text:
# Urshan University
Urshan University, formerly known as Urshan College and Gateway College of Evangelism, is a Christian college in Wentzville, Missouri. It is owned and operated by the United Pentecostal Church International (UPCI). In 2012, the college was acquired by Urshan Graduate School of Theology, through which it offers graduate programs.

## History
The founding of a Bible college in the St. Louis area was initiated by Harry Branding (superintendent of the Missouri District for the UPCI), who formed a committee to look into this possibility, this committee presented the idea to the Missouri District Board. On July 13, 1966, the district passed a resolution to create such a Bible college. The next year the bylaws were chosen and the college was given the name Gateway College of Evangelism.
On September 13, 1968, Gateway College officially opened at 3155 Charbonier Road in Florissant, Missouri. Three years later, the college purchased the former St. Stanislaus Seminary at 700 Howdershell Road.
After four decades, President Darrel Johns led the school through a transition to UPCI ownership. After many months of collaboration the UPCI General Board approved a plan for Urshan Graduate School of Theology to acquire Gateway College and start a new undergraduate Christian college. On July 1, 2012, the transition was complete. At this point, Urshan College began to be operated jointly with Urshan Graduate School of Theology under the governance of the Urshan Board of Directors and President David K. Bernard.
In January 2018, President David K. Bernard submitted his resignation as president of Urshan College and Urshan Graduate School of Theology. While the board of directors conducted a search for a new president for the Urshan System, Executive Vice President Jennie Russell served as interim president. In November 2018, the board of directors selected Brent Coltharp to serve as president effective January 2019, and Jennie Russell returned to her role as executive vice president.
In 2024, the institution officially changed its name to Urshan University and moved its official website from urshancollege.org to urshan.edu.

## Academics
Urshan University offers a certificate in Theological and Ministerial Studies; associate's degrees in General Studies and Sociology; and bachelor's degrees in Business Administration, Human Resource Management, Human Services, Religious/Sacred Music, Theological and Ministerial Studies, Music, and Communication and Media Studies. It also offers distance learning in 8-week and 16-week long courses, offering a certificate in Apostolic Studies, an associate's in General Studies, and bachelor's in Christian Ministry, Organizational Leadership, and Human Services.
On July 25, 2020, the Higher Learning Commission granted Urshan Graduate School of Theology and Urshan University regional accreditation.

## Enrollment
In Fall 2022, the school's enrollment was 473 students. The student body is 41% Male and 59% Female; 82% are full-time and 18% are part-time; 69% are at least partly on campus while 31% are fully distance learners; 72% are white or Caucasian, 14% are Hispanic, 4% are Black or African-American, 4% are two or more races, 1% are Asian, 1% are American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 2% are unreported.

## Location
Urshan is located in St. Charles County, Missouri. The college relocated from Florissant, Missouri, to Wentzville, Missouri, kicking off the 2019–2020 school year on the new campus. The campus, formerly a CenturyLink office complex, consists of five buildings sitting on 43 acres of land.
The Center for the Study of Oneness Pentecostalism is also located on Urshan's campus. The Center contains the archives for the United Pentecostal Church International, Urshan University, and Urshan Graduate School of Theology.

wikiname: enwiki

title: Urshan University

in_language: en

wikitext:
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Urshan University
 | image                  = Urshan University Logo.png
 | motto                  = "To Do Justly And to Love Mercy and to Walk Humbly With Your God"
 | former_names            = Gateway College of Evangelism (1968-2012), Urshan College (2012-2024)
 | established            = {{start date and age|1968}}
 | type                   = [[Private university]], [[Christian college]]
 | accreditation          = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]], [[Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada|ATS]]
 | religious_affiliation  = [[United Pentecostal Church International]]
 | parent                 = [[Urshan Graduate School of Theology]]
 | chair                  = Michael Ensey
 | president              = Brent Coltharp
 | dean                   = Jared Runck
 | total_staff               = 84 (2022)<ref name="IPEDS">{{cite web |title=Urshan College |url=https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/institution-profile/494685 |website=National Center for Education Statistics |publisher=Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System |access-date=30 August 2024 |date=2023–2024}}</ref>
 | enrollment               = 473 (2022)<ref name="IPEDS"></ref>
 | city                   = [[Wentzville]]
 | state                  = [[Missouri]]
 | country                = US
| campus_type            =Large suburb<ref name="IPEDS"></ref>
| campus_size            ={{Convert|43|acre}}
| colors = {{Color box|#0c4d8d}}{{Color box|#fff}} Blue and white
 | website                = {{URL|https://urshan.edu/|urshan.edu}}
}}

'''Urshan University''', formerly known as '''Urshan College''' and '''Gateway College of Evangelism''', is a Christian college in [[Wentzville, Missouri]]. It is owned and operated by the [[United Pentecostal Church International]] (UPCI).<ref>{{cite web |title=About Urshan {{!}} Our History |url=https://urshan.edu/about |publisher=Urshan University |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> In 2012, the college was acquired by [[Urshan Graduate School of Theology]], through which it offers graduate programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Urshan College |url=https://aboutstlouis.com/local/colleges/urshan-graduate-school-of-theology |website=Information St. Louis |publisher=Connecting St. Louis |access-date=3 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The founding of a Bible college in the St. Louis area was initiated by Harry Branding (superintendent of the Missouri District for the UPCI), who formed a committee to look into this possibility, this committee presented the idea to the Missouri District Board. On July 13, 1966, the district passed a resolution to create such a Bible college. The next year the bylaws were chosen and the college was given the name Gateway College of Evangelism.

On September 13, 1968, Gateway College officially opened at 3155 Charbonier Road in [[Florissant, Missouri]]. Three years later, the college purchased the former St. Stanislaus Seminary at 700 Howdershell Road.

After four decades, President Darrel Johns led the school through a transition to UPCI ownership. After many months of collaboration the UPCI General Board approved a plan for Urshan Graduate School of Theology to acquire Gateway College and start a new undergraduate Christian college. On July 1, 2012, the transition was complete. At this point, Urshan College began to be operated jointly with Urshan Graduate School of Theology under the governance of the Urshan Board of Directors and President [[David K. Bernard]].

In January 2018, President David K. Bernard submitted his resignation as president of Urshan College and Urshan Graduate School of Theology. While the board of directors conducted a search for a new president for the Urshan System, Executive Vice President Jennie Russell served as interim president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://urshancollege.org/press-release/|title=Press Release|language=en-US|access-date=9 October 2019|publisher=Urshan College}}</ref> In November 2018, the board of directors selected Brent Coltharp to serve as president effective January 2019, and Jennie Russell returned to her role as executive vice president.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Janet|last1=Trout|url=https://urshancollege.org/employment/urshan-board-selects-new-president/|title=Urshan Board Selects New President|language=en-US|publisher=Urshan College|access-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405224714/https://urshancollege.org/employment/urshan-board-selects-new-president/|archive-date=5 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2024, the institution officially changed its name to Urshan University and moved its official website from {{URL|https://urshancollege.org/|urshancollege.org}} to {{URL|https://urshan.edu/|urshan.edu}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement of Accreditation Status |url=https://www.hlcommission.org/component/directory/?Itemid=&Action=ShowBasic&instid=2946 |website=Higher Learning Commission |access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref>

==Academics==

Urshan University offers a certificate in Theological and Ministerial Studies; [[Associate's Degree|associate's degrees]] in General Studies and Sociology; and [[Bachelor's Degree|bachelor's degrees]] in Business Administration, Human Resource Management, Human Services, Religious/Sacred Music, Theological and Ministerial Studies, Music, and Communication and Media Studies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Urshan College |url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/fields/?494685-Urshan-College |website=College Scorecard |publisher=US Department of Education |access-date=3 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> It also offers distance learning in 8-week and 16-week long courses, offering a certificate in Apostolic Studies, an associate's in General Studies, and bachelor's in Christian Ministry, Organizational Leadership, and Human Services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Online Learning |url=https://urshan.edu/online |website=Urshan University |access-date=4 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Degree Programs |url=https://urshancollege.org/academics/distance-learning/programs |website=Urshan College |access-date=4 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

On July 25, 2020, the Higher Learning Commission granted Urshan Graduate School of Theology and Urshan University regional accreditation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement of Accreditation Status |url=https://www.hlcommission.org/component/directory/?Itemid=&Action=ShowBasic&instid=2946 |website=Higher Learning Commission |language=en}}</ref>

==Enrollment==

In Fall 2022, the school's enrollment was 473 students.<ref name="IPEDS"></ref> The student body is 41% Male and 59% Female; 82% are full-time and 18% are part-time; 69% are at least partly on campus while 31% are fully distance learners; 72% are white or Caucasian, 14% are Hispanic, 4% are Black or African-American, 4% are two or more races, 1% are Asian, 1% are American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 2% are unreported.<ref name="CollegeNav">{{cite web |title=Urshan College |url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=urshan&s=all&id=494685 |website=College Navigator |publisher=National Center for Educational Assistance |access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref>

