text:
# Death of Stanislav Tomáš
On 19 June 2021, Stanislav Tomáš, a Romani man in Teplice, Czech Republic, died after several police officers pinned him to the ground and knelt on his neck for several minutes. The death was filmed and the video went viral, leading to comparisons with the murder of George Floyd in the United States and led to protests against antiziganism.

## Background
Romani people (Czech: Romové) are an ethnic minority in the Czech Republic, currently making up 2–3% of the population. Since the creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918, the Romani population have experienced considerable hardship, having been a main target of Nazi extermination programs during World War II, and the subject of forced relocation, the building of Roma walls to enforce segregation, and other discriminatory social policies during the Communist era. Romani people continue to be targeted by far-right groups in the Czech Republic, which spread anti-Romanyism. Among highly publicized cases was the Vítkov arson attack of 2009. A 2010 survey found that 83% of Czechs consider Roma asocial and 45% of Czechs would like to expel them from the Czech Republic, and a 2019 Pew Research poll found that 66% of Czechs held unfavorable views of Roma.

## Death
On 19 June 2021, Tomáš, a 46-year-old Romani man, was arrested by Czech police in Teplice. Multiple eyewitnesses stated that he was arrested while attempting to prevent the vandalism of a car. Video footage of the arrest that was captured by witnesses showed several police officers pinning him to the ground and kneeling on his neck and back. During the arrest, Tomáš cried out repeatedly in distress and several onlookers attempted to warn the police that he could not breathe. Tomáš died shortly afterwards in an ambulance.
Police denied any involvement in the death. An official police statement claimed that a court-ordered autopsy had found no connection between Tomáš' death and the actions of the police and that he had instead died of an amphetamine overdose. The Czech police later posted a video on Twitter titled "No Czech Floyd" showing an unidentified half-naked man fighting with another next to a car.
On 30 June 2021, Tomáš' family announced that they would be filing a criminal complaint against Czech police with the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC). ERRC president Đorđe Jovanović stated that "police harassment, ethnic profiling, brutality, torture, and sometimes even death is the experience for many Roma in Europe when they interact with law enforcement."
After the forensic autopsy and expert opinion, it was announced that the man died of heart failure, which was allegedly not related to the police officer kneeling on his neck in an identical maneuvre to that which killed George Floyd, but rather it was related to his usage of illegal substances that affected not only his heart but also his blood vessels.
On 13 December 2021, the Deputy Ombudsperson (Public Defender of Rights), Monika Šimůnková, published a report which found that the police officers had made at least three significant errors in the arrest of Stanislav Tomáš. For example, the police account stated that Tomáš "rose from the ground on his own, although he was sluggish." However, Šimůnková's report quotes a paramedic's testimony:
(The patient's) hands were cuffed behind his back. The officers were pinning him to the ground just by one arm so that he wouldn't run away. When I approached the patient, I ascertained that he was lying on his abdomen, making no noise, and I checked his carotid artery, but no pulse could be felt. At that moment the patient's circulatory system had stopped, i.e., he was not breathing. Subsequently I insisted he immediately be placed on a stretcher and put into the ambulance.

## Reactions
Jan Hamáček, the Czech Minister of the Interior, stated that the police had his full support and that "anybody under the influence of addictive substances who breaks the law has to count on the police intervening." His statement was made in the immediate aftermath of the death and long before the results of the autopsy had been released.
The Council of Europe called for "an urgent, thorough, and independent investigation" into the death. Amnesty International also called for an investigation into the death, stating that kneeling on the neck as a form of restraint was "reckless, unnecessary and disproportionate, and therefore unlawful" and that the Czech government's statements defending the police "can only be understood as giving carte blanche for law enforcement officials to resort to unnecessary or excessive use of force when handling with any person under the influence of drugs, providing a dangerous sense of impunity and being above the law." The Czech Government Council for Romani Minority Affairs stated that "the obvious similarity between this case and the death of the African-American George Floyd after a police intervention in the USA in June 2020 using very similar techniques raises a subject of basic interest to all of society about whether police are using force proportionately during their interventions."
Sebijan Fejzula of the University of Coimbra stated that "the death of Stanislav Tomáš is not an isolated case" and that "Roma are victims of permanent state terror, yet, there is little discussion around the issue of police brutality as a result of structural racism."

## Protests
After growing criticism on police brutality against Romani people, on June 26 people in Teplice commemorated his death, with some coming from as far away as Hungary and Slovakia.
Commemorations organised by Romani NGOs were held in several European cities: On June 25 in Berlin, organised by RomaTrial e.V. On June 27 in Vienna, organised by the Hochschüler*innenschaft Österreichischer Roma und Romnja (HÖR).
On 6 July Kosovo Romani people demonstrated in Pristina and in front of the Czech embassy to Kosovo.

## Aftermath
In March 2022, the General Inspection of Security Forces (GIBS) published the results of their internal investigation into the case. They stated that the police intervention was done in a standard manner, and it was not connected with the subsequent death of the suspect in any way whatsoever. The European Roma Rights Centre called the statement "a denial of justice," while Amnesty International stated that there was "major doubts" about the independence and comprehensiveness of the investigation.
The Czech Constitutional Court dismissed a constitutional appeal in April 2023 brought by the European Roma Rights Centre and the Forum for Human Rights. In August 2023, the organisations filed a case before the European Court of Human Rights on behalf of Tomáš' sister.

title: Death of Stanislav Tomáš

wikitext:
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}

On 19 June 2021, '''Stanislav Tomáš''', a [[Romani people|Romani man]] in [[Teplice]], Czech Republic, died after several police officers pinned him to the ground and knelt on his neck for several minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gosling |first=Tim |date=29 June 2021 |title=Roma see little hope as they mourn 'Czech George Floyd' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/29/roma-see-little-hope-as-they-mourn-czech-george-floyd |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Heková |first=Tereza |last2=Ryšavý |first2=Zdeněk |date=24 July 2021 |title=Stanislav Tomáš, who died in police custody, laid to rest in Teplice, Czech Republic. Civil society and his family call for his death to be properly investigated |url=http://www.romea.cz/en/news/czech/stanislav-tomas-who-died-in-police-custody-laid-to-rest-in-teplice-czech-republic.civil-society-and-his-family-call-for-his |website=Romea.cz}}</ref> The death was filmed and the video went viral, leading to comparisons with the [[murder of George Floyd]] in the United States and led to protests against [[antiziganism]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolf |first=Thembi |date=22 June 2021 |title="Tschechischer George Floyd": Video zeigt Polizeieinsatz, der später tödlich endete |trans-title="Czech Floyd": Video shows police operation that later fatally ended |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/tschechischer-floyd-video-zeigt-polizeieinsatz-der-spater-todlich-endete/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=[[Vice Media]] |language=de}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[Romani people]] ({{langx|cs|Romové}}) are an ethnic minority in the [[Czech Republic]], currently making up 2–3% of the population. Since the creation of [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]] in 1918, the Romani population have experienced considerable hardship, having been a main target of [[Porajmos|Nazi extermination programs]] during [[World War II]], and the subject of forced relocation, the building of [[Roma wall]]s to enforce [[Racial segregation|segregation]], and other discriminatory social policies during the [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|Communist era]].<ref name="ray">{{cite news |title=Czechs pull down Gypsy wall |first=Ray |last=Furlong |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/534383.stm |newspaper=[[BBC]] |date=November 24, 1999 |access-date=7 July 2013}}</ref> Romani people continue to be targeted by far-right groups in the Czech Republic, which spread anti-Romanyism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benstead |first=Sean |date=18 July 2021 |title=Europe's Romani Population Can't Breathe |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2021/07/europe-roma-czech-republic-stanislav-tomas-police-killing-world-romani-congress-movement |website=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]}}</ref> Among highly publicized cases was the [[Vítkov arson attack of 2009]]. A 2010 survey found that 83% of Czechs consider Roma asocial and 45% of Czechs would like to expel them from the Czech Republic, and a 2019 [[Pew Research Center|Pew Research poll]] found that 66% of Czechs held unfavorable views of Roma.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/10/14/minority-groups/|title=European Public Opinion Three Decades After the Fall of Communism — 6. Minority groups|date=14 October 2019|work=Pew Research Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Šťastný |first=Jeiří |date=9 December 2010 |title=Češi propadají anticikánismu, každý druhý tu Romy nechce, zjistil průzkum |url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/cesi-propadaji-anticikanismu-kazdy-druhy-tu-romy-nechce-zjistil-pruzkum-1qx-/domaci.asp?c=A101209_161615_domaci_js |access-date=17 May 2012 |website=iDNES.cz |publisher= |language=cs}}</ref>

== Death ==
On 19 June 2021, Tomáš, a 46-year-old [[Romani people|Romani man]], was arrested by Czech police in [[Teplice]]. Multiple eyewitnesses stated that he was arrested while attempting to prevent the vandalism of a car. Video footage of the arrest that was captured by witnesses showed several police officers pinning him to the ground and kneeling on his neck and back. During the arrest, Tomáš cried out repeatedly in distress and several onlookers attempted to warn the police that he could not breathe. Tomáš died shortly afterwards in an ambulance.<ref name="Koslerova 2021">{{cite news |last=Koslerova |first=Anna |date=2021-06-23 |title=Death of Romany man knelt on by Czech police must be 'investigated urgently' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/jun/23/death-of-romany-man-knelt-on-by-czech-police-must-be-investigated-urgently |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

Police denied any involvement in the death.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Ian P. |date=22 June 2021 |title=Czech police deny knee-on-neck arrest led to Roma's death |url=https://www.dw.com/en/czech-police-deny-george-floyd-knee-on-neck-arrest-led-to-roma-mans-death/a-58002946 |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> An official police statement claimed that a court-ordered autopsy had found no connection between Tomáš' death and the actions of the police and that he had instead died of an amphetamine overdose.<ref>{{cite news |last=Westfall |first=Sammy |date=23 June 2021 |title=Activists see George Floyd parallels in video of Czech police officer kneeling on Roma man who later died |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/22/roma-george-floyd-czech-police/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The Czech police later posted a video on Twitter titled "No Czech Floyd" showing an unidentified half-naked man fighting with another next to a car.<ref name="Gosling 2021">{{cite news |last=Gosling |first=Tim |date=2021-06-23 |title='Czech Floyd' Illustrates Struggles of Roma Lives Matter |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/06/23/czech-floyd-illustrates-struggles-of-roma-lives-matter/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=[[Balkan Insight]]}}</ref>

