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Crime in the United States

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United States
Crime rates* (2017)
Violent crimes
Aggravated assault248.9
Total violent crime382.9
Property crimes
Motor vehicle theft237.4
Total property crime2,362.2

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.

 Estimated total population: 325,719,178.
In 2013 the FBI modified the definition of rape.

Source: Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1998–2017 (Table 1)
Police vehicles in the USA

Crime in the United States has been recorded since colonization. Crime rates have varied over time, with a sharp rise after 1900, reaching a broad bulging peak between the 1970s and early 1990s. Since then, crime has declined significantly.[1]

Statistics on specific crimes are indexed in the annual Uniform Crime Reports by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and by annual National Crime Victimization Surveys by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.[2] In addition to the primary Uniform Crime Report known as Crime in the United States, the FBI publishes annual reports on the status of law enforcement in the United States.[3] The report's definitions of specific crimes are considered standard by many American law enforcement agencies.[4] According to the FBI, index crime in the United States includes violent crime and property crime.[5] Violent crime consists of five criminal offenses: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and gang violence; property crime consists of burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.[5]

Crime over time[edit]

Property crime rates in the United States per 100,000 population beginning in 1960. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

In the long term, violent crime in the United States has been in decline since colonial times. The homicide rate has been estimated to be over 30 per 100,000 people in 1700, dropping to under 20 by 1800, and to under 10 by 1900.[6]

After World War II, crime rates increased in the United States, peaking from the 1970s to the early-1990s. Violent crime nearly quadrupled between 1960 and its peak in 1991. Property crime more than doubled over the same period. Since the 1990s, however, contrary to common misconception,[7] crime in the United States has declined steadily. Several theories have been proposed to explain this decline:

  • The number of police officers increased considerably in the 1990s.[8]
  • On September 16, 1994, President Bill Clinton signed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act into law. Under the act, over $30 billion in federal aid was spent over a six-year period to improve state and local law enforcement, prisons and crime prevention programs.[9] Proponents of the law, including the President, touted it as a lead contributor to the sharp drop in crime which occurred throughout the 1990s,[9] while critics have dismissed it as an unprecedented federal boondoggle.[9]
    Total incarceration in the United States by year
  • The prison population has rapidly increased since the mid-1970s.[8]
  • Starting in the mid-1980s, the crack-cocaine market grew rapidly before declining again a decade later. Some authors have pointed towards the link between violent crimes and crack use.[8]
  • Legalized abortion reduced the number of children born to mothers in difficult circumstances, and difficult childhood makes children more likely to become criminals.[10]
  • The changing demographics of an aging population has been cited for the drop in overall crime.[11]
  • Rising income[12]
  • The introduction of the data-driven policing practice CompStat significantly reduced crimes in cities that adopted it.[12]
  • The lead-crime hypothesis suggests reduced lead exposure as the cause; Scholar Mark A.R. Kleiman writes: "Given the decrease in lead exposure among children since the 1980s and the estimated effects of lead on crime, reduced lead exposure could easily explain a very large proportion—certainly more than half—of the crime decrease of the 1994–2004 period. A careful statistical study relating local changes in lead exposure to local crime rates estimates the fraction of the crime decline due to lead reduction as greater than 90 percent.[13]
  • The quality and extent of use of security technology both increased around the time of the crime decline, after which the rate of car theft declined; this may have caused rates of other crimes to decline as well.[14]
  • Increased rates of immigration to the United States[15][16]

Violent crime rates (per 100,000) in the United States (1960-2016):[17][18]

Property crime rates (per 100,000) in the United States (1960–2016):[17][18]

Each state has a set of statutes enforceable within its own borders. A state has no jurisdiction outside of its borders, even though still in the United States. It must request extradition from the state in which the suspect has fled. In 2014, there were 186,873 felony suspects outside specific states jurisdiction against whom no extradition would be sought. Philadelphia has about 20,000 of these since it is near a border with four other states. Extradition is estimated to cost a few hundred dollars per case.[19]

Analysis of arrest data from California indicates that the most common causes of felony arrest are for violent offenses such as robbery and assault, property offenses such as burglary and auto theft, and drug offenses. For misdemeanors, the most common causes of arrest were traffic offenses, most notably impaired driving, drug offenses, and failure to appear in court. Other common causes of misdemeanor arrest included assault and battery and minor property offenses such as petty theft.[20]

Characteristics of offenders[edit]

Violent crime rates by gender 1973–2003

For 2012, law enforcement made approximately 12,200,000 arrests nationally, down 200,000 from 2011.[21][22] Arrested offenders in the United States tend to be male,[23][24] over age 18,[25][26] and white, mirroring the general population. Based on a comparison with race and ethnicity data from the 2010 Census, blacks are arrested for more crimes than average, Native Americans are arrested for slightly more crimes than average, whites are arrested for slightly fewer crimes than average, and Asians and Pacific Islanders are arrested for fewer crimes than average.[27][28]

Arrested offenders by race (2012)[27]
Year White and Hispanic Black American Indian or
Alaskan Native
Asian or
Pacific Islander
2012 6,502,919 2,640,067 135,165 112,322
As a % of population[29][30] 223,553,265 (2.9%) 38,929,319 (6.8%) 2,932,248 (4.6%) 15,214,265 (0.7%)
% of total crime 69.3% 28.1% 1.4% 1.2%
Arrested offenders by gender (2012)[23]
Year Male Female Male (%) Female (%)
2012 6,972,023 2,474,637 73.8 26.2
US homicide convictions by race, 1980–2008[31]

Characteristics of offenders vary from the average for specific types of crimes and specific crimes. In terms of violent crime by gender, in 2011, 80.4% of arrested persons were male and 19.6% were female.[24] Males were 88.2% of those arrested for homicide, while females were 11.8%.[24] Among those arrested for rape in 2011, males were 98.8% and females were 1.2%.[24] For property crime in 2011, 62.9% of arrested persons were male and 37.1% were female.[24]

For violent crime by race in 2011, 59.4% of those arrested were white, 38.3% were black, and 2.2% were of other races.[28] For persons arrested for homicide in 2011, 49.7% were black, 48% were white, and 2.3% were of other races.[28] For persons arrested for rape in 2011, 65% were white, 32.9% were black, and 2.1% were of other races.[28] For property crime in 2011, 68.1% of arrested persons were white, 29.5% were black, and 2.4% were of other races.[28]

In 2011, law enforcement reported 6,222 bias-motivated incidents, known as hate crimes, for which 5,731 offenders were identified.[32] Of these, 59% were white, 20.9% were black, 7.1% were of various races, 1.4% were Asian or Pacific Islanders, 0.8% were Native American, and 10.8% were of unknown race.[32]

Crime victimology[edit]

This graph shows the homicide victimization rate for whites and blacks, according to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics.[31]

In 2011, surveys indicated more than 5.8 million violent victimizations and 17.1 million property victimizations took place in the United States; according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, each property victimization corresponded to one household, while violent victimizations is the number of victims of a violent crime.[33]

Patterns are found within the victimology of crime in the United States. Overall, males, people with lower incomes, those younger than 25, and non-whites were more likely to report being the victim of crime.[33] Income, gender, and age had the most dramatic effect on the chances of a person being victimized by crime, while the characteristic of race depended upon the crime being committed.[33]

In terms of gender, males were more likely to become crime victims than were females,[34] with 79% percent of all murder victims being male. Males were twice as likely to be carjacked as females.[34] In terms of income, households with a 2008 income of less than $15,000 were significantly more likely to have their homes burglarized.[34]

Concerning age, those younger than twenty-five were more likely to fall victim to crime, especially violent crime.[35] The chances of being victimized by violent crime decreased far more substantially with age than the chances of becoming the victim of property crime.[35] For example, 3.03% of crimes committed against a young person were theft, while 20% of crimes committed against an elderly person were theft.[35]

Bias motivation reports showed that of the 7,254 hate crimes reported in 2011, 47.7% (3,465) were motivated by race, with 72% (2,494) of race-motivated incidents being anti-black.[32] In addition, 20.8% (1,508) of hate crimes were motivated by sexual orientation, with 57.8% (871) of orientation-motivated incidents being anti-male homosexual.[32] The third largest motivation factor for hate crime was religion, representing 18.2% (1,318) incidents, with 62.2% (820) of religion-motivated incidents being anti-Jewish.[32]

As of 2007, violent crime against homeless people is increasing.[36]

The likelihood of falling victim to crime relates to both demographic and geographic characteristics.[1] Overall, men, minorities, the young, and those in urban areas are more likely to be crime victims.[1] The likelihood of perpetrating crime also relates to demography.