==Location==
Urshan is located in [[St. Charles County, Missouri]]. The college relocated from Florissant, Missouri, to Wentzville, Missouri, kicking off the 2019–2020 school year on the new campus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://urshancollege.org/about/|title=About|language=en-US|access-date=9 October 2019|publisher=Urshan College}}</ref> The campus, formerly a [[CenturyLink]] office complex, consists of five buildings sitting on 43 acres of land.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Duncan|first1=Tamara|url=https://www.70westsentinel.com/former-centurylink-property-in-wentzville-slated-to-become-college-campus/|title=Former CenturyLink property in Wentzville slated to become college campus|date=4 January 2019|publisher=70 West Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=9 October 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009211256/https://www.70westsentinel.com/former-centurylink-property-in-wentzville-slated-to-become-college-campus/|archive-date=9 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first1=Brent|last1=Coltharp|first2=Jennie|last2=Russell|url=https://urshancollege.org/uncategorized/urshan-acquires-new-campus-in-wentzville-mo/|title=Urshan Acquires New Campus in Wentzville, MO|language=en-US|access-date=9 October 2019|publisher=Urshan College}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The Center for the Study of Oneness Pentecostalism is also located on Urshan's campus. The Center contains the archives for the United Pentecostal Church International, Urshan University, and Urshan Graduate School of Theology.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=http://csoponline.org/about-us/ |website=The Center for the Study of Oneness Pentecostalism |access-date=4 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://urshan.edu/ Official website]

{{Coord|38.801|-90.366|display=title}}

{{St. Louis Colleges}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the United Pentecostal Church International]]
[[Category:Pentecostalism in Missouri]]
[[Category:Education in St. Charles County, Missouri]]
[[Category:Private universities and colleges in Missouri]]
[[Category:Pentecostal seminaries and theological colleges]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1968]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Missouri]]

title: Urshan University

Type: Private university, Christian college

Parent institution: Urshan Graduate School of Theology

Accreditation: HLC, ATS

Religious affiliation: United Pentecostal Church International

Chair: Michael Ensey

President: Brent Coltharp

Dean: Jared Runck

Location: Wentzville, Missouri, US

Campus: Large suburb, 43 acres (17 ha)

Colors: Blue and white


text:
# В память о революции 1905 года
«В память о революции 1905 года» — памятник в Таганроге. Расположен на пересечении Заводской улицы и улицы им. П. Е. Осипенко. Памятник истории, внесённый в реестр «Объекты культурного наследия РФ».

## Памятник
Памятник представляет собой установленную на невысоком каменном постаменте клеть старинного трубопрокатного агрегата. На этой клети расположена мемориальная доска с надписью: «Здесь 17 декабря 1905 года произошло вооружённое столкновение рабочих металлургического и котельного заводов с полицией».

## История
Памятник был торжественно открыт 30 декабря 1926 года. На нём была расположена мемориальная доска с текстом: «Мемориальная доска в память боёв таганрогского пролетариата с контрреволюцией в Таганроге 30 (17) января 1918 года». Эта доска была снята в период оккупации Таганрога (1941—1943). После освобождения города была установлена новая доска, но уже с текстом о событиях 1905 года.
Решением Малого Совета облсовета № 301 от 18 ноября 1992 года памятнику «В память о революции 1905 года» был присвоен статус Памятника истории под названием «Место столкновения рабочих металлургического и котельного заводов с полицией». В реестре объектов культурного наследия РФ памятник зарегистрирован под номером 6101167000.

wikiname: ruwiki

title: В память о революции 1905 года

in_language: ru

wikitext:
{{Памятник
|Русское название         = Памятник «В память о революции 1905 года»
|Оригинальное название    =
|Изображение              = 2013 Taganrog_Osipenko.JPG
|Подпись изображения      =
|Ширина изображения       =
|Современный статус= {{Культурное наследие народов РФ|мини=1|Город=Таганрог}}
|Страна                   = Россия
|Архитектурный стиль      =
|Название местоположения  = [[Город]]
|Местоположение           = Таганрог, [[Улица имени П. Е. Осипенко (Таганрог)|ул. им. П. Е. Осипенко]]
|Координаты               =
 |CoordScale    =2000
|Скульптор                =
|Начало строительства     = 1926
|Окончание строительства  = 1926
}}

'''«В память о революции 1905 года»''' — памятник в [[Таганрог]]е. Расположен на пересечении Заводской улицы и [[Улица имени П. Е. Осипенко (Таганрог)|улицы им. П. Е. Осипенко]]<ref name="Музей под открытым небом">''Киричек М. С.'' Музей под открытым небом. — Таганрог: ИП Стадников, 2010. — С. 61. — ISBN 978-5-9901455-3-5.</ref>. Памятник истории, внесённый в реестр «Объекты культурного наследия РФ».

== Памятник ==
Памятник представляет собой установленную на невысоком каменном постаменте клеть старинного трубопрокатного агрегата. На этой клети расположена мемориальная доска с надписью: «Здесь 17 декабря 1905 года произошло вооружённое столкновение рабочих металлургического и котельного заводов с полицией»<ref name="Музей под открытым небом" /><ref>И дольше века льётся сталь / ''Под ред. [[Фартушный, Николай Иванович|Н. И. Фартушного]]''. — Ростов-на-Дону: Принт-Сервис, 2006. — С. 16.</ref>.

== История ==
[[Файл:1926_12_30 Taganrog_Pam_1905.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Открытие в 1926 г.]]
Памятник был торжественно открыт 30 декабря 1926 года<ref name="Музей под открытым небом" />. На нём была расположена мемориальная доска с текстом: «Мемориальная доска в память боёв таганрогского пролетариата с контрреволюцией в Таганроге 30 (17) января 1918 года»<ref name="Музей под открытым небом" />. Эта доска была снята в период оккупации Таганрога (1941—1943). После освобождения города была установлена новая доска, но уже с текстом о событиях 1905 года<ref name="Музей под открытым небом" />.

Решением Малого Совета облсовета № 301 от 18 ноября 1992 года памятнику «В память о революции 1905 года» был присвоен статус Памятника истории под названием «Место столкновения рабочих металлургического и котельного заводов с полицией». В реестре объектов культурного наследия РФ памятник зарегистрирован под номером 6101167000.

== Источники ==
{{примечания}}

{{sculpture-stub}}

[[Категория:Достопримечательности Таганрога]]
[[Категория:Памятники Таганрога|Память о революции 1905 года]]
[[Категория:Памятники, установленные в 1926 году в России]]

Тип: памятник

Страна: Россия

Город: Таганрог, ул. им. П. Е. Осипенко

Статус: Объект культурного наследия народов РФ регионального значения. Рег. № 611530401750005 (ЕГРОКН). Объект № 6101167000 (БД Викигида)


text:
# Divisione Orientale
La Divisione Orientale è una divisione delle isole Figi con 37 311 abitanti (al censimento del 2007), che ha come capoluogo Levuka sull'isola di Ovalau.
La divisione è costituita, oltre che dall'isola di Ovalau, dalle isole Kadavu, Gau, Koro, Nairai, Moala, Matuku, Vatu Vara, Naitaba, Mago, Cicia, Tuvuca, Lakeba, Vanua Vatu, Oneata, Vuaqava, Kabara, Moce, e Fulaga. È la più piccola per superficie ma la più ampia se si considerano i mari che la costituiscono.
Ha confini marittimi con tutte e tre le altre divisioni.

## Province
- Kadavu
- Lau
- Lomaiviti
- Dipendenza di Rotuma

| Controllo di autorità | ISNI (EN) 0000 0004 0552 0574 |

wikiname: itwiki

title: Divisione Orientale

in_language: it

wikitext:
{{S|Figi}}
{{Divisione amministrativa
|Nome = Divisione Orientale
|Nome ufficiale ={{en}}Eastern Division
|Panorama =
|Didascalia =
|Bandiera =
|Voce bandiera =
|Stemma =
|Voce stemma =
|Stato = FJI
|Grado amministrativo = 1
|Capoluogo = [[Levuka]]
|Amministratore locale =
|Partito =
|Data elezione =
|Lingue ufficiali =
|Data istituzione =
|Latitudine decimale = -17.684014
|Longitudine decimale = 178.840127
|Altitudine =
|Acque interne =
|Abitanti = 37311
|Note abitanti =
|Aggiornamento abitanti = 2007
|Sottodivisioni =
|Sottosottodivisioni =
|Divisioni confinanti =
|Lingue =
|Codice postale =
|Prefisso =
|Codice statistico =
|Targa =
|Nome abitanti =
|Immagine localizzazione = Eastern Division of Fiji.svg
|Mappa =
|Didascalia mappa =
|Sito =
}}
La '''Divisione Orientale''' è una [[divisioni e dipendenze delle Figi|divisione]] delle isole [[Figi]] con {{formatnum:37311}} abitanti (al censimento del 2007), che ha come capoluogo [[Levuka]] sull'isola di [[Ovalau]].

