text:
# Daphny van den Brand
Daphny van den Brand (Zeeland, 6 april 1978) is een Nederlands voormalig veldrijdster.

## Loopbaan
Daphny van den Brand begon met fietsen toen ze acht jaar oud was. Al op jonge leeftijd reed ze mee met diverse wedstrijden en won ze zelfs regelmatig in wedstrijden waarin jongens uitkwamen. Haar sterkste punt bleek al snel de sprint te zijn, waarin ze haar concurrenten bijna altijd wist te verslaan.
Bij de Nederlandse juniorenselectie kwam Van den Brand in een sterk team te rijden, maar wist ze nog altijd regelmatig haar wedstrijden in de sprint te winnen. Wel moest ze regelmatig rijdsters als Mirella van Melis en Sonja van Kuik voor laten gaan. In 1993 pakte ze als juniore haar eerste medaille in het veldrijden door in Sint-Michielsgestel de bronzen medaille op te eisen achter Natascha den Ouden en Jet Jongeling.
In 1994 werd ze door bondscoach Leo van Zeeland gevraagd of ze eens een wedstrijd wilde mountainbiken. Ze reed mee tijdens een wedstrijd in Bergschenhoek en werd meteen vijfde. Daarna reed ze nog mee tijdens het EK en WK junioren en werd beide keren zevende. Van den Brand werd het rijden op de weg beu en verkoos het mountainbiken en het veldrijden boven de wegwedstrijden. Deze overstap leverde haar een hoop successen op. In de jaren daaropvolgend werd Van den Brand elfvoudig Nederlands kampioene veldrijden. In Monopoli werd ze in 2003 zelfs wereldkampioene. Ook werd ze in 2003 Nederlands kampioene op de mountainbike.
In 2006 pakte ze de bronzen medaille tijdens het WK veldrijden 2006 terwijl ze de huizenhoge favoriete was. Materiaalpech zorgde er echter voor dat ze op achterstand kwam te rijden, waarna Marianne Vos wereldkampioene werd voor Hanka Kupfernagel. Ook werd zij Europees kampioen veldrijden, een titel die zij in 2007 met succes verdedigde.
In 2010 werd ze wederom Europees kampioen.
In het seizoen 2011-2012 won ze de Wereldbeker. Tegen het einde van dat seizoen besloot ze te stoppen met veldrijden. Haar laatste veldrit was in Oostmalle, die ze wist te winnen.

## Palmares

### Veldrijden
| Seizoen   | Wereldbeker                                                           | Superprestige                   | GvA Trofee                                   | WK     | NK | EK     | Overige                                                            | Totaal aantal zeges |
| --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------ | -- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------- |
| 1993-1994 |                                                                       |                                 |                                              | NVT    | ↑  | NVT    |                                                                    | 0                   |
| 1994-1995 |                                                                       |                                 |                                              | NVT    | ↑  | NVT    |                                                                    | 0                   |
| 1995-1996 |                                                                       |                                 |                                              | NVT    | 5e | NVT    |                                                                    | 0                   |
| 1996-1997 |                                                                       | Gieten                          |                                              | NVT    | 4e | NVT    | Reusel                                                             | 2                   |
| 1997-1998 |                                                                       | Gieten                          |                                              | NVT    | ↑  | NVT    | Reusel, Moergestel                                                 | 4                   |
| 1998-1999 |                                                                       | St-Michielsgestel, Gieten       | Loenhout                                     | NVT    | ↑  | NVT    | Boxel, Reusel                                                      | 6                   |
| 1999-2000 |                                                                       | Gieten                          |                                              | Brons  | ↑  | NVT    |                                                                    | 2                   |
| 2000-2001 |                                                                       | St-Michielsgestel, Gieten       | Oostmalle                                    | Brons  | ↑  | NVT    | Dottenijs, Leudelange, Zeddam                                      | 7                   |
| 2001-2002 |                                                                       | St-Michielsgestel               | Loenhout                                     | Brons  | ↑  | NVT    | Huijbergen, Amersfoort, Overijse, Hofstade, Pijnacker, Hoogerheide | 9                   |
| 2002-2003 | Frankfurt, Kalmthout, Liévin, Wetzikon, Hoogerheide, eindklassement   |                                 | Loenhout, Oostmalle                          | Goud   | ↑  | NVT    | Huijbergen, Bladel, Lieshout, Hofstade, Pijnacker                  | 15                  |
| 2003-2004 | Turijn                                                                |                                 | Oostmalle                                    | 11e    | ↑  | DNF    | Woerden, Vossem, Kalmthout                                         | 5                   |
| 2004-2005 | Pijnacker, Milaan                                                     | St-Michielsgestel               | Loenhout                                     | 6e     | ↑  | 6e     | Woerden, Moergestel, Kalmthout, Overijse, Pétange                  | 10                  |
| 2005-2006 | Kalmthout, Pijnacker, Milaan, Hofstade, Hooglede, Lièvin, Hoogerheide | St-Michielsgestel               | Oudenaarde, Oostmalle                        | Brons  | ↑  | 6e     | Hamburg, Woerden, Moergestel, Overijse                             | 15                  |
| 2006-2007 |                                                                       |                                 |                                              | 4e     | ↑  | Goud   | Harderwijk, Frankfurt, Overijse, Veghel                            | 6                   |
| 2007-2008 | Kalmthout, Koksijde, Milaan                                           | Veghel                          | Oudenaarde, Lille, Oostmalle, eindklassement | 8e     | ↑  | Goud   | Woerden, Moergestel, Antwerpen, Huijbergen                         | 13                  |
| 2008-2009 | Kalmthout, Milaan                                                     |                                 | Loenhout, Lille, eindklassement              | 7e     | ↑  | 5e     | Woerden, Tervuren                                                  | 7                   |
| 2009-2010 | Kalmthout, eindklassement                                             | Gieten                          | Namen, Loenhout, eindklassement              | Brons  | ↑  | Zilver | Antwerpen, Tervuren                                                | 9                   |
| 2010-2011 |                                                                       | Zonhoven                        | Oostmalle                                    | DNF    | ↑  | Goud   | Woerden                                                            | 4                   |
| 2011-2012 | Koksijde, eindklassement                                              | Zogge, Middelkerke, Hoogstraten | Baal, Oostmalle, eindklassement              | Zilver | ↑  | Goud   | Woerden, Heerlen                                                   | 11                  |

### Mountainbike
2002
- Hondsrug Classic
- NK

2004
- Hondsrug Classic
- MTB Topcompetitie

2007
- Hondsrug Classic

2008
- Hondsrug Classic

2009
- Stappenbelt Rabobank MTB Trophy

title: Daphny van den Brand

wikitext:
{{Infobox wielrenner
| naam                        = Daphny van den Brand
| volledigenaam               =
| afbeelding                  = Daphny van den Brand 1.jpg
| bijnaam                     =
| geboortedatum               = [[6 april]] [[1978]]
| geboortestad                = [[Zeeland (Noord-Brabant)|Zeeland]]
| geboorteland                = [[Nederland]]
| nationaliteit               = {{NL}}se
| lengte                      = 158
| gewicht                     = 51
| ploeg                       = Gestopt
| jaren                       =
2001

2005
2006 - 2012
| vorigeploegen               = {{NL-VLAG}} [[Empella-VKS]]
{{BE-VLAG}} [[Farm Frites-Hartol]]
{{NL-VLAG}} [[Heijdens-Ten Tusscher]]
{{nowrap|{{NL-VLAG}} [[AA Drink (wielerploeg)|Van Bemmelen-AA Drink]]}}
{{NL-VLAG}} [[ZZPR.nl]]
| prestaties                  =
| discipline                  = [[Veldrijden]], [[mountainbiken]]
| extras                      =
| extra                       =
| zeges                       =
| zegejaren                   =
}}
'''Daphny van den Brand''' ([[Zeeland (Noord-Brabant)|Zeeland]], [[6 april]] [[1978]]) is een [[Nederland]]s voormalig veldrijdster.

==Loopbaan==
Daphny van den Brand begon met fietsen toen ze acht jaar oud was. Al op jonge leeftijd reed ze mee met diverse wedstrijden en won ze zelfs regelmatig in wedstrijden waarin jongens uitkwamen. Haar sterkste punt bleek al snel de sprint te zijn, waarin ze haar concurrenten bijna altijd wist te verslaan.

Bij de Nederlandse juniorenselectie kwam Van den Brand in een sterk team te rijden, maar wist ze nog altijd regelmatig haar wedstrijden in de sprint te winnen. Wel moest ze regelmatig rijdsters als [[Mirella van Melis]] en [[Sonja van Kuik]] voor laten gaan. In 1993 pakte ze als juniore haar eerste medaille in het veldrijden door in [[Sint-Michielsgestel (plaats)|Sint-Michielsgestel]] de bronzen medaille op te eisen achter [[Natascha den Ouden]] en [[Jet Jongeling]].

In 1994 werd ze door bondscoach [[Leo van Zeeland]] gevraagd of ze eens een wedstrijd wilde mountainbiken. Ze reed mee tijdens een wedstrijd in [[Bergschenhoek]] en werd meteen vijfde. Daarna reed ze nog mee tijdens het EK en WK junioren en werd beide keren zevende. Van den Brand werd het rijden op de weg beu en verkoos het mountainbiken en het veldrijden boven de wegwedstrijden. Deze overstap leverde haar een hoop successen op. In de jaren daaropvolgend werd Van den Brand elfvoudig [[Nederlands kampioenschap veldrijden|Nederlands kampioene veldrijden]]. In [[Monopoli]] werd ze in 2003 zelfs wereldkampioene. Ook werd ze in 2003 Nederlands kampioene op de mountainbike.

In 2006 pakte ze de bronzen medaille tijdens het [[Wereldkampioenschap veldrijden 2006|WK veldrijden 2006]] terwijl ze de huizenhoge favoriete was. Materiaalpech zorgde er echter voor dat ze op achterstand kwam te rijden, waarna [[Marianne Vos]] wereldkampioene werd voor [[Hanka Kupfernagel]]. Ook werd zij Europees kampioen veldrijden, een titel die zij in 2007 met succes verdedigde.<ref>{{Citeer web |url=https://www.nu.nl/news/1300368/40/Van_den_Brand_Europees_kampioene.html |titel=Van den Brand Europees kampioene |website=NU.nl |datum=2007-11-04 |bezochtdatum=2023-06-21 |archiefdatum=2008-03-13 |archiefurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313192151/http://www.nu.nl/news/1300368/40/Van_den_Brand_Europees_kampioene.html |dodeurl=ja }}</ref>

In 2010 werd ze wederom Europees kampioen.<ref>{{Citeer web |url=http://www.nusport.nl/wielrennen/2373358/van-brand-wint-opnieuw-ek-veldrijden.html |titel=Van den Brand wint opnieuw EK veldrijden |website=NU.nl |datum=2010-11-07 }}</ref>

In het seizoen 2011-2012 won ze de [[Wereldbeker veldrijden 2011-2012|Wereldbeker]]. Tegen het einde van dat seizoen besloot ze te stoppen met veldrijden. Haar laatste veldrit was in [[Oostmalle]], die ze wist te winnen.

