text:
# 3388 Цангхінчи
3388 Цангхінчи (3388 Tsanghinchi) — астероїд головного поясу, відкритий 21 грудня 1981 року.
Тіссеранів параметр щодо Юпітера — 3,398.

wikiname: ukwiki

title: 3388 Цангхінчи

in_language: uk

wikitext:
{{Планета
| назва = 3388 Цангхінчи
| тип = астероїд
| центр = Сонце
| відкривач = [[Обсерваторія Червона Гора]]
| місце відкриття = [[Обсерваторія Цзицзіньшань]]
| дата відкриття = [[21 грудня]] [[1981]]
| метод відкриття =
| на честь =
| мп_категорія = [[Астероїд головного поясу]]
| альт_назви = '''1981 YR1'''
1977 VZ
1982 AB
| пос_орбіта = <ref name="jpl">{{JPL мале тіло|3388|2014.05.16|2012.09.02}}</ref>
| епоха = [[23 травня]] [[2014]] (2 456 800,5 [[Юліанський день|JD]])
| апоцентр = 2,836649688179 [[Астрономічна одиниця|а. о.]]
| перицентр = 1,890481044212 [[Астрономічна одиниця|а. о.]]
| велика піввісь = 2,363565366195 [[Астрономічна одиниця|а. о.]]
| сер_радіус орбіти =
| ексцентриситет = 0,200157071494
| орбітальний період = 1327,241195937 д
| синодичний період =
| середня швидкість = 0,271239320405 °/д
| середня аномалія = 318,3621932112°
| нахил орбіти = 24,97904630170°
| кутова відстань =
| висх_довгота = 99,00540805010°
| арг_перицентру = 17,37504313270°
| розміри =
| альбедо =
| період обертання = 3,257 год
| стандартна величина = 12,8
| спектр_тип =
}}

'''3388 Цангхінчи''' (3388 Tsanghinchi) — [[астероїд]] [[пояс астероїдів|головного поясу]], відкритий [[21 грудня]] [[1981]] року.

[[Тіссеранів параметр]] щодо [[Юпітер (планета)|Юпітера]] — 3,398.

== Примітки ==
{{Примітки}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Цангхінчи}}

== Див. також ==
* [[Список астероїдів (3301-3400)]]

== Посилання ==
{{Портал|Астрономія}}

* {{Орбіта МП|3388}}
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs Інформація про малі планети на сайті minorplanetcenter.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513034022/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs |date=13 травня 2014 }}{{ref-en}}

{{Навігація малих планет|3387 Greenberg|3389 Sinzot}}

{{Сонячна система}}
[[Категорія:Астрономічні об'єкти, відкриті 1981]]
[[Категорія:Головний пояс астероїдів]]

title: 3388 Цангхінчи

Відкривач: Обсерваторія Червона Гора

Місце відкриття: Обсерваторія Цзицзіньшань

Дата відкриття: 21 грудня 1981

title: Позначення

Названа на честь: Tsang Hin-chid

Категорія малої планети: Астероїд головного поясу

title: Орбітальні характеристики

title: Фізичні характеристики


text:
# 百薩克
百薩克是一位19世紀後期著名的孟加拉作家。他以與麥可·默圖蘇丹·达塔的友誼而聞名。他於1901年之前去世。
他于1890年的論文中發表對游方僧普林格爾的詳盡研究。

wikiname: zhwiki

title: 百薩克

in_language: zh

wikitext:
'''百薩克'''是一位19世紀後期著名的[[孟加拉]]作家。他以與{{le|麥可·默圖蘇丹·达塔|Michael Madhusudan Dutta}}的友誼而聞名。他於1901年之前去世。<ref>{{cite book|title=The Calcutta Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmsoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA124|year=1901|page=124|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-date=2019-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206030829/https://books.google.com/books?id=rmsoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA124|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Chaudhuri2016">{{cite book|author=Rosinka Chaudhuri|title=A History of Indian Poetry in English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iI-9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT90|date=29 March 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-48327-5|pages=90|access-date=2019-01-26|archive-date=2019-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206030829/https://books.google.com/books?id=iI-9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT90|dead-url=no}}</ref>

他于1890年的論文中發表對游方僧[[普林格爾]]的詳盡研究。<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://archive.org/stream/journalasiatics59asia#page/50/ |title=''Notes on a Buddhist Monastery at Bhot Bagan in Howrah'' | journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |pages=50-59 | date=1890 | volume=LIX}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://big5.xjass.cn/ls/content/2013-09/21/content_297280.htm|title=論六世班禪進京前後與東印度公司的交往|author=李若虹|journal=《中國藏學》|date=2013年|issue=1期|access-date=2018-08-07|archive-date=2019-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206030830/http://big5.xjass.cn/ls/content/2013-09/21/content_297280.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==參考文獻==
{{Reflist}}

{{作家小作品}}

[[Category:19世紀作家]]


text:
# Onley
Onley è un comune degli Stati Uniti d'America, situato nello Stato della Virginia, nella Contea di Accomack.

wikiname: itwiki

title: Onley

in_language: it

wikitext:
{{S|centri abitati della Virginia}}
{{Divisione amministrativa
|Nome = Onley
|Nome ufficiale = {{en}} Onley, Virginia
|Panorama =
|Didascalia =
|Bandiera =
|Stemma =
|Stato = USA
|Grado amministrativo = 3
|Tipo = ''[[Comuni degli Stati Uniti d'America|town]]''
|Divisione amm grado 1 = Virginia
|Divisione amm grado 2 = Accomack
|Amministratore locale =
|Partito =
|Data elezione =
|Data istituzione =
|Superficie = 2.1
|Acque interne =
|Note superficie =
|Abitanti = 516
|Note abitanti =
|Aggiornamento abitanti = 2010
|Divisioni confinanti =
|Targa =
|Nome abitanti =
|Patrono =
|Festivo =
|Fuso orario = -5
|Mappa = Accomack County Virginia incorporated and unincorporated areas Onley highlighted.svg
|Didascalia mappa = Localizzazione nella Contea di Accomack
}}
'''Onley''' è un comune degli [[Stati Uniti d'America]], situato nello Stato della [[Virginia]], nella [[Contea di Accomack]].

== Altri progetti ==
{{interprogetto}}

== Collegamenti esterni ==
* {{Cita web|http://www.townofonley.org/|Sito web ufficiale|lingua=en}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}
{{Portale|Stati Uniti d'America}}

[[Categoria:Comuni della Virginia]]

title: Localizzazione

Stato: Stati Uniti

Stato federato: Virginia

Contea: Accomack

title: Territorio

Superficie: 2,1 km²

title: Altre informazioni

title: Cartografia

Cartografia:
Onley
Localizzazione nella Contea di Accomack


text:
# Саль-сюр-л’Эр (кантон)
Саль-сюр-л’Эр (фр. Salles-sur-l'Hers) — кантон во Франции, находится в регионе Лангедок — Руссильон, департамент Од. Входит в состав округа Каркасон.
Код INSEE кантона — 1129. Всего в кантон Саль-сюр-л’Эр входят 14 коммун, из них главной коммуной является Саль-сюр-л’Эр.

## Коммуны кантона
| Коммуна             | Население, чел. (1999) | Почтовый индекс | Код INSEE |
| ------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------- | --------- |
| Барень              | 126                    | 11410           | 11026     |
| Бельфлу             | 80                     | 11410           | 11030     |
| Гурвьей             | 55                     | 11410           | 11166     |
| Кюмьес              | 40                     | 11410           | 11114     |
| Ла-Лувьер-Лораге    | 79                     | 11410           | 11208     |
| Маркен              | 59                     | 11410           | 11218     |
| Мезервиль           | 81                     | 11410           | 11231     |
| Мольвиль            | 76                     | 11410           | 11238     |
| Монторьоль          | 74                     | 11410           | 11239     |
| Пера-сюр-л’Эр       | 177                    | 11410           | 11275     |
| Саль-сюр-л’Эр       | 540                    | 11410           | 11371     |
| Сен-Мишель-де-Ланес | 283                    | 11410           | 11359     |
| Сент-Камель         | 102                    | 11410           | 11334     |
| Фажак-ла-Реланк     | 42                     | 11410           | 11134     |

## Население
Население кантона на 1999 год составляло 1 814 человек.
| 1962  | 1968  | 1975  | 1982  | 1990  | 1999  | 2006 | 2007 |
| ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ---- | ---- |
| 1 783 | 2 027 | 1 777 | 1 709 | 1 621 | 1 814 | -    | -    |

wikiname: ruwiki

title: Саль-сюр-л’Эр (кантон)

in_language: ru

wikitext:
{{другие значения|Саль}}
{{Кантон Франции
|Русское название       = Саль-сюр-л'Эр
|Оригинальное название  = Salles-sur-l'Hers
|Регион                 = Лангедок — Руссильон
|Департамент = Од (департамент){{!}}Од
|Округ = Каркасон (округ){{!}}Каркасон
|Номер = 1129
|Коммуна = Саль-сюр-л’Эр
|Коммун всего = 14
|Дата = 2004—2011
|Глава = Michel Brousse
|Население = 1814
  |Год переписи         = 1999
  |Процент от населения =
  |Место по населению   =
  |Место по плотности   =
  |Национальный состав  =
  |Конфессиональный состав =
|Площадь = 121.69
  |Процент от площади   =
  |Место по площади     =
|Наивысшая точка =
  |Максимальная высота  = 362
  |Средняя высота       = 249
  |Минимальная высота   = 189
|lat_deg = 43|lat_min = 17|lat_sec = 42
 |W ou E = |lon_deg = 1|lon_min = 47|lon_sec = 10
|Карта административной единицы =
 |Размер карты1         =
|Сайт =
}}

'''Саль-сюр-л’Эр''' ({{lang-fr|Salles-sur-l'Hers}}) — [[Кантон (Франция)|кантон]] во [[Франция|Франции]], находится в регионе [[Лангедок — Руссильон]], департамент [[Од (департамент)|Од]]. Входит в состав округа [[Каркасон (округ)|Каркасон]].

[[Код INSEE]] кантона — 1129. Всего в кантон Саль-сюр-л’Эр входят 14 коммун, из них главной коммуной является [[Саль-сюр-л’Эр]].

== Коммуны кантона ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Коммуна !! Население,
чел. ([[1999]]) !! [[Почтовый индекс|Почтовый
индекс]] !! [[Национальный институт статистики и экономических исследований Франции|Код
INSEE]]
|-
| [[Барень]] || align="right" | 126 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11026
|-
| [[Бельфлу]] || align="right" | 80 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11030
|-
| [[Гурвьей]] || align="right" | 55 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11166
|-
| [[Кюмьес]] || align="right" | 40 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11114
|-
| [[Ла-Лувьер-Лораге]] || align="right" | 79 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11208
|-
| [[Маркен (Франция)|Маркен]] || align="right" | 59 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11218
|-
| [[Мезервиль]] || align="right" | 81 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11231
|-
| [[Мольвиль]] || align="right" | 76 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11238
|-
| [[Монторьоль (Од)|Монторьоль]] || align="right" | 74 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11239
|-
| [[Пера-сюр-л’Эр]] || align="right" | 177 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11275
|-
| '''[[Саль-сюр-л’Эр]]''' || align="right" | 540 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11371
|-
| [[Сен-Мишель-де-Ланес]] || align="right" | 283 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11359
|-
| [[Сент-Камель]] || align="right" | 102 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11334
|-
| [[Фажак-ла-Реланк]] || align="right" | 42 || align="center" | 11410 || align="center" | 11134
|}

== Население ==

Население кантона на [[1999 год]] составляло 1 814 человек.

{{Численность населения
|1962 = 1 783
|1968 = 2 027
|1975 = 1 777
|1982 = 1 709
|1990 = 1 621
|1999 = 1 814
|2006 = -
|2007 = -
}}

== См. также ==
* [[Список округов Франции]]

== Ссылки ==
* [http://www.lion1906.com/Pages/ResultatLocalisation.php?InseeVille=110371 Кантон Саль-сюр-л’Эр на карте Франции]{{Недоступная ссылка|date=Март 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/pages2009/pdf/dep11.pdf Население коммун департамента Од на сайте INSEE]

{{ate-stub}}
{{Коммуны округа Каркасон}}
{{Кантоны департамента Од}}

[[Категория:Кантоны департамента Од]]

title: Саль-сюр-л'Эр

Саль-сюр-л'Эр:
фр. Salles-sur-l'Hers
43°17′42″ с. ш. 1°47′10″ в. д.