La divisione è costituita, oltre che dall'isola di [[Ovalau]], dalle isole [[Kadavu]], [[Gau (isola)|Gau]], [[Koro (Figi)|Koro]], [[Nairai]], [[Isole Moala|Moala]], [[Matuku]], [[Vatu Vara]], [[Naitaba]], [[Mago Island|Mago]], [[Cicia]], [[Tuvuca]], [[Lakeba]], [[Vanua Vatu]], [[Oneata]], [[Vuaqava]], [[Kabara]], [[Moce]], e [[Fulaga]]. È la più piccola per superficie ma la più ampia se si considerano i mari che la costituiscono.

Ha confini marittimi con tutte e tre le altre divisioni.

== Province ==
* [[Provincia di Kadavu|Kadavu]]
* [[Provincia di Lau|Lau]]
* [[Provincia di Lomaiviti|Lomaiviti]]
* Dipendenza di [[Rotuma]]

{{Divisioni delle isole Figi}}
{{Controllo di autorità}}

{{Portale|Oceania}}

[[Categoria:Divisioni delle Figi]]

title: Localizzazione

Stato: Figi

title: Amministrazione

Capoluogo: Levuka

title: Territorio

title: Altre informazioni

ISO 3166-2: FJ-E

title: Cartografia

Cartografia: Divisione Orientale – Localizzazione


text:
# Guadaíra
El Guadaíra es un río del sur de la península ibérica, afluente del Guadalquivir y perteneciente a la cuenca hidrográfica del mismo nombre. Fluye por las provincias españolas de Cádiz y Sevilla. Su nombre primitivo en lengua tartésica fue Ira, derivado probablemente del término IR cuyo significado es río en numerosas lenguas paleohispánicas. De aquí tomó su nombre una ciudad prerromana situada en la Mesa de Gandul (Alcalá de Guadaíra), llamada Irippo ('la ciudad del río').

## Geografía
Tiene su nacimiento en la provincia de Cádiz, en la sierra de Pozo Amargo, dentro del término municipal de Puerto Serrano, pero a los pocos kilómetros bordea ya la sierra de Esparteros (Morón de la Frontera), discurriendo casi la totalidad del río por la provincia de Sevilla, hasta desembocar en el río Guadalquivir, a unos veinte kilómetros al sur de la ciudad de Sevilla.
Su cuenca hidrográfica se extiende por los términos municipales de Morón de la Frontera, Marchena, Utrera, Paradas, Arahal, Mairena del Alcor, El Viso del Alcor, Alcalá de Guadaíra, Sevilla y otros.
Sus afluentes principales son los ríos Guadairilla, Alameda, Salado y Saladillo, que conforman una red dendrítica subparalela poco ramificada. Junto al río Genil, es el rasgo hidrográfico de mayor fuerza en el paisaje de la campiña sevillana. Lo más característico de este río es la abundancia de molinos harineros o aceñas que jalonan su curso, abundancia que lo hace único en Andalucía.
Eran muchas las industrias aceituneras que se abastecían de él para la preparación del aceite de oliva y otros productos derivados del olivo, que durante muchos años provocó que la contaminación del río fuera muy importante, porque las empresas aceituneras no trataban correctamente sus aguas residuales para su devolución al río. Esas aguas residuales estaban compuestas por un químico nombrado alpechín.
A su paso por la población de Alcalá de Guadaíra, en sus orillas, se erigen cerca de veinte molinos árabes que se utilizaban para la molienda del trigo.Y ese hecho facilitó la ubicación de numerosas panaderías que elaboraban un pan de la máxima calidad; llegando a conocerse el municipio como "Alcalá de los panaderos". Asimismo también existe un puente de estilo romano, remodelado en tiempos del rey Carlos III sobre el río a su paso por esta localidad. Este espacio ha sido declarado monumento natural Ribera del Guadaíra y cuenta con un patrimonio cultural y natural muy importante que se puede conocer gracias a su red de senderos y al Centro de Educación para el Turismo Sostenible, un museo para conocer los valores de la región.

## Contaminación
Desde enero de 2010 la contaminación del río Guadaíra ha dado un vuelco espectacular debido a la instalación de estaciones depuradoras en todos y cada uno de los municipios que vierten en la cuenca y de la construcción de grandes balsas de evaporación por parte de los empresarios del sector de la aceituna de mesa.
El Guadaíra ha tenido fama de ser uno de los ríos más contaminados de España. En la actualidad ya no lo es, atendiendo a los valores registrados de los parámetros que miden la contaminación. Desde la entrada en funcionamiento de la última estación depuradora, en Morón de la Frontera, los valores registrados de oxígeno disuelto, carga orgánica y nutrientes se encuentran por debajo de los valores establecidos en la Directiva del Marco del Agua.
La singularidad del Guadaíra se manifiesta en los altos niveles de conductividad natural que incorpora el río debido a la composición de los suelos de cabecera de la cuenca.
- El Guadaíra a su paso por Sevilla en periodo de avenida (abril de 2008) (canalización artificial)
- Antigua Casa de las Bombas Alcalá de Guadaíra
- Vista del río desde un sendero en Alcalá
- Vista del Guadaíra, muy cerca del CETS
- Avifauna del Guadaíra
- Molino de río a la altura de Alcalá de Guadaíra
- Museo para conocer el río (CETS)

wikiname: eswiki

title: Guadaíra

in_language: es

wikitext:
{{Ficha de cuerpo de agua
| nombre = Río Guadaíra
| foto = Guadaira1.JPG
| tamaño_foto = 245px
| pie_foto = El Guadaíra en [[Alcalá de Guadaíra]], al atardecer.
| tamaño = 266px
| país = {{ESP}}
| división_administrativa = {{ESP|AN}}
| tipo_división_administrativa = Comunidad autónoma
| subdivisión_administrativa = {{ESP|SE}}
{{ESP|CA}}
| tipo_subdivisión_administrativa = Provincia
| cuenca_hidrográfica = [[Cuenca hidrográfica del Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]
| lugar_nacimiento = [[Sierra de Pozo Amargo]]
| lugar_desembocadura = [[Río Guadalquivir]]
| longitud = 110 [[kilómetro|km]]
| mapa = Río Guadaíra.png
| tamaño_mapa = 245px
| pie_mapa = Localización del Guadaíra
| tipo =
| imagen =
}}

El '''Guadaíra''' es un [[río]] del sur de la [[península ibérica]], afluente del [[río Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] y perteneciente a la [[Cuenca hidrográfica del Guadalquivir|cuenca hidrográfica del mismo nombre]]. Fluye por las provincias [[España|españolas]] de [[Provincia de Cádiz|Cádiz]] y [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]]. Su nombre primitivo en [[Idioma tartésico|lengua tartésica]] fue ''Ira,'' derivado probablemente del término ''IR'' cuyo significado es río en numerosas [[lenguas paleohispánicas]]. De aquí tomó su nombre una ciudad prerromana situada en la Mesa de Gandul ([[Alcalá de Guadaíra]]), llamada ''Irippo'' ('la ciudad del río').<ref>J. Pascual Barea, “''[http://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/16338 Irippo] {{Wayback|url=http://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/16338 |date=20210213200019 }}'' [http://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/16338 y la Mesa de Gandul (Alcalá de Guadaíra): ‘la fortificación del río Ira’ en época turdetana] {{Wayback|url=http://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/16338 |date=20210213200019 }}”, ''Congreso Internacional Fortificaciones en el entorno del Bajo Guadalquivir.'' Alcalá de Guadaíra: Ayuntamiento, 2002, 169-177 (pp. 170-171).</ref>

== Geografía ==
[[Archivo:1900-05-12, Blanco y Negro, Un remanso del Guadaira, García y Rodríguez.jpg|izquierda|miniaturadeimagen|«Un remanso del Guadaira», de [[Manuel García y Rodríguez|García y Rodríguez]] (''[[Blanco y Negro (revista)|Blanco y Negro]]'', 12 de mayo de 1900)]]
[[Archivo:Cuenca Río Guadaíra.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|281x281px|Cuenca hidrográfica del río Guadaíra.]]
Tiene su nacimiento en la [[provincia de Cádiz]], en la [[sierra de Pozo Amargo]], dentro del término municipal de [[Puerto Serrano]], pero a los pocos kilómetros bordea ya la [[sierra de Esparteros]] ([[Morón de la Frontera]]), discurriendo casi la totalidad del río por la [[provincia de Sevilla]], hasta desembocar en el [[río Guadalquivir]], a unos veinte kilómetros al sur de la ciudad de [[Sevilla]].

Su cuenca hidrográfica se extiende por los términos municipales de [[Morón de la Frontera]], [[Marchena]], [[Utrera]], [[Paradas]], [[Arahal]], [[Mairena del Alcor]], [[El Viso del Alcor]], [[Alcalá de Guadaíra]], [[Sevilla]] y otros.

Sus afluentes principales son los ríos Guadairilla, Alameda, Salado y Saladillo, que conforman una red dendrítica subparalela poco ramificada. Junto al río Genil, es el rasgo hidrográfico de mayor fuerza en el paisaje de la [[campiña sevillana]]. Lo más característico de este río es la abundancia de molinos harineros o [[aceña]]s que jalonan su curso, abundancia que lo hace único en [[Andalucía]].

