text:
# Diactenis
Diactenis es un género de polillas de la familia Tortricidae.

## Especies
- Diactenis barbarae Diakonoff, 1957
- Diactenis bidentifera Meyrick, 1928
- Diactenis deformata Meyrick, 1928
- Diactenis isotima Diakonoff, 1952
- Diactenis orthometalla (Meyrick, 1922)
- Diactenis plumula Diakonoff, 1952
- Diactenis pteroneura Meyrick, 1907
- Diactenis sequax Diakonoff, 1952
- Diactenis thauma Diakonoff, 1952
- Diactenis tryphera Common, 1965
- Diactenis veligera Meyrick, 1928
- Diactenis youngi Razowski, 2000

title: Diactenis

wikitext:
{{Ficha de taxón
| name = '''''Diactenis'''''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| genus = '''''Diactenis'''''
| image_caption =
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| familia = [[Tortricidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Tortricinae]]
| genus_authority = Meyrick, 1907
| subdivision =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
}}
'''''Diactenis''''' es un género de [[Heterocera|polillas]] de la familia [[Tortricinae|Tortricidae]].<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.tortricidae.com/catalogue.asp|título=Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae|fechaacceso=20-01-09|autor=Baixeras, J.|editorial=Tortricidae.com}}</ref>

== Especies ==
*''[[Diactenis barbarae]]'' Diakonoff, 1957
*''[[Diactenis bidentifera]]'' Meyrick, 1928
*''[[Diactenis deformata]]'' Meyrick, 1928
*''[[Diactenis isotima]]'' Diakonoff, 1952
*''[[Diactenis orthometalla]]'' (Meyrick, 1922)
*''[[Diactenis plumula]]'' Diakonoff, 1952
*''[[Diactenis pteroneura]]'' Meyrick, 1907
*''[[Diactenis sequax]]'' Diakonoff, 1952
*''[[Diactenis thauma]]'' Diakonoff, 1952
*''[[Diactenis tryphera]]'' Common, 1965
*''[[Diactenis veligera]]'' Meyrick, 1928
*''[[Diactenis youngi]]'' Razowski, 2000

== Referencias ==
{{Listaref}}

== Enlaces externos ==
{{Traducido ref|en|Diactenis|oldid=}}

* [http://www.tortricidae.com/catalogueGenusList.asp?gcode=303 tortricidae.com]
{{Control de autoridades}}

[[Categoría:Schoenotenini]]

title: Taxonomía

Reino: Animalia

Filo: Arthropoda

Clase: Insecta

Orden: Lepidoptera

Familia: Tortricidae

Subfamilia: Tortricinae

Género: Diactenis · Meyrick, 1907


text:
# Gazzaniga
Gazzaniga é uma comuna italiana da região da Lombardia, província de Bérgamo, com cerca de 4.965 habitantes. Estende-se por uma área de 14 km², tendo uma densidade populacional de 355 hab/km². Faz fronteira com Albino, Aviatico, Cene, Cornalba, Costa di Serina, Fiorano al Serio, Vertova.

## Demografia
| Variação demográfica do município entre 1861 e 2011                               |
|                                                                                |
| Fonte: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) - Elaboração gráfica da Wikipedia |

wikiname: ptwiki

title: Gazzaniga

in_language: pt

wikitext:
{{Info/Comuna da Itália
 |regiao        = Lombardia <!-- Apenas o nome da região -->
 |provincia     = Bérgamo <!-- Apenas o nome da província -->
 |nome          = Gazzaniga
 |bandeira      =
 |brasao        =
 |imagem        = Gazzaniga landscape 02.jpg
 |lat_deg =45 |lat_min = 48 |lat_sec = |latNS = N
 |lon_deg =9 |lon_min = 50 |lon_sec = |longEW = E
 |coord_título = s
 |altitude      = 386
 |area          = 14
 |populacao     = 4 965
 |densidade     = 355
 |adjacentes    = [[Albino]], [[Aviatico]], [[Cene]], [[Cornalba]], [[Costa di Serina]], [[Fiorano al Serio]], [[Vertova]]
 |cap           = 24025
 |pref_tel      = 035
 |istat         = 016111
 |fical         = D952
 |habitantes    = gazzanighesi
 |nomepatrono   =
 |datapatrono   =
 |site          =
}}
'''Gazzaniga''' é uma [[comuna italiana]] da [[lombardia|região da Lombardia]], [[província de Bérgamo]], com cerca de 4.965 habitantes. Estende-se por uma área de 14 [[quilómetro quadrado|km²]], tendo uma [[densidade populacional]] de 355 hab/km². Faz fronteira com [[Albino]], [[Aviatico]], [[Cene]], [[Cornalba]], [[Costa di Serina]], [[Fiorano al Serio]], [[Vertova]].<ref>{{citar web|url=http://demo.istat.it/pop2011/index.html|título=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT|autor=|data=|publicado=Dato istat|acessodata=|língua=it}}</ref><ref>{{citar web|url=http://demo.istat.it/bil2010/index.html|título=Popolazione residente al 31 dicembre 2010|autor=|data=|publicado=Dato istat|acessodata=|língua=it}}</ref><ref name=¨ISTAT¨>{{citar web|url=http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx|título=[[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica]]|autor=|data=|publicado=Statistiche I.Stat|acessodata=|língua=it}}</ref>

==Demografia==
{{Gráfico de evolução|1861|2004|1871|2155|1881|2546|1901|4701|1911|4576|1921|5583|1931|4672|1936|4574|1951|5264|1961|5104|1971|5216|1981|5191|1991|4853|2001|4968|2011|5160|
|título = Variação [[demografia|demográfica]] do município entre [[1861]] e [[2011]]<ref name=¨ISTAT¨/>
|texto  =
|cor_16 = blue
|notas  = '''Fonte''': <small>Istituto Nazionale di Statistica</small> (ISTAT) - Elaboração gráfica da Wikipedia
}}

{{referências}}

{{esboço-geoit}}
{{Portal3|Geografia|Itália}}

{{Comunas da província de Bérgamo}}

[[Categoria:Comunas de Bérgamo (província)]]

title: Localização

Localização: · GazzanigaLocalização de Gazzaniga na Itália

País: Itália

Região: Lombardia

Província: Bérgamo

title: Características geográficas

Área total: 14 km²

Densidade: 355 hab./km²

title: Outros dados


text:
# Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej
Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej (in russo Владимир Николаевич Челомей?; Siedlce, 30 giugno 1914, 17 giugno del calendario giuliano – Mosca, 8 dicembre 1984) è stato un ingegnere sovietico, uno studioso di meccanica e di missilistica.

## Biografia
Nacque a Siedlce (Russia imperiale), poco prima dello scoppio della guerra con la Germania. Tre mesi dopo, quando le battaglie della prima guerra mondiale si avvicinarono, la sua famiglia traslocò a Poltava. All'età di 12 anni, si trasferì a Kiev.
Nel 1932 Čelomej fu ammesso al Politecnico di Kiev (che più avanti divenne la base dell'Istituto di aviazione di Kiev), dove dimostrò di essere uno studente estremamente dotato. Nel 1936 fu pubblicato il suo primo libro, Analisi vettoriale. Al Politecnico, seguì lezioni di analisi matematica, teoria delle equazioni differenziali, fisica matematica, teoria dell'elasticità e meccanica. Seguì anche lezioni di Tullio Levi-Civita, nell'Accademia delle Scienze della RSS Ucraina.
Soprattutto in questo periodo Čelomej studiò molto meccanica e teoria delle oscillazioni, argomento che suscitò il suo interesse per il resto della vita. Nel 1937 si laureò all'Accademia con lode, e vi iniziò a insegnare.
Dall'inizio della Grande guerra patriottica, Čelomej lavorò presso l'Istituto Centrale Baranov di Costruzioni per l'Aviazione (TsIAM) a Mosca, dove inventò il primo pulsoreattore sovietico nel 1942, in modo del tutto indipendente dagli scienziati della Germania nazista. Nell'estate del 1944 si venne a sapere che la Germania stava usando razzi V1 contro il Regno Unito, e questo pose il problema dello studio dei missili da crociera. Con decisione del Comitato per la Difesa Nazionale dell'URSS e del Commissario del popolo per l'industria aeronautica Aleksej Ivanovič Šachurin del 19 ottobre 1944, Čelomej fu promosso a direttore e ingegnere capo dello Stabilimento N51 per la progettazione dei missili, prendendo il posto di Nikolaj Nikolaevič Polikarpov, deceduto da poco.
Čelomej fu incaricato della progettazione, della costruzione e del collaudo del primo missile da crociera sovietico, con la specifica missione di completarlo nel più breve tempo possibile. Nel dicembre 1944 due razzi di denominazione 10X furono sottoposti a un primo collaudo, partendo da un Petlyakov Pe-8 e da un Tupolev Tu-2. Sempre sotto l'egida di Čelomej, fu creato un Ufficio Speciale di Progettazione (OKB-51) per lo studio del primo velivolo telecomandato. Nel 1955 Čelomej fu designato capo ingegnere dell'OKB-52, dove continuò a lavorare ai missili da crociera.
Gli impegni lavorativi non gli impedivano di continuare un processo di ricerca scientifica. Ottenne una laurea in Scienze alla Scuola Tecnica Superiore Bauman di Mosca, esponendo la propria lectio doctoralis nel 1951 e diventandovi professore nel 1952. Nel 1962 divenne accademico dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'URSS, al dipartimento di Meccanica.
In seguito all'ampliamento del suo OKB, Čelomej iniziò a lavorare ad una serie di programmi piuttosto ambiziosi. Uno di questi era quello relativo al missile universale, ovvero una famiglia di vettori che sarebbero stati utilizzabili sia per scopo militari, sia per missioni spaziali. Nel 1958 l'OKB-52 di Čelomej ebbe completato il primo progetto di missile balistico intercontinentale a più stadi. Il progetto dell'UR-200 (nome in codice NATO SS-10 Scrag): fu scartato a favore del R-36 di Michail Kuz'mič Jangel' (chiamato SS-9 Scarp in Occidente), ma un altro, il UR-100, fu accettato. Nel 1959 Čelomej fu nominato capo ingegnere per l'equipaggiamento dell'aviazione e da allora l'OKB-52 si occupò, oltre che di perfezionare armi di distruzione di massa, di progettare velivoli spaziali. Nel 1961 l'OKB-52 ultimò il progetto dell'ICBM UR-500, e qualche anno più tardi Čelomej diventò il braccio destro di Korolëv nella competizione per il primo volo umano sulla Luna, proprio per mezzo del potente missile balistico. Esso sarebbe stato in grado, secondo l'ingegnere, di portare un equipaggio di due persone in orbita attorno al satellite, in un volo di fly-by. Per dare consistenza al progetto, si occupò di assumere alcuni membri della famiglia del presidente Nikita Chruščëv e sostenendo che sarebbe stato il primo passo per la costruzione di una stazione spaziale. Il programma per il primo viaggio sulla Luna non arrivò mai a compimento dopo la scomparsa di Chruščёv, ma l'idea di usare il missile come vettore spaziale ebbe successo: il primo lancio ebbe luogo il 10 marzo 1967, e l'UR-500 fu rinominato Proton, il modello di razzo permise l'invio in orbita di imponenti costruzioni come le stazioni spaziali Saljut e Mir.
Satelliti in orbita terrestre come il Polët (Polyot) furono un altro frutto dell'OKB di Čelomej. A differenza di quelli già esistenti al tempo, i satelliti Polyot-1 (1963) e Polyot-2 (1964) erano capaci di ridirezionamento autonomo, e potevano cambiare da soli la propria orbita. Čelomej fu anche a capo della progettazione del satellite Proton. Negli anni 1970 l'OKB lavorò al complesso Almaz, che fu la base per le stazioni spaziali Saljut 2, Saljut 3, e Saljut 5. Un altro progetto, più ambizioso, era quello del TKS, un veicolo orbitale con equipaggio studiato per dare supporto alla Almaz come alternativa alla Sojuz: si trattava però di un progetto che non avrebbe mai visto la luce di per sé, se non con alcune idee riprese per le stazioni Saljut 7 e la stessa Mir.
Čelomej morì a Mosca, nel 1984.

## Premi
- 4 volte Eroe del Lavoro Socialista;
- Premio di Stato dell'URSS (1967, 1974, 1982);
- Premio Lenin (1959);
- 4 Ordini di Lenin;
- Ordine della Rivoluzione d'ottobre.

wikiname: itwiki

title: Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej

in_language: it

wikitext:
{{NN|ingegneri|gennaio 2017}}
{{Carica pubblica
|nome = Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej
|immagine = Vladimir Chelomey.jpg
|didascalia = 1967
|carica = Deputato del [[Soviet delle Nazionalità]] del [[Soviet Supremo dell'URSS]]
|legislatura = IX, X, XI
|circoscrizione = [[RSSA Ciuvascia]]
|partito = [[Partito Comunista dell'Unione Sovietica]]
}}
{{Bio
|Nome = Vladimir Nikolaevič
|Cognome = Čelomej
|ForzaOrdinamento = Celomej ,Vladimir Nikolaevic
|PreData = {{russo|Владимир Николаевич Челомей}}
|Sesso = M
|LuogoNascita = Siedlce
|GiornoMeseNascita = 30 giugno
|AnnoNascita = 1914
|NoteNascita = , 17 giugno del [[calendario giuliano]]{{Nota calendario|Russia}}
|LuogoMorte = Mosca
|LuogoMorteLink = Mosca (Russia)
|GiornoMeseMorte = 8 dicembre
|AnnoMorte = 1984
|Epoca = 1900
|Attività = ingegnere
|Nazionalità = sovietico
|PostNazionalità = , uno studioso di [[meccanica applicata|meccanica]] e di [[missilistica]]
}}

== Biografia ==

Nacque a Siedlce ([[Russia imperiale]]), poco prima dello scoppio della guerra con la [[Impero tedesco|Germania]]. Tre mesi dopo, quando le battaglie della [[prima guerra mondiale]] si avvicinarono, la sua famiglia traslocò a [[Poltava]]. All'età di 12 anni, si trasferì a [[Kiev]].

