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The Dispatch: More from CWR...

Pope Francis and the “religion of humanity’

Daniel J. Mahoney’s book The Idol of Our Age offers a succinct and clear rebuttal to many of the left-leaning, socialist notions of the current pontiff.

Pope Francis and former Cuban President Fidel Castro grasp each other's hands at Castro's residence in Havana Sept. 20, 2015. (CNS photo/Alex Castro, AIN handout via Reuters)

As individuals move away from organized religion, they begin to search elsewhere for meaning in their lives. Some turn to relationships, to work, or to politics. In doing so, they become creatures not of God but of society-politics. One then has the choice to either rule or be ruled, and the stakes can be no higher, because for the secular humanist man is the highest being, and so power among men is the highest good. This is a key reason why nearly everything is now political—and increasingly contentious. It is also why people become consumed with political campaigns and the outcomes of elections.

For those who continue to search for meaning in Christianity, the humanitarian impulse to regard man “as the measure of all things” has corrupted the value of much of organized religion, reducing it to an inordinate concern for social justice, radical politics, and an increasingly fanatical egalitarianism.

Daniel J. Mahoney, Philosophy Professor at Assumption College, puts this into perspective in his new book, The Idol of Our Age: How the Religion of Humanity Subverts Christianity (Encounter Books, 2018), in which he suggests that humanitarians have confused equitable social arrangements with socialism, and moral judgment with utopianism and sentimentality. This has now manifested itself in many ways in the progressive politics surrounding Pope Francis. The 2013 election of Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio from Argentina was initially welcomed by most Catholics, including progressive media outlets that were quick to describe him as one of their own because of his concern for the plight of the poor. (Pope Francis  identifies strongly with the poor and has often stated, “My people are poor and I am one of them.”) And, although progressives continue to applaud the many ways in which Pope Francis has denigrated capitalism—excoriating what he claims are the profit motives of those he views as the “greedy” business owners—some have experienced a growing unease about what they view as the pontiff’s slide to socialism.

In the summer of 2015, the Economist published an essay describing Francis as “The Peronist Pope.” Raised in Argentina, the young Bergoglio was apparently attracted to the political ideology and legacy of former President Juan Domingo Peron and his wife, Eva, although the exact nature of the attraction is not entirely clear. The Peronist ideal rejects both capitalism and communism, but views the state as the savior in negotiating conflicts between managers and workers. Rather than looking to social, spiritual or political measures to help the poor, the Peronists look to the state to redistribute existing wealth. 1 Progressives often laud its populist roots, citing President Peron’s support of universal social security, free health care, and free higher education. Soviet-style low income housing projects were created for “workers” and employers were forced to provide paid vacations for all employees. Although Peron grew to mistrust the Catholic priesthood, he claimed that his economic system was the “true embodiment of Catholic social teaching.” But, by 1954, Peronism’s anti-clericalism resulted in state control over the churches, denunciations of clergy, and confiscation of Catholic schools and Church property.

During a visit to Bolivia in July, 2015, Pope Francis publicly and graciously accepted a gift of a crucifix shaped in the form of a Marxist hammer and sickle from Bolivia’s Marxist President Evo Morales. Ignoring the murderous history symbolized by the hammer and sickle, Pope Francis told those on the plane ride back to Rome that “I understand this work,” and “for me it wasn’t an offense.” In Paraguay, he denigrated capitalism—telling a large gathering “not to yield to an economic model which is idolatrous, which needs to sacrifice human lives on the altar of money and profit.” And, during the welcoming ceremony at Jose Marti International Airport in Havana on September 19, 2015, when Pope Francis visited the Communist island, he spoke of his “sentiments of particular respect” for Fidel Castro, a totalitarian tyrant who subjugated the people of Cuba for more than fifty years, and who viciously persecuted the Catholic Church. Pope Francis said nothing about the persecution and imprisonment of Catholic dissidents in Cuba—ignoring the pleas of the parents of those imprisoned.

Echoing these concerns about the inability of the current pontiff to criticize dictators such as Castro and Peron, Mahoney suggests in The Idol of Our Age that “Pope Francis seems to be rather indulgent towards despotic regimes that speak in the name of the poor.” Critical of the fact that during his visit to Cuba, Pope Francis stayed silent about the persecution of mainly Catholic dissidents in Havana, Mahoney states,  “The poor need political liberty too, and the opportunities that come with private property and lawfully regulated markets.” It is all the more striking that Pope Francis never reiterates the Church’s defense of private property, a central concern of Catholic social teaching going back to Pope Leo XII’s encyclical Rerum Novarum. Mahoney writes that Pope Francis “almost always identifies markets with greed, inequality, economic imperialism and environmental degradation. Moreover, he is silent about the horrendous environmental devastation that accompanied and characterized totalitarian socialist systems in the twentieth century.” 2

Most recently, Pope Francis lauded the “positive” relationships he has with the leaders of Communist China. In an interview with a journalist in May, 2019, Pope Francis said that “My dream is China… Relations with China are good, very good.” Refusing to acknowledge concerns about the marginalized and imprisoned Catholics—including priests and bishops—in the underground church in China, Pope Francis claimed that the Sino-Vatican agreement he signed in September, 2018, with representatives of the Communist government in China “united” Catholics in the Communist country. In the agreement, Pope Francis regularized the status of seven of China’s bishops who had been ordained by the Communist government, marking the first time since the 1950s that all the Catholic bishops in China were in “full communion” with the pope.

Unfortunately, the agreement has not ended the arrest and imprisonment of priests and bishops, and the continued persecution of Catholics. Yet, Pope Francis continues to claim that China is united now, telling a journalist that: “The other day two Chinese bishops came to me, one who came from the underground church and the other from the patriotic church, already recognized as brothers… They know that they must be good patriots and that they must take care of the Catholic flock.” During the previous month, Chinese government officials detained Fr. Peter Zhang Guanjun, an underground priest, after Palm Sunday Mass. Fr. Guanjun was the third priest to be detained by the Communist government during April, 2019. On June 8, 2019, Msgr. Stefano Li Side, the underground bishop of Tianjin died in captivity. The bishop had refused to be a part of the Communist-sanctioned Church and had been exiled to a mountain village under house arrest, along with a coadjutor underground bishop, Msgr. Melchiorre Shi Hongzhen, 92, who remains under house arrest by the Communist government.

While it is clear that his intentions are for unification, Pope Francis has had little to say about the persecution of priests and bishops in China and the brutal history of the formation of the government-created Patriotic Catholic Association to control the Catholic Church under Communist dictator Mao Zedong back in the 1950s. Following the formation of the Patriotic Association Church, Bishop Li was arrested in 1958 and sentenced to forced labor camps. Although he was released in 1962, he was again arrested and imprisoned in 1963 until 1980—again assigned to forced labor camps.

Pope Francis has been reluctant to criticize Communist dictators. After decades in the shadows of the Catholic Church, liberation theology has gained strength under the current leadership. George Neumayr’s book, The Political Pope points out that in one of his first major interviews, Pope Francis said that liberation theologians have a “high concept of humanity.” A few months after he became pope on March 13, 2013, Pope Francis welcomed the founding father of liberation theology, the Peruvian priest Gustavo Gutierrez to the Vatican as an honored guest. Guttierez had been a marginalized figure under Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI after making a Marxist appeal for “effective participation in the struggle which the exploited classes have undertaken against their oppressors.”3 In 2015, Pope Francis elevated Leonardo Boff, a liberation theologian from Brazil, who had been silenced by Pope John Paul II’s Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, by inviting Boff to serve as an advisor for Laudato Si, his 2015 papal encyclical on climate change. Pope Francis also reinstated the priestly faculties of Miguel d’Escoto Brockman, who had been suspended because of his participation in Nicaragua’s Marxist revolutionary government. d’Escoto now lobbies for the Libyans, remains a member of the Sandinista National Liberation Front, and continues to serve as an adviser to Daniel Ortega, the left-wing Nicaraguan guerrilla leader, member of the Sandinista junta that took power in 1979, and three-term president of Nicaragua.

