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# Kirsty Clements
Kirsty Clements is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Casualty, played by Lucy Gaskell. She first appeared in the twenty-fourth series episode "Russian Endings", broadcast on 15 May 2010. Kirsty is a staff nurse in Holby City Hospital's emergency department (ED). Gaskell was invited to audition by show producers and was successful. She shadowed ED nurses at a local hospital as preparation for the role. Kirsty is characterised as a strong, independent and feisty nurse, who does the best for her patients. She develops close friendships with her colleagues, notably Adam Trueman (Tristan Gemmill), although Kirsty's brash personality also makes her clash with others.
The character's backstory and home life was explored, with her husband, Warren Clements (Stephen Lord), and daughter, Nita Clements (Holly Earl), introduced. Kirsty is central to an issue-led domestic violence storyline, in which Warren abuses Kirsty. Gaskell wanted to raise awareness for the issue and portray several aspects of the storyline. She researched the story by speaking to domestic abuse victims. The story climaxes when Warren dies after a confrontation between him, Kirsty and Nita. Gaskell quit her role after a year of filming with the show and Kirsty departs in the twenty-fifth series episode "When You're Smiling", broadcast on 30 July 2011.

## Casting
On 18 March 2010, it was announced that actress Lucy Gaskell had joined the show's cast as "fiery and vivacious mental health nurse" Kirsty Clements. Gaskell described the experience as "a great big whirlwind" and said the cast and crew were welcoming towards her. Series producer, Oliver Kent, expressed his delight at Gaskell's casting, commenting that she will be good for creating the character of Kirsty.
Gaskell previously guest starred in Casualty's sister show, Holby City, for one episode as a heavily pregnant woman. She recalled that she was required to do "a lot of pushing, screaming and throwing up". Belinda Campbell, the show's executive producer, requested that Gaskell audition for the role, which she did. At the audition, Gaskell was informed about the character's storylines and how producers wanted to handle the story, which encouraged to pursue the role. The following day, she was offered the job; Gaskell preferred the short wait between auditioning and being offered the role as she found it "the worst part of being an actress". Gaskell immediately notified her mother of her new role, before informing her friend, actress Georgia Taylor, who portrays Ruth Winters in the serial. In preparation for the role, Gaskell shadowed nurses at the emergency department (ED) of Frenchay Hospital, South Gloucestershire. The actress wore medical scrubs while in the hospital's ED which confused patients as they presumed she was a hospital nurse. She enjoyed shadowing the nurses and felt she learnt a lot from the experience.

## Development

### Characterisation
Kirsty is a force of nature. She doesn't hide her light under a bushel – she'll make her diagnosis – even if it means undermining a doctor's authority. Highly trained, and highly skilled, she can diagnose as well as the F2's. Even better at times.— BBC Online.
Kirsty was billed as a brilliant nurse who provides "a breath of fresh air" and "a bucket full of attitude" to the ED. BBC also said Kirsty would arrive with a "dirty laugh", a "disregard for authority" and "loyalty to her patients". Kent described Kirsty as a "human whirlwind". Gaskell named Kirsty the ideal friend who is "fun, game for a laugh and a joke with her colleagues". Kirsty is a staff nurse who was promoted to senior staff nurse in a different hospital due to her "skill, determination and hard work ethic". The actress explained that Kirsty's flaw is putting other people before herself and a need to "make a difference". She called "a strong, confident person" who is "actually rather sensitive and vulnerable", which Gaskell believes she can relate to.
Kirsty forms good relationships with others, but Gaskell said that the character will defend herself and others if she believes they are not being treated fairly. Gaskell told David Collins of TV Choice that Kirsty is a "very forgiving person". The actress said that in work, Kirsty is a "strong, capable woman" who can defend others whereas at home, Kirsty is different; she is "submissive to her domineering husband". Kirsty's backstory states that she married her "childhood sweetheart" Warren Clements (Stephen Lord) and became pregnant at sixteen with their only child, daughter Nita Clements (Holly Earl).

### Friendships
Upon her arrival, Kirsty develops good relationships with most of her colleagues, particularly her male colleagues and ED consultant Zoe Hanna (Sunetra Sarker). She impresses ED consultant Adam Trueman, portrayed by Tristan Gemmill, when she helps a grieving patient (Michelle Collins) tackle her grief. Gaskell revealed that Kirsty finds Adam attractive since he is "quite different" to Warren. Kirsty later shares a one-off kiss with Adam and Gaskell pointed out that a mutual attraction has grown between the pair. Gaskell later revealed in an interview with Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap that Kirsty would not begin a relationship with Adam as she is "not ready" for a relationship following the end of her marriage to Warren. The pair fall out in July 2011 after Adam questions Kirsty's abilities to work. However, Kirsty and Adam reconcile before she departs and Kirsty warns Adam that he needs to change his attitude, which he decides he will do. Gaskell noted that the characters did not get the opportunity to pair romantically, but opined that if they did, they would have made "a great couple".
Kirsty's bold personality results in her often clashing with other members of the ED staff. She clashes with senior nurse Tess Bateman (Suzanne Packer). Gaskell pointed out that their "different nursing styles" led to them sharing conflicting views. On one occasion, Tess warns Kirsty after over-involving herself with a patient. Gaskell explained this "frustrates" her character as she "passionately believes in going that extra mile for a patient if it means it will help them outside of the ED." Kirsty later clashes with Tess again over patient care, but they reconcile when Kirsty requires Tess' help after injuring herself.
Similarly, Kirsty clashes with ED doctor Ruth Winters and they share some "fairly fractious" scenes although Gaskell and Taylor knew each other from school and enjoyed filming together. Gaskell was pleased to work with Taylor again as it "feels like the most natural thing in the world." When Shona Wark (Evelyn Hoskins) is assigned to work on reception but vanishes from her post, Kirsty challenges her and later finds her car has been vandalised by Shona.

### Home life and domestic abuse
In June 2010, Kent revealed that Kirsty's home life would be explored. Lord's casting in the role of Kirsty's husband, Warren, was announced shortly afterwards; the character was billed as "dark and brooding". On Lord's casting, Kent commented, "We're going to see some really powerful stuff from him and Lucy Gaskell". Lord enjoyed working with Gaskell and hoped to work with her again in the future. Warren is a former firefighter who can no longer work due to a medical condition, which makes him frustrated. Having married Kirsty at a young age, he struggled to cope with their marriage and having a child. Lord explained that Warren "genuinely loves" Nita and desires a relationship with Kirsty, but is "fighting a losing battle with himself and others". He also pointed out that Warren has "an explosive temper" and can be "extremely manipulative", stemming from how little pride he has. Gaskell mentioned that Warren would be introduced in the show's twenty-fifth series, and he made his first appearance in the episode "Reasons Unknown", broadcast on 16 October 2010. During Warren's first appearance, Kirsty's home life is portrayed as "miserable" due to her unstable relationship with Warren, and Helen Childs of Inside Soap realised that to Kirsty, the ED is "a refuge" from her home life. Gaskell pointed out that Kirsty enjoys her job because she has an unpleasant home life.
Producers used a "slow-burn" approach for the storytelling of Kirsty's domestic abuse plot, which Gaskell liked. She enjoyed the hidden hints in the build-up to the storyline and preferred this approach rather than "wrapping it up in a few weeks". Gaskell pointed out that there was "quite a big mystery" with Kirsty following her arrival, which added to the slow-burn approach. The actress found the storyline emotionally challenging and admitted that she struggled to "detach herself" from the role after work. She found the storyline "tiring" and said she and Lord became "emotional" about the story as they wanted to portray it correctly. Gaskell and producers worked together to display that domestic abuse often occurs with "strong and feisty women", which she initially found surprising. Gaskell wanted to portray all elements of the domestic abuse rather than focusing on the violence. She commented, "We were keen to show the steady build up, the subtle emotional abuse that’s sometimes harder to identify, and also show the aftereffects of abuse." The actress praised show producers and researchers for their handling of the storyline. Gaskell prepared for the storyline by researching the role and contacting domestic abuse charity, Women's Aid. She visited the charity's call centre in Bristol and discovered the help they offer to victims of abuse. The actress also visited a refuge in London, where she spoke to various women who informed Gaskell of their stories. Gaskell called the women "inspiring" and is "incredibly grateful" towards them for their support. The actress wanted Kirsty's storyline to raise awareness for domestic violence as she felt it was an issue not publicised enough. She commented, "If this storyline has helped even one person, then we've done our job."
Struggling to sleep at home, Kirsty takes diazepam before receiving a call from work informing her she is late. She rushes to get into work, which is challenging for Kirsty. Struggling to stay awake, Kirsty "tricks" Adam into prescribing her Ritalin although it has a negative effect on her body and she collapses. She is discovered by nurse Madiha Dhurani (Hasina Haque) and Adam, who Gaskell described as Kirsty's "knight in shining scrubs". Adam saves Kirsty, but hides her until she regains consciousness. When she awakens, Adam tries to talk to Kirsty, but she is hesitant to speak to him. Gaskell explained that while Kirsty is not yet prepared to speak to Adam, she will "start to crack". Warren and Nita are later involved in a car crash, but when medics arrive at the scene, they cannot find Nita, although Adam eventually finds her. Kirsty is "really shocked and annoyed" with Warren for driving as he struggles to walk. Gaskell admitted that Kirsty feels "uncomfortable" and "awkward" in both Warren and Adam's company following a kiss she shared with Adam. Warren begins to "manipulate" his living situation and suggests he has myalgic encephalomyelitis. Gaskell said that Kirsty is "sceptical" about the suggestion as she is worried that he is governing her using "mind games". On why Kirsty stays with Warren, Gaskell explained that there were many reasons, which the audience would soon discover.

"[That is] a frustrating question for an abuse victim to be asked. The question should be 'Why doesn’t he stop hitting her?' There are so many reasons why people stay in an abusive relationship. In Kirsty's case, it's been because of her daughter Nita, Warren's illness and because she found ways to justify the violence."