On 30 June 2021, Tomáš' family announced that they would be filing a criminal complaint against Czech police with the [[European Roma Rights Centre]] (ERRC). ERRC president Đorđe Jovanović stated that "police harassment, ethnic profiling, brutality, torture, and sometimes even death is the experience for many Roma in Europe when they interact with law enforcement."<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2021 |title=Family of Stanislav Tomáš File Criminal Complaint against Czech Police with ERRC Support |url=http://www.errc.org/press-releases/family-of-stanislav-tomas-file-criminal-complaint-against-czech-police-with-errc-support |website=[[European Roma Rights Centre]]}}</ref>

After the forensic autopsy and expert opinion, it was announced that the man died of heart failure, which was allegedly not related to the police officer kneeling on his neck in an identical maneuvre to that which killed [[George Floyd]], but rather it was related to his usage of illegal substances that affected not only his heart but also his blood vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomšů |first=Kristýna |date=8 March 2022 |title=Případ uzavřen. Policisté z Teplic za smrt Roma nemohou |trans-title=Case closed. Policemen from Teplice are not responsible for the Romani's death |url=https://www.novinky.cz/domaci/clanek/pripad-uzavren-policiste-z-teplic-za-smrt-roma-nemohou-40389655 |website=[[Novinky.cz]] |language=cs}}</ref>

On 13 December 2021, the Deputy Ombudsperson (Public Defender of Rights), Monika Šimůnková, published a report which found that the police officers had made at least three significant errors in the arrest of Stanislav Tomáš.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryšavý |first=Zdeněk |date=2021-12-13 |title=Czech Deputy Public Defender of Rights finds police officers made significant errors in the controversial arrest of Stanislav Tomáš |url=https://romea.cz/en/czech-republic/czech-deputy-public-defender-of-rights-finds-police-officers-made-significant-errors-in-the-controversial-arrest-of/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Romea.cz}}</ref> For example, the police account stated that Tomáš "rose from the ground on his own, although he was sluggish." However, Šimůnková's report quotes a paramedic's testimony:

{{block quote|(The patient's) hands were cuffed behind his back. The officers were pinning him to the ground just by one arm so that he wouldn't run away. When I approached the patient, I ascertained that he was lying on his abdomen, making no noise, and I checked his carotid artery, but no pulse could be felt. At that moment the patient's circulatory system had stopped, i.e., he was not breathing. Subsequently I insisted he immediately be placed on a stretcher and put into the ambulance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rorke| first=Bernard| title=Public Defender finds Czech police at fault in the death of Romani man Stanislav Tomáš |date=14 December 2021|url=http://www.errc.org/news/public-defender-finds-czech-police-at-fault-in-the-death-of-romani-man-stanislav-tomas |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=[[European Roma Rights Centre]]}}</ref>}}

== Reactions ==
[[Jan Hamáček]], the Czech [[Ministry of the Interior (Czech Republic)|Minister of the Interior]], stated that the police had his full support and that "anybody under the influence of addictive substances who breaks the law has to count on the police intervening."<ref name="Gosling 2021"/> His statement was made in the immediate aftermath of the death and long before the results of the autopsy had been released.

The [[Council of Europe]] called for "an urgent, thorough, and independent investigation" into the death.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2021 |title=Czech Republic: Council of Europe calls for urgent independent investigation into Romani man's death |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/czech-republic-council-of-europe-calls-for-urgent-independent-investigation-into-romani-man-s-death |website=[[Council of Europe]]}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] also called for an investigation into the death, stating that kneeling on the neck as a form of restraint was "reckless, unnecessary and disproportionate, and therefore unlawful" and that the Czech government's statements defending the police "can only be understood as giving carte blanche for law enforcement officials to resort to unnecessary or excessive use of force when handling with any person under the influence of drugs, providing a dangerous sense of impunity and being above the law."<ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Republic: Concerns over possible unlawful killing by the police |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur71/4329/2021/en/ |website=[[Amnesty International]] |date=2021-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026233506/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur71/4329/2021/en/ |archive-date=2022-10-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Czech Government Council for Romani Minority Affairs stated that "the obvious similarity between this case and the death of the African-American George Floyd after a police intervention in the USA in June 2020 using very similar techniques raises a subject of basic interest to all of society about whether police are using force proportionately during their interventions."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryšavý |first=Zdeněk |date=21 June 2021 |title=Civil society members of the Czech Govt Roma Council ask Interior Minister to prioritize the thorough investigation of the death of a Romani man after a police intervention |url=http://www.romea.cz/en/news/czech/civil-society-members-of-the-czech-govt-roma-council-ask-interior-minister-to-prioritize-the-thorough-investigation-of-the |website=Romea.cz}}</ref>

Sebijan Fejzula of the [[University of Coimbra]] stated that "the death of Stanislav Tomáš is not an isolated case" and that "Roma are victims of permanent state terror, yet, there is little discussion around the issue of police brutality as a result of structural racism."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fejzula |first=Sebijan |date=27 July 2021 |title=The Roma struggle from protests to political liberation |url=https://roarmag.org/essays/roma-protest-political-agenda/ |website=[[ROAR Magazine]]}}</ref>

== Protests ==
After growing criticism on [[police brutality]] against [[Romani people]], on June 26 people in Teplice commemorated his death, with some coming from as far away as Hungary and Slovakia.<ref>{{cite news |date=2021-06-28 |title='Roma Lives Matter': Protests Erupt in Teplice |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/06/28/roma-lives-matter-protests-erupt-in-teplice/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |work=[[Balkan Insight]]}}</ref>

Commemorations organised by Romani NGOs were held in several European cities: On June 25 in [[Berlin]], organised by RomaTrial e.V.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fava |first=Rosa |date=28 June 2021 |title=GEDENKEN AN STANISLAV TOMÁŠ IN BERLIN THEMATISIERT ANTIZIGANISMUS IN EUROPA |trans-title=Memory of Stanislav Tomáš in Berlin addresses antiziganism in Europe |url=https://www.belltower.news/demonstration-gedenken-an-stanislav-tomas-in-berlin-thematisiert-antiziganismus-in-europa-117803/ |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=belltower.news |language=de}}</ref> On June 27 in [[Vienna]], organised by the Hochschüler*innenschaft Österreichischer Roma und Romnja (HÖR).<ref>{{cite news |title=Mahnwache in Wien für Stanislav Tomáš |trans-title=Vigil in Vienna for Stanislav Tomáš |url=https://volksgruppen.orf.at/roma/meldungen/stories/3110334/ |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=[[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]] |language=de}}</ref>

On 6 July Kosovo Romani people demonstrated in [[Pristina]] and in front of the Czech embassy to Kosovo.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 July 2021 |title=Kosovar Protesters Honor Czech Romany Man Who Died In Police Custody |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-roma-rights-protest-czech-republic-stanislav-tomas/31344087.html |access-date=6 July 2021 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Isufi |first=Perparim |date=6 July 2021 |title=Roma in Kosovo Protest for Investigation of 'Czech Floyd' Death |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/07/06/roma-in-kosovo-protest-for-investigation-of-czech-floyd-death/ |access-date=6 July 2021 |work=[[Balkan Insight]]}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
In March 2022, the [[General Inspection of Security Forces]] (GIBS) published the results of their internal investigation into the case. They stated that the police intervention was done in a standard manner, and it was not connected with the subsequent death of the suspect in any way whatsoever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=Policisté smrt zatýkaného muže v Teplicích nezavinili, řekla inspekce |url=https://www.idnes.cz/usti/zpravy/zakrok-policie-zemrel-muz-teplice-gibs-vysetrovani-trestny.A220316_110019_usti-zpravy_klu |website=iDNES.cz |language=cs}}</ref> The [[European Roma Rights Centre]] called the statement "a denial of justice," while [[Amnesty International]] stated that there was "major doubts" about the independence and comprehensiveness of the investigation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ryšavý |first=Zdeněk |date=22 March 2022 |title=Czech and international organizations support bereaved family with Constitutional Court complaint over death of Stanislav Tomáš in police custody |url=http://www.romea.cz/en/news/czech/czech-and-international-organizations-support-bereaved-family-with-constitutional-court-complaint-over-death-of-stanislav |website=Romea.cz}}</ref>

The Czech Constitutional Court dismissed a constitutional appeal in April 2023 brought by the European Roma Rights Centre and the Forum for Human Rights. In August 2023, the organisations filed a case before the [[European Court of Human Rights]] on behalf of Tomáš' sister.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2023 |title=Roma Rights Activists Take Police Killing of Stanislav Tomáš to European Court |url=http://www.errc.org/press-releases/roma-rights-activists-take-police-killing-of-stanislav-tomas-to-european-court |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=[[European Roma Rights Centre]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tomáš, Stanislav}}
[[Category:June 2021 in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Czech Romani people]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:People who died in police custody]]
[[Category:Teplice]]
[[Category:Antiziganism in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Police brutality in Europe]]
[[Category:Police brutality in the 2020s]]


text:
# Данієл Премуш
Данієл Премуш  (хорв. Danijel Premuš, 15 квітня 1981) — хорватський та італійський ватерполіст, олімпійський медаліст. Премуш має подвійне громадянство. На Афінській олімпіаді він виступав за Хорватію, на Лондонській — за Італію.