In 2010, according to the UNODC, 67.5% of all homicides in the United States were perpetrated using a firearm.[37] The costliest crime in terms of impact on victims, and the most underreported crime is rape, in the United States.[38][39]

A map of U.S. states by incarceration rate under state prison jurisdiction (but excluding jail and federal prison inmates) per 100,000 population.
As of 2001, the lifetime likelihood of ever going to prison for various demographic groups, by percentages
Felony Sentences in State Courts, study by the United States Department of Justice.

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world (which includes pre-trial detainees and sentenced prisoners).[40] As of 2009, 2.3 million people were incarcerated in the United States, including federal and state prisons and local jails, creating an incarceration rate of 793 persons per 100,000 of national population.[40] During 2011, 1.6 million people were incarcerated under the jurisdiction of federal and state authorities.[41] At the end of 2011, 492 persons per 100,000 U.S. residents were incarcerated in federal and state prisons.[41] Of the 1.6 million state and federal prisoners, nearly 1.4 million people were under state jurisdiction, while 215,000 were under federal jurisdiction.[41] Demographically, nearly 1.5 million prisoners were male, and 115,000 were female, while 581,000 prisoners were black, 516,000 were white, and 350,000 were Hispanic.[41]

Among the 1.35 million sentenced state prisoners in 2011, 725,000 people were incarcerated for violent crimes, 250,000 were incarcerated for property crimes, 237,000 people were incarcerated for drug crimes, and 150,000 were incarcerated for other offenses.[41] Of the 200,000 sentenced federal prisoners in 2011, 95,000 were incarcerated for drug crimes, 69,000 were incarcerated for public order offenses, 15,000 were incarcerated for violent crimes, and 11,000 were incarcerated for property crimes.[41]

International comparison[edit]

The manner in which America's crime rate compared to other countries of similar wealth and development depends on the nature of the crime used in the comparison.[42] Overall crime statistic comparisons are difficult to conduct, as the definition and categorization of crimes varies across countries. Thus an agency in a foreign country may include crimes in its annual reports which the United States omits, and vice versa.

However, some countries such as Canada have similar definitions of what constitutes a violent crime, and nearly all countries had the same definition of the characteristics that constitutes a homicide.[citation needed] Overall the total crime rate of the United States is higher than developed countries, specifically Europe, with South American countries and Russia being the exceptions.[43] Some types of reported property crime in the U.S. survey as lower than in Germany or Canada, yet the homicide rate in the United States is substantially higher as is the prison population.

Violent crime[edit]

The reported U.S. violent crime rate includes murder, rape and sexual assault, robbery, and assault,[44] whereas the Canadian violent crime rate includes all categories of assault, including Assault level 1 (i.e., assault not using a weapon and not resulting in serious bodily harm).[45][46] A Canadian government study concluded that direct comparison of the two countries' violent crime totals or rates was "inappropriate".[47]

France does not count minor violence such as punching or slapping as assault, whereas Austria, Germany, and Finland do count such occurrences.[48]

The United Kingdom similarly has different definitions of what constitutes violent crime compared to the United States, making a direct comparison of the overall figure flawed. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports defines a "violent crime" as one of four specific offenses: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. The British Home Office, by contrast, has a different definition of violent crime, including all "crimes against the person," including simple assaults, all robberies, and all "sexual offenses," as opposed to the FBI, which only counts aggravated assaults and "forcible rapes."[49]

Crime rates are necessarily altered by averaging neighborhood higher or lower local rates over a larger population which includes the entire city. Having small pockets of dense crime may lower a city's average crime rate.

Police-recorded violent crime rates per 100,000 population, 2012[50]
Country Homicide Rape Robbery Assault
Australia 1.2 91.9 18 327
Germany 0.8 8.9 60 630
England/Wales 1.1 27.7 137 730
Scotland 1.6 17.0 48 1487
US 5.0 28.6 133 241
Sweden 1.0 58.6 103 927

The historical homicide rate in the U.S. from 1900–2001

According to a 2013 report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), between 2005 and 2012, the average homicide rate in the U.S. was 4.9 per 100,000 inhabitants compared to the average rate globally, which was 6.2. However, the U.S. had much higher murder rates compared to four other selected "developed countries", which all had average homicide rates of 0.8 per 100,000.[43] In 2004, there were 5.5 homicides for every 100,000 persons, roughly three times as high as Canada (1.9) and six times as high as Germany and Italy (0.9).[51][45] A closer look at The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data indicates that per capita homicide rates over the last 30 plus years on average, of major cities, New Orleans' average annual per capita homicide rate of 52 murders per 100,000 people overall (1980–2012) is the highest of U.S. cities with average annual homicide totals that were among the top 10 highest during the same period.

In 2018, the US murder rate was 5.0 per 100,000, for a total of 15,498 murders.[52]

Country Singapore Iceland Armenia United States Moldova South Sudan Panama
Homicide rate (per hundred thousand) in 2012
(international methodology)[43]
0.2 0.5 1.7 5.1 5.2 12 53.1

In the United States, the number of homicides where the victim and offender relationship was undetermined has been increasing since 1999 but has not reached the levels experienced in the early 1990s. In 14% of all murders, the victim and the offender were strangers. Spouses and family members made up about 15% of all victims, about one-third of the victims were acquaintances of the assailant, and the victim and offender relationship was undetermined in over one-third of homicides. Gun involvement in homicides were gang-related homicides which increased after 1980, homicides that occurred during the commission of a felony which increased from 55% in 1985 to 77% in 2005, homicides resulting from arguments which declined to the lowest levels recorded recently, and homicides resulting from other circumstances which remained relatively constant. Because gang killing has become a normal part of inner cities, many including police hold preconceptions about the causes of death in inner cities. When a death is labeled gang-related it lowers the chances that it will be investigated and increases the chances that the perpetrator will remain at large. In addition, victims of gang killings often determine the priority a case will be given by police. Jenkins (1988) argues that many serial murder cases remain unknown to police and that cases involving Black offenders and victims are especially likely to escape official attention.[53]

According to the FBI, "When the race of the offender was known, 53.0 percent were black, 44.7 percent were white, and 2.3 percent were of other races. The race was unknown for 4,132 offenders. (Based on Expanded Homicide Data Table 3). Of the offenders for whom gender was known, 88.2 percent were male."[54] According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, from 1980 to 2008, 84 percent of white homicide victims were killed by white offenders and 93 percent of black homicide victims were killed by black offenders.[31]

Gun violence[edit]

Map of civilian guns per capita by country to the "Small Arms Survey 2007"[55]

The United States has the highest rate of civilian gun ownership per capita.[55][56][57] According to the CDC, between 1999 and 2014 there have been 185,718 homicides from use of a firearm and 291,571 suicides using a firearm.[58] Despite a significant increase in the sales of firearms since 1994, the US has seen a drop in the annual rate of homicides using a firearm from 7.0 per 100,000 population in 1993 to 3.6 per 100,000.[59] In the ten years between 2000 and 2009, the ATF reported 37,372,713 clearances for purchase, however, in the four years between 2010 and 2013, the ATF reported 31,421,528 clearances.[60]

Property crime[edit]

The burglary rates of selected industrialized countries as published by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics

According to a 2004 study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, looking at the period from 1981 to 1999, the United States had a lower surveyed residential burglary rate in 1998 than Scotland, England, Canada, the Netherlands, and Australia. The other two countries included in the study, Sweden and Switzerland, had only slightly lower burglary rates. For the first nine years of the study period the same surveys of the public showed only Australia with rates higher than the United States. The authors noted various problems in doing the comparisons including infrequent data points. (The United States performed five surveys from 1995 to 1999 when its rate dipped below Canada's, while Canada ran a single telephone survey during that period for comparison.)[42]

Crimes against children[edit]

Violence against children from birth to adolescence is considered a "global phenomenon that takes many forms (physical, sexual, emotional), and occurs in many settings, including the home, school, community, care, and justice systems, and over the Internet."[61]

According to a 2001 report from UNICEF, the United States has the highest rate of deaths from child abuse and neglect of any industrialized nation, at 2.4 per 100,000 children; France has 1.4, Japan 1, UK 0.9 and Germany 0.8. According to the US Department of Health, the state of Texas has the highest death rate, at 4.1 per 100,000 children, New York has 2.5, Oregon 1.5 and New Hampshire 0.4. [62] A 2018 report from the Congressional Research Service stated, at the national level, violent crime and homicide rates have increased each year from 2014 to 2016.[63]

In 2016, data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) revealed that approximately 1,750 children died from either abuse or neglect; further, this is a continuing trend with an increasing 7.4% of crimes against children from 2012 to 2016 and these statistics can be compared to a rate of 2.36 children per 100,000 children in the United States general population.[64] In addition, 44.2% of these 2016 statistics are specific to physical abuse towards a child.[64]

A 2016 report from the Child Welfare Information Gateway also showed that 78% of the main perpetrators of violence against children in the United States are caused by a parent.