Eran muchas las industrias aceituneras que se abastecían de él para la preparación del aceite de oliva y otros productos derivados del olivo, que durante muchos años provocó que la contaminación del río fuera muy importante, porque las empresas aceituneras no trataban correctamente sus aguas residuales para su devolución al río. Esas aguas residuales estaban compuestas por un químico nombrado alpechín.

A su paso por la población de [[Alcalá de Guadaíra]], en sus orillas, se erigen cerca de veinte molinos árabes que se utilizaban para la molienda del trigo.Y ese hecho facilitó la ubicación de numerosas panaderías que elaboraban un pan de la máxima calidad; llegando a conocerse el municipio como "Alcalá de los panaderos". Asimismo también existe un puente de estilo romano, remodelado en tiempos del rey Carlos III sobre el río a su paso por esta localidad. Este espacio ha sido declarado [[monumento natural]] Ribera del Guadaíra y cuenta con un patrimonio cultural y natural muy importante que se puede conocer gracias a su red de senderos y al [[Centro de Educación para el Turismo Sostenible]], un museo para conocer los valores de la región.

== Contaminación ==

Desde enero de 2010 la contaminación del río Guadaíra ha dado un vuelco espectacular debido a la instalación de estaciones depuradoras en todos y cada uno de los municipios que vierten en la cuenca y de la construcción de grandes balsas de evaporación por parte de los empresarios del sector de la aceituna de mesa.

El Guadaíra ha tenido fama de ser uno de los ríos más contaminados de España. En la actualidad ya no lo es, atendiendo a los valores registrados de los parámetros que miden la contaminación. Desde la entrada en funcionamiento de la última estación depuradora, en Morón de la Frontera, los valores registrados de oxígeno disuelto, carga orgánica y nutrientes se encuentran por debajo de los valores establecidos en la Directiva del Marco del Agua.

La singularidad del Guadaíra se manifiesta en los altos niveles de conductividad natural que incorpora el río debido a la composición de los suelos de cabecera de la cuenca.

<gallery mode="packed">
Archivo:Guadaira2.JPG|El Guadaíra a su paso por Sevilla en periodo de avenida (abril de 2008) (canalización artificial)
Archivo:Casa de las bombas, ribera del río Guadaíra.JPG|Antigua Casa de las Bombas [[Alcalá de Guadaíra]]
Archivo:Vista de Alcalá de Guadaíra.JPG|Vista del río desde un sendero en Alcalá
Archivo:Ribera del Guadaíra.JPG|Vista del Guadaíra, muy cerca del CETS
Archivo:Avifauna - río Guadaíra.jpg|Avifauna del Guadaíra
Archivo:Molino del Algarrobo - ribera del río Guadaira.jpg|Molino de río a la altura de Alcalá de Guadaíra
Archivo:Centro de Educación para el Turismo Sostenible (CETS).JPG|Museo para conocer el río (CETS)
</gallery>

== Véase también ==
* [[Escuela de Alcalá de Guadaíra]]
* [[Anexo:Ríos de la cuenca del Guadalquivir]]

== Referencias ==
{{listaref}}

== Bibliografía ==
* VV.AA: ''[http://paisajeyterritorio.es/assets/los-paisajes-fluviales-de-la-cuenca-del-guadalquivir.pdf Los paisajes fluviales en la planificación y gestión del agua. Elementos para la consideración del paisaje en la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir]''. ISBN: 978-84-695-2039-0 Depósito legal: SE1888-2012.
{{control de autoridades}}
[[Categoría:Afluentes del Guadalquivir de Andalucía]]
[[Categoría:Ríos de la provincia de Cádiz]]
[[Categoría:Ríos de la provincia de Sevilla]]
[[Categoría:Ríos de las cordilleras Béticas]]

title: Ubicación geográfica

Cuenca: Guadalquivir

Nacimiento: Sierra de Pozo Amargo

Desembocadura: Río Guadalquivir

title: Ubicación administrativa

País: España

Comunidad autónoma: Andalucía

Provincia: Sevilla · Cádiz

title: Cuerpo de agua

title: Mapa de localización

Mapa de localización: Localización del Guadaíra


text:
# Legs Diamond
Jack « Legs » Diamond (10 juillet 1897 - 18 décembre 1931), connu sous le nom de Gentleman Jack, était un gangster irlando-américain à New York pendant l'époque de la prohibition. Bootlegger et proche associé de Arnold Rothstein, qui faisait dans le jeu, Diamond a survécu à de nombreuses tentatives de meurtres entre 1919 et 1931, lui donnant la réputation de « pigeon d'argile de la pègre » (clay pigeon of the underworld). En 1930, Dutch Schultz fit remarquer à son gang, « N'y a-t-il donc personne ici qui puisse abattre ce type sans qu'il en ressorte ? » (ain't there nobody that can shoot this guy so he don't bounce back). Remarquons que Jack Diamond n'était pas lié à Stanley Diamond, membre de la famille Lucchese.

## Jeunesse
Jack Moran est né le 10 juillet 1897 à Philadelphie, Pennsylvanie. Ses parents, John et Sara Nolan immigrèrent aux États-Unis en provenance d'Irlande en 1891. Les Moran (Jack, ses parents John et Sara, et son frère Eddie né en 1899) s'installèrent d'abord à Philadelphie en Pennsylvanie, au 951 Frankford Avenue. Ils déménagèrent ensuite à Brooklyn dans l'État de New York après la mort de Sara, intervenue le 24 décembre 1913 à la suite de complications consécutives à une infection bactériologique.
À New York, Diamond rejoignit rapidement un gang des rues appelé les Hudson Dusters. Il fut arrêté pour la première fois en 1914 à la suite d'un cambriolage dans une bijouterie. Il servit quelques années plus tard dans l'armée des États-Unis, notamment pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, mais il déserta en 1918 ou 1919, ce pour quoi il fut condamné et emprisonné.
À sa sortie de prison, il fut recruté par Jacob « Little Augie » Orgen pour assassiner un ennemi. Legs Diamond devint le garde du corps de Jacob Orgen. Il fut touché par balles à deux reprises lorsqu'Orgen fut tué par Louis « Lepke » Buchalter, qui essayait de s'approprier certains de ses rackets dans l'industrie de la confection.

## Train de vie
Diamond était connu pour son train de vie extravagant. Individu très énergique, son surnom de « Legs » vient, soit du fait qu'il était bon danseur, soit de sa rapidité à échapper à ses ennemis. Pour un gangster, Diamond était réputé plutôt loyal mais  il ne répugnait pas à doubler quelqu'un quand le besoin s'en faisait sentir. Sa femme Alice Diamond n'a jamais accepté son style de vie mais n'essaya pas non plus de l'en dissuader. Diamond était un coureur de jupons dont la maîtresse la plus célèbre était la danseuse Marion « Kiki » Roberts. Le public aimait Diamond : c'était l'une des plus grandes célébrités de New York.

## La prohibition
À la fin des années 1920, avec la mise en place de la prohibition, la fabrication et la vente d'alcool devinrent illégales aux États-Unis. La vente d'alcool fut rapidement contrôlée par le crime organisé américain qui connut, dès lors, un développement sans précédent. Legs Diamond participa à cette activité.
Legs Diamond voyagea également en Europe pour mettre en place des réseaux d'acheminement d'alcool et de drogue. Il se rendit, notamment, en Allemagne accompagné de plusieurs gangsters italo-américains, parmi lesquels Charles « Lucky » Luciano, mais il se fit arrêter par les autorités locales avant de se faire expulser.
Après la mort de Jacob Orgen, Legs Diamond essaya de contrôler les speakeasies du centre de Manhattan mais il se heurta à Dutch Schultz qui essayait d'agrandir son territoire de Harlem ainsi qu'à d'autres gangs. On tenta de l'abattre à l'Hôtel Monticello après qu'il eut refusé d'honorer une dette. Pour échapper aux tueurs de Dutch Schultz et des autres gangs, il se réfugia dans les Monts Catskill. Cependant, les hommes de Dutch Schultz le retrouvèrent et, au cours d'un dîner, tirèrent sur lui à cinq reprises, sans succès.
En 1930, Legs Diamond et deux de ses hommes de main kidnappèrent Grover Parks, un conducteur de camions, et lui demandèrent quel genre d'alcool il transportait. Celui-ci répondit qu'il ne transportait rien. Legs Diamond et ses acolytes le torturèrent avant de finalement le laisser partir. Quelques mois plus tard, Diamond fut inculpé pour kidnapping mais acquitté. Cependant, une enquête fédérale sur des charges similaires tourna différemment et il fut condamné à quatre ans de prison. Il fut acquitté lors d'un procès à Troy (New York). En 1931, des portes-flingues de Schultz ouvrirent le feu à l'Aratoga Inn, près de Cairo (New York). Il y survécut, alors que deux personnes y laissèrent la vie.

