特州官员向该州北部受灾最严重的地区派出76辆汽车运载医疗物资<ref name="nay25" />。哈利斯科州民防和消防机构利用水运工具向图斯潘自治区运送物资并评估纳亚里特州所受破坏<ref>{{cite news | title = Protección Civil Jalisco apoya en Nayarit a afectados por ''Willa'' | url = https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Proteccion-Civil-Jalisco-apoya-en-Nayarit-a-afectados-por-Willa-20181025-0074.html | work = Informador | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134344/https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Proteccion-Civil-Jalisco-apoya-en-Nayarit-a-afectados-por-Willa-20181025-0074.html | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Proteccion-Civil-Jalisco-apoya-en-Nayarit-a-afectados-por-Willa-20181025-0074.html |date=20190801134344 }}</ref>。政府官员下令本是收费公路的墨西哥15{{lang|en|D}}号联邦公路免费通行一周，并为因飓风流离失所的灾民提供110万墨西哥比索（合5.7万美元）损款<ref>{{cite news | first = Myriam | last = Navarro | title = Exitosa colecta para damnificados de Willa olvidados por el gobierno | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-11-25 | work = La Jornada | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181126113032/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/11/25/estados/027n3est?partner=rss | url = https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/11/25/estados/027n3est?partner=rss | archive-date = 2018-11-26 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/11/25/estados/027n3est?partner=rss |date=20181126113032 }}</ref>。墨西哥总检察长办公室向锡那罗亚州和纳亚里特州提供11公吨粮食和半吨药品，并派出四名医生<ref>{{cite news | title = Trasladan 11 toneladas de víveres a Sinaloa y Nayarit por daños causados por huracán ‘Willa’ | url = https://aristeguinoticias.com/3010/mexico/trasladan-11-toneladas-de-viveres-a-sinaloa-y-nayarit-por-danos-causados-por-huracan-willa/ | work = Aristegui Noticias | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731171327/https://aristeguinoticias.com/3010/mexico/trasladan-11-toneladas-de-viveres-a-sinaloa-y-nayarit-por-danos-causados-por-huracan-willa/ | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/3010/mexico/trasladan-11-toneladas-de-viveres-a-sinaloa-y-nayarit-por-danos-causados-por-huracan-willa/ |date=20190731171327 }}</ref>。[[救助儿童会]]（{{lang|en|Save the Children}}）向纳亚里特州儿童提供八百套卫生用品，还开设17家餐饮设施，为近三千儿童提供饮食，但位于博斯克岛（{{lang|es|Isla del Bosque}}）、埃斯奎纳帕和蒂卡潘（{{lang|es|Teacapán}}）的设施因供电不足关闭<ref>{{cite news | title = Huracán Willa: pequeñas comunidades de Sinaloa continúan afectadas | url = https://www.elsoldetijuana.com.mx/mexico/sociedad/huracan-willa-pequenas-comunidades-de-sinaloa-continuan-afectadas-2379372.html | work = El Sol de Tijuana | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-10-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731171337/https://www.elsoldetijuana.com.mx/mexico/sociedad/huracan-willa-pequenas-comunidades-de-sinaloa-continuan-afectadas-2379372.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elsoldetijuana.com.mx/mexico/sociedad/huracan-willa-pequenas-comunidades-de-sinaloa-continuan-afectadas-2379372.html |date=20190731171337 }}</ref>。

据墨西哥石油公司提供的消息，风暴过后瓜納華托州汽油短缺，估计主要原因是基础设施受损及偷油行为增多。部分港口无法卸油，偷油行为还导致部分运油管道关闭，其中图拉至[[萨拉曼卡]]段管道因偷油贼破坏而需封闭维修。<ref>{{cite news | title = Robo de combustible deja con desabasto de gasolina a Guanajuato | url = https://lopezdoriga.com/nacional/robo-de-combustible-deja-con-desabasto-de-gasolina-a-guanajuato/ | work = Lopez-Doriga | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021838/https://lopezdoriga.com/nacional/robo-de-combustible-deja-con-desabasto-de-gasolina-a-guanajuato/ | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://lopezdoriga.com/nacional/robo-de-combustible-deja-con-desabasto-de-gasolina-a-guanajuato/ |date=20190801021838 }}</ref>