Human trafficking[edit]

Human trafficking is categorized into the following three groups: (1) sex trafficking; (2) sex and labor trafficking; and (3) labor trafficking; In addition, the rate of domestic minor sex trafficking has exponentially increased over the years. Sex trafficking of children also referred to as commercial sexual exploitation of children, is categorized by the following forms: pornography, prostitution, child sex tourism, and child marriage. Profiles of traffickers and types of trafficking differ in the way victims are abducted, how they are treated, and the reason for the abduction.

According to a 2017 report from the National Human Trafficking Hotline (NHTH), out of 10,615 reported survivors of sex trafficking, 2,762 of those survivors were minors.[65]

The U.S. Department of Justice defines Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) as a range of crimes and activities involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of a child for the financial benefit of any person or in exchange for anything of value (including monetary and non-monetary benefits) given or received by any person. These crimes against children, which may occur at any time or place, rob them of their childhood and are extremely detrimental to their emotional and psychological development.[66]

Types of human sex trafficking[edit]

In Pimp-controlled trafficking, the pimp typically is the only trafficker involved who has full physical, psychological and emotional control over the victim. In Gang-controlled trafficking, a large group of people has power over the victim, forcing the victim to take part in illegal or violent tasks for the purpose of obtaining drugs. Another form is called Familial trafficking, which differs the most from the two mentioned above because the victim is typically not abducted. Instead, the victim is forced into being sexually exploited by family members in exchange for something of monetary value, whether that's paying back debt, or obtaining drugs or money. This type of sexual exploitation tends to be the most difficult to detect, yet remains as the most prevalent form of human sex trafficking within the United States.[66]

In 2009, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reported that the average age when children first fall victim to CSEC is between ages 12 and 14. However, this age has become increasingly younger due to exploiters' fear of contracting HIV or AIDS from older victims.[66]

In 2018, the Office of Public Affairs within the Department of Justice released a report from operation "Broken Heart" conducted by Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) task forces, stating that more than 2,300 suspected online child sex offenders were arrested on the following allegations:[67]

  1. produce, distribute, receive and possess child pornography
  2. engage in online enticement of children for sexual purposes
  3. engage in the sex trafficking of children
  4. travel across state lines or to foreign countries and sexually abuse children

In addition, a 2011 report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics described the characteristics of suspected human trafficking incidents, identifying roughly 95% of victims as female and over half as 17 years old or younger.[66]

Geography of crime[edit]

Crime rates vary in the United States depending on the type of community.[68] Within metropolitan statistical areas, both violent and property crime rates are higher than the national average; in cities located outside metropolitan areas, violent crime was lower than the national average, while property crime was higher.[68] For rural areas, both property and violent crime rates were lower than the national average.[68]

California Attorney General Kamala Harris announced the arrest of 101 gang members on June 8, 2011

For regional comparisons, the FBI divides the United States into four regions: Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.[69] For 2011, the region with the lowest violent crime was the Midwest, with a rate of 349.9 per 100,000 residents, while the region with the highest violent crime rate was the South, with a rate of 428.8 per 100,000.[69] For 2011, the region with the lowest property crime rate was the Northeast, with a rate of 2,121.8 per 100,000 residents, while the region with the highest property crime rate was the South, with a rate of 3,370.8 per 100,000.[69]

Crime rates vary among U.S. states.[70] In 2011, the state with the lowest violent crime rate was Maine, with a rate of 123.2 per 100,000 residents, while the state with the highest violent crime rate was Tennessee, with a rate of 608.2 per 100,000.[70] However, the District of Columbia, the U.S. capital district, had a violent crime rate of 1,202.1 per 100,000 in 2011.[70] In 2011, the state with the highest property crime rate was South Carolina, with a rate of 3,904.2 per 100,000, while the state with the lowest property crime rate was South Dakota, with a rate of 1,817.7 per 100,000.[70] However, Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, had a property crime rate of 1,395.2 per 100,000 in 2011.[70]

Metropolitan areas[edit]

Crime in metropolitan statistical areas tends to be above the national average; however, wide variance exists among and within metropolitan areas.[71] Some responding jurisdictions report very low crime rates, while others have considerably higher rates; these variations are due to many factors beyond population.[71] FBI crime statistics publications strongly caution against comparison rankings of cities, counties, metropolitan statistical areas, and other reporting units without considering factors other than simply population.[71] For 2011, the metropolitan statistical area with the highest violent crime rate was the Memphis metropolitan area, with a rate of 980.4 per 100,000 residents, while the metropolitan statistical area with the lowest violent crime rate was Logan metropolitan area, with a rate of 47.7.[72][73]

It is quite common for crime in American cities to be highly concentrated in a few, often economically disadvantaged areas. For example, San Mateo County, California had a population of approximately 707,000 and 17 homicides in 2001. Six of these 17 homicides took place in poor East Palo Alto, which had a population of roughly 30,000. So, while East Palo Alto accounted for a mere 4.2% of the population, about one-third of the homicides took place there.[74]

Crime in ten largest metropolitan areas (2011)[72][73]
Metropolitan statistical area Violent crime rate Property crime rate
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA 406.0 1744.1
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA 405.4 2232.7
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA 357.2 2791.5
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA 358.4 3498.5
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA 550.8 3576.9
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA 532.3 2747.3
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA 334.6 2386.0
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA 596.7 4193.3
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA 400.9 3552.0
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA 374.7 2109.0

Number and growth of criminal laws[edit]

There are conflicting opinions on the number of federal crimes,[75][76] but many have argued that there has been explosive growth and it has become overwhelming.[77][78][79] In 1982, the U.S. Justice Department could not come up with a number, but estimated 3,000 crimes in the United States Code.[75][76][80] In 1998, the American Bar Association (ABA) said that it was likely much higher than 3,000, but didn't give a specific estimate.[75][76] In 2008, the Heritage Foundation published a report that put the number at a minimum of 4,450.[76] When staff for a task force of the U.S. House Judiciary Committee asked the Congressional Research Service (CRS) to update its 2008 calculation of criminal offenses in the United States Code in 2013, the CRS responded that they lack the manpower and resources to accomplish the task.[81]

See also[edit]