## La Chute
Le 18 décembre 1931, les ennemis de Diamond parvinrent finalement à l'abattre alors qu'il passait par une de ses cachettes sur Dove Street à Albany (New York), après avoir passé la nuit à fêter le résultat de son procès à Troy. Les tireurs l'abattirent de trois balles dans la tête vers 5:30 du matin ; cependant six coups de feu furent entendu, et il est à penser qu'il a donc lutté. S'il n'avait pas été abattu, il aurait été envoyé en prison par la sentence fédérale.
Il y a eu de nombreuses spéculations pour savoir qui était responsable du meurtre, incluant Dutch Schultz, les frères Oley et la police d'Albany. D'après l'ouvrage O albany! de William J. Kennedy, sa mort aurait été ordonnée par Dan O'Connell, président du parti démocrate du comté d'Albany, et il aurait été tué par la police d'Albany. Lors d'une interview par Kennedy en 1974, O'Connell déclara:
"Pour que la mafia vienne s'installer, elle doit être protégée, et ils savaient qu'ils ne le seraient jamais dans cette ville. On l'avait établi il y a des années. Legs Diamond... a appelé un jour et a dit qu'il voulait venir dans le business ici. Il comptait vendre des protections aux commerçants. Je lui ai dit qu'il n'allait pas faire de business à Albany et on ne s'attendait pas à le voir en ville le matin suivant. Il n'a jamais rien commencé ici."
D'après la version d'O'Connell, le sergent de police Fitzpatrick aurait abattu Diamond. Étant donné l'influence de O'Connell à Albany, la plupart des gens ont accepté sa version. Elle a été confirmée par plusieurs officiels.
Son épouse, Alice SHIFFER DIAMOND, fut assassinée  le 1er Juillet 1933 dans un appartement dd Brooklyn qu'elle occupait depuis quelque temps.

## Dans la culture populaire
- Le premier livre dans la série Albany de William J. Kennedy est Legs. Il retrace l'histoire de Diamond jusqu'à sa mort.
- Diamond est le sujet du film de 1960 de Budd Boetticher, The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond, avec Ray Danton et Warren Oates. Une pièce musicale de broadway en 1988 fut basée sur le film.
- Le rappeur Raekwon du Wu-Tang Clan commence l'album Only built for Cuban Link avec un thème mafieu dans lequel lui et un artiste invité utilisent des surnoms. Le surnom de Raekwon est "Lex Diamond", en hommage à Legs Diamond.
- Dans la série Monty Python's Flying Circus pour la télévision britannique, un film d'animation de Terry Gilliam présente un poulet gangster nommé "Eggs" Diamond.
- Il a aussi inspiré Michael Jackson pour son clip Smooth Criminal.
- Un groupe de hard rock porte également ce nom. Album : "Diamond is a hard rock".

wikiname: frwiki

title: Legs Diamond

in_language: fr

wikitext:
{{Infobox Biographie2}}

'''Jack « Legs » Diamond''' ({{date|10|juillet|1897}} - {{date|18|décembre|1931}}), connu sous le nom de '''Gentleman Jack''', était un gangster [[irlando-américain]] à New York pendant l'époque de la [[prohibition]]. [[Bootlegger]] et proche associé de [[Arnold Rothstein]], qui faisait dans le jeu, Diamond a survécu à de nombreuses tentatives de meurtres entre 1919 et 1931, lui donnant la réputation de « pigeon d'argile de la pègre » (''clay pigeon of the underworld''). En 1930, [[Dutch Schultz]] fit remarquer à son gang, « N'y a-t-il donc personne ici qui puisse abattre ce type sans qu'il en ressorte ? » (''ain't there nobody that can shoot this guy so he don't bounce back''). Remarquons que Jack Diamond n'était pas lié à [[Stanley Diamond]], membre de la famille [[Lucchese]].

== Jeunesse ==

'''Jack Moran''' est né le {{date-|10 juillet 1897}} à [[Philadelphie]], [[Pennsylvanie]]. Ses parents, John et Sara Nolan immigrèrent aux [[États-Unis]] en provenance d'[[Irlande (île)|Irlande]] en 1891. Les Moran (Jack, ses parents John et Sara, et son frère Eddie né en 1899) s'installèrent d'abord à [[Philadelphie]] en [[Pennsylvanie]], au 951 Frankford Avenue. Ils déménagèrent ensuite à [[Brooklyn]] dans l'État de New York après la mort de Sara, intervenue le {{date-|24 décembre 1913}} à la suite de complications consécutives à une infection bactériologique.

À [[New York]], Diamond rejoignit rapidement un gang des rues appelé les [[Hudson Dusters]]. Il fut arrêté pour la première fois en 1914 à la suite d'un cambriolage dans une bijouterie. Il servit quelques années plus tard dans l'armée des [[États-Unis]], notamment pendant la [[Première Guerre mondiale]], mais il déserta en 1918 ou 1919, ce pour quoi il fut condamné et emprisonné.

À sa sortie de prison, il fut recruté par [[Jacob « Little Augie » Orgen]] pour assassiner un ennemi. Legs Diamond devint le garde du corps de [[Jacob Orgen]]. Il fut touché par balles à deux reprises lorsqu'Orgen fut tué par [[Louis « Lepke » Buchalter]], qui essayait de s'approprier certains de ses rackets dans l'industrie de la confection.

== Train de vie ==

Diamond était connu pour son train de vie extravagant. Individu très énergique, son surnom de « Legs » vient, soit du fait qu'il était bon danseur, soit de sa rapidité à échapper à ses ennemis. Pour un gangster, Diamond était réputé plutôt loyal mais  il ne répugnait pas à doubler quelqu'un quand le besoin s'en faisait sentir. Sa femme Alice Diamond n'a jamais accepté son style de vie mais n'essaya pas non plus de l'en dissuader. Diamond était un coureur de jupons dont la maîtresse la plus célèbre était la danseuse [[Marion « Kiki » Roberts]]. Le public aimait Diamond : c'était l'une des plus grandes célébrités de New York.

== La prohibition ==

À la fin des années 1920, avec la mise en place de la [[prohibition]], la fabrication et la vente d'alcool devinrent illégales aux [[États-Unis]]. La vente d'alcool fut rapidement contrôlée par le crime organisé américain qui connut, dès lors, un développement sans précédent. Legs Diamond participa à cette activité.

Legs Diamond voyagea également en Europe pour mettre en place des réseaux d'acheminement d'alcool et de drogue. Il se rendit, notamment, en [[Allemagne]] accompagné de plusieurs gangsters italo-américains, parmi lesquels [[Charles « Lucky » Luciano]], mais il se fit arrêter par les autorités locales avant de se faire expulser.

Après la mort de [[Jacob Orgen]], Legs Diamond essaya de contrôler les [[speakeasies]] du centre de [[Manhattan]] mais il se heurta à [[Dutch Schultz]] qui essayait d'agrandir son territoire de [[Harlem]] ainsi qu'à d'autres gangs. On tenta de l'abattre à l'Hôtel Monticello après qu'il eut refusé d'honorer une dette. Pour échapper aux tueurs de [[Dutch Schultz]] et des autres gangs, il se réfugia dans les [[Monts Catskill]]. Cependant, les hommes de Dutch Schultz le retrouvèrent et, au cours d'un dîner, tirèrent sur lui à cinq reprises, sans succès.

En 1930, Legs Diamond et deux de ses hommes de main kidnappèrent [[Grover Parks]], un conducteur de camions, et lui demandèrent quel genre d'alcool il transportait. Celui-ci répondit qu'il ne transportait rien. Legs Diamond et ses acolytes le torturèrent avant de finalement le laisser partir. Quelques mois plus tard, Diamond fut inculpé pour kidnapping mais acquitté. Cependant, une enquête fédérale sur des charges similaires tourna différemment et il fut condamné à quatre ans de prison. Il fut acquitté lors d'un procès à [[Troy (New York)]]. En 1931, des portes-flingues de Schultz ouvrirent le feu à l'Aratoga Inn, près de [[Cairo (New York)]]. Il y survécut, alors que deux personnes y laissèrent la vie.

== La Chute ==

Le {{date-|18 décembre 1931}}, les ennemis de Diamond parvinrent finalement à l'abattre alors qu'il passait par une de ses cachettes sur Dove Street à [[Albany (New York)]], après avoir passé la nuit à fêter le résultat de son procès à Troy. Les tireurs l'abattirent de trois balles dans la tête vers 5:30 du matin ; cependant six coups de feu furent entendu, et il est à penser qu'il a donc lutté. S'il n'avait pas été abattu, il aurait été envoyé en prison par la sentence fédérale.

Il y a eu de nombreuses spéculations pour savoir qui était responsable du meurtre, incluant [[Dutch Schultz]], les frères Oley et la police d'Albany. D'après l'ouvrage ''O albany!'' de [[William J. Kennedy]], sa mort aurait été ordonnée par [[wikipedia:Daniel_P._O'Connell|Dan O'Connel]]<nowiki/>l, président du parti démocrate du comté d'Albany, et il aurait été tué par la police d'Albany. Lors d'une interview par Kennedy en 1974, O'Connell déclara:
"Pour que la mafia vienne s'installer, elle doit être protégée, et ils savaient qu'ils ne le seraient jamais dans cette ville. On l'avait établi il y a des années. Legs Diamond... a appelé un jour et a dit qu'il voulait venir dans le business ici. Il comptait vendre des ''protections'' aux commerçants. Je lui ai dit qu'il n'allait pas faire de business à Albany et on ne s'attendait pas à le voir en ville le matin suivant. Il n'a jamais rien commencé ici."

