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Algeria - Poverty and wealth

Algeria Poverty And Wealth 2021
Photo by: sootra

In the first 2 decades after independence, the government of Algeria made impressive gains in terms of raising living standards in the country by creating employment opportunities in the public sector and extending social benefits. However, the country's declining economic conditions since the 1980s, brought about by falling oil prices and years of inefficient state control, have had serious implications for the living standards of Algerians. High unemployment and inflation rates since the 1980s have led to a sharp increase in the incidence of poverty in the country. Between 1988 and 1995, the percentage of the population below the poverty line increased from 8 percent to 14 percent. According to the EIU Country Profile for 2000-01, GDP per capita in 1994 dropped by 2.5 percent over the preceding decade. While unemployment and poverty figures rose sharply in urban areas, the countryside was more seriously affected; almost 70 percent of the poor live in rural areas. Unemployment is especially serious among younger, unskilled workers.

Despite widespread poverty, however, uneven development has led to the emergence of an affluent class that controls most of the country's wealth, enjoying an elevated standard of living and visiting shopping centers featuring the best imported goods. Living in the suburbs of Algiers and Oran, the wealthy send their children to private schools and universities abroad. Yet not far from these affluent neighborhoods, a significant number of poor Algerians live in squalor, with poor and overcrowded housing, limited food supplies, and inadequate access to clean water, good quality health care, or education. The extremes are reflected in the country's distribution of income: in 1996, the wealthiest 20 percent of Algerians controlled 42.6 percent of the country's wealth, while the poorest 20 percent controlled only 7 percent of wealth. This uneven distribution of income has been exacerbated by chronic housing shortages, which have given rise to poor shantytowns in most cities. These shortages have been the result of high population growth rates and decades of rural-urban migration. This has prompted the government since the early 1980s to shift

GDP per Capita (US$)
Country 1975 1980 1985 1990 1998
Algeria 1,460 1,692 1,860 1,638 1,521
United States 19,364 21,529 23,200 25,363 29,683
Nigeria 301 314 230 258 256
Libya N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
SOURCE : United Nations. Human Development Report 2000; Trends in human development and per capita income.

Distribution of Income or Consumption by Percentage Share: Algeria
Lowest 10% 2.8
Lowest 20% 7.0
Second 20% 11.6
Third 20% 16.1
Fourth 20% 22.7
Highest 20% 42.6
Highest 10% 26.8
Survey year: 1995
Note: This information refers to expenditure shares by percentiles of the population and is ranked by per capita expenditure.
SOURCE : 2000 World Development Indicators [CD-ROM].

its spending priorities to address the housing shortages by constructing subsidized housing units and prefabricated houses at moderate cost.

The decline in living standards in Algeria continued throughout the 1990s, as the government embarked on a structural reform program to reverse economic decline, and as subsidies of basic foodstuffs were lifted. Unemployment numbers also continued to rise, standing at 2.3 million in 1999, and representing about 25 percent of the labor force, according to official estimates. Another 10 percent of the labor force is believed to be underemployed .

Algeria's mounting economic difficulties fueled public discontent that culminated in the Islamic rebellion against the state that began in 1991. The military's decision to abort the electoral process led to the unraveling of what little political consensus and national unity once existed. The FLN had been discredited both by its inability to defeat the Islamists at the polls and by its failure to manage the country's relatively rich economic resources. In the absence of viable secular parties, the Islamists claimed to represent the voice of the people.

Also read article about Algeria from Wikipedia

User Contributions:

Report this comment as inappropriate
Sep 19, 2011 @ 4:04 am
May Allah give wisdom and brain to Muslim rulers... SHAHID
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Oct 14, 2011 @ 4:16 pm
You have stated all the negative aspect of algeria. How about the economic transformation and the wealth which the algerian people live today.such as the construction of one million accomodations. The devellopment of the agriculurat sector as well as the restructure of the financial sector. Algeria now is known for it's money reserve as well as it's economic success. Write something positive about the country.
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Jul 27, 2012 @ 8:20 pm
that is the truth , what happening in Algeria is uneven wealth distribution. every one think to take his stake and does not care about the country.
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May 13, 2013 @ 10:10 am
I have lived all my life in Algeria.I witness that all what's written above about the economical situation of the country is correct and credible.That was about the period of late 80's and late 90's.The situation now is not much better and the gap between rich and poor is huge.Country is rich in resources but only very few enjoy the richness.

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About About

Improving the lives of individuals and families through Native American culturally appropriate behavioral health, affordable housing, and community development services.

Since 1972, we have been changing lives, strengthening families, and building healthy communities. We began as a small grassroots organization operating one program for Native American men in recovery from substance abuse. Today, Native American Connections owns and operates 18 sites throughout Central Phoenix offering a continuum of affordable housing, behavioral health, and community development services which touch and change the lives of over 10,000 individuals and families each year.

Our Vision is to be recognized as an innovative Native American service & development organization.