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  32. ^ a b c d e "Hate Crime Statistics, Offenders". FBI. 2011.
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  34. ^ a b c Bureau of Justice Statistics (September 2009). "Criminal Victimization, 2008" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
  35. ^ a b c Bureau of Justice Statistics. "Criminal Victimization, 2005". U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original on September 26, 2006.
  36. ^ Lewan, Todd, "Unprovoked Beatings of Homeless Soaring", Associated Press, April 8, 2007.
  37. ^ Homicides by firearms UNODC. Retrieved: July 28, 2012.
  38. ^ "Statistics". Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  39. ^ "Rape and Sexual Assault". Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  40. ^ a b R. Walmsley (May 2011). "World Prison Population List" (PDF). International Centre for Prison Studies.[permanent dead link]
  41. ^ a b c d e f Bureau of Justice Statistics (December 2012). "Prisoners in 2011" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice.
  42. ^ a b "National Crime Rates Compared". Archived from the original on November 15, 2006. Retrieved September 29, 2006.
  43. ^ a b c UNODC (2014). "Global Study on Homicide 2013" (PDF). United Nations publication. ISBN 978-92-1-054205-0. Sales No. 14.IV.1. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  44. ^ "Violent Crime". United States Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  45. ^ a b "BKA, German federal crime statistics 2004 (German)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2006.
  46. ^ "Crime in Canada, Canada Statistics". Archived from the original on August 6, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  47. ^ Feasibility Study on Crime Comparisons Between Canada and the United States Maire Gannon, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, Cat. no. 85F0035XIE, Accessed June 28, 2009
  48. ^ European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics 2010, Fourth edition,
  49. ^ "By the Numbers: Is the UK really 5 times more violent than the US?". The Skeptical Libertarian. January 12, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  50. ^ "Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries" (PDF). Civitas. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  51. ^ "Crime in Canada, Canada Statistics". Archived from the original on August 28, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2006.
  52. ^ "FBI: Uniform Crime Report 2018".
  53. ^ Jenkins, P. (1988). "Myth and murder: the serial killer panic of 1983–1985", Criminal Justice Research Bulletin. 3(11) 1–7.
  54. ^ "FBI – Expanded Homicide Data – 2014". Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
  55. ^ a b Keith Krause; Eric G. Berman, eds. (August 2007). "Small Arms Survey 2007 – Chapter 2. Completing the Count: Civilian Firearms". Geneva, Switzerland: Small Arms Survey. Retrieved June 20, 2013.
  56. ^ Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross; Martin Killias; Urs Hepp; Erika Gadola; Matthias Bopp; Christoph Lauber; Ulrich Schnyder; Felix Gutzwiller; Wulf Rössler (October 2006). "Firearm suicides and the availability of firearms: analysis of longitudinal international data". Am J Public Health. Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, US. 96: 1752–5. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.075812. PMC 1586136. PMID 16946021.
  57. ^ Killias, Martin (August 1993). "Gun Ownership, Suicide and Homicide: An International Perspective". Understanding Crime Experiences of Crime and Crime Control (PDF). Acts of the International Conference, Rome, November 18–20, 1992. Publication No. 49. United Nations Publication, Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI). pp. 289–302. Sales No. E.93.III.N.2; NCJ 146360. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  58. ^ "CDC WISQARS Fatal Injury Reports, National and Regional, 1999–2014". Atlanta, GA: US Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  59. ^ Max Ehrenfreund (December 3, 2015). "We've had a massive decline in gun violence in the United States. Here's why". Washington, DC: Washington Post. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  60. ^ "Firearms Commerce in the United States: Annual Statistical Update 2015". Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. March 15, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  61. ^ "UNICEF Annual Report 2017". UNICEF. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  62. ^ BBCAmerica's child death shame, October 17, 2011
  63. ^ James, Nathan (October 29, 2015). "Is Violent Crime in the United States Increasing?". Digital Library. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  64. ^ a b "Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities 2016: Statistics and Interventions – Child Welfare Information Gateway". Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  65. ^ "2017 Hotline Statistics". Polaris. March 12, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  66. ^ a b c d "Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, OJJDP". Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, OJJDP. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
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  68. ^ a b c "Crime in the United States by Community Type". FBI. 2011.
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  71. ^ a b c "Caution Against Ranking". FBI. 2011.
  72. ^ a b "Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area". FBI. 2011.
  73. ^ a b Data collection methodology for Chicago for forcible rape did not align with FBI standards so its metropolitan statistical area violent crime rate was not reported.
  74. ^ "Crime in San Mateo County in 2001, US Bureau of Justice Statistics". Retrieved September 27, 2006.[permanent dead link]
  75. ^ a b c Fields, Gary; Emshwiller, John R. (July 23, 2011). "Many Failed Efforts to Count Nation's Federal Criminal Laws". The Wall Street Journal.
  76. ^ a b c d Baker, John S. (June 16, 2008), Revisiting the Explosive Growth of Federal Crimes, The Heritage Foundation
  77. ^ Fields, Gary; Emshwiller, John R. (July 23, 2011). "As Criminal Laws Proliferate, More Are Ensnared". The Wall Street Journal.
  78. ^ Neil, Martha (June 14, 2013). "ABA leader calls for streamlining of 'overwhelming' and 'often ineffective' federal criminal law". ABA Journal.
  79. ^ Savage, David G. (January 1, 1999). "Rehnquist Urges Shorter List of Federal Crimes". Los Angeles Times.
  80. ^ Weiss, Debra Cassens (July 25, 2011). "Federal Laws Multiply: Jail Time for Misappropriating Smokey Bear Image?". ABA Journal.
  81. ^ 26 million recorded crimes on average a year in the US. Ruger, Todd (June 14, 2013), "Way Too Many Criminal Laws, Lawyers Tell Congress", Blog of Legal Times, ALM

Further reading[edit]

  • Patrick Sharkey (2018). Uneasy Peace: The Great Crime Decline, the Renewal of City Life, and the Next War on Violence. ISBN 978-0393609608.
  • Webster, DW & Vernick, JS (2013). Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.

External links[edit]


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Pensions Commission

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Pensions Commission was a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom, reporting to the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, set up to keep under review the regime for UK private pensions and long-term savings.

The commission was announced in the Pensions Green Paper published in December 2002. It consisted of three Commissioners and a small secretariat. The chair was Adair Turner, the other members were John Hills and Jeannie Drake. The Commission has now reported and been wound up.

A more recent Pensions Commission was set up chaired by John Hutton.

The Commission was responsible for looking at how the pension system was developing over time and for making recommendations on whether the pension system should move beyond the current voluntarist approach.

The Commission published its First Report on 12 October 2004, setting out a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the UK pensions system. Their Second Report, published on 30 November 2005, presented its conclusions on the likely evolution of the UK pension system if policy remained unchanged, and the Commission's recommendations for a new policy direction. A final statement was published on 4 April 2006, detailing its response to specific issues which had arisen in the debate on pension reform since publication of the Second Report.[1]

The Commission's reports are often collectively referred to as the Turner Report.[2][3]

External links[edit]

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text:
Wilcox Story told by Sydney Wilcox in 1938

STORY AS TOLD BY SIDNEY WILCOX, ELDEST SON OF GEORGE WILCOX & elder brother of George Seaborn, TO ALAN WILCOX (his nephew) May, 1938.

The cabin that George and Annie Wilcox had on the first voyage of the ship to Adelaide in 1864 is not known.

Cabin No.2 was occupied by George and Annie Wilcox with children, Edith, Sidney and Nellie, on voyage to England, which began September 1872, round Cape Horn. The passage taking 140 days to Plymouth.

The ship was to have gone by way of Cape of Good Hope, but the winds would not allow of it, and the ship having drifted so far South, the Captain decided to go by Cape Horn.

George Wilcox, the second son, was born in Cabin No.2, on 30th January 1873, just off the Scilly Isles.

On this voyage George Wilcox had hired Cabins 4 and 6, which he had fitted up with cages for thousands of Shell Parrots, Spotted Love Birds, Blue and Red Finches, Galahs and White and Yellow Crested Cockatoos. Two tons of seeds were loaded to feed them on, and special provisions had to be made for drinking water for them.

I do remember, though I was only 6 1/4 - 6 1/2 years old, helping to feed and water the birds, and clean the cages. A quantity of sand had also been placed on board to keep the cages decently clean.

When we arrived off Land's End, Father decided with others, to leave the ship and land at Penzance in Cornwall, by the Pilot boat, taking train to London in order to sell his birds before the ship arrived at the dock - he took me with him.

In those days it was 48 hours to London and another 6 or 7 hours to St. Neots where his family lived. Anyway, about 3 nights on the way, little "Jimmy" was pretty grimed and black by the time he got to grandmother in St. Neots. She shoved him into a hot bath and soaped him - in a moment or two she rushed out calling "Joe! Joe! the child is as white as our own, not the nigger we expected."

That saved the other kids, Ede, Nell and George, from being dubbed the same - "Australian Niggers."

Well, carrying the story along, Father had very few friends left in England, it was cold to him, ugly cold and dreary to us children all crying out for the sunshine.