锡那罗亚州州长[[基里诺·奥尔达斯·科珀尔]]（{{lang|es|Quirino Ordaz Coppel}}）宣布七个自治区进入紧急状态<ref>{{cite news | last = Ibarra | first = Aarón | date = 2018-10-24 | title = Descarta Quirino Ordaz muertes por paso de huracán 'Willa' | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = Ríodoce | url = https://riodoce.mx/2018/10/24/descarta-quirino-ordaz-muertes-por-paso-de-huracan-willa/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190421204325/https://riodoce.mx/noticias/descarta-quirino-ordaz-muertes-por-paso-de-huracan-willa | archive-date = 2019-04-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://riodoce.mx/2018/10/24/descarta-quirino-ordaz-muertes-por-paso-de-huracan-willa/ |date=20190421204325 }}</ref>。11月5日，[[锡那罗亚多拉多斯队]]教练[[迭戈·马拉多纳]]主持慈善晚宴，为威拉和[[2018年第19E号热带低气压|第19E号热带低气压]]的灾民提供财政援助<ref>{{cite news | title = Maradona apoya a los damnificados por el huracán Willa | url = https://www.esto.com.mx/397203-ultimas-noticias-liga-mx-ascenso-mx-huracan-willa-sinaloa-397203/ | website = Esto | accessdate = 2020-06-20 | date = 2018-11-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190105033029/https://www.esto.com.mx/397203-ultimas-noticias-liga-mx-ascenso-mx-huracan-willa-sinaloa-397203/ | archive-date = 2019-01-05 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.esto.com.mx/397203-ultimas-noticias-liga-mx-ascenso-mx-huracan-willa-sinaloa-397203/ |date=20190105033029 }}</ref>。