When Kirsty discovers Warren may have muscular dystrophy, she begins to lose concentration at work. Struggling, Kirsty shares a "tender moment" with Adam, and at home, Warren realises Adam has texted Kirsty so attacks her. A bruised Kirsty later arrives in the ED, worrying Adam, who questions how she received the bruises. Kirsty claims they appeared after playing with Nita, but she has an X-ray so she can discover the extent of her bruising. Adam reviews the results and discovers several injuries. Kirsty then admits that she is being abused by Warren, who attacks Kirsty when they return home. When Warren attacks Kirsty again, she is left bloodied and flees to Adam's house. Kirsty decides to leave Warren in the wake of her attack, accepting she is a "victim" and admitting to Nita that she is frightened of Warren. Gaskell stated that this is "a real wake-up call" for Kirsty, who briefly considers staying with Adam until she realises Warren would look for her there, endangering her and Nita. Kirsty decides to leave Holby and Gaskell stated that Kirsty believes Warren would "kill her" if he found her. Adam realises that Kirsty is leaving, which she confirms, before leaving Adam a "hurriedly written" note and returning home. As she packs her belongings, Warren returns and confronts Kirsty. Gaskell explained that when Warren finds Kirsty, he becomes "scared" that he may lose control so grows "increasingly violent", which the actress said is "the most dangerous time" for Kirsty. Kirsty and Warren argue and when Adam arrives at the house, he discovers an unconscious Warren at the bottom of the staircase.
Following his fall, Warren is left comatose while Kirsty remains at his bedside, hoping he will die. Gaskell explained that Kirsty is "terrified" that Warren will murder her if he regains consciousness. When Warren's mother, Cathy (Mary Jo Randle), arrives at the hospital, Kirsty reveals that Warren is abusing her and is horrified when Cathy is unsurprised, causing them to argue. When Warren awakes from the coma, Kirsty becomes worried and alerts Adam, which Cathy tells Warren. He becomes enraged and confronts Adam, warning him to stay away from Kirsty. Warren becomes exhausted and punches Kirsty, appalling Kirsty who leaves with Nita. However, after Kirsty leaves, Warren is admitted to resus with deep vein thrombosis. In resus, Warren dies. Following Warren's death, Adam comforts Kirsty who later has an argument with Nita, before discovering her daughter has run away. Kirsty struggles following Nita's disappearances and when a teenage girl is admitted to the ED and later dies, Kirsty "fears the worst". The girl is confirmed not to be Nita and she is later admitted to the ED, much to Kirsty's relief. When Adam questions Nita, the teenager reveals she caused her father's death.
Kirsty discovers Nita's secret in late April 2011 after attending a ceremony honouring Warren. Having heard Warren's former colleague describe him as "wonderful and courageous", Nita becomes "confused" and absconds. When Kirsty finds her, they begin to reminisce about Warren and discuss the impact he had on their lives. After they comfort each other, Nita confesses that she pushed Warren down the stairs. Producers used flashbacks to reveal that Warren's attack on Kirsty caused her to lose consciousness and while she was unconscious, Nita pushed Warren, causing him to fall down the stairs. Gaskell explained that Kirsty presumed that Warren had fallen as she "never" considered that Nita could be responsible. On Kirsty's feelings towards Nita's attack, Gaskell commented, "She's not angry — just guilty that Nita resorted to this. Kirsty blames herself." Nita's confession was filmed in late December 2010 on a swaying tower situated 50 feet above ground while weather conditions were bad. Gaskell found the experience "scary" and noted that the show's continuity team struggled because it occasionally snowed while filming the scenes.

### Departure
"You see someone who has been controlled in this way suddenly take full control of her life. She met Warren when she was young — she was 17 — so this is the first time Kirsty has said, 'I don’t have to do this every day, I can do whatever I want to do.' It’s the most liberating day of Kirsty’s life. So she picks up her daughter Nita, and they drive off to a happy new start."

Gaskell decided to quit her role after a year of filming with the show. After informing producers of her decision, the actress discovered she was pregnant, which she described as "fantastic timing". Gaskell confirmed that producers had left the door open for a potential return and said that she is "really sad" to leave the serial. The actress spoke with producers "a lot" about the character's exit, and decided to produce a "happy ending" for the character. Gaskell found filming her final scenes "emotional" and became hysterical when her colleagues began to bid her goodbye. She also said that she missed her co-stars after leaving, but stated she remains in contact with them.
In July 2011, Adam and Kirsty begin to treat a patient, Emily (Kirsty Armstrong), who has been raped. When Kirsty suggests that Emily should be assessed by the psychiatric team, Adam questions if she is allowing her own abuse judge her professional opinion. Furious, Kirsty reminds him that she did not enjoy her abuse, which is overheard by her colleagues, leaving Kirsty "horrified". Gaskell explained that Kirsty is "mortified", but when Tess comforts her, she realises she needs to accept her history and deal with it. The events of the episode began the process of Kirsty's departure.
Kirsty departs in the series 25 episode "When You're Smiling", broadcast on 30 July 2011. In the build-up to her departure, Kirsty has avoided discussing her feelings about Warren's death. Gaskell explained that Kirsty believes her abuse disappeared when Warren died, which is not correct. Kirsty treats a terminally ill patient with a "very positive outlook on life". The patient motivates Kirsty to be positive and create happier memories for her and Nita so Kirsty resigns from her job during her shift, before walking out of the ED. When Adam questions where she is going, Kirsty tells him she does not know and laughs. Gaskell called the moment "the most liberating moment of her adult life" and she said it was "a lovely moment to play". Kirsty ultimately decides to leave Holby, which Gaskell described as a place "full of bad memories". Producers wanted Kirsty to leave happily, which Gaskell liked as she felt Kirsty had experienced a lot of "misery".

## Reception
Louise Naughton of Nursing in Practice called Kirsty "forceful and feisty" as well as "capable and talented", but stated that she became "belittled, controlled and bruised" in her domestic abuse storyline. Sue Haasler of Pauseliveaction branded the character "Maverick Nurse Kirsty" in her episode reviews. Helen Childs of Inside Soap noted that Kirsty is "in her element" working in the ED. What's on TV observed that Kirsty had "a rough ride" in her time in the ED. Collins (TV Choice) called the domestic abuse storyline "very powerful" and described Kirsty's departure as "uplifting" and a "happy ending" for the character. Naughton believed that Casualty successfully presented how "strong, independent and successful women" can be at risk of domestic abuse, similarly to other women. She also opined that Kirsty had "left a lasting impression" on viewers of the show.
During the domestic abuse storyline, Gaskell received letters from viewers who related to Kirsty's situation. The actress found the letters "emotional" to read. She confirmed that some letters were from viewers who currently in an abusive relationship, which she found "frustrating" because she was unable to respond to those letters in case the abuser read Gaskell's response. In the letters she received, viewers praised the portrayal of the storyline, which left a positive impact on Gaskell.

title: Kirsty Clements

wikitext:
{{short description|Fictional character from the BBC medical drama Casualty}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox character
| series = [[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]
| image = Kirsty Clements.jpg
| caption = Lucy Gaskell as Kirsty Clements
| name = Kirsty Clements
| portrayer = [[Lucy Gaskell]]
| first = "[[Casualty series 24#ep722|Russian Endings]]"
15 May 2010
| last = "[[Casualty series 25#ep780|When You're Smiling]]"
30 July 2011
| occupation = [[Staff nurse]]
| children =  Nita Clements (daughter)
| spouse = Warren Clements (until 2011)
}}
'''Kirsty Clements''' is a fictional character from the [[BBC]] [[medical drama]] ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'', played by [[Lucy Gaskell]]. She first appeared in the [[Casualty series 24|twenty-fourth series]] episode "Russian Endings", broadcast on 15 May 2010. Kirsty is a [[staff nurse]] in [[Holby City Hospital]]'s emergency department (ED). Gaskell was invited to audition by show producers and was successful. She shadowed ED nurses at a local hospital as preparation for the role. Kirsty is characterised as a strong, independent and feisty nurse, who does the best for her patients. She develops close friendships with her colleagues, notably [[Adam Trueman]] ([[Tristan Gemmill]]), although Kirsty's brash personality also makes her clash with others.

The character's backstory and home life was explored, with her husband, Warren Clements ([[Stephen Lord]]), and daughter, Nita Clements ([[Holly Earl]]), introduced. Kirsty is central to an issue-led [[domestic violence]] storyline, in which Warren abuses Kirsty. Gaskell wanted to raise awareness for the issue and portray several aspects of the storyline. She researched the story by speaking to domestic abuse victims. The story climaxes when Warren dies after a confrontation between him, Kirsty and Nita. Gaskell quit her role after a year of filming with the show and Kirsty departs in the [[Casualty series 25|twenty-fifth series]] episode "When You're Smiling", broadcast on 30 July 2011.

== Casting ==
On 18 March 2010, it was announced that actress [[Lucy Gaskell]] had joined the show's cast as "fiery and vivacious mental health nurse" Kirsty Clements.<ref name="cast">{{cite press release|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/03_march/18/casualty.shtml|title=Lucy Gaskell joins nursing team on Casualty|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=18 March 2010|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref> Gaskell described the experience as "a great big whirlwind" and said the cast and crew were welcoming towards her.<ref name="cast" /> Series producer, Oliver Kent, expressed his delight at Gaskell's casting, commenting that she will be good for creating the character of Kirsty.<ref name="cast" />

Gaskell previously guest starred in ''Casualty''{{'s}} sister show, ''[[Holby City]]'', for one episode as a heavily pregnant woman. She recalled that she was required to do "a lot of pushing, screaming and throwing up".<ref name="holby" /> Belinda Campbell, the show's executive producer, requested that Gaskell audition for the role, which she did. At the audition, Gaskell was informed about the character's storylines and how producers wanted to handle the story, which encouraged to pursue the role.<ref name="Naughton" /> The following day, she was offered the job; Gaskell preferred the short wait between auditioning and being offered the role as she found it "the worst part of being an actress".<ref name="holby" /> Gaskell immediately notified her mother of her new role, before informing her friend, actress [[Georgia Taylor]], who portrays [[Ruth Winters]] in the serial.<ref name="holby" /> In preparation for the role, Gaskell shadowed nurses at the [[emergency department]] (ED) of [[Frenchay Hospital]], [[South Gloucestershire]]. The actress wore [[medical scrubs]] while in the hospital's ED which confused patients as they presumed she was a hospital nurse. She enjoyed shadowing the nurses and felt she learnt a lot from the experience.<ref name="Naughton" />

== Development ==
=== Characterisation ===
{{cquote|Kirsty is a force of nature. She doesn't hide her light under a bushel – she'll make her diagnosis – even if it means undermining a doctor's authority. Highly trained, and highly skilled, she can diagnose as well as the F2's. Even better at times.|4=''[[BBC Online]]''.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|title=Kirsty Clements|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/tv/features/casualty/aps/kirsty_clements.shtml|website=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107092412/http://www.bbc.co.uk/tv/features/casualty/aps/kirsty_clements.shtml|archive-date=7 November 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

Kirsty was billed as a brilliant nurse who provides "a breath of fresh air" and "a bucket full of attitude" to the ED. BBC also said Kirsty would arrive with a "dirty laugh", a "disregard for authority" and "loyalty to her patients".<ref name="cast" /> Kent described Kirsty as a "human whirlwind".<ref name="cast" /> Gaskell named Kirsty the ideal friend who is "fun, game for a laugh and a joke with her colleagues".<ref name="holby">{{cite news|last1=Griffin|first1=Cheryl|title=Lucy Gaskell Interview|url=http://www.holby.tv/lucy-gaskell-interview/|access-date=9 June 2017|work=Holby.tv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026035713/http://www.holby.tv/lucy-gaskell-interview/|archive-date=26 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kirsty is a [[staff nurse]] who was promoted to senior staff nurse in a different hospital due to her "skill, determination and hard work ethic".<ref name="holby" /> The actress explained that Kirsty's flaw is putting other people before herself and a need to "make a difference".<ref name="holby" /> She called "a strong, confident person" who is "actually rather sensitive and vulnerable", which Gaskell believes she can relate to.<ref name="holby" />

Kirsty forms good relationships with others, but Gaskell said that the character will defend herself and others if she believes they are not being treated fairly.<ref name="holby" /> Gaskell told David Collins of ''[[TV Choice]]'' that Kirsty is a "very forgiving person".<ref name="extra" /> The actress said that in work, Kirsty is a "strong, capable woman" who can defend others whereas at home, Kirsty is different; she is "submissive to her domineering husband".<ref name="years" /> Kirsty's backstory states that she married her "childhood sweetheart" Warren Clements ([[Stephen Lord]]) and became pregnant at sixteen with their only child, daughter Nita Clements ([[Holly Earl]]).<ref name="bio" />

