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# Non-partisan democracy
Nonpartisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take place without reference to political parties. Sometimes electioneering and even speaking about candidates may be discouraged, so as not to prejudice others' decisions or create a contentious atmosphere.
In many nations, the head of state is nonpartisan, even if the prime minister and parliament are chosen in partisan elections. Such heads of state are expected to remain neutral with regards to partisan politics. In a number of parliamentary or semi-presidential countries, some presidents are non-partisan, or receive cross-party support.
Nonpartisan systems may be de jure, meaning political parties are either outlawed entirely or legally prevented from participating in elections at certain levels of government, or de facto if no such laws exist and yet there are no political parties.
De facto nonpartisan systems are mostly situated in states and regions with small populations, such as in Micronesia, Tuvalu, and Palau, where organizing political parties is seen as unnecessary or impractical.
De jure nonpartisan systems exist in several Persian Gulf states, including Oman and Kuwait; the legislatures in these governments typically have advisory capacity only, as they may comment on laws proposed by the executive branch but are unable to create laws themselves. De jure nonpartisan national governments sometimes resemble one-party states, but governments of the latter type explicitly recognize a single political party of which all officials are required to be a member.
Unless there are legal restrictions on political parties, factions within nonpartisan governments may evolve into political parties. The United States initially did not have enfranchised political parties, but these evolved soon after independence.

## Comparison with other political systems
A nonpartisan system differs from a one-party system in that the governing faction in a one-party system identifies itself as a party, where membership might provide benefits not available to non-members. A single-party government often requires government officials to be members of the party, features a complex party hierarchy as a key institution of government, forces citizens to agree to a partisan ideology, and may enforce its control over the government by making all other parties illegal. Members of a nonpartisan government may represent many different ideologies. Various communist nations such as China or Cuba are single-party nations although the Members of Parliament are not elected as party candidates.
A direct democracy can be considered nonpartisan since citizens vote on laws themselves rather than electing representatives. Direct democracy can be partisan, however, if factions are given rights or prerogatives that non-members do not have.

## Structures

### Elections
In nonpartisan elections, each candidate for office is eligible based on his or her own merits rather than as a member of a political party. No political affiliation (if one exists) is shown on the ballot next to a candidate. Generally, the winner is chosen from a runoff election where the candidates are the top two vote-getters from a primary election. In some elections the candidates might be members of a national party but do not run as party members for local office.
Nonpartisan elections are generally held for municipal and county offices, especially school boards, and are also common in the election of judges. In some nonpartisan elections it is common knowledge which candidates are members of and backed by which parties; in others, parties are almost wholly uninvolved and voters make choices with little or no regard to partisan considerations.
While nonpartisan democracies can allow for a wide selection of candidates (especially within a no-nomination system whereby voters can choose any non-restricted person in their area), such systems are compatible with indirect elections (such as for large geographical areas), whereby delegates may be chosen who in turn elect the representatives.

### Appointments
Even if a government's executive officer or legislature is partisan, appointments of cabinet members, judges, or directors of government agencies, may be nonpartisan. The intent of appointing government officials in a nonpartisan manner is to insure the officers can perform their duties free from partisan politics, and are chosen in a fair manner that does not adversely affect a political party. Twelve US states use the Missouri Plan, and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner. Several countries with partisan parliaments use nonpartisan appointments to choose presidents.

### Legislatures
In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature; even if there are caucuses for specific issues. Alliances and caucuses with a nonpartisan body are often temporary and fluid since legislators who oppose each other on some issues may agree on other issues. Despite being nonpartisan, legislators typically have consistent and identifiable voting patterns. Decisions to investigate and enforce ethics violations by government officials are generally done on the basis of evidence instead of party affiliation. Committee chairs and other leaders within the legislature are often chosen for seniority and expertise, unlike the leaders in a partisan legislature who are often chosen because of loyalty to a party.

## Historical examples
Democracy in ancient Athens was nonpartisan, as eligible citizens voted on laws themselves rather than electing representatives.
Elections to offices in the Roman Republic were all nonpartisan, though the informal factions of the Populares and Optimates did emerge within the Roman Senate.

### United States
Historians have frequently interpreted Federalist No. 10 to imply that the Founding Fathers of the United States intended the government to be nonpartisan. James Madison defined a faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." As political parties had interests which were adverse to the rights of citizens and to the general welfare of the nation, several Founding Fathers preferred a nonpartisan form of government.
The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the US Congress were nonpartisan. Factions within the early US government coalesced into the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties. The Era of Good Feelings, when the Federalist party collapsed (leaving the Democratic-Republican party as the sole political faction) was the United States' only experience with a one-party system.
The Confederate States of America had no political parties during its entire existence from 1861 to 1865. Despite political differences within the Confederacy, no national political parties were formed because they were seen as illegitimate. "Anti-partyism became an article of political faith." Without a two-party system building alternative sets of national leaders, electoral protests tended to be narrowly state-based, "negative, carping and petty". The 1863 mid-term elections became mere expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction. According to historian David M. Potter, this lack of a functioning two-party system caused "real and direct damage" to the Confederate war effort, since it prevented the formulation of any effective alternatives to the conduct of the war by the Davis administration.
Legislative elections in the Confederacy were decided without political parties. Key candidate identification related to adopting secession before or after Lincoln's call for volunteers to retake Federal property. Previous party affiliation played a part in voter selection, predominantly secessionist Democrat or unionist Whig. There were no organized political parties, but elective offices were exempted from military duty. Virtually every position was contested with as many as twenty candidates for each office. The absence of political parties made individual roll call voting all the more important, as the Confederate "freedom of roll-call voting [was] unprecedented in American legislative history.
The Republic of Texas was a nonpartisan democracy before it was annexed by the United States; all four presidents of the Republic of Texas, and the members of the Texian Congress, were officially non-partisan.

### New Zealand
From 1853 to 1890, within the Self-governing colony of New Zealand, Members of Parliament were not organised into any formal political parties. Prime Ministers made individual agreements with Members of Parliament in order to form and maintain government, lest MP's 'cross the floor' and joined the opposition.

### Canada
The Non-Partisan League was an influential socialist political movement during the 1910s and 1920s in the United States, especially in the Upper Midwest, which also eventually bled over into the prairie provinces of Canada.
The League contributed much to the ideology of the former Progressive Party of Canada. It went into decline and merged with the Democratic Party of North Dakota in 1956. The Progressive Party of Canada and the United Farmers movement (which formed governments in the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario) also acted on a similar philosophy. In the case of the United Farmers of Ontario, while in power (1919–1923), the administration of Ernest Drury suffered much infighting as the result of conflicting views.
Because of their nonpartisan ideology, the Progressive Party of Canada refused to take the position of the official opposition after the election of 1921 when they came in second place. Four years later, they lost that position and their rural supporters began to move to the Liberal Party and CCF. Eventually the Progressive Party of Canada and the United Farmers movement faded into obscurity, with most of their members joining the Liberal Party of Canada and the democratic socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF, or present day New Democratic Party).

## Modern examples

### National governments
Very few national governments are completely nonpartisan, but nonpartisan political systems at the national level are not unheard of, especially in states with small populations. Many national governments have nonpartisan offices even if their legislative branches are partisan. Constitutional monarchies have nonpartisan monarchs as their head of state. Parliamentary republics generally have nonpartisan, figurehead presidents.

#### Pacific Islands nations
Nonpartisan governments are much more likely in countries with small populations. Nauru, for example, has no political parties; its Parliament consists entirely of independent members of parliament or MPs, who form governing coalitions and opposition blocs through alliances of individuals.
In Niue, political parties have never played an important role. There is, at present, no political party, and candidates to elections therefore run as independents. The only party ever to have existed, the Niue People's Party, disbanded in 2003.
In Tuvalu, where no political parties exist, "MPs have very close links with their island constituencies and effort is directed towards balancing island representation in Cabinet".
Other nonpartisan island nations are the Pitcairn Islands, Micronesia, and Palau. These nations have small, highly dispersed populations.
Some states are de facto nonpartisan because while no law forbids the formation of political parties, the populations are small enough that they are considered impractical. Political allegiances depend mainly on family and island-related factors.

#### Muslim-majority countries
In Indonesia, all members of the Regional Representative Council, the upper house of the nation's bicameral legislature, are barred to come from any elements of political parties.
The United Arab Emirates is a de jure nonpartisan authoritarian state since all political parties were outlawed. The Federal National Council (al-Majlis al-Watani al-Ittihadi) is the UAE's parliamentary body and consists of 40 members, representing the Emirates, half appointed by the rulers of the constituent states and the other half elected to serve two-year terms, with only advisory tasks.
Political parties are also formally illegal in the Gulf state of Kuwait, as they have not been legalized since independence in 1961. Nonetheless, the constitution itself does not explicitly prohibit parties. Candidates for election to the National Assembly of Kuwait stand in a personal capacity. Nevertheless, several politically-focused organizations such as the National Democratic Alliance exist and function as de facto political parties.
Libya's unicameral legislature, the General National Congress reserved 120 out of its 200 seats for independent politicians in multiple-member districts. The other 80 were elected through a party list system of proportional representation.
Oman does not allow political parties, and only holds elections with expanding suffrage for a consultative assembly. Though Oman is developing into a constitutional monarchy, political parties are presently forbidden in Oman. The previously influential opposition movement, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman, is dormant today.
In Saudi Arabia, there are neither national elections or legal political parties. Despite this, some opposition movements exist, with varying degrees of presence in Saudi Arabia and abroad.