==Palmares==
===Veldrijden===
{| class="wikitable"
!Seizoen
![[Wereldbeker veldrijden|Wereldbeker]]
![[Superprestige veldrijden|Superprestige]]
![[GvA Trofee Veldrijden|GvA Trofee]]
![[Bestand:Jersey rainbow.svg|25px|Regenboogtrui]][[Wereldkampioenschap veldrijden|WK]]
![[Bestand:Jersey dutchflag.svg|25px|NK]] [[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden|NK]]
!{{EU-VLAG}} [[Europese kampioenschappen veldrijden|EK]]
!Overige
!Totaal aantal zeges
|-
|1993-1994
|
|
|
|NVT
|{{zilver}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 1994|↑]]
|NVT
|
|align="center"|0
|-
|1994-1995
|
|
|
|NVT
|{{zilver}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 1995|↑]]
|NVT
|
|align="center"|0
|-
|1995-1996
|
|
|
|NVT
|[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 1996|5e]]
|NVT
|
|align="center"|0
|-
|1996-1997
|
|[[Cyclocross Gieten|Gieten]]
|
|NVT
|[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 1997|4e]]
|NVT
|Reusel
|align="center"|2
|-
|1997-1998
|
|[[Cyclocross Gieten|Gieten]]
|
|NVT
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 1998|↑]]
|NVT
|Reusel, Moergestel
|align="center"|4
|-
|1998-1999
|
|St-Michielsgestel, [[Cyclocross Gieten|Gieten]]
|[[Azencross|Loenhout]]
|NVT
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 1999|↑]]
|NVT
|Boxel, Reusel
|align="center"|6
|-
|1999-2000
|
|[[Cyclocross Gieten|Gieten]]
|
|{{brons}}
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2000|↑]]
|NVT
|
|align="center"|2
|-
|2000-2001
|
|St-Michielsgestel, [[Cyclocross Gieten|Gieten]]
|[[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]]
|{{brons}}
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2001|↑]]
|NVT
|[[GP Région Wallonne|Dottenijs]], Leudelange, [[GP Montferland|Zeddam]]
|align="center"|7
|-
|2001-2002
|
|St-Michielsgestel
|[[Azencross|Loenhout]]
|{{brons}}
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2002|↑]]
|NVT
|Huijbergen, Amersfoort, [[Druivencross|Overijse]], Hofstade, Pijnacker, [[GP Adrie van der Poel|Hoogerheide]]
|align="center"|9
|-
|2002-2003
|Frankfurt, [[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]], Liévin, Wetzikon, [[GP Adrie van der Poel|Hoogerheide]], '''eindklassement'''
|
|[[Azencross|Loenhout]], [[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]]
|{{goud}}
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2003|↑]]
|NVT
|Huijbergen, Bladel, Lieshout, Hofstade, Pijnacker
|align="center"|15
|-
|2003-2004
|Turijn
|
|[[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]]
|11e
|{{zilver}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2004|↑]]
|DNF
|[[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]], [[Witloofveldrit|Vossem]], [[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]]
|align="center"|5
|-
|2004-2005
|Pijnacker, Milaan
|St-Michielsgestel
|[[Azencross|Loenhout]]
|6e
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2005|↑]]
|6e
|[[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]], Moergestel, [[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]], [[Druivencross|Overijse]], Pétange
|align="center"|10
|-
|2005-2006
|[[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]], Pijnacker, Milaan, Hofstade, Hooglede, Lièvin, [[GP Adrie van der Poel|Hoogerheide]]
|St-Michielsgestel
|[[Koppenbergcross|Oudenaarde]], [[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]]
|{{brons}}
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2006|↑]]
|6e
|Hamburg, [[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]], Moergestel, [[Druivencross|Overijse]]
|align="center"|15
|-
|2006-2007
|
|
|
|4e
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2007|↑]]
|{{goud}}
|Harderwijk, Frankfurt, [[Druivencross|Overijse]], [[Internationale cyclocross Veghel-Eerde|Veghel]]
|align="center"|6
|-
|2007-2008
|[[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]], [[Duinencross|Koksijde]], Milaan
|[[Internationale cyclocross Veghel-Eerde|Veghel]]
|[[Koppenbergcross|Oudenaarde]], [[Krawatencross|Lille]], [[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]], '''eindklassement'''
|8e
|{{zilver}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2008|↑]]
|{{goud}}
|[[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]], Moergestel, [[Scheldecross|Antwerpen]], Huijbergen
|align="center"|13
|-
|2008-2009
|[[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]], Milaan
|
|[[Azencross|Loenhout]], [[Krawatencross|Lille]], '''eindklassement'''
|7e
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2009|↑]]
|5e
|[[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]], [[Witloofveldrit|Tervuren]]
|align="center"|7
|-
|2009-2010
|[[Vlaamse Industrieprijs Bosduin|Kalmthout]], '''eindklassement'''
|[[Cyclocross Gieten|Gieten]]
|[[Citadelcross|Namen]], [[Azencross|Loenhout]], '''eindklassement'''
|{{brons}}
|{{goud}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2010|↑]]
|{{zilver}}
|[[Scheldecross|Antwerpen]], [[Witloofveldrit|Tervuren]]
|align="center"|9
|-
|2010-2011
|
|[[Cyclocross Zonhoven|Zonhoven]]
|[[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]]
|DNF
|{{zilver}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2011|↑]]
|{{goud}}
|[[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]]
|align="center"|4
|-
|2011-2012
|[[Duinencross|Koksijde]], '''eindklassement'''
|[[Bollekescross|Zogge]], [[Noordzeecross|Middelkerke]], [[Vlaamse Aardbeiencross|Hoogstraten]]
|[[GP Sven Nys|Baal]], [[Internationale Sluitingsprijs|Oostmalle]], '''eindklassement'''
|{{zilver}}
|{{zilver}}[[Nederlandse kampioenschappen veldrijden 2012|↑]]
|{{goud}}
|[[Nacht van Woerden|Woerden]], [[Cyclocross Heerlen|Heerlen]]
|align="center"|11
|}

===Mountainbike===
'''2002'''
* [[Hondsrug Classic]]
* [[Bestand:Jersey dutchflag.svg|25px|NK]] [[Nederlandse kampioenschappen mountainbike|NK]]

'''2004'''
* Hondsrug Classic
* [[MTB Topcompetitie]]

'''2007'''
* Hondsrug Classic

'''2008'''
* Hondsrug Classic

'''2009'''
* [[Stappenbelt Rabobank MTB Trophy]]

{{Appendix|2=
{{References}}
----
{{Standaardlinks wielrenner}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brand van den, Daphny}}
[[Categorie:Nederlands veldrijder]]
[[Categorie:Nederlands mountainbiker]]

title: Persoonlijke informatie

Geboortedatum: 6 april 1978

Geboorteplaats: Zeeland, Nederland

Nationaliteit: Nederlandse

Gewicht: 51 kg

title: Sportieve informatie

Huidige ploeg: Gestopt

Discipline(s): Veldrijden, mountainbiken

title: Ploegen

Empella-VKS · Farm Frites-Hartol · Heijdens-Ten Tusscher · Van Bemmelen-AA Drink · ZZPR.nl

Portaal: Wielersport


text:
# Vila Viçosa
Vila Viçosa ('vilɐ vi'sɔzɐ, Villaviciosa in spagnolo) è un comune portoghese di 8 871 abitanti situato nel distretto di Évora.

## Società

### Evoluzione demografica
| Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004) |
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| 1801                                     | 1849                                     | 1900                                     | 1930                                     | 1960                                     | 1981                                     | 1991                                     | 2001                                     | 2004                                     |
| 5 697                                    | 5 821                                    | 7 163                                    | 8 444                                    | 9 974                                    | 8 546                                    | 9 068                                    | 8 871                                    | 8 745                                    |

## Freguesias(Frazioni)
- Bencatel
- Ciladas
- Conceição (Vila Viçosa)
- Pardais
- São Bartolomeu (Vila Viçosa)

## Monumenti
- Palazzo Ducale (XVI-XIX secolo)

wikiname: itwiki

title: Vila Viçosa

in_language: it

wikitext:
{{Divisione amministrativa
|Nome = Vila Viçosa
|Nome ufficiale =
|Panorama = Vila Viçosa Paços do Concelho.jpg
|Didascalia =
|Stato = PRT
|Grado amministrativo = 3
|Divisione amm grado 1 = Alentejo
|Divisione amm grado 2 = Évora
|Amministratore locale =
|Partito =
|Data elezione =
|Data istituzione =
|Latitudine gradi = 38
|Latitudine minuti = 46
|Latitudine secondi =
|Latitudine NS = N
|Longitudine gradi = 7
|Longitudine minuti = 25
|Longitudine secondi =
|Longitudine EW = W
|Altitudine =
|Superficie = 195
|Note superficie =
|Abitanti = 8871
|Note abitanti =
|Aggiornamento abitanti = 2001
|Sottodivisioni =
|Divisioni confinanti = [[Alandroal]], [[Borba (Portogallo)|Borba]], [[Elvas]] ([[Distretto di Portalegre|12]]), [[Redondo (Portogallo)|Redondo]]
|Lingue =
|Prefisso = (+351) 268
|Codice ISO =
|Codice statistico =
|Targa =
|Nome abitanti =
|Patrono =
|Festivo =
|Raggruppamento = [[Alentejo Centrale]]
|Immagine localizzazione = LocalVilaVicosa.svg
|Mappa =
}}
'''Vila Viçosa''' ({{IPA|'vilɐ vi'sɔzɐ}}, ''Villaviciosa'' in [[lingua spagnola|spagnolo]]) è un [[Divisioni amministrative del Portogallo|comune portoghese]] di {{formatnum:8871}} abitanti situato nel [[distretto di Évora]].

==Società==
===Evoluzione demografica===
{{Tmp|Demografia}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="9" | Popolazione di Vila Viçosa (1801 – 2004)
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
| align="center" | [[1801]]
| align="center" | [[1849]]
| align="center" | [[1900]]
| align="center" | [[1930]]
| align="center" | [[1960]]
| align="center" | [[1981]]
| align="center" | [[1991]]
| align="center" | [[2001]]
| align="center" | [[2004]]
|-
| align="center" | {{formatnum:5697}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:5821}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:7163}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:8444}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:9974}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:8546}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:9068}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:8871}}
| align="center" | {{formatnum:8745}}
|}

== ''Freguesias'' (Frazioni) ==
* [[Bencatel]]
* [[Ciladas]]
* [[Conceição (Vila Viçosa)]]
* [[Pardais]]
* [[São Bartolomeu (Vila Viçosa)]]

==Monumenti==
* [[Palazzo Ducale (Vila Viçosa)|Palazzo Ducale]] (XVI-XIX secolo)

==Altri progetti==
{{interprogetto}}

==Collegamenti esterni==
*{{cita web|url=http://www.anmp.pt/munp/mun/mun205w1.php?dis=07&cod=M7160|titolo=Le freguesias di Vila Viçosa sul sito dell'Associação Nacional Municípios Portugueses|urlmorto=sì|accesso=2 novembre 2006|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015010513/http://www.anmp.pt/munp/mun/mun205w1.php?dis=07&cod=M7160|dataarchivio=15 ottobre 2006}}

{{Comuni del distretto di Évora}}

{{Controllo di autorità}}
{{Portale|Portogallo}}
[[Categoria:Vila Viçosa| ]]
[[Categoria:Comuni del distretto di Évora|Vila Vicosa]]
[[Categoria:Candidati alla lista dei Patrimoni dell'umanità del Portogallo]]

title: Localizzazione

Stato: Portogallo

Regione: Alentejo

Distretto: Évora

title: Territorio

Superficie: 195 km²

Comuni confinanti: Alandroal, Borba, Elvas (12), Redondo

title: Altre informazioni

Subregione: Alentejo Centrale

title: Cartografia

Cartografia: Vila Viçosa – Localizzazione


text:
# Buckingham, Quebec
Buckingham is a former town located in the Outaouais region in the western portion of the province of Quebec, Canada. Since January 1, 2002, it has been part of the amalgamated city of Gatineau, which merged five former municipalities, including Masson-Angers, Buckingham, Hull, Aylmer and Gatineau, into a single entity. According to the 2021 Census, the population of the sector was 12,795.

## History

### First years
It was in 1799, that land in this area was granted to John Robertson, a former member of a British regiment. The first people settled in Buckingham in 1823 and the first mill was built. More people moved to Buckingham in the years that followed.

### Launch of the lumber industry
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte initiated a continental blockade which forced Great Britain to look to other sources for importing lumber. Soon, large wooded areas were discovered in Lower Canada, including the area that became the Outaouais region. The lumber industry was central to the region's economic development for over a century with wood pulp continuing to be important for several decades afterwards. In 1837, the first sawmill was built by Levi Bigelow.
In January 1849, the Hudson's Bay Company opened a store in Buckingham at the mouth of the Lièvre River. It moved there from Lac des Sables to give HBC staff better control of indigenous traders coming down the Ottawa, Gatineau, and Blanche Rivers, as well as the ability to trade with lumberjacks and settlers. The store closed around 1870.

### Maclaren family
Throughout its history, the city of Buckingham's economy has been dominated by the Albright and Wilson Co (ERCO), which employs most of the people in that area. The Maclaren family may have lived in Buckingham but their industry is part of Masson.
The Maclaren family, who have resided in the region since 1840, have dominated the lumber industry in the Outaouais for over a century. In 1864, James Maclaren launched the family's activities in Buckingham by building a sawmill. The company became J. MacLaren & Co. and later The James Maclaren Company Limited. James' two brothers acquired the company after his death in 1892 and then launched a match company in Buckingham in 1894 which was incorporated a year later. The Maclarens later gained control of the hydroelectricity market in the community and also real estate development and sports facilities. The company built a hydroelectric dam along the Du Lièvre River, just north of Buckingham, at the start of the Great Depression. They later built another one near Masson during the 1950s.
In 1902, the Maclaren group added the wood pulp industry to its activities by building a mill. They later expanded their activities across the region, adding mills in Masson, Mont-Laurier and Thurso located not too far from the Du Lièvre River. The Buckingham mill closed shortly before 1960.