Страна: Франция

Регион: Лангедок — Руссильон

Департамент: Од

Округ: Каркасон

Центр: Саль-сюр-л’Эр

Советник: Michel Brousse

title: История и география

История и география: Высота

Часовой пояс: UTC+1, летом UTC+2

title: Население

title: Цифровые идентификаторы

Цифровые идентификаторы: Примечания: Площадь указана на основании данных Французского Земельного кадастра, которые не включают эстуарии, озёра, пруды и ледники площадью больше 1 км².


text:
# Port-Royal Abbey, Paris
Port-Royal Abbey (French pronunciation: [pɔʁ ʁwajal]) was an abbey in Paris that was a stronghold of Jansenism. Cistercian nuns moved from the older abbey, Port-Royal-des-Champs, founded in 1204, to Paris and founded Port-Royal-de-Paris in 1626. There were frequent controversies as the sisters struggled against authorities in the church and at court. Some of the sisters returned to the medieval convent. Until it  was dissolved in 1709, the Parisian abbey was highly influential and often in the news. It is today the site of an urban hospital.

## History

### Origins of the Abbey
The buildings that housed the Abbey began as a private mansion. The Hôtel de Clagny was built by Pierre Lescot between 1566 and 1569 in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris. When he died in 1578, Léon Lescot, his nephew, inherited the property. On March 20, 1623, Léon gave Jehan Blondeau, his valet, and his great-nephew Robert de Romain, a cleric in the diocese of Meaux, "the vegetable garden and the gardens commonly called Claigny." By deed of July 19, 1624, Léon exchanged the Hôtel de Clagny with Angélique Arnauld, member of a prominent family of the noblesse du robe  and abbess of Port Royal des Champs, for an annuity of 1,500 livres.

### Cistercian nuns and Jansenism
Angélique Arnauld, then aged 35, took possession of the Hôtel in 1625. The Hôtel de Clagny was remodeled around 1626 to accommodate the Cistercian convent of Port-Royal and thus relieve congestion at the mother house of Port-Royal des Champs in Magny-les-Hameaux in the Chevreuse valley. The church would be blessed in 1648 under the name of the Blessed Sacrament. The Chapel of the Très Saint Sacrement  was built between 1646 and 1648, based on plans by the architect Antoine Lepautre. The cloister was built between 1652 and 1655.
As a result of this purchase, the Cistercian community of nuns was able to leave Port-Royal-des-Champs, thereby alleviating overcrowding and the risks of tuberculosis. In 1626, the abbey left the Cistercian Order and was placed under the authority of the Archdiocese of Paris. Sébastien Zamet, bishop of Langres, was one of the abbey's major advisors at the time and became its ecclesial protector. Angélique Arnauld retired in 1630. In addition to the urban monastery, the nuns established a further house of prayer, namely the Institut du Saint-Sacrement, which was officially recognized by church and state in 1633. It did not survive for long. When it merged again, the nuns of Port-Royal adopted the large red cross on the front of their scapulars. This adapted Cistercian habit became characteristic of Port-Royal.
The original abbey became known as Port-Royal-des-Champs. It was at times deserted, at other times occupied by men attracted to the circles around Port-Royal-de-Paris. They called themselves solitaires. Some of the nuns later returned to Port-Royal-des-Champs, so that by 1648 there were two prioresses (one for each location), but one abbess.
Both of the Port Royal abbeys were hotbeds of Jansenism, which embodied religious and political beliefs that were thought to be contrary to the interests of the monarchy and of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Angelique Arnault's younger brother, Antoine Arnault, was a theologian at the Sorbonne and a prominent Jansenist. He was expelled from the theological faculty for his beliefs. Jansenism was viewed as a threat or even heresy by much of the Roman Catholic hierarchy, especially the Jesuits. Since the Jansenists were also seen as threats to the monarchy, they were targeted by royal power.
The clash between the Jansenists (and, in particular the nuns of Port Royal) and their royal and ecclesiastical opponents lasted several decades. In 1661, the powerful Cardinal Mazarin died and Louis XIV seized full control of the government under the influence of his Jesuit confessor, Annat. In the same year Abbess Angélique died, while Blaise Pascal died in 1662, depriving the community of influential supporters. The Port Royal religious authorities managed to survive an initial serious controversy in the mid-17th century, when they arrived at a shaky truce with Louis XIV in 1669. During this controversy, the nuns of Port Royal were seen as stout defenders of their freedom of thought and they produced influential works on religious and philosophical subjects. In this context, Jansenism, and in particular the contributions of the nuns of Port Royal, influenced Enlightenment thinking in the struggle against royal absolutism and for freedom of conscience.
Despite their considerable influence, the nuns who refused to disavow their Jansenist beliefs were expelled in August 1664 and replaced by the Visitandines until the French Revolution. In the end, the Port Royal religious communities were not able to withstand the combined antipathy of the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. Both Port Royal communities were dissolved by Clement XI in 1709. The buildings of the rural abbey, Port-Royal des Champs, were torn down on orders of the king, but the Parisian abbey was preserved.
The convent of Port-Royal was closed in 1790; it served as a prison from 1790 to 1795 under the name of Port-libre or La Bourbe prison. Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (Louis XVI's lawyer at his trial) and Madame de Tourzel, former governess of Louis XVI's children, were detained there.

### Maternity wards and integration into the Cochin Hospital
From 1793 remains of the abbey were used as a prison under the name Prison de Port-libre or Prison de la Bourbe. Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes (lawyer for Louis XVI during his trial) and Madame de Tourzel, former governess of the "children of France", were held here.

#### Late 18th century
In 1794, the French Convention founded the Maternity Hospital, which it installed in the buildings of the Val de Grâce convent (located in what is now the 5th arrondissement of Paris). The Foundling Hospital, on the parvis of Notre-Dame, was too small and was abandoned. The Maternity Hospital was put into service at Val-de-Grâce on July 13, 1795. A new decree of the Convention on 2 October 1795 converted Val-de-Grâce into a military hospital for the police and transferred the Maternity Hospital to two locations: the convent of Port-Royal in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques, and the Oratory (Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital, originally a possession of the Society of the Oratory of Jesus) in the rue d'Enfer (the future avenue Denfert-Rochereau). On the 17 October 1795, the Maternity Hospital took possession of Port-Royal. The first pregnant women arrived there on 1 August 1796, while the buildings of the Oratory were still being fitted out for the new activity.
The Maternity Hospital at Port Royal fused two services previously located at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris: the service for helping women in childbirth (obstetrics) and the service for combating the abandonment of newborns. Deliveries were shared between Port-Royal and the Hôtel-Dieu until December 1797; from that date, deliveries took place at the Oratory, while Port-Royal housed the breastfeeding section.

#### 19th century
In 1814, the obstetric services were also transferred to Port-Royal, which was officially named the Maternité de Port-Royal.
In 1890, the Baudelocque clinic was created by the Faculty of Medicine of Paris and built in the gardens of the Maternité, to the west of the cloister. Its name recalls the role of Jean-Louis Baudelocque, professor of obstetrics at the end of the 18th century.
In addition to caring for pregnant women in labour, the Baudelocque clinic teaching clinic for medical students and a research center. Among its notable researchers was Adolphe Pinard, who revolutionized obstetric science with his communication on "intra-uterine childcare" (1895). This paper started the practice of consultations for pregnant women. On May 14, 1897, one of the very first radiography laboratories in France was inaugurated at the Clinic, along with that of Antoine Béclère at the Hôpital Tenon.

#### 20th century
During the bombing of Paris, on April 11, 1918, the Baudelocque clinic was hit by a German shell, causing 20 casualties.
In addition to being a department dedicated to childbirth enhanced by a consultation service, the Clinic's obstetrical clinic became a teaching center for medical students and a research center. New buildings were built from 1922 to 1929.
In the early 1950s, pediatrician and neonatologist Alexandre Minkowski created the first care center for premature babies at the Baudelocque maternity hospital. In 1955, alongside this clinical service, the "Biology of fetal and neonatal development" research laboratory of the INH/Claude-Bernard association was created, which became Inserm Research Unit 29 in 1964.
From 1960, two Baudelocque and Port-Royal maternities kept joint admission registers and were gradually attached to the Cochin hospital, forming part of the same hospital group.
In 1966, the Port-Royal Maternity Hospital was moved to new buildings. The cloister, chapel and chapter house of the former abbey were preserved and integrated into the Cochin hospital. The cloister currently houses the hospital administrationospital administration. Also in 1966, Alexandre Minkowski created the first intensive care and neonatology department in the Port-Royal building, a department that now bears his name.
The Baudelocque clinic buildings were demolished in 2007.

## Current uses and legacy
Today the Abbey's main cloister forms part of the modern Hôpital Cochin.
The details of monastic life at the abbey often inspired painters (Philippe de Champaigne and Louise Magdeleine Hortemels) and writers (Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve). In 1954, Henry de Monthernant published a play called Port Royal.
The building has been listed as a French historical monument. By a decree of October 19, 1928, the facades of the buildings surrounding the chapel were listed and, by a decree of October 24, 1933, the chapel, the nuns' choir, the facades and roofs of the administration pavilion, the cloister and its area, the former chapter house were classified as historic monuments.

wikiname: enwiki

title: Port-Royal Abbey, Paris

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{Short description|Christian monastery in France, 1204–1709}}
[[File:Cloitre de Port-Royal.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Cloister of the Port-Royal Abbey, now part of the [[Hôpital Cochin|Cochin Hospital]]]]
'''Port-Royal Abbey''' ({{IPA|fr|pɔʁ ʁwajal}}) was an [[abbey]] in [[Paris]] that was a stronghold of [[Jansenism]]. Cistercian nuns moved from the older abbey, [[Port-Royal-des-Champs]], founded in 1204, to Paris and founded Port-Royal-de-Paris in 1626. There were frequent controversies as the sisters struggled against authorities in the church and at court. Some of the sisters returned to the medieval convent. Until it  was dissolved in 1709, the Parisian abbey was highly influential and often in the news. It is today the site of an urban hospital.

==History==

=== Origins of the Abbey ===
The buildings that housed the Abbey began as a private mansion. The ''Hôtel de Clagny'' was built by [[Pierre Lescot]] between 1566 and 1569 in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris. When he died in 1578, Léon Lescot, his nephew, inherited the property. On March 20, 1623, Léon gave Jehan Blondeau, his valet, and his great-nephew Robert de Romain, a cleric in the diocese of Meaux, "the vegetable garden and the gardens commonly called Claigny." By deed of July 19, 1624, Léon exchanged the Hôtel de Clagny with [[Marie Angélique Arnauld|Angélique Arnauld]], member of a prominent family of the [[Nobles of the Robe|''noblesse du robe'']]  and abbess of Port Royal des Champs, for an annuity of 1,500 livres.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Plazene |first=Laurence |title=Port-Royal |publisher=Flammarion |year=2012 |isbn=9782081286177 |pages=11}}</ref>

=== Cistercian nuns and Jansenism ===
[[File:Paris chapelle de port royal ext.jpg|thumb|The Chapelle du Très Saint Sacrement]]
Angélique Arnauld, then aged 35, took possession of the Hôtel in 1625. The ''Hôtel de Clagny'' was remodeled around 1626 to accommodate the Cistercian convent of Port-Royal and thus relieve congestion at the mother house of [[Port-Royal-des-Champs|Port-Royal des Champs]] in [[Magny-les-Hameaux]] in the [[Vallée de Chevreuse|Chevreuse valley]].<ref>{{Citation |last=McKenna |first=Antony |title=Port-Royal |date=2016 |url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/port-royal/v-1 |access-date=2024-11-03 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-da063-1 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 |encyclopedia=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The church would be blessed in 1648 under the name of the Blessed Sacrament. The Chapel of the ''Très Saint Sacrement''  was built between 1646 and 1648, based on plans by the architect Antoine Lepautre. The cloister was built between 1652 and 1655.<ref>Panneau Histoire de Paris, 119-125 boulevard de Port-Royal.</ref>
[[File:Marie Parrocel - Madame de Montpeyroux, abbesse de Port-Royal de Paris, 14ème arrondissement - P2136 - Musée Carnavalet.jpg|thumb|Madame de Montpeyroux, abbess of Port-Royal Abbey, Paris, wearing the habit of the nuns of Port Royal]]
As a result of this purchase, the Cistercian community of nuns was able to leave Port-Royal-des-Champs, thereby alleviating overcrowding and the risks of tuberculosis. In 1626, the abbey left the Cistercian Order and was placed under the authority of the Archdiocese of Paris.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Kostroun |first=Daniella |date=2003 |title=A Formula for Disobedience: Jansenism, Gender, and the Feminist Paradox |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/380236 |journal=The Journal of Modern History |language=en |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=483–522 |doi=10.1086/380236 |issn=0022-2801|hdl=1805/15187 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> [[Sébastien Zamet (born 1588)|Sébastien Zamet]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres|Langres]], was one of the abbey's major advisors at the time and became its ecclesial protector.<ref name=":1" /> Angélique Arnauld retired in 1630.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Romanes |first=Ethel Duncan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XadlAAAAMAAJ&q=1630 |title=The Story of Port Royal |date=1907 |publisher=E.P. Dutton |pages=59 |language=en}}</ref> In addition to the urban monastery, the nuns established a further house of prayer, namely the ''Institut du Saint-Sacrement'', which was officially recognized by church and state in 1633. It did not survive for long. When it merged again, the nuns of Port-Royal adopted the large red cross on the front of their scapulars.<ref name=":1" /> This adapted Cistercian habit became characteristic of Port-Royal.