## Виступи на Олімпіадах
| Олімпіада   | Дисципліна | Місце |
| ----------- | ---------- | ----- |
| Афіни 2004  | водне поло | 10    |
| Лондон 2012 | водне поло | 2     |

wikiname: ukwiki

title: Данієл Премуш

in_language: uk

wikitext:
{{Спортсмен
| ім'я = Danijel Premuš
| повне_ім'я =
| зображення =
| підпис =
| прізвисько =
| національність = [[хорвати|хорват]]
| місце_проживання =
| дата_народження = 15.4.1981
| місце_народження = [[Рієка]], [[Хорватія]]
| дата_смерті =
| місце_смерті =
| зріст = 186 см
| вага = 98 кг
| вебсторінка  =
| країна = [[Хорватія]], [[Італія]]
| вид_спорту = [[водне поло]]
| дисципліна =
| студентська_команда =
| клуб =  VK Primorje, Rijeka (CRO)
| команда =
| нац._збірна =
| статус_професіонала =
| тренери =
| завершення_виступів =
| тренує =
| світові =
| регіональні =
| національні =
| олімпійські =
| паралімпійські =
| найвищий_рейтинг =
| особисті_рекорди =
| медалі = {{MedalOlympic}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Літні Олімпійські ігри 2012|Лондон 2012]]| водне поло}}
| show-medals = yes
}}
'''Данієл Премуш ''' ({{lang-hr|Danijel Premuš}}, [[15 квітня]] [[1981]]) — [[Хорватія|хорватський]] та [[Італія|італійський]] [[водне поло|ватерполіст]], [[Олімпійські ігри|олімпійський]] медаліст. Премуш має подвійне громадянство. На Афінській олімпіаді він виступав за Хорватію, на Лондонській — за Італію.

== Виступи на Олімпіадах ==

{|class = "wikitable"
!Олімпіада!! Дисципліна!! Місце
|-
|[[Літні Олімпійські ігри 2004|Афіни 2004]] || водне поло || 10
|-
 |[[Літні Олімпійські ігри 2012|Лондон 2012]] || водне поло || 2
|-

|}

== Посилання ==
* [http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pr/danijel-premus-1.html Досьє на sport.references.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218133613/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pr/danijel-premus-1.html |date=18 грудня 2012 }}

{{ОІ 2012, Водне поло, чоловіча збірна Італії}}
{{sportsman-stub}}

{{Бібліоінформація}}

{{Портали|Біографії|Спорт}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Премуш Данієл}}
[[Категорія:Хорватські ватерполісти]]
[[Категорія:Ватерполісти та ватерполістки на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2004]]
[[Категорія:Уродженці Рієки]]
[[Категорія:Хорватські олімпійські ватерполісти та ватерполістки]]

title: Загальна інформація

Національність: хорват

Громадянство: Хорватія · Італія

Народження: 15 квітня 1981 (43 роки) · Рієка, Хорватія

Вага: 98 кг

title: Спорт

Країна: Хорватія, Італія

Вид спорту: водне поло

Клуб: VK Primorje, Rijeka (CRO)

title: Олімпійські ігри

Срібло: Лондон 2012 · водне поло


text:
# Michael Kolganov
Michail Kolganov (Tashkent, 24 ottobre 1974) è un canoista israeliano di origine sovietica, più noto con il nome di Michael.
È nato in Uzbekistan, ma dal 1997 ha gareggiato per Israele, vincendo anche due titoli mondiali.
Ha vinto una medaglia di bronzo alle Olimpiadi di Sydney 2000 nel K-1 500 m.

## Palmarès
- Olimpiadi

Sydney 2000: bronzo nel K1 500 m.
- Mondiali

1998: oro nel K1 200 m e argento nel K1 500 m.
1999: oro nel K1 200 m.
- Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint

Zagabria 1999: oro nel K2 200m, bronzo nel K1 500m e K1 1000m.
Poznań 2000: oro nel K1 1000m e argento nel K1 500m.
Milano 2001: argento nel K1 500m.
Račice 2006: bronzo nel K2 200m.

wikiname: itwiki

title: Michael Kolganov

in_language: it

wikitext:
{{S|canoisti}}
{{Sportivo
|Nome = Michael Kolganov
|Immagine =
|Didascalia =
|Sesso = M
|CodiceNazione = {{ISR}}
|Altezza =
|Peso =
|Disciplina = Canoa/kayak
|Specialità = K-1
|Palmares=
{{Palmarès
|cat = ISR
|competizione 1 = [[Giochi olimpici]]
 |oro 1 = 0
 |argento 1 = 0
 |bronzo 1 = 1
|competizione 2 = [[Campionati mondiali di canoa/kayak velocità|Campionati Mondiali]]
 |oro 2 = 2
 |argento 2 = 1
 |bronzo 2 = 0
|competizione 3 = [[Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint|Campionati Europei]]
 |oro 3 = 2
 |argento 3 = 2
 |bronzo 3 = 3
}}
|Aggiornato =
}}
{{Bio
|Nome = Michail
|Cognome = Kolganov
|Sesso = M
|LuogoNascita = Tashkent
|GiornoMeseNascita = 24 ottobre
|AnnoNascita = 1974
|LuogoMorte =
|GiornoMeseMorte =
|AnnoMorte =
|Epoca = 1900
|Epoca2 = 2000
|Attività = canoista
|Nazionalità = israeliano
|PostNazionalità = di origine [[Unione Sovietica|sovietica]], più noto con il nome di '''Michael'''
}}

È nato in [[Uzbekistan]], ma dal [[1997]] ha gareggiato per Israele, vincendo anche due titoli mondiali.
Ha vinto una medaglia di bronzo alle Olimpiadi di [[Giochi della XXVII Olimpiade|Sydney 2000]] nel K-1 500 m.

==Palmarès==
*[[Giochi olimpici estivi|Olimpiadi]]
:[[Giochi della XXVII Olimpiade|Sydney 2000]]: bronzo nel K1 500 m.

*[[Campionati mondiali di canoa/kayak velocità|Mondiali]]
:[[Campionati mondiali di canoa/kayak 1998|1998]]: oro nel K1 200 m e argento nel K1 500 m.
:[[Campionati mondiali di canoa/kayak 1999|1999]]: oro nel K1 200 m.

*[[Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint]]
:[[Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint 1999|Zagabria 1999]]: oro nel K2 200m, bronzo nel K1 500m e K1 1000m.
:[[Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint 2000|Poznań 2000]]: oro nel K1 1000m e argento nel K1 500m.
:[[Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint 2001|Milano 2001]]: argento nel K1 500m.
:[[Campionati europei di canoa/kayak sprint 2006|Račice 2006]]: bronzo nel K2 200m.

== Collegamenti esterni ==
* {{Collegamenti esterni}}

{{portale|biografie|sport}}

[[Categoria:Alfieri ai Giochi della XXIX Olimpiade]]
[[Categoria:Alfieri israeliani ai Giochi olimpici estivi]]

title: Michael Kolganov

Nazionalità: Israele

Peso: 89 kg

title: Canoa/kayak

title: Palmarès

Competizione: Ori · Argenti · Bronzi


text:
# Bo Holmberg
Bo Lindor Holmberg, född 17 november 1942 i Härnösand, död 11 februari 2010 i Sofia församling, Stockholm, var en svensk politiker (socialdemokrat) och ämbetsman.

## Biografi
Holmberg var son till reparatören Hans Bertil Holmberg (1920–1992) och affärsbiträdet Linnea Höglund (1923–2005). Han var mellan 1968 och 1987 gift med Margareta Sjölund och andra gången från 1991 med statsrådet Anna Lindh; han hade barn i båda äktenskapen.
Efter avslutad folkhögskola tog Holmberg socionomexamen 1968 och var därefter skolassistent, planeringssekreterare och politisk sekreterare. Han blev socialdemokratisk distriktsordförande i Ångermanland och ledamot av partistyrelsen 1978. Holmberg satt i kommunfullmäktige  i Härnösand 1971–1976, var ledamot av kommunstyrelsen där 1974–1976 samt ledamot av personalnämnden 1976 och av socialnämnden 1969–1973.
Holmberg var landstingsråd i Västernorrlands län 1976–1982. Efter riksdagsvalet 1982 utnämndes han till kommunminister – en post som den 1 januari 1983 bytte namn till civilminister. Han kvarstod på denna post till den 4 oktober 1988. Han blev riksdagsledamot 1985, invald för Västernorrlands läns valkrets.
Som minister med ansvar för mycket av kommunernas verksamhet hade Holmberg en positiv inställning till lokala lösningar och decentralisering, vilket skilde sig från socialdemokraternas inställning under 1970-talet. Han förespråkade bland annat offentliga tjänster i kooperativ form. Att han fick lämna regeringen 1988 har satts i sammanhang med att han fortsatte att motsätta sig privatiseringar.
Efter att ha lämnat regeringen fortsatte han som riksdagsledamot, där han framför allt var aktiv i Socialutskottet, dess ordförande 1991–1994 och innan dess vice ordförande 1988–1991 samt 1994–1996. Han var dessutom ledamot av krigsdelegationen, och även ordförande i psykiatriutredningen i början på 1990-talet.
Därefter var han landshövding i Södermanlands län 1996–2005 och sedan generaldirektör i regeringskansliet 2005–2007.
Bo Holmberg påträffades död i sin lägenhet på Södermalm i Stockholm den 11 februari 2010. Han är gravsatt på Gudmundrå kyrkogård i Kramfors.

wikiname: svwiki

title: Bo Holmberg

in_language: sv

wikitext:
{{för|liknande namn|Bo Holmberg (olika betydelser)}}
{{Faktamall biografi WD
| namn             =
| bild             =
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| födelsenamn      =
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| yrke             =
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| noterbara_verk   =
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}}
'''Bo Lindor Holmberg''', född [[17 november]] [[1942]] i [[Härnösands församling|Härnösand]]<ref>''Sveriges befolkning 1970'' ([[Cd|CD-ROM]] version 1.04), [[Sveriges Släktforskarförbund]] 2003</ref>, död [[11 februari]] [[2010]] i [[Sofia församling]], [[Stockholm]], var en svensk politiker ([[Socialdemokraterna (Sverige)|socialdemokrat]]) och [[ämbetsman]].