### Former amalgamation
From 1975 to 1980, the townships of Buckingham, Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, L'Ange-Gardien, Buckingham-Sud-Est, Buckingham-Ouest, Angers and Masson were amalgamated.

### Development
Population growth has been relatively slow because of its location about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from downtown Ottawa. However, due to suburban growth and amalgamation of the town in 2002, several residential developments were created and the population increased. Buckingham is becoming more of a suburban town while still keeping its traditional characteristics in the centre-town area.

### Amalgamation with the city of Gatineau
On January 1, 2002, the city of Buckingham with its 12,000 residents became part of the new city of Gatineau. This was part of a massive merger movement created by the Parti Québécois' Bill 180, which was introduced in 2000 by the Municipal Affairs Minister Louise Harel after studies conducted by public agents.
In 2003, the Quebec Liberal Party, with Jean Charest as the leader, won the 2003 provincial election and promised a referendum would be held on the possibility of demerging municipalities. The referendum was held on June 20, 2004, but the majority of the population voted against the demerger and Buckingham thus remained part of the city of Gatineau.

### Château dairy
The dairy industry was also a major economic asset in the community with Le Château having some of its operations in Buckingham. However, in 2006, Agrodor, a Saguenay-based company that owns the Chateau brand, announced the shutdown of its operations in the Outaouais. The local business sector had launched measures to save the company which has operated in the region since 1943.
After the shutdown of the Château dairy operations in Buckingham, a committee was established to bring dairy production back to the region. Construction started on November 12, 2008, on the future site of what would be called Laiterie de l’Outaouais. The plant officially opened on June 16, 2010.

### Buckingham en Fête
Each year since 1991, during the month of July, the Buckingham sector hosted Buckingham en Fête, its biggest annual event, which was held in the town's Maclaren Park. Several well-known artists in Quebec and in Canada, including Éric Lapointe, Marjo, Jean Leloup La Chicane, Amanda Marshall and April Wine, have performed over the years at the festival. However, due to financial difficulties, the festival nearly disappeared. According to the festival's website, the 17th edition in 2007 was still expected to go underway as planned.
In 2016, the festival decided to end the celebration of the festivals with its 25th festival due to financial difficulties caused by the raining during the festival.
Over its history, the festival has received numerous distinctions and awards both regionally and provincially.

## Mayors of Buckingham (1868-2001)
Source:
- James Wilson (1867-1871)
- McPherson LeMoine (1872-1873)
- John Cosgrove (1874-1876)
- H.H. Sauvé (1877-1878)
- James Maclaren (1879-1882)
- H.H. Sauvé (1883-1885)
- James Maclaren (1885-1886)
- George L. Parker (1887-1892)
- William J. MacKenzier (1893)
- James Martin (1894-1895)
- Alexander Maclaren (1896-1897)
- John Cosgrove (1898-1899)
- J. Palma Lahaie (1900-1901)
- John Edward Vallilee (1902-1906)
- William H. Kelly (1907-1908)
- Aristide M. LaPierre (1909-1910)
- John F. Higginson (1911-1918)
- Désiré Lahaie (1918-1926)
- F.C. Dunscombe (1926-1928)
- Aristide M. LaPierre (1928-1930)
- Wolfe J. Costello (1930-1932)
- Philoxime A. Fournier (1932-1944)
- Philias Matte (1944-1948)
- Elzéar Malette (1948-1950)
- Philias Matte (1950-1956)
- Arthur Latour (1956-1958)
- Reginald Cameron (1958-1962)
- Ulysse Tremblay (1962-1967)
- Roger D'Aoust (1967-1974)
- Reginald W. Scullion (1975-1995)
- Jacques Lareau (1995-1999)
- Jocelyne Houle (1999-2001)

## Education
The Western Québec School Board (WQSB) operates the only English public school in the sector which is Buckingham Elementary School. WQSB also operates the closest public English secondary schools which are Hadley Junior High School and Philemon Wright High School just over 30 minutes away in Gatineau, QC and accessible via school bus.
The Francophone school district Commission scolaire au Cœur-des-Vallées, headquartered in Buckingham, operates public schools in that district.
The closest Francophone CEGEP, Cégep de l'Outaouais, is located half an hour away, with two campuses in Gatineau and one in Hull. Located next to the CEGEP in Hull, the closest public English language College is Heritage College.
The Université du Québec en Outaouais has two pavilions in the Outaouais region, both located in Hull. Students wishing to pursue undergraduate studies also benefit from close proximity to University of Ottawa, although tuition fees tend to be much higher when compared to those in the province of Quebec for Quebec residents.
- Buckingham High School

## Health and social services
The Hôpital de Papineau is located on MacLaren East Street at the intersection of Bélanger Street. Services include outpatient clinics for mental health care, as well as many medical and surgical specialties such as internal medicine, orthopedics, general surgery and endoscopy. An emergency department with medical imaging and laboratory services is also available 24/7.

## Transportation
Société de transport de l'Outaouais (STO) is the transit service of the Outaouais region of Quebec. It operates conventional services and the Rapibus, a bus rapid transit service, in Gatineau, Quebec, including the districts of Hull, Aylmer, Gatineau, Buckingham and Masson-Angers. STO is located on the Quebec-side of Canada's National Capital Region, and operates several bus routes through Downtown Ottawa, Ontario.

wikiname: enwiki

title: Buckingham, Quebec

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | name                 = Buckingham
 | settlement_type      = Sector within City of [[Gatineau]]
 | native_name          =
 | nickname             =
 | motto                =
 | image_skyline        = Buckingham QC.JPG
 | image_caption        =
 | image_map            =
 | image_shield         = Blason de la commune de Buckingham (Québec).svg
 | map_caption          =
 | pushpin_map          = Canada Western Quebec
 | pushpin_map_caption  = Location in western Quebec
 | pushpin_label_position=top
 | coordinates          = {{coord|format=dms|region:CA-QC_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title,inline}}
 | subdivision_type     = Country
 | subdivision_name     = [[Canada]]
 | subdivision_type1    = Province
 | subdivision_name1    = [[Quebec]]
 | subdivision_type2    = [[List of regions of Quebec|Region]]
 | subdivision_name2    = [[Outaouais]]
 | subdivision_type3    = City
 | subdivision_name3    = [[Gatineau]]
 | established_title    = Settled
 | established_date     = 1824
 | established_title1   = Established
 | established_date1    =
 | established_title2   = Dissolved
 | established_date2    = January 1, 2002
 | government_footnotes =
 | government_type      =
 | leader_title         =
 | leader_name          =
 | leader_title1        =
 | leader_name1         =
 | area_total_km2       =
 | area_land_km2        = 16.232
 | area_water_km2       =
 | area_footnotes       = <ref>{{cite web |language=fr |url=https://voute.bape.gouv.qc.ca/dl/?id=00000111225 |title= Répertoire des municipalités — Communauté urbaine de l'Outaouais |author= |website=voute.bape.gouv.qc.ca |access-date=September 6, 2024}}</ref>
 | elevation_footnotes  =
 | elevation_m          =
 | population_as_of     = 2021
 | population_note      =
 | population_footnotes = <ref name="cp21"/>
 | population_total     = 12795
 | population_density_km2=788
 | population_blank1_title = Pop 2016–2021
 | population_blank1    = {{increase}} 4.7%
 | population_blank2_title = Dwellings
 | population_blank2 = 5855
 | timezone             = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
 | utc_offset           = -5
 | timezone_DST         = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
 | utc_offset_DST       = -4
 | postal_code_type     =
 | postal_code          =
 | area_codes            = [[Area codes 819 and 873|819, 873]]
 | blank_name_sec1      =
 | blank_info_sec1      =
 | website              =
 | footnotes            =
}}

'''Buckingham''' is a [[List of former municipalities in Quebec|former town]] located in the [[Outaouais]] region in the western portion of the province of [[Quebec]], Canada. Since January 1, 2002, it has been part of the [[Amalgamation (politics)|amalgamated]] city of [[Gatineau]], which merged five former municipalities, including [[Masson-Angers]], Buckingham, [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]], [[Aylmer, Quebec|Aylmer]] and Gatineau, into a single entity. According to the 2021 Census, the population of the sector was 12,795.<ref name="cp21">{{cite web |language=fr |title= Population — Secteurs de la ville : Buckingham |url=https://www3.gatineau.ca/Infoterritoire/WebInterface/views/mapviewer.aspx?SujetId=bdcf4845-9e11-4c4f-928f-b44e3ec511e2&ThemeId=5988acc1-79a2-422e-a37d-0b9cffdd4026 |website=gatineau.ca |publisher=Ville de Gatineau |access-date=September 6, 2024}}</ref>

==History==
===First years===
It was in 1799, that land in this area was granted to John Robertson, a former member of a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] regiment. The first people settled in Buckingham in 1823 and the first mill was built. More people moved to Buckingham in the years that followed.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://maclaren.iquebec.com/ Historique/ History Buckingham (Québec) Canada, Maclaren Etc] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424055437/http://maclaren.iquebec.com/|date=April 24, 2006}}</ref>

===Launch of the lumber industry===
In 1812, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] initiated a [[Continental System|continental blockade]] which forced [[Great Britain]] to look to other sources for importing lumber. Soon, large wooded areas were discovered in [[Lower Canada]], including the area that became the [[Outaouais]] region. The [[lumber industry]] was central to the region's economic development for over a century with [[wood pulp]] continuing to be important for several decades afterwards. In 1837, the first sawmill was built by Levi Bigelow.

In January 1849, the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] opened a store in Buckingham at the mouth of the [[Lièvre River]]. It moved there from Lac des Sables to give HBC staff better control of indigenous traders coming down the [[Ottawa River|Ottawa]], [[Gatineau River|Gatineau]], and Blanche Rivers, as well as the ability to trade with lumberjacks and settlers. The store closed around 1870.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hudson's Bay Company, Buckingham |url=http://pam.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/PAM_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%20178?sessionsearch |website=pam.minisisinc.com |publisher=Archives of Manitoba |access-date=March 14, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Maclaren family===
Throughout its history, the city of Buckingham's economy has been dominated by the Albright and Wilson Co (ERCO), which employs most of the people in that area. The Maclaren family may have lived in Buckingham but their industry is part of Masson.

The Maclaren family, who have resided in the region since 1840, have dominated the lumber industry in the Outaouais for over a century. In 1864, [[James Maclaren]] launched the family's activities in Buckingham by building a sawmill. The company became J. MacLaren & Co. and later The James Maclaren Company Limited. James' two brothers acquired the company after his death in 1892 and then launched a [[match]] company in Buckingham in 1894 which was incorporated a year later. The Maclarens later gained control of the [[hydroelectricity]] market in the community and also [[real estate]] development and sports facilities. The company built a hydroelectric dam along the [[Du Lièvre River]], just north of Buckingham, at the start of the [[Great Depression]]. They later built another one near Masson during the 1950s.

In 1902, the Maclaren group added the wood pulp industry to its activities by building a mill. They later expanded their activities across the region, adding mills in [[Masson-Angers, Quebec|Masson]], [[Mont-Laurier]] and [[Thurso, Quebec|Thurso]] located not too far from the Du Lièvre River. The Buckingham mill closed shortly before 1960.

=== Former amalgamation ===
{{See also|20th-century municipal history of Quebec}}
From 1975 to 1980, the townships of Buckingham, [[Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, Quebec#History|Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette]], [[L'Ange-Gardien, Outaouais, Quebec#History|L'Ange-Gardien]], Buckingham-Sud-Est, Buckingham-Ouest, [[Masson-Angers#History|Angers and Masson]] were amalgamated.

===Development===
Population growth has been relatively slow because of its location about {{convert|30|km}} from downtown [[Ottawa]]. However, due to [[suburban]] growth and amalgamation of the town in 2002, several residential developments were created and the population increased. Buckingham is becoming more of a suburban town while still keeping its traditional characteristics in the centre-town area.

===Amalgamation with the city of Gatineau===
On January 1, 2002, the city of Buckingham with its 12,000 residents became part of the new city of Gatineau. This was part of a massive merger movement created by the [[Parti Québécois]]' Bill 180, which was introduced in 2000 by the Municipal Affairs [[Minister (government)|Minister]] [[Louise Harel]] after studies conducted by public agents.