#### Other nations
The Vatican State is a nonpartisan theocracy, though it does not have a native population and in essence exists as a sort of extraterritorial headquarters for the Catholic Church.
A nonpartisan democracy might take root in other sovereign nations, such as occurred in Uganda in 1986, whereby political parties were restricted by a constitutional referendum endorsed by the people of the country (this system did not have all of the features described above). During a subsequent referendum in 2005, over 92% of Ugandan citizens voted for the return of a multiple party system.
Until the mid-20th century, a Canadian politician's political affiliation was not shown on ballots at any level of government. The expectation was that citizens would vote according to the merit of the candidate, but in practice, party allegiance played an important role. Beginning in 1974, the name of the candidate's political party was shown on the ballot.
In elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, political affiliation was not shown on ballots until 2004. For elections for the eighteen districts in the dependency, political affiliation was not shown until 2007.

### State or provincial governments
There are several examples of nonpartisan state or provincial governments. The nonpartisan system is also used in many US states for the election of judges, district attorneys and other officials. Twelve US states use the Missouri Plan, and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner.
The state of Nebraska in the United States has nonpartisan elections for its legislature because candidates are neither endorsed nor supported by political parties. However, its executive branch is elected on a partisan basis. It is the only state in the United States with a nonpartisan legislature.
Louisiana uses a nonpartisan blanket primary, also called a "jungle primary", for state and local offices. In this system, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation during the primary, and then the two most popular candidates run against each other even if they are members of the same party. This form of runoff election weakens political parties and transforms a partisan election into a partly nonpartisan election.
The Swiss Cantons of Glarus and Appenzell Innerrhoden are also nonpartisan, direct democracies; while they have a partisan parliament, all laws have to be passed by "Landsgemeinde", an assembly of all citizens eligible to vote.
Governors of Japanese prefectures are required by law not to be members of any political party.

### Territorial governments
The territorial government of American Samoa is completely nonpartisan. It has 21 nonpartisan members elected by consensus to its Territorial House and 18 nonpartisan members elected to the Territorial Senate. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor are both nonpartisan offices. However, the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and its nonvoting member of the U.S. House are Democrats.
The British territory of Falkland Islands has a completely nonpartisan government in that no political parties operate on the islands. All eight members of the Legislative Assembly are nonpartisan, as is the Chief Executive and the Governor.
Guernsey has a nonpartisan legislature. The States of Guernsey, officially called the States of Deliberation, consists of 45 People's Deputies, elected from multi- or single-member districts every four years.
Political parties played no official role in the Isle of Man before the 2006 elections and played a minor role in the 2006 elections. At the 2001 election for the House of Keys, the Manx Labour Party polled 17.3% of the vote and only 2 seats. The vast majority of seats at every election are won by independent candidates with no allegiance to any parties. However, several parties such as the Manx Labour Party and Liberal Vannin operate and hold a small number of elected officers.
Saint Helena, along with both Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, does not have any active political parties, but no law forbids the formation of political parties; hence, the territory is a de facto non-partisan democracy. The Saint Helena Labour Party and Saint Helena Progressive Party existed until 1976.
The head of the territory and head of government of Hong Kong, the Chief Executive, is required by law not to be member of any political party. There are numerous political parties, but there is no legislation for political parties. Civil society organizations and trade unions also nominate candidates for election in Hong Kong under the system of functional constituencies.
The Canadian territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have nonpartisan legislatures. The populace votes for individuals to represent it in the territorial assembly without reference to political parties. After the election, the assembly selects one of its number to form a government and act as premier. This system is in deference to the system of consensus government that predominates among the indigenous Inuit and other peoples of northern Canada.

### Municipal governments

#### Canada
Unique among democratic nations with partisan elections at the federal level, almost all Canadian cities and counties (and similar levels of supralocal government) have governments elected on a nonpartisan basis. The municipal government of the City of Toronto, Ontario (Canada) is the fifth largest government in the country, governing a population of more than 2.7 million. It consists of a nonpartisan, directly elected council. The public may have a general idea of the candidates' political affiliations, but their parties have no official recognition or privilege in the functioning of City Council. Councilors are free to vote on each motion individually, not bound by party discipline.

#### Switzerland
Many municipalities in Switzerland also have a nonpartisan legislative assembly consisting of all citizens eligible to vote.

#### Scarsdale, New York
The Village of Scarsdale, New York selects its Board of Trustees using a nonpartisan system that dates back to 1911. Candidates for office are privately interviewed by a diversely composed committee and then nominated for office. New York State law mandates that these nominees must be democratically elected, however, nominated candidates are rarely contested in the general election. The coordinating Scarsdale Citizens' Non-Partisan Party motto is "Performance, Not Politics"

#### Philippines
In the Philippines, barangay elections (elections for positions in the barangay or village) are nonpartisan. The certificates of candidacies, which the candidates sign under oath, say that they are not a member of any political party. The nonpartisanism of barangay elections have been challenged lately, though, as some candidates are members of political parties.
Barangay Captains and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK, youth councils) chairmen in a municipality or city elect among themselves their representative to the local legislature. In deadlocked or hung legislatures, votes from the nominally nonpartisan representatives of barangay captains and SK chairmen hold the balance of power.

## Religious perspectives
The Baháʼí Faith states that the partisan apparatus is not a necessary or beneficial aspect of democracy.

## Discrimination of non-partisan candidates in partisan democracies
In French parliament non-partisans are known as "non-inscrits" (unrecorded ones), and in some parliamentary talks they are given less time to speak.

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'''Nonpartisan democracy''' (also '''no-party democracy''') is a system of [[Representative democracy|representative government]] or organization such that universal and periodic [[election]]s take place without reference to [[political party|political parties]]. Sometimes electioneering and even speaking about candidates may be discouraged, so as not to prejudice others' decisions or create a contentious atmosphere.

In many nations, the [[head of state]] is nonpartisan, even if the [[prime minister]] and [[parliament]] are chosen in partisan elections. Such heads of state are expected to remain neutral with regards to partisan politics. In a number of parliamentary or semi-presidential countries, some presidents are non-partisan, or receive cross-party support.

Nonpartisan systems may be [[de jure]], meaning political parties are either outlawed entirely or legally prevented from participating in elections at certain levels of government, or [[de facto]] if no such laws exist and yet there are no political parties.

''De facto'' nonpartisan systems are mostly situated in states and regions with small populations, such as in [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]], [[Tuvalu]], and [[Palau]], where organizing political parties is seen as unnecessary or impractical.

''De jure'' nonpartisan systems exist in several [[Persian Gulf]] states, including [[Oman]] and [[Kuwait]]; the legislatures in these governments typically have advisory capacity only, as they may comment on laws proposed by the executive branch but are unable to create laws themselves. De jure nonpartisan national governments sometimes resemble [[one-party state]]s, but governments of the latter type explicitly recognize a single political party of which all officials are required to be a member.

Unless there are legal [[restrictions on political parties]], factions within nonpartisan governments may evolve into political parties. The United States initially did not have enfranchised political parties, but these evolved soon after independence.

==Comparison with other political systems==
A nonpartisan system differs from a [[One-party state|one-party system]] in that the governing [[Political faction|faction]] in a one-party system identifies itself as a party, where membership might provide benefits not available to non-members. A single-party government often requires government officials to be members of the party, features a complex party [[hierarchy]] as a key institution of government, forces citizens to agree to a partisan ideology, and may enforce its control over the government by making all other parties illegal. Members of a nonpartisan government may represent many different ideologies. Various [[Communism|communist]] nations such as [[China]] or [[Cuba]] are single-party nations although the Members of Parliament are not elected as party candidates.

A direct democracy can be considered nonpartisan since citizens vote on laws themselves rather than electing representatives. Direct democracy can be partisan, however, if factions are given rights or prerogatives that non-members do not have.

==Structures==

===Elections===
In nonpartisan elections, each candidate for office is eligible based on his or her own merits rather than as a member of a political party. No political affiliation (if one exists) is shown on the ballot next to a candidate. Generally, the winner is chosen from a runoff election where the candidates are the top two vote-getters from a primary election. In some elections the candidates might be members of a national party but do not run as party members for local office.

Nonpartisan elections are generally held for [[Municipality|municipal]] and county offices, especially [[school board]]s, and are also common in the election of judges. In some nonpartisan elections it is common knowledge which candidates are members of and backed by which parties; in others, parties are almost wholly uninvolved and voters make choices with little or no regard to partisan considerations.

While nonpartisan democracies can allow for a wide selection of candidates (especially within a no-nomination system whereby voters can choose any non-restricted person in their area), such systems are compatible with indirect elections (such as for large geographical areas), whereby delegates may be chosen who in turn elect the representatives.

===Appointments===
Even if a government's executive officer or legislature is partisan, appointments of cabinet members, judges, or directors of government agencies, may be nonpartisan. The intent of appointing government officials in a nonpartisan manner is to insure the officers can perform their duties free from partisan politics, and are chosen in a fair manner that does not adversely affect a political party. Twelve US states use the [[Missouri Plan]], and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner. Several countries with partisan parliaments use nonpartisan appointments to choose presidents.