== Biografi ==
Holmberg var son till reparatören Hans Bertil Holmberg (1920–1992) och affärsbiträdet Linnea Höglund (1923–2005). Han var mellan 1968 och 1987 gift med Margareta Sjölund och andra gången från 1991 med statsrådet [[Anna Lindh]]; han hade barn i båda äktenskapen.<ref>''[[Sveriges dödbok]] 1947-2006'' (CD-ROM version 4.00), Sveriges Släktforskarförbund 2007</ref><ref>{{Webbref|url=http://st.nu/start/sundsvall/1.1808790 |titel=Olof Palmes favorit, Bo Holmberg är död |utgivare=Sundsvalls tidning |datum=2010-02-12 |hämtdatum=2010-02-14 |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215045504/http://st.nu/start/sundsvall/1.1808790 |arkivdatum=2010-02-15 }}</ref><ref>''[[Vem är det]] : Svensk biografisk handbok 1985'', P. A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag, Stockholm 1984 {{ISBN|91-1-843222-0}} ISSN 0347-3341 s. 495</ref>

Efter avslutad [[folkhögskola]] tog Holmberg [[socionom]]examen 1968 och var därefter skolassistent, planeringssekreterare och politisk sekreterare. Han blev socialdemokratisk distriktsordförande i [[Ångermanland]] och ledamot av partistyrelsen 1978. Holmberg satt i [[kommunfullmäktige]]  i Härnösand 1971–1976, var ledamot av [[kommunstyrelsen]] där 1974–1976 samt ledamot av personalnämnden 1976 och av socialnämnden 1969–1973.

Holmberg var [[landstingsråd]] i [[Västernorrlands län]] 1976–1982. Efter [[riksdagsvalet 1982]] utnämndes han till [[Sveriges kommunminister|kommunminister]] – en post som den 1 januari 1983 bytte namn till [[Sveriges civilminister|civilminister]]. Han kvarstod på denna post till den 4 oktober 1988. Han blev riksdagsledamot 1985, invald för [[Västernorrlands läns valkrets]].

Som minister med ansvar för mycket av [[Sveriges kommuner|kommunernas]] verksamhet hade Holmberg en positiv inställning till lokala lösningar och [[decentralisering]], vilket skilde sig från socialdemokraternas inställning under 1970-talet. Han förespråkade bland annat offentliga tjänster i [[kooperativ]] form. Att han fick lämna regeringen 1988 har satts i sammanhang med att han fortsatte att motsätta sig [[privatisering]]ar.<ref>Peter Antman, [http://www.abc.se/~m9339/bib/galna/galna-book-4.html ''De galna åren – politisk journalistik 1990–1995: Vägen till systemskiftet''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abc.se/~m9339/bib/galna/galna-book-4.html |date=20070807154105 }}</ref>

Efter att ha lämnat regeringen fortsatte han som riksdagsledamot, där han framför allt var aktiv i [[Socialutskottet (Sverige)|Socialutskottet]], dess ordförande 1991–1994 och innan dess vice ordförande 1988–1991 samt 1994–1996. Han var dessutom ledamot av [[krigsdelegationen]], och även ordförande i [[psykiatriutredningen]] i början på 1990-talet.

Därefter var han [[Landshövdingar i Sverige|landshövding]] i [[Södermanlands län]] 1996–2005 och sedan [[generaldirektör]] i [[regeringskansliet]] 2005–2007.

Bo Holmberg påträffades död i sin lägenhet på [[Södermalm]] i Stockholm den 11 februari 2010.<ref>{{bokref |efternamn=Franchell |förnamn=Eva |författarlänk=Eva Franchell |titel=[[En människa kan mördas men inte idéer|En människa kan mördas men inte idéer: en biografi över Anna Lindh]] |år=2022 |utgivare=Albert Bonniers förlag |utgivningsort=Stockholm |isbn=978-91-0-018049-2 |sid=468}}</ref> Han är gravsatt på [[Gudmundrå kyrka|Gudmundrå]] kyrkogård i Kramfors.

==Referenser==
===Noter===
<references/>

===Webbkällor===
*[http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=1111&iid=0554072553108 Riksdagens webbplats]

===Tryckta källor===
*''[[Fakta om folkvalda]]: Riksdagen 1985–1988'', utgiven av Riksdagens förvaltningskontor, Stockholm 1986 ISSN 0283-4251 s. 132.

{{successionsbox
 | föregångare = [[Karl Boo]] | titel = [[Lista över Sveriges kommunministrar|Sveriges kommunminister]] | år = 1982 | efterträdare = <small>Siste ämbetsinnehavaren</small>
 || titel2 = [[Lista över Sveriges civilministrar|Sveriges civilminister]] | år2 = 1983–1988 | efterträdare2 = [[Bengt K Å Johansson]]
|föregångare3=[[Daniel Tarschys]]|titel3=[[Socialutskottet (Sverige)|Socialutskottets ordförande]]|år3=1991–1994|efterträdare3=[[Sten Svensson]]
|föregångare4=[[Sten Svensson]]|titel4=[[Socialutskottet (Sverige)|Socialutskottets vice ordförande]]|år4=1994–1996|efterträdare4=[[Ingrid Andersson (politiker)|Ingrid Andersson]]
|föregångare5=[[Ivar Nordberg]]|titel5=[[Lista över landshövdingar i Södermanlands län|Landshövding i Södermanlands län]]|år5=1996–2005|efterträdare5=[[Bo Könberg]]
}}
{{riksdagsledamöter|child|parti=Socialdemokraterna|wikinamn=Socialdemokraterna (Sverige)|mandatperiod=1988–1991}}
{{riksdagsledamöter|child|parti=Socialdemokraterna|wikinamn=Socialdemokraterna (Sverige)|mandatperiod=1991–1994}}
{{illustrationsbehov-svensk politiker}}
{{Auktoritetsdata}}
{{STANDARDSORTERING:Holmberg, Bo}}
[[Kategori:Födda 1942]]
[[Kategori:Svenska landstingsråd]]
[[Kategori:Ledamöter av Sveriges riksdag för Socialdemokraterna]]
[[Kategori:Sveriges civilministrar]]
[[Kategori:Landshövdingar i Södermanlands län]]
[[Kategori:Sveriges kommunministrar]]
[[Kategori:Män]]
[[Kategori:Avlidna 2010]]
[[Kategori:Ämbetsmän från Härnösand]]
[[Kategori:Politiker från Härnösand]]

title: Befattning

Befattning: Sveriges kommunminister · Regeringen Palme II (1982–1982) · Sveriges samfundsminister · Regeringen Palme II och Regeringen Carlsson I (1982–1988) · Sveriges civilminister (1983–1988) · Ledamot av Sveriges riksdag · 1985–1988 års mandatperiod i Sveriges riksdag, Västernorrlands läns valkrets (1985–1985) · Ledamot av Sveriges riksdag · 1988–1991 års mandatperiod i Sveriges riksdag, Västernorrlands läns valkrets (1988–1988) · Ledamot av Sveriges riksdag · 1988–1991 års mandatperiod i Sveriges riksdag, Västernorrlands läns valkrets (1988–1991) · Ledamot av Sveriges riksdag · 1991–1994 års mandatperiod i Sveriges riksdag, Västernorrlands läns valkrets (1991–1994) · Ordförande i socialutskottet (1991–1994) · Ledamot av Sveriges riksdag · 1994–1998 års mandatperiod i Sveriges riksdag, Västernorrlands läns valkrets (1994–1996) · Ledamot i socialutskottet (1994–1998) · Landshövding i Södermanlands län (1996–2005)

title: Politiskt parti

Politiskt parti:
Socialdemokraterna
Redigera Wikidata

Maka: Anna Lindh · (g. 1991–2003)


text:
# Mirosław Najdenow
Mirosław Christofow Najdenow, bułg. Мирослав Христофоров Найденов (ur. 14 grudnia 1968 we Wracy) – bułgarski lekarz weterynarii, urzędnik i polityk, deputowany do Zgromadzenia Narodowego 41. kadencji, minister rolnictwa w rządzie Bojka Borisowa (2009–2013).

## Życiorys
Z wykształcenia lekarz weterynarii, ukończył studia w instytucie medycyny weterynaryjnej i zootechniki w Starej Zagorze. Prowadził praktykę weterynaryjną, pracował również w administracji publicznej. W latach 2002–2004 był dyrektorem oddziału służby weterynaryjnej we Wracy, a od 2004 do 2006 sekretarzem generalnym państwowej służby weterynaryjnej w Sofii. Następnie przez trzy lata pełnił obowiązki dyrektora przedsiębiorstwa Ekorawnowesie. Pełnił funkcję wiceprezesa bułgarskiej izby weterynaryjnej.
Zaangażował się w działalność polityczną w ramach partii GERB. Z jej ramienia wystartował w wyborach parlamentarnych w 2009, w których jego partia zajęła pierwsze miejsce. Mirosław Najdenow uzyskał wówczas mandat posła do Zgromadzenia Narodowego. W nowym rządzie Bojka Borisowa funkcję ministra rolnictwa miała objąć Desisława Tanewa, która odmówiła przyjęcia nominacji wkrótce przed zaprzysiężeniem gabinetu. Stanowisko to powierzono wówczas Mirosławowi Najdenowowi, który rozpoczął urzędowanie w lipcu 2009. Resortem tym kierował do marca 2013.
Po odejściu z partii GERB został liderem ugrupowania BASTA. Od 2016 pełnił funkcję prezesa organizacji pracodawców SSI.

wikiname: plwiki

title: Mirosław Najdenow

in_language: pl

wikitext:
{{Polityk infobox
 |polityk     = Mirosław Najdenow
 |grafika     = MNaidenov.jpg
 |data urodzenia = 14 grudnia 1968
 |miejsce urodzenia = [[Wraca]]
 |partia     = [[GERB]]
 |funkcja    = Minister rolnictwa Bułgarii
 |od         = 27 lipca 2009
 |do         = 13 marca 2013
 |poprzednik = [[Waleri Cwetanow]]
 |następca   = [[Iwan Stankow]]
 |www        =
 |commons    =
 |quote      =
}}
'''Mirosław Christofow Najdenow''', [[język bułgarski|bułg.]] Мирослав Христофоров Найденов (ur. [[14 grudnia]] [[1968]]<ref name="bio">{{Cytuj stronę|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501220736/http://www.mzh.government.bg/MZH/bg/Ministry/Minister.aspx|tytuł=Д-р Мирослав Христофоров НайденовМинистър на земеделието и храните|opublikowany=mzh.government.bg|data dostępu=2021-05-14|język=bg}}</ref> we [[Wraca|Wracy]]) – [[Bułgaria|bułgarski]] [[lekarz weterynarii]], urzędnik i [[polityk]], deputowany do [[Zgromadzenie Narodowe (Bułgaria)|Zgromadzenia Narodowego]] 41. kadencji, minister rolnictwa w [[Pierwszy rząd Bojka Borisowa|rządzie Bojka Borisowa]] (2009–2013).