The original abbey became known as [[Port-Royal-des-Champs]]. It was at times deserted, at other times occupied by men attracted to the circles around Port-Royal-de-Paris. They called themselves solitaires.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Romanes |first=Ethel Duncan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XadlAAAAMAAJ&dq=solitaires+port+royal&pg=PA154 |title=The Story of Port Royal |date=1907 |publisher=E.P. Dutton |pages=155 |language=en}}</ref> Some of the nuns later returned to Port-Royal-des-Champs, so that by 1648 there were two prioresses (one for each location), but one abbess.

Both of the Port Royal abbeys were hotbeds of Jansenism, which embodied religious and political beliefs that were thought to be contrary to the interests of the monarchy and of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Angelique Arnault's younger brother, [[Antoine Arnauld|Antoine Arnault]], was a theologian at the Sorbonne and a prominent Jansenist. He was expelled from the theological faculty for his beliefs.<ref name=":4" /> Jansenism was viewed as a threat or even heresy by much of the [[Catholic hierarchy|Roman Catholic hierarchy]], especially the Jesuits. Since the Jansenists were also seen as threats to the monarchy, they were targeted by royal power.
[[File:Cornelius Jansen, Evêque d'Ypres (1585-1638).png|thumb|[[Cornelius Jansen]] (1585–1638), after whom Jansenism is named]]
The clash between the Jansenists (and, in particular the nuns of Port Royal) and their royal and ecclesiastical opponents lasted several decades. In 1661, the powerful [[Cardinal Mazarin]] died and [[Louis XIV]] seized full control of the government under the influence of his [[Jesuit]] confessor, Annat. In the same year Abbess Angélique died, while [[Blaise Pascal]] died in 1662, depriving the community of influential supporters. The Port Royal religious authorities managed to survive an initial serious controversy in the mid-17th century, when they arrived at a shaky truce with Louis XIV in 1669. During this controversy, the nuns of Port Royal were seen as stout defenders of their freedom of thought and they produced influential works on religious and philosophical subjects.<ref name=":4" /> In this context, Jansenism, and in particular the contributions of the nuns of Port Royal, influenced [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] thinking in the struggle against royal absolutism and for freedom of conscience.

Despite their considerable influence, the nuns who refused to disavow their Jansenist beliefs were expelled in August 1664 and replaced by the [[Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary|Visitandines]] until the [[French Revolution]]. In the end, the Port Royal religious communities were not able to withstand the combined antipathy of the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. Both Port Royal communities were dissolved by [[Pope Clement XI|Clement XI]] in 1709.<ref name=":4" /> The buildings of the rural abbey, Port-Royal des Champs, were torn down on orders of the king, but the Parisian abbey was preserved.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Casey |first=Michael |title=The Cistercian Order since 1600 |date=2012-11-22 |work=The Cambridge Companion to the Cistercian Order |pages=50–62 |editor-last=Birkedal Bruun |editor-first=Mette |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CCO9780511735899A013/type/book_part |access-date=2024-11-03 |edition=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cco9780511735899.006 |isbn=978-1-107-00131-2|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The convent of Port-Royal was closed in 1790; it served as a prison from 1790 to 1795 under the name of Port-libre or La Bourbe prison. [[Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes|Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes]] (Louis XVI's lawyer at his trial) and [[Madame de Tourzel]], former governess of Louis XVI's children, were detained there.

=== Maternity wards and integration into the Cochin Hospital ===
From 1793 remains of the abbey were used as a prison under the name '''Prison de Port-libre''' or '''Prison de la Bourbe'''. [[Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes]] (lawyer for [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] during his trial) and [[Louise-Elisabeth, Marquise de Tourzel|Madame de Tourzel]], former governess of the "[[Fils de France|children of France]]", were held here.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barnard |first=Howard Clive |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZxDAAAAIAAJ&dq=Prison+de+la+Bourbe+port+royal&pg=PA9 |title=The Little Schools of Port-Royal |date=1913 |publisher=University Press |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Late 18th century ====
[[File:Paris 2021 - hopital de Port-Royal 13.jpg|thumb|A wing of the cloisters in Port-Royal-de-Paris]]In 1794, the [[French Convention]] founded the Maternity Hospital, which it installed in the buildings of the Val de Grâce convent (located in what is now the [[5th arrondissement of Paris]]). The Foundling Hospital, on the parvis of Notre-Dame, was too small and was abandoned. The Maternity Hospital was put into service at Val-de-Grâce on July 13, 1795. A new decree of the Convention on 2 October 1795 converted Val-de-Grâce into a military hospital for the police and transferred the Maternity Hospital to two locations: the convent of Port-Royal in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques, and the Oratory (Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital, originally a possession of the Society of the Oratory of Jesus) in the rue d'Enfer (the future avenue Denfert-Rochereau). On the 17 October 1795, the Maternity Hospital took possession of Port-Royal. The first pregnant women arrived there on 1 August 1796, while the buildings of the Oratory were still being fitted out for the new activity.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hucherard, Sausseret and Girault |first=Conseil général de l'administration des hospices de Paris Auteur du |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63809964/f19.item.texteImage |title=Mémoire historique et instructif sur l'hospice de la Maternité. |date=1808 |language=EN}}</ref>

The Maternity Hospital at Port Royal fused two services previously located at the [[Hôtel-Dieu, Paris|Hôtel-Dieu]] in Paris: the service for helping women in childbirth ([[obstetrics]]) and the service for combating the abandonment of newborns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sage Pranchère |first=Nathalie |url=https://books.openedition.org/pufr/13172 |title=L’école des sages-femmes : Naissance d’un corps professionnel, 1786-1917 |date=2017 |publisher=Presses universitaires François-Rabelais |isbn=978-2-86906-611-3 |series=Perspectives Historiques |location=Tours |pages=109-155 |language=fr}}</ref> Deliveries were shared between Port-Royal and the Hôtel-Dieu until December 1797; from that date, deliveries took place at the Oratory, while Port-Royal housed the breastfeeding section.<ref name=":2" />

==== 19th century ====
[[File:Port Royal Maternité.jpg|thumb|240x240px|The Port-Royal Maternité]]
In 1814, the obstetric services were also transferred to Port-Royal, which was officially named the ''Maternité de Port-Royal.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternité de Port-Royal |url=https://francearchives.gouv.fr/fr/findingaid/d1437a9e1cdc680ca9ba343fc454520ab4696625 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=FranceArchives |language=fr}}</ref>

In 1890, the Baudelocque clinic was created by the Faculty of Medicine of Paris and built in the gardens of the Maternité, to the west of the cloister. Its name recalls the role of [[Jean-Louis Baudelocque]], professor of obstetrics at the end of the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean-Louis BAUDELOCQUE (1745-1810) |url=https://www.medarus.org/Medecins/MedecinsTextes/baudelocque_jl.htm |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=www.medarus.org}}</ref>

In addition to caring for pregnant women in labour, the Baudelocque clinic teaching clinic for medical students and a research center. Among its notable researchers was Adolphe Pinard, who revolutionized obstetric science with his communication on "intra-uterine childcare" (1895). This paper started the practice of consultations for pregnant women.<ref name=":3" /> On May 14, 1897, one of the very first radiography laboratories in France was inaugurated at the Clinic, along with that of Antoine Béclère at the [[Hôpital Tenon]].

==== 20th century ====
[[File:1918 Obus maternité Baudelocque.jpg|thumb|Maternity ward bombed by the Germans in 1918]]
During the bombing of Paris, on April 11, 1918, the Baudelocque clinic was hit by a German shell, causing 20 casualties.

In addition to being a department dedicated to childbirth enhanced by a consultation service, the Clinic's obstetrical clinic became a teaching center for medical students and a research center. New buildings were built from 1922 to 1929.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Clinique Baudelocque |url=https://francearchives.gouv.fr/fr/findingaid/8871d53ab7e7c3f48ca5e6e59e6fe0b3ff3c6d09 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=FranceArchives |language=fr}}</ref>

In the early 1950s, pediatrician and neonatologist Alexandre Minkowski created the first care center for premature babies at the Baudelocque maternity hospital. In 1955, alongside this clinical service, the "Biology of fetal and neonatal development" research laboratory of the INH/Claude-Bernard association was created, which became Inserm Research Unit 29 in 1964.

From 1960, two Baudelocque and Port-Royal maternities kept joint admission registers and were gradually attached to the Cochin hospital, forming part of the same hospital group.

In 1966, the Port-Royal Maternity Hospital was moved to new buildings. The cloister, chapel and chapter house of the former abbey were preserved and integrated into the Cochin hospital. The cloister currently houses the hospital administrationospital administration. Also in 1966, [[Alexandre Minkowski]] created the first intensive care and neonatology department in the Port-Royal building, a department that now bears his name.

The Baudelocque clinic buildings were demolished in 2007.<ref name=":3" />

== Current uses and legacy ==
[[File:Cloitre de Port-Royal Paris, Cochin.JPG|thumb|Another view of the cloister of the Abbey of Port Royal, now part of the [[Hôpital Cochin|Hospital Cochin]] in Paris ]]Today the Abbey's main [[cloister]] forms part of the modern [[Hôpital Cochin]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bacha |first=Myriam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5uH_EAAAQBAJ&dq=H%C3%B4pital+Cochin+port+royal+histoire&pg=PA65 |title=Le 14e arrondissement : itinéraires d'histoire et d'architecture |date=1999-01-01 |publisher=FeniXX |isbn=978-2-402-40529-4 |pages=65 |language=fr}}</ref>

The details of monastic life at the abbey often inspired painters ([[Philippe de Champaigne]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marin |first=Louis |date=1970 |title=Signe et représentation: Philippe de Champaigne et Port-Royal |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27577482 |journal=Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=1–29 |doi=10.3406/ahess.1970.422197 |jstor=27577482 |issn=0395-2649|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and [[Louise-Magdeleine Horthemels|Louise Magdeleine Hortemels]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Map of Port-Royal-des-Champs Abbey by Louise-Magdeleine Horthemels] (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection) |url=https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/104KKS |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection |language=en}}</ref>) and writers ([[Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve, by George McLean Harper ... |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnw9iz&seq=9 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> In 1954, [[Henry de Montherlant|Henry de Monthernant]] published a play called ''Port Royal''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Weaver |first=F. Ellen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxiTiTOk820C&dq=Montherlant+port+royal&pg=PA25 |title=The Reform of Port Royal. From the Rule of Cîteaux to Jansenism |date=1978 |publisher=Editions Beauchesne |isbn=978-2-7010-0104-3 |pages=25, 62 |language=en}}</ref>

The building has been listed as a French historical monument. By a decree of October 19, 1928, the facades of the buildings surrounding the chapel were listed and, by a decree of October 24, 1933, the chapel, the nuns' choir, the facades and roofs of the administration pavilion, the cloister and its area, the former chapter house were classified as historic monuments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancienne abbaye de Port-Royal, actuel Hôpital Cochin |url=https://pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00086606 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=pop.culture.gouv.fr}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Commons category|Abbaye de Port-Royal de Paris}}

* Parts of this article are translated from the French Wikipedia article, [[:fr:Abbaye de Port-Royal de Paris]]'''.'''
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|48|50|19|N|2|20|18|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=title}}

[[Category:1626 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Office buildings in Paris]]
[[Category:Cistercian nunneries in France]]
[[Category:Defunct prisons in Paris]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in the 14th arrondissement of Paris]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries in Paris]]


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# Дугі-Оток
Дугі-Оток (хорв. Dugi Otok, італ. Isola Lunga -Довгий острів) - острів у Хорватії, в центральній частині Далмації.

## Географія
Площа острова - 114,44 км ², довжина - 45 км, ширина близько 5 км. Довжина берегової лінії - 170,7 км. Найвища точка острова - гора Вела Варта (337 м).
Дугі-Оток - найбільший і найвіддаленіший від берега острів центральній Далмації. Він лежить навпроти Задара, відділений від материкового узбережжя островами Углян та Пашман. Острів витягнутий вузькою смугою з північного заходу на південний схід, як і більшість островів центральної Далмації. Форма острова дала йому ім'я - по-хорватськи «Дугі-Оток» означає «довгий острів».
Населення острова 1772 людини (2001 рік), яке проживає в 12 прибережних селищах. Найбільші з них - Велі Рат (Veli Rat) і Божава (Božava) на півночі острова, Брбінь (Brbinj) у центральній частині, Заглав (Zaglav) і Салі (Sali) - в південній. Найбільший населений пункт - Салі.
Від сусідніх островів Дугі-Оток відділений морськими протоками: на схід лежать острови Рава, Углян та Пашман; на південний схід острів Корнат, найбільший з архіпелагу Корнати, оголошеного національним парком. Від Дугі-Отока Корнат відокремлений вузькою протокою. У південній частині Дугі-Отока навколо бухти Телашчіца розташований однойменний природний парк.
Острів пов'язаний з Задаром поромними лініями. Пороми пристають до острова в селищах Салі, Заглав і Брбінь. Основне заняття місцевого населення - туристичний сервіс, рибний промисел, виноградарство, вирощування олив.