In 2003, the [[Quebec Liberal Party]], with [[Jean Charest]] as the leader, won the [[2003 Quebec general election|2003 provincial election]] and promised a [[referendum]] would be held on the possibility of demerging municipalities. The referendum was held on June 20, 2004, but the majority of the population voted against the demerger and Buckingham thus remained part of the city of Gatineau.

===Château dairy===
The [[dairy industry]] was also a major economic asset in the community with Le Château having some of its operations in Buckingham. However, in 2006, Agrodor, a [[Saguenay, Quebec|Saguenay-based]] company that owns the Chateau brand, announced the shutdown of its operations in the Outaouais. The local business sector had launched measures to save the company which has operated in the region since 1943.<ref>{{cite news | title = Un plan B pour la relance de la laiterie Château (Plan B for the relaunch of Château dairy) |language=fr |newspaper=Le Droit | date = December 23, 2006 | page = 5}}
- {{cite news | title = Soixante-trois ans d'histoire (Sixty-three years of history) |language=fr |newspaper=Le Droit | date = December 29, 2006 | page = 3}}</ref>

After the shutdown of the Château dairy operations in Buckingham, a committee was established to bring dairy production back to the region. Construction started on November 12, 2008, on the future site of what would be called Laiterie de l’Outaouais. The plant officially opened on June 16, 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.laiterieoutaouais.ca/about-us/?lang=en | title=About Us | la laiterie de l'Outaouais }}</ref>

===Buckingham en Fête===
[[File:Buckingham en Fete.png|right|200pxl]]
Each year since 1991, during the month of July, the Buckingham sector hosted Buckingham en Fête, its biggest annual event, which was held in the town's Maclaren Park. Several well-known artists in Quebec and in Canada, including [[Éric Lapointe (singer)|Éric Lapointe]], [[Marjo (singer)|Marjo]], [[Jean Leloup]] [[La Chicane]], [[Amanda Marshall]] and [[April Wine]], have performed over the years at the festival. However, due to financial difficulties, the festival nearly disappeared. According to the festival's website, the 17th edition in 2007 was still expected to go underway as planned.<ref>{{cite news | author = Verner, Stephanie | title = Buckingham en Fête : plus en vie que jamais! |work=Le Bulletin de la Lievre |location=Buckingham | date = November 12, 2006 | page = 3}}</ref>
In 2016, the festival decided to end the celebration of the festivals with its 25th festival due to financial difficulties caused by the raining during the festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ledroit.com/actualites/buckingham-en-fete-est-mort-ec12ac7f9263ffe2de878ad6c25ca263|title = Buckingham en fête est mort|date = September 27, 2017}}</ref>
Over its history, the festival has received numerous distinctions and awards both regionally and provincially.

==Mayors of Buckingham (1868-2001)==
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ville.gatineau.qc.ca/docs/histoire_cartes_statistiques/archives/docs/BuckMairie.htm |title=Ville de Buckingham (1867-2001) |publisher=City of Gatineau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808155637/http://www.ville.gatineau.qc.ca/docs/histoire_cartes_statistiques/archives/docs/BuckMairie.htm |archive-date=August 8, 2014 }}</ref>
{{Div col}}
*James Wilson (1867-1871)
*McPherson LeMoine (1872-1873)
*John Cosgrove (1874-1876)
*H.H. Sauvé (1877-1878)
*[[James Maclaren]] (1879-1882)
*H.H. Sauvé (1883-1885)
*James Maclaren (1885-1886)
*George L. Parker (1887-1892)
*William J. MacKenzier (1893)
*James Martin (1894-1895)
*Alexander Maclaren (1896-1897)
*John Cosgrove (1898-1899)
*J. Palma Lahaie (1900-1901)
*John Edward Vallilee (1902-1906)
*William H. Kelly (1907-1908)
*Aristide M. LaPierre (1909-1910)
*John F. Higginson (1911-1918)
*Désiré Lahaie (1918-1926)
*F.C. Dunscombe (1926-1928)
*Aristide M. LaPierre (1928-1930)
*Wolfe J. Costello (1930-1932)
*Philoxime A. Fournier (1932-1944)
*Philias Matte (1944-1948)
*Elzéar Malette (1948-1950)
*Philias Matte (1950-1956)
*Arthur Latour (1956-1958)
*Reginald Cameron (1958-1962)
*Ulysse Tremblay (1962-1967)
*Roger D'Aoust (1967-1974)
*Reginald W. Scullion (1975-1995)
*Jacques Lareau (1995-1999)
*Jocelyne Houle (1999-2001)
{{Div col end}}

==Education==
The [[Western Québec School Board]] (WQSB) operates the only English public school in the sector which is Buckingham Elementary School.<ref>{{cite web |title=Western Québec School Board - Elementary Schools - Buckingham Elementary School |url=https://westernquebec.ca/school-categories/elementary-schools/#buckingham-elementary-school |website=Western Québec School Board |access-date=August 12, 2022}}</ref> WQSB also operates the closest public English secondary schools which are Hadley Junior High School<ref>{{cite web |title=Western Québec School Board - High Schools - Hadley Junior High School |url=https://westernquebec.ca/school-categories/high-schools/#hadley-junior-high-school |website=Western Québec School Board |access-date=August 12, 2022}}</ref> and [[Philemon Wright High School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Western Québec School Board - High Schools - Philemon Wright High School |url=https://westernquebec.ca/school-categories/high-schools/#philemon-wright-high-school |website=Western Québec School Board |access-date=August 12, 2022}}</ref> just over 30 minutes away in Gatineau, QC and accessible via school bus.

The Francophone school district [[Commission scolaire au Cœur-des-Vallées]], headquartered in Buckingham, operates public schools in that district.<ref>"[https://www.cscv.qc.ca/spip.php?article5 Contactez-nous] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011085814/https://www.cscv.qc.ca/spip.php?article5 |date=2016-10-11 }}", [[Commission scolaire au Cœur-des-Vallées]]. Retrieved July 15, 2016. "Commission scolaire au Coeur-des-Vallées 582, rue Maclaren Est Gatineau (Québec) J8L 2W2" and "Le centre administratif de la Commission scolaire au Coeur-des-Vallées est situé à Gatineau (secteur Buckingham)".</ref>

The closest Francophone [[CEGEP]], [[Cégep de l'Outaouais]], is located half an hour away, with two campuses in [[Gatineau]] and one in [[Hull, QC|Hull]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CAMPUS FÉLIX-LECLERC |url=http://www.cegepoutaouais.qc.ca/index.php/campus-felix-leclerc |website=Cégep de l'Outaouais |access-date=August 29, 2018}}
 {{cite web |title=CAMPUS GABRIELLE-ROY |url=http://www.cegepoutaouais.qc.ca/index.php/campus-gabrielle-roy |website=Cégep de l'Outaouais |access-date=August 29, 2018}}
- {{cite web |title=CAMPUS LOUIS-REBOUL |url=http://www.cegepoutaouais.qc.ca/index.php/campus-louis-reboul |website=Cégep de l'Outaouais |access-date=August 29, 2018}}</ref> Located next to the [[CEGEP]] in Hull, the closest public English language College is [[Heritage College (Gatineau)|Heritage College]].

The [[Université du Québec en Outaouais]] has two pavilions in the Outaouais region, both located in Hull.<ref>{{cite web |title=Université du Québec en Outaouais |url=https://uqo.ca/english/uqo-glance |website=Université du Québec en Outaouais |access-date=August 29, 2018}}</ref> Students wishing to pursue undergraduate studies also benefit from close proximity to [[University of Ottawa]], although tuition fees tend to be much higher when compared to those in the province of Quebec for Quebec residents.

*[[Buckingham High School, Buckingham, Quebec|Buckingham High School]]

==Health and social services==
The Hôpital de Papineau is located on MacLaren East Street at the intersection of Bélanger Street. Services include [[outpatient clinics]] for [[mental health care]], as well as many medical and surgical specialties such as [[internal medicine]], [[orthopedics]], [[general surgery]] and [[endoscopy]]. An [[emergency department]] with [[medical imaging]] and [[Laboratory medicine|laboratory]] services is also available [[24/7]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hôpital de Papineau|url=http://www.sante.gouv.qc.ca/en/repertoire-ressources/ressource/?nofiche=1201|website=Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux|publisher=Gouvernement du Québec, 2018|access-date=August 29, 2018}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[Société de transport de l'Outaouais]] (STO) is the transit service of the [[Outaouais]] region of [[Quebec]]. It operates conventional services and the [[Rapibus]], a [[bus rapid transit]] service, in [[Gatineau]], Quebec, including the districts of [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]], [[Aylmer, Quebec|Aylmer]], [[Gatineau]], Buckingham and [[Masson-Angers]]. STO is located on the Quebec-side of Canada's [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]], and operates several bus routes through [[Downtown Ottawa]], [[Ontario]].

==See also==
*[[Municipal reorganization in Quebec]]
*[[List of former municipalities in Quebec|List of former cities in Quebec]]
*[[Buckingham District]] - municipal electoral district coinciding with Buckingham

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060424055437/http://maclaren.iquebec.com/ History of Buckingham, Quebec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070509021909/http://www.buckinghamenfete.qc.ca/ Site of Buckingham en Fete]

{{Gatineau}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places established in 1799]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:History of Gatineau]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Gatineau]]
[[Category:Former municipalities in Quebec]]
[[Category:Former cities in Quebec]]
[[Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts]]

title: Buckingham

Country: Canada

Province: Quebec

Region: Outaouais

City: Gatineau

Dissolved: January 1, 2002

title: Area

title: Population (2021)

Time zone: UTC-5 (EST)

• Summer (DST): UTC-4 (EDT)


text:
# Phalanger gymnotis
Phalanger gymnotis är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av Wilhelm Peters och Giacomo Doria 1875. Phalanger gymnotis ingår i släktet kuskusar och familjen klätterpungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

## Utseende
Arten blir 31 till 54 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 29 till 33,5 cm lång svans och väger 1,5 till 4,85 kg. På ovansidan förekommer gråbrun till silvergrå päls med en mörk längsgående strimma på ryggens topp. Pälsen är kort och lite styv. Svansen är bara på ovansidan helt täckt med hår och på undersidan finns flera nakna ställen. Några exemplar har en vit svansspets. Vid artens fötter är en av tårna motsättlig. Förutom könsorganen finns inga ytliga skillnader mellan hannar och honor.

## Utbredning
Pungdjuret förekommer på nästan hela Nya Guinea med undantag av slättlandet i öns centrala södra del. Arten hittas även på mindre öar i samma region. I bergstrakter når den ibland 2 800 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av fuktiga skogar och människans odlingar.

## Ekologi
Phalanger gymnotis klättrar vanligen i den låga växtligheten när den letar efter föda. Den äter frukter, blad, frön och ibland ägg. Arten är nattaktiv och gömmer sig på dagen. När honan inte är brunstig lever varje exemplar ensam och de är aggressiva mot varandra. Ibland utkämpas kortare strider.
Fortplantningssättet är bara känt från individer som hölls i fångenskap. Hos dessa skedde parningen oberoende av årstiden. Hannar strider med varandra om rätten att para sig. Ibland vilar det befruktade ägget innan den egentliga dräktigheten börjar. Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 13 dagar kryper ungen till moderns pung (marsupium) och lever där permanent i cirka tre månader. Under de följande två till fyra månader besöker den ofta pungen för att vila. Exemplar i fångenskap blev upp till 15 år gamla.

