text:
# Jeff Kuhner
Jeffrey Thomas Kuhner (born 1 September 1969) is an American talk radio host and political commentator, heard on weekdays from 6 am to 10 am on WRKO AM 680 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the editor of Insight on the News and a regular contributor to the commentary pages of The Washington Times, and his articles have appeared in Human Events, National Review Online, and Investor's Business Daily.

## Early life and education
Kuhner was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to Croatian immigrant parents and graduated from Laval Catholic High School.
He received his undergraduate degree from Concordia University in Montreal and his master's degree from Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Kuhner did PhD coursework at Ohio University in the United States but did not complete a dissertation.

## Career
Kuhner taught Modern US History at McGill University in Montreal from 1998 to 2000. In 2000, citing "the political correctness ... prevalent in academia" on his website, he became an assistant national editor at The Washington Times. He left in 2003 and worked for the Republican policy group the Ripon Society as communications director of the Ripon Forum. He was the editor of the US news magazine website Insight on the News from October 2005 until its closing in May 2008. Simultaneously, Kuhner worked at the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, an education-policy organization, as its communications director. He was president of the Edmund Burke Institute for American Renewal, a now-dormant Washington D.C. think tank devoted to integrating minorities into the conservative movement. Until January 2012, the Burke Institute produced an online monthly magazine, Reflections, to which he regularly contributed.
In 2007, Insight on the News claimed that the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton planned to accuse rival Barack Obama of attending a madrasa. Insight's story praised Obama's character in contrast to Hillary Clinton. Kuhner described Obama as "genteel, articulate, poised and charming. He is a Harvard-educated lawyer, yet he remains accessible to the common man." Five years later, however, Kuhner wrote in the Washington Times: "President Obama's re-election was more than a victory for liberalism. It represented America's collective suicide—a national push into a fiscal, cultural and moral abyss. We are sliding toward Greece."
In October 2008, Kuhner wrote: "Moscow's main aim is to wrest the Crimean Peninsula from Kiev's control. A majority of the Crimea’s inhabitants are ethnic Russians. ... But Ukraine is not Georgia; it is a large, militarily powerful country with long memories of Russian domination. Any attempt at partition by Moscow would be met by fierce resistance. It would spark a bloody Russo-Ukrainian war. This would inevitably drag in Poland and the Baltic States – all of which are members of NATO. Mr. Putin’s bellicose nationalism threatens to ignite a European conflagration."
In May 2012, Kuhner wrote: "The center of world fascism is no longer Berlin, but Tehran. Iran's theocratic regime not only denies the Holocaust, it seeks to complete Hitler's Final Solution: the annihilation of the Jewish people and the Jewish state, Israel. This is why it is desperate to attain the bomb."
Kuhner began his weekly column at The Washington Times in June 2008. In 2010, a Kuhner op-ed described Julian Assange as a terrorist threat and called for his assassination. In September 2013, Kuhner criticized Barack Obama's support for Syrian rebels fighting government troops: "Mr. Obama’s decision ... to arm the rebels has created a dangerous security threat to America — and the Middle East. The reason is simple: U.S. weapons will inevitably fall into the hands of jihadist groups."

## Radio career
In November 2009, Kuhner became the host of The Kuhner Show, on 570 WTNT in Washington, D.C. The show was canceled after WTNT became a sports station in September 2010. Kuhner began a regular feature on WRKO in Boston, called The Kuhner Report, in which he called into the WRKO Morning Show with reports on national politics. In 2012, he began hosting his own show on WRKO, still called The Kuhner Report. Initially, he had two disconnected morning hours; in October 2012, the show moved to the 6 to 10 am time slot, in July 2015, the show moved to the midday slot (noon to 3 pm) as WRKO stopped carrying Rush Limbaugh, and on 26 November 2018, the show moved back to morning drive time.
In September 2017, Kuhner confronted Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren in the hallway of WRKO and said it was hypocritical to criticize the wealthiest "One Percent" of Americans in view of her own net worth. Sen. Warren rebutted the charge.
Kuhner writes an occasional column on partisan politics called "Kuhner's Corner", carried on the WRKO website and on local niche media such as the Boston Broadside.
In addition to his own shows, Kuhner has guest-hosted The Howie Carr Show on WRKO, and syndicated programs The Mark Levin Show and The Savage Nation.

## Personal life
Kuhner is married to Dr. Grazia ("Grace") Vuoto, a former editorial writer for The Washington Times. and a former assistant professor of Modern British and European History at Howard University in Washington D.C. (2002-2006), Virginia Commonwealth University (2001-2002), and McGill University in Montreal, Canada (1996-2000). She has hosted conservative talk shows on WBIX and WMEX, and has also been a content producer. She completed her Ph.D. thesis in 1999 under the supervision of Elizabeth Elbourne  at McGill University on the topic of Lord Salisbury, "revising the existing historiography by demonstrating that Salisbury's Christian faith was a central feature of his approach to diplomatic and imperial affairs".
Grace often calls into The Kuhner Report radio show, identified as "Doctor Grace / Putting Liberals in their place" though Kuhner typically drops hints after the call that the caller is his wife and that he "definitely married up".
The couple have two children, Ashton and Eva, who figure as examples in many of Kuhner's presentations.
Kuhner was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in the summer of 2016.

wikiname: enwiki

title: Jeff Kuhner

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{Short description|Canadian-American political pundit (1969-)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jeff Kuhner
| image = Jeffrey Kuhner.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Kuhner speaking in 2010
| birth_name = Jeffrey Thomas Kuhner
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1969|9|1}}
| birth_place = [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| height = 6 ft. 3 in.
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality = U.S. (naturalized)
| employer = [[WRKO]]
| occupation = [[Talk radio|Radio talk show host]]
[[Pundit (expert)|Commentator]]
Journalist
Professor and educator
| spouse = Grazia ("Grace") Vuoto
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Concordia University]] (B.A)
[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queens University]] (M.A.)
[[Ohio University]] (doctoral studies)
| citizenship = Canada
USA (2016)
| known_for = radio personality and commentator
}}

'''Jeffrey Thomas Kuhner''' (born 1 September 1969) is an [[Americans|American]] [[talk radio]] host and political commentator, heard on weekdays from 6 am to 10 am on [[WRKO|WRKO AM 680]] in [[Boston]], Massachusetts.<ref>[http://www.wrko.com/kuhner-report Kuhner Report] Retrieved 11 July 2015</ref> He was the editor of ''[[Insight on the News]]'' and a regular contributor to the commentary pages of ''[[The Washington Times]]'', and his articles have appeared in ''[[Human Events]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.humanevents.com/search.php?author_name=Jeffrey+T.+Kuhner |title=Jeffrey T. Kuhner: Conservative Articles – HUMAN EVENTS |access-date=1 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190206/http://www.humanevents.com/search.php?author_name=Jeffrey%20T.%20Kuhner |archive-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[National Review Online]]'', and ''[[Investor's Business Daily]]''.