It was decided Mother and the four children should return to Adelaide in the ship "City of Adelaide" at the end of May 1874. The ship was stranded on the coast at Kirkaldy Beach, now called Henley Beach, on the night of 24th August, 1874. Passengers were taken off after 48 hours by tender.

Father had arrived earlier by P.& O. Mail, and was on the beach at 10am 25th August, 1874, but of course could not help.

We went to lodgings in Augas Street, and about the end of September got a 2 story semi-detached house near the corner of South Terrace, East, and Hanson St., South East.

There Murray was born November 9th, 1874. Ede was then 9 1/2 years old, I (Sidney) 8 1/4, Nell 6 11/12, George 1 10/12 years.

At the time of Murray's birth, father was in bed very ill with Bright's Disease. George, your father (George)was also in bed very ill with what today might be called Infantile Paralysis (Poliomyelitis). Matters were not too flourishing at that time, and it meant the usual old monthly nurse for mother had to look after father as well as she could with only a bit of general help from a girl.

Ede (9 1/2) had to take your father George, and mother him, and she did it well. I, (Sidney) (8 1/4) had to take Murray and do the best I could, and of all the pesky kids that ever came into the world, well "Nip" was that one. Poor little beggar, he could not help all of that, it was his bad luck to appear on the state at that time. I have often wondered why I did not drop him on the brick floor of the kitchen, when he had a pesky fit and break, his neck to quieten the nuisance.

For 2 years or more, Ede and I did not have much of a childhood in such a hurly-burly.

Nell of course could push a go-cart, but in those days it was a double side-by-side seat pram, pretty heavy, and I think Nell was a bit of a sticker. Anyhow, she used to land "Nip" a few heavy ones, and he never cared much for Nell. I dare say I might have landed him some also. You see as time went on, George and I, being closer in years, palled up, and rather drifted away from the 3 older ones. There were constant scraps.

Mother suffered a good deal from Asthma, South Terrace evidently was not a healthy site for any of us, so in 1881 we moved to our big old house "Eynesbury" at Lower Mitcham. There Mother was a good deal better till she died of heart trouble in April 1897.

1890 - 1917

Father (George Snr) was troubled with his Brights Disease up to about 1890 and it seemed to be easier then for some years. He later in 1905 developed "Phlebitis" in both legs and gradually suffered increasingly very great pain till he died September 5th, 1917, two years after your own father died, July 14th, 1915. I often found him at his desk with streaming eyes, but nothing could be done,

Now about ANCESTRAL HISTORY. The tradition of the family is they Were "Huguenot" of the name of "Villon" silk weavers from Lyons in France, then Leon. They settled in Spittalfields, London, where the Silkies congregated.

The name "Villon" gradually became corrupted or Anglicised to "Wiliox", "Willcocks", "Wilcox."

We skip a long period now, however one of the descendants was a Joseph Willcocks, who married the only daughter of William Jennens (Jennings) by his second wife. William Jennens was reputed to be a very wealthy Coal Merchant of Manchester, and was dubbed "Solomon the Magnificent" for his ostentation. He evidently was a bit of a lad, as he had run away with a girl.

(This story is a myth. The ancestor was Thomas Wilcox, a fellmonger who was married to a Mary ? See certificate of discharge)

The Jennens family was supposed to be of some note, the eldest girl of the first wife of William, married the Lord Howe of Howe Castle, Norwich. On the death of Solomon the Magnificent, the Lord Howe seized all his estate, and it's from that, that the famous case of the Jennings Millions in Chancery (made much of by Dickens) came to fame, but there was never any Jennings Estate that got into Chancery; what little there was left the Lord Howe got and put away quickly.

Your Great Aunt Sue (firstly Mrs Peppercorn, and then Mrs Gutheridge) was a great believer in this Chancery Estate, and spent a lot of money on it. It was not until I got to London in 1902 and met a Jennings of Norwich and had a good talk over it that old John Wilcox and Reg helped me to persuade her to chuck the whole job and burn all the papers and rubbish she had collected.

However, to continue, Joseph Wilcox was a bit of a lad. All we really know is that he was with Wellington in Spain - being a tailor by trade and a smart looking chap. Tradition says Wellington adopted him as personal Batman, although he had to carry his gun when needed. Tradition again says he "well dolled Wellington up for the day of Waterloo."

In those days "women followed camp", that is, common soldiers' wives followed them, and more or less did the cooking and camp work. Mrs Joseph Wilcox was there, and either the night before or the night after Waterloo, her third child William Wilcox, was born in the camp on the actual field of Waterloo. We don't know her Christian name, and we don't know where Joseph and his wife are buried. All we know is that Joseph and his wife had 3 children, Joseph born 1911, Mary born 1813, William born 1815, on Waterloo day.

William (1815) married but had no family, came to Adelaide and was in the Railway Service till he went to England in 1873/74. I just remember him as a porter who had lost an arm in the rail service, and he conducted us from the train at Port Adelaide to the ship "City of Adelaide" in 1872. Mrs William Wilcox, I don't know who she was, died first. They had adopted her niece, who got badly disfigured by the bursting of a kerosene lamp.

William left all his little fortune to a trust, to give her £1 weekly - old John Wilcox, Reg's father, was Trustee. John thought it a nuisance and as she was weakly and might die at any time, got her to agree that he should take the capital and give her £1 a week for life. She bucked up and lived many years, and John lost many hundreds over it; it all came out in 1903, when I was over there; she was still living then.

Mary (1813) was a woman of some character. She heard the owner, John Bushell, of, the Swan inn, at Leighton Buzzard Lines - had lost his wife and consequently wanted a housekeeper. She got the job and quickly married him. It was a big place that had been drifting. She re-made it and being on the old Posting Road, London-Lincoln-York, they had a mob of post horses, coaches and boys. With the advent of the railway, the Inn drifted again. She was left the remains of it when John Bushell died. She had only one child, John, he only had one child named John again, who died young with ho family.

Joseph (1811) became a tailor, and was the leader of his calling in St Neots, getting all the gentry jobs, uniforms in particular for the Dukes of Manchester and Rutland. He did very well, was a speculator in Argentine and Brazil stocks, and had a good spin. Up to mid-life he was a wowser of the first vintage in the Congregational Chapel. What cards, the theatre, a spot. On your life you daren't mention them, till one time about 1880 (he died in 1893) a new parson came to the Chapel - a very liberal minded man who bucked up the Chapel. One day he said to Old Joe, "There's a fine Shakespeare play at such and such a theatre tomorrow night, and the return fare is 2/6 (60 miles each way) Pit Seats 2/6, will you take me to it Old Joe bucked, Sally his wife came in and said "you old fool, it's time you did something, and the parson says its good. Go, you have got to go!" Joe did, and, it was about a monthly job afterwards. Then came Card parties, then 'a spot or two. Sally was a good, old sort, and a sport. She was Sarah Emery, her father was in the Howard Britannia Implement Factory. One of the family kept the "Blue Cow Inn" on the London-Bedford-Huntingdon Post road to Leicester and Manchester. It was of quite some importance in pre-rail days about 1833. They had some 12 or 14 post horses.

Joseph, as said, married Sarah Emery. They had 12 children.

Thomas, who married Priscilla Heydon had 6 children.

Emery had 4 children.

Mary, died young Nil children.

George, born 1838, married Annie Fuller in 1864 and was your Grandfather had 5 children.

Susannah, m.1 Peppercorn, m. 2 Gutheridge had Nil children.

Joseph, married Eliza Mayfield had 7 children.

Fanny, married S. Shiison had 3 children.

John, married Mary Redman had 3 children. (Reg and Frank's father)

Murray, died young Nil children.

Harry, married Crowley a Canadian had 3 children.

Ernest had 4 children.

William, not married Nil children.

This was a mob, and they came pretty quickly, one after the other, and had to be provided for.

Thomas was apprenticed to a Linen Draper and Costumier, Geord's at St. Neots, and later married one of the girls, Patricia Heydon.

Emery, nothing really known of him, but possibly followed his father as a tailor. George, apprenticed at 12 years old for 7 years to Bedells, a big Grocer at Leicester. Joseph at the age of 12 was sent to George in Gawler, South Australia. In fact he was sent out with Priscilla Heydon in about 1860 when she was on her way out to marry Thomas.