Our Values are embodied in our work: collaboration, empowerment, integrity, stewardship, wellness, compassion, family, spirituality, teamwork and volunteerism.

Native American Connections’ services are open to everyone and no person shall, on the grounds of race, color, sex, religion, national or ethnic origin, familial status, or disability be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination.

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Housing Housing

Affordable Housing Pre Application               Permanent Supportive Housing Pre Application

Housing is the foundation for the creation of Native American Connections and for supporting individuals in alcohol and drug recovery, family stabilization, and community wellness. NAC has developed, owns and manages 500 units of income based and affordable housing. Our housing program is open to individuals and families of all ethnicities with specialized communities for families, seniors, individuals with disabilities, chronically homeless men and women, and homeless youth.
We purposefully develop and operate our housing program with the following principals:

Affordable Housing

Our housing communities offer income based and market rate rentals along with on-site supportive programs and community activities that help residents improve their ability to lead healthy lifestyles and make good choices while increasing financial stability and self-sufficiency.

Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH)
Our homeless housing communities meet the needs of very low income and chronically homeless individuals who are in need of additional supports in order to maintain housing stability. Project Based Section 8 and HUD VASH vouchers are available.

Transitional Housing for Youth
Our transitional living program increases independence and personal responsibility among homeless youth 18-24 years of age at theHomeBase transitional living program by wrapping services like GED/college readiness, employment and life skills courses, financial literacy, and wellness resources around youth while they live in the 25 bed living environment.

Transitional Housing for Adult Women in Recovery
Our transitional living program provides women who have completed residential substance abuse treatment with the additional time and support needed to make a successful transition to permanent housing. Residents also participate in NAC’s outpatient program and receive progressive step-down support.

At each of our housing communities, NAC offers on-site programs and activities that help residents improve health & wellness; increase financial literacy; and encourage family strengthening.  Co-ordinated by our Resident Services Team, classes and activities are offered throughout the year and are tailored to meet the interests of each unique community.  Activities include cooking demonstrations, financial management, job and career development, AA support groups, family communication strategies, and afterschool and summer programs for kids.  The Resident Services Team also assists with the Resident Empowerment Program which offers residents the opportunity to become involved in building a safe, supportive environment at each housing community.

NAC’s ability to provide supportive services is enhanced by partnerships with agencies that bring their expertise to assist residents. Our partners include Phoenix Indian Center, St. Joseph the Worker, Desert Schools Federal Credit Union, St. Mary’s Food Bank and Kid’s Café, Gabriel’s Angels and Southwest Human Development.

Property Management

NAC’s Property Management Team oversees the management and operations of all housing communities.  Employees are committed to the highest customer service and qualified in all aspects of property management. Property managers at each location are trained to not only respond to tenant property issues but to also provide case management as needed and to support residents in their efforts to maintain their housing.

No person shall, on the grounds of race, color, sex, religion, national or ethnic origin, familial status, or disability be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination under Native American Connections housing programs.

Equal Housing Opportunity


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20 anti humectant products

Humidity is the devil to a natural. Ok, some naturals like it, but for most of us, humidity can make our hair expand and shrink to disastrous proportions.

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor or moisture in the air. An anti-humidity product or an anti-humectant product is a moisture blocker and therefore decreases the potential for frizz and reversion if your hair is straightened.

It may seem odd since most naturals need and want hydration, but sometimes we don’t need the extra moisture that the weather can bring.

What makes anti-humectants work and what ingredients to look for

There are several components that contribute to the effectiveness of anti-humectants, but the anti-humectants that most curlies are familiar with are silicones. Silicones get a bad rap within the natural hair community, but they actually serve a valuable purpose for naturals in several ways. Most silicones are not water-soluble so they prevent the moisture in the air from penetrating your hair shaft and causing your strands to expand and contract; this helps when you do not want your twist-out, braid-outs, straight hair, and just about any stretched style to expand, shrink, and lose definition!

Other ingredients that actually fight off humidity are ester, palm oil, beeswax, and shea butter.

20 Frizz-Fighting Products


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Dysthymia Depression Symptoms 2018

Tor analysis of the DPD traits and dysthymia symptoms in a large, non-clinical sample (N = 368) indicated that a two-factor model DPD alone 8 5 3 11.63 5.88 dysthymia + DPD 9 7 2 21.33 7.52 Note. BDI, Beck Depression Inventory. … Read Document

Atypical depression – Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Atypical depression (AD) is a subtype of dysthymia and major depression, sharing many of the symptoms of both, but also being characterized by mood reactivity—being able to experience improved mood in response to positive events. In contrast, sufferers of "melancholic" depression generally … Read Article

Depression: How Do I Know If I Have It? – Dr. Walton – YouTube
He also discusses the differences between dysthymia (low level depression) and 1:10 Watch Later Error Depression Symptoms – Do You Have Any Of These 10? by haroldbarker1785 25,469 views; 1:52 Watch Later Error "Changing Our Minds" movie trailer: Depression & Dysthymia – information … View Video