Pope Francis’s embrace of elements of liberation theology is in contrast to his papal predecessors. Both Popes St. John Paul II and Benedict XVI warned of the dangers of a Church that was “born of the people.” In fact, Pope St. John Paul II gave a stern rebuke to leading liberation theologians in 1983, publishing a letter to the Nicaraguan bishops denouncing the “people’s church.” In a speech that was reported on the pages of the New York Times on March 5, 1983, the pontiff predicted that “The Church born of the people is a new invention that is both absurd and of perilous character…only with difficulty, could it avoid being infiltrated by strangely ideological connotations. In 1984, then-Cardinal Ratzinger offered An Instruction on Certain Aspects of the Theology of Liberation in which he warned about the dangers of the “diverse theological positions,” and “badly defined doctrinal frontiers” of this movement.

Mahoney, in his recent interview with CWR, insisted that Pope Francis, in contrast to his two predecessors, “learned nothing, or next to nothing, from humanity’s experience with ideological tyranny in the twentieth century.” Mahoney further stated:

He seems to have admired Fidel Castro, was slow to face the truth about the Maduro regime in Venezuela, and never emphasizes or repeats the Church’s condemnation of socialism and totalitarian collectivism. He seems to have confidence that the atheistic Communist Party of China can more or less run the Catholic Church in that still authoritarian country.

His lack of realism in that regard is stunning. He recently told a French interviewer that “one always wins with peace” and that “no war is just.” This is rank utopianism, devoid of any sense that charity demands the protection of the innocent against unjust aggression. It simply ignores the long-standing teaching of the Church on matters of war and peace. Do Bergoglio’s whims trump the wisdom of St. Paul, St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas? Or do Christians believe in historicism after all, with truth evolving in each age? Francis’s view of decent, liberal societies with free markets and a social safety network, are remarkably summary, worthy of an Argentinian Peronist.

Humanitarians confuse equitable social arrangements with socialism. It is possible that Pope Francis believes that Christianity can purify the Marxist elements of socialist thought. Sadly, he is wrong, for the “religion of humanity”—which so often presents itself under a veneer of sentimental appeal—is ideological opposed, at the core, to the authentic anthropology and traditional philosophical principles of the Catholic Church.

1 Daniel J. Mahoney. The Idol of Our Age: How the Religion of Humanity Subverts Christianity. New York: Encounter Books. 2019. p 99.

2 Mahoney. The Idol of Our Age, 98.

3 George Neumayr. The Political Pope. New York: Center Street. 2018. p 4.

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About Anne Hendershott 92 Articles
Anne Hendershott is professor of sociology and director of the Veritas Center for Ethics in Public Life at Franciscan University of Steubenville. She is the co-author of Renewal: How a New Generation of Priests and Bishops are Revitalizing the Church (Encounter Books).

      • Thanks for pointing that out publicly. Not sure why the individual in question feels the need to insert these meaningless one-liners in the comments section of various stories on the site.

        • Dr.Cajetan Coelho comments at NCRegister from time to time. He ‘never’ takes a side. Must believe all is well in the Catholic Church today, unlike many old and present Church scholars, authorities, and Prelates have pointed such ‘confusion’ for about 6 years.

          Hell, even Jesus Christ took a side…………..HIS side.

    • Depends on the variety of humanity, the perfection of humanity as in the God-Man Jesus Christ or the fallen, sin disposed humanity we were all born into and which the Catholic Church exists to heal by means of the Sacraments and in particular the Eucharistic Sacrifice.

  1. Theodore McCarrick and Pope Francis are friends (as we know very well from McCarrick’s speech at Villanova in October 2013).

    McCarrick is a sociopath, habitual liar and an enemy of Jesus – you have to be if you are a life-long sexual abuser of children and seminarians, while pretending you are a faithful priest and apostle.

    Pope Francis is the friend and hand-picked Papal candidate of world champion sex abusers and coverup artists, like McCarrick and his pal the sex abuse coverup artist Danneels (who covered up for “the Belgian McCarrick” Bishop Roger Vangelhuwe…who raped his little nephew).

    Jesus commands us to pray for our enemies, and those who persecute the Church.

    I am continuing to obey Jesus, and pray for Francis and McCarrick and the other men like them.

  2. The Pope has not “slid into socialism”. The signs were there all along even before he was elected. Some astute people saw it and it was commented on during the election process when he was named as one of the possible candidates. And the cardinals went ahead and elected him anyway.

  3. It seems to me that the root of the problem, for whatever the reasons, that many in the hierarchy do not believe in Original Sin or take seriously its consequences on all human beings. Church doctrines in matters of faith and morals are inconveniences and can be largely ignored when they stand in the way of human happiness and well being promised by the religion of humanism in all its forms. Totalitarianism and the politics of extermination is in the works again. If anyone things, including the popes, think that the gods of this world will be appeased by anything we do, they are sadly mistaken. They hate the Mystical Body of Christ and will not rest until they see it destroyed. They well fail, but the damage to poor souls is very great. One cannot “shake hands with the devil,” and come away unscathed. Those who cause Catholics to fall, whatever their office in the Church, are in serious trouble with respect to their own salvation. Another inconvenient truth clearly taught in Holy Scripture. Sad.

    • “In many respects democratic socialism is like Catholic social doctrine and in any case has contributed greatly to the development of a social consciousness.”—Benedict XVI

        • Highly dubious?

          So we have a pseudo-Benedict with which to deal?

          Ideological blinders make one resort to strange methods of coping.

          • Let me help you, Mr. D. The statements were of dubious quality; there is no doubt that they came from Benedict. He was vastly superior to his successor, but hardly perfect.

  4. Ignatian “indifference” has become a sham. A devaluation of “philosophy” and “methods” which lead to disincarnate Idealism? but apparently no fear, no worries about “systems” as long as there’s a sense of “mission.”

    Bergoglio, Castro…”a man for others.”

    The “religion of humanity” has the State as god and “humanity” ultimately as public enemy number one.

  5. John Paul II considered a theology of Man. The first principle of a definitive Anthropology is revealed in Christ, who through his human nature defines humanness. What Man is by Nature and Eternal Law. Anne Hendershott isolates the Pontiff’s error of presumably sanitizing Marxist ideology with Christianity. World Over discussed the Vatican’s Amazonian new paradigm intending to acculturate Catholicism, distinguished by belief in the Real Presence within Christianity to native Amazonian earth focused beliefs, what traditionally is called Animism. To learn from the ‘Noble Savage’ as Msgr Gerald Murray, Robert Royal chided Msgr Murray noting positive regard of shammane in the papal document. Shaman [shammane] is English for a tribal witch doctor and master of magical arts, hexes as well as cures. This is not merely radical. It is deadly. Ecological ideology is consistent with a paradigmatic worship of Nature the ancient veneration of the goddess Gaia (see Jesus Christ the Bearer of the Water of Life. Reflection on New Age Vat City Pontifical Council for Culture 2.3.03). Priests are to be selected and ordained from married elders, viri probbati including shamans. Satan cast down to earth has since the Garden and Original Sin drawn Man to the world. My experience with Native Am Navajo, Apache, Pueblo is the instance of reinventing Catholicism brought by Spain’s missionaries after Spanish military defeat following the Great Pueblo Uprising 1580. The shamans replaced the Holy Eucharist with the hallucinogenic cactus peote or other substances. Onantes reconquered the Southwest for Spain and Franciscan missionaries reintroduced the true faith at a cost of martyrdom but ultimately successful, although enclaves of corrupted Christianity remains. The prospect of success for the Amazonian new paradigm Vatican program is nil without the presence of sufficient, trained missionary priests. The outcome seems more conducive to diminishing priest celibacy and the inevitable diminution of faith in the Real Presence, in Jesus’ flesh and blood which as Pope Paul VI correctly said is the divinity’s “Most excellent presence” as compared to his true presence in other forms. If the German modal is the prototype of Synodality the Amazonian modal is the prototype of an Anthropocentric Christianity.

  6. His religion and that of his predecessor, Benedict XVI, is primarily Teilhardian evolution, a modern form of Gnosticism:

    This Teilhardian evolutionary agenda entails that we cease viewing the “final end” of creation and this world as exclusively “us”, and our attainment to union with God (only possible in Catholic doctrine for individual souls created in the image of God), but rather as an evolutionary goal in which all other created things are also destined to “take part in the definitive Kingdom” and thus attain union with God: “Their final purpose is transcendent; it is God”. This necessarily entails embrace of what is called Cosmic Evolution and the belief that, not only all living things, but all matter, is in evolutionary progression towards “Spirit” and what Teilhard de Chardin conceptualizes as the “Omega Point” and the “Christic” fulfillment of all creation.