D'après la version d'O'Connell, le sergent de police Fitzpatrick aurait abattu Diamond. Étant donné l'influence de O'Connell à Albany, la plupart des gens ont accepté sa version. Elle a été confirmée par plusieurs officiels.

Son épouse, Alice SHIFFER DIAMOND, fut assassinée  le 1er Juillet 1933 dans un appartement dd Brooklyn qu'elle occupait depuis quelque temps.

== Dans la culture populaire ==

* Le premier livre dans la série ''Albany'' de [[William J. Kennedy]] est ''Legs''. Il retrace l'histoire de Diamond jusqu'à sa mort.
* Diamond est le sujet du film de 1960 de [[Budd Boetticher]], ''[[The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond]]'', avec [[Ray Danton]] et [[Warren Oates]]. Une pièce musicale de broadway en 1988 fut basée sur le film.
* Le rappeur [[Raekwon]] du [[Wu-Tang Clan]] commence l'album ''Only built for Cuban Link'' avec un thème mafieu dans lequel lui et un artiste invité utilisent des surnoms. Le surnom de Raekwon est "Lex Diamond", en hommage à Legs Diamond.
* Dans la série [[Monty Python's Flying Circus]] pour la télévision britannique, un film d'animation de [[Terry Gilliam]] présente un poulet gangster nommé "Eggs" Diamond.
*Il a aussi inspiré [[Michael Jackson]] pour son clip ''[[Smooth Criminal]]''.
* Un groupe de hard rock porte également ce nom. Album : "Diamond is a hard rock".

== Références ==

Livres complémentaires sur le sujet:
* Levine, Gary. Anatomy of a Gangster: Jack "Legs" Diamond, Purple Mountain Press, 1979.
* Curzon, Sam. Legs Diamond, Belmont Tower Books, 1973.
* Kennedy, William. O Albany, Viking Penguin Inc, 1983.
* Downey, Patrick. "Gangster City: The History of the New York Underworld 1900-1935". [[Fort Lee]], New Jersey: Barricade Books, 2004.

{{traduction/Référence|en|Jack Diamond (gangster)|179156540}}

== Liens externes ==
{{Liens}}

{{Portail|criminologie|États-Unis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Diamond, Jack}}
[[Catégorie:Personnalité américaine née d'un parent irlandais]]
[[Catégorie:Naissance en juillet 1897]]
[[Catégorie:Décès en décembre 1931]]
[[Catégorie:Crime organisé irlando-américain]]
[[Catégorie:Assassinat par arme à feu aux États-Unis]]
[[Catégorie:Naissance à Philadelphie]]
[[Catégorie:Décès à New York]]
[[Catégorie:Décès à Albany (New York)]]
[[Catégorie:Décès à 34 ans]]

title: Biographie

Naissance: 10 juillet 1897 · Philadelphie

Décès: 18 décembre 1931 (à 34 ans) · Albany

Sépulture: Mount Olivet Cemetery (en)

Nom dans la langue maternelle: Jack «Legs» Diamond

Nationalité: américaine

Activité: Criminel


text:
# آنتون التکریتی
آنتون التکریتی (سریانی: ܐܢܛܘܢܝܘܣ ܕܬܓܪܝܬ؛ عربی: أنطون التكريتي؛ درگذشته: ۸۴۰) معروف به آنتون سخنور (خوش بیان) (با نگارش السریانیه: ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) سخنور برجسته و یک روحانی کیش مسیحیت (پیرو کلیسای غرب سریانی) بود که در قرن ۹ میلادی در شهر تکریت به دنیا آمد و در همین قرن ترقی کرد و شناخته شد و در سال ۸۴۰ میلادی درگذشت.

## آثار
بسیاری از آثار وی از بین رفته و باقی نمانده‌است بجز کتاب وی در دانش سخنوری (با نگارش السریانیه: ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) که به زبان‌های مختلف نیز ترجمه شده‌است. نقش آنتون در سریانی و زبان سریانی با نقش الفراهیدی در عربی و زبان عربی، به‌علت اینکه وی در زمان خودش اقدام به تنظیم وزنهای شعر السریانی نمود برابری می‌کند.

wikiname: fawiki

title: آنتون التکریتی

in_language: fa

wikitext:
{{جعبه اطلاعات شخصیت سیاسی مذهبی
|عنوان             = آنتون التکریتی
|سرشناسی           =
|تصویر             =
|نام کامل          =
|لقب               = آنتون سخنور (خوش بیان)
|نسب               =
|زادروز            = سده ۹ میلادی
|شهر تولد          = تکریت
|کشور تولد         =
|تاریخ درگذشت      = ۸۴۰
|شهر درگذشت        =
|کشور درگذشت       =
|آرامگاه           =
|نام همسر           =
|فرزندان           =
|خویشاوندان سرشناس =
|دین               =
|مذهب              = مسیحیت (پیرو کلیسای غرب سریانی)
|پیشه              = سخنور و کیش مسیحی
|مناصب             =
|پس از              =
|پیش از             =
|اساتید            =
|شاگردان           =
|تالیفات           = دانش سخنوری (با نگارش السریانیه: ܣܘܪܝܝܐ)
|وبگاه رسمی         =
|امضا               =
}}
'''آنتون التکریتی''' ([[سریانی]]: ܐܢܛܘܢܝܘܣ ܕܬܓܪܝܬ؛ {{lang-ar|أنطون التكريتي}}؛ درگذشته: ۸۴۰)<ref>''Antun of Tragrit'' by John W. Watt, in Sebastian Brock et al. (eds.), ''Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of Syriac Heritage'', Piscataway, Gorgias Press, 2011, p. 23.</ref> معروف به آنتون سخنور (خوش بیان) (با نگارش السریانیه: ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) سخنور برجسته و یک روحانی کیش [[مسیحیت]] (پیرو کلیسای غرب سریانی) بود که در [[سده ۱۹ (میلادی)|قرن ۹ میلادی]] در شهر [[تکریت]] به دنیا آمد و در همین قرن ترقی کرد و شناخته شد و در سال ۸۴۰ میلادی درگذشت.<ref name="Schadé2006">{{cite book|last=Schadé|first=Johannes P.|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRkfKdho-5cC&pg=PT63|accessdate=23 June 2013|year=2006|publisher=Foreign Media Group|isbn=978-1-60136-000-7|page=63}}</ref>

== آثار ==
بسیاری از آثار وی از بین رفته و باقی نمانده‌است بجز کتاب وی در دانش سخنوری (با نگارش السریانیه: ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) که به زبان‌های مختلف نیز ترجمه شده‌است. نقش آنتون در سریانی و [[زبان سریانی]] با نقش الفراهیدی در عربی و [[زبان عربی]]، به‌علت اینکه وی در زمان خودش اقدام به تنظیم وزنهای شعر السریانی نمود برابری می‌کند.<ref>''The Fifth Book of the Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit'', Louvain, Peeters, 1986.</ref>

== منابع ==
{{پانویس|چپ‌چین=}}
* {{یادکرد-ویکی|پیوند =//ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=أنطون_التكريتي&oldid=26650679|عنوان = أنطون التکریتی|زبان =عربی|بازیابی =۷ ژوئن ۲۰۱۸}}
* {{یادکرد-ویکی|پیوند =//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_of_Tagrit&oldid=782467946|عنوان = Anthony of Tagrit|زبان =انگلیسی|بازیابی =۷ ژوئن ۲۰۱۸}}

== پیوند به بیرون ==
{{انبار-رده}}
{{داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای}}
{{portal bar|زندگی‌نامه|مسیحیت}}

{{ترتیب‌پیش‌فرض:التکریتی، آنتون}}
[[رده:الهی‌دانان مسیحی سده ۹ (میلادی)]]
[[رده:اهالی تکریت]]
[[رده:بلاغت‌دانان]]
[[رده:مسیحیان اهل عراق]]
[[رده:نویسندگان سده ۹ (میلادی)]]
[[رده:نویسندگان سریانی]]

title: اطلاعات شخصی

زاده: سده ۹ میلادی · تکریت،

پیشه: سخنور و کیش مسیحی


text:
# Anse la Raye (quận)
Anse la Raye là một quận ở phía tây đảo quốc Saint Lucia ở Caribe. Năm 2001, dân số của quận là 6.071 người, và chủ yếu là các ngư dân và lao động nông nghiệp. Thị trấn chính của quận có cùng tên và nằm ở phía tây thủ đô Castries.