=== Friendships ===
[[File:Michelle Collins.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Kirsty grows close to consultant Adam Trueman after she helps a patient, played by [[Michelle Collins]] (''pictured'').<ref name="suspension" />]]
Upon her arrival, Kirsty develops good relationships with most of her colleagues, particularly her male colleagues and ED consultant [[Zoe Hanna]] ([[Sunetra Sarker]]).<ref name="holby" /> She impresses ED consultant [[Adam Trueman]], portrayed by [[Tristan Gemmill]], when she helps a grieving patient ([[Michelle Collins]]) tackle her grief.<ref name="suspension">{{cite news|title=Jeff faces suspension|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/jeff-faces-suspension/|access-date=21 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904203759/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/jeff-faces-suspension/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaskell revealed that Kirsty finds Adam attractive since he is "quite different" to Warren.<ref name="collapse" /> Kirsty later shares a one-off kiss with Adam and Gaskell pointed out that a mutual attraction has grown between the pair.<ref name="heartache" /> Gaskell later revealed in an interview with Sarah Ellis of ''[[Inside Soap]]'' that Kirsty would not begin a relationship with Adam as she is "not ready" for a relationship following the end of her marriage to Warren.<ref name="confess" /> The pair fall out in July 2011 after Adam questions Kirsty's abilities to work.<ref name="secret" /> However, Kirsty and Adam reconcile before she departs and Kirsty warns Adam that he needs to change his attitude, which he decides he will do. Gaskell noted that the characters did not get the opportunity to pair romantically, but opined that if they did, they would have made "a great couple".<ref name="extra" />

Kirsty's bold personality results in her often clashing with other members of the ED staff. She clashes with senior nurse [[Tess Bateman]] ([[Suzanne Packer]]).<ref name="holby" /> Gaskell pointed out that their "different nursing styles" led to them sharing conflicting views. On one occasion, Tess warns Kirsty after over-involving herself with a patient. Gaskell explained this "frustrates" her character as she "passionately believes in going that extra mile for a patient if it means it will help them outside of the ED."<ref name="holby" /> Kirsty later clashes with Tess again over patient care, but they reconcile when Kirsty requires Tess' help after injuring herself.<ref>{{cite news|title=Megan's death wish|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/megans-death-wish/|access-date=21 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]}}</ref>

Similarly, Kirsty clashes with ED doctor Ruth Winters and they share some "fairly fractious" scenes although Gaskell and Taylor knew each other from school and enjoyed filming together.<ref name="cast" /> Gaskell was pleased to work with Taylor again as it "feels like the most natural thing in the world."<ref name="holby" /> When Shona Wark ([[Evelyn Hoskins]]) is assigned to work on reception but vanishes from her post, Kirsty challenges her and later finds her car has been vandalised by Shona.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lenny gets lamped!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/lenny-gets-lamped/|access-date=21 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]}}</ref>

=== Home life and domestic abuse ===
In June 2010, Kent revealed that Kirsty's home life would be explored.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kris|title=Oliver Kent (Series Producer, 'Casualty')|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/casualty/interviews/a227198/oliver-kent-series-producer-casualty/|access-date=10 June 2017|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=14 June 2010|language=en|quote=We learn more about Kirsty's home life.|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923201150/http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/casualty/interviews/a227198/oliver-kent-series-producer-casualty/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lord's casting in the role of Kirsty's husband, Warren, was announced shortly afterwards; the character was billed as "dark and brooding". On Lord's casting, Kent commented, "We're going to see some really powerful stuff from him and Lucy Gaskell".<ref name="lord">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Kris|title=Exclusive: Stephen Lord joins 'Casualty'|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/casualty/news/a232056/stephen-lord-joins-casualty/|access-date=9 June 2017|work=[[Digital Spy]]|publisher=[[Hearst Magazines UK]]|date=23 June 2010|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924061915/http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/casualty/news/a232056/stephen-lord-joins-casualty/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lord enjoyed working with Gaskell and hoped to work with her again in the future.<ref name="warren"/> Warren is a former firefighter who can no longer work due to a medical condition, which makes him frustrated. Having married Kirsty at a young age, he struggled to cope with their marriage and having a child. Lord explained that Warren "genuinely loves" Nita and desires a relationship with Kirsty, but is "fighting a losing battle with himself and others".<ref name="warren">{{cite press release|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/2010/wk44/casualty_feature.shtml|title=EastEnder Jase checks into Casualty|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=19 August 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204101714/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/2010/wk44/casualty_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> He also pointed out that Warren has "an explosive temper" and can be "extremely manipulative", stemming from how little pride he has.<ref name="warren" /> Gaskell mentioned that Warren would be introduced in the show's [[Casualty series 25|twenty-fifth series]],<ref name="holby" /> and he made his first appearance in the episode "[[Casualty series 25#ep741|Reasons Unknown]]", broadcast on 16 October 2010.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Reasons Unknown|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vj393|series=Casualty|series-link=Casualty (TV series)|credits=Writer: Dana Fainaru; Director: Will Sinclair; Producer: Lucy Raffety|network=[[BBC]]|station=[[BBC One]]|airdate=16 October 2010|access-date=18 August 2017|archive-date=25 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125094039/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vj393|url-status=live}}</ref> During Warren's first appearance, Kirsty's home life is portrayed as "miserable" due to her unstable relationship with Warren,<ref name="collapse">{{cite journal|last1=Childs|first1=Helen|title=Kirsty's shock collapse!|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=30 October – 5 November 2010|volume=2010|issue=43|page=34}}</ref> and Helen Childs of ''Inside Soap'' realised that to Kirsty, the ED is "a refuge" from her home life.<ref name="heartache" /> Gaskell pointed out that Kirsty enjoys her job because she has an unpleasant home life.<ref name="heartache">{{cite journal|last1=Childs|first1=Helen|title=Kirsty's fresh heartache!|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=27 November – 3 December 2010|volume=2010|issue=47|pages=36–37}}</ref>

Producers used a "slow-burn" approach for the storytelling of Kirsty's domestic abuse plot, which Gaskell liked. She enjoyed the hidden hints in the build-up to the storyline and preferred this approach rather than "wrapping it up in a few weeks".<ref name="years">{{cite news|last1=McLennan|first1=Patrick|title=Lucy Gaskell: It can women years to deal with this|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/casualty/casualty-news/lucy-gaskell-it-can-women-years-to-deal-with-this-238760/|access-date=9 June 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|date=24 January 2011}}</ref> Gaskell pointed out that there was "quite a big mystery" with Kirsty following her arrival, which added to the slow-burn approach.<ref name="years" /> The actress found the storyline emotionally challenging and admitted that she struggled to "detach herself" from the role after work.<ref name="kill" /> She found the storyline "tiring" and said she and Lord became "emotional" about the story as they wanted to portray it correctly.<ref name="Naughton" /> Gaskell and producers worked together to display that domestic abuse often occurs with "strong and feisty women", which she initially found surprising.<ref name="extra" /> Gaskell wanted to portray all elements of the domestic abuse rather than focusing on the violence. She commented, "We were keen to show the steady build up, the subtle emotional abuse that’s sometimes harder to identify, and also show the aftereffects of abuse."<ref name="extra" /> The actress praised show producers and researchers for their handling of the storyline.<ref name="extra" /> Gaskell prepared for the storyline by researching the role and contacting domestic abuse charity, [[Women's Aid]]. She visited the charity's call centre in Bristol and discovered the help they offer to victims of abuse. The actress also visited a refuge in London, where she spoke to various women who informed Gaskell of their stories. Gaskell called the women "inspiring" and is "incredibly grateful" towards them for their support.<ref name="years" /> The actress wanted Kirsty's storyline to raise awareness for domestic violence as she felt it was an issue not publicised enough.<ref name="years" /> She commented, "If this storyline has helped even one person, then we've done our job."<ref name="kill" />

Struggling to sleep at home, Kirsty takes [[diazepam]] before receiving a call from work informing her she is late. She rushes to get into work, which is challenging for Kirsty. Struggling to stay awake, Kirsty "tricks" Adam into prescribing her [[Ritalin]] although it has a negative effect on her body and she collapses.<ref name="collapse" /> She is discovered by nurse [[Madiha Dhurani]] (Hasina Haque) and Adam, who Gaskell described as Kirsty's "knight in shining scrubs".<ref name="collapse" /> Adam saves Kirsty, but hides her until she regains consciousness. When she awakens, Adam tries to talk to Kirsty, but she is hesitant to speak to him. Gaskell explained that while Kirsty is not yet prepared to speak to Adam, she will "start to crack".<ref name="collapse" /> Warren and Nita are later involved in a car crash, but when medics arrive at the scene, they cannot find Nita, although Adam eventually finds her. Kirsty is "really shocked and annoyed" with Warren for driving as he struggles to walk.<ref name="heartache" /> Gaskell admitted that Kirsty feels "uncomfortable" and "awkward" in both Warren and Adam's company following a kiss she shared with Adam.<ref name="heartache" /> Warren begins to "manipulate" his living situation and suggests he has [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]]. Gaskell said that Kirsty is "sceptical" about the suggestion as she is worried that he is governing her using "mind games".<ref name="heartache" /> On why Kirsty stays with Warren, Gaskell explained that there were many reasons, which the audience would soon discover.<ref name="heartache" />