===Legislatures===
In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature; even if there are caucuses for specific issues. Alliances and caucuses with a nonpartisan body are often temporary and fluid since legislators who oppose each other on some issues may agree on other issues. Despite being nonpartisan, legislators typically have consistent and identifiable voting patterns. Decisions to investigate and enforce ethics violations by government officials are generally done on the basis of evidence instead of party affiliation. Committee chairs and other leaders within the legislature are often chosen for seniority and expertise, unlike the leaders in a partisan legislature who are often chosen because of loyalty to a party.

==Historical examples==
[[Athenian democracy|Democracy in ancient Athens]] was nonpartisan, as eligible citizens voted on laws themselves rather than electing representatives.

Elections to offices in the [[Roman Republic]] were all nonpartisan, though the informal factions of the [[Populares]] and [[Optimates]] did emerge within the [[Roman Senate]].

===United States===
Historians have frequently interpreted [[Federalist No. 10]] to imply that the [[Founding Fathers]] of the [[United States]] intended the government to be nonpartisan. [[James Madison]] defined a faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." As political parties had interests which were adverse to the rights of citizens and to the general welfare of the nation, several Founding Fathers preferred a nonpartisan form of government.

The administration of [[George Washington]] and the first few sessions of the [[US Congress]] were nonpartisan. Factions within the early US government coalesced into the [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist]] and [[Democratic-Republican]] parties. The [[Era of Good Feelings]], when the Federalist party collapsed (leaving the Democratic-Republican party as the sole political faction) was the United States' only experience with a one-party system.

The [[Confederate States of America]] had no political parties during its entire existence from 1861 to 1865. Despite political differences within the Confederacy, no national political parties were formed because they were seen as illegitimate. "Anti-partyism became an article of political faith."<ref>Cooper (2000) p. 462. Rable (1994) pp. 2–3. Rable wrote, "But despite heated arguments and no little friction between the competing political cultures of unity and liberty, antiparty and broader fears about politics in general shaped civic life. These beliefs could obviously not eliminate partisanship or prevent Confederates from holding on to and exploiting old political prejudices. Indeed, some states, notably Georgia and North Carolina, remained political tinderboxes throughout the war. Even the most bitter foes of the Confederate government, however, refused to form an opposition party, and the Georgia dissidents, to cite the most prominent example, avoided many traditional political activities. Only in North Carolina did there develop anything resembling a party system, and there the central values of the Confederacy's two political cultures had a far more powerful influence on political debate than did organizational maneuvering."</ref> Without a two-party system building alternative sets of national leaders, electoral protests tended to be narrowly state-based, "negative, carping and petty". The 1863 mid-term elections became mere expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction. According to historian David M. Potter, this lack of a functioning two-party system caused "real and direct damage" to the Confederate war effort, since it prevented the formulation of any effective alternatives to the conduct of the war by the [[Jefferson Davis|Davis]] administration.<ref>David Herbert Donald, ed. ''Why the North Won the Civil War.'' (1996) p.112–113. Potter wrote in his contribution to this book, "Where parties do not exist, criticism of the administration is likely to remain purely an individual matter; therefore the tone of the criticism is likely to be negative, carping, and petty, as it certainly was in the Confederacy. But where there are parties, the opposition group is strongly impelled to formulate real alternative policies and to press for the adoption of these policies on a constructive basis. ... But the absence of a two-party system meant the absence of any available alternative leadership, and the protest votes which were cast in the [[1863 Confederate mid-term]] election became more expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction rather than implements of a decision to adopt new and different policies for the Confederacy."</ref>

Legislative elections in the Confederacy were decided without political parties. Key candidate identification related to adopting secession before or after [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]'s call for volunteers to retake Federal property. Previous party affiliation played a part in voter selection, predominantly secessionist [[History of the United States Democratic Party|Democrat]] or unionist [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]].<ref>Martis, ''Historical Atlas,'' pp.72–73</ref> There were no organized political parties, but elective offices were exempted from military duty. Virtually every position was contested with as many as twenty candidates for each office.<ref>Coulter, "The Confederate States of America" p. 317-318. Some scholars such as Martis interpret this as robust democratic society in wartime. Coulter attributes the widely newfound enthusiasm for political careers as a means to "get out of the army or keep from getting into it".</ref> The absence of political parties made individual roll call voting all the more important, as the Confederate "freedom of roll-call voting [was] unprecedented in American legislative history.<ref>Martis, ''Historical Atlas,'' pp.3</ref>

The [[Republic of Texas]] was a nonpartisan democracy before it was annexed by the United States; all four [[President of the Republic of Texas|presidents of the Republic of Texas]], and the members of the Texian Congress, were officially non-partisan.<ref>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Barker |editor1-first=Eugene C. |editor2-last=Bolton |editor2-first=Herbert E. |last=Erath |first=Lucy A. |date=October 1923 |url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101086/m1/146 |title=Memoirs of George Bernard Erath IV |journal=The Southwestern Historical Quarterly |volume=27 |issue=2 |page=140 |publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]] |access-date=March 21, 2015}}</ref>

===New Zealand===
From 1853 to 1890, within the [[Self-governing colony]] of [[Colony of New Zealand|New Zealand]], Members of Parliament were not organised into any formal political parties. Prime Ministers made individual agreements with Members of Parliament in order to form and maintain government, lest MP's '[[cross the floor]]' and joined the opposition. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/get-involved/features/the-history-of-new-zealands-party-system/ | title=The history of New Zealand's party system - New Zealand Parliament | date=20 June 2023 }}</ref>

=== Canada ===
The [[Non-Partisan League]] was an influential [[Socialism|socialist]] political movement during the [[1910s]] and [[1920s]] in the United States, especially in the Upper Midwest, which also eventually bled over into the [[prairie provinces]] of Canada.

The League contributed much to the ideology of the former [[Progressive Party of Canada]]. It went into decline and merged with the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] of [[North Dakota]] in 1956. The [[Progressive Party of Canada]] and the [[United Farmers of Canada|United Farmers]] movement (which formed governments in the provinces of [[Alberta]], [[Manitoba]] and [[Ontario]]) also acted on a similar philosophy. In the case of the [[United Farmers of Ontario]], while in power (1919–1923), the administration of [[Ernest Drury]] suffered much infighting as the result of conflicting views.

Because of their nonpartisan ideology, the Progressive Party of Canada refused to take the position of the [[official opposition]] after the [[1921 Canadian general election|election of 1921]] when they came in second place. Four years later, they lost that position and their rural supporters began to move to the Liberal Party and CCF. Eventually the Progressive Party of Canada and the United Farmers movement faded into obscurity, with most of their members joining the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] and the [[democratic socialist]] [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (CCF, or present day [[New Democratic Party of Canada|New Democratic Party]]).

==Modern examples==

===National governments===
Very few national governments are completely nonpartisan, but nonpartisan political systems at the national level are not unheard of, especially in states with small populations. Many national governments have nonpartisan offices even if their legislative branches are partisan. [[Constitutional monarchies]] have nonpartisan monarchs as their head of state. [[Parliamentary republics]] generally have nonpartisan, figurehead presidents.

==== Pacific Islands nations ====
Nonpartisan governments are much more likely in countries with small populations. [[Nauru]], for example, has no political parties; its [[Parliament of Nauru|Parliament]] consists entirely of independent members of parliament or MPs, who form governing coalitions and opposition blocs through alliances of individuals.<ref>[http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/nauru/nauru_brief.html "Republic of Nauru country brief"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070651/http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/nauru/nauru_brief.html |date=2014-10-06 }}, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</ref>

In [[Niue]], political parties have never played an important role. There is, at present, no political party, and candidates to elections therefore run as independents. The only party ever to have existed, the [[Niue People's Party]], disbanded in 2003.

In [[Tuvalu]], where no political parties exist, "MPs have very close links with their island constituencies and effort is directed towards balancing island representation in [[Cabinet of Tuvalu|Cabinet]]".

Other nonpartisan island nations are the [[Pitcairn Islands]], [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]], and [[Palau]]. These nations have small, highly dispersed populations.

Some states are ''de facto'' nonpartisan because while no law forbids the formation of political parties, the populations are small enough that they are considered impractical. Political allegiances depend mainly on family and island-related factors.

==== Muslim-majority countries ====
In [[Indonesia]], all members of the [[Regional Representative Council]], the upper house of the nation's bicameral legislature, are barred to come from any elements of political parties.

The [[United Arab Emirates]] is a [[de jure]] nonpartisan authoritarian state since all political parties were outlawed. The [[Federal National Council]] (al-Majlis al-Watani al-Ittihadi) is the UAE's parliamentary body and consists of 40 members, representing the Emirates, half appointed by the rulers of the constituent states and the other half elected to serve two-year terms, with only advisory tasks.

Political parties are also formally illegal in the Gulf state of [[Kuwait]], as they have not been legalized since independence in 1961. Nonetheless, the constitution itself does not explicitly prohibit parties. Candidates for election to the [[National Assembly of Kuwait]] stand in a personal capacity. Nevertheless, several politically-focused organizations such as the [[National Democratic Alliance (Kuwait)|National Democratic Alliance]] exist and function as ''de facto'' political parties.

[[Libya]]'s [[unicameral]] legislature, the [[General National Congress]] reserved 120 out of its 200 seats for independent politicians in multiple-member districts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18721576 |title=Libya elections: Do any of the parties have a plan? |date=6 July 2012 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Margaret Coker |title=Libya Election Panel Battles Ghosts |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=22 June 2012 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303444204577462401509471274}}</ref> The other 80 were elected through a party list system of proportional representation.