Nel [[1932]] Čelomej fu ammesso al [[Politecnico di Kiev]] (che più avanti divenne la base dell'Istituto di aviazione di Kiev), dove dimostrò di essere uno studente estremamente dotato. Nel [[1936]] fu pubblicato il suo primo libro, ''Analisi vettoriale''. Al Politecnico, seguì lezioni di [[analisi matematica]], teoria delle [[equazioni differenziali]], [[fisica matematica]], [[elasticità (meccanica)|teoria dell'elasticità]] e [[Meccanica (fisica)|meccanica]]. Seguì anche lezioni di [[Tullio Levi-Civita]], nell'[[Accademia nazionale delle scienze dell'Ucraina|Accademia delle Scienze]] della [[RSS Ucraina]].

Soprattutto in questo periodo Čelomej studiò molto [[Meccanica (fisica)|meccanica]] e teoria delle [[pendolo|oscillazioni]], argomento che suscitò il suo interesse per il resto della vita. Nel [[1937]] si laureò all'Accademia con lode, e vi iniziò a insegnare.

Dall'inizio della [[Grande guerra patriottica]], Čelomej lavorò presso l{{'}}''Istituto Centrale Baranov di Costruzioni per l'Aviazione'' (TsIAM) a Mosca, dove inventò {{Chiarimento|il primo pulsoreattore sovietico nel 1942|In realtà c'erano già stati esperimenti negli [[anni '30]] da parte del gruppo di Pobedonostsev}}, in modo del tutto indipendente dagli scienziati della [[Germania nazista]]. Nell'estate del [[1944]] si venne a sapere che la Germania stava usando razzi [[V1 (Fieseler Fi 103)|V1]] contro il [[Regno Unito]], e questo pose il problema dello studio dei {{Chiarimento|missili da crociera|Che però il GIRD aveva già studiato (Progetto 06 1934, Oggetto 216 1935 e Oggetto 212 nel 1939)}}. Con decisione del [[Comitato per la Difesa Nazionale dell'URSS]] e del [[Commissario del popolo dell'URSS|Commissario del popolo]] per l'industria aeronautica [[Aleksej Ivanovič Šachurin]] del 19 ottobre 1944, Čelomej fu promosso a direttore e ingegnere capo dello ''Stabilimento N51'' per la progettazione dei missili, prendendo il posto di [[Nikolaj Nikolaevič Polikarpov]], deceduto da poco.

Čelomej fu incaricato della progettazione, della costruzione e del collaudo del {{Chiarimento|primo missile da crociera sovietico|come già detto c'era stato il Progetto 06 nel 1934 e i seguenti Oggetto 216 nel 1935 e Oggetto 212 nel 1939 del GIRD, scienziati Korolev, Zheleznov, Chesalov, Shchetinkov, Pivovarov, Fedotov, Gorbunov, Ivanov, Bivovarov, Durnov}}, con la specifica missione di completarlo nel più breve tempo possibile. Nel dicembre 1944 due razzi di denominazione ''10X'' furono sottoposti a un primo collaudo, partendo da un [[Petlyakov Pe-8]] e da un [[Tupolev Tu-2]]. Sempre sotto l'egida di Čelomej, fu creato un Ufficio Speciale di Progettazione (OKB-51) {{Chiarimento|per lo studio del primo velivolo telecomandato|Il primo studio sovietico in questo senso fu l'Oggetto 301, variante del Progetto 06}}. Nel 1955 Čelomej fu designato capo ingegnere dell'OKB-52, dove continuò a lavorare ai missili da crociera.

Gli impegni lavorativi non gli impedivano di continuare un processo di ricerca scientifica. Ottenne una laurea in Scienze alla [[Università tecnica statale moscovita N. Ė. Bauman|Scuola Tecnica Superiore Bauman di Mosca]], esponendo la propria ''lectio doctoralis'' nel 1951 e diventandovi professore nel 1952. Nel 1962 divenne accademico dell'[[Accademia delle Scienze dell'URSS]], al dipartimento di Meccanica.

In seguito all'ampliamento del suo OKB, Čelomej iniziò a lavorare ad una serie di programmi piuttosto ambiziosi. Uno di questi era quello relativo al [[UR (missile)|missile universale]], ovvero una famiglia di vettori che sarebbero stati utilizzabili sia per scopo militari, sia per missioni spaziali. Nel 1958 l'OKB-52 di Čelomej ebbe completato il primo progetto di [[missile balistico intercontinentale]] a più stadi. Il progetto dell{{'}}''[[UR-200]]'' ([[nome in codice NATO]] SS-10 Scrag): fu scartato a favore del ''R-36'' di [[Michail Kuz'mič Jangel']] (chiamato ''[[SS-9 Scarp]]'' in [[blocco occidentale|Occidente]]), ma un altro, il ''UR-100'', fu accettato. Nel 1959 Čelomej fu nominato capo ingegnere per l'equipaggiamento dell'aviazione e da allora l'OKB-52 si occupò, oltre che di perfezionare armi di distruzione di massa, di progettare velivoli spaziali. Nel 1961 l'OKB-52 ultimò il progetto dell'ICBM ''UR-500'', e qualche anno più tardi Čelomej diventò il braccio destro di [[Sergej Pavlovič Korolëv|Korolëv]] nella competizione per il primo volo umano sulla [[Luna]], proprio per mezzo del potente missile balistico. Esso sarebbe stato in grado, secondo l'ingegnere, di portare un equipaggio di due persone in orbita attorno al satellite, in un volo di [[fly-by]]. Per dare consistenza al progetto, si occupò di assumere alcuni membri della famiglia del presidente [[Nikita Sergeevič Chruščëv|Nikita Chruščëv]] e sostenendo che sarebbe stato il primo passo per la costruzione di una stazione spaziale. Il programma per il primo viaggio sulla Luna non arrivò mai a compimento dopo la scomparsa di Chruščёv, ma l'idea di usare il missile come [[vettore spaziale]] ebbe successo: il primo lancio ebbe luogo il 10 marzo 1967, e l{{'}}''UR-500'' fu rinominato ''[[Proton (razzo)|Proton]]'', il modello di razzo permise l'invio in orbita di imponenti costruzioni come le stazioni spaziali [[Saljut]] e [[Mir (stazione spaziale)|Mir]].
[[File:Proton Zvezda.jpg|thumb|Missile [[Proton (razzo)|Proton]]]]
Satelliti in orbita terrestre come il ''Polët'' (''Polyot'') furono un altro frutto dell'OKB di Čelomej. A differenza di quelli già esistenti al tempo, i satelliti ''Polyot-1'' ([[1963]]) e ''Polyot-2'' ([[1964]]) erano capaci di ridirezionamento autonomo, e potevano cambiare da soli la propria orbita. Čelomej fu anche a capo della progettazione del satellite ''[[Proton (satellite)|Proton]]''. Negli [[anni 1970]] l'OKB lavorò al complesso ''[[Almaz]]'', che fu la base per le stazioni spaziali [[Saljut 2]], [[Saljut 3]], e [[Saljut 5]]. Un altro progetto, più ambizioso, era quello del TKS, un veicolo orbitale con equipaggio studiato per dare supporto alla ''Almaz'' come alternativa alla [[Programma Sojuz|Sojuz]]: si trattava però di un progetto che non avrebbe mai visto la luce di per sé, se non con alcune idee riprese per le stazioni [[Saljut 7]] e la stessa Mir.

Čelomej morì a Mosca, nel 1984.

== Premi ==
* 4 volte [[Eroe del Lavoro Socialista]];
* [[Premio di Stato dell'URSS]] (1967, 1974, 1982);
* [[Premio Lenin]] (1959);
* 4 [[Ordine di Lenin|Ordini di Lenin]];
* [[Ordine della Rivoluzione d'ottobre]].

== Note ==
<references/>

== Altri progetti ==
{{interprogetto}}

== Collegamenti esterni ==
*{{cita web|http://www.stoletie.ru/territoriya_istorii/tovarishh_stalin_schitajet_vas_fantazerom_2009-07-03.htm|Biografia|lingua=ru}}
*{{cita web|http://www.astronautix.com/astros/chelomei.htm|Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej su Encyclopedia Astronautica|lingua=en}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}
{{Portale|astronautica|aviazione|biografie|ingegneria}}

[[Categoria:Scienziati russi]]
[[Categoria:Pionieri dello spazio]]
[[Categoria:Sepolti nel cimitero di Novodevičij]]
[[Categoria:Deputati della IX legislatura del Soviet Supremo dell'URSS]]
[[Categoria:Deputati della X legislatura del Soviet Supremo dell'URSS]]
[[Categoria:Deputati dell'XI legislatura del Soviet Supremo dell'URSS]]
[[Categoria:Politici del Partito Comunista dell'Unione Sovietica]]
[[Categoria:Membri dell'Accademia delle scienze dell'URSS]]
[[Categoria:Cavalieri dell'Ordine di Lenin]]
[[Categoria:Cavalieri dell'Ordine della Rivoluzione d'ottobre]]
[[Categoria:Eroi del lavoro socialista]]
[[Categoria:Vincitori del Premio Lenin]]
[[Categoria:Vincitori del Premio di Stato dell'Unione Sovietica]]

title: Deputato del Soviet delle Nazionalità del Soviet Supremo dell'URSS

Legislatura: IX, X, XI

Circoscrizione: RSSA Ciuvascia

title: Dati generali

Partito politico: Partito Comunista dell'Unione Sovietica

Titolo di studio: doktor nauk in ingegneria

Università: National Aviation University e Istituto Politecnico di Kiev

Firma: Firma di Vladimir Nikolaevič Čelomej


text:
# Gasan
Gasan es un municipio filipino de tercera categoría perteneciente a la provincia isleña de Marinduque en Mimaropa, Región IV-B. Con una extensión superficial de 11.93 Has,  tiene una población de 33,075 personas que habitan en 8,008 hogares. Su alcaldesa es  Victoria A. Lao Lim.
Para las elecciones está encuadrado en el único Distrito Electoral de esta provincia.

## Geografía
Las Islas de los Tres Reyes (Tres Reyes Islands): Melchor, Gaspar y Baltasar).
El archipiélago se encuentra  situado frente a la costa de  Marinduque, al suroeste y  forman parte de la jurisdicción de este municipio de  Gasan, concretamente en su barrio de Pinggan.

## Barrios
El municipio de Gasan se divide, a los efectos administrativos, en 25 barangayes o barrios, conforme a la siguiente relación:
| - Antipolo, antes Hinubuán. - Bachao Ibaba - Bachao Ilaya - Bacong-Bacong - Bahi | - Bangbang - Banot - Banuyo - Bognuyan - Cabugao | - Dawis - Dili - Libtangin - Mahunig - Mangiliol | - Masiga - Matandang Gasan - Pangi - Pinggan - Tabionan | - Tapuyan - Tiguión - Barangay I (Población) - Barangay II (Población) - Barangay III (Población) |

## Historia
En 1850 formaban parte de la provincia de Mindoro, entonces contaba con una población de 1.667 almas.

## Patrimonio
Iglesia parroquial católica bajo la advocación de San José Esposo de Maria.

wikiname: eswiki

title: Gasan

in_language: es

wikitext:
{{Ficha de entidad subnacional
|nombre completo    = Gasan
|unidad             = [[Localidades de Filipinas|Municipio]]
|bandera            = Flag of Gasan, Marinduque.png
|escudo             =
|imagen             = Marinduque Provincial Domestic Airport.jpg
|pie_de_imagen      = Aeropuerto, barrio de Masiga.
|mapa               = Ph locator marinduque gasan.png
|tamaño_mapa        = 250px
|mapa_loc           = Filipinas
|tipo_superior_1    = [[Anexo:Regiones de Filipinas|Región]]
|superior_1         = [[Mimaropa]]
|tipo_superior_2    = [[Anexo:Provincias de Filipinas|Provincia]]
|superior_2         = [[Marinduque]]
|dirigentes_títulos = [[Alcalde]]
|dirigentes_nombres =
|fundación          =
|fundador           =
|población          =
|población_año      =
|población_post     =
|densidad           =
|superficie         =
|superficie_post    =
|altitud            =
|lengua             =
|prefijo            =
|cp                 =
|nombre_código1     = [[Código ZIP]]
|código1            = 1182'''01'''
|página web         =
}}

'''Gasan''' es un [[Localidades de Filipinas|municipio]] [[Filipinas|filipino]] de tercera categoría perteneciente a la [[Anexo:Provincias de Filipinas|provincia]] isleña de [[Marinduque]] en [[Mimaropa]], Región IV-B. Con una extensión superficial de 11.93 Has,  tiene una población de 33,075 personas que habitan en 8,008 hogares. Su alcaldesa es  Victoria A. Lao Lim.<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&frmIdDcfCode=8&fLguType=CM&frmIdRegion=7&frmIdProvince=39&frmIdLgu=851 |título=Department of the Interior and Local Governement Municipality of Gasan, año 2011. |fechaacceso=24 de septiembre de 2014 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193001/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23&frmIdDcfCode=8&fLguType=CM&frmIdRegion=7&frmIdProvince=39&frmIdLgu=851 |fechaarchivo=4 de marzo de 2016 }}</ref>
Para las elecciones está encuadrado en el único Distrito Electoral de esta provincia.