## Underarter
Arten delas in i följande underarter:
- P. g. gymnotis
- P. g. leucippus

wikiname: svwiki

title: Phalanger gymnotis

in_language: sv

wikitext:
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Phalanger gymnotis''
| status = LC
| image = Ground Cuscus cotswoldwildlifepark.jpg
| image_caption =
| domain_sv =
| domain =
| regnum_sv = [[Djur]]
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum_sv = [[Ryggsträngsdjur]]
| phylum = Chordata
| subphylum = Vertebrata
| subphylum_sv = [[Ryggradsdjur]]
| classis_sv = [[Däggdjur]]
| classis = Mammalia
| infraclassis = Marsupialia
| infraclassis_sv = [[Pungdjur]]
| ordo_sv = [[Fåframtandade pungdjur]]
| ordo = Diprotodontia
| superfamilia = [[Phalangeroidea]]
| superfamilia_sv =
| familia_sv = [[Klätterpungdjur]]
| familia = Phalangeridae
| genus_sv = [[Kuskusar]]
| genus = Phalanger
| species_sv =
| species = '''Phalanger gymnotis'''
| taxon = Phalanger gymnotis
| taxon_authority = [[Wilhelm Peters (zoolog)|Peters]] och [[Giacomo Doria|Doria]], 1875
| range_map = Ground Cuscus area.png
| range_map_caption = Utbredningsområde
| image2 =
| image2_caption =
| synonyms = ''Strigocuscus gymnotis'' <small>([[Wilhelm Peters (zoolog)|Peters]] och [[Giacomo Doria|Doria]], 1875)</small><ref name = "col728"/><ref name = "col734"/><ref name = "col735"/><ref name = "col819"/>
| status_ref = <ref name = "iucn"/>
}}

'''''Phalanger gymnotis'''''<ref name = "col735"/> är en [[pungdjur]]sart som beskrevs av [[Wilhelm Peters (zoolog)|Wilhelm Peters]] och [[Giacomo Doria]] 1875. ''Phalanger gymnotis'' ingår i [[släkte]]t [[kuskusar]] och [[familj (biologi)|familjen]] [[klätterpungdjur]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> [[IUCN]] kategoriserar arten globalt som [[livskraftig]].<ref name = "iucn"/>

== Utseende ==
Arten blir 31 till 54 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 29 till 33,5 cm lång svans och väger 1,5 till 4,85 kg. På ovansidan förekommer gråbrun till silvergrå päls med en mörk längsgående strimma på ryggens topp. Pälsen är kort och lite styv. Svansen är bara på ovansidan helt täckt med hår och på undersidan finns flera nakna ställen. Några exemplar har en vit svansspets. Vid artens fötter är en av tårna motsättlig. Förutom könsorganen finns inga ytliga skillnader mellan hannar och honor.<ref name="ADW"/>

== Utbredning ==
Pungdjuret förekommer på nästan hela [[Nya Guinea]] med undantag av slättlandet i öns centrala södra del. Arten hittas även på mindre öar i samma region. I bergstrakter når den ibland 2 800 meter över havet. [[Habitat]]et utgörs av fuktiga skogar och människans odlingar.<ref name = "iucn"/>

== Ekologi ==
''Phalanger gymnotis'' klättrar vanligen i den låga växtligheten när den letar efter föda. Den äter frukter, blad, frön och ibland ägg. Arten är nattaktiv och gömmer sig på dagen. När honan inte är [[brunst]]ig lever varje exemplar ensam och de är aggressiva mot varandra. Ibland utkämpas kortare strider.<ref name="ADW"/>

Fortplantningssättet är bara känt från individer som hölls i fångenskap. Hos dessa skedde parningen oberoende av årstiden. Hannar strider med varandra om rätten att para sig. Ibland vilar det befruktade ägget innan den egentliga [[dräktighet]]en börjar. Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 13 dagar kryper ungen till moderns pung ([[marsupium]]) och lever där permanent i cirka tre månader. Under de följande två till fyra månader besöker den ofta pungen för att vila. Exemplar i fångenskap blev upp till 15 år gamla.<ref name="ADW"/>

==Underarter==

Arten delas in i följande underarter:<ref name="COL"/>

* ''P. g. gymnotis''
* ''P. g. leucippus''

==Källor==
<references>
<ref name="COL">{{webbref|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip |titel=Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist. |hämtdatum=24 september 2012 |författare=Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) |datum=2011 |verk= |utgivare=Species 2000: Reading, UK. |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip |arkivdatum=18 juni 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name = "col735">Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , [[Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]], 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2</ref>
<ref name = "source">''[[ITIS]]: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System''. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26</ref>
<ref name = "iucn">{{IUCN2012.2| assessors = | år = 2008| id = 16856| titel = Phalanger gymnotis| hämtdatum = 2012-10-24}}</ref>
<ref name = "col728">Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing</ref>
<ref name = "col734">(1998) , website [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11000047 ''Phalanger gymnotis''], Mammal Species of the World</ref>
<ref name = "col819">Nowak, Ronald M. (1991) , Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.</ref>
<ref name="ADW">{{webbref |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Phalanger_gymnotis/ |titel=Ground cuscus |hämtdatum=23 mars 2018 |författare=Colleen Macke |år=2011 |verk=Animal Diversity Web |utgivare=University of Michigan |språk=engelska}}</ref>
</references>

==Externa länkar==
* {{commonscat|Phalanger gymnotis|''Phalanger gymnotis''}}
* {{wikispecies|Phalanger gymnotis|''Phalanger gymnotis''}}

{{taxonbar}}
[[Kategori:Klätterpungdjur]]
[[Kategori:Phalanger|gymnotis]]
[[Kategori:Däggdjur i australiska regionen]]

title: Systematik

Domän: Eukaryoter · Eukaryota

Rike: Djur · Animalia

Stam: Ryggsträngsdjur · Chordata

Understam: Ryggradsdjur · Vertebrata

Klass: Däggdjur · Mammalia

Infraklass: Pungdjur · Marsupialia

Ordning: Fåframtandade pungdjur · Diprotodontia

Överfamilj: Phalangeroidea

Familj: Klätterpungdjur · Phalangeridae

Släkte: Kuskusar · Phalanger

Art: Phalanger gymnotis

title: Vetenskapligt namn

Vetenskapligt namn: § Phalanger gymnotis

Auktor: Peters och Doria, 1875

title: Utbredning

Utbredning: Utbredningsområde

title: Synonymer

Synonymer: Strigocuscus gymnotis (Peters och Doria, 1875)

Synonymer: Hitta fler artiklar om djur med Djurportalen


text:
# OFK Petrovac
O OFK Petrovac é um clube de futebol montenegrino, com sede na cidade de Petrovac. O seu atual presidente chama-se Jovo Zenović. A equipa disputa os seus jogos caseiros no Pod Malim Brdom Stadium em Petrovac.

wikiname: ptwiki

title: OFK Petrovac

in_language: pt

wikitext:
{{Sem fontes|data=agosto de 2020}}
{{Info/Clube de futebol
|img        = OFK Petrovac.png
|res_img    = 160px
|nome_img   =
|nome       = Omladinski fudbalski klub Petrovac
|nomeabrev  = Petrovac
|alcunhas   =
|torcedor   =
|mascote    =
|fundadoem  = {{dtlink|||1969|idade}}
|estádio    = [[Stadion pod Malim Brdom]]
|capacidade = 1.450
|local      = [[Petrovac]], {{MNE}}
|presidente = [[Matija Tepeš]]
|treinador  =
|material   =
|patrocinio =
|liga       = [[Campeonato Montenegrino de Futebol]]
|site       =
|modelo=padrão
|skin1=_macronpropuseco24cw
|skin_be1=_whiteborder
|skin_bd1=_whiteborder
|braçoesquerdo1=87CEFA
|corpo1=87CEFA
|braçodireito1=87CEFA
|calções1=FFFFFF
|meias1=87CEFA
|skin2=_macronwyverneco24cc
|skin_be2=_macronwyverneco24cc
|skin_bd2=_macronwyverneco24cc
|braçoesquerdo2=800000
|corpo2=800000
|braçodireito2=800000
|calções2=800000
|meias2=FFFFFF
|skin3=_macronwyverneco24nw
|skin_be3=_macronwyverneco24nw
|skin_bd3=_macronwyverneco24nw
|skin_calção3=_macronshedeco2425nw
|skin_meia3=
|braçoesquerdo3=
|corpo3=
|braçodireito3=
|calções3=
|meias3=000066
}}

O '''OFK Petrovac''' é um clube de futebol [[Montenegro|montenegrino]], com sede na cidade de [[Petrovac]]. O seu atual presidente chama-se [[Jovo Zenović]]. A equipa disputa os seus jogos caseiros no [[Pod Malim Brdom Stadium]] em [[Petrovac]].

{{esboço-clubefutmne}}

[[Categoria:Clubes de futebol de Montenegro|Petrovac]]
[[Categoria:Clubes de futebol fundados em 1969]]

title: Petrovac

Nome: Omladinski fudbalski klub Petrovac

Estádio: Stadion pod Malim Brdom

Localização: Petrovac, Montenegro

Presidente: Matija Tepeš

Competição: Campeonato Montenegrino de Futebol

Uniforme · titular: Uniforme · alternativo · Uniforme · alternativo


text:
# Capitano Kóblic
Capitano Kóblic (Kóblic) è un film del 2016 diretto da Sebastián Borensztein e interpretato da Ricardo Darín. Il film ha come tema la dittatura argentina tra il 1976 e il 1983.

## Trama
Il film si apre con una descrizione del contesto storico: "Tra il 1976 e il 1983 la dittatura militare argentina commise numerosi crimini di lesa umanità. Uno dei modi più aberranti utilizzati per uccidere consisteva nel lanciare prigionieri vivi in mare da un aereo militare. Erano chiamati 'I voli della morte'".
1977: durante l'ultima dittatura civile-militare argentina, Tomás Kóblic, un pilota della Marina argentina, arriva nella città immaginaria di Colonia Elena, situata da qualche parte nella provincia di Buenos Aires, per lavorare come pilota di fumigazione nei campi della zona. Dal suo arrivo, viene lentamente costruita una storia di intrighi che coinvolge Koblic con Velarde, il commissario locale e alcune persone della città, tra cui Nancy, la persona responsabile della stazione di servizio. Parallelamente, attraverso frammenti, sono narrate le ragioni che hanno spinto il pilota ad abbandonare il suo servizio di aviazione per nascondersi in un posto dimenticato nella pampa argentina.

title: Capitano Kóblic

wikitext:
{{S|film drammatici}}
{{Film
|titolo = Capitano Kóblic
|immagine = Fotogramma dal trailer del film "Capitano Kóblic".jpeg
|didascalia = Nancy ([[Inma Cuesta]]) e Tomás ([[Ricardo Darín]]) in una scena del film
|titolo originale = Kóblic
|paese = [[Argentina]]
|paese 2 = [[Spagna]]
|lingua originale = spagnolo
|anno uscita = 2016
|genere = drammatico
|genere 2 = thriller
|regista = [[Sebastián Borensztein]]
|soggetto = [[Sebastián Borensztein]]
|sceneggiatore = [[Sebastián Borensztein]], [[Alejandro Ocon]]
|attori = * [[Ricardo Darín]]: Tomás Kóblic
* [[Oscar Martínez]]: Velarde
* [[Inma Cuesta]]: Nancy
* [[Marcos Cartoy Díaz]]: Luis
|doppiatori italiani = * [[Paolo Marchese]]: Tomás Kóblic
|fotografo = [[Rodrigo Pulpeiro]]
|montatore =
|effetti speciali = [[Federico Cueva]]
|musicista = [[Juan Federico Jusid]]
|scenografo =
}}

'''''Capitano Kóblic''''' (''Kóblic'') è un [[film]] del [[2016]] diretto da [[Sebastián Borensztein]] e interpretato da [[Ricardo Darín]]. Il film ha come tema la dittatura argentina tra il [[1976]] e il [[1983]].

== Trama ==
Il film si apre con una descrizione del contesto storico: "Tra il 1976 e il 1983 la [[Processo di riorganizzazione nazionale|dittatura militare argentina]] commise numerosi crimini di [[lesa umanità]]. Uno dei modi più aberranti utilizzati per uccidere consisteva nel lanciare prigionieri vivi in mare da un aereo militare. Erano chiamati 'I voli della morte'".

[[1977]]: durante l'ultima dittatura civile-militare argentina, Tomás Kóblic, un pilota della [[Armada de la República Argentina|Marina argentina]], arriva nella città immaginaria di Colonia Elena, situata da qualche parte nella [[provincia di Buenos Aires]], per lavorare come pilota di [[fumigazione]] nei campi della zona. Dal suo arrivo, viene lentamente costruita una storia di intrighi che coinvolge Koblic con Velarde, il commissario locale e alcune persone della città, tra cui Nancy, la persona responsabile della stazione di servizio. Parallelamente, attraverso frammenti, sono narrate le ragioni che hanno spinto il pilota ad abbandonare il suo servizio di aviazione per nascondersi in un posto dimenticato nella [[pampa]] argentina.