{{Quote box|width=18%|align=right|bgcolor=#E6E6FA|quote="[That is] a frustrating question for an abuse victim to be asked. The question should be 'Why doesn’t he stop hitting her?' There are so many reasons why people stay in an abusive relationship. In Kirsty's case, it's been because of her daughter Nita, Warren's illness and because she found ways to justify the violence."<ref name="years" />|source=—Gaskell on why Kirsty remains together with Warren. (2011)}}
When Kirsty discovers Warren may have [[muscular dystrophy]], she begins to lose concentration at work. Struggling, Kirsty shares a "tender moment" with Adam, and at home, Warren realises Adam has texted Kirsty so attacks her.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ruth sets up Jordan!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/ruth-sets-up-jordan/|access-date=21 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]}}</ref> A bruised Kirsty later arrives in the ED, worrying Adam, who questions how she received the bruises. Kirsty claims they appeared after playing with Nita, but she has an X-ray so she can discover the extent of her bruising. Adam reviews the results and discovers several injuries.<ref name="xray">{{cite journal|title=Can Adam save Kirsty?|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=8–14 January 2011|volume=2011|issue=1|page=24}}</ref> Kirsty then admits that she is being abused by Warren, who attacks Kirsty when they return home.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kirsty's secret is exposed!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirstys-secret-is-exposed/|access-date=21 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923194123/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirstys-secret-is-exposed/|url-status=live}}</ref> When Warren attacks Kirsty again, she is left bloodied and flees to Adam's house.<ref>{{cite news|title=On the verge of a nervous breakdown|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/on-the-verge-of-a-nervous-breakdown/|access-date=21 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923194335/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/on-the-verge-of-a-nervous-breakdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kirsty decides to leave Warren in the wake of her attack, accepting she is a "victim" and admitting to Nita that she is frightened of Warren.<ref name="years" /> Gaskell stated that this is "a real wake-up call" for Kirsty, who briefly considers staying with Adam until she realises Warren would look for her there, endangering her and Nita.<ref name="kill">{{cite journal|last1=Ellis|first1=Sarah|title=Kirsty believes Warren could kill her...|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=29 January – 4 February 2011|volume=2011|issue=4|pages=38–39}}</ref> Kirsty decides to leave Holby and Gaskell stated that Kirsty believes Warren would "kill her" if he found her.<ref name="kill" /> Adam realises that Kirsty is leaving, which she confirms, before leaving Adam a "hurriedly written" note and returning home.<ref name="kill" /> As she packs her belongings, Warren returns and confronts Kirsty. Gaskell explained that when Warren finds Kirsty, he becomes "scared" that he may lose control so grows "increasingly violent", which the actress said is "the most dangerous time" for Kirsty.<ref name="kill" /> Kirsty and Warren argue and when Adam arrives at the house, he discovers an unconscious Warren at the bottom of the staircase.<ref>{{cite news|title=Will Kirsty finally escape Warren's abuse?|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/will-kirsty-finally-escape-warrens-abuse/|access-date=20 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923194233/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/will-kirsty-finally-escape-warrens-abuse/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following his fall, Warren is left comatose while Kirsty remains at his bedside, hoping he will die. Gaskell explained that Kirsty is "terrified" that Warren will murder her if he regains consciousness.<ref name="wakes">{{cite journal|title=Warren wakes up!|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=19–25 February 2011|volume=2011|issue=7|page=19}}</ref> When Warren's mother, Cathy ([[Mary Jo Randle]]), arrives at the hospital, Kirsty reveals that Warren is abusing her and is horrified when Cathy is unsurprised, causing them to argue. When Warren awakes from the coma, Kirsty becomes worried and alerts Adam, which Cathy tells Warren. He becomes enraged and confronts Adam, warning him to stay away from Kirsty.<ref name="wakes" /> Warren becomes exhausted and punches Kirsty, appalling Kirsty who leaves with Nita. However, after Kirsty leaves, Warren is admitted to resus with [[deep vein thrombosis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Jordan's blast from the past!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/jordans-blast-from-the-past/|access-date=20 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=28 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043001/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/jordans-blast-from-the-past/|url-status=live}}</ref> In resus, Warren dies.<ref name="death">{{cite news|title=Kirsty deals with Warren's death|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirsty-deals-with-warrens-death/|access-date=20 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=28 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028093135/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirsty-deals-with-warrens-death/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following Warren's death, Adam comforts Kirsty who later has an argument with Nita, before discovering her daughter has run away.<ref name="death" /> Kirsty struggles following Nita's disappearances and when a teenage girl is admitted to the ED and later dies, Kirsty "fears the worst".<ref name="misery" /><ref name="fears" /> The girl is confirmed not to be Nita and she is later admitted to the ED, much to Kirsty's relief. When Adam questions Nita, the teenager reveals she caused her father's death.<ref name="misery">{{cite journal|title=Kirsty's misery|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=5–11 March 2011|volume=2011|issue=9|page=25}}</ref><ref name="fears">{{cite news|title=Kirsty fears for runaway Nita!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirsty-fears-for-runaway-nita/|access-date=20 August 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|archive-date=28 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028092928/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirsty-fears-for-runaway-nita/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kirsty discovers Nita's secret in late April 2011 after attending a ceremony honouring Warren. Having heard Warren's former colleague describe him as "wonderful and courageous", Nita becomes "confused" and absconds.<ref name="confess">{{cite journal|last1=Ellis|first1=Sarah|title=Kirsty blames herself for what's happened...|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=23–29 April 2011|volume=2011|issue=16|page=39}}</ref> When Kirsty finds her, they begin to reminisce about Warren and discuss the impact he had on their lives. After they comfort each other, Nita confesses that she pushed Warren down the stairs.<ref name="confess" /> Producers used flashbacks to reveal that Warren's attack on Kirsty caused her to lose consciousness and while she was unconscious, Nita pushed Warren, causing him to fall down the stairs. Gaskell explained that Kirsty presumed that Warren had fallen as she "never" considered that Nita could be responsible.<ref name="confess" /> On Kirsty's feelings towards Nita's attack, Gaskell commented, "She's not angry — just guilty that Nita resorted to this. Kirsty blames herself."<ref name="confess" /> Nita's confession was filmed in late December 2010 on a swaying tower situated 50 feet above ground while weather conditions were bad. Gaskell found the experience "scary" and noted that the show's continuity team struggled because it occasionally snowed while filming the scenes.<ref name="confess" />

=== Departure ===
{{Quote box|width=17%|align=right|bgcolor=#E6E6FA|quote="You see someone who has been controlled in this way suddenly take full control of her life. She met Warren when she was young — she was 17 — so this is the first time Kirsty has said, 'I don’t have to do this every day, I can do whatever I want to do.' It’s the most liberating day of Kirsty’s life. So she picks up her daughter Nita, and they drive off to a happy new start."<ref name="extra" />|source=—Gaskell on why Kirsty decides to leave Holby. (2011)}}
Gaskell decided to quit her role after a year of filming with the show. After informing producers of her decision, the actress discovered she was pregnant, which she described as "fantastic timing".<ref name="extra" /> Gaskell confirmed that producers had left the door open for a potential return and said that she is "really sad" to leave the serial.<ref name="goodbye" /> The actress spoke with producers "a lot" about the character's exit, and decided to produce a "happy ending" for the character.<ref name="ending">{{cite journal|last1=Ellis|first1=Sarah|title=I wanted Kirsty to have a happy ending|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=30 July – 5 August 2011|volume=2011|issue=30|page=37}}</ref> Gaskell found filming her final scenes "emotional" and became hysterical when her colleagues began to bid her goodbye. She also said that she missed her co-stars after leaving, but stated she remains in contact with them.<ref name="ending" />

In July 2011, Adam and Kirsty begin to treat a patient, Emily (Kirsty Armstrong), who has been raped. When Kirsty suggests that Emily should be assessed by the psychiatric team, Adam questions if she is allowing her own abuse judge her professional opinion. Furious, Kirsty reminds him that she did not enjoy her abuse, which is overheard by her colleagues, leaving Kirsty "horrified".<ref name="secret">{{cite journal|title=Kirsty's secret revealed|journal=[[Inside Soap]]|date=23–29 July 2011|volume=2011|issue=29|page=31}}</ref> Gaskell explained that Kirsty is "mortified", but when Tess comforts her, she realises she needs to accept her history and deal with it.<ref name="goodbye" /> The events of the episode began the process of Kirsty's departure.<ref name="ending" />

Kirsty departs in the series 25 episode "[[Casualty series 25#ep780|When You're Smiling]]", broadcast on 30 July 2011. In the build-up to her departure, Kirsty has avoided discussing her feelings about Warren's death. Gaskell explained that Kirsty believes her abuse disappeared when Warren died, which is not correct.<ref name="extra">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvchoicemagazine.co.uk/interviewextra/lucy-gaskell-casualty-1|title=Lucy Gaskell Casualty|last=Collins|first=David|date=26 July 2011|work=[[TV Choice]]|access-date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919114226/http://www.tvchoicemagazine.co.uk/interviewextra/lucy-gaskell-casualty-1|archive-date=19 September 2016}}</ref> Kirsty treats a terminally ill patient with a "very positive outlook on life".<ref name="goodbye" /> The patient motivates Kirsty to be positive and create happier memories for her and Nita so Kirsty resigns from her job during her shift, before walking out of the ED. When Adam questions where she is going, Kirsty tells him she does not know and laughs. Gaskell called the moment "the most liberating moment of her adult life" and she said it was "a lovely moment to play".<ref name="goodbye" /> Kirsty ultimately decides to leave Holby, which Gaskell described as a place "full of bad memories".<ref name="goodbye">{{cite news|last1=McLennan|first1=Patrick|title=Goodbye Holby!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/casualty/casualty-news/goodbye-holby-164805/|access-date=9 June 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]|date=28 July 2011|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904202651/http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/casualty/casualty-news/goodbye-holby-164805/|url-status=live}}</ref> Producers wanted Kirsty to leave happily, which Gaskell liked as she felt Kirsty had experienced a lot of "misery".<ref name="goodbye" />

== Reception ==
Louise Naughton of ''[[Nursing in Practice]]'' called Kirsty "forceful and feisty" as well as "capable and talented", but stated that she became "belittled, controlled and bruised" in her domestic abuse storyline.<ref name="Naughton">{{cite news|last1=Naughton|first1=Louise|title=Interview: Actress Lucy Gaskell|url=https://www.nursinginpractice.com/article/interview-actress-lucy-gaskell|access-date=17 August 2017|work=[[Nursing in Practice]]|date=6 December 2012}}</ref> Sue Haasler of ''Pauseliveaction'' branded the character "Maverick Nurse Kirsty" in her episode reviews.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Haasler|first1=Sue|title=Casualty: Ruth's back! Charlie's back! Mads is in danger!|url=https://pauseliveaction.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/casualty-ruths-back-charlies-back-mads-is-in-danger/#more-8311|access-date=4 September 2017|work=Pauseliveaction|date=22 May 2011|archive-date=7 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307095747/http://pauseliveaction.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/casualty-ruths-back-charlies-back-mads-is-in-danger/#more-8311|url-status=live}}</ref> Helen Childs of ''[[Inside Soap]]'' noted that Kirsty is "in her element" working in the ED.<ref name="heartache" /> ''What's on TV'' observed that Kirsty had "a rough ride" in her time in the ED.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kirsty quits!|url=http://www.whatsontv.co.uk/events/kirsty-quits/|access-date=9 June 2017|work=[[What's on TV]]}}</ref> Collins (''TV Choice'') called the domestic abuse storyline "very powerful" and described Kirsty's departure as "uplifting" and a "happy ending" for the character.<ref name="extra" /> Naughton believed that ''Casualty'' successfully presented how "strong, independent and successful women" can be at risk of domestic abuse, similarly to other women.<ref name="Naughton" /> She also opined that Kirsty had "left a lasting impression" on viewers of the show.<ref name="Naughton" />

During the domestic abuse storyline, Gaskell received letters from viewers who related to Kirsty's situation. The actress found the letters "emotional" to read.<ref name="kill" /> She confirmed that some letters were from viewers who currently in an abusive relationship, which she found "frustrating" because she was unable to respond to those letters in case the abuser read Gaskell's response.<ref name="extra" /> In the letters she received, viewers praised the portrayal of the storyline, which left a positive impact on Gaskell.<ref name="Naughton" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/tv/features/casualty/aps/kirsty_clements.shtml Kirsty Clements] on [[BBC Online]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727021302/http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0198364/ Kirsty Clements] on [[IMDb]]

{{Holby|Casualty}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Clements, Kirsty}}
[[Category:Casualty (TV series) characters]]
[[Category:Television characters introduced in 2010]]
[[Category:Fictional nurses in soap operas]]
[[Category:British female characters in soap operas]]
[[Category:English female characters in television]]

title: Kirsty Clements

First appearance: "Russian Endings" · 15 May 2010

Last appearance: "When You're Smiling" · 30 July 2011

Portrayed by: Lucy Gaskell

title: In-universe information

Occupation: Staff nurse

Spouse: Warren Clements (until 2011)

Children: Nita Clements (daughter)


text:
# Zaraza siatkowata
Zaraza siatkowata, z. bladokwiatowa (Orobanche reticulata Wallr.) – gatunek byliny z rodziny zarazowatych (Orobanchaceae). Występuje na rozległym obszarze Europy (bez krańców północnych, zachodnich i południowych) oraz w zachodniej Azji. Jest rośliną pasożytniczą. Pasożytuje głównie na ostrożeniach i ostach. W Polsce jest rośliną rzadką, aczkolwiek spotykaną we wszystkich regionach poza środkową częścią kraju. Najliczniejsze stanowiska ma na Pomorzu Zachodnim.

## Morfologia
ŁodygaNierozgałęziona, żółtawa lub czerwonawa, ogruczolona, zgrubiała u nasady, rzadko pokryta łuskami, do 60 (90) cm wysokości.
LiścieŁuskowate, trójkątne do podłużnie lancetowatych. Osiągają do 3 cm długości.
KwiatyLiczne, zebrane w kłosowaty kwiatostan, luźny na dole, gęstniejący ku górze. Kwiaty grzbieciste, siedzące. Łatki kielicha wolne, ukośnie jajowate, jednonerwowe. Korona kwiatu biaława lub żółtawa, ciemno ogruczolona, długości 15-22 (20–23) mm. Pręciki 4, wyrastają 3-4 mm nad nasadą korony.
OwocePodłużna torebka z licznymi, drobnymi nasionami, o długości do 0,5 mm.