    Such a view of creation also therefore demands an integral ecology in the spiritual realm –an inclusiveness in the realms of faith and morals. It will therefore be the death of all fixed and absolute dogma and, if successful, will entail the extinction of all traditional Catholicism. All the efforts towards such things as allowing Holy Communion for the civilly divorced and re-married and those practicing contraception, inclusiveness towards those in homosexual relationships, institutionalizing the female deaconate and a married priesthood etc. should be seen in the light of this Teilhardian agenda of inclusiveness straining towards an integral ecology.

    Teilhardian theology is a culmination of the heresy of Gnosticism, which has plagued the Church for two millennia.

    • Elaine –

      I agree 100% that Teilhard’s idea of the mankind “evolving” to the “Omega Point” is a catastrophic detour away from Catholic (and other orthodox Christian) theology and anthropology. It is what one person called “cargo cult” ideology.

      My best sense about Joseph Ratzinger / Benedict is that he rejected the Omega Point idea. Now I am not familiar with much of any early writing of Ratzinger, if it included favorable commentary on “The Omega Point” of Teilhard.

      However, I do have books from his middle and late years, including when he was a Cardinal, and in at least one, it was clear that he explicitly rejected the “Omega Point” ideology, because it was expressed as an end “beyond Jesus himself.” Ratzinger argued that it is Jesus himself who is the Omega, and Ratzinger was pointing out the gigantic error of any Christian tinkering with Teilhard’s ideas and thinking they can “move beyond Jesus” (that phrase being a quote from Ms. Laurie Brink, in a keynote address to the LCWR.

      • Chris: “The role of the priesthood is to consecrate the world so that it may become a living host, a liturgy: so that the liturgy may not be something alongside the reality of the world, but that the world itself shall become a living host, a liturgy. This is also the great vision of Teilhard de Chardin: in the end we shall achieve a true cosmic liturgy, where the cosmos becomes a living host.” (Benedict XVI, Homily, Celebration of Vespers with the Faithful of Aosta, July 24, 2009)

        Read “war against being” by James Larson. It is available online. He provides a lot of information about Chardin and how Benedict XVI’s theology and philosophy was formed by hime.

    • Evil knows no restrictions insofar as utilization. Elaine resemblance to Teilhard de Chardin has been noted. As has resemblance to New Age similar to Fr Matthew Fox OP’s all inclusive Cosmic Christ [see Aidan Nichols OP’s critique The New Age Movement]; Gnosticism seen in Princeton Prof Elaine Pagels’ literature example Beyond Belief; Skinner’s Situation Ethics evident in Amoris Laetitia; Cardinal Kasper’s amorphous changeable god found in Spinoza. We are confronted with what transcends human ideology. New ideas even witness to the truth of itself will not recover what is being lost. Only faith in Christ, Apostolic Tradition inclusive of witness to that truth, prayer, willingness to suffer, and above all charity can defeat this Evil. Evil likened to what The Apostle called The Spirit of the Air, and Prince of the Power of the Air (Ephesians 2:2).

  7. My friends from Latin America and South America who have personally experienced Pope Frankenstein’s heretical and bogus “religion of humanity” in their own countries and have had their property expropriated and their families exiled put it much more simply: “Bergoglio is a Communist”. We need to accept that we are dealing with an evil and corrupt man who is pope.

    • If the translations are accurate, it’s an appalling pablum that does not even have enough coherence to critique.

    • Peter: When you consider the fact that since Vatican II, the institution in Rome abandoned the command of Christ to convert the whole world to Him and instead adopted the agenda of the atheistic and corrupt United Nations-to destroy all religion necessary to establish a one world totalitarian government-hasn’t it been the practice of “dialogue” with all of the enemies of Christ, giving them a value higher than Christ Himself, with no intent of condemning those false religions and converting them to the true faith?

  8. Now war arose in heaven, Michael and his angels fighting against the dragon; and the dragon and his angels fought, but they were defeated and there was no longer any place for them in heaven. And the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world — he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. … Then the dragon was angry with the woman [Mary/the Church], and went off to make war on the rest of her offspring, on those who keep the commandments of God and bear testimony to Jesus.
    — Rev 12:7-9,17

    He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
    — Sun Tsu, The Art of War

    The war that arose in heaven didn’t end; it was moved down to Earth. If we are losing it is because our army is no longer animated by the same Spirit. And because so many on our side are oblivious to even the fact that we are at war; and because, as Sun Tsu insisted was necessary in war, the enemy is infiltrating our side with secret agents.

  9. Glad to have come across this too – – it is about the misunderstandings towards the Holy Father . A man of God who puts his hope in the Holy Spirit , not in human optimism , who is well supported by prayers of St.John Paul 11 , who saw the fall of communism , after the Consecration , thus is even possibly obliged by The Spirit , to take risks with even persons who have been prodigals – .China , with its reverence for ancestors , now having come under the God ordained tie with The Church , let us hope that the prayers of all in the Church there now would be lot more effective , esp. for their many departed , thus undoing possible generational spirits , to bring forth the true faith in more hearts , to trust that The Church is there only to help them in their real needs .The Novena of Divine Mercy have the prayers given by The Lord , ‘ bring them to Me ‘, persosn of all categories – seems the Holy Father too is only exhorting same , to help persons to recognize the God given dignity – ‘we are precious , because we are loved ‘ , that to include the creation itself .Let us hope that the simplicity of that message is what would get through , through the prayers of St.Francis too , that the devotion of the Holy Father , to St.Joseph, Bl.Mother , St.Michael are what the rest of The Church would emulate , to take on the spirits of evil that the Holy Father too warns us against .

    • How wrong can you be?

      If all that Pope Francis wants is unity in China, then he would not have approved the false bishops. The Pope is a disciple of Marx. The only unity that will effect is under the hammer and sickle as we have already seen. We have a Marxis “Pope” who I believe is truly an anti-Pope. How else to account for the errors that he spouts and the divisions he creates.

  10. I just read your comments partially! What people don’t seam to realize, there is coming a day of reckoning! Thy kingdom come! On earth that’s the new Jerusalem! Some, plutocrats, tell you just keep paying your bills! It’s not gonna get better but worse! Remember the eye of the needle? Follow your heart!

  11. This is an excellent summary of one the many disturbing aspects of Pope Francis – the soft spot he seems to have for socialist regimes, and not just those of the democratic variety.

  12. How wrong can you be?

    If all that Pope Francis wants is unity in China, then he would not have approved the false bishops. The Pope is a disciple of Marx. The only unity that will effect is under the hammer and sickle as we have already seen. We have a Marxis “Pope” who I believe is truly an anti-Pope. How else to account for the errors that he spouts and the divisions he creates.

  13. Let’s not blame everything on Teilhard de Chardin, though. The benefits (philosophy of soul/body, activity) of a preferred Aristotelian presence in Aquinas…allowed various “readings” over time inherently more secular…positing an increasingly more autonomous Kantian “will” increasingly downplaying the effects of original sin in the problematic St. Augustine…and yes less and less Augustinian. (see John Rist, please). The “secular” has included the “cosmic” and in an almost Jungian sense (which intrigues Bishop Barron?) a “better” valued occurring-already “diversity” of world cultures, “spiritual practices,” arts and myths etc. vs a disparaged Lady Philosophy and “philosophizing” (starting with Plato), history of ideas, with the mantra that we are moving beyond the old that “no longer works” (von Balthazar).

    Sadly, wrong readings of “Christocentric” theology/spirituality have also led us to this place…along of course with parallel more “merciful” updated denials of the effects of original sin…”pride” as not the bad thing we once though it was… a non-reliance on God and Grace except as “already there” let’s call it “personhood” or even one’s “human dignity”…an impulse towards blurred sensibilities of redemption, salvation and “divinization”…and let’s save ecumenism for…the next installment/ acquisition of “unity.”

    We pause here to wave to Karl Rahner here in the parking lot of Anthropocentric Christianity…and you can wave in almost any direction, towards almost everywhere in the Church because he is…almost everywhere…in smart forms and really dumbed down forms…in Bergoglio’s praise for “novelties” and varieties…and yes…not even in the Church…among it seems “the anonymous Christians” Bergoglio finds “better” who get better reviews from him and better publicity from the press “that knows their job, knows what to do.”