== Collegamenti esterni ==
* {{Collegamenti esterni}}

{{Portale|cinema}}

[[Categoria:Film ambientati in Argentina]]
[[Categoria:Film drammatici]]
[[Categoria:Film sulle dittature sudamericane]]
[[Categoria:Film thriller]]

title: Capitano Kóblic

Titolo originale: Kóblic

Lingua originale: spagnolo

Paese di produzione: Argentina, Spagna

Durata: 92 min

Genere: drammatico, thriller

Regia: Sebastián Borensztein

Soggetto: Sebastián Borensztein

Sceneggiatura: Sebastián Borensztein, Alejandro Ocon

Fotografia: Rodrigo Pulpeiro

Effetti speciali: Federico Cueva

Musiche: Juan Federico Jusid

title: Interpreti e personaggi

Interpreti e personaggi: - Ricardo Darín: Tomás Kóblic - Oscar Martínez: Velarde - Inma Cuesta: Nancy - Marcos Cartoy Díaz: Luis

title: Doppiatori italiani

Doppiatori italiani: - Paolo Marchese: Tomás Kóblic


text:
# Joseph Maraite
Joseph Maraite (Waimes, 11 settembre 1949 – Sankt Vith, 25 aprile 2021) è stato un politico e insegnante belga appartenente al Partito Cristiano Sociale.

## Biografia
Di professione insegnante, ha lavorato dal 1981 al 1984 presso il Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione. Nell'aprile 1977 è stato eletto deputato del Parlamento della Comunità germanofona del Belgio, rimanendo in carica fino al 2009. Dal 1984 al 1986 è stato Ministro della sanità, della famiglia, dello sport e del turismo nel Governo della Comunità germanofona del Belgio e successivamente, dal 1986 al 1999, ha ricoperto la carica di ministro presidente della medesima comunità.
Dal 1977 al 2017 è stato consigliere comunale di Burg-Reuland, dove dal 2004 al 2017 ha ricoperto la carica di sindaco.

title: Joseph Maraite

wikitext:
{{Carica pubblica
|nome = Joseph Maraite
|immagine =
|didascalia =
|carica1 = [[Ministro presidente]] della [[Comunità germanofona del Belgio]]
|mandatoinizio1 = 3 dicembre 1986
|mandatofine1 = 14 luglio 1999
|primoministro1 =
|vice1 =
|predecessore1 = [[Bruno Fagnoul]]
|successore1 = [[Karl-Heinz Lambertz]]
|carica2 = Ministro della sanità, della famiglia, dello sport e del turismo della [[Comunità germanofona del Belgio]]
|mandatoinizio2 = 1984
|mandatofine2 = 1986
|primoministro2 = [[Bruno Fagnoul]]
|vice2 =
|predecessore2 =
|successore2 =
|carica3 = Deputato del [[Parlamento della Comunità germanofona del Belgio]]
|mandatoinizio3 = 1977
|mandatofine3 = 2009
|primoministro3 =
|vice3 =
|predecessore3 =
|successore3 =
|carica4 = Sindaco di [[Burg-Reuland]]
|mandatoinizio4 = 2004
|mandatofine4 = 2017
|primoministro4 =
|vice4 =
|predecessore4 =
|successore4 =
|prefisso onorifico =
|suffisso onorifico =
|partito = [[Partito Cristiano Sociale (Belgio)|Partito Cristiano Sociale]]
|titolo di studio =
|alma mater =
|professione =
|firma =
}}
{{Bio
|Nome = Joseph
|Cognome = Maraite
|Sesso = M
|LuogoNascita = Waimes
|GiornoMeseNascita = 11 settembre
|AnnoNascita = 1949
|LuogoMorte = Sankt Vith
|GiornoMeseMorte = 25 aprile
|AnnoMorte = 2021
|NoteMorte = <ref>{{cita web|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/belgique/detail_deces-de-joseph-maraite-ministre-president-de-la-communaute-germanophone-de-1986-a-1999?id=10748653|titolo=Décès de Joseph Maraite, ministre-président de la Communauté germanophone de 1986 à 1999|data=25 aprile 2021|lingua=fr}}</ref>
|Attività = politico
|Attività2 = insegnante
|Epoca= 1900
|Epoca2= 2000
|Nazionalità = belga
|PostNazionalità = appartenente al [[Partito Cristiano Sociale (Belgio)|Partito Cristiano Sociale]]
}}

== Biografia ==
Di professione insegnante, ha lavorato dal 1981 al 1984 presso il Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione. Nell'aprile 1977 è stato eletto deputato del [[Parlamento della Comunità germanofona del Belgio]], rimanendo in carica fino al 2009. Dal 1984 al 1986 è stato Ministro della sanità, della famiglia, dello sport e del turismo nel [[Governo della Comunità germanofona del Belgio]] e successivamente, dal 1986 al 1999, ha ricoperto la carica di [[ministro presidente]] della medesima comunità.

Dal 1977 al 2017 è stato consigliere comunale di [[Burg-Reuland]], dove dal 2004 al 2017 ha ricoperto la carica di sindaco.

== Note ==
<references/>

{{Box successione
|carica = [[Ministri presidenti della Comunità germanofona del Belgio|Ministro presidente]] della [[Comunità germanofona del Belgio]]
|immagine= Flag of the German Community in Belgium.svg
|periodo = 3 dicembre 1986 - 14 luglio 1999
|precedente = [[Bruno Fagnoul]]
|successivo = [[Karl-Heinz Lambertz]]
}}
{{Ministri presidenti della Comunità germanofona del Belgio}}
{{Portale|biografie|politica}}

[[Categoria:Ministri presidenti della Comunità germanofona del Belgio]]
[[Categoria:Sindaci in Belgio]]
[[Categoria:Insegnanti belgi]]

title: Ministro presidente della Comunità germanofona del Belgio

Durata mandato: 3 dicembre 1986 – · 14 luglio 1999

Predecessore: Bruno Fagnoul

Successore: Karl-Heinz Lambertz

title: Ministro della sanità, della famiglia, dello sport e del turismo della Comunità germanofona del Belgio

Capo del governo: Bruno Fagnoul

title: Deputato del Parlamento della Comunità germanofona del Belgio

title: Sindaco di Burg-Reuland

title: Dati generali

Partito politico: Partito Cristiano Sociale


text:
# Gaio Celio Censorino
Gaio Celio Censorino (latino: Gaius Caelius Censorinus; Sant’Arpino, IV secolo – IV secolo) è stato un politico romano, durante l'età costantiniana.

## Biografia
Censorino fu candidato pretore, candidato al consolato, curatore della Via Latina, della Regio VII Etruria e di Cartagine, esattore dell'oro e dell'argento della III provincia, consolare di Sicilia e della Campania sotto Costantino I, del quale fu anche comes e aiutò ad abbellire Atella, ricevendo un'iscrizione in suo onore dai cittadini atellani.

title: Gaio Celio Censorino

wikitext:
{{S|politici romani}}

{{Magistrato romano
|nome = Gaio Celio Censorino
|titolo =
|altrititoli = ''[[vir clarissimus]]''
|Gens = Caelia
|pretura = ''candidato''
|consolato = ''candidato''
|proconsolato =
|carica religiosa =
|curatore = della [[Via Latina]], della [[Regio VII Etruria]] e di [[Cartagine]]
|prefetto =
|procuratore = * ''[[consularis]] [[Campania (provincia romana)|Campaniae]]''
* ''consularis [[Sicilia (provincia romana)|Sicilia]]''
}}{{Bio
|Nome = Gaio
|Cognome = Celio Censorino
|PreData = [[lingua latina|latino]]: ''Gaius Caelius Censorinus''
|Sesso = M
|LuogoNascita = Sant’Arpino
|GiornoMeseNascita =
|AnnoNascita = [[IV secolo]]
|LuogoMorte =
|GiornoMeseMorte =
|AnnoMorte = [[IV secolo]]
|Epoca = 300
|Epoca2 = 400
|Attività = politico
|Nazionalità = romano
|PostNazionalità = , durante l'[[Costantino I|età costantiniana]]
}}

== Biografia ==
Censorino fu candidato [[pretore (storia romana)|pretore]], candidato al consolato, curatore della [[Via Latina]], della ''[[Regio VII Etruria]]'' e di [[Cartagine]], esattore dell'oro e dell'argento della III provincia, consolare di ''[[Sicilia (provincia romana)|Sicilia]]'' e della ''[[Campania (provincia romana)|Campania]]'' sotto [[Costantino I]], del quale fu anche ''[[comes]]'' e aiutò ad abbellire [[Atella (città antica)|Atella]], ricevendo un'iscrizione in suo onore dai cittadini atellani.<ref>{{CIL|10|3732}}</ref>

== Note ==
<references/>

{{Portale|Antica Roma|biografie}}

[[Categoria:Consulares Campaniae]]
[[Categoria:Consulares Siciliae]]
[[Categoria:Comites]]

title: Magistrato romano

Titoli: vir clarissimus

Gens: Caelia

Pretura: candidato

Consolato: candidato

Procuratore: - consularis Campaniae - consularis Sicilia


text:
# Vima Takto
Vima Takto or Vima Taktu (Greco-Bactrian: Οοημο Τακτοο, Oēmo Taktoo; Kharosthi: 𐨬𐨅𐨨 𐨟𐨑𐨆 Ve-ma Ta-kho, Vema Takho) was a Kushan emperor who reigned c. 80–90 CE.

## Rule
Vima Takto was long known as "The nameless King", since his coins only showed the legend "The King of Kings, Great Saviour", until the discovery of the Rabatak inscription helped connect his name with the title on the coins.
Vima Takto's empire covered northwestern India and Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. During his reign, Kushan embassies were also sent to the Eastern Han imperial court.

### Genealogy
He is mentioned in the Chinese historical chronicle Book of the Later Han, in relation to his father Kujula Kadphises:
"Qiujiuque (Ch: 丘就卻) [Kujula Kadphises] was more than eighty years old when he died. His son, Yangaozhen (Ch:閻高珍) [probably Vema Tahk(tu) or, possibly, his brother Sadaṣkaṇa], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi."
The connection of Vima Takto with other Kushan rulers is described in the Rabatak inscription, which was written by Kanishka. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather, Vima Takto as his grandfather, Vima Kadphises as his father, and himself Kanishka:
"... for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)
A later inscription found at Vima's sanctuary at Mat, also records that he was the grandfather of Huvishka.

## Footnotes
1. ↑  Falk, Harry (2009). The name of Vema Takhtu. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.
2. ↑  Hill (2009), p. 29; also note 13.16, p. 351, and Appendix O, p. 608.
3. ↑  Allchin, Raymond (2019-06-03). Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period: New Edition. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-5047-8.

title: Vima Takto

wikitext:
{{short description|1st century Kushan emperor}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Vima Takto
| title        = [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor
| image        = Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg
| caption      = Bronze coin of '''Vima Takto''', alias "Soter Megas" (r. {{Circa|80}}–90 CE).

'''Obv:''' Bust of Vima Takto, with Greek royal headband and radiate, holding sceptre; three-pronged tamgha behind.

'''Rev:''' Mounted king with Greek royal headband, holding a sceptre. Three-pronged tamgha; corrupted Greek legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡ ΜΕΓΑΣ "Basileu Basileuon Soter Megas": "The King of Kings, Great Saviour".
| reign        = 80–90 CE
| coronation   =
| full name    =
| predecessor  = [[Kujula Kadphises]]
| successor    = [[Vima Kadphises]]
| spouse       =
| issue        =
| royal house  = Kushan
| dynasty      =
| father       =
| mother       =
| birth_date   =
| birth_place  =
| death_date   =
| death_place  =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
| religion     = [[Hinduism]]|
}}
{{Kushan rulers}}
'''Vima Takto''' or '''Vima Taktu''' ([[Greco-Bactrian script|Greco-Bactrian]]: Οοημο Τακτοο, ''Oēmo Taktoo''; [[Kharosthi]]: '''𐨬𐨅𐨨 𐨟𐨑𐨆''' ''{{IAST|Ve-ma Ta-kho}}'', ''{{IAST|Vema Takho}}''<ref>Falk, Harry (2009). ''The name of Vema Takhtu''. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.</ref>) was a [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] emperor who reigned {{Circa|80}}–90 CE.

==Rule==
Vima Takto was long known as "The nameless King", since his coins only showed the legend "The King of Kings, Great Saviour", until the discovery of the [[Rabatak inscription]] helped connect his name with the title on the coins.

Vima Takto's empire covered northwestern India and [[Bactria]] towards [[China]], where Kushan presence has been asserted in the [[Tarim Basin]]. During his reign, Kushan embassies were also sent to the [[Han dynasty#Eastern Han|Eastern Han]] imperial court.