== Early life and education ==
Kuhner was born in [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada, to [[Croatian Canadian|Croatian immigrant]] parents and graduated from [[Laurier Senior High School|Laval Catholic High School]].

He received his undergraduate degree from [[Concordia University]] in Montreal and his master's degree from [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queens University]] in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Kuhner did PhD coursework at [[Ohio University]] in the United States but did not complete a dissertation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeffrey Kuhner|url=http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/programs/history/faculty/kuhner_j.html|publisher=McGill University|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000416172836/http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/programs/history/faculty/kuhner_j.html|archivedate=16 April 2000 }}</ref>

== Career ==
Kuhner taught Modern US History at [[McGill University]] in Montreal from 1998 to 2000. In 2000, citing "the [[political correctness]] ... prevalent in academia" on his website, he became an assistant national editor at ''[[The Washington Times]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chester|first=Bronwyn|title=Fruitful exchange on teaching|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/reporter/32/14/teaching/|website=McGill Reporter|accessdate=29 November 2012|date=6 April 2000}}</ref> He left in 2003 and worked for the [[US Republican Party|Republican]] policy group the [[Ripon Society]] as communications director of the ''Ripon Forum''. He was the editor of the US [[news magazine]] website ''[[Insight on the News]]'' from October 2005 until its closing in May 2008. Simultaneously, Kuhner worked at the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, an education-policy organization, as its communications director. He was president of the Edmund Burke Institute for American Renewal, a now-dormant Washington D.C. [[think tank]] devoted to integrating minorities into the [[Conservatism|conservative]] movement. Until January 2012, the Burke Institute produced an online monthly magazine, ''Reflections'', to which he regularly contributed.

In 2007, ''Insight on the News'' claimed that the [[Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008|presidential campaign]] of [[Hillary Clinton]] planned to accuse rival [[Barack Obama]] of attending a [[madrasa]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kirkpatrick|first=David D.|title=Feeding Frenzy for a Big Story, Even if It's False|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/us/politics/29media.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=30 November 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=29 January 2007}}</ref> ''Insight's'' story praised Obama's character in contrast to Hillary Clinton. Kuhner described Obama as "genteel, articulate, poised and charming. He is a Harvard-educated lawyer, yet he remains accessible to the common man."<ref>''Insight on the News'', editorial: "Washington Watch: Obama's fund-raising record reveals weakness of Hillary's campaign", 2007-7-1</ref> Five years later, however, Kuhner wrote in the ''Washington Times'': "President Obama's re-election was more than a victory for [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberalism]]. It represented America's collective suicide—a national push into a fiscal, cultural and moral abyss. We are sliding toward [[Greek government-debt crisis|Greece]]."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuhner |first=By Jeffrey T. |title=America's pathway to decline |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/27/americas-pathway-to-decline/|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=27 December 2012}}</ref>

In October 2008, Kuhner wrote: "Moscow's main aim is to wrest the [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]] from [[Kiev]]'s control. A majority of the Crimea’s inhabitants are ethnic Russians. ... But [[Ukraine]] is not [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]; it is a large, militarily powerful country with long memories of Russian domination. Any attempt at partition by Moscow would be met by fierce resistance. It would spark a bloody Russo-Ukrainian war. This would inevitably drag in Poland and the Baltic States – all of which are members of NATO. Mr. Putin’s bellicose nationalism threatens to ignite a European conflagration."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuhner |first=Jeffrey T. |title=Will Russia-Ukraine be Europe's next war? |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/12/europes-next-war/ |newspaper=The Washington Times|date=12 October 2008}}</ref>

In May 2012, Kuhner wrote: "The center of world [[fascism]] is no longer [[Berlin]], but [[Tehran]]. [[Iran]]'s theocratic regime not only denies the [[Holocaust]], it seeks to complete Hitler's Final Solution: the annihilation of the Jewish people and the Jewish state, [[Israel]]. This is why it is desperate to attain the bomb."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuhner|first=Jeffrey T.|title=Obama's Holocaust revisionism|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/may/31/obamas-holocaust-revisionism|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=31 May 2012}}</ref>

Kuhner began his weekly column at ''[[The Washington Times]]'' in June 2008.<ref>His first column, "[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jun/08/commentary-at-cross-purposes/ At cross-purposes?]", appeared in the 8 June 2008 edition of ''The Washington Times''.</ref> In 2010, a Kuhner op-ed described [[Julian Assange]] as a terrorist threat and called for his assassination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/2/assassinate-assange/|title=Assassinate Assange?|last=Kuhner|first=Jeffrey T.|date=2 Dec 2010|website=Washington Times|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2010/12/07/wash-times-no-longer-sure-assange-should-be-ass/174112|title=Wash. Times no longer sure Assange should be assassinated|website=[[Media Matters for America]] |date=2010-12-07|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ethics.journalism.wisc.edu/2010/12/07/lets-kill-julian-assange-wikileaks-and-the-power-of-patriotism/|title="Let's kill Julian Assange!" WikiLeaks and the power of patriotism|last=Ward|first=Stephen J. A.|date=2010-12-07|website=Center for Journalism Ethics|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref> In September 2013, Kuhner criticized Barack Obama's support for [[Syrian Civil War|Syrian rebels]] fighting government troops: "Mr. Obama’s decision ... to arm the rebels has created a dangerous security threat to America — and the Middle East. The reason is simple: U.S. weapons will inevitably fall into the hands of jihadist groups."<ref>{{cite news|last=Kuhner|first=Jeffrey T.|title=How Obama arms al Qaeda|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/sep/20/kuhner-how-obama-arms-al-qaeda|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=20 September 2013}}</ref>

