text:
# Darío Moreno
Darío Moreno (ur. 3 kwietnia 1921 Smyrna, Grecja - obecnie Turcja, zm. 1 grudnia 1968) – francuski piosenkarz i aktor.

## Filmografia
- 1953: Cena strachu jako Hernandez
- 1959: Czy chciałby pan ze mną zatańczyć? jako pan  Florès, mąż Anity
- 1966: Hotel Paradiso jako Turek

title: Darío Moreno

wikitext:
{{Artysta muzyczny infobox
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 |opis zdjęcia          =
 |alt zdjęcia           =
 |imię i nazwisko       = Darío Moreno
 |pseudonim             =
 |data urodzenia        = 3 kwietnia 1921
 |miejsce urodzenia     =
 |data śmierci          = 1 grudnia 1968
 |miejsce śmierci       = [[Smyrna]], [[Grecja]] - obecnie [[Turcja]]
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'''Darío Moreno''' (ur. 3 kwietnia 1921 [[Smyrna]], [[Grecja]] - obecnie [[Turcja]], zm. 1 grudnia 1968) – [[Francja|francuski]] piosenkarz i aktor<ref>[https://www.filmweb.pl/person/Dar%C3%ADo+Moreno-51956 Filmweb]</ref>.

== Filmografia ==
* [[1953 w filmie|1953]]: [[Cena strachu (film 1953)|Cena strachu]] jako Hernandez
* [[1959 w filmie|1959]]: [[Czy chciałby pan ze mną zatańczyć?]] jako pan  Florès, mąż Anity
* [[1966 w filmie|1966]]: [[Hotel Paradiso]] jako Turek

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy}}

{{Kontrola autorytatywna}}
{{SORTUJ:Moreno, Darío}}

[[Kategoria:Francuscy wokaliści]]
[[Kategoria:Francuscy aktorzy filmowi]]
[[Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1921]]
[[Kategoria:Zmarli w 1968]]

Imię i nazwisko: Darío Moreno

Data i miejsce urodzenia: 3 kwietnia 1921 · Izmir

Data i miejsce śmierci: 1 grudnia 1968 · Smyrna, Grecja - obecnie Turcja


text:
# Добелиньская-Элишевская, Тереза
Тереза Катажина Добелиньская-Элишевская (пол. Teresa Katarzyna Dobielińska-Eliszewska; 22 апреля 1941 года, Радомско, Генерал-губернаторство — 8 января 2016 года, Ольштын, Польша) — польская политик, врач-онколог, депутат Сейма Польской Народной Республики IX и X созывов, вице-маршал Сейма X созыва.

## Биография
В 1965 году окончила обучение в Медицинской академии в Познани. В том же году начала работать в службе охраны здоровья в Ольштыне. В 1974 году стала руководителем Воеводской онкологической лечебницы и ординатором отдела онкологии Центра здравоохранения в Ольштыне. Исполняла функции руководителя направления Польского онкологического братства.
В 1969 году стала членом Демократической партии, по списку которой в 1978—1984 была членом Городского национального совета Ольштына. В 1989—1991 член ЦК и член Президиума ЦК этой партии. В 1985—1991 годах депутат Сейма ПНР IX и X каденций. В переходном сейме занимала пост вице-маршала. В апреле 1991 года неудачно выдвигалась на должность главы партии. Также неудачно баллотировалась в Сейм на выборах 1991 года в эльблонгско-ольштынском округе.
После ухода из активной политики вернулась в медицину. Работала врачом-онкологом. Также была членом региональных органов партии на Вармии и Мазурах. В 1999 стала членом Регионального совета партии.
Скончалась 8 января 2016 года. Похоронена 12 января в семейном склепе в селе Дывиты. Отпевание прошло в костёле Христа-Искупителя человека в Ольштыне.
Награждена кавалерским крестом ордена Polonia Restituta, золотым и серебряным крестом Заслуг, знаком «Заслуженный Вармии и Мазур» и медалью «40-летие Народной Польши».

wikiname: ruwiki

title: Добелиньская-Элишевская, Тереза

in_language: ru

wikitext:
{{Государственный деятель
 | имя = Тереза Добелиньская-Элишевская
 | оригинал имени = {{lang-pl|Teresa Dobielińska-Eliszewska}}
 | изображение =
 | ширина =
 | описание изображения =
 | имя при рождении =
 | должность = Вице-маршал [[Сейм ПНР|Сейма Польской Народной Республики]] X созыва
 | флаг = Godło PRL 1980.svg
 | флаг2 = Flag of Poland.svg
 | периодначало = 4 июля 1989
 | периодконец = 25 ноября 1991
 | должность_2 = Депутат [[Сейм ПНР|Сейма Польской Народной Республики]] IX и X созывов
 | флаг_2 = Godło PRL 1980.svg
 | флаг2_2 = Flag of Poland.svg
 | периодначало_2 = 13 октября 1985
 | периодконец_2 = 25 ноября 1991
 | дата рождения = 22.04.1941
 | место рождения = {{МР|Радомско|в Радомско}}, [[Генерал-губернаторство (Польша)|Генерал-губернаторство]], [[Третий рейх|Германия]]
 | дата смерти = 8.01.2016
 | место смерти = {{МС|Ольштын}}, [[Варминьско-Мазурское воеводство]], [[Польша]]
 | образование = [[Познанский медицинский университет|Познанская медицинская академия]]
 | учёная степень =
 | учёное звание =
 | вероисповедание =
 | партия = [[Демократическая партия (Польша)|Демократическая партия]]
 | деятельность = врач-онколог, политик
 | отец =
 | мать =
 | супруг =
 | дети =
 | награды = {{награды начало}}
{{строка|{{Орден Возрождения Польши 5 степени}}|{{Золотой крест Заслуги}}|{{Серебряный крест Заслуги}}}}
{{строка|{{Медаль 40-летие Народной Польши}}}}
{{награды конец}}
 | автограф =
 | ширина автографа =
 | сайт =
}}

'''Тереза Катажина Добелиньская-Элишевская''' ({{lang-pl|Teresa Katarzyna Dobielińska-Eliszewska}}; [[22 апреля]] [[1941 год]]а, [[Радомско]], [[Генерал-губернаторство (Третий рейх)|Генерал-губернаторство]] — [[8 января]] [[2016 год]]а, [[Ольштын]], [[Польша]]<ref name="nek">{{cite web|url=http://www.wspomnijbliskich.pl/nekrologi/teresa-dobielinska-eliszewska/44747328|title=Teresa Dobielińska-Eliszewska: Nekrologi|date=2016-01-11|website=wspomnijbliskich.pl|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20160113054427/http://www.wspomnijbliskich.pl/nekrologi/teresa-dobielinska-eliszewska/44747328|archivedate=2016-01-13}}</ref>) — польская политик, врач-[[Онкология|онколог]], депутат [[Сейм ПНР|Сейма Польской Народной Республики]] IX и X созывов, вице-маршал Сейма X созыва.

== Биография ==
В 1965 году окончила обучение в [[Познанский медицинский университет|Медицинской академии]] в [[Познань|Познани]]. В том же году начала работать в службе охраны здоровья в [[Ольштын]]е. В 1974 году стала руководителем Воеводской онкологической лечебницы и ординатором отдела онкологии Центра здравоохранения в Ольштыне. Исполняла функции руководителя направления Польского онкологического братства.

В 1969 году стала членом [[Демократическая партия (Польша)|Демократической партии]], по списку которой в 1978—1984 была членом Городского национального совета Ольштына<ref>''Teresa Dobielińska-Eliszewska'', w: ''Kto jest kim w polityce polskiej'', Warszawa 1993, s. 64.</ref>. В 1989—1991 член ЦК и член Президиума ЦК этой партии. В 1985—1991 годах [[Сейм Республики Польша|депутат Сейма ПНР]] IX и X каденций. В переходном сейме занимала пост вице-маршала. В апреле 1991 года неудачно выдвигалась на должность главы партии<ref>Waldemar Żebrowski, ''Stronnictwo Demokratyczne w warunkach demokratyzacji ustroju politycznego'', Olsztyńska Szkoła Wyższa, Olsztyn 2003, s. 202.</ref>. Также неудачно баллотировалась в Сейм [[Парламентские выборы в Польше (1991)|на выборах 1991 года]] в [[Эльблонгское воеводство|эльблонгско]]-[[Ольштынское воеводство|ольштынском]] округе.

После ухода из активной политики вернулась в медицину. Работала врачом-онкологом. Также была членом региональных органов партии [[Варминьско-Мазурское воеводство|на Вармии и Мазурах]]. В 1999 стала членом Регионального совета партии.

Скончалась 8 января 2016 года<ref>''Nekrologi'', «Gazeta Olsztyńska» nr 7 z 11 stycznia 2016, s. 13.</ref>. Похоронена 12 января в семейном склепе в селе [[Дывиты]]. Отпевание прошло в костёле Христа-Искупителя человека в Ольштыне<ref name="nek"/>.

Награждена кавалерским крестом [[Орден Возрождения Польши|ордена Polonia Restituta]]<ref>''Ostatnie w IX kadencji spotkanie Klubu Poselskiego SD'', «Kurier Polski» nr 105 z 31 maja 1989, s. 3.</ref>, золотым и серебряным [[Крест Заслуги (Польша)|крестом Заслуг]], знаком «Заслуженный Вармии и Мазур»<ref>''Kierownictwo CK SD'', «Kurier Polski» nr 85 z 2 maja 1989, s. 3.</ref> и [[Юбилейная медаль «40 лет Народной Польши»|медалью «40-летие Народной Польши»]].

== Примечания ==
{{примечания}}

== Ссылки ==
* [http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/67021600f180f322c125681600312192/0109cd3d5ab1b33ec1256815004db6f5?OpenDocument Strona sejmowa posła X kadencji] {{Wayback|url=http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/67021600f180f322c125681600312192/0109cd3d5ab1b33ec1256815004db6f5?OpenDocument |date=20080224132604 }}

{{внешние ссылки}}
[[Категория:Члены Демократической партии (Польша)]]
[[Категория:Онкологи Польши]]
[[Категория:Депутаты Сейма ПНР]]

title: Вице-маршал Сейма Польской Народной Республики X созыва

Вице-маршал Сейма Польской Народной Республики X созыва: 4 июля 1989 — 25 ноября 1991

title: Депутат Сейма Польской Народной Республики IX и X созывов

Депутат Сейма Польской Народной Республики IX и X созывов: 13 октября 1985 — 25 ноября 1991

Рождение: 22 апреля 1941 · Радомско, Генерал-губернаторство, Германия

Смерть: 8 января 2016 (74 года) · Ольштын, Варминьско-Мазурское воеводство, Польша

Партия: Демократическая партия

Образование: Познанская медицинская академия

Деятельность: врач-онколог, политик

Награды: Кавалер Рыцарского креста ордена Возрождения Польши · Золотой крест Заслуги · Серебряный крест Заслуги

title: Деятельность


text:
# Казанская Арчада
Казанская Арчада — село в Каменском районе Пензенской области Российской Федерации, входит в состав Покрово-Арчадинского сельсовета.

## География
Село находится на берегу реки Арчада в 9 км на север от центра сельсовета села Покровская Арчада и в 28 км на юго-восток от райцентра Каменки.