===Genealogy===
He is mentioned in the Chinese historical chronicle ''[[Book of the Later Han]]'', in relation to his father [[Kujula Kadphises]]:

"Qiujiuque (Ch: 丘就卻) [Kujula Kadphises] was more than eighty years old when he died. His son, Yangaozhen (Ch:閻高珍) [probably Vema Tahk(tu) or, possibly, his brother Sadaṣkaṇa], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi."<ref>Hill (2009), p. 29; also note 13.16, p. 351, and Appendix O, p. 608.</ref>

The connection of Vima Takto with other Kushan rulers is described in the [[Rabatak inscription]], which was written by [[Kanishka]]. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather, Vima Takto as his grandfather, [[Vima Kadphises]] as his father, and himself Kanishka:

"... for King [[Kujula Kadphises]] (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King [[Vima Kadphises]] (his) father, and *also for himself, King Kanishka" (Cribb and Sims-Williams 1995/6: 80)

A later inscription found at Vima's sanctuary at Mat, also records that he was the grandfather of [[Huvishka]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allchin |first=Raymond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHsxEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vima+Takto+and+Huvishka&pg=PA345 |title=Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period: New Edition |date=2019-06-03 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-5047-8 |language=en}}</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kujula Kadphises]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kushan Empire|Kushan Ruler]]|years=80 – 90 CE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vima Kadphises]]}}
{{s-end}}

[[File:Kushan Kings, Kushan Empire, Ancient Coin, Soter Megas 80-100AD.jpg|alt=A bronze coin of Vima Takto (Soter Megas) dating back to 80-100AD|thumb|A bronze coin of Vima Takto (Soter Megas) from c 80-110AD discovered in Northern Pakistan.]]

[[Image:Coin of Vima Takto.jpg|thumb|Another bronze coin of Vima Takto.]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Falk, Harry (2009). ''The name of Vema Takhtu''. W. Sundermann, A. Hintze & F. de Blois (eds.), Exegisti monumenta - Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica, 17). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, pp. 105–116.
*Hill, John E. (2009) ''Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE''. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4392-2134-1}}.
*''Shrava, Satya'' (1985) ''The Kushana Numismatics'', p 94.

== External links ==
* [http://www.coinindia.com/galleries-vima-takha.html Coins of Vima Takto]
* Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu.'' Draft annotated English translation.[http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html]
{{Kushans}}

[[Category:Kushan emperors]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]

title: Vima Takto

Predecessor: Kujula Kadphises

Successor: Vima Kadphises

House: Kushan

Religion: Hinduism


text:
# Оптовая торговля
Оптовая торговля — это любая деятельность по продаже товаров или услуг для их последующей перепродажи (коммерческий сегмент) либо  использования в производстве/бизнесе (профессиональный сегмент) или для общественного блага (общественный сегмент).
Попросту говоря, опт — это не «сколько», а «кому».
Оптовый покупатель (клиент торгового предприятия) — юридическое или физическое лицо, приобретающее товары и услуги, необходимые для его коммерческой или иной профессиональной деятельности.
В зависимости от корпоративной политики и переговоров, субъект оптовой торговли:
- может выступать поставщиком или продавцом товара (поставщик цемента, оптовый склад цветов),
- определяет критерии соответствия партии оптовой (сумму отгрузки),
- может не продавать меньшие партии товара (невыгодно доставлять ж/д неполный вагон),
- иметь удобные условия для мелкого, среднего, крупного опта.

В простом случае договор купли/продажи не регламентирует дальнейшее использование купленных товаров. Они могут быть перепроданы.
Традиционно оптовые торговцы были ближе к рынкам, на которые они поставляли, чем к источнику, из которого они получали продукцию. Однако с появлением Интернета и электронных закупок растет число оптовых торговцев, расположенных ближе к производителям в Китае, Тайване и Юго-Восточной Азии.

## Функции оптовой торговли в распространении товаров
Важнее всего инструмент продажи больших партий товара для производителей. В зависимости от сегмента распределение продукции от производителя происходит по определенной цепочке, конечным потребителем в которой выступает потребитель или организация.
1. Завод-производитель,
2. Оптовые торговые компании,
3. Рынки, Гипермаркеты,
4. Розничные магазины,
5. Строительные бригады,
6. Частные лица

Дилерские сети позволили централизовано заниматься оптовой торговлей производителям. По дилерскому договору предприятия получают регулярные поставки без права перепродажи, возможно с установленными РРЦ («рекомендованными розничными ценами»). Так поставляются в Россию швейцарские часы.

## Законодательное определение и продажа физ.лицам
«Оптовая торговля — вид торговой деятельности, связанный с приобретением и продажей товаров для использования их в предпринимательской деятельности (в том числе для перепродажи) или в иных целях, не связанных с личным, семейным, домашним и иным подобным использованием;»
Фактически продающая лицу организация не обязана контролировать, как будет использоваться товар. Организации оптовой торговли (ОСНО) имеют право использовать кассовый аппарат для организации розничных продаж физическим лицам, не зарегистрированным в качестве индивидуальных предпринимателей. На реализацию товаров оптом физическим лицам, не являющимися ИП, за наличный расчет, не содержат запрета или ограничений Федеральный закон от 22.05.2003 N 54-ФЗ «О применении контрольно-кассовой техники при осуществлении наличных денежных расчетов и (или) расчетов с использованием платежных карт», ни Указание ЦБР от 20.06.2007 N 1843-У «О предельном размере расчетов наличными деньгами и расходовании наличных денег, поступивших в кассу юридического лица или кассу индивидуального предпринимателя», ни иные нормативно-правовые акты.
- Розничная торговля

wikiname: ruwiki

title: Оптовая торговля

in_language: ru

wikitext:
[[Файл:Centrala Grupy Eurocash w Komornikach.JPG|мини|280x280пкс|Штаб-квартира Eurocash Group, польского оптовика]]
'''Оптовая торговля''' — это любая деятельность по продаже товаров или услуг для их последующей перепродажи (коммерческий сегмент) либо  использования в производстве/бизнесе (профессиональный сегмент) или для общественного блага (общественный сегмент).<ref name=":0">{{Книга|автор=Тверской М. Ю.|заглавие=Retailing для русскоговорящих: управление предприятием розничной торговли|год=2022|язык=ru|место=СПб|издательство=Питер|страниц=480|серия=Розничная торговля|isbn=978-5-4461-1926-4|тираж=2000}}</ref>

Попросту говоря, опт — это не «сколько», а «кому».

'''Оптовый покупатель''' (клиент торгового предприятия) — юридическое или физическое лицо, приобретающее товары и услуги, необходимые для его коммерческой или иной профессиональной деятельности.<ref name=":0" />

В зависимости от корпоративной политики и переговоров, [[Экономический агент|субъект]] оптовой торговли:
* может выступать поставщиком или продавцом товара ''(поставщик [[цемент]]а, оптовый склад цветов)'',
* определяет критерии соответствия партии оптовой ''(сумму отгрузки)'',
* может не продавать меньшие партии товара ''(невыгодно доставлять ж/д неполный вагон)'',
* иметь удобные условия для ''мелкого, среднего, крупного опта.''
В простом случае договор купли/продажи не регламентирует дальнейшее использование купленных товаров. Они могут быть перепроданы.

Традиционно оптовые торговцы были ближе к рынкам, на которые они поставляли, чем к источнику, из которого они получали продукцию. Однако с появлением Интернета и электронных закупок растет число оптовых торговцев, расположенных ближе к производителям в Китае, Тайване и Юго-Восточной Азии<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandler|first=A. D.|title=Scale and scope The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism|url=https://archive.org/details/scalescopedynami00chan_958|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press.|year=1994|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=[https://archive.org/details/scalescopedynami00chan_958/page/n49 29]}}</ref>.

== Функции оптовой торговли в распространении товаров ==
[[Файл:Birmingham Wholesale Markets.jpg|мини|Оптовые рынки Бирмингема в 4:00 утра]]
Важнее всего инструмент продажи больших партий товара для производителей. В зависимости от сегмента распределение продукции от производителя происходит по определенной цепочке, конечным потребителем в которой выступает потребитель или организация.
# Завод-производитель'',''
# Оптовые торговые компании,
# Рынки, Гипермаркеты'',''
# Розничные магазины'',''
# Строительные бригады,
# Частные лица

'''Дилерские сети''' позволили централизовано заниматься оптовой торговлей производителям. По ''дилерскому договору'' предприятия получают регулярные поставки без права перепродажи, возможно с установленными РРЦ («рекомендованными розничными ценами»)<ref>{{Cite web|lang=ru|url=https://childrenshoes.com.ua/|title=Обувь оптом ChildrenShoes|website=childrenshoes.com.ua|access-date=2021-12-22|archive-date=2021-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222124305/https://childrenshoes.com.ua/|url-status=live}}</ref>. Так поставляются в Россию швейцарские часы.

== Законодательное определение и продажа физ.лицам ==
''«'''Оптовая торговля''' — вид торговой деятельности, связанный с приобретением и продажей товаров для использования их в предпринимательской деятельности (в том числе для перепродажи) или в иных целях, не связанных с личным, семейным, домашним и иным подобным использованием;»''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_95629/b819c620a8c698de35861ad4c9d9696ee0c3ee7a/#dst100026|title=Статья 2. Основные понятия, используемые в настоящем Федеральном законе / КонсультантПлюс|website=www.consultant.ru|access-date=2021-12-22|archive-date=2022-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120224217/http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_95629/b819c620a8c698de35861ad4c9d9696ee0c3ee7a/#dst100026|url-status=live}}</ref>

Фактически продающая лицу организация не обязана контролировать, как будет использоваться товар. Организации оптовой торговли (ОСНО) имеют право использовать кассовый аппарат для организации розничных продаж физическим лицам, не зарегистрированным в качестве индивидуальных предпринимателей. На реализацию товаров оптом физическим лицам, не являющимися ИП, за наличный расчет, ''не содержат запрета или ограничений'' Федеральный закон от 22.05.2003 N 54-ФЗ «О применении контрольно-кассовой техники при осуществлении наличных денежных расчетов и (или) расчетов с использованием платежных карт», ни Указание ЦБР от 20.06.2007 N 1843-У «О предельном размере расчетов наличными деньгами и расходовании наличных денег, поступивших в кассу юридического лица или кассу индивидуального предпринимателя», ни иные нормативно-правовые акты.

{{Викисловарь|опт}}
* [[Розничная торговля]]

{{rq|topic=economics|
{{нет источников|дата=2009-06-14}}
{{плохое оформление|дата=2009-07-29}}
}}

== Примечания ==
{{примечания}}

[[Категория:Торговля]]
[[Категория:Оптовая торговля]]


text:
# Mughiphantes carnicus
Mughiphantes carnicus là một loài nhện trong họ Linyphiidae.
Loài này thuộc chi Mughiphantes. Mughiphantes carnicus được miêu tả năm 1982 bởi van Helsdingen.

wikiname: viwiki

title: Mughiphantes carnicus

in_language: vi

wikitext:
{{nhan đề nghiêng}}
{{Bảng phân loại
| name = ''Mughiphantes carnicus''
| image =
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Động vật|Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Động vật Chân khớp|Arthropoda]]
| unranked_classis = [[Arachnomorpha]]
| subphylum = [[Động vật Chân kìm|Chelicerata]]
| classis = [[Lớp Hình nhện|Arachnida]]
| ordo = [[Nhện|Araneae]]
| familia = [[Linyphiidae]]
| genus = ''[[Mughiphantes]]''
| species = '''''M. carnicus'''''
| binomial = ''Mughiphantes carnicus''
| binomial_authority = (van Helsdingen, 1982)
}}
'''''Mughiphantes carnicus''''' là một loài [[nhện]] trong họ [[Linyphiidae]].<ref>{{aut|Platnick, Norman I.}} (2010): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/ The world spider catalog], version 10.5. ''American Museum of Natural History''.</ref>

Loài này thuộc chi ''[[Mughiphantes]]''. ''Mughiphantes carnicus'' được miêu tả năm 1982 bởi van Helsdingen.