==Radio career==
In November 2009, Kuhner became the host of ''The Kuhner Show'', on [[WWRC#History|570 WTNT]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] The show was canceled after WTNT became a sports station in September 2010. Kuhner began a regular feature on WRKO in [[Boston]], called ''The Kuhner Report,'' in which he called into the WRKO Morning Show with reports on national politics. In 2012, he began hosting his own show on WRKO, still called ''The Kuhner Report.'' Initially, he had two disconnected morning hours;<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeff Kuhner takes over WRKO-AM 680 morning drive|url=http://www.wrko.com/jeff-kuhner-takes-over-wrko-am-680-morning-drive|publisher=WRKO|accessdate=11 January 2013|date=31 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121192824/http://www.wrko.com/jeff-kuhner-takes-over-wrko-am-680-morning-drive|archive-date=21 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> in October 2012, the show moved to the 6 to 10 am time slot,<ref>{{cite web|last=Kantor|first=Ira|title=WRKO taps Kuhner for morning drive, nixes Feinburg & McPhee|url=http://bostonherald.com/business/media_marketing/2012/10/wrko_taps_kuhner_morning_drive_nixes_feinburg_mcphee|website=Boston Herald|accessdate=11 January 2013|date=31 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102083741/http://bostonherald.com/business/media_marketing/2012/10/wrko_taps_kuhner_morning_drive_nixes_feinburg_mcphee|archive-date=January 2, 2013}}</ref> in July 2015, the show moved to the midday slot (noon to 3 pm) as WRKO stopped carrying [[Rush Limbaugh]],<ref>[https://radioinsight.com/blog/headlines/93455/wrko-sets-new-lineup-following-rush-departure/ Lance Venta: WRKO Sets New Lineup Following Rush Departure] Retrieved 11 July 2015</ref> and on 26 November 2018, the show moved back to morning drive time.

In September 2017, Kuhner confronted Massachusetts Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]] in the hallway of WRKO and said it was hypocritical to criticize the wealthiest "[[We are the 99%|One Percent]]" of Americans in view of her own net worth.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/democrat-warren-confronted-over-her-one-percent-status Fox News: Democrat Warren confronted over her 'One Percent' status] Retrieved 22 September 2017</ref> Sen. Warren rebutted the charge.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2017/10/01/here-again-dark-money-pours-against-elizabeth-warren/TMx7wHpDLNUXsu18LWRgVJ/story.html Here we go again: Dark money pours in against Elizabeth Warren]; ''[[The Boston Globe]]''; Editorial Staff; 2 October 2017</ref>

Kuhner writes an occasional column on partisan politics called "Kuhner's Corner", carried on the WRKO website<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wrko.iheart.com/featured/kuhners-corner/|title=Kuhner's Columns - WRKO-AM 680}}</ref> and on local niche media such as the ''Boston Broadside.''

In addition to his own shows, Kuhner has guest-hosted ''[[The Howie Carr Show]]'' on WRKO, and syndicated programs ''[[The Mark Levin Show]]'' and ''[[The Savage Nation]]''.

==Personal life==
Kuhner is married to Dr. Grazia ("Grace") Vuoto, a former editorial writer for ''[[The Washington Times]]''.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/staff/grace-vuoto/
|title=Staff - Grace Vuoto
|newspaper=Washington Times
|accessdate=1 December 2018}}</ref> and a former assistant professor of Modern British and European History at [[Howard University]] in Washington D.C. (2002-2006), [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] (2001-2002), and [[McGill University]] in Montreal, Canada (1996-2000).<REF NAME="GRAZIADOTTORE">[https://freepressinternational.org/columns/grace-vuoto/ "Profile: Dr. Grace Vuoto"], ''freepressinternational.org'', accessed 5 April 2020.</ref> She has hosted conservative talk shows on [[WBIX]]<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.radiodiscussions.com/showthread.php?693340-Crazy-Kuhner-s-wife-gets-her-own-daily-talk-show
|title=Crazy Kuhner's wife gets her own daily talk show
|publisher=radiodiscussions.com
|accessdate=1 December 2018}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070730/https://radiodiscussions.com/showthread.php?693340-Crazy-Kuhner-s-wife-gets-her-own-daily-talk-show archived version])</ref> and [[WMEX (AM)|WMEX]], and has also been a [[Radio producer|content producer]]. She completed her Ph.D. thesis in 1999 under the supervision of Elizabeth Elbourne <REF NAME="ELBOURNE">[https://www.mcgill.ca/history/elizabeth-elbourne "Profile: Elizabeth Elbourne"], McGill University, Department of History and Classical Studies.</REF> at McGill University on the topic of [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]], "revising the existing historiography by demonstrating that Salisbury's Christian faith was a central feature of his approach to diplomatic and imperial affairs".<REF NAME="GRACEPHD">[https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/fn1070843 Vuoto, Grazia. "The Imperial Ideas of Lord Salisbury, 1851-1902." Thesis (Ph.D.), 1999. McGill University.]</REF>

Grace often calls into ''The Kuhner Report radio show,'' identified as "Doctor Grace / Putting Liberals in their place" though Kuhner typically drops hints after the call that the caller is his wife and that he "definitely married up".

The couple have two children, Ashton and Eva, who figure as examples in many of Kuhner's presentations.

Kuhner was [[Naturalization|naturalized]] as a U.S. citizen in the summer of 2016.