== Geografía ==
Las [[Islas de los Tres Reyes]] (''Tres Reyes Islands''): [[Isla de Melchor|Melchor]], [[Isla de Gaspar|Gaspar]] y [[Isla de Baltasar|Baltasar]]).

El archipiélago se encuentra  situado frente a la costa de  Marinduque, al suroeste y  forman parte de la jurisdicción de este municipio de  Gasan, concretamente en su barrio de Pinggan.<ref>[[Wikimapia]]  [http://wikimapia.org/#lang=es&lat=13.237606&lon=121.871681&z=13&show=/5022990/Tres-Reyes-Islands Tres Reyes Islands Coordenadas:  13°15'0"N 121°50'36"E.] </ref>

==Barrios==
El municipio de Gasan se divide, a los efectos administrativos, en 25 [[Barangay (barrio)|barangay]]es o barrios, conforme a la siguiente relación:<ref>Bajo el Código de Gobierno Local de 1991, los antiguos barrios de Filipinas han sido denominados como barangays.</ref><ref>{{Enlace roto|1=[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/municipality.asp?muncode=174003000&regcode=17&provcode=40. 1997-2014, Philippine Statistics Authority - National Statistical Coordination Board Consultado del 24 de septiembre de 2014.] |2=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/municipality.asp?muncode=174003000&regcode=17&provcode=40. |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
{|
|
* Antipolo, antes Hinubuán.
* Bachao Ibaba
* Bachao Ilaya
* Bacong-Bacong
* Bahi
|
* Bangbang
* Banot
* Banuyo
* Bognuyan
* Cabugao
|
* Dawis
* Dili
* Libtangin
* Mahunig
* Mangiliol
|
* [[Masiga]]
* Matandang Gasan
* Pangi
* [[Pinggan]]
* Tabionan
|
* Tapuyan
* [[Tiguión]]
* Barangay I (Población)
* Barangay II (Población)
* Barangay III (Población)
|}
== Historia ==
En 1850 formaban parte de la [[provincia de Mindoro]], entonces contaba con una población de 1.667 almas.

== Patrimonio ==
[[File:San Jose Esposo de Maria Parish Church, Gasan, Marinduque.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Parroquia.]]
Iglesia parroquial católica bajo la advocación de [[José de Nazaret|San José Esposo de Maria]].

== Referencias ==
{{Listaref|2}}
{{Commonscat|Gasan, Marinduque}}
{{Control de autoridades}}
[[Categoría:Localidades de Marinduque]]
[[Categoría:Municipios de Filipinas de Tercera Categoría]]

title: Gasan

Entidad: Municipio

• País: Filipinas

• Región: Mimaropa

• Provincia: Marinduque


text:
# Eduard Gebhardt
Eduard Gebhardt (Järva-Jaani, 13 giugno 1838 – Düsseldorf, 3 febbraio 1925) è stato un pittore tedesco.

## Biografia
Studiò prima all'accademia di San Pietroburgo e successivamente alla Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, per poi diventare docente. Ebbe fra gli allievi Johann August Wilhelm Sohn. Fece parte della scuola di pittura di Düsseldorf di Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow.

## Riconoscimenti
Ebbe la medaglia d'oro alla Berliner Kunstausstellung (mostra d'arte di Berlino).

title: Eduard Gebhardt

wikitext:
{{F|pittori tedeschi|luglio 2013}}
{{Bio
|Nome = Eduard
|Cognome = Gebhardt
|Sesso = M
|LuogoNascita = Järva-Jaani
|GiornoMeseNascita = 13 giugno
|AnnoNascita = 1838
|LuogoMorte = Düsseldorf
|GiornoMeseMorte = 3 febbraio
|AnnoMorte = 1925
|Epoca = 1800
|Epoca2 = 1900
|Attività = pittore
|Nazionalità = tedesco
}}

== Biografia ==
[[File:GebhardtLazarus.jpg|thumb|right|Eduard Gebhardt: Der reiche Mann und der arme Lazarus (1865)]]

Studiò prima all'accademia di San Pietroburgo e successivamente alla [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]], per poi diventare docente. Ebbe fra gli allievi [[Johann August Wilhelm Sohn]]. Fece parte della [[scuola di pittura di Düsseldorf]] di [[Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow]].

== Riconoscimenti ==
Ebbe la medaglia d'oro alla [[Berliner Kunstausstellung]] (mostra d'arte di [[Berlino]]).

== Onorificenze ==
{{Onorificenze
|immagine=Order.Maximilia.Art.Sciences.gif
|nome_onorificenza=Medaglia dell'Ordine di Massimiliano per le Scienze e le Arti
|collegamento_onorificenza=Ordine di Massimiliano per le Scienze e le Arti
|motivazione=
|data=1885
}}

== Altri progetti ==
{{interprogetto}}

== Collegamenti esterni ==
* {{Collegamenti esterni}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}
{{Portale|biografie|germania|pittura}}


text:
# Connaissance de l'Est

Connaissance de l'Est (1900) est un recueil de poèmes en prose de Paul Claudel, composés presque tous en Chine entre juillet 1895 et octobre 1899, quand Claudel est nommé consul suppléant à Shanghai.
Les poèmes de ce recueil sont groupés en deux parties inégales. Publié en 1900 au Mercure de France, puis dans une édition augmentée en 1907, le livre avait pour fin de permettre au nouveau venu d'apprendre à connaître ce pays de l'Est où il venait de s'établir, de faire connaissance avec lui. De là ces textes sur ce que nous appellerions aujourd'hui la culture chinoise : jardins, théâtre, idéogrammes… De là aussi les descriptions d'arbres exotiques, d'animaux, ou de paysages.
Le 17 août 1913, Claudel donne à Victor Segalen, qu'il avait rencontré à Pékin, l'autorisation de rééditer ses poèmes en prose. Les pages de cette réédition étaient imprimées sur une seule face, pliées en deux et cousues à la façon orientale. Les deux tomes étaient présentés dans une cassette couverte de soie bleue et pourvue d'onglets.

## Extrait
Le Riz

« C'est la dent que nous mettons à la terre même avec le fer que nous y plantons, et déjà notre pain y mange à la façon dont nous allons le manger. Le soleil chez nous dans le froid Nord, qu'il mette la main à la pâte ; c'est lui qui mûrit notre champ, comme c'est le feu tout à nu qui cuit notre galette et qui rôtit notre viande. Nous ouvrons d'un soc fort dans la terre solide la raie où naît la croûte que nous coupons de notre couteau et que nous broyons entre nos mâchoires. »

Connaissance de l'Est. Œuvre poétique, Gallimard, Pléiade, p. 115 - D.R.

## Lien
- Connaissance de l'est, édition Larousse, Paris, 1920 [lire en ligne] sur Internet Archive
- Analyse de l'œuvre

wikiname: frwiki

title: Connaissance de l'Est

in_language: fr

wikitext:
{{ébauche|littérature française}}
{{titre en italique}}
'''''Connaissance de l'Est''''' ([[1900]]) est un [[Anthologie|recueil]] de [[poème en prose|poèmes en prose]] de [[Paul Claudel]], composés presque tous en Chine entre {{date-|juillet 1895}} et {{date-|octobre 1899}}, quand Claudel est nommé consul suppléant à [[Shanghai]]<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Claudel en Chine |url=https://bibliotheque-numerique.diplomatie.gouv.fr/meae/fr/content/claudel-en-chine |site=[[Bibliothèque diplomatique numérique]] |consulté le=11 juin 2024}}</ref>.

Les poèmes de ce recueil sont groupés en deux parties inégales. Publié en 1900 au Mercure de France, puis dans une édition augmentée en 1907, le livre avait pour fin de permettre au nouveau venu d'apprendre à connaître ce pays de l'Est où il venait de s'établir, de faire connaissance avec lui. De là ces textes sur ce que nous appellerions aujourd'hui la culture chinoise : jardins, théâtre, idéogrammes… De là aussi les descriptions d'arbres exotiques, d'animaux, ou de paysages.
Le {{date-|17 août 1913}}, Claudel donne à [[Victor Segalen]], qu'il avait rencontré à [[Pékin]], l'autorisation de rééditer ses poèmes en prose. Les pages de cette réédition étaient imprimées sur une seule face, pliées en deux et cousues à la façon orientale. Les deux tomes étaient présentés dans une cassette couverte de soie bleue et pourvue d'onglets.

== Extrait ==
'''''Le Riz'''''

{{Citation bloc|C'est la dent que nous mettons à la terre même avec le fer que nous y plantons, et déjà notre pain y mange à la façon dont nous allons le manger. Le soleil chez nous dans le froid Nord, qu'il mette la main à la pâte ; c'est lui qui mûrit notre champ, comme c'est le feu tout à nu qui cuit notre galette et qui rôtit notre viande. Nous ouvrons d'un soc fort dans la terre solide la raie où naît la croûte que nous coupons de notre couteau et que nous broyons entre nos mâchoires.}}

''Connaissance de l'Est. Œuvre poétique'', Gallimard, Pléiade, {{p.|115}} - D.R.

== Bibliographie ==
* Paul Claudel, ''Connaissance de l'Est'', édition critique établie par [[Gilbert Gadoffre]], Paris, [[Mercure de France]], 1973.
* [[Claude Pérez]], ''Le Défini et l'inépuisable. Essai sur Connaissance de l'Est'' , Annales de l'université de Besançon, distr. Les Belles Lettres, 1995. https://books.openedition.org/pufc/3910
* Claudel en Chine. Bibliothèque diplomatique numérique. Consulté le 11 juin 2024 [https://bibliotheque-numerique.diplomatie.gouv.fr/meae/fr/content/claudel-en-chine]

== Lien ==
*''Connaissance de l'est'', édition Larousse, Paris, 1920 {{lire en ligne|lien=https://archive.org/stream/connaissancedele00clau#page/n5/mode/2up}} sur [[Internet Archive]]
*[http://www.paul-claudel.net/node/63/ Analyse de l'œuvre]

== Références ==
{{Références}}

{{Portail|littérature française|poésie}}

[[Catégorie:Recueil de poèmes en français]]
[[Catégorie:Œuvre de Paul Claudel]]


text:
# 立方晶窒化炭素
立方晶窒化炭素（りっぽうしょうちっかたんそ、英: cubic carbon nitride）とは、1996年、米国高圧地球物理研究所のテーターらによりコンピュータによる理論計算が行われ、ダイヤモンド以上のモース硬度をもつことが理論的に予測された物質である。理論上の組成式は C3N4 である。
1998年に物質工学工業技術研究所の研究グループにより、窒素を含む炭素粉末を熱プラズマで処理したところ立方晶窒化炭素の微粒子が得られたとの報告がなされた。
しかし未だに立方晶窒化炭素の合成は大変難しく、大型の結晶はまだ得られていない。

wikiname: jawiki

title: 立方晶窒化炭素

in_language: ja

wikitext:
'''立方晶窒化炭素'''（りっぽうしょうちっかたんそ、{{lang-en-short|cubic carbon nitride}}）とは、[[1996年]]、[[米国高圧地球物理研究所]]のテーターらにより[[コンピュータ]]による[[計算化学|理論計算]]が行われ、[[ダイヤモンド]]以上の[[モース硬度]]をもつことが理論的に予測された物質である<ref>{{cite journal |journal = MRS Bulletin|issn = 1938-1425|volume = 23|issue = 1|title = Computational Alchemy: The Search for New Superhard Materials|first1 = David M.|last1 = Teter|url = http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0883769400031420|year = 1998|pages = 22–27|doi = 10.1557/S0883769400031420|ref = harv}}</ref>。理論上の[[組成式]]は {{Chem|C|3|N|4}} である。

1998年に[[物質工学工業技術研究所]]の研究グループにより、[[窒素]]を含む[[炭素]]粉末を[[プラズマ|熱プラズマ]]で処理したところ立方晶窒化炭素の微粒子が得られたとの報告がなされた<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Applied Physics Letters | volume = 73 | issue = 25 | title = Cubic C3N4 particles prepared in an induction thermal plasma | first1 = Yingguo | last1 = Peng | first2 = Takamasa | last2 = Ishigaki | first3 = Shigeo | last3 = Horiuchi | url = http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/73/25/10.1063/1.122858 | year = 1998 | pages = 3671–3673 | doi = 10.1063/1.122858 | ref = harv}}</ref>。

しかし未だに立方晶窒化炭素の合成は大変難しく、大型の[[結晶]]はまだ得られていない。

== 出典 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 関連項目 ==
* [[野尻抱介]]の『ふわふわの泉』では立方晶窒化炭素がSFガジェットとして活躍する。

== 外部リンク ==
* {{Wayback|url=http://www.aist.go.jp/NIMC/recent/r96-7-1.html|title=ダイヤモンドの硬さを凌ぐか？ 立方晶窒化炭素の世界初の合成|date = 19970514045805}}: [[産業技術総合研究所]]の解説ページ

{{モース硬度}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:りつほうしようちつかたんそ}}
{{Chem-stub}}

[[Category:窒化物]]
[[Category:無機炭素化合物]]
[[Category:科学の未解決問題]]


text:
# Kraftwerk Granfors
Das Kraftwerk Granfors ist ein Wasserkraftwerk in der Gemeinde Skellefteå, Provinz Västerbottens län, Schweden, das den Skellefte älv zu einem Stausee aufstaut. Es ging 1952 in Betrieb. Das Kraftwerk ist im Besitz von Skellefteå Kraft und wird auch von Skellefteå Kraft betrieben.