## Biologia i ekologia
Bylina bezzieleniowa, bez korzeni. Kwitnie od czerwca do września. Jest rośliną pasożytniczą. Pasożytuje na roślinach z rodziny astrowatych (Asteraceae), głównie na ostrożeniach (Cirsium sp.) i ostach (Carduus sp.).
Występuje w murawach kserotermicznych, rzadziej spotykana w lasach łęgowych i na wilgotnych łąkach. Rośnie na podłożu bogatym w węglan wapnia.

## Zagrożenia i ochrona
W latach 2004–2014 gatunek był objęty w Polsce ochroną ścisłą, od 2014 roku podlega ochronie częściowej. Jedno stanowisko w Górach Kaczawskich znajduje się na terenie rezerwatu Góra Miłek.
Roślina jest umieszczona na Czerwonej liście roślin i grzybów Polski (2006) w grupie gatunków rzadkich, potencjalnie zagrożonych (kategoria zagrożenia R). W wydaniu z 2016 roku otrzymała kategorię EN (zagrożony).
Zagrożeniem dla gatunku jest intensywna gospodarka łąkowa oraz naturalnie następująca sukcesja ekologiczna roślinności.

wikiname: plwiki

title: Zaraza siatkowata

in_language: pl

wikitext:
{{Takson infobox
 |nazwa                = Zaraza siatkowata
 |grafika              = Orobanche reticulata subsp. pallidiflora sl3.jpg
 |opis grafiki         =
 |alt grafiki          =
 |systematyka ref      = <ref name="ruggiero" /><ref name="apweb" />
 |domena               = [[eukarionty]]
 |królestwo            = [[rośliny]]
 |podkrólestwo         = [[rośliny zielone]]
 |nadgromada           = [[rośliny telomowe]]
 |gromada              = [[rośliny naczyniowe]]
 |podgromada           = [[rośliny nasienne]]
 |nadklasa             = [[okrytonasienne]]
 |klasa                = ''[[Magnoliopsida]]''
 |nadrząd              = [[astropodobne]]
 |rząd                 = [[jasnotowce]]
 |rodzina              = [[zarazowate]]
 |rodzaj               = [[zaraza (roślina)|zaraza]]
 |gatunek              = zaraza siatkowata
 |nazwa łacińska       = Orobanche reticulata
 |autor                = Wallr.
 |cytat                = Orobanches Gen. Diask.: 42 (1825)<ref name="powo"/>
 |synonimy             =
* ''Orobanche pallidiflora'' Wimm. & Grab.
* ''Orobanche platystigma'' subsp. ''reticulata'' (Wallr.) P.Fourn.
 |wikispecies          = Orobanche reticulata
 |commons              = Category:Orobanche reticulata
}}
'''Zaraza siatkowata'''<ref name="checklist">{{Cytuj |autor = Zbigniew Mirek, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa, Adam Zając, Maria Zając |tytuł = Vascular plants of Poland. An annotated checklist |miejsce = Kraków |wydawca = W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences |data = 2020 |s = 125 |isbn = 978-83-62975-45-7}}</ref>, z. bladokwiatowa<ref name=zajac/> (''Orobanche reticulata'' <small>Wallr.</small>) – [[gatunek (biologia)|gatunek]] [[bylina (botanika)|byliny]] z rodziny [[zarazowate|zarazowatych]] (''Orobanchaceae''). Występuje na rozległym obszarze [[Europa|Europy]] (bez krańców północnych, zachodnich i południowych) oraz w zachodniej [[Azja|Azji]]<ref name="powo">{{Cytuj stronę | url = https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77224045-1 | tytuł = Orobanche reticulata Wallr. | praca = Plants of the World online | opublikowany = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | data dostępu = 2022-12-04}}</ref>. Jest [[Rośliny pasożytnicze|rośliną pasożytniczą]]. Pasożytuje głównie na [[ostrożeń (roślina)|ostrożeniach]] i [[oset|ostach]]. W Polsce jest rośliną rzadką, aczkolwiek spotykaną we wszystkich regionach poza środkową częścią kraju. Najliczniejsze stanowiska ma na Pomorzu Zachodnim<ref name=zajac>{{cytuj | autor = Adam Zając, Maria Zając (red.) | tytuł = Atlas rozmieszczenia roślin naczyniowych w Polsce: dodatek | wydawca = Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Botaniki | data = 2019 | isbn = 978-83-956282-0-7 | miejsce = Kraków | oclc = 1143739807 | s=97}}</ref>.

== Morfologia ==
[[Plik:Orobanche reticulata subsp. pallidiflora sl20.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Kwiat]]
[[Plik:Orobanche reticulata subsp. pallidiflora sl23.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Wnętrze kwiatu z nagimi pręcikami i słupkiem]]
; [[Łodyga]] : Nierozgałęziona, żółtawa lub czerwonawa, ogruczolona, zgrubiała u nasady, rzadko pokryta łuskami, do 60 (90<ref name=mirkowa/>) cm wysokości.
; [[Liść|Liście]] : Łuskowate, trójkątne do podłużnie lancetowatych. Osiągają do 3 cm długości<ref name=mirkowa/>.
; [[Kwiat]]y : Liczne, zebrane w kłosowaty [[kwiatostan]], luźny na dole, gęstniejący ku górze<ref name=mirkowa/>. Kwiaty [[Kwiat grzbiecisty|grzbieciste]], siedzące. Łatki [[kielich (botanika)|kielicha]] wolne, ukośnie jajowate, jednonerwowe. [[Korona kwiatu]] biaława lub żółtawa, ciemno ogruczolona, długości 15-22 (20–23<ref name=mirkowa/>) mm. [[Pręcik (botanika)|Pręciki]] 4, wyrastają 3-4 mm nad nasadą korony<ref name=szafer/>.
; [[Owoc]]e : Podłużna torebka z licznymi, drobnymi nasionami, o długości do 0,5 mm<ref name=mirkowa/>.

== Biologia i ekologia ==
[[Bylina (botanika)|Bylina]] bezzieleniowa, bez korzeni. Kwitnie od czerwca do września. Jest [[Rośliny pasożytnicze|rośliną pasożytniczą]]. Pasożytuje na roślinach z rodziny [[Astrowate|astrowatych]] (''Asteraceae''), głównie na [[ostrożeń (roślina)|ostrożeniach]] (''Cirsium'' sp.) i [[oset|ostach]] (''Carduus'' sp.)<ref name=mirkowa/>.

Występuje w [[murawa kserotermiczna|murawach kserotermicznych]], rzadziej spotykana w [[Las łęgowy|lasach łęgowych]] i na wilgotnych łąkach. Rośnie na podłożu bogatym w węglan wapnia<ref name=mirkowa/>.

== Zagrożenia i ochrona ==
W latach 2004–2014 gatunek był objęty w Polsce ochroną ścisłą, od 2014 roku podlega [[Lista gatunków roślin objętych ochroną częściową w Polsce|ochronie częściowej]]<ref name=rozp2014/>. Jedno stanowisko w Górach Kaczawskich znajduje się na terenie rezerwatu [[Rezerwat przyrody Góra Miłek|Góra Miłek]]<ref name=mirkowa/>.

Roślina jest umieszczona na [[Czerwona lista roślin i grzybów Polski|Czerwonej liście roślin i grzybów Polski]] (2006)<ref name=redlist/> w grupie gatunków rzadkich, potencjalnie zagrożonych (kategoria zagrożenia '''R'''). W wydaniu z 2016 roku otrzymała kategorię '''EN''' ([[gatunek zagrożony|zagrożony]])<ref>{{Cytuj książkę | autor =Kaźmierczakowa R., Bloch-Orłowska J., Celka Z., Cwener A., Dajdok Z., Michalska-Hejduk D., Pawlikowski P., Szczęśniak E., Ziarnek K.| tytuł =Polska czerwona lista paprotników i roślin kwiatowych. Polish red list of pteridophytes and flowering plants | wydawca =Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk | miejsce =Kraków | rok =2016 | strony = | isbn =978-83-61191-88-9 }}</ref>.

Zagrożeniem dla gatunku jest intensywna gospodarka łąkowa oraz naturalnie następująca [[sukcesja ekologiczna]] roślinności<ref name=mirkowa/>.

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy|
<ref name="ruggiero">{{Ruggiero |data dostępu = 2020-02-20}}</ref>
<ref name=apweb>{{Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |data dostępu = 2010-03-24}}</ref>
<ref name=mirkowa>{{cytuj książkę |autor=Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa |autor2=Zbigniew Mirek |tytuł=Rośliny chronione |seria=Flora Polski |wydawca=Multico |wydanie=II |rok=2006 |isbn=9788370734442}}</ref>
<ref name=redlist>{{cytuj książkę|tytuł=Red list of plants and fungi in Poland. Czerwona lista roślin i grzybów Polski |inni=Zbigniew Mirek, Kazimierz Zarzycki, Władysław Wojewoda, Zbigniew Szeląg (red.) |wydawca=Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera, Polska Akademia Nauk|miejsce=Kraków |rok=2006 |isbn=83-89648-38-5}}</ref>
<ref name=rozp2014>{{Dziennik Ustaw|rok=2014|numer=0|pozycja=1409}} – Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej roślin.</ref>
<ref name=szafer>{{cytuj książkę |autor=W. Szafer |autor2=S. Kulczyński |autor3=B. Pawłowski |tytuł=Rośliny polskie |wydawca=Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe |miejsce=Warszawa |rok=1969}}</ref>
}}

{{Kontrola autorytatywna}}

[[Kategoria:Zarazowate]]
[[Kategoria:Rośliny chronione]]
[[Kategoria:Rośliny pasożytnicze]]

title: Zaraza siatkowata

Domena: eukarionty

Królestwo: rośliny

Podkrólestwo: rośliny zielone

Nadgromada: rośliny telomowe

Gromada: rośliny naczyniowe

Podgromada: rośliny nasienne

Nadklasa: okrytonasienne

Klasa: Magnoliopsida

Nadrząd: astropodobne

Rząd: jasnotowce

Rodzina: zarazowate

Rodzaj: zaraza

Gatunek: zaraza siatkowata


text:
# Rosario Montt
Rosario Montt Goyenechea (1822-2 de diciembre de 1894)fue una ama de casa chilena. Casada con el abogado y político Manuel Montt, ejerció como primera dama del país durante la presidencia de este, entre 1851 y 1861.

## Familia y matrimonio
Hija de Filiberto Montt Prado y de María de la Luz Goyenechea de la Sierra, fue hermana del político José Anacleto Montt Goyenechea, siendo a través de su madre sobrina de la familia Gallo Goyenechea.
Conoció a Manuel Montt en la Hacienda Tapihue.

En 1838 (Manuel Montt) empieza a visitar, con mayor frecuencia de lo habitual, a sus parientes en Casablanca. Ha caído prendido bajo los encantos de su prima: Rosario Montt Goyenechea, que, pese a su corta edad (16 años), le corresponde. En la familia se conservan las 18 cartas que escribiera don Manuel a doña Rosario en su noviazgo y con sorpresa se revela que ese hombre circunspecto y de apariencia fría, poseía un corazón sensible y lleno de ternura.
Relato de Manuel Montt Dubournais, bisnieto del expresidente Montt y presidente de la Fundación Manuel Montt.