[[Oman]] does not allow political parties, and only holds elections with expanding suffrage for a consultative assembly. Though Oman is developing into a [[constitutional monarchy]], political parties are presently forbidden in Oman. The previously influential opposition movement, the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman]], is dormant today.

In [[Saudi Arabia]], there are neither national elections or legal political parties. Despite this, some [[list of political parties in Saudi Arabia|opposition movements]] exist, with varying degrees of presence in Saudi Arabia and abroad.

==== Other nations ====
The [[Holy See|Vatican]] State is a nonpartisan [[theocracy]], though it does not have a native population and in essence exists as a sort of extraterritorial headquarters for the [[Catholic Church]].

A nonpartisan democracy might take root in other [[sovereignty|sovereign]] [[nations]], such as occurred in [[Uganda]] in 1986, whereby political parties were restricted by a constitutional referendum endorsed by the people of the country (this system did not have all of the features described above). During a subsequent [[2005 Ugandan multi-party referendum|referendum]] in 2005, over 92% of Ugandan citizens voted for the return of a multiple party system.

Until the mid-20th century, a Canadian politician's political affiliation was not shown on [[ballots]] at any level of government. The expectation was that citizens would vote according to the merit of the candidate, but in practice, party allegiance played an important role. Beginning in 1974, the name of the candidate's political party was shown on the ballot.

In elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, political affiliation was not shown on ballots until 2004. For elections for the eighteen districts in the dependency, political affiliation was not shown until 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr06-07/english/panels/ca/papers/ca1218cb2-615-1-e.pdf|title=Printing of Names, Emblems, and Photographs on Ballot Papers for the District Council Elections|website=Legislative Council Panel on Constitutional Affairs}}</ref>

===State or provincial governments===
There are several examples of nonpartisan [[state (country subdivision)|state]] or [[province|provincial]] governments. The nonpartisan system is also used in many US states for the election of judges, district attorneys and other officials. Twelve US states use the [[Missouri Plan]], and two use a variation of it, to choose judges in a nonpartisan manner.

The state of [[Nebraska]] in the [[United States]] has nonpartisan elections for its [[Nebraska Legislature|legislature]] because candidates are neither endorsed nor supported by political parties. However, its [[executive branch]] is elected on a partisan basis. It is the only state in the United States with a nonpartisan legislature.

Louisiana uses a [[nonpartisan blanket primary]], also called a "jungle primary", for state and local offices. In this system, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation during the primary, and then the two most popular candidates run against each other even if they are members of the same party. This form of runoff election weakens political parties and transforms a partisan election into a partly nonpartisan election.

The [[Cantons of Switzerland|Swiss Cantons]] of [[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]] and [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] are also nonpartisan, direct democracies; while they have a partisan parliament, all laws have to be passed by "[[Landsgemeinde]]", an assembly of all citizens eligible to vote.

[[Governor (Japan)|Governors of Japanese prefectures]] are required by law not to be members of any political party.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

=== Territorial governments ===
The territorial government of [[American Samoa]] is completely nonpartisan. It has 21 nonpartisan members elected by consensus to its [[American Samoa House of Representatives|Territorial House]] and 18 nonpartisan members elected to the [[American Samoa Senate|Territorial Senate]]. The [[List of governors of American Samoa|Governor]] and [[Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa|Lieutenant Governor]] are both nonpartisan offices. However, the [[List of governors of American Samoa|Governor]], [[Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa|Lieutenant Governor]], and its nonvoting member of the [[List of Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from American Samoa|U.S. House]] are Democrats.

The British territory of [[Falkland Islands]] has a completely nonpartisan government in that no political parties operate on the islands. All eight members of the [[Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands|Legislative Assembly]] are nonpartisan, as is the [[Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands|Chief Executive]] and the [[Governor of the Falkland Islands|Governor]].

[[Guernsey]] has a nonpartisan legislature. The States of Guernsey, officially called the [[States of Guernsey|States of Deliberation]], consists of 45 People's Deputies, elected from multi- or single-member districts every four years.

Political parties played no official role in the [[Isle of Man]] before the 2006 elections and played a minor role in the 2006 elections. At the 2001 election for the [[House of Keys]], the [[Manx Labour Party]] polled 17.3% of the vote and only 2 seats. The vast majority of seats at every election are won by independent candidates with no allegiance to any parties. However, several parties such as the [[Manx Labour Party]] and [[Liberal Vannin]] operate and hold a small number of elected officers.

[[Saint Helena]], along with both [[Ascension Island]] and [[Tristan da Cunha]], does not have any active political parties, but no law forbids the formation of political parties; hence, the territory is a de facto non-partisan democracy. The [[Saint Helena Labour Party]] and [[Saint Helena Progressive Party]] existed until 1976.

The head of the territory and head of government of [[Hong Kong]], the [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong|Chief Executive]], is required by law not to be member of any political party. There are [[List of political parties in Hong Kong|numerous political parties]], but there is no legislation for political parties. Civil society organizations and trade unions also nominate candidates for election in Hong Kong under the system of [[functional constituencies]].

The [[Canada|Canadian]] [[territory (country subdivision)|territories]] of the [[Northwest Territories]]<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opvmE2AExc8C&pg=PA448
| last1 = Hill
| first1 = Tony L.
| title = Canadian Politics, Riding by Riding: An In-Depth Analysis of Canada's 301 Federal Electoral Districts
| page = 448
| isbn = 978-0972343602
|access-date=30 January 2014
| date = 12 December 2002
| publisher = Prospect Park Press
}}</ref> and [[Nunavut]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://open-site.org/Regional/North_America/Canada/Nunavut
|title=Premier of Nunavut - Hon. Paul Okalik
|access-date=6 October 2009
}}</ref> have nonpartisan legislatures. The populace votes for individuals to represent it in the territorial assembly without reference to political parties. After the election, the assembly selects one of its number to form a government and act as [[premier (Canada)|premier]]. This system is in deference to the system of [[consensus government]] that predominates among the indigenous [[Inuit]] and other peoples of northern Canada.

===Municipal governments===

==== Canada ====
Unique among democratic nations with partisan elections at the federal level, almost all Canadian cities and counties (and similar levels of supralocal government) have governments elected on a nonpartisan basis. The municipal government of the City of [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] ([[Canada]]) is the fifth largest government in the country,{{clarify|fifth or sixth?|date=May 2020}} governing a population of more than 2.7 million. It consists of a nonpartisan, directly elected council. The public may have a general idea of the candidates' political affiliations, but their parties have no official recognition or privilege in the functioning of City Council. [[Councilors]] are free to vote on each motion individually, not bound by [[party discipline]].

==== Switzerland ====
Many municipalities in Switzerland also have a nonpartisan legislative assembly consisting of all citizens eligible to vote.

==== Scarsdale, New York ====
The Village of [[Scarsdale, New York]] selects its Board of Trustees using a nonpartisan system that dates back to 1911. Candidates for office are privately interviewed by a diversely composed committee and then nominated for office. New York State law mandates that these nominees must be democratically elected, however, nominated candidates are rarely contested in the general election. The coordinating Scarsdale Citizens' Non-Partisan Party motto is "Performance, Not Politics"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scarsdalecitizens.org/|title=Scarsdale Citizens' Non-Partisan Party|website=www.scarsdalecitizens.org|access-date=2017-01-19}}</ref>

==== Philippines ====
In the [[Philippines]], [[barangay elections]] (elections for positions in the [[barangay]] or village) are nonpartisan. The certificates of candidacies, which the candidates sign under oath, say that they are not a member of any political party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Carla P. |date=12 April 2018 |title=Barangay bets warned: Be truthful in declaring party affiliation or face consequences |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/981978/barangay-bets-warned-be-truthful-in-declaring-party-affiliation-or-face-consequences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803215316/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/981978/barangay-bets-warned-be-truthful-in-declaring-party-affiliation-or-face-consequences |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> The nonpartisanism of barangay elections have been challenged lately, though, as some candidates are members of political parties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nalzaro |first=Bobby |date=8 April 2018 |title=Barangay and SK elections are partisan |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/427424/Lifestyle/Barangay-and-SK-elections-are-partisan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184355/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/427424/Lifestyle/Barangay-and-SK-elections-are-partisan |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=9 August 2020 |website=Sunstar |language=en}}</ref>

[[Barangay Captain|Barangay Captains]] and [[Sangguniang Kabataan]] (SK, youth councils) chairmen in a municipality or city elect among themselves their representative to the local legislature. In deadlocked or hung legislatures, votes from the nominally nonpartisan representatives of barangay captains and SK chairmen hold the [[Balance of power (parliament)|balance of power]].