## Absperrbauwerk
Das Absperrbauwerk besteht aus einer Gewichtsstaumauer mit einer Höhe von 35 m auf der rechten Flussseite, der Wehranlage mit den drei Wehrfeldern in der Flussmitte und dem Maschinenhaus auf der linken Flussseite.
Das minimale Stauziel liegt bei 122,5 m, das maximale bei 123,5 m über dem Meeresspiegel. Das Bemessungshochwasser liegt bei 701 m³/s; die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten dieses Ereignisses wurde mit einmal in 100 Jahren bestimmt.

## Kraftwerk
Mit dem Bau des Kraftwerks wurde 1948 begonnen. Es ging 1952 mit einer Kaplan-Turbine in Betrieb. Das Kraftwerk wurde ab 1962 erweitert und 1965 wurde eine zweite Turbine installiert. Es verfügt mit den beiden Kaplan-Turbinen über eine installierte Leistung von 38 (bzw. 39 oder 40) MW. Die durchschnittliche Jahreserzeugung liegt bei 180 (bzw. 202 207 oder 218) Mio. kWh.
Die beiden Turbinen wurden von Kværner geliefert. Die erste der beiden Turbinen leistet 16 MW, die zweite 17,6 MW. Die Nenndrehzahl der ersten Turbine liegt bei 136,4 Umdrehungen pro Minute, die der zweiten bei 150 Umdrehungen pro Minute. Die Fallhöhe beträgt 17,7 (bzw. 18,5 18,8 oder 19) m. Der maximale Durchfluss liegt bei 240 m³/s.
Eine der beiden Turbinen wurde 2017 überholt; für ihre Leistung werden 23,67 MW und für ihren Durchfluss 130 m³/s angegeben.

wikiname: dewiki

title: Kraftwerk Granfors

in_language: de

wikitext:
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox Laufwasserkraftwerk
|BILD                  = Granfors timmerränna.jpg
|BILDBESCHREIBUNG      =
|POSKARTE              =
|BREITENGRAD           = 64.778977
|LÄNGENGRAD            = 20.414991
|REGION-ISO            = SE-AC
|LAND                  = {{SWE}}
|ORT                   = Gemeinde [[Skellefteå (Gemeinde)|Skellefteå]]
|GEWAESSER             = [[Skellefte älv]]
|GEWAESSERKILOMETER    =
|EIGENTÜMER            = [[Skellefteå Kraft]]
|BETREIBER             = Skellefteå Kraft
|PLANUNGSBEGINN        =
|BAUZEIT               =
|BETRIEBSBEGINN        = 1952
|STILLLEGUNG           =
|DENKMALSCHUTZ         =
|HÖHE                  =
|HÖHE-BEZUG            =
|ENGPASSLEISTUNG       = 39
|FALLHOEHE             = 19
|DURCHFLUSS            = 240
|REGELARBEITSVERMOEGEN = 207
|TURBINEN              = 2 [[Kaplan-Turbine]]n
|GENERATOREN           =
|WEBSITE               =
|STAND                 =
}}

Das '''Kraftwerk Granfors''' ist ein [[Wasserkraftwerk]] in der Gemeinde [[Skellefteå (Gemeinde)|Skellefteå]], Provinz [[Västerbottens län]], [[Schweden]], das den [[Skellefte älv]] zu einem Stausee aufstaut. Es ging 1952 in Betrieb. Das Kraftwerk ist im Besitz von [[Skellefteå Kraft]] und wird auch von Skellefteå Kraft betrieben.<ref name="SK1"/>

== Absperrbauwerk ==
Das Absperrbauwerk besteht aus einer [[Gewichtsstaumauer]] mit einer Höhe von 35<ref name="MB"/> m auf der rechten Flussseite, der [[Wehr (Wasserbau)|Wehranlage]] mit den drei Wehrfeldern in der Flussmitte und dem Maschinenhaus auf der linken Flussseite.

Das minimale [[Stauziel]] liegt bei 122,5 m, das maximale bei 123,5 m [[Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel|über dem Meeresspiegel]].<ref name="NEPP"/> Das [[Bemessungshochwasser]] liegt bei 701 m³/s; die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten dieses Ereignisses wurde mit einmal in 100 Jahren bestimmt.<ref name="MSB"/>

== Kraftwerk ==
Mit dem Bau des Kraftwerks wurde 1948 begonnen.<ref name="SILO"/> Es ging 1952 mit einer [[Kaplan-Turbine]] in Betrieb.<ref name="SK1"/> Das Kraftwerk wurde ab 1962 erweitert und 1965 wurde eine zweite Turbine installiert.<ref name="SILO"/> Es verfügt mit den beiden Kaplan-Turbinen über eine [[installierte Leistung]] von 38<ref name="MB"/> (bzw. 39<ref name="NEPP"/><ref name="SILO"/><ref name="VATT"/><ref name="SK2"/> oder 40<ref name="SK1"/>) [[Megawatt|MW]]. Die durchschnittliche Jahreserzeugung liegt bei 180<ref name="MB"/> (bzw. 202<ref name="VATT"/> 207<ref name="SK1"/><ref name="SILO"/> oder 218<ref name="SK2"/>) Mio. [[Wattstunde|kWh]].

Die beiden Turbinen wurden von [[Kværner]] geliefert. Die erste der beiden Turbinen leistet 16 MW, die zweite 17,6 MW. Die [[Drehzahl|Nenndrehzahl]] der ersten Turbine liegt bei 136,4 Umdrehungen pro Minute, die der zweiten bei 150 Umdrehungen pro Minute.<ref name="KVAE"/> Die [[Fallhöhe (Wasserbau)|Fallhöhe]] beträgt 17,7<ref name="KVAE"/><ref name="AN1" group=A/> (bzw. 18,5<ref name="KVAE"/><ref name="AN1" group=A/> 18,8<ref name="VATT"/> oder 19<ref name="MB"/>) m. Der maximale [[Ausbauwassermenge|Durchfluss]] liegt bei 240<ref name="MB"/><ref name="NEPP"/><ref name="VATT"/> m³/s.

Eine der beiden Turbinen wurde 2017 überholt; für ihre Leistung werden 23,67 MW und für ihren Durchfluss 130 m³/s angegeben.<ref name="LIT"/>

== Siehe auch ==
* [[Liste von Wasserkraftwerken in Schweden]]

== Weblinks ==
{{commonscat|Granfors Hydroelectric Power Station|Kraftwerk Granfors}}

== Anmerkungen ==
<references group=A>
<ref name="AN1" group=A>Kværner gibt für die Fallhöhe der ersten Turbine 17,7 m und für die Fallhöhe der zweiten Turbine 18,5 m an.</ref>
</references>

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references responsive>
<ref name="KVAE">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = [[Kværner]]
| url     = https://xml.arkivverket.no/diverse/kvaernerbrug/Kv%c3%a6rner%20Hydro%20Kaplan%20referanseliste%201946-1987.pdf
| sprache = en
| titel   = Kvaerner Hydro
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 5, 11
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="LIT">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = [[Litostroj]]
| url     = https://www.litostrojpower.com/files/default/2018-articles/Brochures/Refurbishment-Upgrade_Litostroj_Power_Product_Sheet_2018-03-21_Press.pdf
| sprache = en
| titel   = Refurbishment, modernization and upgrading of HPP’s
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 2
| datum   = 2017-06-01
| zugriff = 2022-01-25
}}</ref>

<ref name="MB">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = mb.cision.com
| url     = http://mb.cision.com/Public/865/9556639/9b36920429c86ec9.pdf
| sprache = sv
| titel   = Sammanställning av uppskattade anläggningskostnader för fiskvägar samt vattenföringsdata för storskaliga vattenkraftverk Sverige
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 2
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="MSB">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = www.msb.se
| url     = https://www.msb.se/siteassets/dokument/amnesomraden/skydd-mot-olyckor-och-farliga-amnen/naturolyckor-och-klimat/oversvamning/oversvamningskartering-vattendrag---framstallda-fore-2013/skelleftealven-2006.pdf
| sprache = sv
| titel   = Översiktlig översvämningskartering längs Skellefteälven
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 8
| datum   = 2006-09-25
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="NEPP">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = www.nepp.se
| url     = https://www.nepp.se/pdf/Simulation_hydro_power.pdf
| sprache = en
| titel   = Simulation of Hydro Power Expansion in Skellefte River
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 5
| datum   = 2018-06-01
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="SILO">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = silo.tips
| url     = https://silo.tips/download/hydropower-limitless-energy
| sprache = en
| titel   = Skellefteå Kraft Hydropower. Limitless energy.
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 7
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="SK1">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = [[Skellefteå Kraft]]
| url     = https://www.skekraft.se/english_pages/hydropower/#box-no-6
| sprache = en
| titel   = Hydropower – an important part of the future’s energy supply > See which facilities are ours
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="SK2">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = Skellefteå Kraft
| url     = https://www.skekraft.se/om-oss/verksamhet/vattenkraft/#box-no-1
| sprache = sv
| titel   = Vattenkraft – en viktig del av framtidens energi > Se vilka våra anläggningar är
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>

<ref name="VATT">{{Internetquelle
| hrsg    = www.vattenmyndigheterna.se
| url     = https://www.vattenmyndigheterna.se/download/18.4e1a93b016d8b57a91360bbb/1571735959242/Del%202%20%C3%85tg%C3%A4rdsplan%20f%C3%B6r%20Skellefte%C3%A4lvens%20avrinningsomr%C3%A5de.pdf
| sprache = sv
| titel   = Del 2 Åtgärdsplan för Skellefteälvens avrinningsområde
| format  = PDF
| seiten  = 10, 12
| zugriff = 2021-06-27
}}</ref>
</references>

{{Navigationsleiste Wasserkraftwerke am Skellefte älv}}

{{SORTIERUNG:GranforsKraftwerk}}
[[Kategorie:Wasserkraftwerk in Schweden]]
[[Kategorie:Wasserkraftwerk in Europa]]
[[Kategorie:Skellefte älv]]
[[Kategorie:Kraftwerk der Skellefteå Kraft AB]]
[[Kategorie:Wirtschaft (Västerbottens län)|Kraftwerk Granfors]]
[[Kategorie:Bauwerk in der Gemeinde Skellefteå|Kraftwerk Granfors]]
[[Kategorie:Erbaut in den 1950er Jahren|Kraftwerk Krangfors]]

title: Kraftwerk Granfors

Land: Schweden

Ort: Gemeinde Skellefteå

Gewässer: Skellefte älv

Eigentümer: Skellefteå Kraft

Betreiber: Skellefteå Kraft

Engpassleistung: 39 Megawatt

Regelarbeitsvermögen: 207 Millionen kWh/Jahr

Turbinen: 2 Kaplan-Turbinen


text:
# リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバル
リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバル（Richmond Olympic Oval、仏: Anneau olympique de Richmond）はカナダブリティッシュコロンビア州リッチモンドにある体育館。リッチモンド・オーバルとも呼ばれている。建設費は1億7800万カナダドル。

## 概要
五輪でスピードスケート競技会場となるオーバルは2006年11月17日に着工、2008年12月12日に完成。こけら落としのシーズンには五輪リハーサル大会の世界距離別スピードスケート選手権大会が行われた。また、五輪後にはスピードスケート場としては廃止し、地域向けのスポーツ施設に生まれ変わった。一例としてはウィルチェアーラグビー世界選手権大会が開催された。
2009年7月10日には、日本の天皇・皇后が国賓として初めてカナダを公式訪問した際に、リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバルを訪問した。

title: リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバル

wikitext:
{{スタジアム情報ボックス
| スタジアム名称= リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバル
 ''Anneau olympique de Richmond''
| 愛称= Richmond Oval
| 画像= [[ファイル:Richmond Olympic Oval front view 2.jpg|250px]]
| 所在地= {{CAN}}
6111 River Road, [[リッチモンド (ブリティッシュコロンビア州)|リッチモンド]], [[ブリティッシュコロンビア州|BC]]
| 着工= 2006年
| 開場= 2008年
| 建設費= $1億7800万カナダドル<ref name='CTVOval'/>
| 設計者= Cannon Design, Glotman Simpson
| 収容能力 = 8,000
}}
'''リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバル'''（Richmond Olympic Oval、{{lang-fr-short|Anneau olympique de Richmond}}<ref>[http://www.vancouver2010.com/fr/olympique-guide-spectateur/sites/anneau-olympique-de-richmond/ Official Vancouver 2010 website] {{fr}}. Retrieved on 2010-01-15.</ref>）は[[カナダ]][[ブリティッシュコロンビア州]][[リッチモンド (ブリティッシュコロンビア州)|リッチモンド]]にある体育館。リッチモンド・オーバルとも呼ばれている<ref name='CBCOvalOpen'>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/british-columbia/story/2008/12/13/van-richmond-oval-open.html |title=Richmond Olympic Oval opens to public|accessdate=2009-05-22 |publisher=CBC News | date=2008-12-13}}</ref>。建設費は1億7800万カナダドル<ref name='CTVOval'>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctvolympics.ca/about-vancouver/venues/olympic-oval/index.html |title=About Vancouver: Richmond Venues: Richmond Olympic Oval  |accessdate=2009-05-22 |publisher=CTV News}}</ref>。