==See also==
*[[WRKO]]
*[[The Washington Times]]
*[[Insight on the News]]

==References==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuhner, Jeffrey T.}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American online publication editors]]
[[Category:American magazine editors]]
[[Category:American newspaper editors]]
[[Category:American people of Croatian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Croatian descent]]
[[Category:Canadian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Academic staff of McGill University]]
[[Category:The Washington Times people]]
[[Category:National Review people]]
[[Category:People from Anne Arundel County, Maryland]]
[[Category:People from Montreal]]
[[Category:Radio personalities from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Queen's University at Kingston alumni]]
[[Category:Ohio University alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Republicans]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]

title: Jeff Kuhner

Born: Jeffrey Thomas Kuhner · 1 September 1969 · Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Nationality: U.S. (naturalized)

Citizenship: Canada · USA (2016)

Alma mater: Concordia University (B.A) · Queens University (M.A.) · Ohio University (doctoral studies)

Occupation(s): Radio talk show host · Commentator · Journalist · Professor and educator

Employer: WRKO

Known for: radio personality and commentator

Spouse: Grazia ("Grace") Vuoto


text:
# トルイ家
トルイ家（トルイけ）は、チンギス・ハーンの四男トルイから始まる家系である。

## 概要
トルイはチンギスとその正妻ボルテの間に生まれた末子だった。モンゴルでは末子相続が慣例となっており、またトルイは常にチンギスに従って軍略・政略を学んだ智勇兼備の名士であり、チンギス没後には慣例に従ってモンゴル本土とその軍団の大半を引き継ぎ、監国として政務を仕切った。しかしトルイは後継者の地位をすぐ上の兄であるオゴデイに譲り、自らは兄の配下となった。
トルイは三峰山の戦いなど対金戦争などで多くの戦功を立て、トルイ家における強固な基盤を築き上げたが、1232年に病を得て急死した。家督は長男のモンケが継いだが若年のため、正妻のソルコクタニ・ベキが家政を行ない、トルイ家は一時雌伏する。
オゴデイによる西征が開始されると、モンケは従軍し、ジョチ家のバトゥと親密になる一方でオゴデイ家のグユクやチャガタイ家のブリらと深刻な溝を築いてしまう。1241年にオゴデイが死去すると、モンケはバトゥと共に次の皇位の座を狙ったが、グユクらオゴデイ派の介入により頓挫してグユクが第3代皇帝となり、ジョチ家と共にまたも不遇な立場に置かれた。
しかし1248年にグユクが死去すると、モンケはバトゥと共に再び蠢動し、オゴデイ家やチャガタイ家を抑えて1251年に第4代皇帝となる。そしてオゴデイ家など反対派を粛清して強力な独裁権を手中にし、トルイ家の全盛期を創出した。
モンケは1259年、南宋攻略の最中に陣没した。その後、後継者の地位をめぐって共にモンケの弟であるクビライとアリクブケによる内戦を経て、クビライが第5代皇帝となる（モンゴル帝国帝位継承戦争）。クビライは1271年に元朝を創始した。
モンケの系統はモンケ没後は不遇であり、モンケの遺児シリギは1276年に反乱を起こして鎮圧され、モンケ家は没落した。
クビライの系統は元朝が北走して北元になった後、トグス・テムルがアリクブケ家のイェスデルに殺されて消滅した。
モンケ・クビライの同母弟、アリクブケの同母兄であるフレグは、モンケの命令で西アジアやシリア方面に進出し、アッバース朝を滅ぼすなどしてイルハン朝を創始した。フレグ家は1335年に断絶し、イルハン朝も1353年までに消滅した。
アリクブケは継承戦争に敗れて間もなく死去したが、その長男のヨブクルはシリギと協力してクビライに反乱を起こした。その後、1世紀を経てイェスデルがクビライ家に復讐している。また、フレグ家が断絶した後、一族からイルハン朝の君主となっている者も存在する。
このようにトルイ家はトルイの没後、その息子たちによって隆盛が築かれた。トルイは元朝において、皇帝の父として睿宗の廟号を贈られている。

wikiname: jawiki

title: トルイ家

in_language: ja

wikitext:
{{複数の問題|ソートキー=とるいけ__世界史
| 出典の明記 = 2012年3月12日 (月) 12:30 (UTC)
| 独自研究 = 2012年3月12日 (月) 12:30 (UTC)
}}
'''トルイ家'''（トルイけ）は、[[チンギス・ハーン]]の四男[[トルイ]]から始まる家系である。

== 概要 ==
トルイはチンギスとその正妻[[ボルテ]]の間に生まれた末子だった。モンゴルでは[[末子相続]]が慣例となっており、またトルイは常にチンギスに従って軍略・政略を学んだ智勇兼備の名士であり、チンギス没後には慣例に従ってモンゴル本土とその軍団の大半を引き継ぎ、[[監国]]として政務を仕切った。しかしトルイは後継者の地位をすぐ上の兄である[[オゴデイ]]に譲り、自らは兄の配下となった。

トルイは[[三峰山の戦い]]など対[[金 (王朝)|金]]戦争などで多くの戦功を立て、トルイ家における強固な基盤を築き上げたが、[[1232年]]に病を得て急死した。家督は長男の[[モンケ]]が継いだが若年のため、正妻の[[ソルコクタニ・ベキ]]が家政を行ない、トルイ家は一時雌伏する。

オゴデイによる西征が開始されると、モンケは従軍し、[[ジョチ家]]の[[バトゥ]]と親密になる一方で[[オゴデイ家]]の[[グユク]]や[[チャガタイ家]]の[[ブリ (チャガタイ家)|ブリ]]らと深刻な溝を築いてしまう。[[1241年]]にオゴデイが死去すると、モンケはバトゥと共に次の皇位の座を狙ったが、グユクらオゴデイ派の介入により頓挫してグユクが第3代皇帝となり、ジョチ家と共にまたも不遇な立場に置かれた。

しかし[[1248年]]にグユクが死去すると、モンケはバトゥと共に再び蠢動し、オゴデイ家やチャガタイ家を抑えて[[1251年]]に第4代皇帝となる。そしてオゴデイ家など反対派を粛清して強力な独裁権を手中にし、トルイ家の全盛期を創出した。

モンケは[[1259年]]、[[南宋]]攻略の最中に陣没した。その後、後継者の地位をめぐって共にモンケの弟である[[クビライ]]と[[アリクブケ]]による内戦を経て、クビライが第5代皇帝となる（[[モンゴル帝国帝位継承戦争]]）。クビライは[[1271年]]に[[元 (王朝)|元朝]]を創始した。

モンケの系統はモンケ没後は不遇であり、モンケの遺児[[シリギ]]は[[1276年]]に反乱を起こして鎮圧され、[[モンケ家]]は没落した。

クビライの系統は元朝が北走して[[北元]]になった後、[[トグス・テムル]]が[[アリクブケ家]]の[[イェスデル]]に殺されて消滅した。

モンケ・クビライの同母弟、アリクブケの同母兄である[[フレグ]]は、モンケの命令で西アジアや[[歴史的シリア|シリア]]方面に進出し、[[アッバース朝]]を滅ぼすなどして[[イルハン朝]]を創始した。[[フレグ家]]は[[1335年]]に断絶し、イルハン朝も[[1353年]]までに消滅した。