==Religious perspectives==

The [[Baháʼí Faith]] states that the partisan apparatus is not a necessary or beneficial aspect of democracy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bic.org/statements/prosperity-humankind|title=The Prosperity of Humankind|date=March 9, 2012|website=Baháʼí International Community}}</ref>

== Discrimination of non-partisan candidates in partisan democracies ==
In [[French Parliament|French parliament]] non-partisans are known as "non-inscrits" (unrecorded ones), and in some parliamentary talks they are given less time to speak.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

==See also==
*[[Consensus government]]
*[[List of countries without political parties]]
*[[Nonpartisanism]]
*[[New world order (Baháʼí)]]
*[[Types of democracy]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Ware, Alan. ''Citizens, Parties and the State.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040811164634/http://www.unicam.state.ne.us/learning/history.htm Nebraska Unicameral History] (archived 11 August 2004)
*[https://partyfreegov.org/ Party-Free Government]
*[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/farewell-address Farewell Address — The American Presidency Project]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Non-Partisan Democracy}}
[[Category:Elections]]
[[Category:Types of democracy]]


text:
# Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2011
A Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2011 foi a 23ª edição da competição que é disputada em Santiago no Rio Grande do Sul. Nesta edição a competição foi disputada por 10 equipes, de 4 países diferentes.
O Internacional venceu o Defensor Sporting por 3 a 1 na partida final, tornando-se o Campeão da competição pela 10ª vez.

## Regulamento
A Copa Santiago foi realizada no período de 7 a 22 de janeiro de 2011, com a participação de dez equipes convidadas.
A competição foi disputada pelas equipes participantes, em quatro fases distintas, assim denominadas: Classificatória, Segunda fase, Semifinal, e Final.

### Classificatória
Na primeira fase os jogos são cruzados entre as chaves "A" e "B", classificando-se três times de cada chave para a segunda fase. Ocorrendo igualdade de pontos ganhos entre duas ou mais equipes, em seus respectivos grupos, para apuração da classificação, é adotado sucessivamente e pela ordem os seguintes critérios:
1. Maior número de vitórias;
2. Menor número de cartões vermelhos recebidos;
3. Menor número de cartões amarelos recebidos;
4. Sorteio em dia, hora e local designado pela Organização.

### Segunda fase
Na segunda fase os times classificados na fase classificatória jogam entre si, dentro das respectivas chaves definidas na fase anterior. Classificam-se dois de cada chave para a fase semifinal.

### Semifinais
A fase Semifinal é disputada pelas quatro equipes classificadas na fase anterior, que disputam entre si uma só partida, conforme tabela de jogos definida da seguinte forma:
| Jogo | Disputa                                                    |
| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| SF 1 | Primeiro colocado do Grupo A x Segundo colocado do Grupo B |
| SF 2 | Primeiro colocado do Grupo B x Segundo colocado do Grupo A |

Se o resultado for o de empate em qualquer uma das partidas desta fase, classificam-se para a próxima fase as vencedoras na cobrança de pênaltis.

### Final
A Final é disputada pelas duas equipes classificadas na fase anterior, que disputam entre si uma só partida, conforme tabela definida da seguinte forma:
| Disputa                       |
| ----------------------------- |
| Vencedor SF 1 x Vencedor SF 2 |

A equipe vencedora é declarada Campeã da Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil e a perdedora a Vice-Campeã. Se o resultado for o de empate em qualquer uma das partidas desta fase, o campeão é conhecido através de cobrança de pênaltis.

## Classificatória

### Grupo A
| Pos | Time                         | Pts | J | V | E | D | GP | GS | SG |
| --- | ---------------------------- | --- | - | - | - | - | -- | -- | -- |
| 1   | Defensor Sporting            | 12  | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 5  | +6 |
| 2   | Futebol Cruzeiro de Santiago | 9   | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 4  | 7  | -3 |
| 3   | Internacional                | 9   | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 7  | 6  | +1 |
| 4   | Atlético Paranaense          | 3   | 5 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8  | 13 | -5 |
| 5   | Universidad de Chile         | 3   | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 6  | 11 | -5 |

### Grupo B
| Pos | Time            | Pts | J | V | E | D | GP | GS | SG  |
| --- | --------------- | --- | - | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- |
| 1   | Danubio         | 12  | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 4  | +10 |
| 2   | Guaraní         | 9   | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9  | 6  | +3  |
| 3   | América Mineiro | 7   | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5  | 5  | 0   |
| 4   | Vasco da Gama   | 4   | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7  | 11 | -4  |
| 5   | Grêmio          | 4   | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7  | 10 | -3  |

## Segunda fase

### Grupo A
| Pos | Time                         | Pts | J | V | E | D | GP | GS | SG |
| --- | ---------------------------- | --- | - | - | - | - | -- | -- | -- |
| 1   | Defensor Sporting            | 6   | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4  | 1  | +3 |
| 2   | Internacional                | 3   | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2  | 1  | +1 |
| 3   | Futebol Cruzeiro de Santiago | 0   | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1  | 5  | -4 |

### Grupo B
| Pos | Time            | Pts | J | V | E | D | GP | GS | SG |
| --- | --------------- | --- | - | - | - | - | -- | -- | -- |
| 1   | América Mineiro | 3   | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3  | 3  | 0  |
| 2   | Danubio         | 3   | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3  | 4  | -1 |
| 3   | Guaraní         | 3   | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2  | 1  | +1 |

|  | Semifinais        | Semifinais        | Semifinais    |               |                   | Final             | Final | Final |  |
|  |                   |                   |               |               |                   |                   |       |       |  |
|  | Defensor Sporting | Defensor Sporting | 1(5)          |               |                   |                   |       |       |  |
|  | Defensor Sporting | Defensor Sporting | 1(5)          |               |                   |                   |       |       |  |
|  | Danubio           | Danubio           | 1(4)          |               |                   |                   |       |       |  |
|  | Danubio           | Danubio           | 1(4)          |               | Defensor Sporting | Defensor Sporting | 1     |       |  |
|  |                   |                   |               |               | Defensor Sporting | Defensor Sporting | 1     |       |  |
|  |                   |                   | Internacional | Internacional | 3                 |                   |       |       |  |
|  | América Mineiro   | América Mineiro   | Internacional | Internacional | 3                 | 0(1)              |       |       |  |
|  | América Mineiro   | América Mineiro   |               |               |                   |                   |       |       |  |
|  | Internacional     | Internacional     | 0(2)          |               |                   |                   |       |       |  |

## Premiações
| Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2011 |
| Rio Grande do Sul                        |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| Internacional Campeão (10º título)       |

wikiname: ptwiki

in_language: pt

wikitext:
{{Mais notas|data=abril de 2025}}
{{Info/Campeonato de futebol
| largura            =
| genero             =
| temporada          =
| nome               = 23ª Copa Santiago de
Futebol Juvenil
| nomecódigo         = Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2011
| logo               =
| legenda_logo       =
| poster             =
| legenda_poster     =
| n_participantes    = 10
| organização        = Futebol Cruzeiro de Santiago
| anfitrião          = {{BRAb}} [[Santiago (Rio Grande do Sul)|Santiago]]
| início             = [[7 de janeiro|7]]
| fim                = [[22 de janeiro]]
| golos              = 97
| jogos              = 34
| campeão            = '''{{Futebol Internacional-RS|estado=antes}}''' (11º título)
| vicecampeão        = {{Futebol Danubio|país=antes}}
| terceirolugar      =
| promovidos         =
| rebaixados         =
| interior           =
| artilheiro         =
| fase_inicial       =
| melhor_ataque      =
| melhor_defesa      =
| goleada_time1      =
| goleada_time2      =
| goleada_placar     =
| goleada_local      =
| goleada_cidade     =
| goleada_data       =
| público            =
| público_jogos      =
| público_info       =
| segunda_divisão    =
| campeão_segunda    =
| terceira_divisão   =
| campeão_terceira   =
| quarta_divisão     =
| campeão_quarta     =
| entidade1          =
| melhorjogador      =
| entidade2          =
| melhortreinador    =
| entidade3          =
| melhorárbitro      =
| entidade4          =
| melhorjovem        =
| entidade5          =
| fair_play          =
| entidade6          =
| melhorgoleiro      =
| extra              =
| campeonato_antes   = [[Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2010|2010]]
| campeonato_depois  = [[Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2012|2012]]
| }}
A '''Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2011''' foi a 23ª [[Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil|edição da competição]] que é disputada em [[Santiago (Rio Grande do Sul)|Santiago]] no [[Rio Grande do Sul]]. Nesta edição a competição foi disputada por 10 equipes, de 4 países diferentes.<ref name="superativa">{{Citar web|url=http://www.superativa.com/2011/01/copa-santiago-2011-tabela-de-jogos.html|publicado=Super Ativa|título=Copa Santiago 2011 - Tabela de Jogos|data=11 de janeiro de 2011|acessodata=15 de janeiro de 2014}}</ref>

O {{Futebol Internacional-RS}} venceu o {{Futebol Defensor Sporting}} por 3 a 1 na partida final, tornando-se o Campeão da competição pela 10ª vez.<ref>{{Citar web|url=http://campeaodetudo.com.br/2011/01/copa-santiago-inter-fatura-o-decimo-tiitulo-da-competicao.html|publicado=Campeão de Tudo|título=Copa Santiago: Inter fatura o décimo tíitulo da competição|data=23 de janeiro de 2011|acessodata=9 de janeiro de 2014}}</ref>

== Regulamento ==
A Copa Santiago foi realizada no período de 7 a 22 de janeiro de 2011, com a participação de dez equipes convidadas.

A competição foi disputada pelas equipes participantes, em quatro fases distintas, assim denominadas: Classificatória, Segunda fase, Semifinal, e Final.