    Thomas Write, OP points to the need for a return, discovery of Trinitarian theology…with the Trinity as the “future” so to speak (if I may paraphrase) and I agree. This doesn’t coexist well with the “Coexist” bumper stickers on Bergoglio’s Fiat and luggage…or with the now signing on the dotted line very agreeable people in Islam…or even to some extent with our parishioners in the Amazonas…unless their theology “as is” becomes AOK…something else to “accompany” or “close enough…since we are ourselves are heretics (the sound of shared, raucous laughter).” There’s nothing funnier for Bergoglio than being accused of heresy…not just in passing… but in 20 pages in writing…a welcomed distraction.

    Let’s go back to the Trinity…or dare I say seemingly, begin for the first time.

    BTW the “religion of humanity” is propped up by sex and money…in our own hierarchy, by criminality…the “brainy” variety.

  14. The assertion by Elaine that Benedict’s religion is “primarily Teilhardian evolution” is going too far.
    Benedict discusses the relevance of some of Teilhard’s ideas in his “Introduction to Christianity” first published in 1968 when Teilhard’s writings had become well known. Benedict comments that Teilhard’s thought grasps the essentials of Pauline Christology but from a broader, more modern point of view. But this important book by Benedict is not otherwise influenced by Teilhard’s thoughts. In “The Spirit of the Liturgy” written in 2000, Benedict makes a passing reference to the same topic, indicating that Teilhard’s approach is one way of looking at it, but again there are no other references to Teilhard in that work. In his “Verbum Domini” written in 2010, where he deals with the cosmic dimension of the word, there is no mention of Teilhard – you might have expected it at that point if, as alleged, his religion is primarily Teilhardian. Nor is there any such reference in the copious notes to this work. Teilhardism is only of occasional passing interest to Benedict and it plays no important role in his theology or spirituality.

    • Read some criticisms of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI’s writings to get a sense of the man. He isn’t the orthodox Catholic that so many believe him to be.

      Cardinal Ratzinger’s negation of the Syllabus of Pius IX, the Syllabus and encyclical Pascendi of Pius X, and the decisions of the Pontifical Biblical Commission during the reign of Pius X should be of concern.

      Cardinal Ratzinger’s absolutely outrageous statement that “perhaps for the first time” the Church is now stating (in the CDF document The Nature and Mission of Theology) “that there are magisterial decisions which cannot be the final word on a given matter as such but, despite the permanent value of their principles, are chiefly also a signal for pastoral prudence, a sort of provisional policy.” One can well imagine the response of a Pius X, Leo XIII, Pius IX or the many Popes before them to the assertion that their condemnations of Liberalism and Modernism were provisional. In fact, Pope St. Pius X, in his Motu Proprio Praestantia Scripturae, pronounced an ipso facto excommunication upon any one who would presume to contradict or “endeavor to destroy the force and the efficacy” of his Syllabus or of his encyclical Pascendi.

      Cardinal Ratzinger was the first man in his position (as head of the CDF) in centuries who did not take Thomas Aquinas as his philosophical and theological master. Just as preposterous, however, is the notion that the philosophy of St. Thomas is something which is a matter of personal option. Pius X states in Pascendi that “To deviate from Aquinas, in metaphysics especially, is to run grave risk”, and Pius XI flatly declares that “Thomas should be called not only the Angelic, but also the Common or Universal Doctor of the Church; for the Church has adopted his philosophy for her own, as innumerable documents of every kind attest.” (encyclical Studiorum Ducem,#11).

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Dr Sriya Iyer (2000, Fellow)

The College is a great institution - it encourages great scholarship and teaching, of course, but I have always thought that its greatest asset was what economists call 'social capital'. The College has very strong networks both within and outside the College right across the world. This strikes me as a key strength of St Catharine's and one which I hope the College will develop more in the future.

What is your favourite memory of St Catharine's?

The beautiful ceremony in chapel in October 2000 when I was inducted as a Fellow, with a new Master and 4 other women academics, which was considered a record for the College at the time.

Who was your greatest positive influence at St Catharine's?

The distinguished historian Professor Sir Chris Bayly, who encouraged me to keep working on India, and who appreciated the challenges of doing both historical and contemporary fieldwork-based development research on religion in the subcontinent. A lot of the research I am doing now is contemporary development economics using the scientific methods of economics, but with a deep regard for Indian economic and social history, which is something Chris and my other historian colleagues in St Catharine's taught me to appreciate.

Next page: Olivia Pinkney (1988, alumna)

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St Catharine's College, Cambridge Search

College calendar

View the St Catharine's College calendar

If you are signed in with your St Catharine's Raven account, you can download a copy of the College Calendar as a CSV file or download an .ics file for import to Google Calendar or Apple's Calendar application.

If you are a St Catharine's member, please sign in via Raven to view all events

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Contact details

Porters' Lodge
01223 338300


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Round 2 Continues

Good day to all of Catie’s prayer warriors,

The miracle continues! Every day that Catie is still with us is a gift and a testament to God’s providence in our lives. He has a plan to keep her here with us so that we can keep learning from her and through her. Round 2 has progressed better than Round 1, and we are again grateful for all of your prayers because we KNOW that they are the difference. Prayer is always the difference between horrible and acceptable, between acceptable and good, and between good and outstanding. Prayer is the difference even between 2 things that appear similar because prayer can change how we accept those things, and that makes a huge difference.

Catie has received all of her Chemotherapy for Round 2 and is currently resting in preparation for her stem-cell infusion tomorrow, (Wednesday). She is a bit tired and has to this point eaten only mashed potatoes since Friday, however some of her lethargy and desire to sleep is a result of some lingering anxiety that she has about receiving the stem-cells. In round 1, she received bone marrow and it made her pretty sick, this time she will be receiving stem-cell infusion of the donation she made 2 weeks ago during her pheresis. Since it is an “unknown”, there is some anxiety to it. It is our prayer that by tomorrow night when we return to Target House she will be calm, happy, and ready to eat her 1400 calories.

Thursday, we will be taping Catie saying, “On your mark, Get set, Go!” for all of the runners/walkers in the “Catie Run” this coming Saturday at the Mechanicsburg High School. Please keep her in your prayers that the “real Catie” comes across on the screen and the joy that she has in her heart bursts through on her face and that the Catie 1000 kilowatt smile is operating at full power. After that, we will enjoy the two days together before I return to Mechanicsburg for the race. Between the 15th and the 24th, Catie and Christine will buckle down and try to keep Catie infection and fever free and gaining weight. On the 25th, the O’Briens and many of the Closkeys will all be together in Memphis for Thanksgiving, and will celebrate all that we have to be thankful for, Catie’s continued recovery, Christine’s terrific job in keeping her safe and healthy, the health and well-being of the other kids, Megan’s choice to step up and take on her numerous responsibilities, and all of you who have made so much of what we are facing tolerable. We also should be getting the results of the next MRI and lumbar puncture on the 25th and are confident that we will have good results to be thankful for as well.

We will continue to keep you all posted as we journey with Catie. Thank you for joining us and for keeping us in your prayers. We in turn will keep all of you in our prayers and look forward to hearing from you. Please continue to sign Catie’s guestbook and light those candles.

Love and God bless,

Christine, Kevin, Maggie, Max, Catie, Mia, Molly, and M.E.

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That’s Entertainment

Friday, January 10 The Delaware County Chamber of Commerce first Friday breakfast will be held the second Friday in January and will feature information about affordable health insurance programs. Starts at 8:30 a.m. at the MTC Community Room, 61 Academy St., Margaretville. The SALA Healthcare Program offers two preventative care plans with a medical cost sharing program covering unexpected or […]

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Watch CBSN Live

2 men detained for allegedly burning 2 transgender women to death in Puerto Rico

Transgender woman harassed before killing
Transgender woman harassed before killing 05:22

Two men have been detained for allegedly burning two transgender women to death in Puerto Rico, police said Wednesday. The double killings are being investigated as a hate crime and the FBI has taken over the case after pleas from activist groups.

The bodies of Serena Angelique Velázquez Ramos, 32, and Layla Pelaez Sánchez, 21, were found burned inside a charred vehicle in Humacao, a coastal city in eastern Puerto Rico, last week. Juan Carlos Pagán Bonilla, 21, and Sean Díaz De León, 19, were taken into custody in connection with their deaths, police said.

Captain Teddy Morales, who oversees criminal investigations in the district, said one of the men confessed to his participation in the "vile" crime and admitted it was done for "reasons of revenge" by "repudiating the sexual orientation of the victims."