== Życiorys ==
Z wykształcenia lekarz weterynarii, ukończył studia w instytucie medycyny weterynaryjnej i zootechniki w [[Stara Zagora|Starej Zagorze]]. Prowadził praktykę weterynaryjną, pracował również w administracji publicznej. W latach 2002–2004 był dyrektorem oddziału służby weterynaryjnej we Wracy, a od 2004 do 2006 sekretarzem generalnym państwowej służby weterynaryjnej w [[Sofia|Sofii]]. Następnie przez trzy lata pełnił obowiązki dyrektora przedsiębiorstwa Ekorawnowesie. Pełnił funkcję wiceprezesa bułgarskiej izby weterynaryjnej<ref name="bio"/>.

Zaangażował się w działalność polityczną w ramach partii [[GERB]]. Z jej ramienia wystartował w [[Wybory parlamentarne w Bułgarii w 2009 roku|wyborach parlamentarnych w 2009]], w których jego partia zajęła pierwsze miejsce. Mirosław Najdenow uzyskał wówczas mandat posła do Zgromadzenia Narodowego<ref name="bio"/>. W nowym rządzie [[Bojko Borisow|Bojka Borisowa]] funkcję ministra rolnictwa miała objąć [[Desisława Tanewa]], która odmówiła przyjęcia nominacji wkrótce przed zaprzysiężeniem gabinetu<ref>{{Cytuj stronę|url=https://dariknews.bg/novini/bylgariia/desislava-taneva-nqma-da-e-ministyr-na-zemedelieto-376971|tytuł=Десислава Танева няма да е министър на земеделиет|data=22 lipca 2013|opublikowany=dariknews.bg|data dostępu=2021-05-14|język=bg}}</ref>. Stanowisko to powierzono wówczas Mirosławowi Najdenowowi, który rozpoczął urzędowanie w lipcu 2009<ref name="bio"/>. Resortem tym kierował do marca 2013.

Po odejściu z partii GERB został liderem ugrupowania BASTA<ref>{{Cytuj stronę|url=https://www.mediapool.bg/partiyata-na-miro-naidenov-basta-napravi-zavoi-i-zastana-platno-zad-gerb-news221858.html|tytuł=Партията на Миро Найденов БАСТА направи завой и застана „плътно” зад ГЕРБ|data=24 czerwca 2014|opublikowany=mediapool.bg|data dostępu=2021-05-14|język=bg}}</ref>. Od 2016 pełnił funkcję prezesa organizacji pracodawców SSI<ref>{{Cytuj stronę|url=https://offnews.bg/ikonomika/miroslav-najdenov-stana-shef-na-ssi-623733.html|tytuł=Мирослав Найденов стана шеф на ССИ|data=7 lutego 2016|opublikowany=offnews.bg|data dostępu=2021-05-14|język=bg}}</ref>.

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy}}

{{Pierwszy rząd Bojka Borisowa}}

{{SORTUJ:Najdenow, Mirosław}}
[[Kategoria:Lekarze weterynarii]]
[[Kategoria:Politycy partii GERB]]
[[Kategoria:Bułgarscy ministrowie rolnictwa]]
[[Kategoria:Deputowani 41. kadencji Bułgarskiego Zgromadzenia Narodowego]]
[[Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1968]]

title: Mirosław Najdenow

Data i miejsce urodzenia: 14 grudnia 1968 · Wraca

Okres: od 27 lipca 2009 · do 13 marca 2013

Przynależność polityczna: GERB

Poprzednik: Waleri Cwetanow

Następca: Iwan Stankow


text:
# Tadeusz Jaroszyński (literat)
Tadeusz Ewaryst Jaroszyński (ur. 9 grudnia 1862 w Wólce Dobryńskiej, zm. 20 lipca 1917 w Warszawie) – polski pisarz, recenzent teatralny, rysownik.

## Życiorys
Uczęszczał do gimnazjum we Lwowie i Piotrkowie, kształcił się w Warszawskiej Szkole Rysunkowej w latach 1883-1884, następnie do 1892 przebywał w Paryżu, na studiach malarskich. Był członkiem Gminy Narodowo-Socjalistycznej i współpracownikiem „Pobudki”. Członek Gminy Narodowo-Socjalistycznej w 1888. W 1890 debiutował jednoaktówką W szynkownie, ogłoszoną w „Życiu”. Po powrocie do kraju zamieszkał w Warszawie i pracował jako rysownik i ilustrator m.in.: „Tygodnika Ilustrowanego” i „Wędrowca”. Był zarazem kierownikiem artystycznym w Kole Miłośników Sceny. Pisywał i ogłaszał artykuły z historii sztuki, recenzje teatralne, felietony, opowiadania i powieści. Od 1896 zamieszczał w „Głosie” i „Gazecie Polskiej” recenzje z wystaw malarskich i artykuły z dziedziny plastyki. Od 1900 współpracował jako recenzent teatralny i nowelista z "Tygodnikiem Ilustrowanym", a od 1902 z „Kurierem Codziennym” i „Wędrowcem”. W styczniu 1908 został uwięziony na dwa tygodnie za brak zezwolenia policji na odczyt o Grottgerze. W 1913 redagował tygodnik „Wieś i Dwór” i przez parę lat kierował działem plastycznym tego pisma oraz „Kłosów”. Należał do Towarzystwa Literatów i Dziennikarzy Polskich w Warszawie.

## Twórczość
- Ścigana. Sztuka w 4 a. Wyst. Wwa, Łódź 1899, Pozn. 1900. Niedruk.
- Rabuś. Dramat w 4 a. Wyst. Wwa, Pozn., Łódź 1900. Niedruk.
- Chimera. Powieść z życia artystów. Petersburg, 1903. Warszawa, 1905.
- Dla nich. Powieść. Warszawa, 1904.
- Różni ludzie. Opowiadania. Warszawa, 1908.
- Doktor Tomasz. Powieść. Warszawa, 1907.
- Sąsiadka. Komedia w 3 a. Wystawiana w Warszawie, Lwowie, Łodzi (1909), Wilnie, Krakowie (1910). Wyd. Warszawa, 1910.
- Wieża z kości słoniowej. Powieść. Warszawa, 1909.
- Dobra krew. Powieść. Wwa 1911.
- Narodziny dziedzica. Opowiadania. Warszawa, 1911.
- Oko za oko. Opowiadania. Warszawa, 1912.
- za wieku starego. Powieść Warszawa, 1913.
- Wieczny płomień. Powieść. Warszawa, 1914.
- Zmora. Nowele. Warszawa, 1914.
- Konspiratorka. Warszawa, 1916.
- Przekupnie. Powieść. Warszawa, 1917.

title: Tadeusz Jaroszyński (literat)

wikitext:
{{Artysta infobox
 |imię i nazwisko       = Tadeusz Jaroszyński
 |imię i nazwisko org   =
 |pseudonim             =
 |grafika               = Tadeusz Jaroszynski Jadwiga Golcz.jpg
 |opis grafiki          = Tadeusz Jaroszyński, fot. [[Jadwiga Golcz]]
 |pełne imię i nazwisko =
 |data urodzenia        = 9 grudnia 1862
 |miejsce urodzenia     = [[Wólka Dobryńska]]
 |data śmierci          = 20 lipca 1917
 |miejsce śmierci       = [[Warszawa]]
 |narodowość            =
 |język                 =
 |Alma Mater            =
 |dziedzina sztuki      =
 |epoka                 =
 |muzeum artysty        =
 |ważne dzieła          =
 |faksymile             = Tadeusz Jaroszyński signature.jpg
 |opis faksymile        =
 |odznaczenia           =
 |nagrody               =
 |commons               = Category:Tadeusz Jaroszyński
 |wikiźródła            = Tadeusz Jaroszyński
 |wikicytaty            =
 |www                   =
}}
'''Tadeusz Ewaryst Jaroszyński''' (ur. [[9 grudnia]] [[1862]] w [[Wólka Dobryńska|Wólce Dobryńskiej]], zm. [[20 lipca]] [[1917]] w [[Warszawa|Warszawie]]) – polski pisarz, recenzent teatralny, rysownik.

== Życiorys ==
Uczęszczał do gimnazjum we [[Lwów|Lwowie]] i [[Piotrków|Piotrkowie]], kształcił się w [[Warszawska Szkoła Rysunkowa|Warszawskiej Szkole Rysunkowej]] w latach 1883-1884, następnie do 1892 przebywał w [[Paryż]]u, na studiach malarskich. Był członkiem Gminy Narodowo-Socjalistycznej i współpracownikiem „[[Pobudka (czasopismo)|Pobudki]]”. Członek [[Gmina Narodowo-Socjalistyczna|Gminy Narodowo-Socjalistycznej]] w 1888<ref>[[Wiesław Śladkowski]], Gmina Narodowo-Socjalistyczna w Paryżu wobec tradycji 3-Majowej, w: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica, 40, 1991, s. 51.</ref>. W 1890 debiutował jednoaktówką ''W szynkownie'', ogłoszoną w „[[Życie (czasopismo)|Życiu]]”. Po powrocie do kraju zamieszkał w Warszawie i pracował jako rysownik i ilustrator m.in.: „[[Tygodnik Illustrowany|Tygodnika Ilustrowanego]]” i „[[Wędrowiec (czasopismo)|Wędrowca]]”. Był zarazem kierownikiem artystycznym w Kole Miłośników Sceny. Pisywał i ogłaszał artykuły z historii sztuki, recenzje teatralne, felietony, opowiadania i powieści. Od 1896 zamieszczał w „Głosie” i „[[Gazeta Polska (Poznań)|Gazecie Polskiej]]” recenzje z wystaw malarskich i artykuły z dziedziny [[sztuki plastyczne|plastyki]]. Od 1900 współpracował jako recenzent teatralny i nowelista z "Tygodnikiem Ilustrowanym", a od 1902 z „[[Kurier Codzienny (1865-1905)|Kurierem Codziennym]]” i „Wędrowcem”. W styczniu 1908 został uwięziony na dwa tygodnie za brak zezwolenia policji na odczyt o Grottgerze<ref>{{Cytuj pismo | tytuł = Uwięzienie prelegenta | czasopismo = [[Nowości Ilustrowane|Nowości Illustrowane]] | wolumin = Nr 4 | strony = 2 | data = 25 stycznia 1908 | url = https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/publication/123199}}</ref>. W 1913 redagował tygodnik „[[Wieś i Dwór]]” i przez parę lat kierował działem plastycznym tego pisma oraz „Kłosów”. Należał do [[Towarzystwo Literatów i Dziennikarzy Polskich|Towarzystwa Literatów i Dziennikarzy Polskich]] w Warszawie.