Adding Group Psychotherapy To Medication Treatment In Dysthymia
Treatment for Dysthymia 94 J Psychother Pract Res, 10:2, Spring 2001 disorder and major depression)10,11 and “pure dysthy-mia,”12,13 have demonstrated signiﬁcant reduction of depressive symptoms following medication treatment. … Access Document

Even though the symptoms of dysthymia are milder than those occurring with major depression, doctors strongly support the need for people with dysthymia to continue receiving long-term medical care and monitoring. … Visit Document

Pharmacologic Treatment Of Acute Major Depression And Dysthymia
Pharmacologic Treatment of Acute Major Depression and Dysthymia Vincenza Snow, MD; Steven Lascher, DVM, MPH; and Christel Mottur Severe depression: Characterized by the presence of most of the symptoms of major depression and a clear- … Retrieve Document

Symptoms Of Seasonal Affective Disorder – About.com Depression
The symptoms of depression then intensify (January and February are usually worst) and can lead to truly devastating, unjustified feelings of worthlessness or guilt, loss of concentration, inability to make decisions, and even thoughts of death. … Read Article

Major Depression And Dysthymic Disorder In Adolescents: The …
Also, pediatricians and family doctors frequently miss the depression symptoms of depressed adolescents due to lack of training in the The occurrence of both major depression and Dysthymia is referred to as double depression (APA, 2000; Comer, 2010). … Read Document

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS What is dysthymia? Dysthymiaisa chronic form of depression that lasts for at least two years (one year for children), but often lasts form any years. Over the long term, these symptoms can negatively impact nor-malfunctioning as mu ch as major de pres-sion. … View Document

Depression And College Students
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IF YOU LIVE IN THE NEW YORK AREA And Would Like Information …
symptoms were thought to have “neurotic depression.” If their depression was a “neurosis,” the logical treatment was psychoanalysis, which hoped to cure neuroses. However the DSMIII reclassified chronic depressiondysthymia” as a “mood disorder”—in the same category as major … Doc Viewer

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Dysthymia In Children And Adolescents
Considering that the majority of the studies in Again, programmes focus on social skills training childhood depression have focused on major depres-and sometimes education of parents and teachers sive disorder and only a few on dysthymia or both about depressive symptoms. … Visit Document

Overview Of Depression
Seeks ways to improve interpersonal relations and thus lower the depressive symptoms. IP has been shown to be effective with Major Depression, Dysthymia, and some forms of Mood Disorder NOS. … Retrieve Full Source

Dysthymia . What is Dysthymia? Dysthymia (the Greek roots of the word mean "bad state of mind" or "ill humor") is a disorder with similar but longer-lasting and milder symptoms than clinical depression. … View Full Source

Mood Disorders In Children And Teens
Get feedback on the youth’s symptoms and behaviors. Treating Major Depression The treatment for major depression and dysthymia typically includes psychotherapy and selective serotonin reuptake … Access Content

Depression And HIV Inspiration And Advocacy For People
Whether medication might reduce your symptoms and, if so, which medications should be tried. There are several sub-categories of depression. The most common are major depression and dysthymia. … Read More

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DYSTHYMIA Creighton University | Peer Education Office 402.280.5532 | www2.creighton.edu/peereducation | [email protected] A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms … Fetch This Document

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depression & Medication
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Blue Light Management For Bipolar Mood Disorder – YouTube
What are the symptoms of seasonal hypomanias and depression of the soft bipolar cyclothymia person? seasonal depression; hypomania; dysthymia; bipolar mood disorder; soft bipolar suffering … View Video

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Jim Hogan Receives 2017 Migliore Award for Lifetime Achievement

Natural Stone Institute
(440) 250-9222

2017 Migliore Award winner Jim Hogan with 2017 BSI President, Daniel Wood, and 2017 MIA President, Jon Lancto.

Oberlin, OH and Chestertown, NY, February 15, 2018—Jim Hogan, Senior Vice President of Carrara Marble Company of America, is the recipient of the 2017 Migliore Award for Lifetime Achievement.

Hogan began his career in the stone industry in 1985 following an eleven year career as an airborne ranger in Special Forces for the US Army, during which he rose to the impressive rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Hogan applied his engineering degree to his job at Carrara Marble Company of America in southern California. His management helped grow the business into a powerhouse of the stone industry, now primarily involved in large scale commercial projects. Today, he is senior vice president, co-owner, and a member of the board of the directors of the company, whose works are showcases for excellence in natural stone work wherever they are located.

Hogan began his service on the board of directors of the Marble Institute of America in 2002 and served as its president in 2008. He made his work within MIA a priority and took on his responsibilities as president with enthusiasm and thoughtful management. As president, Hogan was greeted by perhaps the greatest crisis in the history of the modern natural stone industry—the radon crisis. He rose to the occasion, working nearly full time with MIA staff to lead efforts to fight back against false claims regarding radon emission in natural stone. Long after the radon crisis, Hogan continues to contribute to the industry in countless ways, including reviewing technical papers and traveling to Washington DC for legislative visits on Capitol Hill.