After a review of the evidence, the FBI assumed jurisdiction over the case, police said.

Activists have raised alarm over the recent spike in murders against the trans community, calling it "an epidemic of anti-LGBTQ violence." According to the Broad Committee for the Search and Equity (CABE), a Puerto Rico-based LGBTQ group, there have been 10 murders of trans people in the last 15 months on the island. Five of them in the last two months, including the shooting death of a transgender woman known as Alexa. Video on social media showed her being threatened before gunshots were heard.

"They are hunting us and they are killing us," Ivana Fred, a CABE ally, said in a statement. "There is no other way to put it. In the past two months, five trans people have been killed in a resurgence of violence that we have not seen in our country for over a decade. We demand immediate and urgent action by the government to stop this wave of violence against our trans and LGBTQ people."

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Will hydroxychloroquine help fight COVID-19? This trial is trying to find out

Doctors study possible virus treatment touted by Trump
Doctors study possible virus treatment touted... 02:05

Hydroxychloroquine, which is usually used to treat malaria, has been championed by President Trump for the treatment of COVID-19. But doctors say it's too early to be sure, and small studies have had mixed results.

Dr. Wesley Self at Vanderbilt University Medical Center is leading a clinical trial to see if it really works. "Hydroxychloroquine may help prevent the virus from entering cells in the body and therefore prevent it from replicating more or growing within the body," Self explained.

Tisha Holt, 42, is one of the first people who enrolled. She's been in the Vanderbilt ICU for four days.

She told Self that she feels "weak," and that she has a lot of chest tightness and is "very sick."

"I want it to work," Self said. "I see that it has promise but I also understand most promising drugs that are at this stage of research do not ultimately work."

The drug may raise the risk of an irregular heartbeat, but it has generally been a safe medication. Doctors and patients like Holt don't know who is receiving the drug and who is getting a placebo — the gold standard in research.

"If I can do something to help then I want to do it," Holt said, "and makes me feel better to help someone else."

  • Jon Lapook
    Jonathan LaPook

    Dr. Jonathan LaPook is the chief medical correspondent for CBS News. Follow him on Twitter at @DrLaPook


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Watch CBSN Live

Senate passes bill to boost small business aid, hospitals and testing

President Trump has consistently claimed there is no shortage of medical supplies or coronavirus tests but that's been disputed by many governors. Paula Reid reports.
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2020 AP Student Art Exhibition

Welcome to the 2020 AP Student Art Virtual Exhibition! Click on each student's slideshow to expand the images.

Congratulations to all our artists for a wonderful show!

Alexa Esposito ’20

Joyce Gao ’20

About Brigida's Artwork

“My theme focuses on the development of women’s empowerment and modern-day feminism. It brings light to the suppression and subjectification of women. I explore the truths of the world that are often hidden from women(1, 2). I explore women of different backgrounds coming together to take a stand, as the background resembles a puzzle (3). I play with perception with a woman breaking out of jail, the patriarchal hold, in the context of the 50s (4). I display the misconceptions of a woman’s beauty and her intelligence relating to women in STEM (5), which leads to what is inside of this woman’s head as she is fed up with what the world has become (6). I wanted to depict the disparity in business as the weed industry, often criticized, is dominated by female CEO’s in comparison from male-dominated tech who lurk above (7). I emphasized the LBGT+ community in relation to modern-day feminism, as well as same-sex rights (8). This leads to a woman in a deserving relationship with someone who appreciates her for who she is (9). I explore the history of women who in turn pushed for the rights of those today, I relate this to women in Saudi Arabia finally allowed to get driver’s licenses (10).”

About Alexa's Artwork

“My concentration is called “Renaissance of the Roaring Twenties.” Throughout my works, you will see a connection between the popular culture, political, and economic aspects of 1920s America and how it compares or contrasts to the roaring 2020 decade we are currently entering. Class gaps widening exponentially, alcohol banned, farmers suffering from inflation, immigrants not welcomed, the Great Migration of the black community flooding in from the south, mass production for a better quality life for middle class families, cars and cross-country roads built everywhere, women experiencing small amounts of free expression through the suffragette and flapper movements,  the world recovering from the 1918 pandemic, and the upper-class partied like no tomorrow. This happened all while the once thought-to-be-infallible economy peaked and then crashed causing the worst depression in American history. A lot can happen in these coming years, but so far it seems to be much like the decade that came roaring in a century prior: untamed, chaotic, beautiful, and absolutely terrifying.”

About Joyce's Artwork

“In my sustained investigation, I delve into the isolation and confinement that one feels as a result of self-deprecation. These feelings are exacerbated when it is over-simplified as “teen-angst”, and all creative work about it is marked as a “failure” (1). There is also a lot of self-doubt as a result of excessive self-examination (2, 3). Mixed among these is a sense of fear for being trapped in a future where everyone is exactly the same (4). I personified this fear of isolation as Giacometti giants who roam around the city, searching for each other (4, 5). In 5, I offer a chance to escape with the small boat, but moving forward is extremely slow and trying, like being in a flooded traffic jam (6). One goes through the feeling of drowning hopelessly (7) and being stuck in too many angsty feelings (8). One begins to accept the strange arms and legs from these frustrations and sees “love” as both the motivation and the restraint of oneself (9). In the end, one allows the integration of limbs into the peaceful closing of the day, accepting the coexistence of turmoil and tranquility, togetherness and isolation, within oneself (10).”

Shannon Gao ’20

Graham Higgins ’20

Kayla Jendras ’20

About Shannon's Artwork

“My concentration is about growth. Using an original character, I depicted how young people go through the transition from unsettling adolescence to maturity. My concentration begins with a series of disconnections that my character experiences while struggling through her path towards growth: loss of direction (represented by the distant lighthouse), disconnection from reality (as if trapped in outer space), isolation from others around (3) and from her intimate relationships (4). Throughout this stage, she is trapped in loneliness and emptiness, unable to find anything that ties her to the solid ground. Walking down the spiral of her unsettled mind (5), she finds herself in a room—a disorganized room full of unpacked boxes, scattered items, and junk that reflected her chaotic mental state (6). In the room, she allows all her emotions to flood through her, causing a breakdown (7). However, as the character truly sees herself (including the negative), she eventually reconnects with herself (8). The reconnection has brought her hope and the power to change: she starts to envision a bright future (9) and works her way towards reaching her goals (10).”

About Graham's Artwork

“The idea behind the concentration is taking the viewer through a walk in the woods. I wanted my pieces to make people feel connected to nature by creating small scale representations of phenomena seen in nature. I wanted the viewer to feel like they were experiencing these without going outside. The pieces can be viewed in different ways and have different meanings, like how nature does in peoples’ lives.”

About Kayla's Artwork

“My sustained investigation was built on the idea of recovery mentally and physically. I started with an uninvited welcome into one's thoughts and experiences through life (1, 2). I began in a childhood filled with grief and unwanted thoughts (3, 4). Moving on from those times I depicted a sense of inner conflict (5). Through my pieces I had to find the middle ground that led me to a sense of rebirth, which was my re-entrance (6). In this life through art it's important to acknowledge the past while walking away from it and finding a sense of serenity (7, 8). Which led this life to the beginning of a new journey of acknowledgement and forgiveness (9, 10). It was important to me that it didn’t end in pure bliss. There are good days and bad, and my work demonstrates the polar sides of it by moving on and finding a greater, yet realistic, peace.”

Cadence trach ’20

About Cadence's Artwork

“My theme centers around the way people perceive themselves, accomplishments, failures and surroundings. The idea of success played a major role in the development of my theme because of how failure is perceived by oneself and society, the ability to see and feel through senses and how that perception can guide one through life. Towards the beginning of my pieces, I focused on the habits holding someone back from success. I wanted to portray the self-destruction that people are capable of and how it affects their daily lives. The first five pieces are judgmental; (4), people’s eyes being washed away by bright colors, and the one unique eye in the drawing that begs the viewer for its attention. Through trial and error, I decided to step from safe, anticipated pieces, to a more idiosyncratic concept. By the sixth piece, you start to feel the shift of mood. By stepping into the unknown, into this mess of color, you find yourself falling. Your perception of the world is more colorful, accepting and changing, your brain is altered in a more unique way of thinking and you are finally free to perceive the world in whatever way you want.”