=== Classificatória ===
Na primeira fase os jogos são cruzados entre as chaves "A" e "B", classificando-se três times de cada chave para a segunda fase. Ocorrendo igualdade de pontos ganhos entre duas ou mais equipes, em seus respectivos grupos, para apuração da classificação, é adotado sucessivamente e pela ordem os seguintes critérios:
# Maior número de vitórias;
# Menor número de cartões vermelhos recebidos;
# Menor número de cartões amarelos recebidos;
# Sorteio em dia, hora e local designado pela Organização.

=== Segunda fase ===
Na segunda fase os times classificados na fase classificatória jogam entre si, dentro das respectivas chaves definidas na fase anterior. Classificam-se dois de cada chave para a fase semifinal.

=== Semifinais ===
A fase Semifinal é disputada pelas quatro equipes classificadas na fase anterior, que disputam entre si uma só partida, conforme tabela de jogos definida da seguinte forma:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Jogo
!Disputa
|-
|SF 1
|Primeiro colocado do Grupo A x Segundo colocado do Grupo B
|-
|SF 2
|Primeiro colocado do Grupo B x Segundo colocado do Grupo A
|}
Se o resultado for o de empate em qualquer uma das partidas desta fase, classificam-se para a próxima fase as vencedoras na cobrança de pênaltis.

=== Final ===
A Final é disputada pelas duas equipes classificadas na fase anterior, que disputam entre si uma só partida, conforme tabela definida da seguinte forma:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Disputa
|-
|Vencedor SF 1 x Vencedor SF 2
|}
A equipe vencedora é declarada Campeã da Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil e a perdedora a Vice-Campeã. Se o resultado for o de empate em qualquer uma das partidas desta fase, o campeão é conhecido através de cobrança de pênaltis.

== Classificatória ==
{| class="infobox bordered"
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC" style="width: 20px;"| ||Equipes classificadas para a [[#Fase final|fase final]]
|-
|| ||Equipes eliminadas
|}

=== Grupo A ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width="5"|{{Tooltip|Pos|Posição}}
!width="175"|Time
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Pontos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|J|Jogos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|V|Vitórias}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|E|Empates}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|D|Derrotas}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GP|Gols pró (marcados)}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GS|Gols sofridos}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|SG|Saldo de gols}}
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''1'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Defensor Sporting|país=antes}}||'''12'''||5||4||0||1||11||5||+6
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''2'''||align="left" | Futebol Cruzeiro de Santiago||'''9'''||5||3||0||2||4||7||-3
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''3'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Internacional-RS|estado=antes}}||'''9'''||5||3||0||2||7||6||+1
|-
|'''4'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Atlético-PR|estado=antes}}||'''3'''||5||0||3||2||8||13||-5
|-
|'''5'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Universidad de Chile|país=antes}}||'''3'''||5||1||0||4||6||11||-5
|}

=== Grupo B ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width="5"|{{Tooltip|Pos|Posição}}
!width="175"|Time
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Pontos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|J|Jogos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|V|Vitórias}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|E|Empates}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|D|Derrotas}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GP|Gols pró (marcados)}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GS|Gols sofridos}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|SG|Saldo de gols}}
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''1'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Danubio|país=antes}}||'''12'''||5||4||0||1||14||4||+10
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''2'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Guaraní-PAR|país=antes}}||'''9'''||5||3||0||2||9||6||+3
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''3'''||align="left" | {{Futebol América-MG|estado=antes}}||'''7'''||5||2||1||2||5||5||0
|-
|'''4'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Vasco|estado=antes}}||'''4'''||5||1||1||3||7||11||-4
|-
|'''5'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Grêmio|estado=antes}}||'''4'''||5||1||1||3||7||10||-3
|}

== Segunda fase ==
{| class="infobox bordered"
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC" style="width: 20px;"| ||Equipes classificadas para as [[#Semifinais|semifinais]]
|-
|| ||Equipes eliminadas
|}

=== Grupo A ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width="5"|{{Tooltip|Pos|Posição}}
!width="175"|Time
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Pontos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|J|Jogos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|V|Vitórias}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|E|Empates}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|D|Derrotas}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GP|Gols pró (marcados)}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GS|Gols sofridos}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|SG|Saldo de gols}}
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''1'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Defensor Sporting|país=antes}}||'''6'''||2||2||0||0||4||1||+3
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''2'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Internacional-RS|estado=antes}}||'''3'''||2||1||0||1||2||1||+1
|-
|'''3'''||align="left" | Futebol Cruzeiro de Santiago||'''0'''||2||0||0||2||1||5||-4
|}

=== Grupo B ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width="5"|{{Tooltip|Pos|Posição}}
!width="175"|Time
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Pontos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|J|Jogos}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|V|Vitórias}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|E|Empates}}
!width="30"|{{Tooltip|D|Derrotas}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GP|Gols pró (marcados)}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|GS|Gols sofridos}}
!width="35"|{{Tooltip|SG|Saldo de gols}}
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''1'''||align="left" | {{Futebol América-MG|estado=antes}}||'''3'''||2||1||0||1||3||3||0
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
|'''2'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Danubio|país=antes}}||'''3'''||2||1||0||1||3||4||-1
|-
|'''3'''||align="left" | {{Futebol Guaraní-PAR|país=antes}}||'''3'''||2||1||0||1||2||1||+1
|}

{{4TeamBracket
| RD1=Semifinais
| RD2=Final

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1  = '''{{Futebol Defensor Sporting|país=antes}}'''
| RD1-score1 = '''1(5)'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2  = {{Futebol Danubio|país=antes}}
| RD1-score2 = 1(4)

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3  = {{Futebol América-MG|país=antes}}
| RD1-score3 = 0(1)
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4  = '''{{Futebol Internacional-RS|país=antes}}'''
| RD1-score4 = '''0(2)'''

| RD2-team1  = {{Futebol Defensor Sporting|país=antes}}
| RD2-score1 = 1
| RD2-team2  = '''{{Futebol Internacional-RS|país=antes}}'''
| RD2-score2 = '''3'''
}}

== Premiações ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto; width: 240px;"
|-
!Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil de 2011
|-
!align="center"|[[Ficheiro:Bandeira do Rio Grande do Sul.svg|100px|border|Rio Grande do Sul]]
|-
|align="center"|'''{{Futebol Internacional-RS}}'''
'''Campeão'''
(10º título)
|}

{{Referências}}

== Ligações externas ==
*[http://www.copasantiago.com.br/ Página oficial]

{{Portal3|Futebol|Rio Grande do Sul}}
[[Categoria:Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil|2011]]

title: Dados

Organização: Futebol Cruzeiro de Santiago

Anfitrião: Santiago

Período: 7 – 22 de janeiro

Média: 2,85 gol(o)s por partida

Campeão: ' Internacional' (11º título)

Vice-campeão: Danubio


text:
# Estación de Zumalakarregi
Zumalakarregi fue una estación ferroviaria subterránea, con servicios de cercanías de Euskotren Trena, que estaba situada en las inmediaciones del Ayuntamiento de Bilbao, en el barrio de Uríbarri de la capital vizcaína. Tomaba su nombre de la homónima Avenida de Zumalakarregi —nombrada por el militar Tomás de Zumalacárregui—, cuyo recorrido se inicia a la altura donde se encuentra la estación, en una vaguada que la avenida asciende mediante varias curvas hasta la Plaza del Músico Guridi. en dirección a Begoña.
La estación correspondía a la antigua Línea 4 de Euskotren Trena, también conocida como línea del Txorierri. Abierta en 1996, fue definitivamente clausurada el 15 de mayo de 2010, debido a las obras de construcción de la línea L3 del metro de Bilbao. En el año 2017, con la apertura de la nueva línea metropolitana, se sustituyó por la adyacente estación de Uribarri. Dicha estación nueva, igualmente subterránea, forma parte de la línea de cercanías E3 de Euskotren Trena, sucesora de la antigua Línea 4, con lo que aún hoy permanecen unidas por ferrocarril esta zona de Bilbao y la comarca del Valle de Asúa, además de otras zonas del este de Vizcaya y Guipúzcoa, gracias a una mayor oferta actual de líneas.