## Історія
Острів був заселений з найглибших часів, що доводять археологічні пам'ятники часів палеоліту, а також могильні кургани та залишки поселень іллірійців. В  III столітті до н. е. Дугі Оток разом з усією Іллірією перейшов під контроль Риму.
В X ст.  острів згаданий в візантійських джерелах під назвою Пізух. Проте вже в XI ст.  острів змінює свою назву на Тілагус. Поступово це ім'я перейшло на велику південну бухту острова і дійшло до наших днів як Телашчіца.
В Середні віки острів, як і вся Далмація належав Венеції. Після падіння венеційської республіки в 1797 р. острів став належати Австрії. Після першої світової війни він увійшов до складу Югославії. Після розпаду останньої в 1990 р. острів став частиною незалежної Хорватії.

## Пам'ятки
- Природний парк Телашчіца. Парк займає південну частину острова, що примикає до великої бухти Телашчіца, а також 13 довколишніх маленьких острівців. Загальна площа парку разом з морською територією - 70,5 км ². Бухта Телашчіца - одна з найбільших і найкрасивіших бухт на хорватських островах. Особливою визначною пам'яткою парку є прямовисні скелі на морському березі, в яких гніздиться безліч птахів. Солоне озеро Світ, також розташоване на території парку, відоме своїм цілющим мулом.
- Печера Страшна Піч (Strašna peć ). Відкрита в 1898 р. Найбільша карстова печера острова.
- Собор Вознесіння Діви Марії в Салі. Початковий храм був побудований в IX століття е. В 1465 р. на його місці збудовано новий.
- Церква св. Пелегрінав Саварен. Ймовірно найстаріша споруда на острові. Хоча дата споруди є предметом диспуту, більшість вчених вважають, що вона побудована до IX століття.
- Маяк Велі Рат. Найбільший маяк на Адріатиці (42 метри) з більш ніж 150-річною історією.

title: Дугі-Оток

wikitext:
{{Острів
|Назва             = Дугі-Оток
|Місцева назва     = {{lang-hr|Dugi Otok}}
|Карта             = Croatia - Dugi Otok.PNG
|Карта розмір      = 300px
|Карта підпис      =
|Зображення        = Isola Lunga.JPG
|Зображення розмір = 300px
|Зображення підпис = Західний берег острова
|Місце             = [[Адріатичне море]]
|Координати        = {{coord|44|05|N|15|01|E|display=inline,title}}
|Площа = 114.44
|Висота = Гора Вела Варта, 337
|Країна = {{Країна з прапорцем|CRO}}
|Карта розташування =
|розмір карти = <!--300-->
|Прапор =
|Область = [[Задарська жупанія]]
|Населення = {{formatnum:1772}}
|Рік = 2001
|Вебсайт =
}}

'''Дугі-Оток''' ({{lang-hr|Dugi Otok}}, {{lang-it|Isola Lunga}} -''Довгий острів'') - острів у [[Хорватія|Хорватії]], в центральній частині [[Далмація|Далмації]].

== Географія ==
[[Файл: Sali Croatia.JPG|thumb|left|Селище Салі]]
Площа острова - 114,44 км ², довжина - 45 км, ширина близько 5 км. Довжина берегової лінії - 170,7 км. Найвища точка острова - гора Вела Варта (337 м)<ref name="stat">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2005/01-tab.pdf |title=Центральне бюро статистики Хорватії |accessdate=10 липня 2011 |archive-date=4 червня 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68A5v71ud?url=http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2005/01-tab.pdf }}</ref>.

Дугі-Оток - найбільший і найвіддаленіший від берега острів центральній Далмації. Він лежить навпроти [[Задар]]а, відділений від материкового узбережжя островами [[Углян]] та [[Пашман]]. Острів витягнутий вузькою смугою з північного заходу на південний схід, як і більшість островів центральної Далмації. Форма острова дала йому ім'я - по-хорватськи «Дугі-Оток» означає «довгий острів».

Населення острова 1772 людини (2001 рік), яке проживає в 12 прибережних селищах. Найбільші з них - Велі Рат (Veli Rat) і Божава (Božava) на півночі острова, Брбінь (Brbinj) у центральній частині, Заглав (Zaglav) і Салі (Sali) - в південній. Найбільший населений пункт - Салі.

Від сусідніх островів Дугі-Оток відділений морськими протоками: на схід лежать острови [[Рава (острів)|Рава]], [[Углян]] та [[Пашман]]; на південний схід острів Корнат, найбільший з архіпелагу [[Корнати]], оголошеного національним парком. Від Дугі-Отока Корнат відокремлений вузькою протокою. У південній частині Дугі-Отока навколо бухти Телашчіца розташований однойменний природний парк.

Острів пов'язаний з Задаром поромними лініями. Пороми пристають до острова в селищах Салі, Заглав і Брбінь. Основне заняття місцевого населення - туристичний сервіс, рибний промисел, виноградарство, вирощування олив.

== Історія ==
[[Файл: Telascica1.JPG|thumb|right|Бухта Телашчіца]]
[[Файл: Dugi-otok-lake-2.JPG|thumb|right|Озеро Мир]]
Острів був заселений з найглибших часів, що доводять археологічні пам'ятники часів [[палеоліт]]у, а також могильні кургани та залишки поселень [[іллірійці|іллірійців]]. В [[III століття до н. е.| III столітті до н. е.]] Дугі Оток разом з усією [[Іллірія|Іллірією]] перейшов під контроль [[Римська імперія|Риму]].

В [[X ст.]]  острів згаданий в [[Візантія|візантійських]] джерелах під назвою Пізух. Проте вже в [[XI ст.]]  острів змінює свою назву на Тілагус. Поступово це ім'я перейшло на велику південну бухту острова і дійшло до наших днів як Телашчіца.

В [[Середні віки]] острів, як і вся Далмація належав [[Венеція|Венеції]]. Після падіння венеційської республіки в [[1797]] р. острів став належати [[Австрія|Австрії]]. Після [[перша світова війна|першої світової війни]] він увійшов до складу [[Югославія|Югославії]]. Після розпаду останньої в [[1990]] р. острів став частиною незалежної [[Хорватія|Хорватії]].

== Пам'ятки ==

* [[Телашчіца |'''Природний парк Телашчіца''']]. Парк займає південну частину острова, що примикає до великої бухти Телашчіца, а також 13 довколишніх маленьких острівців. Загальна площа парку разом з морською територією - 70,5 км ². Бухта Телашчіца - одна з найбільших і найкрасивіших бухт на хорватських островах. Особливою визначною пам'яткою парку є прямовисні скелі на морському березі, в яких гніздиться безліч птахів. Солоне озеро Світ, також розташоване на території парку, відоме своїм цілющим мулом.
*'''Печера Страшна Піч (Strašna peć )'''. Відкрита в [[1898]] р. Найбільша карстова печера острова.
*'''Собор Вознесіння Діви Марії''' в Салі. Початковий храм був побудований в [[IX століття]] е. В [[1465]] р. на його місці збудовано новий.
*'''Церква св. Пелегріна'''в Саварен. Ймовірно найстаріша споруда на острові. Хоча дата споруди є предметом диспуту, більшість вчених вважають, що вона побудована до IX століття.
*'''Маяк Велі Рат'''. Найбільший маяк на Адріатиці (42 метри) з більш ніж 150-річною історією.

== Примітки ==
{{Примітки}}

== Посилання ==
* [http://www.dugiotok.hr Сайт острова] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316193733/https://www.dugiotok.hr/ |date=16 березня 2022 }}

{{Острови Хорватії}}
[[Категорія:Острови Адріатичного моря]]

[[Категорія:Острови Хорватії]]
[[Категорія:Задарська жупанія]]

title: хорв. Dugi Otok

хорв. Dugi Otok:
Західний берег острова
Карта ·

title: Географія

Місцерозташування: Адріатичне море

Акваторія: Адріатичне море

Група островів: Dalmatian Archipelagod

Найвища точка: Гора Вела Варта, 337 м

title: Країна

Країна:
Хорватія
Дугі-ОтокДугі-Оток (Хорватія)
Дугі-Оток у Вікісховищі

Регіон: Задарська жупанія

Адм. одиниця: Задар


text:
# マイア・パンジキゼ
マイア・パンジキゼ（მაია ფანჯიკიძე、1960年10月16日 – ）は、ジョージアの外交官、政治家。2002年から2004年まで外務大臣を務めた。

## 生い立ち
トビリシにて誕生。父親は作家のグラム・パンジキゼであった。トビリシ国立大学とイェーナ大学で言語学者として研究し、1994年までトビリシでドイツ語の教師をした。1994年に外務省に入省後は、キャリアの大半をベルリンの大使館で過ごした。彼女は2004年に外務副大臣を務めた後、2004年から2007年まで駐ドイツ大使、2007円から2010年まで駐オランダ大使を務めた。2010年、彼女は外務省から解雇を受けた。彼女はこれについて、義弟のイラクリ・アラサニアが2008年にミヘイル・サアカシュヴィリ政権に反対して国連大使を辞任したことに起因する、政治的決定によるものと主張した。

## 野党
2012年2月、パンジキゼは実業家ビジナ・イヴァニシヴィリが率いる野党勢力に広報担当として合流した。彼らは野党連合ジョージアの夢＝民主ジョージアを結成し、同年10月の総選挙で与党統一国民運動に勝利した。彼女はイヴァニシヴィリ陣営において、広報担当および選挙対策本部長を務めた。

## 外務大臣
ジョージアの夢が2012年の総選挙で勝利した後、パンジキゼは2012年10月25日、ビジナ・イヴァニシヴィリ内閣で外務大臣に就任した。彼女は大臣としての第一声として、ジョージアの外交政策の優先事項を挙げた。まず欧州との関係やNATOとの関係について統合路線を示し、またアメリカ合衆国との戦略的パートナーシップの発展、近隣諸国との良好な関係の継続について述べた。加えてパンジキゼは、イヴァニシヴィリ新政権はロシアとの関係の正常化を目指していると言及した。ただし独立状態にあるアブハジアおよび南オセチアに対して、占領国であるロシアが大使館を置き続けるのであれば、ジョージアは外交関係の回復を行わないとも述べた。
首相がイラクリ・ガリバシヴィリに交代した後の2014年11月5日、彼女はイラクリ・アラサニアが国防大臣を更迭されたことに抗議し、辞任した。

wikiname: jawiki

title: マイア・パンジキゼ

in_language: ja

wikitext:
{{Infobox officeholder
| name             = マイア・パンジキゼ
| native_name      = მაია ფანჯიკიძე
| native_name_lang = ka
| image            = Maia Panjikidze 01 Senate of Poland.jpg
| order            = [[ジョージア外務省|外務大臣]]
| term_start       = 2012年10月25日
| term_end         = 2014年11月5日
| president        = [[ミヘイル・サアカシヴィリ]]
[[ギオルギ・マルグヴェラシヴィリ]]
| primeminister    = [[ビジナ・イヴァニシヴィリ]]
[[イラクリ・ガリバシヴィリ]]
| predecessor      = [[グリゴル・ヴァシャゼ]]
| successor        = [[タマル・ベルチャシヴィリ]]
| birth_date       = {{生年月日と年齢|1960|10|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place      = [[トビリシ]]（[[ソビエト連邦]]）
| party            = [[我らがジョージア 自由民主主義者|自由民主主義者]]
| alma_mater       = [[トビリシ国立大学]]
[[フリードリヒ・シラー大学イェーナ|イェーナ大学]]
| occupation       =
| profession       =
| religion         =
| website          = [https://web.archive.org/web/20121110125214/http://mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=49 mfa.gov.ge]
}}
'''マイア・パンジキゼ'''（{{Lang|ka|მაია ფანჯიკიძე}}、[[1960年]][[10月16日]] – ）は、[[ジョージア (国)|ジョージア]]の[[外交官]]、[[政治家]]。2002年から2004年まで[[ジョージア外務省|外務大臣]]を務めた。