In a letter nominating Hogan for this award, Scott Lardner (Rocky Mountain Stone) and Jonathan Zanger (Walker Zanger) commented: “Jim’s leadership during a very challenging time for our industry was unwavering and his continued commitment to the industry deserves recognition. We are proud to call Jim Hogan a friend and colleague and are pleased to nominate him for the Migliore Award for Lifetime Achievement.”

About the Natural Stone Institute

The Natural Stone Institute is a trade association representing every aspect of the natural stone industry. The current membership exceeds 2,000 members in over 50 countries. The association offers a wide array of technical and training resources, professional development opportunities, regulatory advocacy, and networking events. Two prominent publications—the Dimension Stone Design Manual and Building Stone Magazine—raise awareness within the natural stone industry and in the design community for best practices and uses of natural stone. Learn more at www.naturalstoneinstitute.org.

Stones of North America

Use Natural Stone

Genuine. Versatile. Unique. Durable. Sustainable. Easy to Maintain


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Sheila Reddy
Sheila Reddy Sheila Reddy © Johnny Stafford

Our People

Sheila Reddy

Associate Director of Strategic Initiatives, Chief Strategy Office

Durham, North Carolina USA

Dr. Sheila Reddy is Associate Director of Strategic Initiatives, Chief Strategy Office. She helps manage TNC’s portfolio of strategies for maximum impact by leveraging science and analytics.

Sheila is leading an initiative to transform how we measure conservation impact using remote sensing and artificial intelligence. She also supports strategy development by ensuring strategy teams have the science they need, especially sciences newer to conservation such as economics and other behavioral sciences. For example, her team is running large field experiments to test new ways to promote conservation practices on US farmlands.

Sheila’s previous collaborative work in corporate sustainability and sustainable economic development has received awards for academic and social impact. She serves as an Associate Editor for the journal, Conservation Science and Practice.

Before joining TNC in 2011, Sheila was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Brown University in Economics and Ecology. She earned her Ph.D. in Marine Biology from Scripps Institution of Oceanography through a program with the Department of Economics, University of California-San Diego. She has B.S. in Biological Sciences from Stanford University.

Download Sheila's CV

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In addition to publishing in peer-reviewed journals (see Publications tab), Sheila has written numerous essays and her collaborative research has been covered by various media outlets (see selection below).

Visit Sheila's Google Scholar Profile for a full list of publications.

Reddy, S.M., Montambault, J., Masuda, Y.J., Keenan, E., Butler, W., Fisher, J.R., Asah, S.T. & Gneezy, A. (2017). Advancing Conservation by Understanding and Influencing Human Behavior. Conservation Letters, 10, 248–256.

Aburto-Oropeza, O., Leslie, H.M., Mack-Crane, A., Nagavarapu, S., Reddy, S.M.W. & Sievanen, L. (2016). Property rights for fishing cooperatives: how (and how well) do they work? World Bank Econ Rev, lhw001.

Reddy, S.M., Guannel, G., Griffin, R., Faries, J., Boucher, T., Thompson, M., Brenner, J., Bernhardt, J., Verutes, G., Wood, S.A., Silver, J.A., Toft, J., Rogers, A., Maas, A., Guerry, A., Molnar, J. & DiMuro, J.L. (2016). Evaluating the role of coastal habitats and sea-level rise in hurricane risk mitigation: an ecological economic assessment method and application to a business decision. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 12, 328–344.

Kochnower, D., Reddy, S.M.W. & Flick, R.E. (2015). Factors influencing local decisions to use habitats to protect coastal communities from hazards. Ocean & Coastal Management, 116, 277–290.

Leslie, H.M., Basurto, X., Nenadovic, M., Sievanen, L., Cavanaugh, K.C., Cota-Nieto, J.J., Erisman, B.E., Finkbeiner, E., Hinojosa-Arango, G., Moreno-Báez, M., Nagavarapu, S., Reddy, S.M.W., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., Siegel, K., Ulibarria-Valenzuela, J.J., Weaver, A.H. & Aburto-Oropeza, O. (2015). Operationalizing the social-ecological systems framework to assess sustainability. PNAS, 112, 5979–5984.

Reddy, S.M.W., McDonald, R.I., Maas, A.S., Rogers, A., Girvetz, E.H., Molnar, J., Finley, T., Leathers, G. & DiMuro, J.L. (2015). Industrialized watersheds have elevated risk and limited opportunities to mitigate risk through water trading. Water Resources and Industry, 11, 27–45.

Reddy, S.M.W., McDonald, R.I., S. Maas, A., Rogers, A., Girvetz, E.H., North, J., Molnar, J., Finley, T., Leathers, G. & L. DiMuro, J. (2015). Finding solutions to water scarcity: incorporating ecosystem service values into business planning at The Dow Chemical Company’s Freeport, TX facility. Ecosystem Services, 12, 94–107.