アリクブケは継承戦争に敗れて間もなく死去したが、その長男の[[ヨブクル]]はシリギと協力してクビライに反乱を起こした。その後、1世紀を経て[[イェスデル]]がクビライ家に復讐している。また、フレグ家が断絶した後、一族からイルハン朝の君主となっている者も存在する。

このようにトルイ家はトルイの没後、その息子たちによって隆盛が築かれた。トルイは元朝において、皇帝の父として睿宗の[[廟号]]を贈られている。

<!--
== 参考文献 ==
{{参照方法|date=2012年3月12日 (月) 12:30 (UTC)}}
* 「モンゴル帝国史」（平凡社）
-->

{{DEFAULTSORT:とるいけ}}
[[Category:トルイ家|*]]


text:
# Ormosia paxilla
Ormosia paxilla là một loài ruồi trong họ Limoniidae. Chúng phân bố ở miền Ấn Độ - Mã Lai.

wikiname: viwiki

title: Ormosia paxilla

in_language: vi

wikitext:
{{nhan đề nghiêng}}
{{Bảng phân loại
| name = ''Ormosia paxilla''
| image =
| image caption =
| regnum = [[Động vật|Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Động vật Chân khớp|Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Côn trùng|Insecta]]
| ordo = [[Ruồi|Diptera]]
| familia = [[Limoniidae]]
| genus = ''[[Ormosia]]''
| binomial = ''Ormosia paxilla''
| binomial_authority = [[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1957
}}
'''''Ormosia paxilla''''' là một loài [[ruồi]] trong họ [[Limoniidae]].<ref name = "COL"/> Chúng phân bố ở [[miền Ấn Độ - Mã Lai]].

==Liên kết ngoài==
* {{wikispecies nội dòng}}

==Tham khảo==
<references>
<ref name = "COL">{{chú thích web|url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/Ormosia+paxilla/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|access-date = 5 tháng 6 năm 2012 |author= Bisby |first = F.A. |last2 = Roskov |first2 = Y.R. |last3 = Orrell |first3 = T.M. |last4 = Nicolson |first4 = D. |last5 = Paglinawan |first5 = L.E. |last6 = Bailly |first6 = N. |last7 = Kirk |first7 = P.M. |last8 = Bourgoin |first8 = T. |last9 = Baillargeon |first9= G. |last10 = Ouvrard |first10 = D.|year= 2011|publisher=Species 2000: Reading, UK.}}</ref>
</references>

[[Thể loại:Ormosia (chi ruồi)]]
[[Thể loại:Limoniidae ở vùng Indomalaya]]

{{Chioneinae-stub}}

title: Phân loại khoa học

Giới (regnum): Animalia

Ngành (phylum): Arthropoda

Lớp (class): Insecta

Bộ (ordo): Diptera

Họ (familia): Limoniidae

Chi (genus): Ormosia

title: Danh pháp hai phần

Danh pháp hai phần: Ormosia paxilla · Alexander, 1957


text:
# Rutilia agalmiodes
Rutilia agalmiodes är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Günther Enderlein 1936.  Rutilia agalmiodes ingår i släktet Rutilia och familjen parasitflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

wikiname: svwiki

title: Rutilia agalmiodes

in_language: sv

wikitext:
{{robotskapad|Lsjbot|tvåvinge|datum=2013-07}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Rutilia agalmiodes''
| status =
| image =
| image_caption =
| domain_sv =
| domain =
| regnum_sv = [[Djur]]
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum_sv = [[Leddjur]]
| phylum = Arthropoda
| classis_sv = [[Egentliga insekter]]
| classis = Insecta
| ordo_sv = [[Tvåvingar]]
| ordo = Diptera
| familia_sv = [[Parasitflugor]]
| familia = Tachinidae
| genus_sv =
| genus = [[Rutilia]]
| species_sv =
| species = '''Rutilia agalmiodes'''
| taxon = Rutilia agalmiodes
| taxon_authority = ([[Günther Enderlein|Enderlein]], 1936)
| range_map =
| range_map_caption = Utbredningsområde
| image2 =
| image2_caption =
| subphylum = Hexapoda
| subphylum_sv = [[Sexfotingar]]
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Rutilia agalmiodes'''''<ref name = "COL"/> är en [[tvåvingar|tvåvinge]]art som först beskrevs av [[Günther Enderlein]] 1936.  ''Rutilia agalmiodes'' ingår i [[släkte]]t ''[[Rutilia]]'' och [[familj (biologi)|familjen]] [[parasitflugor]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Inga [[underart]]er finns listade i [[Catalogue of Life]].<ref name = "COL"/>

== Källor ==
<references>
<ref name = "COL">{{webbref |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/rutilia+agalmiodes/match/1|titel= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|hämtdatum= 24 september 2012 |författare= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|datum= 2011|verk= |utgivare=Species 2000: Reading, UK.}}</ref>
<ref name = "source">''Systema Dipterorum''. Pape T. & Thompson F.C. (eds), 2011-01-06</ref>
</references>

[[Kategori:Parasitflugor]]
[[Kategori:Rutilia|agalmiodes]]

title: Systematik

Domän: Eukaryoter · Eukaryota

Rike: Djur · Animalia

Stam: Leddjur · Arthropoda

Understam: Sexfotingar · Hexapoda

Klass: Egentliga insekter · Insecta

Ordning: Tvåvingar · Diptera

Familj: Parasitflugor · Tachinidae

Släkte: Rutilia

Art: Rutilia agalmiodes

title: Vetenskapligt namn

Vetenskapligt namn: Hitta fler artiklar om djur med Djurportalen

Auktor: (Enderlein, 1936)


text:
# ليا هانسن
ليا هانسن (20 أبريل 1999 في الدنمارك - ) (بالدنماركية: Lea Hansen) هي لاعبة كرة يد دانمركية. لعبت مع SønderjyskE Håndbold .