## Origen de la estación
La estación fue construida para mantener la utilidad del trazado sobrante del Ferrocarril de Bilbao a Plencia que no se integró como línea de metro (entre San Ignacio y el Casco Viejo), el cual entre 1995 y 1996 había sido empalmado con la línea férrea al Valle de Asúa (de Bilbao a Lezama), en calidad de extensión de la misma, bajo pretensión también de reforzar su rendimiento.
A modo aclarativo, cabe mencionar que por la vaguada en la que se encuentra esta estación, pasaba, además de la traza férrea de Bilbao a Plencia en la que fue implementada (de vía doble, a nivel subterráneo), la del ferrocarril de Bilbao a Lezama (de vía única y a una cota superior), con la cual había quedado unida a la altura del Casco Viejo mediante la mencionada operación. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, los trenes de la antigua Línea 4 con origen en las extintas estaciones de cabecera occidentales de San Inazio (1996-2000) o de Deustu (2000-2010), que primero efectuaban parada en Zumalakarregi, volvían a la misma zona tras pasar por la estación de Zazpi Kaleak-Casco Viejo, siendo dichos trenes visibles desde el exterior de la estación, circulando a nivel superior. Lo mismo sucedía con las circulaciones en sentido inverso, con lo que los trenes llegaban a la vaguada de la Avenida de Zumalacárregui minutos antes de poder efectuar parada en la estación allí ubicada, a cota inferior, siendo necesario el paso por el Casco Viejo (más al este) en su trayecto hacia el barrio de Deusto.
Esa misma situación podía verse, asimismo, en la estación anterior (sentido Lezama) o posterior (sentido Deusto) a Zumalakarregi: Matiko, original de la línea Bilbao–Plencia (hoy reformada y parte de la línea E3/L3), puesto que la traza de la línea de Plencia continúa también a esa altura paralela a la de Lezama, a la que correspondía la estación de Loruri-Ciudad Jardín, situada a escasos metros de la de Matiko. Al ofrecer Matiko mejores instalaciones y conexiones, Loruri-Ciudad Jardín quedó inhabilitada entre 1996 y 2010 a fin de evitar realizar dos paradas en la misma zona. La estación fue después reabierta temporalmente hasta 2015, para así mantener el servicio en la zona tras el cierre del tramo restante de la línea Bilbao–Plencia, a consecuencia de las obras del nuevo trazado a utilizar en un futuro por el metro. Dicha nueva infraestructura, por su parte, fue a su vez ideada para permitir el acceso directo al centro de Bilbao a los convoyes de Euskotren Trena provenientes de Bermeo (E4) y San Sebastián.(E1), que tradicionalmente habían tenido su cabecera en la veterana y algo apartada estación de Achuri. Gracias a la nueva variante, el trayecto "Ola (Sondica)–Matico–Uríbarri–Casco Viejo" (de oeste a este) se realiza hoy de manera lineal, conforme a la posición geográfica de cada lugar, quedando definitivamente suprimido el recorrido redundante, innecesario (al no preverse su paso por Deusto) e ineficiente que durante casi dos décadas (1996-2015) realizaron los trenes de la línea del Txorierri: "Ola–Casco Viejo–Uríbarri–Matico", en el mismo sentido descrito antes.
| Procedencia/Destino | <      | Línea     | >                        | Procedencia/Destino |
| ------------------- | ------ | --------- | ------------------------ | ------------------- |
| Deustu              | Matiko | (Extinta) | Zazpi Kaleak-Casco Viejo | Lezama              |

## Tras el cierre
A día de hoy, el recinto subterráneo que acogía los andenes de Zumalakarregi sigue existiendo, pero se encuentra clausurado, fuera de uso y en la práctica desmantelado, sin vías ni circulación alguna.
Por otro lado, las competencias sobre el notable ascensor construido por Euskotren para facilitar el acceso a la estación de los vecinos de Uríbarri y Zurbarán, gestionado por la compañía ferroviaria entre 1996 y 2018, fueron transferidas por el Gobierno Vasco al Ayuntamiento de Bilbao. La corporación local lo mantiene como lanzadera gratuita entre dichos barrios y la zona del ayuntamiento, para salvar el desnivel de la vaguada, como alternativa a las dos escaleras aledañas y a la acera de la propia Avenida de Zumalakarregi. A diferencia de hoy, en su día su uso era gratuito solo para aquellos que utilizasen el tren antes o después del ascensor. La gestión del elevador corresponde hoy a la compañía del Funicular de Archanda (Artxandako Funikularra), al igual que sucede con otros ascensores públicos de la villa.
El visible portal de acceso a la antigua estación subterránea, donde se encontraban la taquilla, las máquinas de venta de billetes y las canceladoras (ya retiradas), también se mantiene, pero solo como soportal de acceso al ascensor. Por consiguiente, ya no luce ni el logotipo ni el color corporativo (azul) de Euskotren, pues ha sido sustituido por la identidad corporativa (en rojo) de la compañía explotadora municipal. A escasos metros del soportal se encuentra el acceso de Zumalakarregi de la estación de Uribarri, heredera directa de la presente, con servicios de metro y cercanías de Euskotren.
Cabe señalar que la zona superior del elevador también ha sufrido cambios importantes en su ordenación urbana en la última década. La conocida como Campa de las Piedritas, ubicada en la zona superior de la vaguada, fue extendida artificialmente hasta el punto en que se encuentra el ascensor. En el espacio a rellenar entre la rampa natural de la vaguada y la nueva superficie, se construyó un aparcamiento municipal subterráneo para automóviles, operación en la cual fue soterrada, y quedó oculta, la vía de la línea Bilbao–Lezama. Desde la apertura al tráfico de dicha variante en 1908, su única vía había transcurrido siempre al aire libre, siendo visible desde las inmediaciones a su paso bajo el arco del ascensor. Dicho arco, que consistía fundamentalmente en una pasarela para peatones que unía el alto de la vaguada (la campa) con la columna recorrida por el elevador, desapareció en la misma operación, al ser innecesaria. En superficie se erigieron unas instalaciones deportivas (canchas). Sobre el párking subterráneo, paralela a la vía soterrada de Lezama (ya desmantelada tras las obras del metro), transcurre hoy la nueva calle de las Piedritas.

wikiname: eswiki

title: Estación de Zumalakarregi

in_language: es

wikitext:
{{Ficha de estación
|nombre         = Zumalakarregi
''(Fuera de servicio)''
|tipo_uso2      = [[Euskotren Trena]]
|uso2           = Sin servicio:
{{metro|4|#006131}}{{metro|Zazpi Kaleak - Lezama|#006131|b}}
|imagen=|pie_imagen=Aspecto del portal de acceso a la estación en 2010}}

'''Zumalakarregi''' fue una estación ferroviaria subterránea, con servicios de [[Tren de cercanías|cercanías]] de [[Euskotren Trena]], que estaba situada en las inmediaciones del [[Casa consistorial de Bilbao|Ayuntamiento de Bilbao]], en el barrio de [[Uríbarri (barrio)|Uríbarri]] de la [[Bilbao|capital]] [[Vizcaya|vizcaína]]. Tomaba su nombre de la homónima Avenida de Zumalakarregi —nombrada por el militar [[Tomás de Zumalacárregui]]—, cuyo recorrido se inicia a la altura donde se encuentra la estación, en una vaguada que la avenida asciende mediante varias curvas hasta la Plaza del Músico [[Jesús Guridi|Guridi]]. en dirección a [[Barrio de Begoña|Begoña]].

La estación correspondía a la antigua ''Línea 4'' de Euskotren Trena, también conocida como ''línea del [[Valle de Asúa|Txorierri]]''. Abierta en 1996, fue definitivamente clausurada el 15 de mayo de 2010, debido a las obras de construcción de la [[Línea 3 (Metro de Bilbao)|línea L3 del metro de Bilbao]]. En el año 2017, con la apertura de la nueva línea metropolitana, se sustituyó por la adyacente [[estación de Uribarri]]. Dicha estación nueva, igualmente subterránea, forma parte de la [[Línea E3 (Euskotren Trena)|línea de cercanías E3 de Euskotren Trena]], sucesora de la antigua Línea 4, con lo que aún hoy permanecen unidas por ferrocarril esta zona de Bilbao y la comarca del Valle de Asúa, además de otras zonas del este de Vizcaya y [[Guipúzcoa]], gracias a una mayor oferta actual de líneas.

== Origen de la estación ==
{{VT|Línea_E3_(Euskotren_Trena)#La_influencia_del_metro_de_Bilbao|l1=Influencia del metro de Bilbao en la línea E3 de Euskotren Trena}}
La estación fue construida para mantener la utilidad del trazado sobrante del Ferrocarril de Bilbao a Plencia [[Historia del Metro de Bilbao|que no se integró como línea de metro]] (entre San Ignacio y el [[Casco Viejo (Bilbao)|Casco Viejo]]), el cual entre 1995 y 1996 había sido empalmado con la línea férrea al Valle de Asúa (de Bilbao a [[Lezama (Vizcaya)|Lezama]]), en calidad de extensión de la misma, bajo pretensión también de reforzar su rendimiento.

A modo aclarativo, cabe mencionar que por la vaguada en la que se encuentra esta estación, pasaba, además de la traza férrea de Bilbao a Plencia en la que fue implementada (de vía doble, a nivel subterráneo), la del ferrocarril de Bilbao a Lezama (de vía única y a una cota superior), con la cual había quedado unida a la altura del Casco Viejo mediante la mencionada operación. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, los trenes de la antigua Línea 4 con origen en las extintas estaciones de cabecera occidentales de ''San Inazio'' (1996-2000) o de ''Deustu'' (2000-2010), que primero efectuaban parada en Zumalakarregi, volvían a la misma zona tras pasar por la estación de ''[[Estación de Zazpikaleak/Casco Viejo|Zazpi Kaleak-Casco Viejo]]'', siendo dichos trenes visibles desde el exterior de la estación, circulando a nivel superior. Lo mismo sucedía con las circulaciones en sentido inverso, con lo que los trenes llegaban a la vaguada de la Avenida de Zumalacárregui minutos antes de poder efectuar parada en la estación allí ubicada, a cota inferior, siendo necesario el paso por el Casco Viejo (más al este) en su trayecto hacia el barrio de [[Deusto]].

[[Archivo:Bilbao - Acceso estación Uribarri 01.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|275x275px|Acceso a la nueva [[Estación de Uribarri|estación subterránea de Uribarri]] de Euskotren Trena (líneas E1/E3/L3/E4), ubicado al lado del portal de acceso a la antigua estación de Zumalakarregi, hoy mantenido para dar servicio al ascensor.