Diqing Xu ’20

About Diqing's Artwork

“With science and technology further advancing in the future, robots with diverse functions are highly integrated into human daily life. TF1326 is one among various robots that perform basic tasks, and all its design is aimed to finish the simple work of dispatching eggs. By the story of TF1326 who develops emotion in a world in which human beings eliminate their emotions in order to live “better” without pain, this work explores the meaning of emotion and sentiment to people (whether it is a trait that makes us human or a weakness that humans cannot overcome) and reflects on the impact of rapid technology development (with artificial intelligence progressing, will technology obscure the definition of mankind?).

Summary of the story:
After WWIII, mankind has undergone great suffering in the brutal slaughter of each other. To prevent the invasion of misery, authorities order to suppress emotions, so humans are confined to live in small isolated rooms, and the meaning of their existence becomes mere “survival.” One day, TF1326, a robot responsible for delivering food for humans, comes across a small yellow flower whose vitality inspires TF1326 astonishingly. The flower, the only dynamic in the static world, cannot avoid the fate of decline. Experiencing the loss, TF1326 undergoes a change inside that distinguishes it from other species, for it develops emotional connections. With this realization, TF1326 carves a small flower mark on its body unhandily. As days pass by, the distinctiveness makes TF1326 feel lonely until one day it encounters another robot with a mysterious mark…”


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Home » Cisco » Archive by category 840-425 Dumps

[March 2018] New Released Exam 840-425 PDF Free From the Lead2pass 191q

Lead2pass New Released Cisco 840-425 Exam Questions From Cisco Exam Center: https://www.lead2pass.com/840-425.html QUESTION 11 Which statement about PEST analysis is true? A.    Political aspects can be identified easily through surveys. B.    Economic and social implications are relevant only with the public sector. C.    A PEST analysis allows you...
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2017 June Cisco Official New Released 840-425 Dumps in Lead2pass.com! 100% Free Download! 100% Pass Guaranteed! There are many companies that provide 840-425 braindumps but those are not accurate and latest ones. Preparation with Lead2pass 840-425 new questions is a best way to pass this certification exam in...
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Home » CompTIA » Archive by category CAS-002 Dumps

[May 2018] New Released Exam CAS-002 PDF Free From the Lead2pass 900q

Lead2pass New Released CompTIA CAS-002 Exam Questions From CompTIA Exam Center: https://www.lead2pass.com/cas-002.html QUESTION 31 The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of a corporation decided to move all email to a cloud computing environment. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) was told to research the risk involved in this environment....
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[January 2018] Free Downloading CAS-002 Exam Dumps PDF From Lead2pass 900q

Free Lead2pass CAS-002 PDF Download 100% Pass Exam CAS-002: https://www.lead2pass.com/cas-002.html QUESTION 1 A telecommunication company has recently upgraded their teleconference systems to multicast. Additionally, the security team has instituted a new policy which requires VPN to access the company’s video conference. All parties must be issued a VPN...
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 Covered Conditions - WTC Health Program

Covered Conditions

Information on the WTC Health Program covered conditions is available for download in the following languages:

The WTC Health Program provides treatment for a specific list of physical and mental health conditions that have been determined to be caused by exposure to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. We also cover medically associated health conditions, which are caused by the progression or treatment of a covered condition.

Below is the list of covered conditions in the WTC Health Program. The list may change as we continue to learn about 9/11 exposure and its effects on health.

Acute Traumatic Injury

  • Burn
  • Complex sprain
  • Eye injury
  • Fracture
  • Head trauma
  • Other similar acute traumatic injuries
  • Tendon tear

Aerodigestive Disorders

  • Asthma
  • Chronic cough syndrome
  • Chronic laryngitis
  • Chronic nasopharyngitis
  • Chronic respiratory disorder due to fumes/vapors
  • Chronic rhinosinusitis
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
  • Interstitial lung diseases
  • Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS)
  • Sleep apnea exacerbated by or related to another condition in the list of aerodigestive disorders
  • Upper airway hyperreactivity
  • WTC-exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • New onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Below are the cancers covered by the WTC Health Program and included on the List of WTC-Related Health Conditions. The covered cancers are organized into the following categories:

Note: The information on this page reflects the language found in the Federal laws and regulations that govern the WTC Health Program. It has been formatted for viewing on the Web and organized alphabetically for ease of use. If you are interested in seeing the laws and regulations in their original format, this and other information on the WTC Health Program can be found on our Laws, Regulations, and Federal Register pages.

Childhood Cancers

Any type of cancer diagnosed in a person less than 20 years of age.

Malignant Neoplasms

Blood and Lymphoid Tissue (including, but not limited to, lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma)

Diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Burkitt's tumor
Diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified
lmmunoblastic (diffuse)
Large cell (diffuse)
Lymphoblastic (diffuse)
Mixed small and large cell (diffuse)
Other types of diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Small cell (diffuse)
Small cleaved cell (diffuse)
Undifferentiated (diffuse)
Follicular (nodular) non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Follicular non-Hodgkin
lymphoma, unspecified
Large cell, follicular
Mixed small cleaved and large cell, follicular
Other types of follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Small cleaved cell, follicular
Hodgkin's disease
Hodgkin's disease, unspecified
Lymphocytic depletion
Lymphocytic predominance
Mixed cellularity
Nodular sclerosis
Other Hodgkin's disease
Leukemia of unspecified cell type
Acute leukemia of unspecified cell type
Chronic leukemia of unspecified cell type
Leukemia, unspecified
Other leukemia of unspecified cell type
Subacute leukemia of unspecified cell type
Lymphoid leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Adult T-cell leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Hairy-cell leukemia
Lymphoid leukemia, unspecified
Other lymphoid leukemia
Prolymphocytic leukemia
Subacute lymphocytic leukemia
Malignant immunoproliferative diseases
Alpha heavy chain disease
Gamma heavy chain disease
lmmunoproliferative small intestinal disease
Malignant immunoproliferative disease, unspecified
Other malignant immunoproliferative diseases
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Monocytic leukemia
Acute monocytic leukemia
Chronic monocytic leukemia
Monocytic leukemia, unspecified
Other monocytic leukemia
Subacute monocytic leukemia
Multiple myeloma and malignant plasma cell neoplasms
Multiple myeloma
Plasma cell leukemia
Plasmacytoma, extramedullary
Myeloid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Myeloid leukemia, other
Myeloid leukemia, unspecified
Myeloid sarcoma
Subacute myeloid leukemia
Other and unspecified lymphoid, hematopoietic, and related tissue
Lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue, other specified
Lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue, unspecified
Malignant histiocytosis
Malignant mast cell tumor
Multifocal and multisystemic (disseminated) Langerhans-cell histiocytosis
True histiocytic lymphoma
Other and unspecified types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma, unspecified
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, other unspecified
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified type
Other leukemias of specified cell type
Acute erythremia and erythroleukemia
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Acute myelofibrosis
Acute panmyelosis
Chronic erythremia
Leukemias, others specified
Mast cell leukemia
Peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Lymphoepithelioid lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas
Sezary's disease
T-cell lymphomas, other and unspecified
T-zone lymphoma

Digestive System

Ascending colon
Colon, unspecified
Descending colon
Hepatic flexure
Overlapping lesion of colon
Sigmoid colon
Splenic flexure
Transverse colon
Abdominal part Cervical part
Esophagus, unspecified
Lower third
Middle third
Overlapping lesion
Thoracic part
Upper third
Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts
Angiosarcoma of liver
Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
Liver, unspecified
Liver cell carcinoma
Other sarcomas of liver
Other specified carcinomas of liver
Other and ill-defined digestive organs
Ill-defined sites within the digestive system
Intestinal tract, part unspecified
Overlapping lesion of digestive system
Rectosignoid junction
Retroperitoneum and peritoneum
Overlapping lesion
Peritoneum, unspecified
Specified parts of peritoneum
Body Cardia
Greater curvature, unspecified
Lesser curvature, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Pyloric antrum
Stomach, unspecified

Eye and Orbit

Eye and Adnexa
Ciliary body
Eye, unspecified
Lacrimal gland and duct
Overlapping lesion

Female Breast

Auxiliary tail Breast, unspecified
Central portion
Lower-inner quadrant
Lower-outer quadrant
Nipple and areola
Overlapping lesion
Upper-inner quadrant
Upper-outer quadrant