## وصلات خارجية
- ليا هانسن على موقع الاتحاد الأوروبي لكرة اليد (الإنجليزية)

wikiname: arwiki

title: ليا هانسن

in_language: ar

wikitext:
{{يتيمة|تاريخ=فبراير 2019}}
{{معلومات لاعب كرة يد}}
'''ليا هانسن''' ([[20 أبريل]] [[1999]] في [[الدنمارك]] - ) {{لغة-دنماركية|Lea Hansen}} هي [[لاعب كرة يد|لاعبة كرة يد]] [[الدنمارك|دانمركية]].<ref>[https://www.eurohandball.com/en/player/v0Vsm7MQgjqxakt6O17sRw/lea-hansen/ Lea Hansen Profile www.eurohandball.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221230/http://www.eurohandball.com/ec/ehfc/women/2017-18/player/561991/LeaHansen |date=07 سبتمبر 2018}}</ref> لعبت مع {{Ill-WD2|id=Q4994627|en=true}}.

== مراجع ==
{{مراجع}}

== وصلات خارجية ==
* {{روابط رياضية}}
{{شريط بوابات|أعلام|الدنمارك|المرأة|كرة اليد}}
{{بذرة لاعب كرة يد دنماركي}}

[[تصنيف:أشخاص أحياء]]
[[تصنيف:دنماركيات في القرن 21]]
[[تصنيف:لاعبات كرة يد دانمركيات]]
[[تصنيف:لاعبو كرة يد من إقليم سيد دنمارك]]
[[تصنيف:مواليد 1999]]

title: معلومات شخصية

مواطنة: مملكة الدنمارك

title: الحياة العملية

المهنة: لاعبة كرة يد

الرياضة: كرة اليد

الحياة العملية: تعديل مصدري - تعديل


text:
# Acquaviva delle Fonti (stacja kolejowa)
Acquaviva delle Fonti – stacja kolejowa w Acquaviva delle Fonti, w regionie Apulia, we Włoszech. Znajdują się tu 2 perony. Stacja położona jest na linii Bari-Taranto.

## Dane
Stacja składa się z 2 peronów i 4 krawędzi peronowych. Dla pasażerów przeznaczone są 3 krawędzie połączone ze sobą platformą umieszczoną między peronami.

## Ruch kolejowy
Na stacji zatrzymują się wszystkie pociągi sklasyfikowane jako regionalne. W przeszłości była stacją końcową i przystankiem dla niektórych pociągów Intercity.
| Acquaviva delle Fonti               |  |                                  |
| Linia Bari – Taranto (41 km)        |  |                                  |
| Sannicandro di Bariodległość: 10 km |  | Gioia del Colle odległość: 13 km |

wikiname: plwiki

title: Acquaviva delle Fonti (stacja kolejowa)

in_language: pl

wikitext:
{{Stacja kolejowa infobox
 |nazwa                      = Acquaviva delle Fonti
 |nazwa oryginalna           =
 |zdjęcie                    =
 |opis zdjęcia               =
 |państwo                    = ITA
 |miejscowość                = [[Acquaviva delle Fonti]]
 |lokalizacja                =
 |zarządca                   =
 |data otwarcia              =
 |data zamknięcia            =
 |poprzednie nazwy           =
 |rodzaj                     =
 |rok liczby pasażerów       =
 |liczba pasażerów           =
 |liczba peronów             = 2
 |liczba krawędzi peronowych = 4
 |kasy                       = czynne
 |linie kolejowe             =
* Linia [[Bari]] – [[Taranto]]
 |opis schematu              =
 |schemat                    =
 |współrzędne                = 40°53′34.18″N 16°50′23.22″E
 |commons                    =
 |www                        =
}}
'''Acquaviva delle Fonti''' – stacja kolejowa w [[Acquaviva delle Fonti]], w regionie [[Apulia]], we [[Włochy|Włoszech]]. Znajdują się tu 2 perony. Stacja położona jest na linii [[Bari]]-[[Taranto]].

== Dane ==
Stacja składa się z 2 peronów i 4 krawędzi peronowych. Dla pasażerów przeznaczone są 3 krawędzie połączone ze sobą platformą umieszczoną między peronami.

== Ruch kolejowy ==
Na stacji zatrzymują się wszystkie pociągi sklasyfikowane jako regionalne. W przeszłości była stacją końcową i przystankiem dla niektórych pociągów [[Intercity]].

{{stacja kolejowa/sąsiednie
|stacja       = Acquaviva delle Fonti
|linia        = Bari – Taranto
|kilometr     = 41
|poprzedni    = [[Sannicandro di Bari (stacja kolejowa)|Sannicandro di Bari]]
|poprzedni_km = 10
|następny     = [[Gioia del Colle (stacja kolejowa)|Gioia del Colle]]
|następny_km  = 13
}}

[[Kategoria:Stacje i przystanki kolejowe w Apulii]]

title: Acquaviva delle Fonti

Państwo: Włochy

Miejscowość: Acquaviva delle Fonti

Kasy: czynne


text:
# Rogolji
Rogolji är ett samhälle i Bosnien och Hercegovina.   Det ligger i entiteten Republika Srpska, i den norra delen av landet, 160 km nordväst om huvudstaden Sarajevo. Rogolji ligger 97 meter över havet och antalet invånare är 715.
Terrängen runt Rogolji är platt. Närmaste större samhälle är Bosanska Gradiška, 8,7 km norr om Rogolji.
Trakten runt Rogolji består till största delen av jordbruksmark. Runt Rogolji är det ganska tätbefolkat, med 67 invånare per kvadratkilometer.