John followed his father, in St. Neots as a Tailor, till he was appointed London Agent in 1880 for my father, George (then William Mofflin and Co., in 1889 George Wilcox & Co., and 1918 Wilcox Mofflin Ltd. He moved to London in 1889.

Harry became a doctor of medicine in Dublin. Ernest was a doctor of medicine in Edinburgh.

William was a Licentiate of a Pharmacy in Lincoln with Sue's husband, Peppercorn.

Thomas was the first to come to Australia. I think in 1856, with William Barker. Barker I think came from St. Neots also. I believe old Joseph gave Thomas £500 to go into business with Barker, whether they came out together, I don't know; and why they went to Gawler, I don't know, unless Barker already had friends there.

Evidently it was not long before they got into trouble. Old Joseph sent Emery out to clean up matters. Emery was a drunk and made things worse. That would be in 1858

George (Snr) had made up his mind to come to Australia about that time his first idea was Sydney, where he had Leicester friends; Keeps, Beards, Schlenkers, Parsons. Joseph gave him a free hand to go to Gawler, and properly clean up the job, fire Thomas, Emery and Barker, and sell up. He fired the lot and found a business could be made as Gawler was the nearest big town to the city of Port Adelaide. All the traffic of the big copper mines from Burra-Burra and Kapunda had to pass through Gawler. George arrived in Melbourne late in 1858 ex the Auxiliary Steamer "Great Britain." He arrived in Adelaide in March 1859 ex coastal steamer "Admella." The "Admella" was wrecked on the next voyage near Mr. Gambier, and most of the people on board lost.

Even as early as late 1839, when George (Snr) had fired the other crew, there was talk of building the railway from Pt. Adelaide to Gawler, to catch the copper mine traffic. George could see that it would much add to the success of a general store. Having money of his own he proposed to go into full partnership with old Joseph, the firm to be J. & G. Wilcox, Merchants. That's how that started.

Emery had disappeared. Later he was heard of in Sydney where he had married. I know he had 3 daughters - 2 I think married brothers named Douglas, both in the Machine Department of Sydney Morning Herald. The son went into N.S.W. Survey Department, and was articled to Koeford, your mother's aunt's husband, then in charge of the Wagga District, and later Consul for Denmark in Sydney. Koeford spoke well of the youngster, but he did not use the name of Wilcox then, though Koeford knew of it.

Whilst Emery's children were quite young, he disappeared again, for good. He was believed to have gone to South Africa, and lost there. Why Mrs Emery and family did not continue under the Wilcox name I never heard, and I cannot recall the name she used.

Young Joseph was sent out with Priscilla Heydon. They arrived about the time Thomas was fired. George had to provide for young Joe and took him into the shop. Joe in 1872 bought the business from George.

Joseph (Jnr) had quite well learned his job in the 12 years 1860-1972.

Now going back a few years. Towards the middle of 1863 George thought it time for a trip to England, and possibly to find a wife. Sailing ships usually left between September and November to have the summer weather round the Cape or Cape Horn. George took passage in the "Murray" Captain John Legoe, (the father of our Glen Legoe) unknown to one another, both had got together a big mob of birds and animals. Legoe had wondered why George had hired 3 cabins. The agents didn't tell why. When Legoe saw the live stock going on board there was the devil of a row, and he could swear, but could not alter the matter. However, they were not such bad pals in the end, though George left the boat at Plymouth, hurried to London, and sold his collection to Jamracks, and Captain Legoe had to take second place at lesser money. That's been a joke with us right up to today. Anyway as you know the acquaintanceship opened up to partnership and life-long friendship of the Legoes and Wilcoxes.

George met Annie Fuller. Her eldest sister had married Bedells, who had been apprenticed alongside George with Bedells senior at Leicester. Annie Fuller was the daughter of Thomas Fuller, a fairly large family at Leicester. It was something over 300 acres.

George and Annie were married 3rd June 1864 and almost immediately sailed for Adelaide in the new ship "City of Adelaide."

Thomas Fuller married an American, Green of Greentown, Green County, New York, and as Old Thomas used to say, "The best export ever from America."

"Caldecot" is mentioned in "Doomsday Book."

I went there a good deal as a kid, we all loved old Grandfather Fuller. He had 3 children, Mary, who married Bedells. (One Bedells girl married in South Africa, one single in Perth, Western Australia, 2 single in England, 2 sons of Bedells, one still alive in Perth, and the married one died in West Australia.

Next came our Mother Annie, and the youngest Emily, married Nicholson and had no family.

Grandfather Fuller had 2 sons. One went to the Bolivia-Peru War, the other son George, died at about 33, unmarried.


text:
Thursday, April 1, 2010

The Goblin King By Candle Light

In progress: If you invite The Goblin King to one of your "Candlelight Suppers", this is what you'll see staring at you across the table.

I found an old Fairy Tale book that my Grandmother used to read to me when I was just a baby. It was quite different than the stories read to children these days. Not all the tales ended well but they all taught a lesson or moral. I decided to make a few Fairy Tale pieces for a change of pace.

No comments:


text:
Ivo Casas

Ivo Casas

SL Benfica
Birth Date
Birth Place
180 cm
71 kg

Ivo Casas was born in Matosinhos in 1992 and ten years after he started to play volleyball in Leixoes SC, club where he played until 2011 and from where he transferred to Castelo da Maia GC until 2013, when the team conquered the Portuguese Cup. After he transferred to SL Benfica, where he currently plays, winning the Portuguese Cup and National Championship, reaching also the final of the CEV Challenge Cup. This year the team won the Super Cup and is fighting for the championship. This 180-cm libero played his first match for the junior national team in 2008 and was called for the first time to the senior national team, in 2009, in a European League weekend when the titular libero was injured and he replaced him in a match that Ivo will take long to forget. He’s a young player with a promising future. Like a libero, he is an all around player, very good in reception and defense. He is simple, but clever and a strong asset to the team, methodic, committed, studious and hard worker, always trying to be better. In the national team his top results were in 2009, when he achieved the 1st place in the Lusophone Games, the 3rd place in the European League and the 2nd place in the 2016 World League Group 2 Finals.

  • Position Libero
  • Selection Olympic (0) - W.C. (0) - Other (132)
  • International Debut VN Gaia, POR
  • Club Debut Leixoes SC
  • Current Club SL Benfica
  • Spike 290
  • Block 278


text:
Not kitten around: Cat 'feline' fine after tree rescue

CCSO deputy helps save kitten from tree. (CCSO)

CLACKAMAS COUNTY, Ore (KATU) - We're not kitten around: Clackamas County Sheriff's Office and Molalla Fire Dept actually encountered a kitten stuck in a tree.

CCSO posted the saga on their Twitter account, documenting the kitten stuck in the tree and the rescue efforts by firefighters.

The little kitten wasn't easy to get out of the tree, and first responders reported a bit of a cattitude.

They managed to get the kitten down, saying it was feline fine.

While they weren't able to immediately find its family, the kitten enjoyed a ride-along with a CCSO deputy. They even stopped for a little lunch.

In the end, the 4-month-old kitten made it back home to a very happy little girl.

The family said the cat, named "Scootaloo," had been missing for a couple days.


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text:
Prayer for education – UDPS 2017

February 27th, 2017 10:04 am

Dear God,

In children and young adults, you implored the disciples and his preaching audience to let them come unfettered to God, because theirs was the pure in heart and innocence. We know that an excellent way to do this I through education, both religious and secular. In a world made more anxious by political changes, we are more and more aware that children are the hope for the future. We pray that they may continue to seek truth in an era that seeks to distort or change it. We pray that they may see the good in education, and we pray for those who continue to make education available and meaningful to students across the world.

In your name we pray, Alleluia, Amen.

This prayer was offered by a retired high school teacher of over 30 years, a former and present coach, and a past youth group leader for over 2 decades, who read about WSCF-Europe in the Presbyterian Church USA’s Mission Yearbook.

World Student Christian Federation – Europe
Via Pascoli 11
38122, Trento, Italy
+39 329 2099274 IBAN: IT85T0503401801000000000417 BIC: BAPPIT21179
Subscribe using RSS

The work of WSCF-Europe is financially supported by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union and European Youth Foundation of the Council of Europe.