## История
Основано помещиками Ниротморцевыми у вершины Арчады во второй половине 18 в. Названо по храму во имя Казанской иконы Божьей Матери и р. Арчаде. С 1780 г. — селение Пензенского уезда. В 1785 г. — д. Арчада Петра Ивановича Ниротморцева, у него 172 ревизских души. В 1802 г. он основал в селе конный завод для выращивания арабских и других пород рысистых лошадей. В 1790 г. в селе Арчаде 46 дворов, помещицей показана Анна Ивановна Миротворцева. Определение «Казанская» появилось для отличия от Покровской Арчады, когда там в 1817 г. была построена Казанская церковь. С 1831 г. коннозаводское дело продолжил надворный советник Александр Андреевич Ниротморцев. В 1858 г. у него на заводе 7 племенных жеребцов, 80 маток и 238 незаводских лошадей. В 1822 г. выстроена каменная церковь. В 1877 г. — волостной центр, 103 двора, школа, 2 лавки, синильни, овчарня. В конце 19 в. имелось земское училище. В 1911 г. — село Покровско-Арчадинской волости Пензенского уезда, одна крестьянская община, 153 двора, земская школа, 3 ветряных мельницы, 3 шерсточесалки, одно валяльное и одно овчинное заведения, 2 кузницы, 3 лавки.
С 1932 года село являлось центром сельсовета Телегинского района Средневолжского края (с 1939 года — в составе Пензенской области). В 1955 г. — центр сельсовета Телегинского района, центральная усадьба колхоза имени Кагановича. С 1959 года в составе Каменского района. В 1980-е гг. — центральная усадьба колхоза «Вперед к коммунизму». 22.12.2010 г. Казано-Арчадинский сельсовет упразднен, село вошло в состав Покрово-Арчадинского сельсовета.
До 2011 года в селе действовала основная общеобразовательная школа.

## Население
| 1785  | 1790 | 1864 | 1877 | 1897 | 1911 | 1926  |
| ----- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
| 340   | ↗349 | ↗523 | ↗675 | ↗835 | ↗932 | ↗1068 |
| 1930  | 1939 | 1959 | 1979 | 1989 | 1996 | 2002  |
| ↗1130 | ↘854 | ↘480 | ↗521 | ↗636 | ↗698 | ↘564  |
| 2010  |      |      |      |      |      |       |
| ↘531  |      |      |      |      |      |       |

## Инфраструктура
В селе имеются фельдшерско-акушерский пункт, дом культуры, отделение почтовой связи.

## Достопримечательности
В селе расположена недействующая Церковь Казанской иконы Божией Матери (1822).

title: Казанская Арчада

wikitext:
{{НП+Россия
 |статус                   = Село
 |русское название         = Казанская Арчада
 |изображение              =
  |lat_deg = 53.016475
  |lon_deg = 44.229318
  |CoordScale =
 |регион                   = Пензенская область
 |регион в таблице         = Пензенская область
 |район                    = Каменский
 |район в таблице          = Каменский район (Пензенская область){{!}}Каменский
 |вид поселения            = Сельское поселение
 |поселение                = Покрово-Арчадинский сельсовет
 |поселение в таблице      = Покрово-Арчадинский сельсовет{{!}}Покрово-Арчадинский сельсовет
 |внутреннее деление       =
 |вид главы                =
 |глава                    =
 |дата основания           =
 |первое упоминание        =
 |прежние имена            =
 |статус с                 =
 |площадь                  =
 |население                = {{ Население | Казанская Арчада | тс }}
 |год переписи             = {{ Население | Казанская Арчада | г }}
  |плотность               =
  |агломерация             =
  |национальный состав     =
  |конфессиональный состав =
  |этнохороним             =
 |почтовый индекс          = 442233
 |телефонный код           =
 |цифровой идентификатор   =
 |цифровой идентификатор 2 =
 |сайт                     =
}}

'''Казанская Арчада''' — село в [[Каменский район (Пензенская область)|Каменском районе]] [[Пензенская область|Пензенской области]] [[Россия|Российской Федерации]], входит в состав [[Покрово-Арчадинский сельсовет|Покрово-Арчадинского сельсовета]].

== География ==
Село находится на берегу реки [[Арчада]] в 9 км на север от центра сельсовета села [[Покровская Арчада]] и в 28 км на юго-восток от райцентра [[Каменка (город, Россия)|Каменки]].

== История ==
Основано помещиками Ниротморцевыми у вершины Арчады во второй половине 18 в. Названо по храму во имя Казанской иконы Божьей Матери и р. Арчаде. С 1780 г. — селение [[Пензенский уезд|Пензенского уезда]]. В 1785 г. — д. Арчада Петра Ивановича Ниротморцева, у него 172 ревизских души. В 1802 г. он основал в селе конный завод для выращивания арабских и других пород рысистых лошадей. В 1790 г. в селе Арчаде 46 дворов, помещицей показана Анна Ивановна Миротворцева. Определение «Казанская» появилось для отличия от Покровской Арчады, когда там в 1817 г. была построена Казанская церковь. С 1831 г. коннозаводское дело продолжил надворный советник Александр Андреевич Ниротморцев. В 1858 г. у него на заводе 7 племенных жеребцов, 80 маток и 238 незаводских лошадей. В 1822 г. выстроена каменная церковь. В 1877 г. — волостной центр, 103 двора, школа, 2 лавки, синильни, овчарня. В конце 19 в. имелось земское училище. В 1911 г. — село ''Покровско-Арчадинской волости'' [[Пензенский уезд|Пензенского уезда]], одна крестьянская община, 153 двора, земская школа, 3 ветряных мельницы, 3 шерсточесалки, одно валяльное и одно овчинное заведения, 2 кузницы, 3 лавки<ref name="1980B">{{cite web|url=http://www.suslony.ru/Penzagebiet/kamenka2.htm|title=Каменский район на портале «Суслоны»|lang=ru|archive-date=2016-03-24|access-date=2024-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324214912/http://www.suslony.ru/Penzagebiet/kamenka2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>.

С 1932 года село являлось центром сельсовета [[Телегинский район|Телегинского района]] [[Средневолжский край|Средневолжского края]] (с 1939 года — в составе [[Пензенская область|Пензенской области]]). В 1955 г. — центр сельсовета [[Телегинский район|Телегинского района]], центральная усадьба колхоза имени Кагановича. С 1959 года в составе [[Каменский район (Пензенская область)|Каменского района]]. В 1980-е гг. — центральная усадьба колхоза «Вперед к коммунизму». 22.12.2010 г. ''Казано-Арчадинский сельсовет'' упразднен, село вошло в состав [[Покрово-Арчадинский сельсовет|Покрово-Арчадинского сельсовета]].

До 2011 года в селе действовала основная общеобразовательная школа.

== Население ==
{{ Население | Казанская Арчада }}

{{ Население | Казанская Арчада | график }}

== Инфраструктура ==
В селе имеются фельдшерско-акушерский пункт, дом культуры, отделение почтовой связи.

== Достопримечательности ==
В селе расположена недействующая Церковь Казанской иконы Божией Матери (1822)<ref name="Соборы">{{Cite web |url=https://sobory.ru/article/?object=24978 |title=Народный каталог православной архитектуры |access-date=2021-09-19 |archive-date=2018-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326143149/http://sobory.ru/article/?object=24978 |url-status=live }}</ref>.

== Примечания ==
{{Примечания}}

{{Населённые пункты Каменского района Пензенской области}}

[[Категория:Населённые пункты Каменского района (Пензенская область)]]

title: Казанская Арчада

Страна: Россия

Субъект Федерации: Пензенская область

Муниципальный район: Каменский

Сельское поселение: Покрово-Арчадинский сельсовет

title: История и география

title: Население

title: Цифровые идентификаторы

Цифровые идентификаторы: Казанская Арчада МоскваПензаКаменка Казанская Арчада


text:
# Furusato Japan
Furusato Japan (яп. ふるさとJAPAN), или «Япония, наше отечество» — полнометражный аниме-фильм, выпущенный 7 апреля 2007 года. Фильм создан студией WAO! World.

## Сюжет
Действие происходит в Японии через десять лет после окончания Второй мировой войны, весной 1956 года. Молодая учительница Рэйко Сакамото начинает работу в школе в городке Киба, недалеко от Токио. В это же время в эту школу переводится Сидзу Миянага — девочка, которая хочет стать певицей. Вскоре она становится популярна из-за своих успехов в школе. Президент класса Акира начинает испытывать к Сидзу романтические чувства…

## Персонажи
Акира Янагисава — главный герой картины, мальчик, растущий в большой семье.
Сэйю: Наоя Сэкинэ
Сидзу Миянага — девочка, недавно перевелась в класс Акиры.
Сэйю: Майка Кавагути
Гондзи Абэ — одноклассник и друг Акиры.
Сэйю: Субару Кимура

title: Furusato Japan

wikitext:
{{значения|тип=фильм|Фурусато}}
{{Карточка аниманга/Заголовок
|title           = Furusato Japan
|image           = Furusato Japan.jpg
|caption         =
|ja_name         = ふるさとJAPAN
|ja_name_trans   = Japan, Our Homeland
|alternate_titles=
|genre           = {{жанр|повседневность}}
}}
{{Карточка аниманга/Фильм
|live_action     =
|title           =
|title_small     =
|director        = [[Нисидзава, Акио|Акио Нисидзава]]
|writer          = [[Нисидзава, Акио|Акио Нисидзава]]
|producer        = Масахиро Мураками
|music           = Макото Курия
|studio          = [[WAO! World]]
|licensor        = {{Флаг Франции}} [[Kaze]] <br />{{Флаг Германии}} [[Anime-Virtual]]
|released = 7.4.2007
|runtime = 98 мин.
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
{{nihongo|'''Furusato Japan'''|ふるさとJAPAN}}, или «Япония, наше отечество» — полнометражный [[аниме]]-фильм, выпущенный [[7 апреля]] [[2007 год]]а. Фильм создан студией [[WAO! World]].

== Сюжет ==

Действие происходит в [[Япония|Японии]] через десять лет после окончания Второй мировой войны, весной 1956 года. Молодая учительница Рэйко Сакамото начинает работу в школе в городке Киба, недалеко от [[Токио]]. В это же время в эту школу переводится Сидзу Миянага — девочка, которая хочет стать певицей. Вскоре она становится популярна из-за своих успехов в школе. Президент класса Акира начинает испытывать к Сидзу романтические чувства…

== Персонажи ==
'''Акира Янагисава''' — главный герой картины, мальчик, растущий в большой семье.
: [[Сэйю]]: [[Сэкинэ, Наоя|Наоя Сэкинэ]]

'''Сидзу Миянага''' — девочка, недавно перевелась в класс Акиры.
: [[Сэйю]]: [[Кавагути, Майка|Майка Кавагути]]

'''Гондзи Абэ''' — одноклассник и друг Акиры.
: [[Сэйю]]: [[Кимура, Субару|Субару Кимура]]

== Ссылки ==
* [http://www.furusatojapan.com/ Официальный сайт фильма на японском, английском и французском]
{{extref-anime
  |annid=7540
  |anidbid=4588
  }}
{{anime-stub}}

title: Furusato Japan

Жанр / тематика: повседневность

title: Анимационный фильм

Режиссёр: Акио Нисидзава

Сценарист: Акио Нисидзава

Продюсер: Масахиро Мураками

Композитор: Макото Курия

Студия: WAO! World

Лицензиат: Kaze · Anime-Virtual

Премьера: 7 апреля 2007 года

Продолжительность: 98 мин.


text:
# V482 Возничего
V482 Возничего (лат. V482 Aurigae) — одиночная переменная звезда в созвездии Возничего на расстоянии приблизительно 3010 световых лет (около 923 парсеков) от Солнца. Видимая звёздная величина звезды — от +11,9m до +9,7m.