Contrajeron matrimonio en la parroquia de Casablanca el 30 de mayo de 1839. Tuvieron 16 hijos, aunque sólo 12 llegaron a adultos, entre los cuales se cuenta a: Pedro, presidente de Chile entre 1906-1910; Daniel; Manuel, casado con Mercedes García-Huidobro Alcalde; Carlos, casado con Mercedes Ortúzar; el abogado, escritor e historiador Luis, casado primero con Clotilde Larenas y Pradel y luego con Emilia Lehuedé Montfort; Benjamín; Alberto; Enrique; Luz, casada con Ambrosio Montt Luco; Rosa, casada con Eugenio Guzmán Irarrázaval; y Rosario, casada con el diplomático colombiano Carlos Sáenz Echeverría.
Tras la muerte de sus padres, Rosario y su familia habitaron una casa ubicada en el centro de Santiago, que fue declarada monumento nacional en 1981.

## Primera dama y años posteriores
El 18 de septiembre de 1851 su cónyuge asumió como presidente de la República, con lo cual Montt comenzó a ejercer el cargo de primera dama de Chile. Durante su vida en el Palacio de La Moneda, fue aliada del ministro Antonio Varas. El gobierno de Montt finalizó el 18 de septiembre de 1861.
Enviudó en 1880, y falleció en 1894. Sus restos fueron enterrados en el Cementerio General de Santiago.

wikiname: eswiki

title: Rosario Montt

in_language: es

wikitext:
{{Ficha de persona
| escudo = Coat_of_Arms_of_Chile_(1834-1920).svg
| cargo = [[Primera dama de Chile]]
| subtítulo = Cargo protocolar
| presidente = [[Manuel Montt Torres]]
| inicio     = 18 de septiembre de 1851
| final      = 18 de septiembre de 1861
| predecesora = [[Enriqueta Pinto Garmendia]]
| sucesora = [[Tránsito Flores de la Cavareda]]
}}
[[Archivo:Vista hacia el poniente de la Casa del presidente Manuel Montt.JPG|250px|miniaturadeimagen|La [[Casa de Manuel Montt|casa]] en Santiago que Rosario Montt heredó de sus padres.]]
'''Rosario Montt Goyenechea''' (1822-2 de diciembre de 1894)<ref name=pdi>{{cita libro |autor=[[Policía de Investigaciones de Chile|PDI]] |título=Rosario Montt Goyenechea |obra=Primeras Damas de Chile: Por la valoración y promoción de la igualdad de género en nuestro país |url=http://www.centrohistoricoforense.cl/docs/primeras_damas.pdf |fechaacceso=20 de abril de 2017 |formato=PDF |año=2012 |editorial=Impresos [[El Mercurio de Valparaíso]] |ubicación=Valparaíso |isbn=978-956-7620-21-0 |páginas=47-50 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201830/http://www.centrohistoricoforense.cl/docs/primeras_damas.pdf |fechaarchivo=23 de septiembre de 2015 }}</ref>fue una ama de casa [[chile]]na. Casada con el abogado y político [[Manuel Montt]], ejerció como [[primera dama de Chile|primera dama del país]] durante la [[presidente de Chile|presidencia]] de este, entre 1851 y 1861.

== Familia y matrimonio ==
Hija de Filiberto Montt Prado y de María de la Luz Goyenechea de la Sierra, fue hermana del político [[José Anacleto Montt Goyenechea]], siendo a través de su madre sobrina de la [[familia Gallo Goyenechea]].

Conoció a [[Manuel Montt]] en la Hacienda Tapihue.<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id=%7Bb1b6afe3-c9db-4e43-bf16-c37f93d3a54d%7D |título=Diario El Mercurio, sábado 5 de septiembre de 2009. |fechaacceso=13 de enero de 2020 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195454/http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id=%7Bb1b6afe3-c9db-4e43-bf16-c37f93d3a54d%7D |fechaarchivo=4 de marzo de 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |url=http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id=%7B9c277ed1-91c7-4902-9c2c-d55449a907d4%7D |título=Diario El Mercurio, viernes 18 de septiembre de 2009. |fechaacceso=13 de enero de 2020 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121434/http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id=%7B9c277ed1-91c7-4902-9c2c-d55449a907d4%7D |fechaarchivo=4 de marzo de 2016 }}</ref>

{{cita|En 1838 (Manuel Montt) empieza a visitar, con mayor frecuencia de lo habitual, a sus parientes en Casablanca. Ha caído prendido bajo los encantos de su prima: Rosario Montt Goyenechea, que, pese a su corta edad (16 años), le corresponde. En la familia se conservan las 18 cartas que escribiera don Manuel a doña Rosario en su noviazgo y con sorpresa se revela que ese hombre circunspecto y de apariencia fría, poseía un corazón sensible y lleno de ternura.|Relato de Manuel Montt Dubournais, bisnieto del expresidente Montt y presidente de la [[Fundación Manuel Montt]].}}

Contrajeron matrimonio en la parroquia de [[Casablanca (Chile)|Casablanca]] el 30 de mayo de 1839. Tuvieron 16 hijos, aunque sólo 12 llegaron a adultos, entre los cuales se cuenta a:<ref>[http://www.sellos.uchile.cl/conmemorativo1e.html Universidad de Chile, conmemorativo.]</ref> [[Pedro Montt Montt|Pedro]], presidente de Chile entre 1906-1910; Daniel; Manuel, casado con Mercedes García-Huidobro Alcalde; Carlos, casado con Mercedes Ortúzar; el abogado, escritor e historiador [[Luis Montt Montt|Luis]], casado primero con Clotilde Larenas y Pradel y luego con Emilia Lehuedé Montfort; Benjamín; [[Alberto Montt Montt|Alberto]]; [[Enrique Montt Montt|Enrique]]; Luz, casada con [[Ambrosio Montt Luco]]; Rosa, casada con [[José Eugenio Guzmán Irarrázaval|Eugenio Guzmán Irarrázaval]]; y Rosario, casada con el diplomático colombiano Carlos Sáenz Echeverría.

Tras la muerte de sus padres, Rosario y su familia habitaron una [[Casa de Manuel Montt|casa]] ubicada en el centro de Santiago, que fue declarada [[Monumento nacional de Chile|monumento nacional]] en 1981.<ref name=cnm>{{cita web|url=http://www.monumentos.cl/catalogo/625/w3-article-26111.html|título=Inmueble ubicado en Calle Merced 738 - Casa del Presidente Manuel Montt|obra=monumentos.cl|fechaacceso=20 de abril de 2017}}</ref>

== Primera dama y años posteriores ==
El 18 de septiembre de 1851 su cónyuge asumió como [[Presidente de Chile|presidente de la República]], con lo cual Montt comenzó a ejercer el cargo de [[primera dama de Chile]]. Durante su vida en el [[Palacio de La Moneda]], fue aliada del ministro [[Antonio Varas]].<ref name=pdi /> El gobierno de Montt finalizó el 18 de septiembre de 1861.

Enviudó en 1880, y falleció en 1894. Sus restos fueron enterrados en el [[Cementerio General de Santiago]].<ref name=pdi />

== Referencias ==
{{listaref}}

== Enlaces externos ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.genealog.cl/Apellidos/Carrera/#MonttGoyenechea,Rosario Rosario Montt Goyenechea Genealog.cl]

{{NF|1827|1894|Montt Goyenechea, Rosario}}
[[Categoría:Familia Montt|R]]
[[Categoría:Primeras damas de Chile]]

title: · Primera dama de Chile · Cargo protocolar

· Primera dama de Chile · Cargo protocolar: 18 de septiembre de 1851-18 de septiembre de 1861

Presidente: Manuel Montt Torres

Predecesora: Enriqueta Pinto Garmendia

Sucesora: Tránsito Flores de la Cavareda

title: Información personal

Fallecimiento: 2 de diciembre de 1894

Nacionalidad: Chilena

title: Familia

Familia: Familia Gallo Goyenechea

Cónyuge: Manuel Montt

Hijos: - Pedro Montt - Luis Montt Montt - Alberto Montt Montt - Enrique Montt Montt

title: Información profesional

Ocupación: Primera dama


text:
# Sân bay Bornholm
Sân bay Bornholm (tiếng Đan Mạch: Bornholms Lufthavn) (IATA: RNN, ICAO: EKRN) là một sân bay tại Đan Mạch, nằm cách Rønne 5 km về phía đông nam, trên đảo Bornholm.
Sân bay này được khai trương ngày 16 tháng 11 năm 1940 và hãng Det Danske Luftfartsselskab đã bắt đầu cung cấp dịch vụ bay hàng ngày đến Copenhagen. Tuyến này đã được thay bằng Maersk Air năm 1982, hãng này sau đó là một bộ phận của Sterling Airlines - và năm 2002 Cimber Air tiếp quản tuyến bay này sau khi Maersk bị thua lỗ. Năm 2005, hãng Danish Air Transport cùng tham gia tuyến này. Hiện sân bay này có 7 chuyến đi mỗi ngày với lượng khách 190.000 mỗi năm.

## Các hãng hàng không và các điểm đến
- Bulgarian Air Charter (Bourgas) seasonal
- Cimber Air (Billund, Copenhagen)
- DAT - Danish Air Transport (Copenhagen)
- Lufthansa
  - Lufthansa Regional operated by Lufthansa CityLine (Hamburg)
- Widerøe (Oslo)

wikiname: viwiki

title: Sân bay Bornholm

in_language: vi

wikitext:
{{Airport frame}}
{{Airport title
 | name=Sân bay Bornholm
 | nativename = Bornholms Lufthavn
}}
{{Airport image|airport_image=Bornholms Lufthavn asv2024-07 img2.jpg}}
{{Airport infobox
 | IATA         = RNN
 | ICAO         = EKRN
 | type         = Công
 | run by       = Danish Civil Aviation Administration (''Statens Luftfartsvæsen'')
 | closest town = Bornholm <!-- location: Rønne, serves: Bornholm -->
 | elevation_ft = 52
 | elevation_m  = 16
 | coordinates  = {{coor dms|55|03|48|N|014|45|34|E|type:airport_region:DK}}
}}
{{Runway title}}
{{Runway
 | runway_angle    = 11/29
 | runway_length_f = 6.568
 | runway_length_m = 2.002
 | runway_surface  = [[Nhựa đường|Asphalt]]
}}
{{Airport end frame}}

'''Sân bay Bornholm''' ({{langx|da|Bornholms Lufthavn}}) {{airport codes|RNN|EKRN}} là một sân bay tại [[Đan Mạch]], nằm cách [[Rønne]] 5 km về phía đông nam, trên đảo [[Bornholm]].

Sân bay này được khai trương ngày 16 tháng 11 năm [[1940]] và hãng Det Danske Luftfartsselskab đã bắt đầu cung cấp dịch vụ bay hàng ngày đến Copenhagen. Tuyến này đã được thay bằng [[Maersk Air]] năm 1982, hãng này sau đó là một bộ phận của [[Sterling Airlines]] - và năm [[2002]]  [[Cimber Air]] tiếp quản tuyến bay này sau khi Maersk bị thua lỗ. Năm [[2005]], hãng [[Danish Air Transport]] cùng tham gia tuyến này. Hiện sân bay này có 7 chuyến đi mỗi ngày với lượng khách 190.000 mỗi năm.