== 生い立ち ==
[[トビリシ]]にて誕生。父親は作家の{{仮リンク|グラム・パンジキゼ|en|Guram Panjikidze}}であった。[[トビリシ国立大学]]と[[フリードリヒ・シラー大学イェーナ|イェーナ大学]]で言語学者として研究し、1994年までトビリシでドイツ語の教師をした。1994年に外務省に入省後は、キャリアの大半を[[ベルリン]]の大使館で過ごした。彼女は2004年に外務副大臣を務めた後、2004年から2007年まで駐ドイツ大使、2007円から2010年まで駐オランダ大使を務めた。2010年、彼女は外務省から解雇を受けた。彼女はこれについて、義弟の[[イラクリ・アラサニア]]が2008年に[[ミヘイル・サアカシュヴィリ]]政権に反対して国連大使を辞任したことに起因する、政治的決定によるものと主張した<ref name="expatica">[http://www.expatica.ru/news/local_news/georgia-s-new-fm-to-balance-west-and-russia_246486.html Georgia's new FM to balance West and Russia]. [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] via ''[[Expatica]]''. October 8, 2012.</ref><ref name="civil1">[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=22091 Ex-Envoy Alleges Politics Behind Dismissal]. ''[[Civil Georgia]]''. March 16, 2012.</ref>。

== 野党 ==
2012年2月、パンジキゼは実業家[[ビジナ・イヴァニシヴィリ]]が率いる野党勢力に広報担当として合流した。彼らは野党連合[[グルジアの夢＝民主グルジア|ジョージアの夢＝民主ジョージア]]を結成し、同年10月の[[2012年ジョージア国会議員選挙|総選挙]]で与党[[統一国民運動 (グルジア)|統一国民運動]]に勝利した。彼女はイヴァニシヴィリ陣営において、広報担当および選挙対策本部長を務めた<ref name="expatica" />。

== 外務大臣 ==
[[ファイル:Remarks by Secretary Clinton and Foreign Minister of Georgia Maia Panjikidze, at the Department of State. Nov. 29, 2012.ogv|thumb|ジョージア外務大臣マイア・パンジキゼと[[アメリカ合衆国国務長官|アメリカ国務長官]][[ヒラリー・クリントン]]]]
ジョージアの夢が2012年の総選挙で勝利した後、パンジキゼは2012年10月25日、[[ビジナ・イヴァニシヴィリ内閣]]で[[ジョージア外務省|外務大臣]]に就任した。彼女は大臣としての第一声として、ジョージアの外交政策の優先事項を挙げた。まず{{仮リンク|ジョージアと欧州連合の関係|ka|საქართველო-ევროპის კავშირის ურთიერთობები|label=欧州との関係}}や{{仮リンク|ジョージアとNATOの関係|ka|ნატო-საქართველოს ურთიერთობები|label=NATOとの関係}}について統合路線を示し、また[[アメリカ合衆国]]との戦略的パートナーシップの発展、近隣諸国との良好な関係の継続について述べた<ref name="expatica" />。加えてパンジキゼは、イヴァニシヴィリ新政権は[[ロシア]]との関係の正常化を目指していると言及した。ただし独立状態にある[[アブハジア]]および[[南オセチア]]に対して、占領国であるロシアが大使館を置き続けるのであれば、ジョージアは外交関係の回復を行わないとも述べた<ref name="civil1"/><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/new-georgian-foreign-minister-calls-us-top-strategic-partner-during-washington-visit/2012/11/30/10caeefc-3b0b-11e2-9258-ac7c78d5c680_story.html New Georgian foreign minister calls US top strategic partner during Washington visit]. [[The Associated Press]] via ''[[The Washington Post]]''. November 30, 2012.</ref>。

首相が[[イラクリ・ガリバシヴィリ]]に交代した後の2014年11月5日、彼女は[[イラクリ・アラサニア]]が[[グルジア国防省|国防大臣]]を更迭されたことに抗議し、辞任した。

== 参考文献 ==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{S-start}}
  {{S-off}}
  {{S-bef|before=[[グリゴル・ヴァシャゼ]]}}
  {{S-ttl|title=[[ジョージア外務省|外務大臣]]|years=2012年 – 2014年}}
  {{S-aft|after=[[タマル・ベルチャシヴィリ]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Normdaten}}
{{デフォルトソート:はんしきせ まいあ}}
[[Category:ジョージアの外相]]
[[Category:在ドイツジョージア大使]]
[[Category:在オランダジョージア大使]]
[[Category:トビリシ出身の人物]]
[[Category:1960年生]]
[[Category:存命人物]]

title: 外務大臣

大統領: ミヘイル・サアカシヴィリ · ギオルギ・マルグヴェラシヴィリ

首相: ビジナ・イヴァニシヴィリ · イラクリ・ガリバシヴィリ

前任者: グリゴル・ヴァシャゼ

後任者: タマル・ベルチャシヴィリ

title: 個人情報

生誕: 1960年10月16日（64歳） · トビリシ（ソビエト連邦）

政党: 自由民主主義者

出身校: トビリシ国立大学 · イェーナ大学


text:
# Razgrad
Razgrad là một thị trấn thuộc tỉnh Razgrad, Bungaria. Dân số thời điểm năm 2011 là 33416 người.

## Dân số
Dân số trong giai đoạn 2004-2011 được ghi nhận như sau:
| Năm                                                                                | 2004  | 2005  | 2006  | 2007  | 2008  | 2009  | 2010  | 2011  |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Dân số                                                                                | 36568 | 35932 | 35704 | 35218 | 35007 | 34592 | 34157 | 33416 |
| From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once. |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |

wikiname: viwiki

title: Razgrad

in_language: vi

wikitext:
{{Thông tin khu dân cư
|name = Razgrad
|other_name =
|native_name =
|settlement_type = [[Thị trấn]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_map =
|pushpin_map =
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Bungaria
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_region =
|subdivision_type = [[Quốc gia]]
|subdivision_name ={{flag|Bulgaria}}
|subdivision_type1 =[[Tỉnh của Bulgaria|Tỉnh]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Razgrad (tỉnh)|Razgrad]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 =
|population_as_of = tháng 12 năm 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =33416 người
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone=[[Giờ Đông Âu|EET]]
|utc_offset=+2
|timezone_DST=[[Giờ mùa hè Đông Âu|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+3
|latd=|latm=|lats=|latNS=N
|longd=|longm=|longs=|longEW=E
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Razgrad''' là một [[thị trấn]] thuộc tỉnh [[Razgrad (tỉnh)|Razgrad]], [[Bulgaria|Bungaria]]. Dân số thời điểm năm 2011 là 33416 người.<ref name=NSI>{{chú thích web|url=http://www.nsi.bg/otrasalen.php?otr=53&a1=1583&a2=1584&a3=1588#cont|publisher=Viện thống kê quốc gia Bulgaria|title=Population by towns and sex – Table data|access-date=ngày 16 tháng 10 năm 2012|archive-date=2010-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113165731/http://www.nsi.bg/otrasalen.php?otr=53&a1=1583&a2=1584&a3=1588#cont|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Dân số ==
Dân số trong giai đoạn 2004-2011 được ghi nhận như sau:
{{Démographie|
2004=36568|
2005= 35932|
2006= 35704|
2007= 35218|
2008= 35007|
2009= 34592|
2010= 34157|
2011= 33416|
sansdoublescomptes= 1962|source=Viện thống kê quốc gia Bulgaria<ref name=NSI/>}}

==Tham khảo==
{{Tham khảo}}

{{Sơ khai Bulgaria}}

[[Thể loại:Tỉnh Razgrad]]
[[Thể loại:Thị trấn Bulgaria]]

title: Razgrad

Quốc gia: Bulgaria

Tỉnh: Razgrad

title: Dân số (tháng 12 năm 2011)

Múi giờ: Giờ Đông Âu

• Mùa hè (DST): EEST (UTC+3)

Thành phố kết nghĩa: Wittenberge, Calarasi, Oryol, Dương Châu, Slobozia


text:
# Paranoia (Hermans book)
Paranoia is a 1953 short story collection by the Dutch writer Willem Frederik Hermans. The titular story was adapted into the 1967 film Paranoia, directed by Adriaan Ditvoorst, and into a play written and directed by Inge-Vera Lipsius, performed on location at The Merchant House, Amsterdam, in October 2022/23.

## Contents
- Preambule
- Manuscript in een kliniek gevonden
- Paranoia
- Het behouden huis
- Glas
- Lotti Fuehrscheim

title: Paranoia (Hermans book)

wikitext:
{{Infobox book
| name             = Paranoia
| image            = File:ParanoiaBook.jpg
| caption    = First edition
| author           = [[Willem Frederik Hermans]]
| translator       =
| country          = Netherlands
| language         = Dutch
| publisher        = G. A. van Oorschot
| pub_date         = 1953
| english_pub_date =
| pages            = 194
}}
'''''Paranoia''''' is a 1953 short story collection by the [[Dutch language|Dutch]] writer [[Willem Frederik Hermans]]. The titular story was adapted into the 1967 film ''[[Paranoia (1967 film)|Paranoia]]'', directed by [[Adriaan Ditvoorst]], and into a play written and directed by Inge-Vera Lipsius, performed on location at The Merchant House, Amsterdam, in October 2022/23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062096/|title=Paranoia_(1967)|language=English|work=imdb.com|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=2022-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paranoia_(2022/23) |url=https://www.merchanthouse.nl/paranoia |accessdate=2025-06-15 |work=merchanthouse.nl |publisher=[[The Merchant House]] |language=English, Dutch}}</ref>

==Contents==
* ''Preambule''
* ''Manuscript in een kliniek gevonden''
* ''Paranoia''
* ''Het behouden huis''
* ''Glas''
* ''Lotti Fuehrscheim''

==See also==
* [[1953 in literature]]
* [[Dutch literature]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1953 short story collections]]
[[Category:Dutch short story collections]]
[[Category:Literary works by Willem Frederik Hermans]]

{{1950s-story-collection-stub}}

title: Paranoia

Author: Willem Frederik Hermans

Publisher: G. A. van Oorschot

Publication place: Netherlands


text:
# Phyllitis durvillei
Phyllitis durvillei là một loài dương xỉ trong họ Aspleniaceae. Loài này được Kuntze mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1891.
Danh pháp khoa học của loài này chưa được làm sáng tỏ.

title: Phyllitis durvillei

wikitext:
{{nhan đề nghiêng}}
{{Bảng phân loại
| name = ''Phyllitis durvillei''
| status =
| status_system =
| status_ref =
| image =
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Thực vật|Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Pteridophyta]]
| classis = [[Polypodiopsida]]
| ordo = [[Polypodiales]]
| familia = [[Aspleniaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Phyllitis]]''
| species = '''''P. durvillei'''''
| binomial = ''Phyllitis durvillei''
| binomial_authority = Kuntze, 1891
}}
'''''Phyllitis durvillei''''' là một loài [[dương xỉ]] trong họ [[Aspleniaceae]]. Loài này được Kuntze mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1891.<ref>{{chú thích web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ifn-57463| title=''Phyllitis durvillei''|access-date=ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014| author=The Plant List | year =2010}}</ref>
Danh pháp khoa học của loài này chưa được làm sáng tỏ.
==Chú thích==
{{tham khảo|30em}}

==Liên kết ngoài==
*{{commonscat-inline|Phyllitis durvillei}}
*{{wikispecies-inline|Phyllitis durvillei}}
*{{IPNI2|Phyllitis durvillei|17293520-1|access-date=ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014}}

[[Thể loại:Phyllitis]]
[[Thể loại:Thực vật được mô tả năm 1891]]
[[Thể loại:Unresolved names]]

{{Aspleniaceae-stub}}

[[es:Phyllitis durvillei]]

title: Phân loại khoa học

Giới (regnum): Plantae

Ngành (divisio): Pteridophyta

Lớp (class): Polypodiopsida

Bộ (ordo): Polypodiales

Họ (familia): Aspleniaceae

Chi (genus): Phyllitis

Loài (species): P. durvillei

title: Danh pháp hai phần

Danh pháp hai phần: Phyllitis durvillei · Kuntze, 1891


text:
# GMC Balayogi Stadium
Il Ganti Mohana Chandra Balayogi Athletic Stadium (telugu: జి. ఎం. సి. బాలయోగి అథ్లెటిక్ స్టేడియం) comunemente soprannominato Gachibowli Athletic Stadium,  è un complesso polisportivo situato a Hyderabad, in India.