## Характеристики
V482 Возничего — оранжевая пульсирующая полуправильная переменная звезда типа SRA (SRA:) спектрального класса K. Радиус — около 2,57 солнечных, светимость — около 2,381 солнечных. Эффективная температура — около 4477 K.

title: V482 Возничего

wikitext:
{{Звезда}}
'''V482 Возничего''' ({{lang-la|V482 Aurigae}}) — одиночная [[переменная звезда]] в созвездии [[Возничий|Возничего]] на расстоянии приблизительно 3010 [[Световой год|световых лет]] (около 923 [[парсек]]ов) от [[Солнце|Солнца]]. [[Видимая звёздная величина]] звезды — от +11,9m до +9,7m<ref name=gcvs>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?V*%20V482%20Aur V482 Aur] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?V*%20V482%20Aur |date=20210213040559 }}, database entry, Combined General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS5.1, 2017 Ed.), N. N. Samus, O. V. Durlevich, et al., [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?II/250 II/250] {{Wayback|url=http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?II/250 |date=20150701170038 }} Accessed online 2021-02-01.</ref>.

== Характеристики ==
'''V482 Возничего''' — оранжевая пульсирующая [[полуправильная переменная звезда]] типа SRA (SRA:)<ref name=gcvs/>{{source-ref|Q66617979}}{{source-ref|Q68798250}} [[Спектральный класс|спектрального класса]] K. Радиус — около 2,57 [[Солнечный радиус|солнечных]], светимость — около 2,381 [[Солнечная светимость|солнечных]]. [[Эффективная температура]] — около 4477 [[Кельвин|K]]{{source-ref|Q51905050}}.

== Примечания ==
{{примечания}}

{{Звёзды созвездия Возничего}}

title: Наблюдательные данные · (Эпоха J2000.0)

Созвездие: Возничий

title: Астрометрия

Астрометрия: Собственное движение

title: Спектральные характеристики

Спектральные характеристики: Показатель цвета

Переменность: мирида

title: Информация в базах данных

SIMBAD: V* V482 Aur


text:
# Yi Siling
Dans ce nom chinois, le nom de famille, Yi, précède le nom personnel.
Yi Siling (chinois : 易思玲) est une tireuse sportive chinoise née le 6 mai 1989 au Hunan.
Elle est sacrée championne olympique de carabine à 10m aux Jeux de Londres, remportant la première médaille de la compétition,. Elle est médaillée de bronze aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016.

wikiname: frwiki

title: Yi Siling

in_language: fr

wikitext:
{{nom asiatique|Yi|langue=[[langues chinoises|chinois]]|nom complet=Yi Siling}}
{{ébauche|tir|personnalité chinoise}}
{{Infobox Sportif
 | charte                     =
 | nom                        = Yi Siling
 | image                      =
 | taille image               =
 | légende                    =
 | sport pratiqué             = [[Tir sportif]]
 | période active             = en activité
 | site officiel              =
 | nationalité                = {{CHN}}
 | nationalité administrative =
 | nom de naissance           =
 | date de naissance          = {{date de naissance|6|mai|1989|âge=oui}}
 | lieu de naissance          =
 | pays de naissance          =
 | taille                     =
 | poids                      =
 | surnom                     =
 | club(s)                    =
 | équipe(s)                  =
 | entraîneur(s)              =
 | date de décès              =
 | lieu de décès              =
 | jeux olympiques            = [[Tir aux Jeux olympiques|Jeux olympiques]]
 | or JO                      = 1
 | argent JO                  = 0
 | bronze JO                  = 1
 | compétition mondiale       = [[Championnats du monde de tir|Championnats du monde]]
 | or CM                      =
 | argent CM                  =
 | bronze CM                  =
 | compétition continentale   =
 | or CC                      =
 | argent CC                  =
 | bronze CC                  =
 | compétition nationale      =
 | or CN                      =
 | argent CN                  =
 | bronze CN                  =
 | date de mise à jour        =
}}

'''Yi Siling''' ({{chinois|易思玲}}) est une [[tir sportif|tireuse sportive]] chinoise née le {{date-|6 mai 1989}} au [[Hunan]].

Elle est sacrée championne olympique de carabine à 10m aux [[Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012|Jeux de Londres]], remportant la première médaille de la compétition<ref>{{lien web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Tir/Actualites/Premiere-medaille-d-or-pour-yi-silin/301507|site=lequipe.fr|date=28 juillet 2012|consulté le=28 juillet 2012|titre=Première médaille d'or pour Yi Silin}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/07/28/97001-20120728FILWWW00296-jo-la-tireuse-chinoise-yi-silin-decroche-la-1ere-medaille-d-or.php JO de Londres : la première médaille d'or pour la Chine], ''[[Le Figaro]]'', 28 juillet 2012.</ref>. Elle est médaillée de bronze aux [[Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016]].

== Notes et références ==
{{Références}}

== Liens externes ==
*{{Bases sport}}

{{palette|Championnes olympiques à la carabine à 10 m air comprimé}}
{{Portail|tir|République populaire de Chine}}

[[Catégorie:Naissance en mai 1989]]
[[Catégorie:Tireuse sportive chinoise]]
[[Catégorie:Championne olympique chinoise]]
[[Catégorie:Championne olympique de tir]]
[[Catégorie:Tireuse aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012]]
[[Catégorie:Naissance dans la province du Hunan]]
[[Catégorie:Tireuse aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016]]
[[Catégorie:Médaillée de bronze olympique chinoise]]

title: Contexte général

Sport: Tir sportif

Période active: en activité

title: Biographie

Nom dans la langue maternelle: 易思玲

Nationalité sportive: Chine

Nationalité: République populaire de Chine

Lieu de naissance: Xian de Guiyang

Poids de forme: 51 kg

title: Palmarès

Compétition: Or · Arg. · Bro.

Palmarès: modifier


text:
# Uckange
Uckange é uma comuna francesa na região administrativa de Grande Leste, no departamento de Mosela. Estende-se por uma área de 5,56 km². Em 2010 a comuna tinha 6 875 habitantes (densidade: 1 236,5 hab./km²).

wikiname: ptwiki

title: Uckange

in_language: pt

wikitext:
{{Info/Comuna da França
|nome         = Uckange
|região       = Grande Leste
|departamento = Mosela
|área         = 5.56
|altitude     =
|latP         = N| latG = 49| latM = 18|latS = 11
|lonP         = E| lonG = 6| lonM = 09|lonS = 21
|população    = 7905
|densidade    = auto
|censo        = 1999
|insee        = 57683
|insee_ref    = s
|códpostal    = 57270 <!-- Código postal -->
|mapa         = <!-- Insira apenas o nome da imagem -->
|mapaX        = <!-- Coordenada X no mapa -->
|mapaY        = <!-- Coordenada Y no mapa -->
|escudo       = <!-- Insira apenas o nome da imagem -->
|bandeira     = <!-- Insira apenas o nome da imagem -->
|imagem       = Uckange - Town hall - 1.jpg
|legenda      = <!-- Legenda para a imagem -->
|gentílico    =
|website      =
|notas        =
}}
'''Uckange''' é uma [[comuna francesa]] na [[Regiões administrativas francesas|região administrativa]] de [[Grande Leste]], no [[Departamentos franceses|departamento]] de [[Mosela]]. Estende-se por uma área de 5,56 [[Quilómetro quadrado|km²]]. {{Pop comuna francesa2|57683|5.56}}

{{Referências}}

{{esboço-geofr}}
{{Comunas de Mosela}}
[[Categoria:Comunas de Mosela]]

title: Localização

Localização: · UckangeLocalização de Uckange na França

País: França

Região: Grande Leste

Departamento: Mosela

title: Características geográficas


text:
# أمل الرومي
أمل الرومي وُلِدت في 22 من شهر آب عام 1992، وهي عدّاءة كويتية متخصّصة في سباقات المسافات المتوسطة. تُعدّ أوّل عدّاءة كويتية تشارك في سباق 800 متر للسيدات ضمن دورة الألعاب الأولمبية، وذلك في دورة عام 2024. وقد أحرزت أمل ميدالياتٍ متعدّدة في دورات الألعاب النسائية لدول الخليج، ودورات الألعاب الخليجية، وبطولات غرب آسيا، إلى جانب تحطيمها للأرقام القياسية الوطنية الكويتية في سباقات 1500 متر، و3000 متر، و5000 متر.

## المسيرة الرياضيّة
بدأت أمل الرومي ممارسة ألعاب القوى عام 2016، وانضمّت إلى المنتخب الوطني الكويتي عام 2018. وكانت تأمل في إحراز ميدالية خلال بطولة آسيا داخل الصالات لعام 2018، غير أنّ إصابتها بعدوى فيروسية (نوروفيروس) حالت دون مشاركتها في سباقي 800 متر و1500 متر.
أحرزت أوّل ميدالية لها عام 2019، في دورة الألعاب النسائية الخليجيّة التي استضافتها مدينة الكويت، حيث نالت المركز الثالث في سباق 1500 متر بزمن بلغ 4:51.95. وفي دورة الألعاب الخليجيّة المشتركة بين الرجال والنساء عام 2022، حصدت الرومي ميداليّة برونزيّة في سباق 1500 متر، وفضيّة في سباق 800 متر. كما شاركت في دورة ألعاب التضامن الإسلامي في العام ذاته، واحتلّت المركز الحادي عشر في نهائي سباق 1500 متر.
في عام 2023، احتلّت المركز الخامس في سباق 800 متر، والسابع في سباق 1500 متر، ضمن بطولة آسيا داخل الصالات. كما نالت ميداليّة برونزيّة في سباق 800 متر، والمركز الرابع في سباق 1500 متر خلال بطولة غرب آسيا لألعاب القوى. وأنهت موسمها بالمشاركة في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية، حيث جاءت في المركز الثالث عشر في سباق 1500 متر، ولم تتأهّل إلى نهائي 800 متر.
كادت أمل أن تنال أول ميدالية آسيوية لها في بطولة آسيا داخل الصالات عام 2024، إذ احتلّت المركز الرابع في سباق 800 متر. وفي المنافسات الخارجيّة، فازت بميدالية برونزية في سباق 800 متر، وفضيّة في 1500 متر خلال بطولة غرب آسيا لألعاب القوى للعام ذاته. وقبيل الأولمبياد، شاركت الرومي في معسكر تدريبي دولي في بلجيكا، وخاضت منافسات ضمن سلسلة "كأس فلاندرز".
في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية عام 2024، خاضت الرومي التصفيات التمهيديّة في أولى مجموعات سباق 800 متر، وحقّقت زمنًا قدره 2:11.35، محتلةً المركز الثامن دون تأهّل. وفي جولة الإعادة، سجّلت 2:12.13، واحتلّت أيضًا المركز الثامن، دون أن تبلغ نصف النهائي. وانتقدت الرومي ضعف التكييف وسوء جودة الطعام في الألعاب الأولمبية. في بطولة آسيا لألعاب القوى لعام 2025، احتلّت المركز الثالث عشر في سباق 1500 متر، ولم تتمكّن من بلوغ نهائي 800 متر.