== Các hãng hàng không và các điểm đến ==
*[[Bulgarian Air Charter]] (Bourgas) ''seasonal''
*[[Cimber Air]] (Billund, Copenhagen)
*[[DAT - Danish Air Transport]] (Copenhagen)
*[[Lufthansa]]
**[[Lufthansa Regional]] operated by [[Lufthansa CityLine]] (Hamburg)
*[[Widerøe]] (Oslo)

== Tham khảo ==
{{tham khảo}}
*[[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] Denmark: [http://www.slv.dk/Dokumenter/dscgi/ds.py/View/Collection-339 Bornholm/Roenne - EKRN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906104117/http://www.slv.dk/Dokumenter/dscgi/ds.py/View/Collection-339 |date=2007-09-06 }}
*[[Visual flight rules|VFR]] Flight Guide Denmark: [http://www.slv.dk/Dokumenter/dscgi/ds.py/View/Collection-584 Bornholm/Roenne - EKRN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020173207/http://www.slv.dk/Dokumenter/dscgi/ds.py/View/Collection-584 |date=2006-10-20 }}

== Liên kết ngoài ==
*[http://www.bornholms-lufthavn.dk/en/ Bornholm Airport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403074145/http://bornholms-lufthavn.dk/en/ |date=2008-04-03 }} {{en icon}}
*[http://www.bornholms-lufthavn.dk/ Bornholms Lufthavn] {{dk icon}}
*{{WAD|EKRN}}

{{sân bay Đan Mạch}}

{{sơ khai}}

[[Thể loại:Sân bay Đan Mạch|Bornholm]]

title: Hướng

ft: m


text:
# Sebastian Brendel
Sebastian Brendel (Schwedt/Oder, 12 maart 1988) is een Duits kanovaarder.
Brendel behaalde tijdens de Olympische Zomerspelen 2012 de gouden medaille bij de C-1 op de 1000 meter sprint. Vier jaar later prolongeerde hij deze medaille en won daarnaast met Jan Vandrey de C-2 over 1000 meter.

## Belangrijkste resultaten

### Olympische Zomerspelen
| Editie | Plaats         | Resultaten              |
| ------ | -------------- | ----------------------- |
| 2012   | Londen         | C-1 1000m               |
| 2016   | Rio de Janeiro | C-1 1000m C-2 1000m     |
| 2020   | Tokio          | 10e C-1 1000m C-2 1000m |

### Wereldkampioenschappen sprint
In onderstaande tabel is een selectie van de beste resultaten van Brendel op de Wereldkampioenschappen sprint weergegeven.
| Jaar | Plaats           | Resultaten                                             |
| ---- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| 2007 | Duisburg         | C-4 500m                                               |
| 2009 | Dartmouth        | 4e C-1 500m · C-1 1000m · 4e C-1 4x200m Relay          |
| 2010 | Poznań           | C-1 1000m                                              |
| 2011 | Szeged           | C-1 4x200m Relay                                       |
| 2013 | Duisburg         | C-1 1000m · C-1 5000m · C-1 4x200m Relay               |
| 2014 | Moskou           | C-1 500m · C-1 1000m · C-1 5000m · 4e C-1 4x200m Relay |
| 2015 | Milaan           | C-1 1000m · C-1 5000m                                  |
| 2017 | Račice           | C-1 1000m · C-1 5000m · C-4 1000m                      |
| 2018 | Montemor-o-Velho | C-1 500m · C-1 1000m · C-1 5000m                       |
| 2019 | Szeged           | C-1 500 m · C-1 5000 m                                 |

1936: Francis Amyot ·
1948: Josef Holeček ·
1952: Josef Holeček ·
1956: Leon Rotman ·
1960: János Parti ·
1964: Jürgen Eschert ·
1968: Tibor Tatai ·
1972: Ivan Patzaichin ·
1976: Matija Ljubek ·
1980: Ljoebomir Ljoebenov ·
1984: Ulrich Eicke ·
1988: Ivans Klementjevs ·
1992: Nikolai Boechalov ·
1996: Martin Doktor ·
2000: Andreas Dittmer ·
2004: David Cal ·
2008: Attila Vajda ·
2012: Sebastian Brendel ·
2016: Sebastian Brendel ·
2020: Isaquias Queiroz ·
2024: Martin Fuksa
1936: Jan Brzák-Felix & Vladimír Syrovátka ·
1948: Jan Brzák-Felix & Bohumil Kudrna ·
1952: Finn Haunstoft & Bent Peder Rasch ·
1956: Alexe Dumitru & Simion Ismailciuc ·
1960: Leonid Geisjtor & Sergej Makarenko ·
1964: Andrei Chimitsj & Stepan Osjtsjepkov ·
1968: Serghei Covaliov & Ivan Patzaichin ·
1972: Vladislavas Česiūnas & Joeri Lobanov ·
1976: Sergej Petrenko & Aleksandr Vinogradov ·
1980: Ivan Patzaichin & Toma Simionov ·
1984: Ivan Patzaichin & Toma Simionov ·
1988: Nicolae Juravschi & Viktor Reneiski ·
1992: Ulrich Papke & Ingo Spelly ·
1996: Andreas Dittmer & Gunar Kirchbach ·
2000: Florin Popescu & Mitică Pricop ·
2004: Christian Gille & Tomasz Wylenzek ·
2008: Aliaksandr Bahdanovitsj & Andrei Bahdanovitsj ·
2012: Peter Kretschmer & Kurt Kuschela ·
2016: Sebastian Brendel & Jan Vandrey ·
2020: Fernando Jorge & Serguey Torres

wikiname: nlwiki

title: Sebastian Brendel

in_language: nl

wikitext:
{{Infobox sporter
| afbeelding        = Sebastian Brendel.jpg
| onderschrift      =
| naam              = Sebastian Brendel
| bijnaam           =
| geboortedatum     = [[12 maart]] [[1988]]
| geboorteplaats    = [[Schwedt/Oder]]
| overlijdensdatum  =
| overlijdensplaats =
| nationaliteit     = {{DE}}
| lengte            = 1,92 m
| gewicht           = 92
| discipline        = kanovaren
| onderdeel         = C-1, C-2
| trainer           = [[Ralph Welke]] en [[Reiner Kiessler]]<ref>[https://www.canoeicf.com/athlete/sebastian-brendel Profiel Brendel op internationale kano-bond ICF]</ref>
| club              =
| 1etitel           = Europees kampioenschap sprint 2010
| OS                = 2012, 2016
| PS                =
| extra             =
| debuut            =
| carrière-einde    =
| prestaties        = Olympische Zomerspelen [[Bestand:Gold medal.svg|16px|Gouden medaille]] (2016)
Olympische Zomerspelen [[Bestand:Gold medal.svg|16px|Gouden medaille]] (2016)
Olympische Zomerspelen [[Bestand:Gold medal.svg|16px|Gouden medaille]] (2012)
Olympische Zomerspelen [[Bestand:Bronze medal.svg|16px|Bronzen medaille]] (2020)
}}
'''Sebastian Brendel''' ([[Schwedt/Oder]], [[12 maart]] [[1988]]) is een [[Duitsland|Duits]] [[Kanovaren|kanovaarder]].

Brendel behaalde tijdens de [[Kanovaren op de Olympische Zomerspelen 2012|Olympische Zomerspelen 2012]] de gouden medaille bij de C-1 op de 1000 meter sprint. [[Kanovaren op de Olympische Zomerspelen 2016|Vier jaar later]] prolongeerde hij deze medaille en won daarnaast met [[Jan Vandrey]] de C-2 over 1000 meter.

== Belangrijkste resultaten ==
=== [[Kanovaren op de Olympische Zomerspelen|Olympische Zomerspelen]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Editie !! Plaats !! Resultaten
|-
| [[Kanovaren op de Olympische Zomerspelen 2012|2012]] ||align=left| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Londen]]||align=left|[[Bestand:Gold medal.svg|16px|Gouden medaille]] C-1 1000m
|-
| [[Kanovaren op de Olympische Zomerspelen 2016|2016]] ||align=left| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Rio de Janeiro (stad)|Rio de Janeiro]]||align=left|[[Bestand:Gold medal.svg|16px|Gouden medaille]] C-1 1000m
[[Bestand:Gold medal.svg|16px|Gouden medaille]] C-2 1000m
|-
| [[Kanovaren op de Olympische Zomerspelen 2020|2020]] ||align=left| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Tokio (stad)|Tokio]]||align=left|10e C-1 1000m
[[Bestand:Bronze medal.svg|16px|Bronzen medaille]] C-2 1000m

|}

===[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint|Wereldkampioenschappen sprint]]===
In onderstaande tabel is een selectie van de beste resultaten van Brendel op de Wereldkampioenschappen sprint weergegeven.
{| class="wikitable"
! Jaar
! Plaats
! Resultaten
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2007|2007]]||{{DE-VLAG}} [[Duisburg]]||{{zilver}} C-4 500m
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2009|2009]]||{{CA-VLAG}} [[Dartmouth (Nova Scotia)|Dartmouth]]||4e C-1 500m
{{brons}} C-1 1000m
4e C-1 4x200m Relay
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2010|2010]]||{{PL-VLAG}} [[Poznań (stad)|Poznań]]||{{brons}} C-1 1000m
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2011|2011]]||{{HU-VLAG}} [[Szeged]]||{{brons}} C-1 4x200m Relay
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2013|2013]]||{{DE-VLAG}} [[Duisburg]]||{{zilver}} C-1 1000m
{{goud}} C-1 5000m
{{zilver}} C-1 4x200m Relay
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2014|2014]]||{{RU-VLAG}} [[Moskou]]||{{zilver}} C-1 500m
{{goud}} C-1 1000m
{{goud}} C-1 5000m
4e C-1 4x200m Relay
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2015|2015]]||{{IT-VLAG}} [[Milaan (stad)|Milaan]]||{{goud}} C-1 1000m
{{goud}} C-1 5000m
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2017|2017]]||{{CZ-VLAG}} [[Račice (okres Litoměřice)|Račice]]||{{goud}} C-1 1000m
{{goud}} C-1 5000m
{{goud}} C-4 1000m
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2018|2018]]||{{FR-VLAG}} [[Montemor-o-Velho]]||{{zilver}} C-1 500m
{{goud}} C-1 1000m
{{goud}} C-1 5000m
|-
|[[Wereldkampioenschappen kanosprint 2019|2019]]||{{HU-VLAG}} [[Szeged]]||{{goud}} C-1 500 m
{{goud}}	C-1 5000 m
|}

{{Appendix|2=
'''Bronnen'''
* {{Link SRO-profiel|id=he/sebastian-brendel-1}}
* {{en}} [https://www.canoeicf.com/athlete/sebastian-brendel Profiel op www.canoeicf.com]
'''Referenties'''
{{references}}
}}

{{Navigatie olympisch kampioen|inhoud=
{{Navigatie olympisch kampioen/kanovaren C1 1000m mannen}}
{{Navigatie olympisch kampioen/kanovaren C2 1000m mannen}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brendel, Sebastian}}

[[Categorie:Duits olympisch kampioen]]
[[Categorie:Duits kanovaarder]]

title: Persoonlijke informatie

Naam: Sebastian Brendel

Geboorteplaats: Schwedt/Oder

Nationaliteit: Duitsland

title: Sportieve informatie

Discipline: kanovaren

Trainer/coach: Ralph Welke en Reiner Kiessler

Eerste titel: Europees kampioenschap sprint 2010

title: Belangrijkste prestaties

Belangrijkste prestaties: Olympische Zomerspelen (2016) · Olympische Zomerspelen (2016) · Olympische Zomerspelen (2012) · Olympische Zomerspelen (2020)

Portaal: Sport


text:
# Vi subversa
Frances Sokolov (20 de junho de 1935 - 19 de fevereiro de 2016), mais conhecida por seu nome artístico Vi Subversa, foi a vocalista, letrista e guitarrista base da banda anarco-punk britânica Poison Girls.
Subversa nasceu de pais judeus Ashkenazi. Ela passou dois anos em Israel no final dos anos 1950 trabalhando em uma olaria em Beersheba sob Nehemia Azaz, antes de retornar ao Reino Unido. Ela teve dois filhos, Pete Fender (nascido Daniel Sansom, 1964) e Gem Stone (nascido Gemma Sansom, 1967), que se tornaram membros das bandas punk Fatal Microbes e Rubella Ballet.
A primeira apresentação pública de Subversa foi no The Body Show na Sussex University em 1975. Em 1979, aos 44 anos e mãe de dois filhos, ela lançou seu primeiro single com as Poison Girls. Suas letras foram escritas de uma perspectiva punk feminista radical.
A última aventura musical de Subversa foi com o trio de cabaré Vi Subversa's Naughty Thoughts, que ela formou com Michael Coates e Judy Bayley. Ela fez sua última apresentação ao vivo com Naughty Thoughts na Green Door Store de Brighton em 5 de dezembro de 2015, com The Cravats.