## Struttura
Il clou della struttura dello stadio è il tetto a sbalzo che copre le tribune degli spettatori. Il design strutturale semplice ma innovativo consente una campata a sbalzo di 25 m (82 piedi) consentendo agli spettatori una visione senza ostacoli degli eventi sportivi. Gli elementi strutturali diagonali in acciaio giallo agiscono come elementi di tensione per bilanciare le forze del tetto a sbalzo delle tribune degli spettatori. Questi membri non solo si aggiungono all'aspetto esterno, ma aiutano anche a creare un percorso ambulatoriale ben definito lungo lo stadio. Lamiere grecate di colore arancione avvolgono i bordi interni ed esterni delle capriate del tetto. Questo rivestimento economico migliora notevolmente l'aspetto dello stadio.
È uno stadio ultramoderno con pista di atletica sintetica da competizione a otto linee e pista sintetica a 4 corsie per allenamento. Utilizza la più recente illuminazione dell'albero alto per eventi diurni e notturni e offre una visione senza ostacoli a tutti gli spettatori. Lo stadio è stato chiamato in memoria di GMC Balayogi , un presidente in carica di Lok Sabha morto in un incidente aereo.
In questo stadio si sono svolti i Giochi afroasiatici del 2003 . Più di 30.000 persone sono venute ad assistere alla cerimonia di apertura. La cerimonia di apertura è durata circa due ore e quaranta minuti con uno spettacolo laser son-et-lumiere .
Circa 2.800 artisti di Kuchipudi hanno eseguito una danza secolare il 26 dicembre 2010 per guadagnarsi un posto nel Guinness World Records.

## Storia
Il complesso sportivo è stato costruito nel 2002 dal governo di N. Chandrababu Naidu per ospitare i Giochi afroasiatici del 2003.

title: GMC Balayogi Stadium

wikitext:
{{Impianto sportivo
|nomeimpianto = GMC Balayogi Stadium
|immagine =
|ubicazione = [[Hyderabad]]
|nazione = IND
|posti = {{formatnum:30000}}
|uso = Calcio
|usoLink = Calcio (sport)
|uso2 = atletica leggera
|annofondazione = 2001
|usufruttuario = {{Calcio Fateh Hyderabad}}<br/>{{Calcio Hyderabad}}
|usufruttuario2 =
|materiale superficie = [[erba]]
|dimensioni terreno = 14 850 m2
|costo =
|progetto =
|ristrutturazione =
|struttura =
|copertura =
}}

Il '''Ganti Mohana Chandra Balayogi Athletic Stadium''' ([[Lingua telugu|telugu]]: జి. ఎం. సి. బాలయోగి అథ్లెటిక్ స్టేడియం) comunemente soprannominato '''Gachibowli Athletic Stadium''',  è un complesso [[polisportiva|polisportivo]] situato a [[Hyderabad]], in [[India]].

== Struttura ==
[[File:Gachibowli Outdoor 75.JPG|thumb|GMC Balayogi Stadium, Gachibowli]]
Il clou della struttura dello stadio è il tetto a sbalzo che copre le tribune degli spettatori. Il design strutturale semplice ma innovativo consente una campata a sbalzo di 25 m (82 piedi) consentendo agli spettatori una visione senza ostacoli degli eventi sportivi. Gli elementi strutturali diagonali in acciaio giallo agiscono come elementi di tensione per bilanciare le forze del tetto a sbalzo delle tribune degli spettatori. Questi membri non solo si aggiungono all'aspetto esterno, ma aiutano anche a creare un percorso ambulatoriale ben definito lungo lo stadio. Lamiere grecate di colore arancione avvolgono i bordi interni ed esterni delle capriate del tetto. Questo rivestimento economico migliora notevolmente l'aspetto dello stadio.

È uno stadio ultramoderno con pista di atletica sintetica da competizione a otto linee e pista sintetica a 4 corsie per allenamento. Utilizza la più recente illuminazione dell'albero alto per eventi diurni e notturni e offre una visione senza ostacoli a tutti gli spettatori. Lo stadio è stato chiamato in memoria di GMC Balayogi , un presidente in carica di Lok Sabha morto in un incidente aereo.

In questo stadio si sono svolti i Giochi afroasiatici del 2003 . Più di 30.000 persone sono venute ad assistere alla cerimonia di apertura. La cerimonia di apertura è durata circa due ore e quaranta minuti con uno spettacolo laser son-et-lumiere .

Circa 2.800 artisti di [[Kuchipudi]] hanno eseguito una danza secolare il 26 dicembre 2010 per guadagnarsi un posto nel [[Guinness dei primati|Guinness World Records]].<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/2-800-kuchipudi-dancers-set-world-record-news-national-km0xkfcadde.html|titolo=2,800 Kuchipudi dancers set world record|accesso=23 ottobre 2022|dataarchivio=30 dicembre 2010|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230140104/http://www.sify.com/news/2-800-kuchipudi-dancers-set-world-record-news-national-km0xkfcadde.html|urlmorto=sì}}</ref>

== Storia ==
Il complesso sportivo è stato costruito nel 2002 dal governo di N. Chandrababu Naidu per ospitare i Giochi afroasiatici del 2003.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031018/spr-trib.htm|titolo=First Afro-Asian Games 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://sats.telangana.gov.in/gachibowli-sports-complex-2/|titolo=GACHIBOWLI SPORTS COMPLEX|accesso=23 ottobre 2022|dataarchivio=1 agosto 2021|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801062520/http://sats.telangana.gov.in/gachibowli-sports-complex-2/|urlmorto=sì}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20021216-rs-250-crore-national-games-in-hyderabad-enthuses-organisers-more-than-athletes-793872-2002-12-15|titolo=Rs 250 crore National Games in Hyderabad enthuses organisers more than athletes}}</ref>

==Note==
<references/>

== Altri progetti ==
{{interprogetto}}

{{Portale|architettura|atletica leggera|calcio|India}}

title: Informazioni generali

Stato: India

Ubicazione: Hyderabad

title: Informazioni tecniche

Mat. del terreno: erba

title: Uso e beneficiari

Calcio: Fateh Hyderabad · Hyderabad


text:
# Emphytoecia lineolata
Emphytoecia lineolata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Blanchard in Gay, in 1851. It is known from Chile.

title: Emphytoecia lineolata

wikitext:
{{short description|Species of beetle}}

{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Emphytoecia lineolata
| authority = (Blanchard in Gay, 1851)
| synonyms = * ''Agapanthia lineolata'' <small>Blanchard in Gay, 1851</small>
}}

'''''Emphytoecia lineolata''''' is a species of [[beetle]] in the family [[Cerambycidae]]. It was described by Blanchard in Gay, in 1851. It is known from [[Chile]].<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id302805/ BioLib.cz - ''Emphytoecia lineolata''].  Retrieved on 8 September 2014.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q14833708}}

[[Category:Pteropliini]]
[[Category:Beetles described in 1851]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Chile]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Émile Blanchard]]

{{Pteropliini-stub}}

title: Scientific classification

Domain: Eukaryota

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Coleoptera

Suborder: Polyphaga

Infraorder: Cucujiformia

Family: Cerambycidae

Tribe: Pteropliini

Genus: Emphytoecia

Species: E. lineolata

title: Binomial name

Binomial name: Emphytoecia lineolata · (Blanchard in Gay, 1851)

title: Synonyms

Synonyms: - Agapanthia lineolata Blanchard in Gay, 1851


text:
# 28426 Sangani
28426 Sangani è un asteroide della fascia principale. Scoperto nel 1999, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a 2,6981137 UA e da un'eccentricità di 0,0161865, inclinata di 3,48426° rispetto all'eclittica.

title: 28426 Sangani

wikitext:
{{S|asteroidi}}
{{Corpo celeste
|tipo = Asteroide
|nome =Sangani
|sottotitolo =28426 Sangani
|data =6 dicembre [[1999]]
|scoperta_autore =[[LINEAR]]
|categoria = [[Fascia principale]]
|designazioni_alternative ={{DP|1999 XV|28}}
|epoca =K118R
|semiasse_maggiore = 403 637 810 km
2,6981137 UA
|perielio= 397 104 329 km
2,6544407 UA
|afelio= 410 171 290 km
2,7417867 UA
|periodo_orbitale=1618,78 [[giorno|giorni]]
(4,43 [[anno giuliano|anni]])
|eccentricità =0,0161865
|nodo_ascendente =128,28440°
|argomento_perielio = 73,48219°
|anomalia_media = 96,65819°
|inclinazione_orbita_su_eclittica =3,48426°
|par_Tisserand_J =3,366
|magn_ass =14,7
}}
'''28426 Sangani''' è un [[asteroide]] della [[fascia principale]]. Scoperto nel [[1999]], presenta un'[[orbita]] caratterizzata da un [[semiasse maggiore]] pari a 2,6981137 [[Unità astronomica|UA]] e da un'[[eccentricità orbitale|eccentricità]] di 0,0161865, inclinata di 3,48426° rispetto all'[[eclittica]].

== Collegamenti esterni ==
{{LinkFontiAsteroidi}}

{{Asteroide|precedente=28425 Sungkanit|successivo=28427 Gidwani|formato=ridotto}}
{{Portale|sistema solare}}

[[Categoria:Asteroidi della fascia principale centrale|Sangani]]
[[Categoria:Corpi celesti scoperti nel 1999]]

title: Sangani · (28426 Sangani)

Scoperta: 6 dicembre 1999

Scopritore: LINEAR

Classificazione: Fascia principale

title: Parametri orbitali

Parametri orbitali: (all'epoca K118R)

Par. Tisserand (TJ): 3,366 (calcolato)

title: Dati osservativi


text:
# تاشتاغول
تاشتاغول (بالروسية: Таштагол) هي إحدى مدن روسيا في مقاطعة كيمروفسكايا.

## أعلام
- أندري سوبوليف
- كريستينا باول

wikiname: arwiki

title: تاشتاغول

in_language: ar

wikitext:
{{صندوق معلومات تجمع سكاني}}
<!--تاشتاغول-->
'''تاشتاغول''' {{روسية|Таштагол}} هي إحدى مدن [[روسيا]] في [[مقاطعة كيمروفسكايا]].

== أعلام ==
* [[أندري سوبوليف]]
* [[كريستينا باول]]

== مراجع ==
{{مراجع}}

{{مدن وبلديات روسيا}}
{{مدن وبلدات مقاطعة كيميروفو}}
{{شريط بوابات|الاتحاد السوفيتي|جغرافيا|مدن|روسيا}}

{{بذرة مدينة روسية}}

[[تصنيف:أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1939]]
[[تصنيف:تأسيسات سنة 1939 في الاتحاد السوفيتي]]
[[تصنيف:مدن وبلدات بنيت في الاتحاد السوفيتي]]
[[تصنيف:مدن مقاطعة كيميروفو]]
[[تصنيف:مدن وبلدات في مقاطعة كيميروفو]]

title: تاشتاغول

title: تقسيم إداري

البلد: روسيا

title: خصائص جغرافية

المساحة: 79 كيلومتر مربع

title: عدد السكان

title: معلومات أخرى

معلومات أخرى: تعديل مصدري - تعديل


text:
# Ruthe Jackson
Ruthe Jackson (October 29, 1920 - August 9, 2013) was an American community organizer. She held a seat on the city council of Grand Prairie, Texas, and produced and hosted the longest-running Public-access television cable TV show in Texas. She was considered by many to be the matriarch of Grand Prairie, Texas.

## Biography

### Early life and education
Jackson was born  October 29, 1920, in Fort Worth, Texas, the oldest daughter of Florence Ector Thompson and John Lyle Thompson. Her family moved to Grand Prairie in 1931 and she graduated from Sunset High School in 1938. Jackson completed certificate work at Fort Worth Christian College and Christian College of the Southwest and earned professional parliamentarian certification from La Salle Extension University in 1972.

### Career
During World War II Jackson worked at North American Aviation, Inc. in Grand Prairie. After the war and a short time working at Sargent & Sowell Co. Ruthe co-founded All-Quality Sign & Mfg.Co. with Ernest Seymour. They specialized in silk screened metal signs. In 1947, along with husband Vernon Jackson, they formed Jackson Vending Supply, Inc. A successful distributor of vending machines and equipment till they sold the business in 1998. Ruthe stayed employed with the company that became Product Sales, Inc. as a marketing & Public Relations Consultant.
Jackson served as a Dallas County School Board member from 1975–1992, representing Community District 4. Beginning in 1980, she began producing and hosting the public-access television series It's Happening in Grand Prairie, still in production, later adding It Happened in Grand Prairie, a series of history interviews, beginning in 1985, and various specials including "Women in History" documentaries. Jackson was elected to the Texas State Board of Education in 1984 but did not get to serve as the Legislature canceled the elected board and appointed the entire State Board.
She was first elected to the Grand Prairie City Council in 1985, serving on the council's Place 5 and as mayor pro-tem in 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1990 before her term ended in 1991. In 1993 she was re-elected, this time to Place 7 on the council, and served as mayor pro-tem again in 1999 and 2002. As a council member, Jackson served on the Safety Health & Environment Committee and as the Trinity Trails representative for Council. In 1994 she was appointed co-chairman of the closure operation of Naval Air Station Dallas, presenting a NAS Dallas service plaque at the closure ceremony in 1998.
Jackson has been a member of and held leadership positions in many associations related to her interests and vocation, including city and county historical commissions; city, state, and the National Association of Parliamentarians; the Grand Prairie Chamber of Commerce; Keep America Beautiful and Keep Texas Beautiful; PTA, holding Life Membership in both the Texas PTA and National PTA; and Soroptimist.