## الحياة الشخصيّة
صرّحت أمل الرومي بأنها تعاني من درجاتٍ خفيفة من اضطراب فرط الحركة وتشتّت الانتباه. كما عبّرت عن استيائها من النظرة النمطيّة تجاه المرأة الرياضيّة في الكويت، حيث قالت إن بعض الرجال يرفضون التدريب معها بناءً على تصوّرات خاطئة مفادها أنّ النساء الكويتيّات مدلّلات أو غير قادرات على المنافسة الجديّة.

wikiname: arwiki

title: أمل الرومي

in_language: ar

wikitext:
{{يتيمة|تاريخ =أغسطس 2025}}
{{مقالة غير مراجعة|تاريخ =أغسطس 2025}}
{{صندوق معلومات شخص}}
'''أمل الرومي''' وُلِدت في 22 من شهر آب عام 1992، وهي [[عداءة|عدّاءة]] [[الكويت|كويتية]] متخصّصة في سباقات المسافات المتوسطة. تُعدّ أوّل عدّاءة كويتية تشارك في سباق 800 متر للسيدات ضمن دورة [[الألعاب الأولمبية]]، وذلك في دورة عام 2024. وقد أحرزت أمل ميدالياتٍ متعدّدة في دورات الألعاب النسائية لدول الخليج، ودورات الألعاب الخليجية، وبطولات غرب آسيا، إلى جانب تحطيمها للأرقام القياسية الوطنية الكويتية في سباقات 1500 متر، و3000 متر، و5000 متر.

== المسيرة الرياضيّة ==
بدأت أمل الرومي ممارسة ألعاب القوى عام 2016، وانضمّت إلى المنتخب الوطني الكويتي عام 2018. وكانت تأمل في إحراز ميدالية خلال بطولة آسيا داخل الصالات لعام 2018، غير أنّ إصابتها بعدوى فيروسية (نوروفيروس) حالت دون مشاركتها في سباقي 800 متر و1500 متر.

أحرزت أوّل ميدالية لها عام 2019، في دورة الألعاب النسائية الخليجيّة التي استضافتها [[مدينة الكويت]]، حيث نالت المركز الثالث في سباق 1500 متر بزمن بلغ 4:51.95. وفي دورة الألعاب الخليجيّة المشتركة بين الرجال والنساء عام 2022، حصدت الرومي ميداليّة برونزيّة في سباق 1500 متر، وفضيّة في سباق 800 متر. كما شاركت في دورة ألعاب التضامن الإسلامي في العام ذاته، واحتلّت المركز الحادي عشر في نهائي سباق 1500 متر.

في عام 2023، احتلّت المركز الخامس في سباق 800 متر، والسابع في سباق 1500 متر، ضمن بطولة آسيا داخل الصالات. كما نالت ميداليّة برونزيّة في سباق 800 متر، والمركز الرابع في سباق 1500 متر خلال بطولة غرب آسيا لألعاب القوى. وأنهت موسمها بالمشاركة في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية، حيث جاءت في المركز الثالث عشر في سباق 1500 متر، ولم تتأهّل إلى نهائي 800 متر.

كادت أمل أن تنال أول ميدالية آسيوية لها في بطولة آسيا داخل الصالات عام 2024، إذ احتلّت المركز الرابع في سباق 800 متر. وفي المنافسات الخارجيّة، فازت بميدالية برونزية في سباق 800 متر، وفضيّة في 1500 متر خلال بطولة غرب آسيا لألعاب القوى للعام ذاته. وقبيل الأولمبياد، شاركت الرومي في معسكر تدريبي دولي في بلجيكا، وخاضت منافسات ضمن سلسلة "كأس فلاندرز".<ref>{{استشهاد بويب|عنوان=Kuwait's Al-Roumi bids farewell to '24 Olympics|مسار=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=3169153&language=en|موقع=[[kuna.net.kw]]|مسار أرشيف=http://web.archive.org/web/20250616170236/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=3169153&language=en|تاريخ أرشيف=2025-06-16}}</ref>

في [[الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2024|دورة الألعاب الأولمبية عام 2024]]، خاضت الرومي التصفيات التمهيديّة في أولى مجموعات سباق 800 متر، وحقّقت زمنًا قدره 2:11.35، محتلةً المركز الثامن دون تأهّل. وفي جولة الإعادة، سجّلت 2:12.13، واحتلّت أيضًا المركز الثامن، دون أن تبلغ نصف النهائي. وانتقدت الرومي ضعف التكييف وسوء جودة الطعام في الألعاب الأولمبية.<ref>{{استشهاد بويب|عنوان=Kuwaiti runner Amal Al-Roumi criticizes conditions at Paris Olympics|مسار=https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/kuwaiti-runner-amal-al-roumi-criticizes-conditions-at-paris-olympics/|موقع=[[arabtimesonline.com]]|مسار أرشيف=http://web.archive.org/web/20240810065722/https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/kuwaiti-runner-amal-al-roumi-criticizes-conditions-at-paris-olympics/|تاريخ أرشيف=2024-08-10}}</ref> في [[بطولة العالم لألعاب القوى 2025|بطولة آسيا لألعاب القوى لعام 2025]]، احتلّت المركز الثالث عشر في سباق 1500 متر، ولم تتمكّن من بلوغ نهائي 800 متر.

== الحياة الشخصيّة ==
صرّحت أمل الرومي بأنها تعاني من درجاتٍ خفيفة من [[اضطراب فرط الحركة|اضطراب فرط الحركة وتشتّت الانتباه]].<ref name="ifp">{{استشهاد بويب|عنوان=THE STORY OF AN OLYMPIAN ATHLETE: AMAL ALROUMI {{!}} EP 39|مسار=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6nYi6rprFs|ناشر=It's Fareel Podcast|عبر=[[يوتيوب]]|مسار أرشيف=http://web.archive.org/web/20250804041204/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6nYi6rprFs|تاريخ أرشيف=2025-08-04}}</ref> كما عبّرت عن استيائها من النظرة النمطيّة تجاه المرأة الرياضيّة في الكويت، حيث قالت إن بعض الرجال يرفضون التدريب معها بناءً على تصوّرات خاطئة مفادها أنّ النساء الكويتيّات مدلّلات أو غير قادرات على المنافسة الجديّة.<ref name="kt">{{استشهاد بويب|عنوان=Kuwaiti athlete shares her story of perseverance en route to Olympics|مسار=https://kuwaittimes.com/article/18517/kuwait/other-news/kuwaiti-athlete-shares-her-story-of-perseverance-en-route-to-olympics/|موقع=[[kuwaittimes.com]]|مسار أرشيف=http://web.archive.org/web/20241011060849/https://kuwaittimes.com/article/18517/kuwait/other-news/kuwaiti-athlete-shares-her-story-of-perseverance-en-route-to-olympics/|تاريخ أرشيف=2024-10-11}}</ref>
== المراجع ==
{{مراجع}}
{{شريط بوابات|أعلام|ألعاب أولمبية|الكويت|المرأة}}

[[تصنيف:عداءات مسافات متوسطة كويتيات]]
[[تصنيف:أشخاص أحياء]]
[[تصنيف:أشخاص على قيد الحياة]]
[[تصنيف:رياضيات كويتيات في القرن 21]]
[[تصنيف:رياضيو المسار والميدان في دورة الألعاب الآسيوية 2022]]
[[تصنيف:رياضيون (الميدان والمضمار) شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2024]]
[[تصنيف:رياضيون أولمبيون كويتيون]]
[[تصنيف:لاعبو قوى في الألعاب الآسيوية في الكويت]]
[[تصنيف:مواليد 1992]]

title: معلومات شخصية

مواطنة: دولة فلسطين

title: الحياة العملية

المهنة: منافسة ألعاب القوى

الرياضة: ألعاب القوى

بلد الرياضة: دولة فلسطين

الحياة العملية: تعديل مصدري - تعديل


text:
# Laure Gatet
Laure Gatet (19 July 1913 – 25 February 1943) was a French pharmacist, biochemist, and a spy for the French Resistance during World War II.
Gatet was born on 19 July 1913 in Boussac-Bourg, France. After attending several schools in the Southwest of France, including Périgueux and Bordeaux, Gatet finished her pharmacy studies before moving to biochemical research. During the German occupation, she engaged in the resistance network, the Brotherhood of Our Lady, as a liaison to Free France. She mainly performed actions of propaganda and information exchanges between France and its neighboring countries. Spotted by the German police, she was arrested on the evening of 10 June 1942 and detained in several prisons before being transferred to the Auschwitz concentration camp where she was murdered.

## Childhood and schooling debut
Laure Constance Pierrette Gatet was born in Boussac-Bourg in Creuse, France on 19 July 1913. Her family promoted education and her mother and aunt attended a girls' high school and earned their high school diploma and certificate of competency. Her father was a teacher, inspector and director of training schools.
Gatet was brilliant in her primary studies. She was first educated in a primary school for girls in La Villeneuve from 1920 to 1924 and then at the school of Boussac-Ville in 1925. In April 1925, she joined the young girls college in Aurillac, Cantal. Several awards were given to her during her school career. In February 1926, for example, with the results of her graduation certificate, she won a bicycle.
Gatet was one of the most awarded school students and was cited many times on the honor roll. She received the Disciplinary Board congratulations for impeccable behavior. When she obtained her high school diploma, she also received the 1st prize for outstanding results in mathematics and English. She also excelled in literature, physics, chemistry, history and geography, Spanish, Latin, and visual arts.
On 11 July 1930, Gatet passed the series A and B of her first tests for her baccalaureate at the University of Bordeaux. Her tests were marked "good enough" and as a result she passed. In April 1931, she was elected president of the "Horizon", a cooperative founded to "strengthen links among students" and organize various cultural clubs.

## Graduate studies
Gatet decided to study to be a pharmacist, which was the most common science study in baccalaureate at that time. She began her training with a mandatory one-year internship, from July 1931 to October 1932, with Mr. Pasquet, owner of the central pharmacy in town hall square in Périgueux.
Following the internship, Gatet resumed her studies at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Bordeaux, where she received her diploma as a pharmacist in 1936. At the same time, she started preparing for degree in Natural Sciences at the Faculty of Science. She obtained her mineralogy certificate in June 1935, biological chemistry in June 1936 and botany in June 1938.
She found that she was not attracted to profession of pharmacist dispensary, so she finally decided to move towards biochemistry, and at the end of 1936, she was accepted at the Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry of Professor Louis Genevois, in the Faculty of Science. While there, she devoted herself to her thesis and collaborated in scientific articles with different colleagues, in particular Pierre Cayrol, a specialist in yeast and a former doctoral student in the same laboratory.
Gatet's thesis dealt with the maturation of grapes over time. The subject was of particular interest to Gatet, whose paternal grandfather was a winemaker. Based on three types of white and red grapes, collected between 1936 and 1938, Gatet developed many preparations, mixtures and methods to carry out this study over the next two years. She defended her thesis on 23 February 1940. This quality work is also the subject of a publication in the journal Annals of Physiology and Biological Physical Chemistry. Furthermore, the International Office of Wine awarded her work on 12 June 1946 (after her death) for a price of 5,000 francs.
In the absence of employment, Laure Gatet was supported financially by her family from 1931 to 1938. During the academic year 1938–1939, the Schutzenberger Foundation offered her a scholarship of 10,000 francs for one year. Gatet was then subsidized by the National Fund for Scientific Research (CNRS), which granted her a half-scholarship of 12,500 francs. She also won many other scholarships.