== 概要 ==
[[2010年バンクーバーオリンピック|五輪]]でスピードスケート競技会場となるオーバルは2006年11月17日に着工<ref name='GlobeOvalStart'>{{cite web |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20061118.BCOLYMPICS18/TPStory/National |title=Construction Starts|accessdate=2006-11-18 |publisher=Globe and Mail}}</ref>、2008年12月12日に完成<ref name='VANOCOvalOpen'>{{cite web |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/en/news/news-releases/-/61802/32566/tusb8j/vanoc-board-of-directors-appro.html |title=VANOC Board of Directors approves revised budget in principle; Jack Poole re-elected as chairman|accessdate=2008-12-10 |publisher=VANOC}}</ref>。こけら落としのシーズンには五輪リハーサル大会の[[世界距離別スピードスケート選手権大会]]が行われた。また、五輪後にはスピードスケート場としては廃止し、地域向けのスポーツ施設に生まれ変わった。一例としては[[ウィルチェアーラグビー]]世界選手権大会が開催された<ref name='CityOval'>{{Cite web |url=http://www.richmond.ca/discover/olympics/oval/oval.htm |title=City of Richmond: Richmond Oval Project Overview |accessdate=2006-06-23 |publisher=City of Richmond |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080818193501/http://www.richmond.ca/discover/olympics/oval/oval.htm |archivedate=2008-08-18 |url-status=dead|url-status-date=2017-09 }}</ref>。

2009年7月10日には、[[日本]]の[[上皇明仁|天皇]]・[[上皇后美智子|皇后]]が国賓として初めてカナダを公式訪問した際に、リッチモンド・オリンピックオーバルを訪問した。{{要出典|date=2018年12月9日 (日) 02:56 (UTC)}}

== 脚注 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 関連項目 ==
*[[オリンピックオーバル]]
*[[ユタ・オリンピックオーバル]]

== 外部リンク ==
*[http://richmondoval.ca 公式サイト]

{{Olympic-stub}}
{{CND-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:りつちもんとおりんひつくおおはる}}
[[Category:カナダのスケートリンク]]
[[Category:ブリティッシュコロンビア州の競技場]]
[[Category:2010年バンクーバーオリンピックの会場]]
[[Category:ブリティッシュコロンビア州リッチモンドのスポーツ]]
[[Category:2008年竣工の建築物]]
[[Category:2008年開設のスポーツ施設]]

title: 施設情報

所在地: カナダ · 6111 River Road, リッチモンド, BC

建設費: $1億7800万カナダドル

設計者: Cannon Design, Glotman Simpson

title: 収容人員


text:
# Ogre Battle 64
Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber is a real-time tactical role-playing game developed by Quest Corporation. The game was published for the Nintendo 64 by Nintendo in Japan and by Atlus in North America. Though conceptually similar to Ogre Battle: The March of the Black Queen, significant gameplay tweaks were implemented to change the game's overall flow. Ogre Battle 64 is the third game in the series, the first two being Ogre Battle: The March of the Black Queen, and Tactics Ogre. Gaiden have been released in Japan, on Game Boy Advance and Neo Geo Pocket Color. Ogre Battle 64 was released in PAL regions for the first time via the Wii Virtual Console in 2010.

## Gameplay

### Unit formations
Ogre Battle is a real-time strategy role-playing game. Magnus, the protagonist, commands a battalion of up to 50 troops. Members of the battalion are sectioned off into units, by the player. Each unit must contain a leader. Any character can be dubbed leader, minus most non-human entities, soldiers and basic classes like the Fighter or Amazon. Gorgons and Saturos are the main exceptions to this rule. Each unit, including the leader, has a maximum of five members. Units are used to battle enemy units, which follow the same structural formation.

### Structure and objectives
The game is divided into several chapters, each chapter serving as a mission with specific objectives outlined by the battalion's adviser, Hugo. Although suggestions for how the battalions units may be mobilized are given, it is not required to follow Hugo's advice so long as the main objective is completed. Most objectives require capturing an enemy stronghold with any unit or defeating a particularly strong unit.

### Battle
Much like other real time tactics games, Ogre Battle 64 has automatic combat between two outfits, however what makes the gameplay unique is that when two parties battle, the screen view switches to an isometric view of a pre-rendered battlefield, which is very reminiscent of typical RPG video game battles. Characters make their attacks in semi-real time, meaning multiple characters act at once. In the battle system, there is a vast array of attacks, critical hits, and parries during the combat situations. The unit is disbanded once each member dies. If at any point Magnus Gallant dies, a game over screen is shown and the game cycles back to the main menu.

### Classes
One of the trademarks of the series is the class system. Each character belongs to a certain class, and the vast majority can be changed into different classes. The classes determine the type of attacks the character can use in battle, what equipment it can carry, as well as effects on the unit's statistics. Many classes are most efficient in certain positions of a unit. All classes are divided into 3 major groups: male, female, and non-human.

## Plot
The story follows Magnus Gallant, a recent graduate of the Ischka Military Academy, and fledgling captain in Palatinus' Southern region, Alba. As civil war erupts in the country, Magnus eventually decides to join the revolution with its leader, Frederick Raskin, first liberating the southern region with the Zenobians' aid, then Nirdam and uniting with them, then returning the Eastern Region of Capitrium to the Orthodox church, and finally marching on the capital of Latium. However, along the way, Magnus' battalion, the Blue Knights, finds its enemies escalating, from the puppet kingdom of Palatinus, to the might of the Holy Lodis Empire, to the Dark Hordes of the Netherworld.
There are three possible Endings determined by the player's Chaos Frame, and within those endings are slight scene variations depending on the characters who joined the player's army. All three possible endings have one thing in common: Frederick dies an untimely death. The Chaotic ending is an ending where Magnus gets expelled from the revolutionary army, because they consider him a "monster" who settles everything by force; realizing that his actions were for naught, he disappears and the people forget about the great general who once saved them, therefore ensuring Palatinus' destruction due to Barbarians. In "Neutral" ending, he is named "General Magnus Gallant, the guardian of Palatinus". The last one is Lawful, after Frederick dies an untimely death, the war against the tribes Of the East of Gallea and Zeteginia, who wanted to invade Palatinus right after Lodis weakened it, attack; Magnus is named: "Magnus Gallant, The Paladian King"; his rule becomes forever to be remembered and his son Aeneas Gallant takes the Throne, following his father's footsteps.

## Development
Following the release of Tactics Ogre in 1995, series creator Yasumi Matsuno began planning for a third Ogre game which would balance the "soft" concepts of Tactics Ogre with the "niche" style of Ogre Battle: The March of the Black Queen. He also wanted to steer series developer Quest Corporation into developing a more mainstream role-playing game. In the event, Matsuno left Quest for Square, going on to develop Final Fantasy Tactics as a spiritual successor to Tactics Ogre. Ogre Battle 64 was the first Ogre title developed by Quest after Matsuno and other staff left for Square. Production began sometime prior to 1997 for Nintendo 64 (N64), at which point it was known only as Ogre Battle Saga. During this stage, the developers were debating whether to release it as a standard cartridge, as a title for the disc-based 64DD, or both. While apparently planned for the 64DD, it later settled into being a standard cartridge-based game. It was credited as having the second-largest N64 cartridge at 320 megabits. It was also the first in the series to use 3D graphics. The characters were designed by Toshiaki Kato. The team created the character models to appear realistic, using 3D graphics to create them. This provided difficulties for the modeling team due to the hardware.

### Music
The music was co-composed by Hayato Matsuo, Masaharu Iwata and Hitoshi Sakimoto, all returning from previous entries in the series. Matsuo had previously held a minor composing role for the original Ogre Battle, but for Ogre Battle 64 he was given a far larger role. For Sakimoto and Iwata, Ogre Battle 64 was their only work for the N64 platform. Sakimoto commented later that he found transferring his music into the N64 sound environment hard due to his lack of knowledge with the hardware. A soundtrack album was released by Datam Polystar in August 1999.

## Release
The game was announced in April 1997 as Ogre Battle 3, with a planned completion date of March 1998. Originally planned to release under that title, the game was officially retitled to Ogre Battle 64 in June 1999. Nintendo became the game's publisher, allowing for a greater marketing scope. It was released in Japan on July 14 the same year. The game was supported by multiple pieces of additional media, published through several different outlets. Six guidebooks were released, including various levels of explanation for levels and mechanics. Additional releases included an artbook featuring designs and illustrations by Kato, who comic anthologies, and a novelization by Hosai Tsuruoka with illustrations by Shirou Ohno.
In North America, the game was localized and published by Atlus USA, who had previously handled Ogre Battle ports for the PlayStation. When translating it, the team decided to keep some of the more mature elements such as swearing, wanting to both stay true to the Japanese original and aim the title at an older audience than typical for the platform. Localization began on the game in December 1999. Compared to the Japanese original, the Western version added the ability to save to a Controller Pak. It was released in North America on October 5, 2000. The Western version shipped in limited quantities, a fact attributed to lack of manufactured chips in the game's cartridge which made it playable. It was later re-released for the Wii through the Virtual Console market place in 2010 by Square Enix, who dissolved Quest Corporation after its predecessor Square bought the company; this marked the title's debut in PAL regions. It was later released through the Virtual Console for the Wii U in 2017.

## Reception
| Aggregator | Score  |
| ---------- | ------ |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |

| Publication               | Score                     |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 8.33/10                   |
| EP Daily                  | 8.5/10                    |
| Famitsu                   | 33/40                     |
| Game Informer             | 9/10                      |
| GameFan                   | (E.M.) 96% 91%            |
| GameSpot                  | 9.1/10                    |
| IGN                       | (2010) 9/10 (2000) 8.8/10 |
| N64 Magazine              | 87%                       |
| Nintendo Life             | [ 36 ]                    |
| Nintendo Power            | 8.3/10                    |
| RPGamer                   | 9/10                      |
| X-Play                    | [ 39 ]                    |

The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 33 out of 40. Nintendo Power gave it a favorable review while the game was still in development. Vicious Sid of GamePro said, "Beneath Ogre Battle 64's intimidating interface and plodding pace lies a wealth of strategy: If you choose to enlist, be sure to pack plenty of patience."
The game won the award for "Best Strategy Game" at GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2000 Awards, and was nominated for the "Best Game No One Played" award, which went to Samba de Amigo. The staff noted that the game's sales had "fallen prey to [its] console of origin, the N64." The game was also nominated for the "Best Console Strategy Game" and "Gamers' Choice: N64" awards at The Electric Playground's Blister Awards 2000, both of which went to Front Mission 3 and Perfect Dark, respectively.
It was rated the 111th best game made on a Nintendo System in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list. Reviewing the Virtual Console re-release, IGN said that it "was (and still is) lordly indeed".
In 2023, Time Extension included the game on their "Best Nintendo 64 Games of All Time" list.

wikiname: enwiki

title: Ogre Battle 64

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{Short description|1999 video game}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Infobox video game
| title = Ogre Battle 64: {{nowrap|Person of Lordly Caliber}}
| image = OgreBattle64.jpg
| caption = North American box art
| developer = [[Quest Corporation]]
| publisher = {{vgrelease|JP|[[Nintendo]]|NA|[[Atlus]]}}
| producer = Makoto Tokugawa
| director = Tatsuya Azeyagi
| designer = Koji Takino
| writer = Tomokazu Momota
| artist = Toshiaki Kato
| programmer = Masaaki Kitagawa
| composer = {{ubl|[[Hayato Matsuo]]|[[Masaharu Iwata]]|[[Hitoshi Sakimoto]]}}
| series = ''[[Ogre Battle]]''
| released = {{vgrelease|JP|July 14, 1999|NA|October 5, 2000}}
| genre = [[Tactical role-playing game|Tactical role-playing]], [[real-time strategy]]
| modes = [[Single-player]]
| platforms = [[Nintendo 64]]
}}
'''''Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber'''''{{efn|{{nihongo||オウガバトル64 Person of Lordly Caliber|Ōga Batoru Rokujūyon: Person of Lordly Caliber}} in Japanese.}} is a [[Real-time strategy|real-time]] [[tactical role-playing game]] developed by [[Quest Corporation]]. The game was published for the [[Nintendo 64]] by [[Nintendo]] in Japan and by [[Atlus]] in North America. Though conceptually similar to ''[[Ogre Battle: The March of the Black Queen]]'', significant gameplay tweaks were implemented to change the game's overall flow. ''Ogre Battle 64'' is the third game in the series, the first two being ''[[Ogre Battle: The March of the Black Queen]]'', and ''[[Tactics Ogre]]''. Gaiden have been released in Japan, on Game Boy Advance and Neo Geo Pocket Color. ''Ogre Battle 64'' was released in PAL regions for the first time via the Wii [[Virtual Console]] in 2010.

==Gameplay==
===Unit formations===
''Ogre Battle'' is a [[Real-time strategy|real-time]] [[Tactical role-playing game|strategy role-playing]] game. Magnus, the protagonist, commands a battalion of up to 50 troops. Members of the battalion are sectioned off into units, by the player. Each unit must contain a leader. Any character can be dubbed leader, minus most non-human entities, soldiers and basic classes like the Fighter or Amazon. Gorgons and Saturos are the main exceptions to this rule. Each unit, including the leader, has a maximum of five members. Units are used to battle enemy units, which follow the same structural formation.<ref name=gamespot>{{cite web | author=Speer, Justin | date=September 15, 1999 | title=Ogre Battle 3 (Import) Review | url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/ogre-battle-3-import-review/1900-2543697/ | website=[[GameSpot]] | publisher=[[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001206051700/http://www.zdnet.com/gamespot/stories/reviews/0,10867,2543697,00.html | archive-date=December 6, 2000 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name=ign>{{cite web | author=Lewis, Cory D. | date=October 5, 2000 | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/10/06/ogre-battle-64-person-of-lordly-caliber | website=[[IGN]] | publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108032813/https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/10/06/ogre-battle-64-person-of-lordly-caliber | archive-date=November 8, 2022 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>

===Structure and objectives===
The game is divided into several chapters, each chapter serving as a mission with specific objectives outlined by the battalion's adviser, Hugo. Although suggestions for how the battalions units may be mobilized are given, it is not required to follow Hugo's advice so long as the main objective is completed. Most objectives require capturing an enemy stronghold with any unit or defeating a particularly strong unit.<ref name=gamespot/>
[[File:Ogre Battle N64.png|thumb|250px|left|A battle taking place in the training room depicts a [[Princess]] and [[Lich]] combining their magical attacks to perform a stronger combined attack.]]