## Thị trấn
- Anse La Raye
- Canaries

wikiname: viwiki

title: Anse la Raye (quận)

in_language: vi

wikitext:
{{Thông tin khu dân cư
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Anse la Raye
| settlement_type = [[Quận của Saint Lucia|Quận]]
| image_skyline = Anse la Raye fused copy.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Santa lucia anse la raye political.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = The Quarter of Anse la Raye
| latd = 13 |latm = 55 |lats = |latNS = N
| longd = 61 |longm = 01 |longs = |longEW = W
| coor_pinpoint = town of Anse-la-Raye
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[Quốc gia]]
| subdivision_name = [[Saint Lucia]]
| area_magnitude =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 6,071
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Anse la Raye''' là một [[quận của Saint Lucia|quận]] ở phía tây [[đảo quốc]] [[Saint Lucia]] ở [[Vùng Caribe|Caribe]]. Năm 2001, dân số của quận là 6.071 người, và chủ yếu là các ngư dân và lao động nông nghiệp. Thị trấn chính của quận có cùng tên và nằm ở phía tây thủ đô [[Castries]].

==Thị trấn==
*[[Anse La Raye]]
*[[Canaries]]

==Quận liền kề==
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Anse la Raye
|North = [[Castries (quận)|Castries]]
|Northeast =
|East =
|Southeast =
|South = [[Soufrière (quận)|Soufrière]]
|Southwest =
|West =
|Northwest =
}}

{{Quận của Saint Lucia}}

==Tham khảo==
{{tham khảo}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anse La Raye Quarter}}
[[Thể loại:Quận của Saint Lucia]]
{{SaintLucia-geo-stub}}

[[nl:Anse-la-Raye]]

title: Anse la Raye

Quốc gia: Saint Lucia

Thủ phủ: Anse La Raye

title: Dân số (2001)


text:
# Reputational damage
Reputational damage is the loss to financial capital, social capital and/or market share resulting from damage to an organization's reputation. This is often measured in lost revenue, increased operating, capital or regulatory costs, or destruction of shareholder value. Ethics violations, safety issues, security issues, a lack of sustainability, poor quality, and lack of or unethical innovation can all cause reputational damage if they become known.
Reputational damage can result from an adverse or potentially criminal event, regardless of whether the company is directly responsible for said event (as was the case of the Chicago Tylenol murders in 1982). Extreme cases may lead to large financial losses or bankruptcy, as per the case of Arthur Andersen.
Reputation is recorded as an intangible asset in a company's financial records. Hence, damage to a firm's reputation has financial repercussions. Minor issues can be amplified by external social processes which lead to even more severe impacts on a firm's position.

## Examples of reputational damage

### Wells Fargo
Wells Fargo was exposed for opening millions of unauthorized bank accounts in 2016. This was done by the firm's retail bankers, who were encouraged or coerced by some supervisors.
The CEO (John Stumpf) and other executives were dismissed. Regulators subjected the bank to fines and penalties, and customers reduced, suspended, or discontinued activities with the bank. The company suffered from heavy reputational damage and financial losses.
Reputational risk was further worsened in 2019 when new legislation was introduced by the House of Representatives. The new legislation uncovered Wells Fargo's practice of offshoring thousands of American jobs and forcing soon to be unemployed workers to train their foreign replacements.
Wells Fargo reputation was further damaged when an Indian Wells Fargo executive was caught urinating on a fellow passenger on an international flight, and again when an employee died at her desk and no one noticed for over 4 days until a foul smell caused employees to complain.

### Toyota
Toyota recalled 8 million vehicles worldwide and froze the sales of eight models in the U.S. in January 2010 amongst pressure from the public, industry regulators and the media. By company estimates, Toyota lost approximately US$2 billion due to the recalls and subsequent lost sales. Additionally, Toyota was fined US$16 million for failing to report the issues promptly and endangering lives.
More tangible financial harm became evident in 2014, when Toyota and the U.S. Justice Department agreed on a settlement of US$1.2 billion and a public admission of guilt from Toyota for neglecting the defects. The reputational aftermath of these events was measured by Rasmussen, who found that despite 59% of Americans finding Toyota at least somewhat "favorable", there was a significant portion (29%) who found Toyota "very unfavorable".

### Boeing
A Boeing 737 Max jet crashed in 2018 in Indonesia killing 189 people then in 2019 another jet crashed killing 157 people. Boeing initially blamed lack of training and pilot error. Later it was discovered the aircraft had a secret pitch adjustment system called MCAS that would override pilot input. This was never disclosed to the operators or pilots. It was discovered that Boeing had offshored the software development to low pay overseas Indian software programmers with no experience in flight critical code. Boeing, grilled in congress for safety lapses, eventually fired the CEO for putting "profits ahead of safety". The planes were grounded for over a year while defects were corrected and airworthiness could be re-certified. He was replaced by then Boeing chairman Dave Calhoun. In 2024 a door plug fell off a Max 737 airplane operated by Alaska Airlines. United Airlines - one of the major customers of Boeing stated they no longer have confidence in Boeing to meet its contractual obligations. Southwest Airlines stated they were turning to Airbus - a Boeing competitor - for new airplanes. The persistent and ongoing quality lapses have tarnished Boeing's reputation.
"The 737 MAX crisis severely damaged Boeing’s reputation and eroded trust among key stakeholders, including airlines, passengers, regulators, and the general public. The accidents and subsequent revelations about the aircraft’s design and certification processes raised questions about Boeing’s commitment to safety and transparency."

## Reputational risk management
Proposed frameworks to manage reputational risk include:
- Systematically tracking evolving stakeholder expectations.[29]
- Identifying stakeholder risk factors as part of a general risk management process.[30]
- Transforming risk management processes to become more proactive rather than reflexive.[30]
- Regularly auditing the catalysts of corporate reputations using the most recent reputation monitoring technologies and services.[31]

title: Reputational damage

wikitext:
{{Short description|Type of financial loss}}
{{for|the concept in diplomacy|Reputational damage (diplomacy)}}
{{Financial risk types}}
'''Reputational damage''' is the loss to [[financial capital]], [[social capital]] and/or [[market share]] resulting from damage to an organization's reputation. This is often measured in lost [[revenue]], increased operating, capital or regulatory costs, or destruction of [[shareholder value]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Heery|first1=Edmund|last2=Noon|first2=Mike|date=2017|title=A Dictionary of Human Resource Management|journal=Oxford Reference|doi=10.1093/acref/9780191827822.001.0001}}</ref> [[Ethics violation]]s, [[Workplace safety standards|safety issues]], [[Security (finance)|security issues]], a lack of [[sustainability]], poor quality, and lack of or unethical [[innovation]] can all cause reputational damage if they become known.<ref>{{Citation|last=Walter|first=Ingo|chapter=Reputational Risk|date=2011-12-13|pages=103–123|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781118266298.ch6|isbn=9781118266298|title=Finance Ethics}}</ref>

Reputational damage can result from an adverse or potentially criminal event, regardless of whether the company is directly responsible for said event (as was the case of the [[Chicago Tylenol murders]] in 1982).<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hindson|first1=Alex|title=Managing reputational risk – Case studies|date=2009|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-01630-1_10|work=Reputation Capital|pages=143–160|editor-last=Klewes|editor-first=Joachim|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-01630-1_10|isbn=978-3-642-01629-5|access-date=2021-04-05|last2=Louisot|first2=Jean-Paul|editor2-last=Wreschniok|editor2-first=Robert|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Extreme cases may lead to large financial losses<ref>{{Cite news|date=2007-02-01|title=Reputation and Its Risks|work=Harvard Business Review|url=https://hbr.org/2007/02/reputation-and-its-risks|access-date=2021-04-05|issn=0017-8012}}</ref> or [[bankruptcy]], as per the case of [[Arthur Andersen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1023409436545200|title=Arthur Andersen's Fall From Grace Is a Sad Tale of Greed and Miscues|first1=Ken|last1=Brown|first2=Ianthe Jeanne|last2=DuganStaff|date=2002|website=Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref>

Reputation is recorded as an [[intangible asset]] in a company's financial records.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_08-15_COMPoct15_01-18.pdf|title=Intangible assets|last=AASB 138|date=2018|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> Hence, damage to a firm's reputation has financial repercussions.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rethinking reputational risk : How to manage the risks that can ruin your business, your reputation and you.|last1=Fitzsimmons|first1=Anthony|last2=Atkins|first2=Derek|publisher=Kogan Page, Limited|year=2017|isbn=9780749477363|pages=45}}</ref> Minor issues can be amplified by external social processes which lead to even more severe impacts on a firm's position.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Power|first=Michael|date=18 February 2017|title=The risk management of everything|url=http://www.webhelp.co.za/web/fileadmin/user_upload/02._The_risk_management_of_everything.pdf|journal=The Journal of Risk Finance|volume=5|issue=3|pages=58–65|doi=10.1108/eb023001}}</ref>

== Examples of reputational damage ==

=== Wells Fargo ===
[[Wells Fargo]] was exposed for [[Wells Fargo account fraud scandal|opening millions of unauthorized bank accounts]] in 2016. This was done by the firm's retail bankers, who were encouraged or coerced by some supervisors.<ref>Levine, Matt (9 September 2016). [https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2016-09-09/wells-fargo-opened-a-couple-million-fake-accounts "Wells Fargo Opened a Couple Million Fake Accounts"]. Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 May 2017.</ref>