## Involvement in the resistance
In Bordeaux, before the Second World War, Gatet met with a group of Catholics led by Jesuit Father Antoine Dieuzayde at the foyer Henri Bazire. Many of them worked at a Catholic summer camp that he founded near Barèges, which was also organized to support refugees from the Spanish Civil War. This group was known as the "Barégeois Bordeaux." In June 1940, Father Dieuzayde and most of the other members of the group looked for ways to resist the Germans. Gatet regularly attended their meetings.
On the night of 19 – 20 June 1940, Gatet was in Bordeaux with her aunt when the midnight bombing began. According to a testimony from Gatet's mother dating from 1955, at that time "Laure still hopes that France will be saved, [...] she does not accept the occupation, often at night, I hear her cry" .
Gatet returned to live with her aunt, Marie Laure, in Bordeaux as the occupation of the city started at the beginning of October 1940. From that moment, she engaged in propaganda against the Nazis through Pierre Cayrol. In January 1941, she joined the resistance network and provided information to the Confrérie Notre-Dame (CND), headed in Bordeaux by Commander Jean Fleuret. She continued her propaganda activities against the occupiers. In 1982, Louis Genevois wrote that Laura Gatet made Gaullist propaganda, a dangerous mix that scared her secretary. Gatet and other resistant members in the CND  network gathered each Sunday morning in Victor Hugo Bordeaux. Each person gave the others information collected. The information was then sent to London, to agents in the free zone or on the borders of the country. Gatet hid the  classified top secret papers in boxes of baking powder. She received a pass, allowing her to cross the line and visit her parents in Périgueux. During these visits, she was often searched but the Germans never found anything that could accuse her.
On 10 June 1942, however, Laure Gatet and thirty-three other members of the CND network were arrested. Pierre Cartaud, the Liaison Officer of the Network in Paris was arrested on 29 or 30 May 1942 and had admitted, after being tortured, of the existence of the network and provided a number of names. It was 5 am when three officers of the Sicherheitsdienst, dressed as French civilians arrived to arrest her. They searched the entire house for three or four hours, then took her away.

## Detention
After her arrest, Gatet was transferred to the barracks in Boudet, then to Château du Hâ in Bordeaux. She was held there for three days and although she underwent several interrogations, never denounced anyone. On the day of her arrest on 10 June 1942, her aunt, Marie Laure, went to the central police station for news and then to the military headquarters in Bordeaux. There, an officer informed her of the whereabouts of her niece, assuring her that the place had good living conditions. Marie Laure tried to have her niece released, but without success. 15 June 1942, she tried to visit her, but Laure was no longer strong, as evidenced by a police report of 16 June 1942. In another report, dated 29 June 1942, Gatet was supposedly returned to Bordeaux. On 3 July 1942, Marie Laure received a letter informing her that her niece was detained in prison La Santé Prison in Paris. She had been detained there since 14 June 1942. Gatet communicated with her family for a long time, from autumn 1942, receiving letters and parcels from them. She never talked about her situation in the prison and did not seem worried. On 8 September 1942, one of the letters she wrote to her to Marie Laure referred to Pierre Cartaud and his responsibility for dismantling the resistance network .
12 October 1942, Laure Gatet was transferred to Prison de Fresnes, and could not longer transmit news to her family. She was again transferred, this time to Fort Romainville, on 12 January 1943. Seven days later, she sent a letter to her family, saying she was "very well."

## Deportation
On 23 January 1943, Laure Gatet and one hundred and twenty-one prisoners from the Romainville fort were transferred to Camp de Royallieu in Compiegne, along with hundreds of others from various places of detention, mainly in the occupied zone. This particular convoy, known as Convoi des 31000 collected mostly intellectual members or relatives of the PCF (Danielle Casanova and Charlotte Delbo were among them) and some Gaullists, including Laure Gatet. The next day, two hundred and thirty were brought to the Compiegne station by truck and piled into the train alongside 1,200 men who were already loaded in the cars the day before, for a journey of three days. During the trip, passengers suffered from cold and malnutrition. The men were sent to Oranienburg concentration camp, on the outskirts of Berlin, but the women continued their journey to Poland and Auschwitz. As resistant or "common law", they were not theoretically intended to go to an extermination camp but to Ravensbrück concentration camp. Historians have failed to rationally explain this exception (there were only two convoys of "policies" that led to Auschwitz), except that it could have been an administrative error.
When the railcar doors were opened, Gatet and other women were led by soldiers into the women's camp of Birkenau. When they entered the camp, knowing that they were a "little out in luck," they sang La Marseillaise.
Gatet was tattooed on the left forearm and registered under registration number 31833, and underwent various tests. With the other women of the convoy, she was then quarantined in Block No. 14, given chores and undernourished. This was often enough to kill the older prisoners. The survivors were then taken to the main camp for anthropometric photography. The living conditions became worse for all the prisoners. Since 24 January 1943, any form of communication between Gatet and her family had been broken, while they tried in vain to find information about her whereabouts by sending letters to various public authorities.
In February 1943, a secretary suggested seeking among prisoners for biologists, botanists and chemists to form the "Kommando Raisko," a program responsible for researching a species of dandelion, whose root is rich in latex. They were hoping to provide an alternative to rubber from the rubber tree that was sorely lacking in the German industry during the war. Gatet died before the program began in the middle of the month. No obituary was sent by the Nazi police to her family, which explains the uncertainty about the date of her death. Over 79% of the women in her convoy were murdered in the detention camp.
At the end of the war in April 1945, the Gatet family went repeatedly to the Hotel Lutetia, where most deported French survivors arrived. Her death certificate, finally came on 19 December 1946 in Paris. It was labeled "death of France" and officially dates the death of Laura Gatet at 25 February 1943.

## Memory
On 15 January 1946, a religious celebration in tribute to victims of the Resistance took place at the Saint-André cathedral in Bordeaux. Laure Gatet's name was mentioned in the liturgy. Major political figures attended the ceremony, but not her aunt who still lived in the city. On 8 March 1946, by the decision of General de Gaulle, Gatet was posthumously decorated with the 1939–1945 Croix de Guerre. She was then elevated to the rank of lieutenant by the War Minister, Paul Coste-Floret, on 24 May 1947. She was also named to the French Legion of Honour on 10 November 1955 by President René Coty, who also assigns her the French Resistance Medal. On 16 June 1953, Gatet officially received the status of "remote-resistant" from the Departmental of Veterans Affairs in Limoges, following the request of her mother made two years before. With this award honoring her daughter, Gatet's mother received a mandate of 60,000 francs. Since 9 September 1992, the words "death in deportation" is affixed to Gatet's death certificate.
After the war, Gilbert Renault published various books about Laure Gatet, particularly Les Mains Jointes, the sixth volume of the memoirs of a secret agent of Free France, published in 1948. In June 1946, Jean Cayrol, the brother of Peter, the resistance companion that made him join the network, wrote in a literary magazine of Europe, about the living conditions in the concentration camps. He paid tribute to her with this title: "Man and the tree Laure Gatet martyrdom of resistance" .
Other tributes were paid to her in the postwar period, especially at the schools she attended in her youth. Different places now bear her name. For instance, the school, Lycée Laure Gatet of Périgueux, on the site of her old girls high school, was named after her on 11 June 1969. This was after building renovations and decision of the municipal council. Additionally, the street where Gatet was arrested by the SS on 10 June 1942, in Bordeaux, was named Laure-Gatet Street on 2 October 1951. Her name also appears on a plaque in memory of the dead students of France, placed in the lobby of the former faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Bordeaux. A monument in her honor was erected in April 1997, in Boussac-Bourg, in the place called "The board pre" near the house where Laure Gatet grew up. Her name is also added to the family tomb of Gatet Malassenet her family, situated in the center of the cemetery in Boussac-Ville.
In 2011, Laure Gatet was one of the twenty-five women honored in the traveling exhibition "Famous Women of Périgord", organized by the General Council of the Dordogne by sociologist Victoria Estier-Man.
On 8 March 2013, on the occasion of International Women's Day, the newspaper Sud Ouest, conducted a survey. The survey question was "Who is your favorite Perigord?" Laure Gatet led with 30.4% of the votes cast.
From 18 March – 28 April 2013, an exhibition on the history and life of the resistance took place inside the Laure-Gatet school on the occasion of the centenary of her birth in partnership with the municipal library in Périgueux.<re name=ph/>

wikiname: enwiki

title: Laure Gatet

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{short description|French biochemist, member of the French Resistance, deported to Auschwitz}}
{{Infobox person
|name          = Laure Gatet
| image       = Laure_Gatet_1940.jpg
|alt           =
|caption       = Laure Gatet in 1940.
|birth_name    =
|birth_date    = {{Birth date|1913|7|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Boussac-Bourg]], France
|death_date    = {{Death date and age|1943|2|25|1913|7|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]], German-occupied Poland
|nationality   = French
|other_names   =
|occupation    =
|years_active  =
|known_for     =
|notable_works =
}}

'''Laure Gatet''' (19 July 1913 – 25 February 1943) was a French [[pharmacist]], [[biochemist]], and a [[Espionage|spy]] for the [[French Resistance]] during [[World War II]].

Gatet was born on 19 July 1913 in Boussac-Bourg, France.<ref name="Mémoire Vive">{{Cite web |title=Laure Gatet – 31833 |url=http://www.memoirevive.org/laure-gatet-31833/ |access-date=29 August 2020 |website=Mémoire Vive}}</ref> After attending several schools in the [[South West France (wine region)|Southwest of France]], including [[Périgueux]] and [[Bordeaux]], Gatet finished her pharmacy studies before moving to biochemical research. During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation]], she engaged in the resistance network, the Brotherhood of Our Lady, as a liaison to [[Free France]]. She mainly performed actions of [[propaganda]] and information exchanges between France and its neighboring countries. Spotted by the German police, she was arrested on the evening of 10 June 1942 and detained in several prisons before being transferred to the [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] concentration camp where she was murdered.<ref>{{Cite book |title=BnF Catalogue général |url=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10855000s |access-date=4 April 2016 |via=catalogue.bnf.fr}}</ref>

== Childhood and schooling debut ==
[[File:Laure Gatet 2 ans.JPG|thumb|left|140px|Gatet at age 2.]]
Laure Constance Pierrette Gatet was born in [[Boussac-Bourg]] in [[Creuse]], France on 19 July 1913.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sa Jeunesse – Laure Gatet Centenaire |url=http://lauregatetcentenaire.jimdo.com/sa-jeunesse/ |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=lauregatetcentenaire.jimdo.com}}</ref> Her family promoted education and her mother and aunt attended a girls' high school and earned their high school diploma and certificate of competency. Her father was a teacher, inspector and director of training schools.

Gatet was brilliant in her primary studies. She was first educated in a primary school for girls in [[La Villeneuve, Creuse|La Villeneuve]] from 1920 to 1924 and then at the school of Boussac-Ville in 1925. In April 1925, she joined the young girls college in [[Aurillac]], [[Cantal]]. Several awards were given to her during her school career. In February 1926, for example, with the results of her graduation certificate, she won a [[bicycle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil et propos liminaires – Laure Gatet Centenaire |url=http://lauregatetcentenaire.jimdo.com/ |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=lauregatetcentenaire.jimdo.com}}</ref>

Gatet was one of the most awarded school students and was cited many times on the honor roll. She received the Disciplinary Board congratulations for impeccable behavior. When she obtained her high school diploma, she also received the 1st prize for outstanding results in mathematics and English. She also excelled in literature, physics, chemistry, history and geography, Spanish, Latin, and visual arts.