This website reflects the views only of the author, and the donors cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.


text:
New Vote Incentive! And it’s worth a look!

Even as the Kairos time-bubble vanishes (along with Sophie) our hero tackles the kid out of harm’s way, taking the bullet hit himself. Fortunately, the new graphene-laminate gel armor stops the slug, though it hurts. Technically, the gel armor spreads the impact pretty well, but we’re going to assume Countdown’s gel layer is damn thin by choice, to permit better speed and mobility. (That’s a protective stance in Panel 3, by the way, not a chokehold.)

Also, the graphene laminate takes a certain amount of damage. We wanted a hard shell for fighting purposes (it will become clearer why once the armor is weaponized) and while we could have had the bullets just flatten and fall off without leaving a mark, that has the major tactical drawback of “not looking cool.” So fragments of the laminating polycarbonate resin shatter off with bullet impacts.

We also got a nice mention on the Awesome Comics Podcast! Thanks, guys!

And more below!

Real-Life Superpowers

After the discussion last week of people personally experiencing the time-dilation “Kairos Effect,” I thought I’d bring up a few more “real superpowers.” Back when I was working on X-Men Evolution we had an episode or two dealing with mutants that were basically worthless. Honestly, you’d think there would be more of these. As I recall, one kid could produce a small amount of slime from his hands (essentially a rather disgusting stigmata, I suppose) and another had butterfly wings that were not strong enough to fly with; they just looked pretty. Even as such, the Marvel mutations are really pretty big leaps; they certainly smack less of natural selection and more of “intelligent design.” Or at least Stan Lee.

In real life, the “superpowers” are often useless and/or running gags. I remember hearing a girl on the radio who could be told any word and she would instantly rattle back all the letters in that word, arranged in alphabetical order. You could say “shadow” and she would fire back “A-D-H-O-S-W” without hesitation. (A Google search shows a number of people can do this; I guess it is a mental quirk that is rare but not unheard of.) But while cool to witness, it is essentially useless; even in old-school secretarial work there wouldn’t be any use for that ability that I can think of.

When my sister Eve was a toddler, she would routinely go outside in the Spring and hold up her hand and butterflies would come down and land in her palm. It was amazing to watch. It was before the age of video, but we have any number of still photos. My father (a scientist) tried to explain that her skin reflected UV light in the same manner as flower petals, but to me that still qualifies as a superpower. She went on to work with animals and still has an terrific rapport with them, so it may have been a superpower yet.

But far more common in our family are the “funny” superpowers. For instance, my wife’s superpower is to always know when I am on the toilet and insist, at any time of the day or night, that she needs to use the bathroom immediately. If I wait until she is out of the house and then sit on the toilet, she will phone me. It has become known as “Sharon’s Superpower.”

My friend Frank rarely calls me, but whenever he does, it is always at the most inconvenient time possible. If I am standing precariously on a ladder or wiring up some sort of effects charge (or both) and the phone in my pocket rings, I don’t even have to check the Caller ID. It’ll be Frank. Given the fact that it generally causes me to step back and take a second look at what I’m doing, he may or may not be my guardian angel.

My mother’s superpower is to always, always, have her name spelled wrong on important documents. Contracts, deeds, book covers; they never get her name right. Her name is Martha, but she gets “Mabel” or “Margaret” or “Mary” or some other name not her own. She once co-authored a book with my father and the cover listed her as “Margaret.” She protested to the publisher, who felt she was making a big deal out of nothing. They also got her name wrong on Wikipedia, which upset her so much I had a friend with editing privileges go in and correct it for her. But it continues to happen. Because superpowarz.

As for me, I don’t have any superpowers that I know of, except perhaps for the ability to somehow injure myself doing small household chores. Or purchase lottery tickets that not only fail to win, but don’t even manage to get a single number right. But I’m waiting. Always waiting. I’d go up on the roof and try to fly, but I know what would happen. I’d be balanced on the edge, ready to jump, and the phone in my pocket would ring.

It would be Frank.

— Bob out


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It Happened Again…

                                  The Unger’s have decided to move.
Don’t worry, we aren’t leaving completely, just  moving to Edisto Beach.  In case you don’t know, Edisto Beach is a little community about an hour outside of Charleston, SC. You have to drive through the country to get there and where you arrive, you realize you have been transported back to the 50’s.  They have a Piggly Wiggly and a gas station on the corner, about four restaurants, and a few cute gift shops.  No Wings selling “five for five dollars” t-shirts. No McDonald’s. No hotels.  It’s the perfect “family friendly” beach. That’s the official description.  Edisto Beach is my favorite place in the entire world.  That’s the real description.
I grew up vacationing at Edisto.  My Grandparent’s owned a house right on the front beach.  I remember celebrating Christmas in that house and listening to Granddaddy describe the Easter Bunny he had seen hopping down the street.  When I was little, I would fall asleep to the sound of the waves crashing and dream about working as a waitress at the beach when I was old enough. (I thought being a waitress was the most glamorous job in the world.) As I got older, I appreciated the rustic, family beach even more. It has a slow, laid back vibe that’s uncommon and special. We’ve spent a lot of time out there throughout our marriage and Jason, too, has fallen in love with this little seaside town.
So here’s how all this happened. A few weekends ago we decided to go to Edisto for Ty’s birthday.  My family beach house wasn’t available so we rented a condo on the river.  The view was amazing.  Marsh and river.  I’m not even going to try to describe it. Jason was unloading the car and during one of his trips upstairs, he mentions to me a sign hanging outside the elevator.  One of the condos was for rent year round and it was priced right for our budget . I called right then and set up an appointment to see it.  Either it would be perfect and we would go for it, or it wouldn’t work out, but at least I wouldn’t be wondering about it.  The condo was perfect for our family. Three bedrooms, close together. Two bathrooms, one off the master and one for potty training.  And it comes furnished so we are selling (almost) everything we own and going after a dream.
This dream chasing stuff is exciting and scary and full of the unknown.
 In Jason’s mind, he sees the four of us holding hands and jumping.
 I like that.
We are blazing our own trail, but we are doing it together.

  1. Beth Covington says

    Edisto is wonderful – my family vacations there, too. Great for kids, families – I hope it proves to be as perfect as it seems to be for your family. :)

  2. Nannette Elkins says

    How wonderful! Visiting for the first time from Diana’s…you are the envy of so many, taking a leap of faith. We did that a few years ago, sold everything we had and went as missionaries overseas. I had just turned 50. It was scary and exciting all at the same time. We thought it to be somewhat permanent but my health brought us back after a year and a half. :( But we still had a great adventure, met some wonderful people and hopefully touched some lives. God bless you and your family!!

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Sunday, May 17, 2020

Hello There

How's everybody doing? Keeping on keeping on?

Photo of Abby wearing her book mask and a #TeamKentucky shirt that reads "Healthy But Nervous"

Sorry it's been a minute, but you know how it is right now. Here's what's been up with me.

We've all been working from home at my library since we closed on March 16. I'm so thankful that we have not had furloughs, although working from home has been a much bigger struggle for me than I thought it would. It's definitely very different, even for those of us who are mostly behind the scenes and who have access to most of the things we do at the office.

This past week, we started staffing the library in small teams and taking book returns. We are not open to the public. Tomorrow we start curbside pickup of holds and we have pulled for sure over 800 holds (some of which were from before we closed or right after we had closed). I am now working in my office at the library two or three days a week, wearing a mask and being careful to maintain distance and clean everything after use. I will continue to work from home the other days.

It feels relatively amazing to be able to provide curbside pickup and get at least a small sampling of our collection going back out into people's hands. We have been promoting and booktalking our digital collection throughout, but it in no way truly compensates for our print collection. We are looking at ways to provide computer services soon. Our director has been amazing, coming up with a phased plan that focuses on providing what we can for our community while keeping staff and patrons as safe as possible. We're proceeding deliberately even as some parts of our community throw the doors wide open.

Collection Development's about to get really busy because our vendors will be starting shipments again this week. The past two months have not felt like any kind of a respite, but they really were compared to the cataloging work I've got ahead of me once our books start shipping. On the one hand, I'm anxious about it, but on the other hand it's another kind of relief because it'll give me focus. And then the rest of it - the blog posts and webinars and TLEUs - will just have to wait because getting the books out to people will be the priority. As it should be. And maybe work from home with its ample time to concentrate on cataloging (when I'm not in a Zoom meeting....) will turn into a positive again.