===Battle===
Much like other real time tactics games, Ogre Battle 64 has automatic combat between two outfits, however what makes the gameplay unique is that when two parties battle, the screen view switches to an isometric view of a pre-rendered battlefield, which is very reminiscent of typical [[role playing game|RPG video game]] battles. Characters make their attacks in semi-real time, meaning multiple characters act at once. In the battle system, there is a vast array of attacks, critical hits, and parries during the combat situations. The unit is disbanded once each member dies. If at any point Magnus Gallant dies, a [[game over]] screen is shown and the game cycles back to the main menu.<ref name=gamespot/>

===Classes===
One of the trademarks of the series is the class system. Each character belongs to a certain class, and the vast majority can be changed into different classes. The classes determine the type of attacks the character can use in battle, what equipment it can carry, as well as effects on the unit's statistics. Many classes are most efficient in certain positions of a unit. All classes are divided into 3 major groups: male, female, and non-human.

==Plot==
The story follows Magnus Gallant, a recent graduate of the Ischka Military Academy, and fledgling captain in Palatinus' Southern region, Alba. As civil war erupts in the country, Magnus eventually decides to join the revolution with its leader, Frederick Raskin, first liberating the southern region with the Zenobians' aid, then Nirdam and uniting with them, then returning the Eastern Region of Capitrium to the Orthodox church, and finally marching on the capital of Latium. However, along the way, Magnus' battalion, the Blue Knights, finds its enemies escalating, from the puppet kingdom of Palatinus, to the might of the Holy Lodis Empire, to the Dark Hordes of the Netherworld.

There are three possible Endings determined by the player's Chaos Frame, and within those endings are slight scene variations depending on the characters who joined the player's army. All three possible endings have one thing in common: Frederick dies an untimely death. The Chaotic ending is an ending where Magnus gets expelled from the revolutionary army, because they consider him a "monster" who settles everything by force; realizing that his actions were for naught, he disappears and the people forget about the great general who once saved them, therefore ensuring Palatinus' destruction due to Barbarians. In "Neutral" ending, he is named "General Magnus Gallant, the guardian of Palatinus". The last one is Lawful, after Frederick dies an untimely death, the war against the tribes Of the East of Gallea and Zeteginia, who wanted to invade Palatinus right after Lodis weakened it, attack; Magnus is named: "Magnus Gallant, The Paladian King"; his rule becomes forever to be remembered and his son Aeneas Gallant takes the Throne, following his father's footsteps.

==Development==
Following the release of ''[[Tactics Ogre]]'' in 1995, series creator [[Yasumi Matsuno]] began planning for a third ''Ogre'' game which would balance the "soft" concepts of ''Tactics Ogre'' with the "niche" style of ''[[Ogre Battle: The March of the Black Queen]]''. He also wanted to steer series developer [[Quest Corporation]] into developing a more mainstream role-playing game. In the event, Matsuno left Quest for [[Square (video game company)|Square]], going on to develop ''[[Final Fantasy Tactics]]'' as a spiritual successor to ''Tactics Ogre''.<ref>{{cite web | date=May 22, 2018 | script-title=ja:『FFタクティクス』松野泰己✕『FFXIV』吉田直樹対談──もはやゲームに作家性は不要なのか？企画者に求められるたったひとつの資質とは？ | url=https://news.denfaminicogamer.jp/interview/180522 | language=ja | website=Den Faminico Gamer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526212654/https://news.denfaminicogamer.jp/interview/180522 | archive-date=May 26, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> ''Ogre Battle 64'' was the first ''Ogre'' title developed by Quest after Matsuno and other staff left for Square.<ref>{{cite magazine | title=Frontlines News - 64-Bit Ogres Spotted | url=https://retrocdn.net/images/d/d1/Gamers_Republic_US_04.pdf | magazine=Gamers' Republic | publisher=Millennium Publishing | issue=4 | date=September 1998 | page=14 | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=IGN staff | date=June 19, 2002 | title=Square Completes Acquisition of Quest | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/06/19/square-completes-acquisition-of-quest | website=IGN | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718070717/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/06/19/square-completes-acquisition-of-quest | archive-date=July 18, 2017 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> Production began sometime prior to 1997 for [[Nintendo 64]] (N64), at which point it was known only as ''Ogre Battle Saga''. During this stage, the developers were debating whether to release it as a standard cartridge, as a title for the disc-based [[64DD]], or both.<ref>{{cite web | author=IGN staff | date=January 29, 1998 | title=64DD: The Games | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/01/30/64dd-the-games | website=IGN | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716041542/https://www.ign.com/articles/1998/01/30/64dd-the-games | archive-date=July 16, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> While apparently planned for the 64DD, it later settled into being a standard cartridge-based game.<ref name=newrpg>{{cite web | author=IGN staff | date=April 21, 1997 | title=New RPG On the Way | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1997/04/22/new-rpg-on-the-way | website=IGN | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130191510/https://www.ign.com/articles/1997/04/22/new-rpg-on-the-way | archive-date=November 30, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> It was credited as having the second-largest N64 cartridge at 320 megabits. It was also the first in the series to use 3D graphics.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nintendo.com/n64/ogrebattle3/index.html | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber | website=[[Nintendo]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010330072003/http://www.nintendo.com/n64/ogrebattle3/index.html | archive-date=March 30, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=May 22, 2018}}</ref> The characters were designed by Toshiaki Kato.<ref>{{cite web | script-title=ja:オウガバトル64 | url=http://www.quest-kk.com/main_cont/05_gal/05_gal_og64.html | language=ja | website=[[Quest Corporation]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001007180634/http://www.quest-kk.com/main_cont/05_gal/05_gal_og64.html | archive-date=October 7, 2000 | url-status=dead | access-date=March 12, 2020}}</ref> The team created the character models to appear realistic, using 3D graphics to create them. This provided difficulties for the modeling team due to the hardware.<ref>{{cite web | year=2001 | script-title=ja:タクティクスオウガ 外伝／インタビュー | url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0108/soft03/interv/index.html | language=ja | website=Nintendo Japan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215090129/https://www.nintendo.co.jp/nom/0108/soft03/interv/index.html | archive-date=December 15, 2020 | url-status=dead | access-date=June 19, 2021}}</ref>

===Music===
The music was co-composed by [[Hayato Matsuo]], [[Masaharu Iwata]] and [[Hitoshi Sakimoto]], all returning from previous entries in the series.<ref name="Matsuo"/><ref name="Sakimoto">{{cite web | script-title=ja:Basiscape - 崎元 仁 | url=https://www.basiscape.com/arts_sakimoto.html | language=ja | website=Basiscape | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526144755/https://www.basiscape.com/arts_sakimoto.html | archive-date=May 26, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Iwata">{{cite web | title=Discography | url=http://iwata.cocoebiz.com/discography/index.shtml | website=Masaharu Iwata | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917032238/http://iwata.cocoebiz.com/discography/index.shtml | archive-date=September 17, 2008 | url-status=dead | access-date=March 12, 2020}}</ref> Matsuo had previously held a minor composing role for the original ''Ogre Battle'', but for ''Ogre Battle 64'' he was given a far larger role.<ref name="Matsuo">{{cite web | author=Greening, Chris | date=January 10, 2010 | title=Hayato Matsuo Interview: Dark Orchestral Writing | url=http://www.vgmonline.net/hayatomatsuointerview/ | website=VGMO | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331032338/http://www.vgmonline.net/hayatomatsuointerview/ | archive-date=March 31, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> For Sakimoto and Iwata, ''Ogre Battle 64'' was their only work for the N64 platform.<ref name="Sakimoto"/><ref name="Iwata"/> Sakimoto commented later that he found transferring his music into the N64 sound environment hard due to his lack of knowledge with the hardware.<ref>{{cite web | title=Interviews - Hitoshi Sakimoto | url=http://interviews.rocketbaby.net/interviews_hitoshi_sakimoto_1.html | website=RocketBaby | publisher=Hollow Light Media | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021223010413/http://interviews.rocketbaby.net/interviews_hitoshi_sakimoto_1.html | archive-date=December 23, 2002 | url-status=dead | access-date=March 12, 2020}}</ref> A soundtrack album was released by [[Datam Polystar]] in August 1999.<ref>{{cite web | script-title=ja:Q's WEB 関連商品 - CD | url=http://quest-kk.com/kanren-syohin/goods_cd.html | language=ja | website=Quest Corporation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020613154415/http://quest-kk.com/kanren-syohin/goods_cd.html | archive-date=June 13, 2002 | url-status=dead | access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | year=1999 | script-title=ja:「オウガバトル64」Original Sound Tracks/松尾早人,岩田匡治,崎元仁 | url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000009024830-00 | language=ja | via=National Diet Library | publisher=データム・ポリスター | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524182325/https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000009024830-00 | archive-date=May 24, 2021 | url-status=live | access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref>

==Release==
The game was announced in April 1997 as ''Ogre Battle 3'', with a planned completion date of March 1998.<ref name=newrpg/> Originally planned to release under that title, the game was officially retitled to ''Ogre Battle 64'' in June 1999. [[Nintendo]] became the game's publisher, allowing for a greater marketing scope.<ref>{{cite web | date=June 21, 1999 | script-title=ja:オウガバトル最新作の商品名変更、ならびに発売元変更に関するお知らせ | url=http://quest-kk.com/main_cont/06_press/pre0601_01.html | language=ja | website=Quest Corporation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010210231611/http://quest-kk.com/main_cont/06_press/pre0601_01.html | archive-date=February 10, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=March 12, 2020}}</ref> It was released in Japan on July 14 the same year.<ref>{{cite web | script-title=ja:オウガバトル64 | url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n01/n64/software/nus_p_nobj/index.html | language=ja | website=Nintendo Japan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215074011/https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n01/n64/software/nus_p_nobj/index.html | archive-date=December 15, 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref> The game was supported by multiple pieces of additional media, published through several different outlets. Six guidebooks were released, including various levels of explanation for levels and mechanics. Additional releases included an artbook featuring designs and illustrations by Kato, who comic anthologies, and a novelization by Hosai Tsuruoka with illustrations by Shirou Ohno.<ref>{{cite web | script-title=ja:Q's WEB 関連商品 - オウガバトル64|url=http://www.quest-kk.com/kanren-syohin/goods_book_ogre64.html | language=ja | website=Quest Corporation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020211143456/http://www.quest-kk.com/kanren-syohin/goods_book_ogre64.html | archive-date=February 11, 2002 | url-status=dead | access-date=June 20, 2021}}</ref>