The CEO ([[John Stumpf]]) and other executives were dismissed. Regulators subjected the bank to fines and penalties, and customers reduced, suspended, or discontinued activities with the bank. The company suffered from heavy reputational damage and financial losses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reputational-risk.asp|title=Why Reputational Risk Matters|last=Kenton|first=Will|website=Investopedia|language=en|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>

Reputational risk was further worsened in 2019 when new legislation was introduced by the House of Representatives. The new legislation uncovered Wells Fargo's practice of offshoring thousands of American jobs and forcing soon to be unemployed workers to train their foreign replacements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmQhrzMhDMM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/hmQhrzMhDMM |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=House debate on offshoring practices of Wells Fargo|website=youtube|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Wells Fargo reputation was further damaged when an Indian Wells Fargo executive was caught urinating on a fellow passenger on an international flight,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bank Executive Accused of Urinating on a Fellow Airline Passenger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/07/world/asia/india-airline-wells-fargo-urination.html |website=NY Times}}</ref> and again when an employee died at her desk and no one noticed for over 4 days until a foul smell caused employees to complain.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Ashley R. |date=2024-08-31 |title=Wells Fargo employee found dead at her desk days after she last clocked into work, authorities say |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/31/us/wells-fargo-employee-desk-arizona/index.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

=== Toyota ===
[[Toyota]] recalled [[2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls|8 million vehicles worldwide]] and froze the sales of eight models in the U.S. in January 2010 amongst pressure from the public, industry regulators and the media.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFTKG00664220100209|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075227/http://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFTKG00664220100209|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 4, 2016|title=Toyota to recall 436,000 hybrids globally-document|date=2010-02-09|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-04-22|language=en}}</ref> By company estimates, Toyota lost approximately US$2 billion due to the recalls and subsequent lost sales.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0129/Toyota-recall-update-dealers-face-full-lots-anxious-customers|title=Toyota recall update: dealers face full lots, anxious customers|date=2010-01-29|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2019-04-22|issn=0882-7729}}</ref> Additionally, Toyota was fined US$16 million for failing to report the issues promptly and endangering lives.

More tangible financial harm became evident in 2014, when Toyota and the U.S. Justice Department agreed on a settlement of US$1.2 billion and a public admission of guilt from Toyota for neglecting the defects. The reputational aftermath of these events was measured by [[Rasmussen Reports|Rasmussen]], who found that despite 59% of Americans finding Toyota at least somewhat "favorable", there was a significant portion (29%) who found Toyota "very unfavorable".

=== Boeing ===
A [[Boeing]] 737 Max jet crashed in 2018 in Indonesia<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_610 | title=Lion Air Flight 610 }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2024}} killing 189 people then in 2019 another jet crashed<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sriwijaya_Air_Flight_182 | title=Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2024}} killing 157 people. Boeing initially blamed lack of training and pilot error. Later it was discovered the aircraft had a secret pitch adjustment system called [[Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System|MCAS]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneuvering_Characteristics_Augmentation_System | title=Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2024}} that would override pilot input. This was never disclosed to the operators or pilots. It was discovered that Boeing had offshored the software development to low pay overseas Indian software programmers with no experience in flight critical code.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robison |first=Peter |date=2019-07-02 |title=Boeing engineers blame cheap Indian software for 737 Max problems |url=https://theprint.in/world/boeing-engineers-blame-cheap-indian-software-for-737-max-problems/256999/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Boeing, grilled in congress for safety lapses, eventually fired the CEO for putting "profits ahead of safety".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gelles |first1=David |last2=Kitroeff |first2=Natalie |date=2019-12-23 |title=Boeing Fires C.E.O. Dennis Muilenburg |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/23/business/Boeing-ceo-muilenburg.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The planes were grounded for over a year while defects were corrected and airworthiness could be re-certified.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings | title=Boeing 737 MAX groundings }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2024}} He was replaced by then Boeing chairman Dave Calhoun.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Calhoun | title=Dave Calhoun }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2024}} In 2024 a door plug fell off a Max 737 airplane operated by Alaska Airlines.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Flight_1282 | title=Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2024}} United Airlines - one of the major customers of Boeing stated they no longer have confidence in Boeing to meet its contractual obligations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Josephs |first=Leslie |date=2024-01-23 |title=United CEO casts doubt on 737 Max 10 order after Boeing's recent problems |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/23/united-ceo-casts-doubt-on-boeing-737-max-10-order.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Southwest Airlines stated they were turning to Airbus - a Boeing competitor - for new airplanes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Josephs |first=Leslie |date=2024-01-25 |title=Southwest Airlines takes Boeing Max 7 out of 2024 plans because of certification delays |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/25/southwest-airlines-takes-boeing-max-7-out-of-fleet-plan-for-2024.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> The persistent and ongoing quality lapses have tarnished Boeing's reputation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segal |first=Edward |title=Boeing Faces New Challenges To Image, Reputation And Credibility |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/edwardsegal/2021/10/15/boeing-faces-new-challenges-to-image-reputation-and-credibility/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/business/airlines/the-737-max-blows-another-hole-in-boeings-reputation-14e8ce0c | title=The 737 MAX Blows Another Hole in Boeing's Reputation | newspaper=WSJ | last1=Sindreu | first1=Jon }}</ref>

"The 737 MAX crisis severely damaged Boeing’s reputation and eroded trust among key stakeholders, including airlines, passengers, regulators, and the general public. The accidents and subsequent revelations about the aircraft’s design and certification processes raised questions about Boeing’s commitment to safety and transparency."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://changemanagementinsight.com/boeing-crisis-management-case-study-a-detailed-analysis/ | title=Boeing Crisis Management Case Study: A Detailed Analysis  }}</ref>

== Reputational risk management ==
{{main article|Reputation management}}
Proposed frameworks to manage reputational risk include:

* Systematically tracking evolving stakeholder expectations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ro/Documents/about-deloitte/ro-managing-reputation-risk-laura-toni.pdf|title=Managing reputation risk|last=Toni|first=Laura|date=November 28, 2014|website=Deloitte|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref>
* Identifying stakeholder risk factors as part of a general risk management process.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Boatright|first=John R.|date=2010-08-09|title=Finance Ethics|doi=10.1002/9781118266298|isbn=9781118266298}}</ref>
* Transforming risk management processes to become more proactive rather than reflexive.<ref name=":1" />
* Regularly auditing the catalysts of corporate reputations using the most recent reputation monitoring technologies and services.<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Reputational Risk|date=2012-03-09|pages=268–279|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|doi=10.1002/9781118387016.ch16|isbn=9781118387016|title=Essentials of Risk Management in Finance|s2cid=259438031 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Audit]]
* [[Center for Audit Quality]]
* [[Continuous auditing]]
* [[Enterprise risk management#COSO ERM framework|COSO]] framework, [[Risk management]]
* [[Quality audit]]

== References ==
<references />
{{Financial risk|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Financial risk]]
[[Category:Reputation management|Risk]]


text:
# Orsziwci
Orsziwci (ukr. Оршівці) – wieś na Ukrainie, w obwodzie czerniowieckim, w rejonie czerniowieckim, nad Prutem. W 2001 roku liczyła 2380 mieszkańców.

wikiname: plwiki

title: Orsziwci

in_language: pl

wikitext:
{{Miejscowość infobox
 |nazwa                        = Orsziwci
 |nazwa oryginalna             = {{k|uk|Оршівці}}
 |zdjęcie                      =
 |opis zdjęcia                 =
 |herb                         =
 |flaga                        =
 |dopełniacz nazwy             =
 |państwo                      = UA-77
 |2. jednostka administracyjna = [[rejon czerniowiecki|czerniowiecki]]
 |powierzchnia                 =
 |wysokość                     =
 |rok                          = 2001
 |liczba ludności              = 2380
 |gęstość zaludnienia          =
 |numer kierunkowy             = +380 3736
 |kod pocztowy                 = 59321
 |tablice rejestracyjne        =
 |kod mapy                     = obwód czerniowiecki
 |współrzędne                  = 48°25'10"N 25°37'43"E
 |commons                      =
 |www                          =
}}
'''Orsziwci''' ({{w języku|uk|Оршівці}}) – wieś na [[Ukraina|Ukrainie]], w [[Obwód czerniowiecki|obwodzie czerniowieckim]], w [[Rejon czerniowiecki|rejonie czerniowieckim]], nad [[Prut]]em. W 2001 roku liczyła 2380 mieszkańców{{r|rada}}.

== Przypisy ==
<references responsive>
<ref name=rada>{{cytuj stronę | url = http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/z7503/A005?rdat1=14.02.2011&rf7571=39136 | język = uk | tytuł = с Оршівці, Чернівецька область, Кіцманський район | data dostępu = 2021-11-28 | opublikowany = Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України}}</ref>
</references>

[[Kategoria:Wsie w obwodzie czerniowieckim]]

title: OrsziwciОршівці

Państwo: Ukraina

Obwód: czerniowiecki

Rejon: czerniowiecki