==Chú thích==
{{Tham khảo|30em}}

==Tham khảo==
* {{wikispecies-inline|Mughiphantes carnicus}}

[[Thể loại:Mughiphantes]]

{{Micronetinae-stub}}

title: Phân loại khoa học

Giới (regnum): Animalia

Ngành (phylum): Arthropoda

Phân ngành (subphylum): Chelicerata

(không phân hạng): Arachnomorpha

Lớp (class): Arachnida

Bộ (ordo): Araneae

Họ (familia): Linyphiidae

Chi (genus): Mughiphantes

Loài (species): M. carnicus

title: Danh pháp hai phần

Danh pháp hai phần: Mughiphantes carnicus · (van Helsdingen, 1982)


text:
# برغنية مسترجنة
برغنية مسترجنة (الاسم العلمي:Bergenia purpurascens) هي نوع من النباتات تتبع جنس البرغنية من فصيلة كاسرات الحجر.

wikiname: arwiki

title: برغنية مسترجنة

in_language: ar

wikitext:
{{صندوق معلومات كائن
| الاسم =  برغنية مسترجنة
| حالة الحفظ =  لا
| الصورة = Saxifragaceae_Bergenia_purpurascens_0.JPG
| عرض الصورة =
| التعليق =
| النطاق =  [[حقيقيات النوى]]
| المملكة =  [[نبات]]ات
| subregnum =  [[نباتات جنينية|النباتات الجنينية]]
| unranked_divisio = [[نباتات وعائية|النباتات الوعائية]]
| unranked_divisio = [[حقيقيات الأوراق]]
| unranked_subdivisio = ال[[بذريات]]
| unranked_superclassis =  [[كاسيات البذور]]
| unranked_classis =  [[ثنائيات الفلقة]]
| الرتبة =  [[كاسريات الحجر]]
| الفصيلة =  [[كاسرات الحجر]]
| الجنس =  ال[[برغنية]]
| النوع =  برغنية مسترجنة
| الاسم العلمي =  Bergenia purpurascens
| واضع الاسم =  ([[جوزيف دالتون هوكر]] & [[طوماس طومسون]]) [[هاينريش غوستاف أدولف إنغلر]]
| عام وضع الاسم =  1868
| ماهية التقسيم =
| التقسيم =
| خريطة الانتشار =
| عرض خريطة الانتشار =
| تعليق خريطة الانتشار =
}}
'''برغنية مسترجنة''' ([[تسمية ثنائية|الاسم العلمي]]:Bergenia purpurascens) هي {{تص|نوع}} من ال[[نبات]]ات تتبع {{تص|جنس}} ال[[برغنية]] من {{تص|فصيلة}} [[كاسرات الحجر]].<ref>موقع لائحة النباتات (بالإنكليزية) The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2674824 برغنية مسترجنة ] تاريخ الولوج 12 كانون أول 2015 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110051544/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2674824 |date=10 يناير 2020}}</ref>

== انظر أيضا ==
* ال[[برغنية]]

== مراجع ==
{{مراجع}}

{{شريط بوابات|علم النبات}}

{{أنواع البرغنية}}
{{روابط شقيقة|Bergenia purpurascens}}

{{معرفات الأصنوفة}}

{{بذرة كاسرات الحجر}}
[[تصنيف:أنواع نباتية|برغنية مسترجنة]]
[[تصنيف:برغنية|برغنية مسترجنة]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات أسام]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات التبت]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات جنوب وسط الصين]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات زينة في آسيا]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات ميانمار]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات نيبال]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات وصفت في 1868|برغنية مسترجنة]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات وصفها أدولف إنغلر|برغنية مسترجنة]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات وصفها جوزيف هوكر|برغنية مسترجنة]]
[[تصنيف:نباتات وصفها طوماس طومسون|برغنية مسترجنة]]

title: برغنية مسترجنة

المرتبة التصنيفية: نوع

title: التصنيف العلمي

النطاق: حقيقيات النوى

المملكة: نباتات

العويلم: النباتات الجنينية

غير مصنف:
حقيقيات الأوراق
البذريات
كاسيات البذور
ثنائيات الفلقة

الرتبة: كاسريات الحجر

الفصيلة: كاسرات الحجر

الجنس: البرغنية

النوع: برغنية مسترجنة

title: الاسم العلمي

الاسم العلمي: Bergenia purpurascens · (جوزيف دالتون هوكر & طوماس طومسون) هاينريش غوستاف أدولف إنغلر، 1868

الاسم العلمي: تعديل مصدري - تعديل


text:
# Kościół św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika w Modliborzycach
Kościół Świętego Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika w Modliborzycach – rzymskokatolicki kościół parafialny w Modliborzycach, w gminie Modliborzyce, w powiecie janowskim, w województwie lubelskim. Należy do dekanatu Modliborzyce diecezji sandomierskiej. Znajduje się na trasie Szlaku Renesansu Lubelskiego.

## Historia
Obecny kościół został wybudowany w latach 1645 - 1664 dzięki staraniom Stanisława Wioteskiego, chorążego bełskiego. Świątynia została uroczyście poświęcona w 1668 roku przez biskupa Mikołaja Oborskiego, krakowskiego biskupa pomocniczego. Po pożarach w 1814 i 1841 roku sklepienie murowane zostało zdemontowane i zastąpione zostało przez drewniany strop. W latach 1872–1876 w świątyni została położona drewniana posadzka, budowla została pokryta blachą i ołtarze otrzymały nowe złocenia. Po II wojnie, w latach 1956-1961 zostało zbudowane nowe sklepienie ozdobione sztukaterią, posiadające konstrukcję żelbetonową. Została również położona lastrykowa posadzka. W 1990 roku zaczęły się w świątyni prace remontowe, które trwają do dziś. W ramach tych prac została wymieniona blacha na budowli, kościół został na zewnątrz otynkowany, otrzymał nową instalację elektryczną i nagłośnieniową, ołtarz główny i dwa ołtarze boczne przeszły renowację, wnętrze zostało odmalowane, z kostki został ułożony chodnik.
- Wnętrze, nawa główna
- Widok kościoła przed 1908

wikiname: plwiki

in_language: pl

wikitext:
{{Świątynia chrześcijańska infobox
 |nazwa                     = Kościół pod wezwaniem Świętego Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika<br />w Modliborzycach
 |nazwa miejscowa           =
 |zabytek                   = A/200 z dnia 6.05.1957, z 13.02.1967 i z 14.06.1977<ref name="zabytek">{{zabytek| lubelskie|data dostępu=2013-07-26}}</ref>
 |funkcja świątyni          = [[kościół parafialny]]
 |grafika                   = Kościół św. Stanisława w Modliborzycach (3).jpg
 |opis grafiki              = widok ogólny
 |państwo                   = Polska
 |miejscowość               = [[Modliborzyce]]
 |adres                     =
 |wyznanie                  = [[Kościół katolicki|katolickie]]
 |kościół                   = [[Kościół łaciński|rzymskokatolicki]]
 |administratura nazwa      = [[Parafia św. Stanisława w Modliborzycach|św. Stanisława w Modliborzycach]]
 |administratura typ        = [[Parafia]]
 |tytuł świątyni            =
 |data nadania              =
 |nadający tytuł            =
 |dedykacja świątyni        = [[Stanisław ze Szczepanowa|św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika]]
 |dzień wspomnienia         =
 |relikwie                  =
 |cudowne wizerunki         =
 |data powołania            =
 |data dekretu              =
 |dekret wydał              =
 |data rozpoczęcia budowy   = 1645
 |data zakończenia budowy   = 1664
 |data konsekracji          = 1668
 |data zamknięcia           =
 |aktualne przeznaczenie    = [[dekanat Modliborzyce]], [[diecezja sandomierska]]
 |data zniszczenia          =
 |data odbudowy             =
 |data reaktywacji          =
 |poprzednie wyznanie       =
 |fundator                  =
 |zniszczona przez          =
 |plan świątyni             =
 |opis planu                =
 |styl                      = [[barok]]
 |architekt                 =
 |materiał budowlany        = [[cegła]]
 |liczba wiernych           =
 |powierzchnia              =
 |wysokość                  =
 |długość                   =
 |szerokość                 =
 |liczba wież               =
 |wysokość wieży            =
 |liczba kopuł              =
 |średnica kopuły zew       =
 |wysokość kopuły zew       =
 |liczba ikonostasów        =
 |liczba ołtarzy            =
 |wezwania ołtarzy bocznych =
 |liczba naw                = 1
 |szerokość nawy głównej    =
 |wysokość nawy głównej     =
 |szerokość nawy bocznej    =
 |wysokość nawy bocznej     =
 |szerokość transeptu       =
 |liczba głosów             =
 |liczba manuałów           =
 |typ dzwonnicy             =
 |nazwa dzwonu              =
 |kod mapy                  = Modliborzyce
 |współrzędne               = 50°45′12″N 22°19′38″E
 |commons                   = Category:Saint Stanislaus church in Modliborzyce
 |www                       =
}}
'''Kościół Świętego Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika w Modliborzycach''' – [[kościół łaciński|rzymskokatolicki]] [[kościół parafialny]] w [[Modliborzyce|Modliborzycach]], w [[Gmina Modliborzyce|gminie Modliborzyce]], w [[powiat janowski|powiecie janowskim]], w [[województwo lubelskie|województwie lubelskim]]. Należy do [[dekanat Modliborzyce|dekanatu Modliborzyce]] [[diecezja sandomierska|diecezji sandomierskiej]]. Znajduje się na trasie [[Szlak Renesansu Lubelskiego|Szlaku Renesansu Lubelskiego]].

== Historia ==
Obecny kościół został wybudowany w latach 1645 - 1664 dzięki staraniom [[Stanisław Wioteski|Stanisława Wioteskiego]], chorążego bełskiego. Świątynia została uroczyście poświęcona w 1668 roku przez [[biskup]]a [[Mikołaj Oborski|Mikołaja Oborskiego]], krakowskiego biskupa pomocniczego. Po pożarach w 1814 i 1841 roku [[sklepienie]] murowane zostało zdemontowane i zastąpione zostało przez drewniany [[strop (budownictwo)|strop]]. W latach 1872–1876 w świątyni została położona drewniana [[posadzka]], budowla została pokryta blachą i [[ołtarz]]e otrzymały nowe złocenia. Po [[II wojna światowa|II wojnie]], w latach 1956-1961 zostało zbudowane nowe [[sklepienie]] ozdobione [[sztukateria|sztukaterią]], posiadające konstrukcję [[żelbeton]]ową. Została również położona [[lastryko]]wa [[posadzka]]. W 1990 roku zaczęły się w świątyni prace remontowe, które trwają do dziś. W ramach tych prac została wymieniona [[blacha]] na budowli, kościół został na zewnątrz otynkowany, otrzymał nową instalację elektryczną i nagłośnieniową, [[ołtarz]] główny i dwa [[ołtarz]]e boczne przeszły renowację, wnętrze zostało odmalowane, z kostki został ułożony [[chodnik (droga)|chodnik]]<ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=https://archiwum.diecezjasandomierska.pl/strdiec/parafie8eff.html?p=96&d=6|tytuł=Parafia pod wezwaniem Świętego Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika w Modliborzycach|opublikowany=Diecezja sandomierska|język=pl|data dostępu=2013-07-26}}</ref>.

<gallery>
Modliborzyce, kościół par. p.w. św. Stanisława Biskupa, wnętrze.jpg|Wnętrze, nawa główna
Saint Stanislaus church in Modliborzyce 1908 (111906390).jpg|Widok kościoła przed 1908
</gallery>

== Przypisy ==
{{Przypisy}}

{{Szlak Renesansu Lubelskiego}}

{{SORTUJ:Modliborzyce}}
[[Kategoria:Architektura I Rzeczypospolitej (województwo lubelskie)]]
[[Kategoria:Kościoły w diecezji sandomierskiej]]
[[Kategoria:Świątynie pod wezwaniem św. Stanisława Biskupa Męczennika]]
[[Kategoria:Architektura barokowa w województwie lubelskim]]
[[Kategoria:Architektura renesansowa w województwie lubelskim]]
[[Kategoria:Zabytkowe kościoły w powiecie janowskim]]
[[Kategoria:Obiekty sakralne w Modliborzycach]]
[[Kategoria:Renesans lubelski]]
[[Kategoria:Historia Modliborzyc]]
[[Kategoria:Zabytki nieruchome w Modliborzycach]]

title: Kościół pod wezwaniem Świętego Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika · w Modliborzycach

Państwo: Polska

Miejscowość: Modliborzyce

Wyznanie: katolickie

Kościół: rzymskokatolicki

Parafia: św. Stanisława w Modliborzycach

Wezwanie: św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika

Aktualne przeznaczenie: dekanat Modliborzyce, diecezja sandomierska

Styl: barok

Świątynia · • materiał bud.: · • cegła