In North America, the game was localized and published by [[Atlus USA]], who had previously handled ''Ogre Battle'' ports for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Atlus CO., LTD. Signs licensing agreement with Quest Corporation for Tactics Ogre on the Sony PlayStation game console | date=June 28, 2000 | url=http://www.atlus.com/TacticsPress.htm | website=Atlus USA | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816071242/http://www.atlus.com/TacticsPress.htm | archive-date=August 16, 2000 | url-status=dead | access-date=December 7, 2020}}</ref><ref name="AtlusIGN"/> When translating it, the team decided to keep some of the more mature elements such as swearing, wanting to both stay true to the Japanese original and aim the title at an older audience than typical for the platform. Localization began on the game in December 1999. Compared to the Japanese original, the Western version added the ability to save to a Controller Pak.<ref name="AtlusIGN">{{cite web | author=Stelter, Brian | date=June 28, 2000 | title=N64's True RPG | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/29/n64s-true-rpg | website=IGN | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313053853/https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/29/n64s-true-rpg | archive-date=March 13, 2017 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> It was released in North America on October 5, 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=October 10, 2000 |title=N64 Games of October |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/10/11/n64-games-of-october |access-date=May 14, 2024 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en}}</ref> The Western version shipped in limited quantities, a fact attributed to lack of manufactured chips in the game's cartridge which made it playable.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mielke, James | date=August 4, 2000 | title=Atlus to Have Less Ogre Than Expected | url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/atlus-to-have-less-ogre-than-expected/1100-2612144/ | website=GameSpot | publisher=Fandom | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010302112049/http://www.zdnet.com/gamespot/stories/news/0,10870,2612144,00.html | archive-date=March 2, 2001 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> It was later re-released for the [[Wii]] through the [[Virtual Console]] market place in 2010 by [[Square Enix]], who dissolved Quest Corporation after its predecessor [[Square (video game company)|Square]] bought the company; this marked the title's debut in PAL regions.<ref>{{cite web | author=van Duyn, Marcel | date=March 24, 2010 | title=Ogre Battle 64 Hits Europe This Friday | url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2010/03/ogre_battle_64_hits_europe_this_friday | website=Nintendo Life | publisher=[[Gamer Network|Hooksot Media]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927202043/https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2010/03/ogre_battle_64_hits_europe_this_friday | archive-date=September 27, 2017 | url-status=live | access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref> It was later released through the Virtual Console for the [[Wii U]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Leendertsen, Jordan | date=February 16, 2017 | title=Rare N64 RPG Ogre Battle 64 Available Now On Wii U Virtual Console | url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2017/02/16/rare-n64-jrpg-ogre-battle-64-available-now-on-wii-u-virtual-console.aspx | magazine=[[Game Informer]] | publisher=[[GameStop]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127003032/https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2017/02/16/rare-n64-jrpg-ogre-battle-64-available-now-on-wii-u-virtual-console.aspx | archive-date=January 27, 2021 | url-status=live | access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| MC = 82/100<ref name=mc>{{cite web | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber | url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/ogre-battle-64/ | website=[[Metacritic]] | publisher=Fandom | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130194826/https://www.metacritic.com/game/ogre-battle-64/ | archive-date=November 30, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| EGM = 8.33/10<ref>{{cite magazine | author1=Mielke, James | author2=Sewart, Greg | author3=Lockhart, Ryan | title=Ogre Battle 64 [Person of Lordly Caliber] | url=https://retrocdn.net/images/c/c0/EGM_US_136.pdf | magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] | publisher=Ziff Davis | issue=136 | date=November 2000 | page=248 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319215008/https://retrocdn.net/images/c/c0/EGM_US_136.pdf | archive-date=March 19, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>{{efn|Three critics of ''[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]]'' gave the game each a score of 7.5/10, 8.5/10, and 9/10.}}
| EPD = 8.5/10<ref>{{cite web | author=Grant, Jules | date=October 24, 2000 | title=Ogre Battle 64 [Person of Lordly Caliber] | url=http://www.elecplay.com/reviews_article.php?article=4238 | website=[[EP Daily|The Electric Playground]] | publisher=Greedy Productions Ltd. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040520020552/http://www.elecplay.com/reviews_article.php?article=4238 | archive-date=May 20, 2004 | url-status=dead | access-date=December 1, 2023}}</ref>
| Fam = 33/40<ref name="fami">{{cite magazine | title=ニンテンドウ64 - オウガバトル64 Person of Lordly Caliber | url=https://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=9615&redirect=no | language=ja | magazine=[[Famitsu]] | publisher=[[Enterbrain]] | volume=915 | date=June 30, 2006 | page=28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615014454/https://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=9615 | archive-date=June 15, 2015 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| GI = 9/10<ref>{{cite magazine | author1=Reppen, Erik | author2=Fitzloff, Jay | author3=Reiner, Andrew | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber | url=https://www.gameinformer.com/reviews/review_detail.cfm?ITEM_ID=4569 | magazine=[[Game Informer]] | publisher=[[FuncoLand]] | issue=90 | date=October 2000 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001209205500/http://www.gameinformer.com/reviews/review_detail.cfm?ITEM_ID=4569 | archive-date=December 9, 2000 | url-status=dead | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| GameFan = (E.M.) 96%<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Mylonas, Eric "ECM" | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber | url=https://archive.org/details/Gamefan_Vol_8_Issue_11/page/n119/mode/2up | magazine=[[GameFan]] | publisher=[[BPA Worldwide|BPA International]] | volume=8 | issue=11 | date=November 2000 | pages=116–17 | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref><br />91%<ref>{{cite magazine | author1=Weitzner, Jason "Fury" | author2=van Stone, Matt "Kodomo" | author3=Ngo, George "Eggo" | title=Ogre Battle 64 [Person of Lordly Caliber] | url=https://archive.org/details/Gamefan_Vol_8_Issue_11/page/n27/mode/2up | magazine=GameFan | publisher=BPA International | volume=8 | issue=11 | date=November 2000 | page=26 | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>{{efn|In ''[[GameFan]]''{{'}}s viewpoint of the game, one critic gave it 90, and the rest gave it each a score of 92.}}
| GSpot = 9.1/10<ref name=gamespot/><ref>{{cite web | author=Speer, Justin | date=October 10, 2000 | title=Ogre Battle 64 Review | url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/ogre-battle-64-review/1900-2638901/ | website=GameSpot | publisher=Fandom | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011121015435/http://gamespot.com/gamespot/stories/reviews/0,10867,2638901,00.html | archive-date=November 21, 2001 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| IGN = (2010) 9/10<ref name=ignwii>{{cite web | author=Thomas, Lucas M. | date=April 16, 2010 | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber Review (Wii) | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/04/16/ogre-battle-64-person-of-lordly-caliber-review | website=IGN | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118071444/https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/04/16/ogre-battle-64-person-of-lordly-caliber-review | archive-date=January 18, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref><br />(2000) 8.8/10<ref name=ign/>
| N64 = 87%<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Kitts, Martin | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Calibre | magazine=[[NGC Magazine|N64 Magazine]] | publisher=[[Future plc|Future Publishing]] | issue=50 | date=January 2001 | pages=58–60}}</ref>
| NLife = {{Rating|10|10}}<ref>{{cite web | author=van Duyn, Marcel | date=March 31, 2010 | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber Review | url=https://www.nintendolife.com/reviews/n64/ogre_battle_64_person_of_lordly_caliber | website=Nintendo Life | publisher=Hookshot Media | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108032821/https://www.nintendolife.com/reviews/n64/ogre_battle_64_person_of_lordly_caliber | archive-date=November 8, 2022 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| NP = 8.3/10<ref name=np>{{cite magazine | title=Ogre Battle 64 | url=https://www.nintendo64ever.com/scans/mags/Scan-Magazine-377-117.jpg | magazine=[[Nintendo Power]] | publisher=[[Nintendo|Nintendo of America]] | volume=135 | date=August 2000 | page=117 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130205751/https://www.nintendo64ever.com/scans/mags/Scan-Magazine-377-117.jpg | archive-date=November 30, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| RPG = 9/10<ref>{{cite web | author=Tidwell, Mikel | date=October 18, 2000 | title=Ogre Battle 64: Person of Lordly Caliber - Review | url=https://archive.rpgamer.com/games/ob/ob64/reviews/ob64strev1.html | website=RPGamer | publisher=[[CraveOnline]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120034741/https://www.rpgamer.com/games/ob/ob64/reviews/ob64strev1.html | archive-date=November 20, 2008 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>
| XPlay = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Keil, Matthew | date=February 2, 2001 | url=http://www.techtv.com/extendedplay/reviews/story/0,23008,3309327,00.html | title=Ogre Battle 64 (N64) Review | website=[[X-Play]] | publisher=[[TechTV]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010808222131/http://www.techtv.com/extendedplay/reviews/story/0,23008,3309327,00.html | archive-date=August 8, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=November 7, 2019}}</ref>
}}

The game received "favorable" reviews according to the [[Review aggregator|review aggregation]] website [[Metacritic]].<ref name=mc/> In Japan, ''[[Famitsu]]'' gave it a score of 33 out of 40.<ref name="fami"/> ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' gave it a favorable review while the game was still in development.<ref name=np/> Vicious Sid of ''[[GamePro]]'' said, "Beneath ''Ogre Battle 64''{{'}}s intimidating interface and plodding pace lies a wealth of strategy: If you choose to enlist, be sure to pack plenty of patience."<ref>{{cite magazine | author=Vicious Sid | title=Ogre Battle 64 [Person of Lordly Caliber] | url=https://retrocdn.net/images/3/36/GamePro_US_146.pdf | magazine=[[GamePro]] | publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]] | volume=146 | date=November 2000 | page=186 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717185751/https://retrocdn.net/images/3/36/GamePro_US_146.pdf | archive-date=July 17, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>{{efn|''[[GamePro]]'' gave the game two 3.5/5 scores for graphics and fun factor, and two 3/5 scores for sound and control.}}

The game won the award for "Best Strategy Game" at ''[[GameSpot]]''{{'}}s Best and Worst of 2000 Awards,<ref>{{cite web | author=GameSpot staff | date=January 5, 2001 | title=Best and Worst of 2000 (Best Strategy Game) | url=http://www.zdnet.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p4_15.html | website=GameSpot | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010124082400/http://www.zdnet.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p4_15.html | archive-date=January 24, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> and was nominated for the "Best Game No One Played" award, which went to ''[[Samba de Amigo]]''. The staff noted that the game's sales had "fallen prey to [its] console of origin, the N64."<ref>{{cite web | author=GameSpot staff | date=January 5, 2001 | title=Best and Worst of 2000 Awards (Best Game No One Played Runners-Up) | url=http://www.zdnet.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p5_06.html | website=GameSpot | publisher=Ziff Davis | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010124090900/http://www.zdnet.com/gamespot/features/video/bestof_2000/p5_06.html | archive-date=January 24, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref> The game was also nominated for the "Best Console Strategy Game" and "Gamers' Choice: N64" awards at ''[[EP Daily|The Electric Playground]]''{{'}}s Blister Awards 2000, both of which went to ''[[Front Mission 3]]'' and ''[[Perfect Dark]]'', respectively.<ref>{{cite web | author=EP staff | year=2001 | title=Blister Awards 2000 (Console Games 2) | url=http://www.elecplay.com/feature.html?id=5130&page=5 | website=The Electric Playground | publisher=Greedy Productions Ltd. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010720222411/http://www.elecplay.com/feature.html?id=5130&page=5 | archive-date=July 20, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=December 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=EP staff | year=2001 | title=Blister Awards 2000 (Gamers' Choice) | url=http://www.elecplay.com/feature.html?id=5130&page=7 | website=The Electric Playground | publisher=Greedy Productions Ltd. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010818093646/http://www.elecplay.com/feature.html?id=5130&page=7 | archive-date=August 18, 2001 | url-status=dead | access-date=December 1, 2023}}</ref>

It was rated the 111th best game made on a Nintendo System in ''Nintendo Power''{{'}}s Top 200 Games list.<ref>{{cite magazine | title=NP Top 200 | magazine=Nintendo Power | publisher=Nintendo of America | volume=200 | date=February 2006 | pages=58–66}}</ref> Reviewing the [[Virtual Console]] re-release, ''[[IGN]]'' said that it "was (and still is) lordly indeed".<ref name=ignwii/>

In 2023, ''Time Extension'' included the game on their "Best Nintendo 64 Games of All Time" list.<ref>{{cite web | author1=McFerran, Damien | author2=Lane, Gavin | date=August 17, 2023 | title=Best Nintendo 64 Games Of All Time | url=https://www.timeextension.com/guides/best-nintendo-64-games-of-all-time | website=Time Extension | publisher=Hookshot Media | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024202514/https://www.timeextension.com/guides/best-n64-games-of-all-time | archive-date=October 24, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=November 30, 2023}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n01/n64/software/nus_p_nobj/index.html}}
* {{moby game|id=/3646/ogre-battle-64-person-of-lordly-caliber/}}

{{Ogre series}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1999 video games]]
[[Category:Atlus games]]
[[Category:Nintendo 64 games]]
[[Category:Nintendo 64-only games]] <!-- VC releases don't take away from platform exclusivity -->
[[Category:Nintendo games]] <!-- Game was published by Nintendo in Japan -->
[[Category:Ogre Battle]]
[[Category:Quest Corporation games]]
[[Category:Real-time strategy video games]]
[[Category:Real-time tactics video games]]
[[Category:Single-player video games]]
[[Category:Square Enix games]]<!-- The Virtual Console releases were published by Square Enix https://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/ogre-battle-64-person-of-lordly-caliber-wii-u/ -->
[[Category:Tactical role-playing video games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Japan]]
[[Category:Video games scored by Hayato Matsuo]]
[[Category:Video games scored by Hitoshi Sakimoto]]
[[Category:Video games scored by Masaharu Iwata]]
[[Category:Video games with pre-rendered 3D graphics]]
[[Category:Virtual Console games for Wii]]
[[Category:Virtual Console games for Wii U]]

Developer(s): Quest Corporation

Publisher(s): - JP: Nintendo - NA: Atlus

Director(s): Tatsuya Azeyagi

Producer(s): Makoto Tokugawa

Designer(s): Koji Takino

Programmer(s): Masaaki Kitagawa

Artist(s): Toshiaki Kato

Writer(s): Tomokazu Momota

Composer(s): - Hayato Matsuo - Masaharu Iwata - Hitoshi Sakimoto

Series: Ogre Battle

Platform(s): Nintendo 64

Genre(s): Tactical role-playing, real-time strategy

Mode(s): Single-player


text:
# コヒレダルマザメ
コヒレダルマザメ Isistius plutodus はヨロイザメ科に属するサメの一種。稀種であり、太平洋と大西洋の深度60-200mから10個体程度が得られている。同属のダルマザメと似ているが、下顎歯がより大きく、首周りの"襟"を欠いている。最大で42cm程度。ダルマザメ同様に大型動物の体表を抉り取るが、本種の噛み跡は楕円形で大きいことで識別できる。IUCNは保全状況を軽度懸念としている。

## 分類
1964年の科学誌 Copeia において、Jack GarrickとStewart Springerによって記載された。記載はメキシコ湾、アラバマ州沿岸の160km南での中層トロール網で得られた42cmの成体雌に基いている。種小名 plutodus はギリシャ語の ploutos ("富"、"豊富") ・ odous ("歯") に由来する。他の英名には bigtooth cookiecutter shark、longtooth cookiecutter shark、Gulf dogfishなどがある。