墨西哥国家民防协调会将纳亚里特州阿卡波内塔、华吉科里、德尔纳亚尔（{{lang|es|Del Nayar}}、特夸拉、[[罗萨莫拉达]]（{{lang|es|Rosamorada}}）、[[鲁伊斯 (纳亚里特州)|鲁伊斯]]（{{lang|es|Ruiz}}）、[[圣地亚哥伊克斯昆特拉]]（{{lang|es|Santiago Ixcuintla}}）和图斯潘列为灾区<ref>{{cite news | last = Arellano | first = Salvador | title = Declaran zona de desastre a 8 municipios de Nayarit por huracán ‘Willa’ | url = https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/declaran-zona-de-desastre-a-8-municipios-de-nayarit-por-hurac%C3%A1n-%E2%80%98willa%E2%80%99/ar-BBPbsDI#page=2 | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = MSN | date = 2018-10-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174545/https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/declaran-zona-de-desastre-a-8-municipios-de-nayarit-por-hurac%25C3%25A1n-%25E2%2580%2598willa%25E2%2580%2599/ar-BBPbsDI#page=2 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/declaran-zona-de-desastre-a-8-municipios-de-nayarit-por-hurac%C3%A1n-%E2%80%98willa%E2%80%99/ar-BBPbsDI#page=2 |date=20190731174545 }}</ref>。另据报导，锡那罗亚州[[埃斯奎纳帕德伊达尔戈|埃斯奎纳帕自治区]]两千余户家庭在飓风过去半年后仍然在塑料棚中生活。此外，市长埃米特·索托·格雷夫（{{lang|en|Emmet Soto Grave}}）称，上届政府汇报灾情时存在多处违规。10月23至28日，市政府统计的受损房屋数量仅144套，但实际受风暴影响的超过两千。[[墨西哥总统]][[洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔]]派联邦官员前往调查，发现公路、教育设施和旅游景点的破坏情况报告存在更多不尽不实之处。<ref>{{cite news | first = Adriana | last = Carlos | title = En Sinaloa, aún hay más de 2 mil viviendo en casas provisionales por 'Willa' | url = https://www.milenio.com/estados/sinaloa-2-mil-viviendo-casas-provisionales-willa | work = Milenio | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2019-03-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911044958/https://www.milenio.com/estados/sinaloa-2-mil-viviendo-casas-provisionales-willa | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.milenio.com/estados/sinaloa-2-mil-viviendo-casas-provisionales-willa |date=20190420211707 }}</ref>气旋消散后的一个月里，墨西哥国家水资源委员会称[[巴鲁阿特河]]（{{lang|en|Baluarte River}}）的[[铬]]、[[汞]]和[[镍]]含量大幅上升<ref>{{cite news | first = Sibely | last = Cañedo | title = Tras el Huracán Willa, suben niveles de metales en río Baluarte | archive-date = 2019-04-20 | deadurl = no | url = https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/huracan-willa-azoto-en-el-sur-y-niveles-de-cromo-niquel-y-mercurio-subieron-en-rio-baluarte-1159453 | work = Noroeste | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2019-03-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190420213713/https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/huracan-willa-azoto-en-el-sur-y-niveles-de-cromo-niquel-y-mercurio-subieron-en-rio-baluarte-1159453 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones/view/huracan-willa-azoto-en-el-sur-y-niveles-de-cromo-niquel-y-mercurio-subieron-en-rio-baluarte-1159453 |date=20190420213713 }}</ref>。威拉产生的强烈阵风令各地芒果园损失惨重，产量大跌五成至七五成，相当于损失七万公吨芒果或1.33万公顷果园绝收<ref>{{cite news | title = Huracán 'Willa' golpeó producción de mango en Sinaloa | url = https://www.nnc.mx/categoria/sinaloa/huracan--willa--golpeo-produccion-de-mango-en-sinaloa/1559960245 | work = NNC.mx | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2019-06-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731171328/https://www.nnc.mx/articulo/sinaloa/huracan--willa--golpeo-produccion-de-mango-en-sinaloa/1559960245 | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nnc.mx/categoria/sinaloa/huracan--willa--golpeo-produccion-de-mango-en-sinaloa/1559960245 |date=20190731171328 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Rochín | first = Victor | title = Daños por el huracán Willa, provocan caída en la producción de mango en el sur de Sinaloa | url = https://tvpacifico.mx/noticias/234151-danos-por-el-huracan-willa-provocan-caida-en-la-produccion-de-mango-en-el-sur-de-sinaloa | work = Televisoras del Pacífico | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2019-07-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731171328/https://tvpacifico.mx/noticias/234151-danos-por-el-huracan-willa-provocan-caida-en-la-produccion-de-mango-en-el-sur-de-sinaloa | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://tvpacifico.mx/noticias/234151-danos-por-el-huracan-willa-provocan-caida-en-la-produccion-de-mango-en-el-sur-de-sinaloa |date=20190731171328 }}</ref>，导致至少1200户农民需要贷款<ref>{{cite news | first = Claudia | last = Cabanillas | title = Precios del mango se verán 'castigados' en Sinaloa | url = https://www.elsoldemazatlan.com.mx/finanzas/precios-del-mango-se-veran-castigados-en-sinaloa-2981404.html | work = El Sol de Mazatlán | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2019-01-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174555/https://www.elsoldemazatlan.com.mx/finanzas/precios-del-mango-se-veran-castigados-en-sinaloa-2981404.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elsoldemazatlan.com.mx/finanzas/precios-del-mango-se-veran-castigados-en-sinaloa-2981404.html |date=20190731174555 }}</ref>。马萨特兰市长向埃斯奎纳帕提供两台起重机和三辆倾卸卡车，并派遣60名工人前往<ref name="Support" />。风暴过去数月后，罗萨里奥部分社区依然面临饮用水短缺<ref name="Rosario" />。