title: Rogolji

wikitext:
{{robotskapad|Lsjbot|Bosnien och Hercegovina|datum=2015-12}}
{{Geobox
| 1                                 = Settlement

| name                              = Rogolji
| native_name                       =
| other_name                        =
| category                          = Samhälle
| etymology                         =
| official_name                     =
| motto                             =
| nickname                          =

| image                             =
| image_caption                     =

| flag                              =
| symbol                            =
| symbol_type                       =

| country                           = Bosnien och Hercegovina
| country_flag                      = true
| state                             = [[Republika Srpska]]
| state_type                        = Entitet
| region                            =
| region_type                       =
| district                          =
| district_type                     =
| municipality                      =
| municipality_type                 =

| part                              =
| landmark                          =
| river                             =

| location                          =
| elevation                         =
| lat_d                             = 45.06827
| lat_m                             =
| lat_s                             =
| lat_NS                            =
| long_d                            = 17.27756
| long_m                            =
| long_s                            =
| long_EW                           =
| highest                           =
| highest_note                      =
| highest_elevation                 =
| highest_elevation_note            =
| lowest                            =
| lowest_note                       =
| lowest_elevation                  =
| lowest_elevation_note             =

| length                            =
| length_orientation                =
| width                             =
| width_orientation                 =
| area                              =
| area_decimals                     =
| area_land                         =
| area_land_decimals                =
| area_water                        =
| area_water_decimals               =
| area_urban                        =
| area_urban_decimals               =
| area_metro                        =
| area_metro_decimals               =
| area_municipal                    =
| area_municipal_decimals           =

| population                        = 715
| population_date                   =
| population_note                   = från frwiki
| population_urban                  =
| population_urban_date             =
| population_urban_note             =
| population_metro                  =
| population_metro_date             =
| population_metro_note             =
| population_municipal              =
| population_municipal_date         =
| population_municipal_note         =
| population_density                =
| population_density_note           =
| population_urban_density          =
| population_urban_density_note     =
| population_metro_density          =
| population_metro_density_note     =
| population_municipal_density      =
| population_municipal_density_note =

| population1                       =
| population1_type                  =
| population2                       =
| population2_type                  =
| population3                       =
| population3_type                  =

| established                       =
| established_type                  =
| date                              =
| date_type                         =
| government                        =
| government_location               =
| government_region                 =
| government_state                  =
| mayor                             =
| mayor_party                       =
| leader                            =
| leader_type                       =

| timezone                          = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset                        = +1
| timezone_DST                      = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST                    = +2
| postal_code                       =
| postal_code_type                  =
| area_code                         =
| area_code_type                    =
| code                              =
| code_type                         =
| code1                             =
| code1_type                        =

| free                              =
| free_type                         =
| free1                             =
| free1_type                        =

| map                               = {{Kartposition Bosnien och Hercegovina|reliefkarta_om_den_finns}}
| map_caption                       =
| map_locator                       = Bosnien och Hercegovina
| map_locator_x                     =
| map_locator_y                     =

| website                           =

| footnotes                         =
| timezone_label                    = Europe/Sarajevo
}}

'''Rogolji''' är ett [[samhälle (geografi)|samhälle]] i [[Bosnien och Hercegovina]].<ref name = "gn3191569"/>   Det ligger i entiteten [[Republika Srpska]], i den norra delen av landet, {{formatnum:160}} km nordväst om huvudstaden [[Sarajevo]]. Rogolji ligger {{formatnum:97}} meter över havet<ref name = "gn3191569"/> och antalet invånare är {{formatnum:715}}.<ref name = "frwiki"/>

Terrängen runt Rogolji är platt.{{anmärkning|Framräknat ur variansen i alla höjduppgifter (DEM 3") från Viewfinder Panoramas, inom 10 km radie.<ref name = "vp"/> {{Lsjbot-algoritmnot}}}} Närmaste större samhälle är [[Bosanska Gradiška (ort i Bosnien och Hercegovina)|Bosanska Gradiška]], {{formatnum:8.7}} km norr om Rogolji.

Trakten runt Rogolji består till största delen av [[jordbruksmark]].<ref name = "nasalandcover"/> Runt Rogolji är det ganska tätbefolkat, med {{formatnum:67}} invånare per kvadratkilometer.<ref name = "nasapop"/>

== Kommentarer ==

{{anmärkningslista}}

== Källor ==

<references>
<ref name = "gn3191569">[{{Geonameslänk|gnid=3191569|name=rogolji}} Rogolji] hos [{{Geonamesabout}} GeoNames.Org (cc-by)]; post uppdaterad 2012-05-06; databasdump nerladdad 2015-05-11</ref>
<ref name = "frwiki">(uppgift tagen från frwiki 2015-07-14)</ref>
<ref name = "vp">{{Webbref |url= {{Viewfinderlänk}}|titel= Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model|hämtdatum= 2015-06-21|format= |verk= }}</ref>

<ref name = "nasapop">{{webbref|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|titel= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density|hämtdatum= 30 januari 2016|efternamn= |förnamn= |datum= |verk= |utgivare= NASA/SEDAC|arkivurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160209064446/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP|arkivdatum= 9 februari 2016}}</ref>
<ref name = "nasalandcover">{{webbref|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|titel= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification|hämtdatum= 30 januari 2016|efternamn= |förnamn= |datum= |verk= |utgivare= NASA/MODIS|arkivurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160228161657/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1|arkivdatum= 28 februari 2016}}</ref>
</references>
[[Kategori:Orter i Republika Srpska]]

Land: Bosnien och Hercegovina

Entitet: Republika Srpska

Folkmängd: 715från frwiki

Tidszon: CET (UTC+1)

- sommartid: CEST (UTC+2)


text:
# Paweł Skubina
Paweł Skubina (ur. 9 grudnia 1992) – polski lekkoatleta, sprinter.

## Kariera
Medalista mistrzostw Polski juniorów. Biegł w drugim zespole Podlasia Białystok, który zajął trzecie miejsce w mistrzostwach Polski seniorów w sztafecie 4 x 100 metrów (2011), ustanawiając rekord Polski juniorów – 40,85.

title: Paweł Skubina

wikitext:
{{Sportowiec infobox
 |imię i nazwisko           = Paweł Skubina
 |imię i nazwisko org       =
 |dyscyplina                = lekkoatletyka
 |grafika                   =
 |opis grafiki              =
 |pełne imię i nazwisko     =
 |data urodzenia            =
 |miejsce urodzenia         =
 |data śmierci              =
 |miejsce śmierci           =
 |obywatelstwo              =
 |wzrost                    =
 |pozycja                   =
 |klub                      = [[Podlasie Białystok]] (2009–)
 |numer w klubie            =
 |trener                    = [[Wojciech Niedźwiecki]]
 |kariera juniorska         =
 |kariera seniorska         =
 |kariera reprezentacyjna   =
 |kariera trenerska         =
 |medale                    = {{Medalista infobox/nagłówek|[[Mistrzostwa Polski seniorów w lekkoatletyce|Mistrzostwa Polski seniorów]]|L}}
{{Medalista infobox/wiersz|3|[[Mistrzostwa Polski Seniorów w Lekkoatletyce 2011|Bydgoszcz 2011]]|Sztafeta 4 x 100 m}}
 |odznaczenia               =
 |commons                   =
 |wikicytaty                =
 |www                       =
}}
'''Paweł Skubina''' (ur. [[9 grudnia]] [[1992]]) – [[Polska|polski]] [[lekkoatletyka|lekkoatleta]], sprinter.