## 分布
ダルマザメよりも珍しく、世界の数ヶ所から10個体程度の標本しか得られていない。大西洋では米国のアラバマ州、ブラジルのバイーア州、アゾレス諸島、西サハラ、太平洋ではオーストラリアのニューサウスウェールズ州と日本の沖縄から報告がある。陸に近い大陸棚・大陸斜面・海溝などの上、深度60-200mの表層から得られている。本種が稀種であるのは、本来はより大深度に生息することを示唆している可能性がある。

## 形態
長い葉巻型の体と、非常に鈍く短い頭部・吻部を持つ。眼は大きくて楕円形で、両眼視が可能な位置にある。その後方には幅広く傾いた噴水孔がある。鼻孔は小さく、低く尖った前鼻弁がある。口は横に走り、深い皮褶が口角と肉質の唇を覆っている。顎はダルマザメより大きくて強力で、歯列は少なく上顎で29、下顎で19である。上顎歯は小さくて細く縁は滑らかである。中央の歯は立っているが、周縁の歯は口角に向けて傾いている。下顎歯は巨大で、体に対する最大の歯のサイズ比は現生のどのサメよりも大きい。この歯は三角形で、縁は細かい鋸歯状、基部は長方形で左右と結合している。鰓裂は5対で小さい。
背鰭は小さく、先端は丸くて体のかなり後方、1/3以降に位置する。第一背鰭は腹鰭の僅かに前方から起始する。第二背鰭はその後方にあり、第一より1/3ほど大きい。胸鰭は小さくて丸く、第5鰓裂の後方、体の高い位置にある。腹鰭はかなり小さく、臀鰭はない。尾鰭は非常に短く、上葉は下葉の2倍程度の長さでその先端には明瞭な欠刻を持つ。体色は一様に暗褐色で、鰭の縁は半透明となる。腹面には発光器が疎らに散らばる。多くの標本では、ダルマザメが持つような首周りの"襟"を持たないが、2004年にアゾレス諸島で捕獲された個体には存在した。最大で42cmになる。

## 生態
背鰭と尾鰭が小さいため、ダルマザメよりも遊泳力が弱く不活発だと考えられる。体腔の大部分は肝油の詰まった巨大な肝臓で占められ、中性浮力によって水中に浮かぶことができる。ダルマザメと異なって両眼視が可能であり、獲物の位置をより正確に特定できる可能性がある。生活史は不明であるが、おそらくダルマザメ同様に無胎盤性の胎生だと考えられる。
ダルマザメ同様、大型動物の体表を噛み取る外部寄生的な生態を持つ。ダルマザメは、上顎を突き刺した後体を捻り、下顎で肉を丸く抉り取るため獲物の体表には円形の傷跡が残る。これに対し、本種は"掃く"ような動きで抉り取るため、平行な2本の歯型による大きな楕円形の傷跡が残る。攻撃対象としては硬骨魚・サメ・海獣が知られている。ある研究では、バイーア州沿岸におけるクジラ目の半球形傷の80%が本種によるものであった。最も攻撃されるのは面積の広い体側で、頭部、腹部と続く。少なくとも3件、攻撃を受けたイルカが、鰭の可動域が制限されたこと、摂食が困難になったことなどによって座礁して死亡したことが確認されている。この地域ではアナンキョクオットセイを襲うこともあり、少なくとも2個体の幼体が攻撃後に死亡したことが確認されている。

## 人との関わり
カジキなどの重要種に傷をつけると考えられているほかは、水産上の重要性はない。既知の標本は1個体を除いて、全てトロール・延縄漁の混獲で得られている。混獲例が非常に少ないこと、広い分布域を持つと考えられることから、IUCNは保全状況を軽度懸念としている。

title: コヒレダルマザメ

wikitext:
{{生物分類表
| 名称 = コヒレダルマザメ
| 色 = 動物界
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn"/>
| 界 = [[動物界]] {{Sname||Animalia}}
| 門 = [[脊索動物門]] {{Sname||Chordata}}
| 綱 = [[軟骨魚綱]] {{Sname||Chondrichthyes}}
| 目 = [[ツノザメ目]] {{Sname||Squaliformes}}
| 科 = [[ヨロイザメ科]] {{Sname||Dalatiidae}}
| 属 = [[ダルマザメ属]] {{Snamei||Isistius}}
| 種 = '''コヒレダルマザメ''' {{Snamei|I. plutodus}}
| 学名 = {{Snamei|Isistius plutodus}} [[w:Jack Garrick|Garrick]] & [[w:Stewart Springer|Springer]], 1964
| 生息図 = [[画像:Isistius plutodus distmap.png|250px]]
| 生息図キャプション = 分布<ref name="iucn"/>
| 英名 = Largetooth cookiecutter shark
}}

'''コヒレダルマザメ''' {{Snamei|Isistius plutodus}} は[[ヨロイザメ科]]に属する[[サメ]]の一種。稀種であり、[[太平洋]]と[[大西洋]]の深度60-200mから10個体程度が得られている。同属の[[ダルマザメ]]と似ているが、下顎歯がより大きく、首周りの"襟"を欠いている。最大で42cm程度。ダルマザメ同様に大型動物の体表を抉り取るが、本種の噛み跡は楕円形で大きいことで識別できる。[[IUCN]]は[[保全状況]]を[[軽度懸念]]としている。

== 分類 ==
1964年の[[科学誌]] ''Copeia'' において、[[w:Jack Garrick|Jack Garrick]]と[[w:Stewart Springer|Stewart Springer]]によって[[記載]]された。記載は[[メキシコ湾]]、[[アラバマ州]]沿岸の160km南での中層[[トロール網]]で得られた42cmの成体雌に基いている。[[種小名]] ''plutodus'' は[[ギリシャ語]]の ''ploutos'' ("富"、"豊富") ・ ''odous'' ("歯") に由来する<ref name="garrick and springer"/>。他の英名には bigtooth cookiecutter shark、longtooth cookiecutter shark、Gulf dogfishなどがある<ref name="iucn"/>。

== 分布 ==
ダルマザメよりも珍しく、世界の数ヶ所から10個体程度の標本しか得られていない。大西洋では米国の[[アラバマ州]]、ブラジルの[[バイーア州]]、[[アゾレス諸島]]、[[西サハラ]]、太平洋ではオーストラリアの[[ニューサウスウェールズ州]]と日本の[[沖縄]]から報告がある。陸に近い[[大陸棚]]・[[大陸斜面]]・[[海溝]]などの上、深度60-200mの[[表層]]から得られている<ref name="iucn"/>。本種が稀種であるのは、本来はより大深度に生息することを示唆している可能性がある<ref name="compagno"/>。

== 形態 ==
長い葉巻型の体と、非常に鈍く短い頭部・吻部を持つ。眼は大きくて楕円形で、[[両眼視]]が可能な位置にある。その後方には幅広く傾いた[[噴水孔]]がある。[[鼻孔]]は小さく、低く尖った前鼻弁がある。口は横に走り、深い皮褶が口角と肉質の唇を覆っている<ref name="garrick and springer"/>。顎はダルマザメより大きくて強力で<ref name="compagno"/>、歯列は少なく上顎で29、下顎で19である。上顎歯は小さくて細く縁は滑らかである。中央の歯は立っているが、周縁の歯は口角に向けて傾いている<ref name="garrick and springer"/>。下顎歯は巨大で、体に対する最大の歯のサイズ比は現生のどのサメよりも大きい<ref name="mcgrouther"/>。この歯は三角形で、縁は細かい鋸歯状、基部は長方形で左右と結合している。[[鰓裂]]は5対で小さい<ref name="garrick and springer"/>。

[[背鰭]]は小さく、先端は丸くて体のかなり後方、1/3以降に位置する。第一背鰭は[[腹鰭]]の僅かに前方から起始する。第二背鰭はその後方にあり、第一より1/3ほど大きい。[[胸鰭]]は小さくて丸く、第5鰓裂の後方、体の高い位置にある。腹鰭はかなり小さく、[[臀鰭]]はない。[[尾鰭]]は非常に短く、上葉は下葉の2倍程度の長さでその先端には明瞭な欠刻を持つ。体色は一様に暗褐色で、鰭の縁は半透明となる。腹面には[[発光器]]が疎らに散らばる<ref name="garrick and springer"/>。多くの標本では、ダルマザメが持つような首周りの"襟"を持たないが、2004年にアゾレス諸島で捕獲された個体には存在した<ref name="zidowitz et al"/>。最大で42cmになる<ref name="fishbase"/>。

== 生態 ==
背鰭と尾鰭が小さいため、ダルマザメよりも遊泳力が弱く不活発だと考えられる。体腔の大部分は[[肝油]]の詰まった巨大な[[肝臓]]で占められ、[[中性浮力]]によって水中に浮かぶことができる。ダルマザメと異なって両眼視が可能であり、獲物の位置をより正確に特定できる可能性がある<ref name="compagno"/>。生活史は不明であるが、おそらくダルマザメ同様に無胎盤性の[[胎生]]だと考えられる<ref name="fishbase"/>。

ダルマザメ同様、大型動物の体表を噛み取る[[外部寄生]]的な生態を持つ。ダルマザメは、上顎を突き刺した後体を捻り、下顎で肉を丸く抉り取るため獲物の体表には円形の傷跡が残る。これに対し、本種は"掃く"ような動きで抉り取るため、平行な2本の歯型による大きな楕円形の傷跡が残る<ref name="perez-zayas et al"/>。攻撃対象としては硬骨魚・サメ・海獣が知られている<ref name="iucn"/><ref name="compagno"/><ref name="souto et al"/>。ある研究では、バイーア州沿岸における[[クジラ目]]の半球形傷の80%が本種によるものであった。最も攻撃されるのは面積の広い体側で、頭部、腹部と続く。少なくとも3件、攻撃を受けた[[イルカ]]が、鰭の可動域が制限されたこと、摂食が困難になったことなどによって座礁して死亡したことが確認されている<ref name="souto et al"/>。この地域では[[アナンキョクオットセイ]]を襲うこともあり、少なくとも2個体の幼体が攻撃後に死亡したことが確認されている<ref name="souto et al2"/>。

== 人との関わり ==
[[カジキ]]などの重要種に傷をつけると考えられているほかは、水産上の重要性はない<ref name="compagno"/>。既知の標本は1個体を除いて、全てトロール・[[延縄]]漁の[[混獲]]で得られている。混獲例が非常に少ないこと、広い分布域を持つと考えられることから、[[IUCN]]は[[保全状況]]を[[軽度懸念]]としている<ref name="iucn"/>。

== 脚注 ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="compagno">{{cite book |author=Compagno, L.J.V. |date=1984 |title=Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date |place=Rome |publisher=Food and Agricultural Organization |isbn=92-5-101384-5 |page=95–96}}</ref>

<ref name="fishbase">{{fishbase species |genus=Isistius |species=plutodus |month=September |year=2009}}</ref>

<ref name="garrick and springer">{{cite journal |title=''Isistius plutodus'', a New Squaloid Shark from the Gulf of Mexico |author=Garrick, J.A.F.; Springer, S. |journal=Copeia |volume=1964 |issue=4 |date=December 31, 1964 |page=678–682 |doi=10.2307/1441443}}</ref>

<ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2010 |assessors=Kyne, P.M.; Gerber, L.; Sherrill-Mix, S.A. |year=2006 |id=60212 |title=Isistius plutodus |version=2010.4}}</ref>

<ref name="mcgrouther">McGrouther, M. (June 19, 2009). [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Largetooth-Cookiecutter-Shark-Isistius-plutodus/ Largetooth Cookiecutter Shark, ''Isistius plutodus'' Garrick & Springer, 1964]. Australian Museum. Retrieved on September 24, 2009.</ref>

<ref name="perez-zayas et al">{{cite journal |title=Incidental predation by a largetooth cookiecutter shark on a Cuvier’s beaked whale in Puerto Rico |author=Pérez-Zayas, J.J.; Mignucci-Giannoni, A.A.; Toyos-González, G.M.; Rosario-Delestre, R.J.; Williams, E.H., Jr. |journal=Aquatic Mammals |date=2002 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=308–311}}</ref>

<ref name="souto et al">{{cite journal |author=Souto, L.R.A.; Abrão-Oliveira, J.G.; Nunes, J.A.C.C.; Maia-Nogueira, R.; Sampaio, C.L.S. |title=Analysis of cookiecutter shark ''Isistius'' spp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) bites in cetaceans (Mammalia; Cetacea) on the Bahia coast, northeastern Brazil |journal=Biotemas |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |date=March 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="souto et al2">{{cite journal |author=Souto, L.R.A.; Abrão-Oliveira, J.G.; Maia-Nogueira, R.; Dórea-Reis, L.W.|title=Interactions between subantarctic fur seal (''Arctocephalus tropicalis'') and cookiecutter shark (''Isistius plutodus'') in the coast of Bahia, north-east of Brazil |journal=JMBA2 - Biodiversity Records (published online) |date=2008|doi=10.1017/S1755267209000992}}</ref>

<ref name="zidowitz et al">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00382.x |author=Zidowitz, H.; Fock, O.; Pusch C.; von Westernhagen, H. |title=A first record of ''Isistius plutodus'' in the north-eastern Atlantic |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |date=2004 |volume=64 |pages=1430–1434 |issue=5}}</ref>

}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:こひれたるまさめ}}
[[Category:ヨロイザメ科]]
[[Category:発光生物]]

title: コヒレダルマザメ

界: : · 動物界 Animalia

門: : · 脊索動物門 Chordata

綱: : · 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes

目: : · ツノザメ目 Squaliformes

科: : · ヨロイザメ科 Dalatiidae

属: : · ダルマザメ属 Isistius

種: : · コヒレダルマザメ I. plutodus