On 11 July 1930, Gatet passed the series A and B of her first tests for her [[Baccalauréat|baccalaureate]] at the [[University of Bordeaux 1|University of Bordeaux]]. Her tests were marked "good enough" and as a result she passed. In April 1931, she was elected president of the "Horizon", a cooperative founded to "strengthen links among students" and organize various cultural clubs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographies |url=http://www.ffi33.org/Biographies/gatet.htm |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=www.ffi33.org}}</ref>

== Graduate studies ==
Gatet decided to study to be a pharmacist, which was the most common science study in baccalaureate at that time. She began her training with a mandatory one-year [[internship]], from July 1931 to October 1932, with Mr. Pasquet, owner of the central [[pharmacy]] in town hall square in [[Périgueux]].

Following the internship, Gatet resumed her studies at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Bordeaux, where she received her diploma as a pharmacist in 1936. At the same time, she started preparing for degree in Natural Sciences at the Faculty of Science. She obtained her [[mineralogy]] certificate in June 1935, [[Biochemistry|biological chemistry]] in June 1936 and [[botany]] in June 1938.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mémoire Vive – Laure GATET – 31833 |url=http://www.memoirevive.org/laure-gatet-31833/ |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=www.memoirevive.org}}</ref>

She found that she was not attracted to profession of pharmacist dispensary, so she finally decided to move towards biochemistry, and at the end of 1936, she was accepted at the Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry of Professor Louis Genevois, in the Faculty of Science. While there, she devoted herself to her [[thesis]] and collaborated in scientific articles with different colleagues, in particular Pierre Cayrol, a specialist in [[yeast]] and a former doctoral student in the same laboratory.

Gatet's thesis dealt with the maturation of grapes over time.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnDVPgAACAAJ |title=Recherches biochimique sur la maturation des fruits |date=1 January 1940 |publisher=Declume |language=fr}}</ref> The subject was of particular interest to Gatet, whose paternal grandfather was a [[Winemaking|winemaker]]. Based on three types of white and red grapes, collected between 1936 and 1938, Gatet developed many preparations, mixtures and methods to carry out this study over the next two years. She defended her thesis on 23 February 1940. This quality work is also the subject of a publication in the journal Annals of Physiology and Biological Physical Chemistry. Furthermore, the International Office of Wine awarded her work on 12 June 1946 (after her death) for a price of 5,000 francs.

In the absence of employment, Laure Gatet was supported financially by her family from 1931 to 1938. During the academic year 1938–1939, the Schutzenberger Foundation offered her a scholarship of 10,000 francs for one year. Gatet was then subsidized by the [[National Fund for Scientific Research]] (CNRS), which granted her a half-scholarship of 12,500 francs. She also won many other scholarships.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Charbonnel |first1=Daniel |title=Laure Gatet : une intellectuelle en Résistance |last2=Golfier |first2=Michel |publisher=SPP Digital Cit |year=2013 |isbn=978-2-7466-5789-2 |location=Périgueux}}</ref>

== Involvement in the resistance ==
[[File:Famille Gatet.jpg|thumb|Gatet's family in 1912. Standing from left to right: Marie Laure Malassenet, (Laure Gatet's aunt whom she later stayed with) Louis Eugene Gatet, (Laura's father) Marguerite Agathe (her mother) Seated left to right: Marie Laure Martin, wife of Félix and Laure Malassenet maternal grandmother, Felix Malassenet, maternal grandfather of Laura.]]
In Bordeaux, before the Second World War, Gatet met with a group of Catholics led by Jesuit Father [[Antoine Dieuzayde]] at the ''foyer Henri Bazire''. Many of them worked at a Catholic summer camp that he founded near [[Barèges]], which was also organized to support refugees from the [[Spanish Civil War]]. This group was known as the "Barégeois Bordeaux." In June 1940, Father Dieuzayde and most of the other members of the group looked for ways to resist the Germans. Gatet regularly attended their meetings.

On the night of 19 – 20 June 1940, Gatet was in Bordeaux with her aunt when the [[Bombing of France during World War II|midnight bombing]] began. According to a testimony from Gatet's mother dating from 1955, at that time "Laure still hopes that France will be saved, [...] she does not accept the occupation, often at night, I hear her cry" .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bordeaux, Juin 1940 ... |url=http://motslocaux.hautetfort.com/archive/2010/06/28/bordeaux-juin-1940.html |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=motslocaux.hautetfort.com}}</ref>

Gatet returned to live with her aunt, Marie Laure, in Bordeaux as the occupation of the city started at the beginning of October 1940. From that moment, she engaged in propaganda against the [[Nazism|Nazis]] through Pierre Cayrol. In January 1941, she joined the [[French Resistance|resistance]] network and provided information to the [[Confrérie Notre-Dame]] (CND), headed in Bordeaux by Commander Jean Fleuret. She continued her propaganda activities against the occupiers. In 1982, Louis Genevois wrote that Laura Gatet made [[Gaullism|Gaullist]] propaganda, a dangerous mix that scared her secretary. Gatet and other resistant members in the CND  network gathered each Sunday morning in Victor Hugo Bordeaux. Each person gave the others information collected. The information was then sent to [[London]], to agents in the free zone or on the borders of the country. Gatet hid the  classified top secret papers in boxes of [[baking powder]]. She received a pass, allowing her to cross the line and visit her parents in [[Périgueux]]. During these visits, she was often searched but the Germans never found anything that could accuse her.

On 10 June 1942, however, Laure Gatet and thirty-three other members of the CND network were arrested. Pierre Cartaud, the Liaison Officer of the Network in [[Paris]] was arrested on 29 or 30 May 1942 and had admitted, after being tortured, of the existence of the network and provided a number of names. It was 5 am when three officers of the [[Sicherheitsdienst]], dressed as French civilians arrived to arrest her. They searched the entire house for three or four hours, then took her away.

== Detention ==
[[File:Coin nord-ouest de la prison de la Santé à Paris en 2012 6.jpg|thumb|La Sante Prison in Paris where Gatet was held for a while]]
After her arrest, Gatet was transferred to the [[barracks]] in Boudet, then to [[Château du Hâ]] in Bordeaux. She was held there for three days and although she underwent several interrogations, never denounced anyone. On the day of her arrest on 10 June 1942, her aunt, Marie Laure, went to the central police station for news and then to the military headquarters in Bordeaux. There, an officer informed her of the whereabouts of her niece, assuring her that the place had good living conditions. Marie Laure tried to have her niece released, but without success. 15 June 1942, she tried to visit her, but Laure was no longer strong, as evidenced by a police report of 16 June 1942. In another report, dated 29 June 1942, Gatet was supposedly returned to Bordeaux. On 3 July 1942, Marie Laure received a letter informing her that her niece was detained in prison [[La Santé Prison]] in Paris. She had been detained there since 14 June 1942. Gatet communicated with her family for a long time, from autumn 1942, receiving letters and parcels from them. She never talked about her situation in the prison and did not seem worried. On 8 September 1942, one of the letters she wrote to her to Marie Laure referred to Pierre Cartaud and his responsibility for dismantling the resistance network .

12 October 1942, Laure Gatet was transferred to [[Prison de Fresnes]], and could not longer transmit news to her family. She was again transferred, this time to [[Fort de Romainville|Fort Romainville]], on 12 January 1943. Seven days later, she sent a letter to her family, saying she was "very well."

== Deportation ==
[[File:Auschwitz Camp de Concentration.jpg|thumb|Auschwitz Concentration Camp where Gatet was murdered.]]
On 23 January 1943, Laure Gatet and one hundred and twenty-one prisoners from the Romainville fort were transferred to [[Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp|Camp de Royallieu]] in [[Compiègne|Compiegne]], along with hundreds of others from various places of detention, mainly in the occupied zone. This particular convoy, known as ''[[Convoi des 31000]]'' collected mostly intellectual members or relatives of the PCF ([[Danielle Casanova]] and [[Charlotte Delbo]] were among them) and some Gaullists, including Laure Gatet.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moorehead |first=Caroline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ieCRl3ZJUJAC |title=A Train in Winter: An Extraordinary Story of Women, Friendship and Survival in World War Two |date=1 November 2011 |publisher=Random House of Canada |isbn=978-0-307-36667-2 |language=en}}</ref> The next day, two hundred and thirty were brought to the [[Compiègne|Compiegne]] station by truck and piled into the train alongside 1,200 men who were already loaded in the cars the day before, for a journey of three days. During the trip, passengers suffered from cold and [[malnutrition]]. The men were sent to [[Oranienburg concentration camp]], on the outskirts of [[Berlin]], but the women continued their journey to [[Poland]] and [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]. As resistant or "common law", they were not theoretically intended to go to an extermination camp but to [[Ravensbrück concentration camp]]. Historians have failed to rationally explain this exception (there were only two convoys of "policies" that led to Auschwitz), except that it could have been an administrative error.

When the railcar doors were opened, Gatet and other women were led by soldiers into the women's camp of [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Birkenau]]. When they entered the camp, knowing that they were a "little out in luck," they sang [[La Marseillaise]].

Gatet was [[tattoo]]ed on the left forearm and registered under registration number 31833, and underwent various tests. With the other women of the convoy, she was then quarantined in Block No. 14, given chores and undernourished. This was often enough to kill the older prisoners. The survivors were then taken to the main camp for [[Anthropometry|anthropometric]] photography. The living conditions became worse for all the prisoners. Since 24 January 1943, any form of communication between Gatet and her family had been broken, while they tried in vain to find information about her whereabouts by sending letters to various public authorities.
[[File:Hotel Lutetia Paris 08.jpg|thumb|Hotel Lutetia in Paris]]
In February 1943, a secretary suggested seeking among prisoners for biologists, botanists and chemists to form the "Kommando Raisko," a program responsible for researching a species of [[Taraxacum|dandelion]], whose root is rich in [[latex]]. They were hoping to provide an alternative to rubber from the [[Hevea brasiliensis|rubber tree]] that was sorely lacking in the German industry during the war. Gatet died before the program began in the middle of the month. No obituary was sent by the [[Police forces of Nazi Germany|Nazi police]] to her family, which explains the uncertainty about the date of her death. Over 79% of the women in her convoy were murdered in the detention camp.

At the end of the war in April 1945, the Gatet family went repeatedly to the [[Hôtel Lutetia|Hotel Lutetia]], where most deported French survivors arrived. Her death certificate, finally came on 19 December 1946 in Paris. It was labeled "death of France" and officially dates the death of Laura Gatet at 25 February 1943.<ref name="Mémoire Vive" />

== Memory ==
[[File:Laure Gatet - cimetière de Boussac-Ville.JPG|thumb|Plaque dedicated to Laure Gatet, in Boussac-Ville]]
On 15 January 1946, a religious celebration in tribute to victims of the Resistance took place at the [[Bordeaux Cathedral|Saint-André cathedral]] in Bordeaux. Laure Gatet's name was mentioned in the [[liturgy]]. Major political figures attended the ceremony, but not her aunt who still lived in the city. On 8 March 1946, by the decision of [[Charles de Gaulle|General de Gaulle]], Gatet was posthumously decorated with the 1939–1945 [[Croix de Guerre]]. She was then elevated to the rank of lieutenant by the [[Minister of Defence (France)|War Minister]], [[Paul Coste-Floret]], on 24 May 1947. She was also named to the French [[Legion of Honour]] on 10 November 1955 by President [[René Coty]], who also assigns her the French [[Resistance Medal]]. On 16 June 1953, Gatet officially received the status of "remote-resistant" from the Departmental of Veterans Affairs in [[Limoges]], following the request of her mother made two years before. With this award honoring her daughter, Gatet's mother received a mandate of 60,000 [[franc]]s. Since 9 September 1992, the words "death in deportation" is affixed to Gatet's [[death certificate]].