受圣佩德罗河与阿卡波內塔河沿线洪灾影响，风暴过后第一周至少有18万人缺乏食品且无法同外界联络<ref name="Shrimp" />。部分居民家中满是河泥，只能完全自力清理<ref>{{cite news | title = Damnificados de Nayarit viven bajo el lodo tras paso de ‘Willa’ | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/damnificados-de-nayarit-viven-bajo-el-lodo-tras-paso-de-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-11-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321120640/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/damnificados-de-nayarit-viven-bajo-el-lodo-tras-paso-de-willa/ | archive-date = 2020-03-21 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/damnificados-de-nayarit-viven-bajo-el-lodo-tras-paso-de-willa/ |date=20200321120632 }}</ref>。纳亚里特州灾民在飓风过后一个半月里都只得到救灾援助组织的帮助，感觉仿佛“被政府抛弃”。图斯潘的学校设施受损，所以长期停课。阿卡波内塔小镇桑多瓦莱斯（{{lang|es|Los Sandovales}}）毁于一旦，大量居民无家可归<ref>{{cite news | title = Nayarit, paralizado por falta de ayuda tras paso de huracán ‘Willa’ | url = https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-paralizado-por-falta-de-ayuda-tras-paso-de-huracan-willa/ | work = Noticieros Televisa | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-12-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200408083928/https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-paralizado-por-falta-de-ayuda-tras-paso-de-huracan-willa/ | archive-date = 2020-04-08 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/nayarit-paralizado-por-falta-de-ayuda-tras-paso-de-huracan-willa/ |date=20190810180452 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = TRAGEDIA: Poderoso huracán “Willa” destruye un pueblo de México | url = https://laverdadnoticias.com/mexico/TRAGEDIA-Poderoso-huracan-Willa-destruye-un-pueblo-de-Mexico-20181102-0054.html | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = La Verdad Noticias | date = 2018-11-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911045630/https://laverdadnoticias.com/mexico/TRAGEDIA-Poderoso-huracan-Willa-destruye-un-pueblo-de-Mexico-20181102-0054.html | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://laverdadnoticias.com/mexico/TRAGEDIA-Poderoso-huracan-Willa-destruye-un-pueblo-de-Mexico-20181102-0054.html |date=20190731174548 }}</ref>。灾难过后几周里，纳亚里特州政府宣布政府已经破产，无法为重建提供资金<ref>{{cite news | title = Nayarit, entre la crisis financiera y los daños de "Willa" | url = https://lasillarota.com/estados/nayarit-entre-la-crisis-financiera-y-los-danos-de-willa-nayarit-deuda-publica-huracan-willa/258512 | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = La Silla Rota | date = 2018-11-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911041859/https://lasillarota.com/estados/nayarit-entre-la-crisis-financiera-y-los-danos-de-willa-nayarit-deuda-publica-huracan-willa/258512 | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://lasillarota.com/estados/nayarit-entre-la-crisis-financiera-y-los-danos-de-willa-nayarit-deuda-publica-huracan-willa/258512 |date=20190801134359 }}</ref><ref name="Nayarit bankrupt" />。2019年，墨西哥政府宣布为纳亚里特州受灾自治区重建提供2.5亿墨西哥比索（合1040万美元），计划从二月开始重建<ref name="Govt Contribution">{{cite news | title = ¡Por fin!, Reconstrucción de Nayarit tras huracán Willa inicia en febrero | url = https://vallartaindependiente.com/2019/01/28/por-fin-reconstruccion-de-nayarit-tras-huracan-willa-inicia-en-febrero/ | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = Vallarta Independiente | date = 2019-01-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200911052239/https://vallartaindependiente.com/2019/01/28/por-fin-reconstruccion-de-nayarit-tras-huracan-willa-inicia-en-febrero/ | archive-date = 2020-09-11 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://vallartaindependiente.com/2019/01/28/por-fin-reconstruccion-de-nayarit-tras-huracan-willa-inicia-en-febrero/ |date=20190801134345 }}</ref>。联邦救济基金共向图斯潘、罗萨莫拉达、特夸拉、阿卡波内塔和华吉科里拨款2319万墨西哥比索（合96.1万美元），当地533户居民各获得三万墨西哥比索（合1250美元）用于修复房屋。两名联邦官员向另外30户住房完全被毁的居民各提供12万墨西哥比索（合五千美元）。<ref>{{cite news | last = Navarro | first = Myriam | title = Entregan hasta 120 mil pesos a familias damnificadas por ‘Willa’ | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = La Jornada | date = 2019-03-28 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134348/https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2019/03/28/entregan-recursos-por-120-mil-pesos-a-damnificados-por-2018willa2019-878.html | archivedate = 2019-08-01 | url = https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2019/03/28/entregan-recursos-por-120-mil-pesos-a-damnificados-por-2018willa2019-878.html | dead-url = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/estados/2019/03/28/entregan-recursos-por-120-mil-pesos-a-damnificados-por-2018willa2019-878.html |date=20190801134348 }}</ref>墨西哥政府还为公路、桥梁、学校和医院等公共基础设施重建拨款20亿墨西哥比索（合8360万美元）<ref name="Govt Contribution" />。