== Kariera ==
Medalista mistrzostw Polski juniorów. Biegł w drugim zespole Podlasia Białystok, który zajął trzecie miejsce w [[Mistrzostwa Polski Seniorów w Lekkoatletyce 2011|mistrzostwach Polski seniorów]] w [[sztafeta 4 × 100 metrów|sztafecie 4 x 100 metrów]] (2011), ustanawiając rekord Polski juniorów – 40,85<ref>{{Cytuj | url = http://bialystok.wyborcza.pl/bialystok/1,35239,10117955,Rekordowe_mistrzostwa_lekkoatletow_w_Bydgoszczy.html | tytuł = Rekordowe mistrzostwa lekkoatletów w Bydgoszczy | opublikowany = bialystok.gazeta.pl | data dostępu = 2011-09-28 | język = pl}}</ref>.

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy}}

== Bibliografia ==
* {{PZLA|25427}} [dostęp 28 września 2011].
* {{tilastopaja |id=130862 |nazwa=Paweł Skubina |data dostępu=28 września 2011}}

{{Młodzieżowi mistrzowie Polski w sztafecie 4 x 100 metrów}}

{{SORTUJ:Skubina, Paweł}}
[[Kategoria:Lekkoatleci Podlasia Białystok]]
[[Kategoria:Polscy sprinterzy]]
[[Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1992]]

title: · Paweł Skubina

Data urodzenia: 9 grudnia 1992

Klub: Podlasie Białystok (2009–)

Trener: Wojciech Niedźwiecki

title: Dorobek medalowy

brąz: Bydgoszcz 2011 · Sztafeta 4 x 100 m


text:
# Thamnophilus
Thamnophilus là một chi chim trong họ Thamnophilidae.

title: Thamnophilus

wikitext:
{{tiêu đề nghiêng}}
{{Bảng phân loại
| image = Thamnophilus doliatus female.jpg
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Động vật|Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Động vật có dây sống|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Chim|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Bộ Sẻ|Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Thamnophilidae]]
| genus ='''''Thamnophilus'''''
| genus_authority =
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision =
| range_map=
| synonyms=
}}
'''Thamnophilus''' là một [[Chi (sinh học)|chi]] [[chim]] trong họ [[Thamnophilidae]].<ref>{{chú thích web|author=Clements|first= J. F. |first2 =T. S. |last2 = Schulenberg |first3= M. J. |last3 = Iliff |first6 = B.L. |last6 = Sullivan |first4= C. L. |last4 = Wood |first5 = D. |last5 = Roberson|year=2012|url=http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist|title=The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.|accessdate =ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012}}</ref>

==Các loài==

==Chú thích==
{{Tham khảo}}

==Tham khảo==
{{Wikispecies|Thamnophilus|''Thamnophilus''}}
{{Commonscat|Thamnophilus}}

[[Thể loại:Danh sách các chi chim]]
[[Thể loại:Thamnophilidae]]

{{Thamnophilidae-stub}}

title: Phân loại khoa học

Ngành (phylum): Chordata

Lớp (class): Aves

Bộ (ordo): Passeriformes

Họ (familia): Thamnophilidae

Chi (genus): Thamnophilus


text:
# Hemigraphis wetarensis
Hemigraphis wetarensis är en akantusväxtart som beskrevs av Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp. Hemigraphis wetarensis ingår i släktet Hemigraphis och familjen akantusväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

title: Hemigraphis wetarensis

wikitext:
{{robotskapad|Lsjbot|akantusväxt|datum=2014-08}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Hemigraphis wetarensis''
| status =
| image =
| image_caption =
| domain_sv =
| domain =
| regnum_sv = [[Växter]]
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio_sv = [[Kärlväxter]]
| divisio = Tracheophyta
| classis_sv = [[Tvåhjärtbladiga blomväxter]]
| classis = Magnoliopsida
| ordo_sv = [[Plisterordningen]]
| ordo = Lamiales
| familia_sv = [[Akantusväxter]]
| familia = Acanthaceae
| genus_sv =
| genus = [[Hemigraphis]]
| species_sv =
| species = '''Hemigraphis wetarensis'''
| taxon = Hemigraphis wetarensis
| taxon_authority = [[Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp|Bremek.]]
| range_map =
| range_map_caption = Utbredningsområde
| image2 =
| image2_caption =
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Hemigraphis wetarensis'''''<ref name = "C132"/> är en [[akantusväxter|akantusväxt]]art som beskrevs av [[Cornelis Eliza Bertus Bremekamp]]. ''Hemigraphis wetarensis'' ingår i [[släkte]]t ''[[Hemigraphis]]'' och [[familj (biologi)|familjen]] [[akantusväxter]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Inga underarter finns listade i [[Catalogue of Life]].<ref name = "COL"/>

== Källor ==
<references>
<ref name = "COL">{{webbref |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16675838|titel= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|hämtdatum= 26 May 2014 |författare= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)|datum= 2014|verk= |utgivare=Species 2000: Reading, UK.}}</ref>
<ref name = "C132">Bremek., 1944 ''In: Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., Amst., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. II. 41: No. 1, 89''</ref>
<ref name = "source">[http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World]</ref>
</references>

[[Kategori:Akantusväxter]]
[[Kategori:Hemigraphis|wetarensis]]

title: Systematik

Rike: Växter · Plantae

Division: Kärlväxter · Tracheophyta

Klass: Tvåhjärtbladiga blomväxter · Magnoliopsida

Ordning: Plisterordningen · Lamiales

Familj: Akantusväxter · Acanthaceae

Släkte: Hemigraphis

Art: Hemigraphis wetarensis

title: Vetenskapligt namn

Vetenskapligt namn: § Hemigraphis wetarensis

Auktor: Bremek.