After the war, [[Gilbert Renault]] published various books about Laure Gatet, particularly ''Les Mains Jointes'', the sixth volume of the memoirs of a [[secret agent]] of [[Free France]], published in 1948. In June 1946, [[Jean Cayrol]], the brother of Peter, the resistance companion that made him join the network, wrote in a literary magazine of Europe, about the living conditions in the concentration camps. He paid tribute to her with this title: "Man and the tree Laure Gatet martyrdom of resistance" .
[[File:Périgueux lycée Laure Gatet (1).JPG|thumb|Laure Gatet School in Périgueux, France, named in her honor]]
Other tributes were paid to her in the postwar period, especially at the schools she attended in her youth. Different places now bear her name. For instance, the school, [[List of schools in France|Lycée Laure Gatet]] of Périgueux, on the site of her old girls high school, was named after her on 11 June 1969. This was after building renovations and decision of the municipal council. Additionally, the street where Gatet was arrested by the SS on 10 June 1942, in Bordeaux, was named ''Laure-Gatet Street'' on 2 October 1951. Her name also appears on a plaque in memory of the dead students of France, placed in the lobby of the former faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Bordeaux. A monument in her honor was erected in April 1997, in [[Boussac-Bourg]], in the place called "The board pre" near the house where Laure Gatet grew up. Her name is also added to the family tomb of Gatet Malassenet her family, situated in the center of the cemetery in Boussac-Ville.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Site internet de la cité scolaire Laure Gatet |url=http://webetab.ac-bordeaux.fr/lauregatet/ |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=webetab.ac-bordeaux.fr}}</ref><ref name=ph>{{Cite web |first=Jean-Christophe |last=Sounalet |title=Laure Gatet retrouvée |url=http://www.sudouest.fr/2013/03/26/laure-gatet-retrouvee-1005537-1980.php |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=SudOuest.fr}}</ref>

In 2011, Laure Gatet was one of the twenty-five women honored in the traveling exhibition "Famous Women of Périgord", organized by the General Council of the Dordogne by [[Sociology|sociologist]] Victoria Estier-Man.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://archives.cg24.fr/FCKeditor/upload/file/action%2520culturelle/Femmes-celebres-Perigord.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110145326/http://archives.cg24.fr/FCKeditor/upload/file/action%20culturelle/Femmes-celebres-Perigord.pdf |archive-date=10 November 2013 |access-date=4 April 2016}}</ref>

On 8 March 2013, on the occasion of [[International Women's Day]], the newspaper [[Sud-Ouest (newspaper)|Sud Ouest]], conducted a survey. The survey question was "Who is your favorite Perigord?" Laure Gatet led with 30.4% of the votes cast.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Loth |first=Photo Arnaud |title=Quelle est votre Périgourdine préférée ? |url=http://www.sudouest.fr/2013/03/08/arbitre-au-feminin-988562-1980.php |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=SudOuest.fr|date=3 August 2013 }}</ref>

From 18 March – 28 April 2013, an exhibition on the history and life of the resistance took place inside the Laure-Gatet school on the occasion of the [[Century|centenary]] of her birth in partnership with the municipal library in Périgueux.<re name=ph/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gatet, Laure}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:French Resistance members]]
[[Category:French spies]]
[[Category:Resistance members who died in Nazi concentration camps]]
[[Category:French people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)]]

title: Laure Gatet

Born: 19 July 1913 · Boussac-Bourg, France

Died: 25 February 1943 (aged 29) · Auschwitz-Birkenau, German-occupied Poland

Nationality: French


text:
# Louis Friant
Louis Friant (Morlancourt, 18 de setembro de 1768 - Seraincourt (Val-d'Oise), 24 de junho de 1829) foi um General de divisão francês, nobre e Par de França. Mais tarde, ascendeu a Tenente-General do Império. Lutou nas Guerras Revolucionárias Francesas e nas Guerras Napoleônicas.

## Juventude e guerras revolucionárias francesas
Filho de um fabricante de cera, Louis alistou-se nos Gardes Françaises em fevereiro de 1781, aos 22 anos. Ele ascendeu ao posto de cabo antes de deixar o serviço militar em 1787. Com a eclosão da Revolução Francesa, Louis se ofereceu como voluntário para a Garde Nationale de Paris em setembro de 1789. Foi eleito tenente-coronel do 9º Batalhão de Paris em setembro de 1792, liderando esse batalhão na fronteira alemã sob o exército do Mosela até ser ferido na perna esquerda em 16 de dezembro de 1793.
Retornando à ação como coronel da Demi-Brigade 181 e em março de 1794, Friant participou da grande vitória de Fleurus em 26 de junho de 1794. Ele foi o comandante interino por um breve período de uma brigada (julho de 1794) e uma divisão (agosto de 1794). Ele serviu nos cercos de Maastricht (outubro de 1794) e Luxemburgo (abril de 1795). Ele foi promovido a Général de Brigade em 13 de junho de 1795.
Após um período como governador militar de Luxemburgo, Friant serviu no Exército de Sambre-et-Meuse em 1796 ao longo do Reno . Em janeiro de 1797, ele se juntou à Divisão de Bernadotte do Exército da Itália. Ele serviu na Batalha do Tagliamento (16 de março de 1797) e assumiu o comando da 5ª Brigada, 3ª Divisão (30e e 55e Ligne) a partir de junho de 1797.

## Guerras Napoleônicas

### Egito
Friant comandou a 2ª Brigada (61e e 88e Ligne) da divisão do general Desaix no Egito, participando da Batalha das Pirâmides (21 de julho de 1798) e da brilhante campanha de Desaix no Alto Egito. Ele foi provisoriamente promovido a Général de Division em 4 de setembro de 1799, e sucedeu Desaix como comandante no Alto Egito depois que Desaix partiu para desempenhar seu papel decisivo, mas fatal na campanha de Marengo. Friant assumiu um papel de liderança na supressão da grande revolta no Cairo em março-abril de 1800. Confirmado no posto de Général de Division e nomeado governador de Alexandria em setembro de 1800, ele lutou contra os britânicos na Segunda Batalha de Aboukir (8 de março de 1801), e defendeu Alexandria até agosto de 1801.
Repatriado com os remanescentes do Exército do Oriente, Friant serviu como inspetor-geral de infantaria em 1801–03 antes de ingressar no Corpo de exército de seu cunhado Davout no acampamento de Bruges. Lá, ele moldou a 2ème Division, III Corps em "o que provavelmente se tornou a melhor divisão de linha na face da terra" (Bowden, Napoleon e Austerlitz).

### Grandes dias do Império
Na campanha de Ulm-Austerlitz de 1805, a Divisão Friant ganhou a reputação de marchar rápida e eficaz. Esta qualidade teve um uso excelente quando a Divisão foi convocada de Viena para reforçar o Grande Armée em Austerlitz, marchando 70 milhas em 46 horas e chegando a tempo de contra-atacar os Aliados em Telnice e Sokolnice na manhã de 2 de dezembro de 1805. Em Na luta feroz ao longo do riacho Goldbach, Friant teve três cavalos mortos sob seu comando.
Friant foi condecorado com a Grande Águia da Legião de Honra em 27 de dezembro de 1805. Na campanha de 1806, na Batalha de Auerstädt (14 de outubro de 1806) em que o III Corpo de exército de Davout de 26 000 homens enfrentou e derrotou o corpo principal prussiano de 63 000, A divisão de Friant avançou à direita, virando o flanco esquerdo prussiano. A infantaria de Friant e Charles-Étienne Gudin de La Sablonnière, em posição quadrada, resistiu e destruiu um ataque maciço de cavalaria liderado pelo próprio Blücher.
Na campanha polonesa, a Divisão de Friant lutou com sucesso no forçamento do Rio Ukra em 24 de dezembro de 1806. Na Batalha de Eylau, a Divisão de Friant chegou para reforçar a direita francesa na manhã de 8 de fevereiro de 1807, ajudando a virar uma quase derrota em um impasse. Friant sofreu um ferimento a bala no lado direito em Eylau.
Friant foi nomeado Conde de l'Empire em 5 de outubro de 1808.
Na campanha de 1809, a Divisão de Friant lutou com distinção em Teugen-Hausen (19 de abril), Abensberg (21 de abril), Eckmühl (22 de abril) e Ratisbon (23 de abril). Na Batalha de Wagram em 6 de julho de 1809, Friant foi ferido no ombro por um fragmento de projétil durante a invasão bem-sucedida da Torre Quadrada em Markgrafneusiedl.

### Rússia, Alemanha, França
Na campanha russa de 1812 , Friant comandou a 2ª Divisão do I Corpo de exército de Davout. Em agosto de 1812, após a morte do general Jean-Marie Dorsenne, ele foi nomeado comandante dos Granadeiros à Pied de la Vieille Garde. Friant permaneceu à frente de sua divisão. Ele foi ferido na Batalha de Smolensk (17 de agosto) e gravemente ferido durante a captura da vila de Semenovskaya na Batalha de Borodino (7 de setembro de 1812). Incapacitado e deixado para trás em Gzhatsk , ele ainda estava lá com seus ferimentos não cicatrizados quando o exército em retirada retornou a Gzhatsk no final de outubro.
Friant voltou à França para se recuperar de seus ferimentos em janeiro de 1813. Ele voltou ao front em junho de 1813, comandando a Divisão da Velha Guarda nas batalhas de Dresden (26 de agosto), Leipzig (16-19 de outubro) e Hanau (30 de outubro 1813).
Na campanha de 1814 na França, Friant e sua 1ª Divisão da Velha Guarda travaram uma ação defensiva bem-sucedida contra os austríacos de Gyulai em Bar-sur-Aube em 24 de janeiro. Friant participou da contra-ofensiva surpresa de Napoleão contra o Exército da Silésia de Blücher, obtendo vitórias em Montmirail (11 de fevereiro), Château-Thierry (12 de fevereiro) e Vauchamps (14 de fevereiro de 1814). A Velha Guarda de Friant era o núcleo e a reserva da massa de manobra do imperador. Eles estavam comprometidos com a batalha no confronto sangrento e indeciso em Craonne (7 de março de 1814), o reverso em Laon (9–10 de março), a recaptura de Reims (13 de março) e a derrota em Arcis-sur-Aube, (20 de março).

### Waterloo e os anos finais
Durante o exílio de Napoleão, Friant foi mantido como comandante dos granadeiros à pied de France. Na campanha dos Cem Dias, foi Coronel-Chefe dos Granadeiros à Pied de la Vieille Garde. Seus homens fizeram o ataque final a Ligny quando a escuridão caiu em 16 de junho de 1815. Em 18 de junho, em Waterloo, Friant liderou seus granadeiros da velha guarda no ataque final e fatídico ao centro aliado, onde foi ferido mais uma vez.
Friant aposentou-se em setembro de 1815. Morreu em 24 de junho de 1829, aos 70 anos.

title: Louis Friant

wikitext:
{{Info/Biografia/Wikidata
|nome            =Louis Friant
|imagem          =Général Louis Friant (2).jpg
|nome_completo   =Louis Friant
|nascimento_data ={{dni|18|9|1768|sem idade}}
|nascimento_local=[[Morlancourt]], [[França]]
|morte_data      ={{morte|24|6|1829|18|9|1768|lang=PT}}
|morte_local     =[[Seraincourt (Val-d'Oise)]], França
|nacionalidade   =Francesa
|ocupação        =General de Infantaria
}}
'''Louis Friant''' ([[Morlancourt]], [[18 de setembro]] de [[1768]] - [[Seraincourt (Val-d'Oise)]], [[24 de junho]] de [[1829]]) foi um [[General de divisão]] [[Franceses|francês]], [[Nobreza|nobre]] e [[Par de França]]. Mais tarde, ascendeu a Tenente-General do [[Primeiro Império Francês|Império]]. Lutou nas [[Guerras Revolucionárias Francesas]] e nas [[Guerras Napoleônicas]].