估计纳亚里特州公共基础设施的修复成本约为22亿墨西哥比索（合9200万美元）<ref name="Nayarit Infrastructure" />，清理该州交通要道淤泥的开支估计就要3900万墨西哥比索（合160万美元）<ref>{{cite news | last = Méndez | first = Karla | title = Sedatu realiza censo de viviendas dañadas por ‘Willa’ en Nayarit | url = https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/sedatu-realiza-censo-de-viviendas-danadas-por-willa-en-nayarit/1278509 | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = Excelsior | date = 2018-11-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134354/https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/sedatu-realiza-censo-de-viviendas-danadas-por-willa-en-nayarit/1278509 | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/sedatu-realiza-censo-de-viviendas-danadas-por-willa-en-nayarit/1278509 |date=20190801134354 }}</ref>。墨西哥国家级百货公司[[科珀尔]]（{{lang|es|Coppel}}）从墨西哥政府获得6600万墨西哥比索（合280万美元），用于向4400户家庭各提供价值1.5万墨西哥比索（合625美元）的家具和家电优惠卷<ref name="Nayarit Infrastructure">{{cite news | last = Cancino | first = Karina | title = Coppel recibe 66 mdp por programa de apoyo para damnificados del huracán 'Willa' | url = https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/coppel-recibe-66-mdp-por-programa-de-apoyo-para-damnificados-del-huracan-willa-en-nayarit | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = El Financiero | publisher = Bloomberg | date = 2018-12-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190801134344/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/coppel-recibe-66-mdp-por-programa-de-apoyo-para-damnificados-del-huracan-willa-en-nayarit | archive-date = 2019-08-01 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/coppel-recibe-66-mdp-por-programa-de-apoyo-para-damnificados-del-huracan-willa-en-nayarit |date=20190801134344 }}</ref>。由于丰登资源不足，锡那罗亚州灾民只能自掏腰包重建家园。该州向灾民提供价值两百万墨西哥比索（合10.1万美元）但已经腐烂的床单，同时允许灾民获取储藏室内的物资，目的是换取小企业主价值1800至一万墨西哥比索（合90至500美元）的赞助信。<ref>{{cite news | title = Sinaloa asegura que superó contingencia por Willa; datos de reconstrucción no son públicos, acusan ONG | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no | url = https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/11/sinaloa-emergencia-willa-reconstruccion/ | work = Animal Politico | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2018-11-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174546/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/11/sinaloa-emergencia-willa-reconstruccion/ }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/11/sinaloa-emergencia-willa-reconstruccion/ |date=20190731174546 }}</ref>锡那罗亚州官员声称，丰登可能需要三年才能凑足修复工程所需资金<ref>{{cite news | last = Gamboa Parra | first = Jose Luis | title = Sinaloa tendrá que esperar tres años para recibir el apoyo de Fonden | url = https://www.tribuna.com.mx/mexico/Sinaloa-tendra-que-esperar-tres-anos-para-recibir-el-apoyo-de-Fonden-20181103-0009.html | work = Tribuna | accessdate = 2019-07-31 | date = 2018-11-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174542/https://www.tribuna.com.mx/mexico/Sinaloa-tendra-que-esperar-tres-anos-para-recibir-el-apoyo-de-Fonden-20181103-0009.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.tribuna.com.mx/mexico/Sinaloa-tendra-que-esperar-tres-anos-para-recibir-el-apoyo-de-Fonden-20181103-0009.html |date=20190731174542 }}</ref>。丰登已授权为飓风威拉的灾后重建提供总额8470万墨西哥比索（合430万美元）资金，但这笔钱一直不知所踪，风暴过去几个月后，修复工作仍未开始<ref name="Rosario" />。洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔总统到包括马萨特兰市在内的锡那罗亚州多地视察后，丰登又为埃斯奎纳帕和罗萨里奥提供5.1亿墨西哥比索（合2390万美元）用于救灾<ref>{{cite news | last = Ibarra | first = Maria | title = Fonden entregaría 510 mdp para reconstrucción del sur | url = https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/sinaloa/Fonden-entregaria-510-mdp-para-reconstruccion-del-sur-20190131-0006.html | work = Debate | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | date = 2019-01-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174541/https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/sinaloa/Fonden-entregaria-510-mdp-para-reconstruccion-del-sur-20190131-0006.html | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.debate.com.mx/sinaloa/sinaloa/Fonden-entregaria-510-mdp-para-reconstruccion-del-sur-20190131-0006.html |date=20190731174541 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Recursos llegarán, pero tomará tiempo: AMLO a damnificados de Willa en Nayarit | url = https://aristeguinoticias.com/2501/mexico/recursos-llegaran-pero-tomara-tiempo-amlo-a-damnificados-de-willa-en-nayarit/ | accessdate = 2020-09-24 | work = Aristegui Noticias | date = 2019-01-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190731174542/https://aristeguinoticias.com/2501/mexico/recursos-llegaran-pero-tomara-tiempo-amlo-a-damnificados-de-willa-en-nayarit/ | archive-date = 2019-07-31 | deadurl = no }} {{Wayback|url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/2501/mexico/recursos-llegaran-pero-tomara-tiempo-amlo-a-damnificados-de-willa-en-nayarit/ |date=20190731174542 }}</ref>。