O filho de Subversa, Pete Fender, anunciou no Facebook em 19 de fevereiro de 2016 que ela havia morrido após uma curta doença.

wikiname: ptwiki

title: Vi subversa

in_language: pt

wikitext:
{{Info/Biografia/Lua}}

'''Frances Sokolov''' (20 de junho de 1935 - 19 de fevereiro de 2016),<ref name="death">{{Citar web|ultimo=Ged Babey|url=http://louderthanwar.com/vi-subversa-20th-june-1935-19th-february-2016-flesh-and-blood-is-what-we-are|titulo=Vi Subversa: 20th June 1935 – 19th February 2016: Flesh and blood is what we are|data=20 de fevereiro de 2016|acessodata=20 de fevereiro de 2016|publicado=LouderThanWar}}</ref> mais conhecida por seu nome artístico '''Vi Subversa''', foi a vocalista, letrista e guitarrista base da banda [[Anarcopunk|anarco-punk]] britânica Poison Girls.<ref>Raha, Maria. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8-NGokpBxFcC&dq=nancy+spungen&pg=PA67 ''Cinderella's big score: women of the punk and indie underground'']. Seal Press, 2005.</ref>

Subversa nasceu de pais [[Asquenazes|judeus Ashkenazi]]. Ela passou dois anos em [[Israel]] no final dos anos 1950 trabalhando em uma olaria em [[Bersebá|Beersheba]] sob Nehemia Azaz,<ref>{{Citar jornal|ultimo=Grant|primeiro=Brigit|url=http://archive.thejc.com/search/pages.jsp?issue=JULY%2025%201986|titulo=Subversive? On the contrary|data=25 de julho de 1986|publicado=Jewish Chronicle|pagina=15|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112043835/http://archive.thejc.com/search/pages.jsp?issue=JULY%2025%201986|arquivodata=12 de janeiro de 2016|urlmorta=sim}}</ref> antes de retornar ao Reino Unido. Ela teve dois filhos, Pete Fender (nascido Daniel Sansom, 1964) e Gem Stone (nascido Gemma Sansom, 1967), que se tornaram membros das bandas punk Fatal Microbes e Rubella Ballet.<ref name="Glasper">Glasper, Ian (2006) ''The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 - 1984'', Cherry Red Books, {{ISBN|978-1-901447-70-5}}</ref>

A primeira apresentação pública de Subversa foi no The Body Show na [[Universidade de Sussex|Sussex University]] em 1975. Em 1979, aos 44 anos e mãe de dois filhos, ela lançou seu primeiro single com as Poison Girls.<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://www.headheritage.co.uk/unsung/albumofthemonth/nathaniel-mayer-why-dont-you-give-it-to-me|titulo=Julian Cope presents Head Heritage {{!}} Unsung {{!}} Album of the Month {{!}} Nathaniel Mayer - Why Don't You Give It To Me?|acessodata=2023-07-14|website=Julian Cope presents Head Heritage}}</ref> Suas letras foram escritas de uma perspectiva punk feminista radical.

A última aventura musical de Subversa foi com o trio de cabaré Vi Subversa's Naughty Thoughts, que ela formou com Michael Coates e Judy Bayley. Ela fez sua última apresentação ao vivo com Naughty Thoughts na Green Door Store de Brighton em 5 de dezembro de 2015, com The Cravats.<ref>{{Citar web|ultimo=Salewicz|primeiro=Chris|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/vi-subversa-inspirational-elder-stateswoman-of-punk-who-co-founded-poison-girls-denizens-of-its-a6889691.html|titulo=Vi Subversa: Inspirational elder stateswoman of punk who co-founded Poison Girls, denizens of its anarchist fringe|data=23 de fevereiro de 2016|acessodata=23 de fevereiro de 2016|website=[[The Independent]]|arquivourl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220817/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/vi-subversa-inspirational-elder-stateswoman-of-punk-who-co-founded-poison-girls-denizens-of-its-a6889691.html|arquivodata=17 de agosto de 2022|urlmorta=não|registo=sim}}</ref>

O filho de Subversa, Pete Fender, anunciou no Facebook em 19 de fevereiro de 2016 que ela havia morrido após uma curta doença.<ref name="death">{{Citar web|ultimo=Ged Babey|url=http://louderthanwar.com/vi-subversa-20th-june-1935-19th-february-2016-flesh-and-blood-is-what-we-are|titulo=Vi Subversa: 20th June 1935 – 19th February 2016: Flesh and blood is what we are|data=20 de fevereiro de 2016|acessodata=20 de fevereiro de 2016|publicado=LouderThanWar}}</ref>{{Referências}}

== Ligações externas ==

* [http://www.poisongirls.co.uk/vi-subversa-what-a-life.html vi subversa - que vida] Site Oficial Poison Girls
{{Controle de autoridade}}
[[Categoria:Feministas da Inglaterra]]
[[Categoria:Anarcofeministas]]
[[Categoria:Anarquistas da Inglaterra]]
[[Categoria:Judeus da Inglaterra]]
[[Categoria:Mortos em 2016]]
[[Categoria:Nascidos em 1935]]
[[Categoria:Judias]]

title: Biografia

Nascimento: 20 de junho de 1935 · Londres

Morte: 19 de fevereiro de 2016

Nome no idioma nativo: Vi Subversa

Cidadania: Reino Unido

Atividades: cantora · guitarrista · música

title: Outras informações

Instrumentos: guitarra · voz (d)

Editoras discográficas: Crass Records (en) · Cooking Vinyl (en)

Género artístico: anarcopunk


text:
# میدان محله پایین
میدان محله پایین مربوط به دوره قاجار است و در اسکو، محله میدان اسکو، محله پایین سر واقع شده و این اثر در تاریخ ۱۸ اسفند ۱۳۸۷ با شمارهٔ ثبت ۲۵۳۹۲ به‌عنوان یکی از آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است.

wikiname: fawiki

title: میدان محله پایین

in_language: fa

wikitext:
{{جعبه اطلاعات جای‌های تاریخی ایران
| نام              = میدان محله پایین
| روی‌نقشه          = آری
| عرض‌جغرافیایی     =
| طول‌جغرافیایی     =
| تصویر            =
| اندازه تصویر     = 250
| عنوان تصویر      =
| استان            =[[استان آذربایجان شرقی]]
| شهرستان          =[[اسکو]]
| بخش              =
| نام محلی         =
| نام‌های دیگر      =
| نام‌های قدیمی     =
| نوع بنا          =
| سال‌های مرمت      =
| کاربری           = [[میدان]]
| کاربری کنونی     =
| دیرینگی          = [[دوره قاجار]]
| شماره ثبت        = ۲۵۳۹۲
| تاریخ ثبت ملی    = {{جلالی حروف|۱۸|۱۲|۱۳۸۷|پیوند=نه}}
| دوره ساخت اثر    = [[دوره قاجار]]
| بانی اثر         =
| مالک اثر         =
| مالک فعلی اثر    =
| شماره ثبت یونسکو =
| تاریخ ثبت یونسکو =
| امکان بازدید     =
| شماره تلفن       =
| وبگاه            =
| پانویس           =
}}'''میدان محله پایین''' مربوط به [[دوره قاجار]] است و در [[اسکو]]، محله میدان اسکو، محله پایین سر واقع شده و این اثر در تاریخ {{جلالی حروف|۱۸|۱۲|۱۳۸۷|پیوند=نه}} با شمارهٔ ثبت ۲۵۳۹۲ به‌عنوان یکی از [[فهرست آثار ملی ایران|آثار ملی ایران]] به ثبت رسیده است.<ref>{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://iranshahrpedia.com/static/view/page/cultural-heritage-reports |عنوان=دانشنامهٔ تاریخ معماری و شهرسازی ایران‌شهر |نشانی بایگانی=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006234339/http://iranshahrpedia.com/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |تاریخ بایگانی=۶ اکتبر ۲۰۱۹|ناشر=وزارت راه و شهرسازی |تاریخ بازدید=۱۰ اکتبر ۲۰۱۹ |پیوند مرده=خیر}}</ref>

== جستارهای وابسته ==
* [[فهرست آثار ملی ایران]]
* [[سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری]]

== منابع ==
{{پانویس}}
{{آثار باستانی ایران-خرد}}

[[رده:آثار دوره قاجاریان در شهرستان اسکو]]
[[رده:میدان‌های تاریخی شهرستان اسکو]]

title: میدان محله پایین

نام: میدان محله پایین

کشور: ایران

استان: استان آذربایجان شرقی

شهرستان: اسکو

title: اطلاعات اثر

کاربری: میدان

دیرینگی: دوره قاجار

دورهٔ ساخت اثر: دوره قاجار

title: اطلاعات ثبتی

شمارهٔ ثبت: ۲۵۳۹۲

تاریخ ثبت ملی: ۱۸ اسفند ۱۳۸۷


text:
# Periferie (aardrijkskunde)
De periferie is een aardrijkskundig begrip dat "randgebied" of "achterland" betekent.
Het kan betrekking hebben op verschillende schaalniveaus; op lokaal niveau worden er vaak de buitenwijken en voorsteden van een stad mee aangeduid, op regionaal of nationaal niveau het (vaak rurale en in het binnenland gelegen) achterland, en op mondiaal niveau de minder ontwikkelde landen (ook wel de Derde Wereld).
Het staat vaak in contrast met het begrip centrum. Het centrum van een stad is het hart van de stad, waar de voorzieningen zijn. Het centrum van een land is het (vaak industriële, beter ontwikkelde en aan de kust gelegen) voornaamste gebied, en het centrum van de wereld zijn de rijke, meestal kapitalistische landen (ook wel de Eerste Wereld).

title: Periferie (aardrijkskunde)

wikitext:
De '''periferie''' is een [[aardrijkskunde|aardrijkskundig]] begrip dat "randgebied" of "achterland" betekent.

Het kan betrekking hebben op verschillende [[schaalniveau]]s; op lokaal niveau worden er vaak de [[buitenwijk]]en en [[voorstad|voorsteden]] van een [[stad]] mee aangeduid, op [[regionaal]] of [[nationaal]] niveau het (vaak [[platteland|rurale]] en in het binnenland gelegen) achterland, en op [[mondiaal]] niveau de [[ontwikkelingsland|minder ontwikkelde landen]] (ook wel de [[Derde Wereld]]).

Het staat vaak in contrast met het begrip ''[[centrum (aardrijkskunde)|centrum]]''. Het centrum van een stad is het hart van de stad, waar de voorzieningen zijn. Het centrum van een land is het (vaak [[industrie|industriële]], beter ontwikkelde en aan de kust gelegen) voornaamste gebied, en het centrum van de wereld zijn de rijke, meestal [[kapitalisme|kapitalistische]] landen (ook wel de [[Eerste Wereld]]).

[[Categorie:Sociaalgeografisch begrip]]