Wood, C.L., Baum, J.K., Reddy, S.M.W., Trebilco, R., Sandin, S.A., Zgliczynski, B.J., Briggs, A.A. & Micheli, F. (2015). Productivity and fishing pressure drive variability in fish parasite assemblages of the Line Islands, equatorial Pacific. Ecology, 96, 1383–1398.

Reddy, S.M.W., Groves, T. & Nagavarapu, S. (2014). Consequences of a government-controlled agricultural price increase on fishing and the coral reef ecosystem in the Republic of Kiribati. PLOS ONE, 9, e96817. Faculty 1000 Recommended

Reddy, S.M.W., Wentz, A., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Maxey, M., Nagavarapu, S. & Leslie, H.M. (2013). Evidence of market-driven size-selective fishing and the mediating effects of biological and institutional factors. Ecological Applications, 23, 726–741.

Roy, E.D., Morzillo, A.T., Seijo, F., Reddy, S.M.W., Rhemtulla, J.M., Milder, J.C., Kuemmerle, T. & Martin, S.L. (2013). The elusive pursuit of interdisciplinarity at the human-environment interface. BioScience, 63, 745–753.

Carilli, J. & Walsh, S. (2012). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Kiritimati (Christmas) Island indicate human-mediated nutrification has occurred over the scale of decades. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 456, 87–99.

Walsh, S.M., Hamilton, S.L., Ruttenberg, B.I., Donovan, M.K. & Sandin, S.A. (2012). Fishing top predators indirectly affects condition and reproduction in a reef-fish community. Journal of Fish Biology, 80, 519–537.

Ruttenberg, B.I., Hamilton, S.L., Walsh, S.M., Donovan, M.K., Friedlander, A., DeMartini, E., Sala, E. & Sandin, S.A. (2011). Predator-induced demographic shifts in coral reef fish assemblages. PLOS ONE, 6, e21062.

Walsh, S.M. (2011). Ecosystem-scale effects of nutrients and fishing on coral reefs, ecosystem-scale effects of nutrients and fishing on coral reefs. Journal of Marine Biology, 2011, e187248.

Carilli, J.E., Norris, R.D., Black, B., Walsh, S.M. & McField, M. (2010). Century-scale records of coral growth rates indicate that local stressors reduce coral thermal tolerance threshold. Global Change Biology, 16, 1247–1257.

Eakin, C.M., Morgan, J.A., et al. (2010). Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLOS ONE, 5, e13969.

Sandin, S.A., Walsh, S.M. & Jackson, J.B.C. (2010). Prey release, trophic cascades, and phase shifts in tropical nearshore ecosystems. In: Trophic cascades: predators, prey, and the changing dynamics of nature (eds. Terborgh, J. & Estes, J.A.). Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 71–91.

Vermeij, M.J.A., Dailer, M.L., Walsh, S.M., Donovan, M.K. & Smith, C.M. (2010). The effects of trophic interactions and spatial competition on algal community composition on Hawaiian coral reefs. Marine Ecology, 31, 291–299.

Walsh, S.M., Groves, T. & Nagavarapu, S. (2010). Promoting alternative livelihoods for conservation backfires when non-monetary benefits of traditional livelihoods are important(Working Paper No. 10-02). Center for Environmental Economics.

Carilli, J.E., Norris, R.D., Black, B.A., Walsh, S.M. & McField, M. (2009). Local stressors reduce coral resilience to bleaching. PLOS ONE, 4, e6324.

Sandin, S.A., Smith, J.E., DeMartini, E.E., Dinsdale, E.A., Donner, S.D., Friedlander, A.M., Konotchick, T., Malay, M., Maragos, J.E., Obura, D., Pantos, O., Paulay, G., Richie, M., Rohwer, F., Schroeder, R.E., Walsh, S., Jackson, J.B.C., Knowlton, N. & Sala, E. (2008). Baselines and degradation of coral reefs in the northern Line Islands. PLOS ONE, 3, e1548.

Carson, R. & Walsh, S.M. (2006). Preventing damage from major oil spills: lessons from the Exxon Valdez. Oceanis, 32, 349–372.

Garren, M., Walsh, S.M., Caccone, A. & Knowlton, N. (2006). Patterns of association between Symbiodinium and members of the Montastraea annularis species complex on spatial scales ranging from within colonies to between geographic regions. Coral Reefs, 25, 503–512.

Walsh, S.M. & McField, M. (2006). Understanding patterns of bleaching in the mesoamerican reef – a collaborative effort to support resilience-based management. In: A reef manager’s guide to coral bleaching (eds. Marshall, P. & Schuttenberg, H.). Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia.


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German Methodist Cemetery Prairie
German Methodist Cemetery Prai German Methodist Cemetery Prairie © Stuart Orr/TNC

Places We Protect

German Methodist Cemetery Prairie

German Methodist Cemetery Prairie is one of the best black soil prairie remnants in Indiana with over 200 species of native plants.