### Marriage and children
In 1944, while working at North American, Ruthe met and married Vernon Jackson. They had two daughters, Xanna Jackson Young and Jorja Jackson Clemson, who is now a council member of District 1 in Grand Prairie, and several grandchildren and 13 great-grandchildren.

## Death
Jackson died on August 9, 2013, aged 92.

## Awards and honors
- 1977: Lady Bird Johnson Environmental Award, Keep America Beautiful
- 1985: Woman of Distinction Award, Soroptimist International of the Americas
- 1990: Paul Harris Fellow, Rotary
- 1991: Vernon & Ruthe Jackson Day named March 5, 1991, Texas Legislature Session, House Resolution #270, by State Representative Bill Arnold
- 1992: Day-Jackson Educational Facility renaming
- 1992: Outdoor Learning Center in Turner Park renamed the Ruthe & Vernon Jackson Outdoor Learning Center
- 1998: Outstanding Community Volunteer Award, Keep America Beautiful
- 2000: Texas Community Forestry Award of Merit, by Texas Forest Service, Texas Urban Forestry Council & Texas Chapter of the International Society of Arborculture
- 2001: National Award for Excellence in Community Service, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution
- 2001: Vernon & Ruthe Jackson "House Concurrent Resolution No 126, February 21, 2001, adopted by the House and Senate bodies commending same for outstanding community service by the 77th Legislature of the State of Texas, sponsored by State Representatives Ray Allen and Toby Goodman and State Senator Jane Nelson.
- 2002: State of Texas Senate Proclamation #1294 for community service, presented by Senator Royce West
- 2002: opening of Ruthe Jackson Center, a community center in Grand Prairie[5]
- 2005: Robert M. Artz Award for Citizen Volunteer and Leadership Contributions, National Recreation and Parks Association
- 2008: President's Volunteer Service Award

title: Ruthe Jackson

wikitext:
{{Short description|American politician (1920–2013)}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2010}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix   =
|name               = Ruthe Jackson
|honorific-suffix   =
|image              =
|imagesize          =
|alt                =
|caption            =
|order              =
|office             = Grand Prairie City Council Place 7 at large
|term_start         = 1993
|term_end           = 2013
|predecessor        =
|successor          =
|order2             =
|office2            = Grand Prairie City Council Place 5
|term_start2        = 1985
|term_end2          = 1991
|predecessor2       =
|successor2         =
|birth_date         = {{birth date |1920|10|29}}
|birth_place        = [[Fort Worth, Texas]]
|death_date         = {{Death date and age|2013|8|9|1920|10|29|mf=yes}}
|death_place        =
|restingplace       =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname          =
|nationality        =
|party              = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|spouse             = Vernon A. Jackson
|children           = 2
|residence          = [[Grand Prairie, Texas]]
|occupation         = Community organizer
|profession         =
|signature          =
|signature_alt      =
|website            =
|footnotes          =
}}

'''Ruthe Jackson''' (October 29, 1920 - August 9, 2013) was an American community organizer. She held a seat on the city council of [[Grand Prairie, Texas]], and produced and hosted the longest-running [[Public-access television]] [[cable TV]] show in Texas. She was considered by many to be the matriarch of [[Grand Prairie, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2013/08/grand-prairies-matriarch-ruthe-jackson-dies-at-92.html/| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130813165604/http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2013/08/grand-prairies-matriarch-ruthe-jackson-dies-at-92.html/| archive-date = 2013-08-13| title = Grand Prairie's matriarch, Ruthe Jackson, dies at 92 {{!}} The Scoop Blog}} </ref>

==Biography==

===Early life and education===
Jackson was born  October 29, 1920, in [[Fort Worth, Texas]], the oldest daughter of Florence Ector Thompson and John Lyle Thompson. Her family moved to [[Grand Prairie, Texas|Grand Prairie]] in 1931<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Sandoval |title=Voters give political novices a chance |work=Dallas Morning News |date=2003-05-08 |quote=Council member Ruthe Jackson, 82, who was 11 when her family moved from Dallas, also claims Grand Prairie as the place she was raised. }}</ref> and she graduated from [[Sunset High School (Dallas, Texas)|Sunset High School]] in 1938. Jackson completed certificate work at Fort Worth Christian College and Christian College of the Southwest and earned professional parliamentarian certification from [[La Salle Extension University]] in 1972.

===Career===
During [[World War II]] Jackson worked at [[North American Aviation, Inc.]] in Grand Prairie. After the war and a short time working at Sargent & Sowell Co. Ruthe co-founded All-Quality Sign & Mfg.Co. with Ernest Seymour. They specialized in silk screened metal signs. In 1947, along with husband Vernon Jackson, they formed Jackson Vending Supply, Inc. A successful distributor of vending machines and equipment till they sold the business in 1998. Ruthe stayed employed with the company that became Product Sales, Inc. as a [[marketing]] & [[Public Relations]] Consultant.

Jackson served as a Dallas County School Board member from 1975–1992, representing Community District 4. Beginning in 1980, she began producing and hosting the public-access television series ''It's Happening in Grand Prairie'', still in production, later adding ''It Happened in Grand Prairie'', a series of history interviews, beginning in 1985, and various specials including "Women in History" documentaries. Jackson was elected to the Texas State Board of Education in 1984 but did not get to serve as the Legislature canceled the elected board and appointed the entire State Board.

She was first elected to the Grand Prairie City Council in 1985, serving on the council's Place 5 and as mayor pro-tem in 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1990 before her term ended in 1991. In 1993 she was re-elected, this time to Place 7 on the council,<ref>{{cite news |title=Sports panel to feel effects of council results |work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |date=1993-05-03 |quote=In the Place 7 at-large race, former Councilwoman Ruthe Jackson received 5617 votes, or 66.7 percent of the vote. }}</ref> and served as mayor pro-tem again in 1999 and 2002. As a council member, Jackson served on the Safety Health & Environment Committee and as the Trinity Trails representative for Council. In 1994 she was appointed co-chairman of the closure operation of [[Naval Air Station Dallas]], presenting a NAS Dallas service plaque at the closure ceremony in 1998.

Jackson has been a member of and held leadership positions in many associations related to her interests and vocation, including city and county historical commissions; city, state, and the [[National Association of Parliamentarians]]; the Grand Prairie Chamber of Commerce; [[Keep America Beautiful]] and Keep Texas Beautiful; [[Parent-Teacher Association|PTA]], holding Life Membership in both the Texas PTA and National PTA; and [[Soroptimist]].

===Marriage and children===
In 1944, while working at North American, Ruthe met and married Vernon Jackson. They had two daughters, Xanna Jackson Young and Jorja Jackson Clemson, who is now a council member of District 1 in Grand Prairie, and several grandchildren and 13 great-grandchildren.

==Death==
Jackson died on August 9, 2013, aged 92.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gptx.org/index.aspx?page=327|title=Ruthe Jackson | City of Grand Prairie}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
*1977: Lady Bird Johnson Environmental Award, Keep America Beautiful
*1985: Woman of Distinction Award, Soroptimist International of the Americas
*1990: Paul Harris Fellow, Rotary
*1991: Vernon & Ruthe Jackson Day named March 5, 1991, Texas Legislature Session, House Resolution #270, by State Representative Bill Arnold
*1992: Day-Jackson Educational Facility renaming
*1992: Outdoor Learning Center in Turner Park renamed the Ruthe & Vernon Jackson Outdoor Learning Center
*1998: Outstanding Community Volunteer Award, Keep America Beautiful
*2000: Texas Community Forestry Award of Merit, by Texas Forest Service, Texas Urban Forestry Council & Texas Chapter of the International Society of Arborculture
*2001: National Award for Excellence in Community Service, National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution
*2001: Vernon & Ruthe Jackson "House Concurrent Resolution No 126, February 21, 2001, adopted by the House and Senate bodies commending same for outstanding community service by the 77th Legislature of the State of Texas, sponsored by State Representatives Ray Allen and Toby Goodman and State Senator Jane Nelson.
*2002: State of Texas Senate Proclamation #1294 for community service, presented by Senator Royce West
*2002: opening of Ruthe Jackson Center, a community center in Grand Prairie<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Sandoval |title=Conference center's debut draws near |work=Dallas Morning News |date=2002-11-10 |quote=When parks and recreation officials announced that the long-anticipated grand opening of the Ruthe Jackson Center was being pushed back from November to December, City Council member Jim Swafford had one question. }}</ref>
*2005: Robert M. Artz Award for Citizen Volunteer and Leadership Contributions, National Recreation and Parks Association
*2008: [[President's Volunteer Service Award]]

==References==
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gptx.org/index.aspx?page=327/]
*[http://www.ruthejacksoncenter.com/ Ruthe Jackson Center]
* [http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=37/]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Ruthe}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:American members of the Churches of Christ]]
[[Category:Texas independents]]
[[Category:People from Grand Prairie, Texas]]
[[Category:Texas city council members]]
[[Category:Women city councillors in Texas]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]

Grand Prairie City Council Place 7 at large: In office · 1993–2013

title: Grand Prairie City Council Place 5

Grand Prairie City Council Place 5: In office · 1985–1991

title: Personal details

Born: October 29, 1920 · Fort Worth, Texas

Died: August 9, 2013 (aged 92)

Political party: Independent

Spouse: Vernon A. Jackson

Residence: Grand Prairie, Texas

Occupation: Community organizer


text:
# 司倉
司倉為中國古代文官官職名。在清朝之位階為從八品、從九品或不入流。司倉職能通常是與財政稅收有關，倉亦為倉庫之義。另外，亦有倉大使等官職，其名義功能相同，均為配置基層官員編制之一。1910年代，清朝滅亡後，該官職廢除。

## 外部連結
[在维基数据编辑]
 《欽定古今圖書集成·明倫彙編·官常典·司倉部》，出自陈梦雷《古今圖書集成》

title: 司倉

wikitext:
'''司倉'''為[[中國]]古代文官官職名。在[[清朝]]之位階為[[從八品]]、[[從九品]]或[[不入流]]。司倉職能通常是與財政稅收有關，倉亦為[[倉庫]]之義。另外，亦有倉大使等官職，其名義功能相同，均為配置基層官員編制之一。1910年代，[[清朝滅亡]]後，該官職廢除。

==參考文獻==
*孫文良，中國官制史，1993年，臺北，文津出版社。

==外部連結==
{{Wikisource further reading}}
[[Category:职事辅官]]


text:
# Étienne Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine
Étienne Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine, né le 28 octobre 1737 à Gex (Ain) et mort le 6 octobre 1795 à Saint-Genis-Pouilly (Ain), est un général de brigade de la Révolution française.

## Biographie
Étienne-Vincent Sédillot est né le 28 octobre 1737 à Gex. L'état du nouveau-né est inquiétant, si bien qu'il ne peut être baptisé que dix-sept jours plus tard, le 14 novembre. Son père, Étienne Sédillot, écuyer, exerce la charge de trésorier-payeur (rattaché à la Chambre des comptes de Dole) du bailliage de Gex. Il acquiert la même année le titre de seigneur de Saint-Genis de François de Clermont, également trésorier-payeur de cette même Chambre des comptes.
Lorsqu'Étienne Sédillot décède en 1777, trois enfants lui survivent. Étienne-Vincent est le plus jeune. L'aîné, Claude-Antoine, hérite du titre de seigneur de Saint-Genis ; il ajoute alors une particule à son nom et se fait appeler Claude-Antoine de Sédillot. Leur sœur, Jacqueline-Thérèse, avait épousé en 1763 Jean-Étienne-Philibert Deprez, également issu de la noblesse gessienne et lieutenant-colonel au régiment de Courtes. Les deux frères Sédillot, ainsi que leur beau-frère Deprez-Crassier, représentent la noblesse à l'assemblée de la noblesse du pays de Gex le 16 mars 1789. Étienne-Vincent, devenu chevalier de Saint-Louis et major d'infanterie, a alors accolé un nom de fief à son patronyme et se fait appeler Étienne-Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine.
En 1792, Jean Étienne Philibert Deprez (dit de Prez de Crassier) prend le commandement de l'armée du Rhin. Il s'entoure alors d'hommes de confiance et fait venir à ses côtés son beau-frère Sédillot de Fontaine.