Female Reproductive Organs

Head and Neck

Accessory sinuses
Accessory, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Base of tongue
Floor of mouth
Anterior Floor, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Gum, unspecified
Aryepiglottic fold, hypopharyngeal aspect
Hypopharynx, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Postcricoid region
Posterior wall
Laryngeal cartilage
Larynx, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
External lip, unspecified
External lower lip
External upper lip
Lip, unspecified
Lip, unspecified, inner aspect
Lower lip, inner aspect
Overlapping lesion
Upper lip, inner aspect
Nasal cavity
Anterior wall
Lateral wall
Nasopharynx, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Posterior wall
Superior wall
Other and ill-defined conditions in the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx
Overlapping lesion of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx
Pharynx, unspecified
Waldeyer's ring
Other and unspecified major salivary glands
Major salivary gland, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
Other and unspecified part of the mouth
Cheek mucosa
Mouth, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Retromolar area
Other and unspecified parts of the tongue
Anterior two-thirds, part unspecified
Dorsal surface
Lingual tonsil
Overlapping lesion
Tongue, unspecified
Ventral surface
Anterior surface of epiglottis
Branchial cleft
Lateral wall
Oropharynx, unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Posterior wall
Hard palate Overlapping lesion
Palate, unspecified
Soft palate
Parotid gland
Piriform sinus
Overlapping lesion
Tonsil, unspecified
Tonsillar fossa
Tonsillar pillar (anterior/posterior)

Respiratory System

Bronchus and lung
Bronchus or lung, unspecified
Lower lobe, bronchus or lung
Main bronchus
Middle lobe, bronchus or lung
Overlapping lesion
Upper lobe, bronchus or lung
Heart, mediastinum, and pleura
Anterior mediastinum
Mediastinum, part unspecified
Overlapping lesion
Posterior mediastinum
Other and ill-defined sites in the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs
Ill-defined sites within the respiratory system
Overlapping lesion
Upper respiratory tract, part unspecified

Skin (Melanoma and non-Melanoma)

Malignant melanoma of skin
Ear and external auricular canal
Eyelid, including canthus
Lower limb, including hip
Other and unspecified parts of face
Overlapping malignant melanoma of skin
Scalp and neck
Skin, unspecified
Upper limb, including shoulder
Other malignant neoplasms of skin
Ear and external auricular canal
Eyelid, including canthus
Lower limb, including hip
Other and unspecified parts of face
Overlapping lesion
Scalp and neck
Skin, unspecified
Upper limb, including shoulder

Soft Tissue

Other connective and soft tissue
Head, face, and neck
Lower limb, including hip
Overlapping lesion
Trunk, unspecified
Upper limb, including shoulder
Peripheral nerves and autonomic nervous system
Head, face, and neck
Lower limb, including hip
Overlapping lesion
Trunk, unspecified
Upper limb, including shoulder

Thyroid gland

Urinary System

Anterior wall Bladder neck
Bladder, unspecified
Lateral wall
Overlapping lesion
Posterior wall
Ureteric orifice
Other and unspecified urinary organs
Overlapping lesion
Paraurethral gland
Urinary organ, unspecified
Renal pelvis

Other sites

Rare Cancers

Any type of cancer that occurs in less than 15 cases per 100,000 persons per year (called the "incidence rate") based on data from 2005-2009 as referenced in Copeland et al., Cancer in North America: 2005-2009 average annual data, are considered rare cancers. These cancers are eligible for certification by the WTC Health Program. Below are cancer types that have been determined to meet the threshold incidence rate for rare cancers. However, this compilation is not exhaustive. Other types of cancer which meet the definition of a rare cancer, but which are not on the List or identified below, may also be considered for certification. Every cancer submitted for certification which is not individually identified in the above list is reviewed by the WTC Health Program to assess if it meets the definition of a rare cancer.

Therefore, for the purposes of the WTC Health Program, the Administrator has determined that the category “Rare Cancers” includes, but is not limited to, the following types of cancer:

The WTC Health Program has developed a Policy and Procedure document for Rare Cancers that defines the list above. If you would like more information on Rare Cancers, please refer to the Policy and Procedure document.

Mental Health Conditions

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Note: Only WTC Responders are eligible to be certified for musculoskelatal disorders. The disorder must be related to your 9/11 work and you must have proof that you received medical care for the injury before September 11, 2003.


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3/4" Angle Menta Brush by Royal and Langnickel Series 98

Royal & Langnickel

$ 3.99
SKU: 03-R98A-3/4

Menta Series 98 brushes consist of medium stiffness synthetic filaments that are perfect for use with light to medium bodied acrylics. This series offers a vast selection of ideal shapes and sizes for the acrylic artist. Each brush in this collection features a gorgeous teal colored acrylic handle that won't crack or swell in water.


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Malta - Growing role of trade unions and employers in VET

ReferNet Malta

Developments at National Level with the publication of the Malta Qualifications Framework have led to an increased awareness as well as difference in the roles different key players take in the local labour market.

Through the efforts of the Malta Qualifications Council, employers, HR managers, trade unions as well as both state and private vocational training institutions have realised that they have a greater role to play in the country’s economy through investment in workers. There is agreement on the need to invest in training and to recognise all forms of learning taking place inside and outside formal training institutions. There is also agreement for closer collaboration between training providers and industry, as this would ensure greater competitiveness, particularly in a dynamic and constantly changing global economy.
Here are just a few examples of how different players in the labour market are investing in training to the benefit of workers, employers, industry and the country in general.

UHM (Malta Workers’ Union) has widened its remit of a trade union to reflect its belief in lifelong education and training in an ever changing labour market economy. Not only does it support workers in terms of monetary increases and better work conditions, but also in terms of education and training opportunities. In response to Malta’s large percentage of early school leavers, in 2003 UHM set up the Salvinu Spiteri Foundation with the principal aim to further the education of workers. The Foundation concentrates mainly on the development of IT skills in workers, but also of pensioners and the unemployed and inactive. These courses are not only important to enhance workers’ aptitude on the workplace but are also sources of knowledge for a better quality of life.

Similarly, the General Workers’ Union (GWU), have increasingly acted as major partners in promoting the development of lifelong learning among workers. Reggie Miller Foundation is the Education Department of the Union with ten schools catering for around 5 000 learners. The foundation aims to provide professional development and further learning of workers in both the vocational sector, key competences as well as other areas such as languages, music, Art and Crafts, Theatre and Drama, Information Technology, Health and Safety, Leadership, Academic Subjects, General Courses and courses held abroad, mainly in the United Kingdom. It also provides specialised courses in collaboration with FHRD (Foundation for Human Resources), the Gerontology Department of the University of Malta, the Employment and Training Centre of Malta (ETC), Labour Studies Department of the University of Malta, and TCTC (a leading Computer Company in Malta). The union also provides a Childcare Centre for parents who, while taking lessons, can leave their young children in a safe and educational environment.

From a different perspective, the Malta Printing Industry Association (MPIA) is working to improve the education system in the sector. Malta is facing a mismatch between the supply and demand of printing operators in the industry with printing operators being head hunted, raising personnel costs, and making the sector less competitive. The training issue within both IVET and CVET had to be addressed and MPIA organized various meetings and conferences for its members in order to highlight the needs of the industry. For the past two years, MPIA has been working with the Malta Qualifications Council (MQC), the Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology (MCAST) and the Employment and Training (ETC) to develop a training course that is more attractive to students and tailor made for the industry. This year MPIA has also been working in mapping out the different job positions in the sector and to develop the occupational standards which are to provide direction for course providers as well as for the validation of informal and non-formal learning.


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VigRX Plus Review – What Does It Have to Offer?

This VigRX Plus review is not aimed at cajoling you to buy this pill. Our focus is simply to provide an unbiased review of this male enhancement pill to help end users like you. Just like every drug, this pill has a downside. Other details that will form part of this review are where to buy the original pill, how to use it, how long it takes to work, undiluted customer reviews, the side effects if any and so on.

What is VigRX Plus?

VigRX Plus is a male enhancement supplement that claims to enhance sexual performance in men. It is believed to be made from natural ingredients that increase sexual urge. It was introduced into the market in 2001.

Let’s take a look at the ingredients.

VigRx Plus active ingredientsThis pill is formulated with 9 natural herbs that are known to stimulate sexual appetite. These ingredients are natural herbs that help to relax the muscle and increase the amount of blood flowing to the penis. VigRX Plus contains testosterone boosters.