Why You Should Visit

The grand tallgrass prairie once covered most of northwest Indiana's silt loam soils. These "black soil prairies" were extremely fertile and almost all of these prairies succumbed to agriculture. Fortunately all is not lost. The German Methodist Cemetery preserve is the finest black soil prairie remnant in not only the state, but in all of the Midwest.  It is also one of the most diverse sites in the state with over 200 species of native plants in it's less than 3 acres.

Lake County

Great Lakes

2.7 Acres

State Nature Preserve, 1981

Owned & Managed By

The Indiana Department of Natural Resources' Division of Nature Preserves (DNP)

What The Nature Conservancy is Doing/ has Done

The Conservancy was able to acquire the rare prairie after Indiana's Division of Nature Preserves was not able to obtain rights to the area. Unfortunately half the prairie was plowed for future burial use before the cemetery board agreed to trade the prairie for adjacent farmland offered for sale by a sympathetic neighbor. After being dedicated as a state nature preserve, the prairie is now protected for future generations. A buffer strip around the prairie was also acquired and a fence installed for further protection. Periodical prescribed burns also take place to keep the prairie in a healthy, natural condition. The Conservancy transferred the property to the DNP in 2010.

What to See: Plants and Animals

It is one of the state’s most diverse sites, with over 200 species of native prairie plants, including the state-threatened cream wild indigo and the rare white upland aster. Spring, summer and fall offer fabulous displays of wildflowers and prairie plants. White and pink shooting star carper the tract in the spring. The yellow flowers of prairie dock and compass plant reach high in the summer sky, and in the autumn the translucent straw-colored grasses are a beautiful backdrop for purple asters, yellow sunflowers and blue gentians. The dominant grass is prairie dropseed, which is indicative of virgin conditions.

The prairie portion of the German Methodist Cemetery has never been used for burials, so there are no tombstones. Please do make sure to take care when walking through the prairie as it is home to hundreds of important native plants.


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Watching the Rails: Inside Metro's Closed-Circuit Nerve Center - NBC4 Washington

Watching the Rails: Inside Metro's Closed-Circuit Nerve Center

    Inside Look at Metro's New Security Operations Command Center

    News4 gets rare access to one of Metro's most sensitive buildings: Its new security operations command center. Transportation reporter Adam Tuss has the story to keep you safe and secure while you are on Metro. (Published Thursday, Feb. 4, 2016)

    Inside a nondescript building in an industrial corner of Hyattsville, Maryland, Metro has amassed the nerve center for one of the most sophisticated closed-circuit camera networks in the world.

    And the transit system has a message for you: They are watching.

    "Being transparent with our riders -- if you are in any public space within the Metro system, there's a good chance you are going to be caught on camera somewhere," Metro Chief of Police Ronald Pavlik said.

    Facing recent reports about a spike in crime and dealing with high-profile episodes of attacks on the Metrorail system, leaders opened the doors to the new facility, which displays a dizzying array of electronic eyes.

    All 91 rail stations are visible at any time, in real time. Some individual stations boast as many as 100 cameras. Metro buildings are on display. Parking lots are being monitored, as are elevators.

    Cameras that watch every part of Metrorail's system.

    "It's also a message for the bad guys, because guess what? We watch you, we got you and we are going to get you if you do anything on our system," Metro General Manager Paul Wiedefeld said.

    Metro leaders talked about an episode Jan. 28 in which a group of teens traded punches with a man at the Gallery Place station. This camera network gives them the flexibility to respond to those kinds of incidents quickly, Metro said.

    "That crime occurred within about 20 seconds from the time that they got on to the time that they got off." Pavlik said. "We know what train they are on. We have officers up the line prepared to stop that train. The technology speaks for itself."

    In that case, six teens were identified and pulled off a train as it entered the Woodley Park station farther along the Red Line.

    Buses have plenty of cameras as well, but officers in the field are connecting wirelessly to the bus to monitor those cameras.

    "You can clearly see, you are going to get caught on camera somewhere," Pavlik said.

    Metro Chief of Police Ronald Pavlik.

    Even if Metro doesn't catch an incident happening in real time, the cameras are constantly recording and can be accessed to search a specific time and date.

    But cameras can only do so much.

    Metro admits it would love to have more transit police officers available and is considering a new strategy to change the uniforms for transit police to make them more visible on trains, in stations and on buses.

    "I'm sure any police chief in the United States would say that they'd love to have more officers," Pavlik said.

    As far as banning individuals who commit crimes in the system from riding, "stay away" orders have been issued in the past for riders, Metro said. However, those orders have come from a judge. In the recent case of the teenagers involved in the Gallery Place fight, their right to ride the system will not be revoked.


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Dev Biol. 2000 Jun 15;222(2):347-58.

Roles for Fgf signaling during zebrafish fin regeneration.

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Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 15N 2030E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.