Este cañón de acceso fue implementado en ese preciso lugar aprovechando la boca de un túnel ferroviario en ruinas, correspondiente al ''ramal de Matico a Azbarren''. Dicha línea, propiedad del [[Ferrocarril de Santander a Bilbao]], enlazaba la estación original de [[Estación de Matiko|Matiko]] con la extinta [[Estación de Ariz-Basauri|estación de Azbarren]], en [[Basauri]].|alt=]]

Esa misma situación podía verse, asimismo, en la estación anterior (sentido Lezama) o posterior (sentido Deusto) a Zumalakarregi: [[Estación de Matiko|Matiko]], original de la línea Bilbao–Plencia (hoy reformada y parte de la línea E3/L3), puesto que la traza de la línea de Plencia continúa también a esa altura paralela a la de Lezama, a la que correspondía la estación de ''Loruri-Ciudad Jardín'', situada a escasos metros de la de Matiko. Al ofrecer Matiko mejores instalaciones y conexiones, ''Loruri-Ciudad Jardín'' quedó inhabilitada entre 1996 y 2010 a fin de evitar realizar dos paradas en la misma zona. La estación fue después reabierta temporalmente hasta 2015, para así mantener el servicio en la zona tras el cierre del tramo restante de la línea Bilbao–Plencia, a consecuencia de las obras del nuevo trazado a utilizar en un futuro por el metro. Dicha nueva infraestructura, por su parte, fue a su vez ideada para permitir el acceso directo al centro de Bilbao a los convoyes de Euskotren Trena provenientes de [[Bermeo]] ([[Línea E4 (Euskotren Trena)|E4]]) y [[San Sebastián]].([[Línea E1 (Euskotren Trena)|E1]]), que tradicionalmente habían tenido su cabecera en la veterana y algo apartada [[Estación de Atxuri|estación de Achuri]]. Gracias a la nueva variante, el trayecto "Ola (Sondica)–Matico–Uríbarri–Casco Viejo" (de oeste a este) se realiza hoy de manera lineal, conforme a la posición geográfica de cada lugar, quedando definitivamente suprimido el recorrido redundante, innecesario (al no preverse su paso por Deusto) e ineficiente que durante casi dos décadas (1996-2015) realizaron los trenes de la ''línea del Txorierri'': "Ola–Casco Viejo–Uríbarri–Matico", en el mismo sentido descrito antes.

{| class="wikitable left"
! Procedencia/Destino !! < !! Línea !! > !! Procedencia/Destino
|- align="center"
|Deustu ||[[estación de Matiko|Matiko]] ||[[Archivo:Euskotren4.PNG|20px]] '''(Extinta)'''||[[Estación de Zazpikaleak/Casco Viejo|Zazpi Kaleak-Casco Viejo]] ||[[estación de Lezama|Lezama]]
|}

== Tras el cierre ==
A día de hoy, el recinto subterráneo que acogía los andenes de Zumalakarregi sigue existiendo, pero se encuentra clausurado, fuera de uso y en la práctica desmantelado, sin vías ni circulación alguna.

Por otro lado, las competencias sobre el notable ascensor construido por Euskotren para facilitar el acceso a la estación de los vecinos de Uríbarri y Zurbarán, gestionado por la compañía ferroviaria entre 1996 y 2018, fueron transferidas<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ascensores-montacargas.com/ascensor-de-zumalakarregi-a-bilbao/|título=El Gobierno Vasco cede el ascensor de Zumalakarregi a Bilbao|fechaacceso=27 de agosto de 2019|fecha=1 de marzo de 2019|sitioweb=Ascensores|idioma=es|fechaarchivo=27 de agosto de 2019|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827152432/https://ascensores-montacargas.com/ascensor-de-zumalakarregi-a-bilbao/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> por el [[Gobierno Vasco]] al [[Ayuntamiento de Bilbao]]. La corporación local lo mantiene como lanzadera gratuita entre dichos barrios y la zona del ayuntamiento, para salvar el desnivel de la vaguada, como alternativa a las dos escaleras aledañas y a la acera de la propia Avenida de Zumalakarregi. A diferencia de hoy, en su día su uso era gratuito solo para aquellos que utilizasen el tren antes o después del ascensor. La gestión del elevador corresponde hoy a la compañía del [[Funicular de Archanda]] (Artxandako Funikularra), al igual que sucede con otros ascensores públicos de la villa.

El visible portal de acceso a la antigua estación subterránea, donde se encontraban la taquilla, las máquinas de venta de billetes y las canceladoras (ya retiradas), también se mantiene, pero solo como soportal de acceso al ascensor. Por consiguiente, ya no luce ni el logotipo ni el color corporativo (azul) de Euskotren, pues ha sido sustituido por la [[identidad corporativa]] (en rojo) de la compañía explotadora municipal. A escasos metros del soportal se encuentra el acceso de ''Zumalakarregi'' de la [[estación de Uribarri]], heredera directa de la presente, con servicios de [[Metro (sistema de transporte)|metro]] y [[Tren de cercanías|cercanías]] de Euskotren.

Cabe señalar que la zona superior del elevador también ha sufrido cambios importantes en su ordenación urbana en la última década. La conocida como Campa de las Piedritas, ubicada en la zona superior de la vaguada, fue extendida artificialmente hasta el punto en que se encuentra el ascensor. En el espacio a rellenar entre la rampa natural de la vaguada y la nueva superficie, se construyó un aparcamiento municipal subterráneo para automóviles,<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.bilbao.eus/cs/Satellite?c=Page&calle=6070&cid=1272990695486&consulta=detalle&idAparcamiento=1279123241374&language=es&pageid=1272990695486&pagename=Bilbaonet/Page/BIO_HomeAparcamientos&portal=35&res=si|título=Aparcamientos Municipales para Residentes - Campa de Las Piedritas|fechaacceso=27 de agosto de 2019|sitioweb=www.bilbao.eus|idioma=es}}</ref> operación en la cual fue soterrada, y quedó oculta, la vía de la línea Bilbao–Lezama. Desde la apertura al tráfico de dicha variante en 1908, su única vía había transcurrido siempre al aire libre, siendo visible desde las inmediaciones a su paso bajo el arco del ascensor. Dicho arco, que consistía fundamentalmente en una pasarela para peatones que unía el alto de la vaguada (la campa) con la columna recorrida por el elevador, desapareció en la misma operación, al ser innecesaria. En superficie se erigieron unas instalaciones deportivas (canchas). Sobre el párking subterráneo, paralela a la vía soterrada de Lezama (ya desmantelada tras las obras del metro), transcurre hoy la nueva calle de las Piedritas.

== Véase también ==

* [[Línea 3 (Metro de Bilbao)]]
*[[Línea E3 (Euskotren Trena)]]
* [[Metro de Bilbao]]
*[[Euskotren Trena]]

== Referencias ==
{{listaref}}

{{Control de autoridades}}
{{ORDENAR:Zumalakarregi}}
[[Categoría:Estaciones de Metro Bilbao|Zumalakarregi]]
[[Categoría:Euskotren]]

title: Ubicación

Euskotren Trena: Sin servicio: · 4Zazpi Kaleak - Lezama


text:
# Sebastian Ziegelmayer
Sebastian Ziegelmayer es un deportista alemán que compitió para la RFA en vela en la clase Soling. Ganó una medalla de plata en el Campeonato Europeo de Soling de 1980.

## Palmarés internacional
| Campeonato Europeo | Campeonato Europeo   | Campeonato Europeo | Campeonato Europeo |
| Año                | Lugar                | Medalla            | Clase              |
| ------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| 1980               | Helsinki (Finlandia) | Medalla de plata   | Soling             |

title: Sebastian Ziegelmayer

wikitext:
{{Ficha de deportista
|nombre              = Sebastian Ziegelmayer
|lugar nacimiento    =
|fecha nacimiento    =
|lugar fallecimiento =
|fecha fallecimiento =
|representante       = {{RFA|RFA}}
|deporte             = [[Vela (deporte)|Vela]]
|medallas            =
{{Medalla deportiva|[[Soling]] masculino}}
{{Tabla de medallas
| [[Campeonato Europeo de Soling|Campeonato Europeo]] |0|1|0
}}
}}

'''Sebastian Ziegelmayer''' es un deportista [[Alemania|alemán]] que compitió para la [[Alemania Occidental|RFA]] en [[Vela (deporte)|vela]] en la clase [[Soling]]. Ganó una medalla de plata en el [[Campeonato Europeo de Soling|Campeonato Europeo de Soling de 1980]].{{antigid|id=20250406083147|direc=https://www.soling.com/results/ShowResults.asp?ID=1270|título=1980 European Championship|sitioweb=soling.com|fechaacceso=6 de abril de 2025|idioma=en}}

== Palmarés internacional ==
{| class="wikitable center col2izq" style="text-align:center;width:445px;"
|+[[Soling]]
! colspan=4| [[Campeonato Europeo de Soling|Campeonato Europeo]]
|-
! Año
! Lugar
! Medalla
! Clase
|-
| [[Campeonato Europeo de Soling|1980]]
| [[Helsinki]] {{CdP|FIN}}
| {{Med-p}}
| Soling
|}

== Referencias ==
{{listaref}}

{{NF|siglo XX||Ziegelmayer, Sebastian}}
[[Categoría:Regatistas de Alemania]]
[[Categoría:Regatistas de la clase Soling]]
[[Categoría:Alemanes del siglo XX]]

title: Carrera deportiva

Representante de: RFA

Deporte: Vela

title: Soling masculino

Evento: O · P · B