== Juventude e guerras revolucionárias francesas ==
Filho de um fabricante de cera, Louis alistou-se nos Gardes Françaises em fevereiro de 1781, aos 22 anos. Ele ascendeu ao posto de cabo antes de deixar o serviço militar em 1787. Com a eclosão da [[Revolução Francesa]], Louis se ofereceu como voluntário para a [[Garde nationale|Garde Nationale]] de Paris em setembro de 1789. Foi eleito tenente-coronel do 9º Batalhão de Paris em setembro de 1792, liderando esse batalhão na fronteira alemã sob o exército do Mosela até ser ferido na perna esquerda em 16 de dezembro de 1793.

Retornando à ação como coronel da Demi-Brigade 181 e em março de 1794, Friant participou da grande vitória de Fleurus em 26 de junho de 1794. Ele foi o comandante interino por um breve período de uma brigada (julho de 1794) e uma divisão (agosto de 1794). Ele serviu nos cercos de [[Maastricht]] (outubro de 1794) e [[Luxemburgo]] (abril de 1795). Ele foi promovido a ''Général de Brigade'' em 13 de junho de 1795.

Após um período como governador militar de [[Luxemburgo]], Friant serviu no Exército de Sambre-et-Meuse em 1796 ao longo do Reno . Em janeiro de 1797, ele se juntou à Divisão de [[Carlos XIV João da Suécia|Bernadotte]] do [[Exército da Itália (França)|Exército da Itália]]. Ele serviu na Batalha do Tagliamento (16 de março de 1797) e assumiu o comando da 5ª Brigada, 3ª Divisão (30e e 55e Ligne) a partir de junho de 1797.<ref name=":0">{{Citar web |url=https://www.napoleon.org/histoire-des-2-empires/biographies/friant-louis-comte-1758-1829-general-de-division-de-lempire-puis-lieutenant-general/ |titulo=FRIANT, Louis Comte (1758-1829), général de division de l'Empire, puis lieutenant-général |acessodata=2021-09-29 |website=napoleon.org |lingua=fr-FR}}</ref>
[[Ficheiro:General_Friant.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|General Louis Friant]]

== Guerras Napoleônicas ==

=== Egito ===
Friant comandou a 2ª Brigada (61e e 88e Ligne) da divisão do general Desaix no Egito, participando da [[Batalha das Pirâmides]] (21 de julho de 1798) e da brilhante campanha de Desaix no [[Alto Egito]]. Ele foi provisoriamente promovido a Général de Division em 4 de setembro de 1799, e sucedeu Desaix como comandante no [[Alto Egito]] depois que Desaix partiu para desempenhar seu papel decisivo, mas fatal na campanha de Marengo. Friant assumiu um papel de liderança na supressão da grande revolta no Cairo em março-abril de 1800. Confirmado no posto de Général de Division e nomeado governador de Alexandria em setembro de 1800, ele lutou contra os britânicos na Segunda [[Batalha de Aboukir]] (8 de março de 1801), e defendeu [[Alexandria]] até agosto de 1801.<ref>Pierre-Dominique Martin, Histoire de l'expédition française en Egypte, J. M. Eberhart, 1815</ref><ref>Mémoires du comte Reynier, général de division: campagne d'Égypte, Baudouin frères, 1827</ref>

Repatriado com os remanescentes do Exército do Oriente, Friant serviu como inspetor-geral de infantaria em 1801–03 antes de ingressar no Corpo de exército de seu cunhado Davout no acampamento de [[Bruges]]. Lá, ele moldou a 2ème Division, III Corps em "o que provavelmente se tornou a melhor divisão de linha na face da terra" (Bowden, Napoleon e Austerlitz).<ref name=":0" />

=== Grandes dias do Império ===
Na campanha de Ulm-Austerlitz de 1805, a Divisão Friant ganhou a reputação de marchar rápida e eficaz. Esta qualidade teve um uso excelente quando a Divisão foi convocada de [[Viena]] para reforçar o [[Grande Armée]] em [[Austerlitz]], marchando 70 milhas em 46 horas e chegando a tempo de contra-atacar os Aliados em [[Telnice]] e Sokolnice na manhã de 2 de dezembro de 1805. Em Na luta feroz ao longo do riacho Goldbach, Friant teve três cavalos mortos sob seu comando.

Friant foi condecorado com a Grande Águia da [[Legião de Honra]] em 27 de dezembro de 1805. Na campanha de 1806, na [[Batalha de Auerstadt|Batalha de Auerstädt]] (14 de outubro de 1806) em que o III Corpo de exército de Davout de 26 000 homens enfrentou e derrotou o corpo principal prussiano de 63 000, A divisão de Friant avançou à direita, virando o flanco esquerdo [[Prussianos|prussiano]]. A infantaria de Friant e Charles-Étienne Gudin de La Sablonnière, em posição quadrada, resistiu e destruiu um ataque maciço de cavalaria liderado pelo próprio Blücher.

Na campanha polonesa, a Divisão de Friant lutou com sucesso no forçamento do Rio Ukra em 24 de dezembro de 1806. Na [[Batalha de Eylau]], a Divisão de Friant chegou para reforçar a direita francesa na manhã de 8 de fevereiro de 1807, ajudando a virar uma quase derrota em um impasse. Friant sofreu um ferimento a bala no lado direito em Eylau.<ref name=":0" />

Friant foi nomeado Conde de l'Empire em 5 de outubro de 1808.

Na campanha de 1809, a Divisão de Friant lutou com distinção em Teugen-Hausen (19 de abril), Abensberg (21 de abril), Eckmühl (22 de abril) e Ratisbon (23 de abril). Na [[Batalha de Wagram]] em 6 de julho de 1809, Friant foi ferido no ombro por um fragmento de projétil durante a invasão bem-sucedida da Torre Quadrada em [[Markgrafneusiedl]].<ref>Georges Six, Dictionnaire biographique des généraux & amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire (1792-1814), Paris : Librairie G. Saffroy, 1934, 2 vol., p. 471-472</ref><ref>Jullien de Courcelles, Dictionnaire historique et biographique des généraux français : depuis le onzième siècle jusqu'en 1822, Tome 6, l’Auteur, 1823, pp. 195-201</ref>
[[Ficheiro:Arc_de_Triomphe_mg_6818.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|O nome dele está no arco do triunfo em Paris]]

=== Rússia, Alemanha, França ===
Na campanha russa de 1812 , Friant comandou a 2ª Divisão do I Corpo de exército de Davout. Em agosto de 1812, após a morte do general Jean-Marie Dorsenne, ele foi nomeado comandante dos Granadeiros à Pied de la Vieille Garde. Friant permaneceu à frente de sua divisão. Ele foi ferido na Batalha de Smolensk (17 de agosto) e gravemente ferido durante a captura da vila de Semenovskaya na [[Batalha de Borodino]] (7 de setembro de 1812). Incapacitado e deixado para trás em Gzhatsk , ele ainda estava lá com seus ferimentos não cicatrizados quando o exército em retirada retornou a Gzhatsk no final de outubro.

Friant voltou à França para se recuperar de seus ferimentos em janeiro de 1813. Ele voltou ao front em junho de 1813, comandando a Divisão da Velha Guarda nas [[Batalha de Dresden|batalhas de Dresden]] (26 de agosto), [[Batalha de Leipzig|Leipzig]] (16-19 de outubro) e Hanau (30 de outubro 1813).<ref name=":0" />

Na campanha de 1814 na França, Friant e sua 1ª Divisão da Velha Guarda travaram uma ação defensiva bem-sucedida contra os austríacos de Gyulai em Bar-sur-Aube em 24 de janeiro. Friant participou da contra-ofensiva surpresa de [[Napoleão Bonaparte|Napoleão]] contra o Exército da Silésia de Blücher, obtendo vitórias em Montmirail (11 de fevereiro), Château-Thierry (12 de fevereiro) e [[Batalha de Vauchamps|Vauchamps]] (14 de fevereiro de 1814). A Velha Guarda de Friant era o núcleo e a reserva da massa de manobra do imperador. Eles estavam comprometidos com a batalha no confronto sangrento e indeciso em Craonne (7 de março de 1814), o reverso em Laon (9–10 de março), a recaptura de [[Reims]] (13 de março) e a derrota em [[Arcis-sur-Aube]], (20 de março).<ref>{{Citar livro|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=UbFCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA420&lpg=PA420&dq=%22Son+p%C3%A8re+%C3%A9tait+un+modeste+%C3%A9picier+et+cirier+de+village%22&source=bl&ots=rdBx64KCDI&sig=oJoXxbnTcBBnK-AhMuC4pLQYQqM&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-96CWh8HSAhXnwFQKHUZ6BboQ6AEIITAA#v=onepage&q=%22Son%20p%C3%A8re%20%C3%A9tait%20un%20modeste%20%C3%A9picier%20et%20cirier%20de%20village%22&f=false|título=Histoire de Morlancourt|ultimo=Leroy|primeiro=Maurice|data=1904|editora=Impr. Yvert et Tellier|lingua=fr}}</ref>

=== Waterloo e os anos finais ===
Durante o exílio de Napoleão, Friant foi mantido como comandante dos granadeiros à pied de France. Na campanha dos [[Governo dos Cem Dias|Cem Dias]], foi Coronel-Chefe dos Granadeiros à Pied de la Vieille Garde. Seus homens fizeram o ataque final a Ligny quando a escuridão caiu em 16 de junho de 1815. Em 18 de junho, em Waterloo, Friant liderou seus granadeiros da velha guarda no ataque final e fatídico ao centro aliado, onde foi ferido mais uma vez.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aCFBAAAAYAAJ |title=Vie militaire du lieutenant-général comte Friant |year=1857 |last1=Friant |first1=Comte Jean François}}</ref>

Friant aposentou-se em setembro de 1815. Morreu em 24 de junho de 1829, aos 70 anos.<ref name=":0" />

== Referências ==
{{reflist}}

==Ligações externas==
*{{fr}} [http://books.google.fr/books?id=aCFBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=vie+militaire+du+lieutenent&source=bl&ots=hESjzJcYoA&sig=Mut2hnVP3MUv8-vWBwRYVecMfnI&hl=fr&ei=xf7fTOSHI8KAhQeAyeCMDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Vie militaire du lieutenant-général comte Friant'' pelo Conde Jean-François Friant, filho de Louis Friant em [[Google books]]].

{{Controle de autoridade}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friant, Louis}}
[[Categoria:Nomes inscritos no Arco do Triunfo]]
[[Categoria:Generais da França]]
[[Categoria:Militares das Guerras Napoleónicas]]
[[Categoria:Nobres da França]]
[[Categoria:Grã-Cruzes da Ordem Nacional da Legião de Honra]]

title: Louis Friant

Nascimento: 18 de setembro de 1768 · Morlancourt, França

Morte: 24 de junho de 1829 (60 anos) · Seraincourt (Val-d'Oise), França

Nacionalidade: Francesa

Cidadania: França

Filho(a)(s): Jean-François Friant

Ocupação: General de Infantaria

Distinções: - Grã-cruz da Legião de Honra - Nomes inscritos no Arco do Triunfo - Ordem da Coroa de Ferro - Ordem de São Luís

Título: conde