Following amputation of a urodele limb or teleost fin, the formation of a blastema is a crucial step in facilitating subsequent regeneration. Using the zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model, we have examined the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) initiate blastema formation from fin mesenchyme. We find that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (fgfr1) is expressed in mesenchymal cells underlying the wound epidermis during blastema formation and in distal blastemal tissue during regenerative outgrowth. fgfr1 transcripts colocalize with those of msxb and msxc, putative markers for undifferentiated, proliferating cells. A zebrafish Fgf member, designated wfgf, is expressed in the regeneration epidermis during outgrowth. Furthermore, we show that a specific inhibitor of Fgfr1 applied immediately following fin amputation blocks blastema formation, without obvious effects on wound healing. This inhibitor blocks the proliferation of blastemal cells and the onset of msx gene transcription. Inhibition of Fgf signaling during ongoing fin regeneration prevents further outgrowth while downregulating the established expression of blastemal msx genes and epidermal sonic hedgehog. Our findings indicate that zebrafish fin blastema formation and regenerative outgrowth require Fgf signaling.

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Cell. 2008 Jul 11;134(1):25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.030.

Evo-devo and an expanding evolutionary synthesis: a genetic theory of morphological evolution.

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Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Biologists have long sought to understand which genes and what kinds of changes in their sequences are responsible for the evolution of morphological diversity. Here, I outline eight principles derived from molecular and evolutionary developmental biology and review recent studies of species divergence that have led to a genetic theory of morphological evolution, which states that (1) form evolves largely by altering the expression of functionally conserved proteins, and (2) such changes largely occur through mutations in the cis-regulatory sequences of pleiotropic developmental regulatory loci and of the target genes within the vast networks they control.

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Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Apr 1;175(7):685-95. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr373. Epub 2012 Mar 14.

Prospective study of human papillomavirus seropositivity and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

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Department of Medical Microbiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in case-control studies, but there are limited data from prospective studies assessing whether virus exposure predicts risk of future cancer development. Two major biobanks, the Southern Sweden Microbiology Biobank (1971-2003) and the Janus Biobank (1973-2003) in Norway, containing samples from 850,000 donors, were searched for incident skin cancer for up to 30 years using registry linkages. Altogether, 2,623 donors with samples taken before diagnosis of SCC or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin were identified. Prediagnostic samples and samples from 2,623 matched controls were tested for antibodies against 33 types of HPV. Baseline seropositivity to HPV types in genus β species 2 was associated with SCC risk (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.7); this was also the case for samples taken more than 18 years before diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.8). Type-specific persistent seropositivity entailed elevated point estimates for SCC risk for 29 HPV types and decreased point estimates for only 3 types. After multiple hypothesis adjustment, HPV 76 was significantly associated with SCC risk and HPV 9 with BCC risk. In summary, seropositivity for certain HPV types was associated with an increased risk for future development of SCC and BCC.

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Hosp Pract (1995). 2014 Aug;42(3):7-16. doi: 10.3810/hp.2014.08.1125.

Pulmonary nodule: a comprehensive review and update.

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Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS.

The incidental detection of solitary pulmonary nodules and ground-glass nodules has increased substantially with the use of computed tomography as a diagnostic modality and is expected to rise exponentially as lung cancer screening guidelines are more widely implemented by primary care physicians. The lesions should then be classified as low, indeterminate, or high risk for malignancy, depending on the clinical and radiological characteristics. Once classified, these lesions should be evaluated and managed as per expert consensus-based recommendations for performing follow-up computed tomography scans and tissue sampling depending on the pretest probability. When weighing the risks and benefits of further investigations, patient preference and suitability for surgery should be taken into consideration as well.

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BACKGROUND: Delayed union and non-union of fractures are a considerable cause of morbidity to patients. Laboratory studies have shown that electromagnetic fields can stimulate the formation of new bone, indicating a potential role for electromagnetic stimulation in the treatment of fractures that have failed to heal. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of electromagnetic stimulation for treating delayed union or non-union of long bone fractures in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (May 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (in The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to May 2010) and EMBASE (1980 to 2010 Week 20), trial registers and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials evaluating electromagnetic field stimulation for the treatment of delayed union or non-union of long bones in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected studies and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Treatment effects were assessed using risk ratios and, where appropriate, data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Four studies, involving 125 participants, were included. Three studies evaluated the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields and one study, capacitive coupled electric fields. Participants with delayed union and non-union of the long bones were included, but most data related to non-union of the tibia. Although all studies were blinded randomised placebo-controlled trials, each study had limitations.The primary measure of the clinical effectiveness of electromagnetic field stimulation was the proportion of participants whose fractures had united at a fixed time point. The overall pooled effect size was small and not statistically significant (risk ratio 1.96; 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 4.48; 4 trials). There was substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity in this pooled analysis (I(2) = 58%). A sensitivity analysis conducted to determine the effect of multiple follow-up time-points on the heterogeneity amongst the studies showed that the effect size remained non-significant at 24 weeks (risk ratio 1.61; 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 3.54; 3 trials), with similar heterogeneity (I(2) = 57%).There was no reduction in pain found in two trials. No study reported functional outcome measures. One trial reported two minor complications resulting from treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Though the available evidence suggests that electromagnetic field stimulation may offer some benefit in the treatment of delayed union and non-union of long bone fractures, it is inconclusive and insufficient to inform current practice. More definitive conclusions on treatment effect await further well-conducted randomised controlled trials.