== 注释 ==
{{Reflist|group="注"}}

== 参见 ==
{{Portal|热带气旋}}
* [[五级太平洋飓风列表]]
* [[1975年飓风奥利维亚]]：以相似路线移动并袭击锡那罗亚州的三级飓风<ref name="1975mwr" />。
* [[飓风肯纳]]：2002年同样经过类似路线并[[快速增强]]的五级飓风，后以四级飓风强度吹袭纳亚里特州<ref name="Kenna TCR" />。
* [[2009年飓风里克]]：2002年同样经过类似路线并[[快速增强]]的五级飓风，后以热带风暴强度登陆锡那罗亚州<ref name="Rick TCR">{{cite report | last1 = Cangialosi | first1 = John | last2 = Avila | first2 = Lixion | date = 2009-12-03 | title = Hurricane Rick | url = https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP202009_Rick.pdf | format = PDF | series = Tropical Cyclone Report | publisher = National Hurricane Center | accessdate = 2020-09-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200808045739/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP202009_Rick.pdf | deadurl = no | archivedate = 2020-08-08 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/EP202009_Rick.pdf |date=20200808045739 }}</ref>。
* [[颶風派翠莎]]：有纪录以来最强烈的太平洋飓风，最大持续风速高达每小时345公里，2015年经类似路线移动并以四级飓风强度袭击哈利斯科州<ref name="Patricia TCR" />。

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{commons category|Hurricane Willa (2018)}}
* 美国国家飓风中心[https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/WILLA.shtml 飓风威拉公告存档] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2018/WILLA.shtml |date=20220122051528 }}
{{五级太平洋飓风}}
{{2018年太平洋颶風季}}
{{NWS}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Willa (2018)}}
[[Category:2018年墨西哥]]
[[Category:2018年太平洋颶風季]]
[[Category:五级太平洋飓风]]
[[Category:影响墨西哥的太平洋飓风]]
[[Category:影响德克萨斯州的热带气旋]]
{{Featured article}}

title: 飓风威拉

最高風速: 1分鐘持續： 160英里/小時（260公里/小時）

最低氣壓: 925毫巴（百帕）；27.32英寸汞柱

死亡: 共九人

影響地區: 中美洲、墨西哥、德克萨斯州