== Twórczość ==
* ''Ścigana''. Sztuka w 4 a. Wyst. Wwa, Łódź 1899, Pozn. 1900. Niedruk.
* ''Rabuś''. Dramat w 4 a. Wyst. Wwa, Pozn., Łódź 1900. Niedruk.
* ''Chimera''. Powieść z życia artystów. Petersburg, 1903. Warszawa, 1905.
* ''Dla nich''. Powieść. Warszawa, 1904.
* ''Różni ludzie''. Opowiadania. Warszawa, 1908.
* ''Doktor Tomasz''. Powieść. Warszawa, 1907.
* ''Sąsiadka''. Komedia w 3 a. Wystawiana w Warszawie, Lwowie, Łodzi (1909), Wilnie, Krakowie (1910). Wyd. Warszawa, 1910.
* ''Wieża z kości słoniowej''. Powieść. Warszawa, 1909.
* ''Dobra krew''. Powieść. Wwa 1911.
* ''Narodziny dziedzica''. Opowiadania. Warszawa, 1911.
* ''Oko za oko''. Opowiadania. Warszawa, 1912.
* ''za wieku starego''. Powieść Warszawa, 1913.
* ''Wieczny płomień''. Powieść. Warszawa, 1914.
* ''Zmora''. Nowele. Warszawa, 1914.
* ''Konspiratorka''. Warszawa, 1916.
* ''Przekupnie''. Powieść. Warszawa, 1917.

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy}}

== Bibliografia ==
* {{cytuj książkę |autor = | tytuł = Dawni pisarze polscy od początków piśmiennictwa do Młodej Polski. Przewodnik biograficzny i bibliograficzny| tom =  tom drugi I-Me| miejsce = Warszawa| rok = 2001| strony = 37-38| isbn = 83-02-08101-9}}

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy}}

== Linki zewnętrzne ==
* [https://polona.pl/search/?filters=creator:%22Jaroszy%C5%84ski,_Tadeusz_(1862--1917)%22,public:1 Utwory Tadeusza Jaroszyńskiego] w serwisie [https://polona.pl Polona.pl]

{{Kontrola autorytatywna}}

{{SORTUJ:Jaroszyński Jan}}
[[Kategoria:Członkowie Gminy Narodowo-Socjalistycznej]]
[[Kategoria:Ludzie związani z Warszawą]]
[[Kategoria:Pisarze Młodej Polski]]
[[Kategoria:Polscy dramaturdzy]]
[[Kategoria:Polscy prozaicy]]
[[Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1862]]
[[Kategoria:Zmarli w 1917]]

title: Tadeusz Jaroszyński

Data i miejsce urodzenia: 9 grudnia 1862 · Wólka Dobryńska

Data i miejsce śmierci: 20 lipca 1917 · Warszawa


text:
# Boyztown
Boyztown (Thai: บอยซ์ทาวน์), formerly Boystown, is a gay red-light district in Pattaya, Thailand. It is located in Pattayaland Soi 3, between Soi 13/4 and 13/5. Established in the 1980s, it reached its height in prominence in the 1990s and 2000s, before declining in the 2010s and 2020s.

## History
Founded in the 1980s, Boyztown was the first gay venue in Pattaya. The area soon became a popular nightlife spot for gay travellers and locals, particularly gay Europeans, with a range of different places, such as hotels, pubs, restaurants, cabaret show bars, and go-go bars. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Boyztown reached its peak as the center of gay entertainment in Pattaya before the establishment of similar venues in Sunee plaza and Jomtien, which acted as competition to venues in Boyztown.

### Decline
Into 2010, the area's prominence began to decline as the numbers of European tourists dropped. A shift of the area also took place; many straight visitors found the central location in south Pattaya a good location for their stay in town. The 2010s saw a growth in Chinese tourists through tour groups before the COVID-19 pandemic. The decade also saw social media and gay contract apps cause a decline in demand for gay entertainment venues. Following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the area suffered from the lack of tourists caused by pandemic restrictions.

## Charity Work
Throughout the decades of its existence Boyztown and its business owners have been active in charity work through a foundation called "Pattaya Gay Festival" and, since 2010, "Pattaya Pride". Donations have been made for several foundations including HIV and AIDS projects.

wikiname: enwiki

title: Boyztown

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{Short description|Gay red-light district in Pattaya, Thailand}}
{{Infobox street
| name        =
| marker_image =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| alternate_name =
| image       = Boyz Town, Pattaya.jpg
| image_size  = 250
| image_alt   = Entrance to Boyztown
| image_map   =
| caption     = Entrance to Boyztown in 2011
| map_type    =
| map_size    =
| map_caption =
| map_alt     =
| other_name  =
| former_names =
| part_of     =
| namesake    =
| type        =
| owner       =
| maint       =
| length      =
| length_m    =
| length_ft   =
| length_km   =
| length_mi   =
| length_ref  =
| length_notes =
| width       =
| area        =
| addresses   = Soi 3<ref name="Lets Go Pattaya">{{cite web |title=Boyztown Pattaya – The Best Gay Nightlife |url=https://www.letsgopattaya.com/boyztown-pattaya.html |website=Lets Go Pattaya |accessdate=12 January 2019 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015070356/http://www.letsgopattaya.com/boyztown-pattaya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| location    = Pattaya, Thailand
| arrondissement =
| quarter     =
| postal_code =
| metro       =
| coordinates = {{Coord|12.9278|100.8761|type:landmark_region:TH|display=inline,title}}
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a  = Soi 13/4
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b  = Second Street
| junction    =
| north       =
| east        =
| south       =
| west        =
| main_contractor =
| cost        =
| references  =
| commissioning_date =
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date =
| inauguration_date = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| demolition_date =
| designer    =
| known_for   = [[Gay]] [[red-light district]]
| status      =
| website     = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
'''Boyztown''' ({{langx|th|บอยซ์ทาวน์}}), formerly '''Boystown''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-10-28 |title=Pattaya Boyztown: end of an era? |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/featured/pattaya-boyztown-end-of-an-era-331380 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> is a [[Homosexuality|gay]] [[red-light district]] in [[Pattaya]], [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boyztown-pattaya.com/ |title=Boyz Town |accessdate=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015010205/http://www.boyztown-pattaya.com/ |archivedate=2011-10-15 }}</ref> It is located in Pattayaland Soi 3, between Soi 13/4 and 13/5.<ref name="Lets Go Pattaya" /> Established in the 1980s, it reached its height in prominence in the 1990s and 2000s, before declining in the 2010s and 2020s.

==History==
Founded in the 1980s, Boyztown was the first gay venue in Pattaya.<ref name="Gay travel">{{cite web |title=A Gay Guide to Pattaya Thailand, Sunee Plaza and Boyztown |url=https://bestgaytravelguide.com/2009/06/02/a-gay-guide-to-pattaya-thailand-sunee-plaza-and-boyztown.aspx |website=Gay travel |accessdate=12 January 2019 |date=2 June 2009}}</ref> The area soon became a popular nightlife spot for gay travellers and locals, particularly gay Europeans,<ref name=":0" /> with a range of different places, such as hotels, pubs, restaurants, cabaret show bars, and [[Go go bar|go-go bars]].<ref name="Gay travel" /> In the 1990s and early 2000s, Boyztown reached its peak as the center of gay entertainment in Pattaya before the establishment of similar venues in Sunee plaza and Jomtien, which acted as competition to venues in Boyztown.<ref name=":0" />

=== Decline ===
Into 2010, the area's prominence began to decline as the numbers of European tourists dropped. A shift of the area also took place; many straight visitors found the central location in south Pattaya a good location for their stay in town. The 2010s saw a growth in Chinese tourists through tour groups before the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=":0" /> The decade also saw social media and gay contract apps cause a decline in demand for gay entertainment venues. Following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the area suffered from the lack of tourists caused by pandemic restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenyon |first=Barry |date=2022-02-20 |title=Pattaya Boyztown shakes off its ghost town image |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/latestnews/news/pattaya-boyztown-shakes-off-its-ghost-town-image-390059 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Charity Work==
Throughout the decades of its existence Boyztown and its business owners have been active in charity work through a foundation called "Pattaya Gay Festival" and, since 2010, "Pattaya Pride". Donations have been made for several foundations including HIV and AIDS projects.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Burchall |first1=Michael |title=Boyztown 1982-2008: My Life, and the History of Cockpit Bar, Le Bistro restaurant, and the Story of Boyztown, Pattaya, Thailand.}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415213214/http://www.pattayapride.com/ Pattaya Pride 2011]
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Pattaya}}

{{Prostitution in Thailand}}

{{sex-stub}}

[[Category:Gay culture in Asia]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods of Pattaya]]
[[Category:Red-light districts in Thailand]]
[[Category:Gay villages in Thailand]]

title: Boyztown

Addresses: Soi 3

Location: Pattaya, Thailand

South end: Second Street

title: Other

Known for: Gay red-light district


text:
# رندو د لا بگا
رندو د لا بگا (به اسپانیایی: Renedo de la Vega) یک شهرستان در اسپانیا است که در استان پالنسیا واقع شده‌است.