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Journal article

The cochrane database of systematic reviews

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Warwick Orthopaedics, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Building, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, UK, CV2 2DX.

Humans, Arm Injuries, Fractures, Ununited, Tibial Fractures, Leg Injuries, Fracture Healing, Adult, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Magnetic Field Therapy


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Name That Commencement Speaker

Is it graduation time again already? Scholars, politicians, and celebrities will soon travel to various colleges and universities to address the class of 2010. Some will make more of an impression than others. In today's Lunchtime Quiz at mental_floss, see how well you can identify commencement speakers of the past by a quote from their speeches. I scored 70%, not because I recall the speeches, but because I recognized the style.

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Spacefaring Worms Live Longer

Want to live longer? The good news is that all you have to do is move about 50 miles. The bad news? Straight up into space.

That is, if these scientific findings on the nematode C. elegans hold true for humans:

Spacefaring worms undergo genetic changes associated with longer lives in their Earth-bound cousins, research has shown.

A number of Caenorhabditis elegans worms were carried aboard a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) and brought back for study.

Researchers found reduced activity of five genes in the worms that, when suppressed in the species on Earth, lead to longer lifetimes.

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Energy training scheme benefiting just one in six applicants

Scottish Liberal Democrat MSP Mike Rumbles today said that the SNP need to take their head out of the sand on the economic challenges facing the North East as answers to Parliamentary Questions showed fewer than one in six energy workers who had registered interest in a £12 million flagship retraining scheme have received support.

The Scottish Government said that around 300 of more than 1900 people who had registered interest had received offers of support through the Transition Training Fund (TTF).

The answers also suggested that the Scottish Government do not know how many energy jobs have been lost in the region.

Commenting, Mr Rumbles said:

“There are very few people in Aberdeen and other parts of the North East who have been unaffected by the energy jobs crisis in one way or another. We need concrete action from the Scottish Government to help people find work. It is time that the SNP took their head out of the sand.

“The TTF was announced with a blaze of publicity but the hard truth is that money does not seem to be going where it is needed. It took months for a website to be set up to help people find information on the TTF and fewer than one in six of those contacting the scheme are getting the help they require. Meanwhile, we have seen North Sea decommissioning contracts awarded to companies outside of Scotland and businesses are warning of more job losses to come.

“The North East has been the engine of the Scottish economy for years. Now that things are more challenging, we need to see the Scottish Government do their job and support our local economy. It is staggering that Ministers do not even seem to have an estimate of the total number of job losses that we have seen in the North East. A hands off approach is the last thing we need.”

Notes to Editors:

In response from a written parliamentary question from Mr Rumbles on training schemes for energy workers, Paul Wheelhouse MSP said:

“The Transition Training Fund was announced by the First Minister on 1 February, which provides an opportunity for workers at risk of redundancy, or who have lost their jobs, from the oil & gas sector to retrain and redeploy. Since the Fund was announced, over 1,900 individuals have registered interest in the Fund, with over 300 individuals receiving offers of financial support for training courses from this group, thus far.”

Mr Rumbles also asked for a monthly breakdown of energy redundancies in the North East in each of the last six months. The response from Mr Wheelhouse stated:

“The Scottish Government continues to monitor the impact that low oil prices are having on the oil and gas industry and its wider supply chain, and the impact on the North East of Scotland in particular. Official redundancy figures are produced by the Office for National Statistics via the Labour Force Survey, however this source is based on a sample survey and it is not possible to reliably produce estimates for smaller geographic areas within Scotland or industry sectors.”

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Figures show rise in measles cases

The latest provisional figures from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) show that there has been an increase in the number of cases of measles in England and Wales.

A total of 1,348 cases of measles were confirmed in England and Wales in 2008, up from 990 cases in 2007.

The figures are all the more worrying when compared with those from 1998 and 1999, when just 56 cases and 92 cases were confirmed respectively.

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Dr Mary Ramsay, an immunisation expert at the HPA, said that the latest figures were 'very worrying'.

'Last year saw the highest number of cases since the current method of monitoring the disease was introduced in 1995,' she confirmed.

'What is so alarming is that the majority of these cases could have been prevented as most were in children who were not fully protected with MMR,' the expert noted.

However, Dr Ramsay welcomed the fact that more parents are now recognising the importance of the MMR jab, with more than four fifths of children now receiving one dose of the vaccine before their second birthday.

While measles usually affects children, an ongoing outbreak of the disease in Vietnam among adults who were not vaccinated 20 to 30 years ago has highlighted the fact that people can be affected in later life if they did not receive protection as children.ADNFCR-554-ID-19012933-ADNFCR

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