  1. Epimedium – studies have shown that Epimedium has similar qualities like Viagra. Epimedium is a very strong PDE-5 inhibitor. This inhibitor helps the blood to circulate more to the penis.
  2. Damiana Extract – this ingredient has been around since time immemorial. It helps in improving the supply of oxygen and blood to your nerve impulses. It also helps men suffering from diabetes fix their erection issues.
  3. Hawthorn Berry – it contains antioxidants that prolong your erection. It has some quantity of Bioflavonoids that stimulate an increase in blood circulation to the penis.
  4. Muira Puma – tribes in Brazil have been using Muira Puma for years to improve erection. It contains basic elements that will enhance your sexual vibes.
  5. Asian Red Ginseng – this ingredient needs no introduction. It was discovered an aphrodisiac as far back as 3500 BC in China by Emperor Shen-Nung.
  6. Ginkgo Biloba – it is a natural sexual stimulant that improves the quality of your erection. Ginkgo Biloba has been recognized by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine as a sexual enhancement herb.
  7. Catuaba Bark Extract – Catuaba origin can be traced back to Brazil and Peru. It is used by men in these countries to improve their sexual desire.
  8. Saw Palmetto Berry – Saw Palmetto improves the testosterone pathways. It has been used for a long time to treat sexual deficiencies’.
  9. Bioperine – This is a potent cocktail that enhances sexual performance on its own. Combining it with the other ingredients mentioned above will boost your sexual performance 40 percent more.

How do I use VigRX Plus pills?

The recommended dosage for VigRX Plus is one pill twice a day. You can take one in the morning after breakfast and the last one after dinner daily. Each box contains pills that will last for 30 days. If you want to get an optimal result, you can also get VigRX Oil. Please, don’t use this pill more than the recommended dosage.

Who is supposed to use VigRX Plus?

VigRX for men is made to improve your sexual ability. It is believed that men suffering from severe erectile dysfunction can also use this pill too. Keep it away from children and store in safe a place.

This pill is not good for persons under 18 years. Although VigRX Plus is more of a supplement, caution is advised.

How long does it take to work?

VigRX Plus is not your typical male enhancement pill that works within 60 minutes of taking it. Any review saying otherwise is only trying to sell the product to you.

The reason so many men prefer prescription drugs like Viagra and Cialis is because they crave for an instant result. Don’t take VigRX Plus and expect an instant result especially if you are suffering from erectile dysfunction. This pill is made to give you results that will last a life’s time.

The result starts manifesting after taking the pills for 30 to 60days. If you want the best results, take the pills as recommended.

The results before and after; does it give permanent results?

If you take this pill as recommended for at least 30 to 60 days, you are likely to get a permanent result. Other male enhancement pills don’t provide you with a long term remedies, especially the blue pills. They only offer instant results with several side effects that could endanger your health.

VigRX Plus builds your sexual prowess after some time; thereby restoring your confidence. Don’t forget that this pill is a supplement and not your typical prescription. With this pill, you can have sex with your partner at any time. You don’t need to take it 1 or 2 hours before sex.

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Is VigRX Plus safe to use? What is the side effect?

It’s no news that male enhancement pills like Viagra, Cialis, etc. have a series of side effects. Although they give you hard and firm erections, the risk may not be worth it in the future. Instead of putting your body through so much danger with prescription drugs, why not go for a pill with zero side effects.

VigRX Plus has been used all over the world by several men and as at the time of writing this review, there is no record of any negative side effects. Mind you, this supplement has been around for more than 15 years.

From our findings, there is no known side effect. This product is made from natural ingredients, unlike other male enhancement pills. You can go through the list of ingredients to ensure that you are not allergic to any. Take the pills as recommended and you will be fine.

Where can I buy VigRX Plus?

Unfortunately, some copycats are taking advantage of VigRX Plus popularity to produce counterfeit products. If you don’t want to order fake products, go to their official website. It’s safer, secure, and you are sure of getting your order.

Buy VigRx Plus official website

Just go to their “Order Page” and place your order. The product will be shipped to you via an efficient shipping medium within 2 weeks for international shipments. If you reside within the United States, it will arrive at your doorstep within 72 hours.

This pill is sold by retailers who buy from VigRX in wholesale and sell over the counter.

Your packages can also be sent over to you discreetly. The company also ensures that their client’s details are protected.

Packages and prices

For starters, to enjoy services like money-back guarantee, it is advised that you purchase two containers for the first time. This product seems more expensive than the usual male enhancement pills if you buy in small quantities.

If you want to get more discounts, place an order for 6 months. The discount offered for a 6 months order is amazing. You can also place an order for two or more containers to get special offers.

VigRX Plus price

VigRX Plus price sale

For more information on their packages and prices, you can visit the VigRX official website.

Is there a money-back guarantee if I buy the pills?

Yes, there is a 67 days money-back guarantee. Here is how it works;

  1. Purchase 2 containers of their product and try it out. If you are not satisfied, you can return the unused 2 containers within 67 days. This period starts counting from the time of delivery.
  2. If return the products (the two containers) within 67 days, you will receive a full refund of your money minus shipping charges.
  3. Assuming you purchase an extra container, you will also receive a full refund for an unopened container.

Customer reviews

Most often customers leave reviews after using a product over a while or for the first time. The only disadvantage of relying on customer reviews is if they are from untrusted sites. In this case, the reviews about VigRX Plus are from real customers who used this product.

For instance, Patrick White, from Atlanta, Georgia said the product works and that he has also recommended it to his friends. Another customer Aaron Stover, Jr. said his girlfriend was amazed by his sexual performance.

Generally, the customer reviews about VigRX Plus has been positive and heartwarming. Although they were some negative comments, from the interactions between the customer and admin, you will discover that the customer purchased the pill from an unverified dealer. Most of those who have used this drug appreciate the sexual control they get after using it.

Why should I recommend VigRX Plus?

VigRX Plus is a supplement produced with natural ingredients. It is not the typical male enhancement pill that gives you erection after one hour of taking it.

Although you don’t get an instant result after taking this pill, it significantly enhances your sexual drive and performance after a continuous period of usage.

It doesn’t have any known side effect. This is unprecedented compared to other male enhancement drugs that have a plethora of side effects like headaches, nausea, waist pain, etc. However, it is advised that you check the list of ingredients in case you have allergies. You have nothing to worry about if you are on a nitrate medication.

VigRX Plus penis enlargement pill also improves your sex drive. The penis enlargement may be noticeable within a few weeks or months of using this pill consistently. For faster results on your penis enlargement, you can go for other products manufactured by this company.

The price is also affordable compared to other pills in the market. You can also take advantage of their discount offer. If you purchase more than 2 containers, you will receive a mouthwatering discount.

Apart from their amazing discount, a money-back guarantee protects you from any loss. If you don’t like the product, you can send it back within 67 days after purchase.

  1. It has a good track record of helping with sexual disabilities in men
  2. The company offers amazing discounts to customers that buy in large quantity
  3. This male enhancement supplement is recommended by reputable medical doctors that specialize in natural medicine
  4. Sure money-back guarantee system that works. It means you can try out their product without losing anything
  5. The product is formulated, manufactured, and approved by the US food and drug agency
  6. It carried out a clinical study and published the same in medical journals. Our findings has shown that it is the only enhancement pill to do so
  7. Has been around for more than 15 years
  8. Improves your sexual performance without any side effects
  9. More frequent orgasms
  10. Can be used by male adults of all ages.

  1. It is more expensive than the typical male enhancement pills. Especially if you don’t buy in large quantity
  2. You can barely find the VigRX Plus in stores
  3. t’s only purchased from their website

VigRX Plus male enhancement pills are tested and clinically certified. It is by far the best male enhancement pill in the market. It offers a quality result and performance. Several men all over the world have used this product and their testimonies are positive. Regardless of some of the negative comments, VigRX Plus was still rated very high. It remains one of the top-rated male enhancement pills till date. If you are in doubt, their 100 percent money-back guarantee covers any loss.

Since there is no known side effect, it is advised to take it after a meal. Taking VigRX Plus on an empty stomach may curse some side effects. Also, drink more water after taking this pill. If you are dehydrated, it may cause headaches.

Lastly, consult a doctor to carry out a check on your system to ascertain if you need this pill. Self-medication is strongly prohibited.

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