## États de service
Il entre en service le 4 mars 1757, comme lieutenant au régiment de Champagne, il devient capitaine le 17 mai 1773. Il sert aux Indes de 1776 à 1783. le 28 novembre 1779, il commande la compagnie de chasseurs du régiment d'Austrasie, et il est fait chevalier de Saint-Louis en 1782. Le 17 juin 1783, à Gondelour, il charge l'ennemi à la baïonnette, et obtient en récompense le grade de major le 19 juin suivant. Capitaine de grenadiers et commandant le 2e bataillon le 24 juin 1785, il est mis en congé le 14 mars 1789, avec une pension de 800 livres.
Président du conseil général du département de l’Ain, et commandant de la Garde nationale de Gex le 13 juin 1791, il reprend du service le 1er décembre 1791, comme lieutenant-colonel en premier du 2e bataillon de volontaires de l’Ain, à l'armée du Rhin.
Il est promu maréchal de camp le 6 décembre 1792, à l'armée des Vosges sous Custine, et il se distingue le 6 janvier 1793, au combat de Hochheim. Envoyé dans le Haut-Rhin, il prend le commandement de Huningue en juin 1793, et il donne sa démission le 22 août 1793, en invoquant sa qualité de noble, et la défiance qu'elle inspire aux troupes. Il obtient une pension de retraite de 1 800 francs le 21 juillet 1795, et il se retire à Gex.

## Sources
- (en) « Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789 - 1814: Eberle to Exelmans »
- Charles Théodore Beauvais et Vincent Parisot, Victoires, conquêtes, revers et guerres civiles des Français, depuis les Gaulois jusqu’en 1792, tome 26, C.L.F Panckoucke, janvier 1822, 414 p. (lire en ligne), p. 189.
- Annexe du mémoire de Master 2 de Laurent Brayard, dirigé par Danielle Pingué à l'Université de Franche-Comté en 2010 : Laurent Brayard, Historique des bataillons levés dans le département de l’Ain sous la Révolution, 2010, p. 18.
- Arthur Chuquet, Les guerres de la Révolution, l’expédition de Custine, Librairie Plon, 1887, p. 208.
- Georges Six, Dictionnaire biographique des généraux & amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire (1792-1814), Paris : Librairie G. Saffroy, 1934, 2 vol., p. 443
- Commandant G. Dumont, Bataillons de volontaires nationaux, (cadres et historiques), Paris, Lavauzelle, 1914, p. 4 et 407

wikiname: frwiki

title: Étienne Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine

in_language: fr

wikitext:
{{Infobox Personnalité militaire
 | nom                 = Etienne Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine
 | nom autre           =
 | image               = P vip.svg
 | taille image        = 200
 | légende             =
 | surnom              =
 | date de naissance   = {{date de naissance|28|octobre|1737}}
 | lieu de naissance   = [[Gex]] ([[Ain (département)|Ain]])
 | date de décès       = {{date de décès|6 octobre 1795}}
 | lieu de décès       = [[Saint-Genis-Pouilly]] ([[Ain (département)|Ain]])
 | date mort au combat =
 | lieu mort au combat =
 | âge au décès        =
 | origine             = {{France}}
 | allégeance          =
 | grade               = [[Général de brigade]]
 | arme                = [[Infanterie]]
 | début de carrière   = [[1757]]
 | fin de carrière     = [[1795]]
 | conflit             =
 | commandement        =
 | faits d'armes       =
 | distinctions        = [[Chevalier de Saint-Louis]]
 | hommages            =
 | autres fonctions    = Président du [[Conseil général de l'Ain]]
 | famille             =
 | signature           =
 | emblème             =
 | liste               =
}}

'''Étienne Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine''', né le {{date de naissance|28 octobre 1737}} à [[Gex]] ([[Ain (département)|Ain]])<ref name=DE>{{harvsp|Six|1934|p=443}}</ref> et mort le {{date de décès|6 octobre 1795}} à [[Saint-Genis-Pouilly]] ([[Ain (département)|Ain]])<ref>[[Archives départementales de l'Ain]], état-civil numérisé de [[Saint-Genis-Pouilly]], acte de décès du 14 [[vendémiaire]] an IV : ''{{citation|Étienne Vincent Sedillot, âgé d'environ cinquante sept ans, fils d'Étienne Sedillot, et de Adrienne Clanola, général de brigade des armées de la République française, est mort aujourd’hui entre neuf et dix heures du matin dans son domicile}}''.</ref>, est un [[Liste des généraux de la Révolution et du Premier Empire|général de brigade de la Révolution française]].

==Biographie==
Étienne-Vincent Sédillot est né le {{date-|28 octobre 1737}} à [[Gex]]<ref name=naissance>
Registre des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de Gex, 1737-1738 (vue 25) consultable en ligne sur le site des [http://www.archives.ain.fr Archives de l'Ain], extrait :
''Le vingt huitième octobre mille sept cent trente sept est né de légitime mariage Étienne Vincent, fils de M. Étienne Sédillot Écuyer Conseiller du Roy, Trésorier payeur des gages de la Chambre des Comptes, Cour et des Domaines & finances de Dole, demeurant à Gex et de Dame Andrienne Trémolet mère, et le quatorzième novembre a été baptisé sous condition après avoir été ondoyé le jour de sa naissance à cause de danger…''
</ref>. L'état du nouveau-né est inquiétant, si bien qu'il ne peut être baptisé que dix-sept jours plus tard, le {{date-|14 novembre}}<ref name=naissance/>. Son père, Étienne Sédillot, [[Écuyer (gentilhomme)|écuyer]], exerce la charge de trésorier-payeur (rattaché à la [[Chambre des comptes de Dole]]) du [[Bailliage et sénéchaussée|bailliage]] de Gex. Il acquiert la même année le titre de seigneur de [[Saint-Genis-Pouilly|Saint-Genis]] de François de Clermont, également trésorier-payeur de cette même Chambre des comptes<ref name=armorial>
{{lien web| url=http://www.armorialdelain.fr/s%C3%A9dillot.html|titre=Sédillot|site=Armorial de l'Ain|consulté le=10 juin 2017.}}</ref>.

Lorsqu'Étienne Sédillot décède en 1777<ref>Registre des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de Saint-Genis-Pouilly, 1776-1780 (vue 12), acte de sépulture du 5 octobre 1777 consultable en ligne sur le site des [https://www.archives.ain.fr/ark:/22231/vtae566ce1ecc89bc03/daogrp/0/12#id:1154735331?gallery=true&brightness=100.00&contrast=100.00&center=1448.000,-869.000&zoom=6&rotation=0.000 Archives de l'Ain].</ref>, trois enfants lui survivent. Étienne-Vincent est le plus jeune. L'aîné, Claude-Antoine, hérite du titre de seigneur de Saint-Genis<ref name=armorial/> ; il ajoute alors une particule à son nom et se fait appeler Claude-Antoine de Sédillot. Leur sœur, Jacqueline-Thérèse, avait épousé en 1763 [[Jean Étienne Philibert de Prez de Crassier|Jean-Étienne-Philibert Deprez]]<ref name=mariage>
Registre des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de Gex, 1763-1764 (vues 14 et 15) consultable en ligne sur le site des [http://www.archives.ain.fr Archives de l'Ain], extrait :
''L'an mil sept cent soixante trois et le premier juin, je soussigné Charles Amable Daviet… ai imparti la bénédiction nuptiale à monsieur Jean Étienne Philibert, fils légitime de feu monsieur Jean Baptiste Deprez écuyer seigneur de Crassier et de madame Marianne Deforas demeurant à Crassier et à mademoiselle Jacqueline Thérèse fille de noble Étienne Sédillot écuyer seigneur de Saint-Genis et de madame Adrienne Tremollet de Gex...''
</ref>, également issu de la noblesse gessienne et lieutenant-colonel au régiment de Courtes<ref name=armorial/>. Les deux frères Sédillot, ainsi que leur beau-frère Deprez-Crassier, représentent la noblesse à l'assemblée de la noblesse du [[pays de Gex]] le {{date-|16 mars 1789}}<ref name=armorial/>. Étienne-Vincent, devenu [[Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis|chevalier de Saint-Louis]] et major d'infanterie, a alors accolé un nom de fief à son patronyme et se fait appeler Étienne-Vincent Sédillot de Fontaine.

En 1792, Jean Étienne Philibert Deprez (dit ''de Prez de Crassier'') prend le commandement de l'[[armée du Rhin (Révolution française)|armée du Rhin]]. Il s'entoure alors d'hommes de confiance et fait venir à ses côtés son beau-frère Sédillot de Fontaine<ref>
{{lien web|url=https://www.ornex.fr/histoire/|site=Mairie d'Ornex|titre=Histoire -  Jean Étienne Philibert de Prez-de-Crassier| consulté le=10 juin 2017.}}</ref>.

==États de service==

Il entre en service le {{date-|4 mars 1757}}, comme lieutenant au [[régiment de Champagne]], il devient capitaine le {{date-|17 mai 1773}}. Il sert aux Indes de 1776 à 1783. le {{date-|28 novembre 1779}}, il commande la compagnie de chasseurs du [[régiment d'Austrasie]], et il est fait [[Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis|chevalier de Saint-Louis]] en 1782. Le {{date-|17 juin 1783}}, à [[Bataille de Gondelour (1783)|Gondelour]], il charge l'ennemi à la baïonnette, et obtient en récompense le grade de major le {{date-|19 juin}} suivant. Capitaine de grenadiers et commandant le {{2e}} bataillon le {{date-|24 juin 1785}}, il est mis en congé le {{date-|14 mars 1789}}, avec une pension de 800 livres.

Président du conseil général du département de l’Ain, et commandant de la Garde nationale de Gex le {{date-|13 juin 1791}}, il reprend du service le {{date-|1 décembre 1791}}, comme lieutenant-colonel en premier du [[2e bataillon de volontaires de l'Ain|{{2e|bataillon}} de volontaires de l’Ain]], à l'[[armée du Rhin (Révolution française)|armée du Rhin]].

Il est promu [[maréchal de camp]] le {{date-|6 décembre 1792}}, à l'armée des Vosges sous [[Adam Philippe de Custine|Custine]], et il se distingue le {{date-|6 janvier 1793}}, au combat de [[Hochheim am Main|Hochheim]]. Envoyé dans le [[Haut-Rhin]], il prend le commandement de [[Huningue]] en {{date-|juin 1793}}, et il donne sa démission le {{date-|22 août 1793}}, en invoquant sa qualité de noble, et la défiance qu'elle inspire aux troupes. Il obtient une pension de retraite de {{unité|1800|francs}} le {{date-|21 juillet 1795}}, et il se retire à Gex.

==Références==
{{références}}

==Sources==

* {{lien web| langue=en| titre= Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789 - 1814: Eberle to Exelmans |url = http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/frenchgenerals/c_frenchgenerals36.html| id=Napoléon-séries}}
* {{ouvrage | prénom1 = Charles Théodore | nom1 = Beauvais | prénom2= Vincent| nom2 =Parisot| titre = Victoires, conquêtes, revers et guerres civiles des Français, depuis les Gaulois jusqu’en 1792, tome 26| éditeur = C.L.F Panckoucke | année = janvier 1822 | pages totales = 414 | passage = 189 | lire en ligne = https://play.google.com/books/reader2?id=PohTAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=fr&pg=GBS.PA193| consulté le = 22 janvier 2015}}.
* Annexe du mémoire de Master 2 de Laurent Brayard, dirigé par Danielle Pingué à l'Université de Franche-Comté en 2010 : {{Ouvrage| titre = Historique des bataillons levés dans le département de l’Ain sous la Révolution| année = 2010 | prénom1= Laurent | nom1 = Brayard| passage = 18 }}.
* {{Ouvrage| titre = Les guerres de la Révolution, l’expédition de Custine| année = 1887 | prénom1= Arthur | nom1 = Chuquet| passage = 208 | éditeur = Librairie Plon}}.
* {{ouvrage|nom1=Six|prénom1=Georges|titre=Dictionnaire biographique des généraux & amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire (1792-1814)|passage = 443| éditeur = Paris : Librairie G. Saffroy, 1934, 2 vol.}}
* {{Ouvrage| titre = Bataillons de volontaires nationaux, (cadres et historiques) | année = 1914 | prénom1= Commandant G. | nom1 = Dumont| passage = 4 et 407| éditeur = Paris, Lavauzelle}}

{{Portail|histoire militaire|Révolution française|Ain|Pays de Gex}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sédillot de Fontaine, Etienne Vincent}}
[[Catégorie:Général de la Révolution française promu en 1792]]
[[Catégorie:Naissance en octobre 1737]]
[[Catégorie:Naissance à Gex]]
[[Catégorie:Chevalier de l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis]]
[[Catégorie:Président du conseil général de l'Ain]]
[[Catégorie:Décès en octobre 1795]]
[[Catégorie:Décès dans l'Ain]]

Naissance: 28 octobre 1737 · Gex (Ain)

Décès: 6 octobre 1795 (à 57 ans) · Saint-Genis-Pouilly (Ain)

Origine: France

Arme: Infanterie

Grade: Général de brigade

Distinctions: Chevalier de Saint-Louis

Autres fonctions: Président du Conseil général de l'Ain