## خصوصیات
رندو د لا بگا ۲۲ کیلومترمربع مساحت و ۲۵۶ نفر جمعیت دارد.

wikiname: fawiki

title: رندو د لا بگا

in_language: fa

wikitext:
{{Infobox City|
official_name=Renedo de la Vega, Spain|
nickname=|
image_flag=|
image_seal=|
image_map=|
map_caption=|
subdivision_type=[[فهرست کشورهای مستقل|کشور]]|
subdivision_name=[[اسپانیا]]|
subdivision_type1=[[بخش‌های خودمختار اسپانیا|بخش خودمختار]]|
subdivision_name1=[[کاستیا و لئون]]|
subdivision_type2=[[استان‌های اسپانیا|استان]]|
subdivision_name2=[[استان پالنسیا]]|
subdivision_type3=[[فهرست دهستان‌های پالنسیا|دهستان]]|
subdivision_name3=Renedo de la Vega|
leader_title=|
leader_name=|
area_magnitude=|
area_total_km2=22|
area_land_km2=|
area_water_km2=|
elevation_m=|
population_as_of=2004|
population_note=|
population_total=256|
population_density_km2=11.6|
timezone=[[زمان اروپای مرکزی|زمان]]|
utc_offset=+1|
timezone_DST=[[زمان اروپای مرکزی|زمان]]|
utc_offset_DST=+2|
latitude=|
longitude=|
website=|
footnotes=|
}}
'''رندو د لا بگا''' (به [[زبان اسپانیایی|اسپانیایی]]: Renedo de la Vega) یک [[شهرستان‌های اسپانیا|شهرستان]] در [[اسپانیا]] است که در [[استان پالنسیا]] واقع شده‌است.<ref>{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده =مشارکت کنندگان ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی |نشانی=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renedo_de_la_Vega&redirect=no&oldid=544956366 |عنوان=Renedo de la Vega|تاریخ =}}</ref>

== خصوصیات ==
'''رندو د لا بگا''' ۲۲ [[کیلومترمربع]] مساحت و ۲۵۶ نفر جمعیت دارد.

== جستارهای وابسته ==
*[[فهرست شهرهای اسپانیا]]

== منابع ==
{{پانویس}}
{{دهستان‌های پالنسیا}}

{{اسپانیا-خرد}}

[[رده:شهرداری‌های استان پالنسیا]]
[[رده:مناطق مسکونی در استان پالنسیا]]

title: Renedo de la Vega, Spain

بخش خودمختار: کاستیا و لئون

استان: استان پالنسیا

دهستان: Renedo de la Vega

title: مساحت

• کل: ۲۲ کیلومتر مربع (۸ مایل مربع)

title: جمعیت (2004)

• کل: ۲۵۶

• تراکم: ۱۱٫۶/کیلومتر مربع (۳۰/مایل مربع)

منطقهٔ زمانی: یوتی‌سی +۱ (زمان)

• تابستانی (DST): یوتی‌سی +۲ (زمان)


text:
# ダーピンジアン
| 累代        | 代     | 紀           | 基底年代 Mya |
| ----------- | ------ | ------------ | ------------ |
| 顕生代      | 新生代 | 第四紀       | 2.58         |
| 顕生代      | 新生代 | 新第三紀     | 23.03        |
| 顕生代      | 新生代 | 古第三紀     | 66           |
| 顕生代      | 中生代 | 白亜紀       | 145          |
| 顕生代      | 中生代 | ジュラ紀     | 201.3        |
| 顕生代      | 中生代 | 三畳紀       | 251.902      |
| 顕生代      | 古生代 | ペルム紀     | 298.9        |
| 顕生代      | 古生代 | 石炭紀       | 358.9        |
| 顕生代      | 古生代 | デボン紀     | 419.2        |
| 顕生代      | 古生代 | シルル紀     | 443.8        |
| 顕生代      | 古生代 | オルドビス紀 | 485.4        |
| 顕生代      | 古生代 | カンブリア紀 | 541          |
| 原生代      | 原生代 | 原生代       | 2500         |
| 太古代      | 太古代 | 太古代       | 4000         |
| 冥王代      | 冥王代 | 冥王代       | 4600         |
| 1. 2. 3. 4. |        |              |              |

ダーピンジアン（英: Dapingian）は、国際層序委員会によって定められた地質学用語である、地質時代名の一つ。4億7000万年前（誤差140万年）から4億6730万年前（誤差110万年）にあたる、中期オルドビス紀を二分した前期である。前の期は前期オルドビス紀後期であるフロイアン、次の期は中期オルドビス紀後期であるダーリウィリアン。日本語では大坪期（たいへいき）とも呼ばれる。
フロイアンからダーピンジアンにかけては世界的に海水準の低下とコノドントの大規模な絶滅が記録されており、地史学的にも重要な時代である。

## 層序学的定義
ダーピンジアン階の基底はコノドントのバルトニオドゥス属の種 Baltoniodus triangularis の初出現に定義されている。国際標準模式層断面及び地点(GSSP)は中華人民共和国湖北省宜昌市黄花場村の黄花場セクション(北緯30度51分38秒 東経111度22分26秒 / 北緯30.8605度 東経111.3740度)に位置する、ダワン累層の露頭である。下側の境界はタイプ産地でのコノドントの種 Baltoniodus triangularis の初出現で定義されている。厳密な境界はダワン累層の基底から10.57メートル上に存在する。なお、ダーピンジアンという名称はGSSPの存在する付近の黄花場村に由来し、2005年に提唱された。
ダーピンジアン階はイングランドで用いられる層序区分ではArenigと重複する。

## 地層の分布
マレーシアのラングン島南東部セクション最上部約5メートル地点からはコノドントのB群集が得られている。B群集の構成種 Jumodontus gananda や Cooperignathus aranda を北アメリカの群集帯と対比させて、B群集の化石年代は前期フロイアンと見積られた。B群集は同研究で得られたフロイアンのA群集と共に浅海・熱帯性の古生物地理区に属することが分かっている。また、ラングン島は主にカキブキ累層の石灰岩で構成されており、前期から中期オルドビス紀にかけて陸棚上の炭酸塩プラットフォームで形成されたと見られている。
日本では飛騨外縁帯や南部北上帯からフロイアンの地層や砕屑性ジルコンが産出しており、中期オルドビス紀ごろの日本では広範囲で陸棚相が堆積したと推定されている。

wikiname: jawiki

title: ダーピンジアン

in_language: ja

wikitext:
{{顕生代}}
'''ダーピンジアン'''（{{Lang-en-short|Dapingian}}）は、[[国際層序委員会]]によって定められた[[地質学]][[専門用語|用語]]である、[[地質時代]]名の一つ。4億7000万年前（誤差140万年）から4億6730万年前（誤差110万年）にあたる、中期[[オルドビス紀]]を二分した前期である。前の期は前期[[オルドビス紀]]後期である[[フロイアン]]、次の期は中期オルドビス紀後期である[[ダーリウィリアン]]<ref>{{Cite web|和書|url=http://www.geosociety.jp/uploads/fckeditor//name/ChronostratChart_jp.pdf |title=INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART（国際年代層序表）|accessdate=2020-04-22 |publisher=[[日本地質学会]]}}</ref>。日本語では'''大坪期'''（たいへいき）とも呼ばれる<ref>{{Cite journal|和書|title=地質年代区分2012 |journal=日本地質学会第120年学術大会講演要旨（2013仙台）|publisher=日本地質学会 |author=鈴木寿志 |year=2013 |doi=10.14863/geosocabst.2013.0_629 |url=https://doi.org/10.14863/geosocabst.2013.0_629}}{{フリーアクセス}}</ref>。

[[フロイアン]]からダーピンジアンにかけては世界的に海水準の低下とコノドントの大規模な絶滅が記録されており、地史学的にも重要な時代である<ref name=マレーシア/>。

== 層序学的定義 ==
{{Location map |  China | width      = | float      =left | border     = | caption    = GSSPの位置を示す中国の地図。 |alt        = | relief     = China edcp relief location map.jpg| AlternativeMap = | label      = Huanghuachang section|label_size = | position   = | background = | mark       = | marksize   = | link       = | lat_deg    = 30.8605| lon_deg    = 111.3740}}
ダーピンジアン階の基底は[[コノドント]]の{{仮リンク|バルトニオドゥス|en|Baltoniodus}}属の種 ''Baltoniodus triangularis'' の初出現に定義されている<ref name="GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era">{{cite web |title=GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era |url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/index.php?parentid=77 |publisher=Geologic TimeScale Foundation |accessdate=24 November 2012 }}</ref>。[[国際標準模式層断面及び地点]](GSSP)は[[中華人民共和国]][[湖北省]][[宜昌市]]{{仮リンク|黄花場村|en|Huanghuachang}}の黄花場セクション({{Coord|30.8605|N|111.3740|E|display=inline}})に位置する、ダワン累層の露頭である。下側の境界はタイプ産地でのコノドントの種 ''Baltoniodus triangularis'' の初出現で定義されている<ref name="GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era" />。厳密な境界はダワン累層の基底から10.57メートル上に存在する<ref name="Wang 2005" /><ref name="Wang 2009">{{cite journal |last=Wang |first=Xiaofeng |author2=Stouge, Svend |author3=Xiaohong, Chen |author4=Zhihong, Li |author5=Chuanshang, Wang |author6=Finney, Stan C. |author7=Qingluan, Zeng |author8=Zhiqiang, Zhou |author9=Huiming, Chen |author10= Erdtmann, Bernd-D.  |title=The Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series and the Third Stage (Dapingian) |journal=Episodes |year=2009 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=96–113 |url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/references/Dapingian_v32n20.pdf |accessdate=4 June 2013 }}</ref>。なお、ダーピンジアンという名称はGSSPの存在する付近の黄花場村に由来し、2005年に提唱された<ref name="Wang 2005">{{cite journal |last=Wang |first=Xiaofeng |author2=Stouge, Svend |author3=Erdtmann, Bernd-D. |author4=Chen, Xiaohong |author5=Li, Zhihong |author6=Wang, Chuanshang |author7=Zeng, Qingluan |author8=Zhou, Zhiqiang |author9= Chen, Huiming   |title=A proposed GSSP for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series: the Huanghuachang section, Yichang, China |journal=Episodes |year=2005 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=105–117 |url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/references/Dapingian.pdf<!-- http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file40.pdf --> |accessdate=4 June 2013 }}</ref><!-- Although this ref does NOT use the word Dapingian, Google Books finds citations dating back to 2006 -->。

ダーピンジアン階は[[イングランド]]で用いられる層序区分ではArenigと重複する<ref name="The Geologic Time Scale 2012">{{cite book |title=The Geologic Time Scale 2012 |year=2012 |publisher=Elsevier Science Ltd. |isbn=978-0444594259 |url=https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&id=usoqlA8AVDUC&q=542#v=onepage&q=504&f=false |editor=Gradstein, F. M. |page=504 }}</ref>。

== 地層の分布 ==
[[マレーシア]]のラングン島南東部セクション最上部約5メートル地点からはコノドントのB群集が得られている。B群集の構成種 ''Jumodontus gananda'' や ''Cooperignathus aranda'' を北アメリカの群集帯と対比させて、B群集の化石年代は前期フロイアンと見積られた。B群集は同研究で得られたフロイアンのA群集と共に浅海・熱帯性の古生物地理区に属することが分かっている。また、ラングン島は主にカキブキ累層の石灰岩で構成されており、前期から中期オルドビス紀にかけて陸棚上の炭酸塩プラットフォームで形成されたと見られている<ref name=マレーシア>{{Cite journal|和書|author=上松佐知子 |title=マレーシア・ランカウィ諸島における下部–中部オルドビス系生層序の確立 |date=2010-10-25 |journal=地質学雑誌 |publisher=日本地質学会 |volume=119 |issue=5 |pages=872-877 |doi=10.5026/jgeography.119.872 |url=https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.119.872}}{{フリーアクセス}}</ref>。

[[日本]]では飛騨外縁帯や南部北上帯からフロイアンの地層や砕屑性ジルコンが産出しており、中期オルドビス紀ごろの日本では広範囲で陸棚相が堆積したと推定されている<ref>{{Cite journal|和書|author1=中間隆晃 |author2=平田岳史 |author3=大藤茂 |author4=丸山茂徳 |title=日本最古の堆積岩年代472Ma（オルドビス紀前期末）とその意義 ―飛騨外縁帯一重ヶ根層のジルコンU-Pb年代― |journal=地学雑誌 |publisher=[[東京地学協会]] |volume=119 |issue=2 |date=2010-04-25 |url=https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.119.270 |doi=10.5026/jgeography.119.270}}{{フリーアクセス}}</ref>。

== 脚注 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{地質時代}}
{{デフォルトソート:たあひんしあん}}
[[Category:地質時代]]
[[Category:オルドビス紀]]


text:
# Érymanthe (rivière)
L’Érymanthe (en grec ancien et moderne : Ερύμανθος / Erýmanthos signifiant « fleur de printemps » ou « fleuri au printemps ») est une rivière du Péloponnèse qui coule du nord vers le sud, affluent de la rive gauche de l'Alphée.

## Sources
1. ↑  (el) « Ποταμός Αλφειός, ή Ρουφιάς », sur Υπουργείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης & Τροφίμων (Ministère du développement rural et de l'alimentation).
2. ↑  Le Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie, Paris 1878 Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie, Paris, Hachette et Cie, 1878, 25e éd. (1re éd. 1847), 2080 p. (lire en ligne), p. 1021

wikiname: frwiki

title: Érymanthe (rivière)

in_language: fr

wikitext:
{{Infobox Cours d'eau
 | nom                     = Érymanthe
 | autres noms             =
 | image                   = Grecia 114 fiume Erimanto 6.jpg
 | légende image           = L'Érymanthe.
 | carte                   =
 | légende carte           =
 | longueur                = 52
 | longueur notes          =
 | bassin                  = 3600
 | bassin notes            =
 | bassin collecteur       =
 | débit                   = 41
 | débit lieu              =
 | débit notes             =
 | régime                  =
 | source                  = [[Mont Érymanthe]]
 | source localisation     = Agrampela (village d'[[Achaïe]])
 | source altitude         = 1150
 | source latitude         =
 | source longitude        =
 | embouchure              = [[Alphée (fleuve)|Alphée]]
 | embouchure localisation = Confluence de Tripotamia ([[Arcadie]])
 | embouchure altitude     =
 | embouchure latitude     =
 | embouchure longitude    =
 | affluents rive gauche   =
 | affluents rive droite   =
 | pays                    = {{Grèce}}
 | régions                 = [[Achaïe]], [[Arcadie]], [[Élide]]
 | villes                  = [[Mégalopolis]]
 | sources                 = {{el}} {{Lien web|site=Υπουργείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης & Τροφίμων (Ministère du développement rural et de l'alimentation).|url=http://www.minagric.gr/Greek/2.9.3.ALFEIOS.html|titre=Ποταμός Αλφειός, ή Ρουφιάς}}
}}

[[Image:Erymanthos River.jpg|thumb|left|260px|Pont sur l'Érymanthe à la confluence de Tripotamia (« trois-rivières »), à la limite entre l'[[Arcadie]] et l'[[Élide]].]]

L’'''Érymanthe''' (en [[grec ancien]] et [[grec moderne|moderne]] : {{grec ancien|Ερύμανθος}} / {{Langue|grc-Latn|''Erýmanthos''}} signifiant « fleur de printemps » ou « fleuri au printemps »)<ref>{{el}} {{Lien web|site=Υπουργείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης & Τροφίμων (Ministère du développement rural et de l'alimentation).|url=http://www.minagric.gr/Greek/2.9.3.ALFEIOS.html|titre=Ποταμός Αλφειός, ή Ρουφιάς}}</ref> est une rivière du [[Péloponnèse]] qui coule du nord vers le sud, affluent de la rive gauche de l'[[Alphée (fleuve)|Alphée]]<ref>Le [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4849m.pdf ''Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie''], Paris 1878 {{Ouvrage|titre=Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie|lieu=Paris|éditeur=Hachette et {{Cie}}|année=1878|numéro d'édition=25|année première édition=1847|pages totales=2080|passage=1021|lire en ligne=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4849m.image.f1030}}</ref>.

== Voir aussi ==
{{Autres projets|commons=Category:Érymanthe (rivière)}}
{{GeoGroup}}
* la [[liste des cours d'eau de Grèce]]

== Sources ==
{{Références}}

{{Palette|Cours d'eau de Grèce}}

{{Portail|lacs et cours d'eau|Grèce}}

[[Catégorie:Cours d'eau en Grèce]]
[[Catégorie:Géographie du Péloponnèse]]

title: Caractéristiques

Longueur: 52 km

title: Cours

Source: Mont Érymanthe

· Localisation:
Agrampela (village d'Achaïe)
Confluence de Tripotamia (Arcadie)

Embouchure: Alphée

title: Géographie

Pays traversés: Grèce

Régions traversées: Achaïe, Arcadie, Élide

Principales localités: Mégalopolis

Géographie: Sources : (el) « Ποταμός Αλφειός, ή Ρουφιάς », sur Υπουργείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης & Τροφίμων (Ministère du développement rural et de l'alimentation).


text:
# Corynoptera submontana
Corynoptera submontana är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Werner Mohrig 1985. Corynoptera submontana ingår i släktet Corynoptera och familjen sorgmyggor.
Artens utbredningsområde är Österrike. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

title: Corynoptera submontana

wikitext:
{{robotskapad|Lsjbot|tvåvinge|datum=2013-07}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Corynoptera submontana''
| status =
| image =
| image_caption =
| domain_sv =
| domain =
| regnum_sv = [[Djur]]
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum_sv = [[Leddjur]]
| phylum = Arthropoda
| classis_sv = [[Egentliga insekter]]
| classis = Insecta
| ordo_sv = [[Tvåvingar]]
| ordo = Diptera
| familia_sv = [[Sorgmyggor]]
| familia = Sciaridae
| genus_sv =
| genus = [[Corynoptera]]
| species_sv =
| species = '''Corynoptera submontana'''
| taxon = Corynoptera submontana
| taxon_authority = [[Werner Mohrig|Mohrig]], 1985
| range_map =
| range_map_caption = Utbredningsområde
| image2 =
| image2_caption =
| subphylum = Hexapoda
| subphylum_sv = [[Sexfotingar]]
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Corynoptera submontana'''''<ref name = "COL"/> är en [[tvåvingar|tvåvinge]]art som beskrevs av [[Werner Mohrig]] 1985. ''Corynoptera submontana'' ingår i [[släkte]]t ''[[Corynoptera]]'' och [[familj (biologi)|familjen]] [[sorgmyggor]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/>

Artens utbredningsområde är [[Österrike]].<ref name = "COL"/> Inga [[underart]]er finns listade i [[Catalogue of Life]].<ref name = "COL"/>

== Källor ==
<references>
<ref name = "COL">{{webbref |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/corynoptera+submontana/match/1|titel= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|hämtdatum= 24 september 2012 |författare= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|datum= 2011|verk= |utgivare=Species 2000: Reading, UK.}}</ref>
<ref name = "source">''Systema Dipterorum''. Pape T. & Thompson F.C. (eds), 2011-01-06</ref>
</references>

[[Kategori:Sorgmyggor]]
[[Kategori:Corynoptera|submontana]]

title: Systematik

Domän: Eukaryoter · Eukaryota

Rike: Djur · Animalia

Stam: Leddjur · Arthropoda

Understam: Sexfotingar · Hexapoda

Klass: Egentliga insekter · Insecta

Ordning: Tvåvingar · Diptera

Familj: Sorgmyggor · Sciaridae

Släkte: Corynoptera

Art: Corynoptera submontana

title: Vetenskapligt namn

Vetenskapligt namn: Hitta fler artiklar om djur med Djurportalen

Auktor: Mohrig, 1985