I'm struggling to read right now. I'm struggling to write because so much of my work from home tasks have been writing heavy. We're trying to update our staff blog almost every day. And I've been throwing myself into my side work for NoveList and writing for School Library Journal and the ALSC Blog. My own blog seems to be the place that I'm struggling with the most (if I'm honest, because it does not really pay me).

So things will probably be a little slow around here for awhile. I'm still around. We'll get back into business here with regular posts at some point. Time is weird right now. It's either crawling or flying and there doesn't seem to be an in-between. I would love for everything to go back to normal, but I'm sensible enough to know that it doesn't just happen like that. I'll take my small moments of normal, like being in the office and picking up the phone to quickly resolve a question, where I can. And we'll just keep on keeping on.

How are you?


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Company Profile
Abhishek Jewellers, is a company that was founded in the year 2018, with a determination to serve customers impeccable quality jewelry in a wide range. The manufacturing house of our firm is situated in an area of Surendranagar (Gujarat, India) from where we deliver to the clients residing in cities across the nation. Any customer who procures from us is glad because we never over price our Nose Stud, Nose Pin, Gold Earring that are impeccable in terms of quality. In our facility, we have maintained machines and tools of the most advanced technology that further helps our personnel in perfecting at their works. Consequently, we have earned the title of being a perfect jewelry manufacturer.

Profile Details of Abhishek Jewellers

Nature of Business

Manufacturer, Wholesaler, and Supplier

Year of Establishment

Company Branches

No. of Employees

No. of Designers

No. of Production Units

Monthly Production Capacity

As Per Order

Production Type

Semi-Automatic and Manual

Warehousing Facility

IDBI Bank Ltd.

Annual Turnover

INR 25 Lakhs

Niche Market

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At a Glance

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Mark Levinson 5101 SACD Streaming DAC

Mark Levinson 5101_front

All New Mark Levinson 5101 CD/SACD/Streamer/DAC

In Munich May/2019 HARMAN’s Mark Levinson introduced the No 5101 Network Streaming, Super Audio CD (SACD) player and Digital to Analog Converter (DAC), pairing decades of excellent audio engineering with the latest audio technology advancements to deliver unmatched performance and value. With a bold new industrial design and PrecisionLink II DAC, the No 5101 delivers luxurious fidelity with premium features and versatility. The Mark Levinson No 5101 is proudly designed, engineered, and precision-crafted in the USA.

Mark Levinson 5101_front

With a wide range of supported digital audio sources and formats, the No 5101 allows playback of physical media including SACD, CD-A, CD-R and CD-RW. It supports FLAC, WAV, AIFF, OGG, MP3, AAC and WMA formats. The No 5101 can stream from NAS drives as well and DLNA and UPnP devices connected to the same network as the No 5101 via Ethernet or WiFi. It can also navigate and playback audio files from a USB flash drive connected to the USB type A input. Additionally, with one coaxial and one optical S/PDIF digital input, the No 5101 serves as a premium stand-alone DAC for digital sources.

The Mark Levinson PrecisionLink II DAC allows the No 5101 to deliver outstanding digital audio quality. The latest generation ESS PRO Sabre 32-bit D/A converter with jitter elimination circuitry and a fully balanced, discrete current-to-voltage converter directly descended from the No 5802 and No 5805 integrated amps form the heart of the digital audio processing stage. In addition, to digital inputs, it has one coaxial and one optical S/PDIF digital output which will pass a PCM stereo signal through to devices such as the Mark Levinson No 5802 or No 5805 integrated amplifiers. A toroidal transformer mated to 13,600uF of filter capacitance forms the heart of the linear power supply which powers the DAC and all analog circuitry. Individual regulators for each channel assure dual monaural operation. The discrete PurePath class A line output stage delivers the exceptional transparency and dynamic range for which Mark Levinson products are renowned.

The No 5101 offers flexible control with system integration and communication ports include IP (Ethernet), RS- 232, IR input, and 12V trigger input. An elegant 5000 Series custom aluminum IR remote control is included. In addition, drivers are available for major control systems.

With attention to detail inside and out, the power supply, transformer and control PCBA’s are encased in a steel cage shield isolated from the digital and analog audio signal path. The robust slot-loading transport is suspended on steel standoffs floating on a PVC and styrene-butadiene rubber sandwich and shielded with a steel cover.

And as with all Mark Levinson components, robust materials, lavish finishes and bold geometry have become hallmarks the company's quality. With the No 5101, one-inch-thick solid aluminum front panels are bead blasted, black anodized, and machine contoured to flow seamlessly into the sleek glass display, which itself is recessed into a bead-blasted and clear-anodized aluminum bezel.

Meticulous artistry is evident in the fine details including debossed top cover vents, screen printing behind the glass panel and aluminum Standby, Menu buttons, and transport buttons – all resting on matching custom aluminum feet.

The No 5101 is being previewed at Munich HIGH END 2019 and will be available in fourth quarter 2019 with estimated pricing of $5,500.

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Coronavirus, an update from Active Cornwall

Crime and Youth Justice Tackled Through New Partnerships

Some of the organisations involved in the Criminal Youth Justice Day

On Wednesday 21st November, over 25 people from different sport and physical activity organisations and also Crime and Youth Justice Organisations in Cornwall came together to ensure ALL young people in Cornwall get the opportunity to be physically active and to be able to use sport and physical activity as a tool to deter and reduce youth crime and Anti-Social Behaviour.

The workshop was arranged by StreetGames, a national charity with an aim to bring sport and physical activity to disadvantaged young people in England, Wales and Scotland, along with Cornwall Sports Partnership to influence that sport and physical sector can be used positively towards the prevention of crime and Anti-social behaviour in Cornwall.

Lewis Sanders, Project Coordinator at the CSP had this to say: "It was great to see organisations from National Governing Bodies to activity providers to Youth Offending Service to Safer Cornwall, all giving up their time to discuss this topic. At the CSP we are sure that all that attended left better informed, well-educated and with tips on how they can have an impact on reducing youth crime and making Cornwall a safer place to be physically active."

The workshop was successful due to the calibre of the subject specialists from StreetGames and Youth Offending Service.

Following his trip down to Cornwall, Graham Helm from national charity StreetGames said: "We all know that community sport can play an essential role in supporting young people around reaching their full potential. The engagement day highlighted the providers of community sport can really work on building protective factors to support some of our more vulnerable young people who are at risk of getting involved in the criminal justice system.

Bringing together colleagues from different sectors was both thought provoking and inspiring and placed community sport in a great position to push forward in this key youth"

Senior Youth Offending Officer for Cornwall, Sam Law commented: "The most striking thing about the day was that I left optimistic. I have seen many initiatives come and go and most don't deliver. I am very optimistic, in fact almost certain, that this will happen in Cornwall."

Partners will now work together along with the Devon and Cornwall Police and Crime Commissioner in implementing the plan to reduce youth crime and anti-social behaviour.  If you would like to be a part of this project please get in touch with Lewis Sanders at Cornwall Sports Partnership by emailing


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Editor’s Comments: Weekend Poll 2

The second edition of the Afdtechtalk weekend polls came on as planned over the weekend. As usual, we received some interesting feedback. Let’s get to it: Question 1 When you visit a restaurant, do you start searching for WiFi? — Afdtechtalk (@afdtechtalk) March 3, 2018 61% answered “No” to this Continue Reading

A Laptop and a Dream: Tech Entrepreneurship in Ghana

Let’s go back in time to the early 2000s. Place: Ghana, destination: Ghana’s technology revival. In the early 2000s, Ghana was projected to be “The Silicon Valley of West Africa”. An English-speaking country with dependable electricity, relatively good internet, a thriving democracy and an ever-ready pool of cheap labor, Ghana Continue Reading


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Monday, July 20, 2009

Sad Sally Songbird OSW card

Another of the OSW cards using Sad Sally Songbird from Lindy's Stamp Gang.
She is just too stinkin' cute! I added some flowers from both Prima and Queen & Co to the corner of the image and all coloring was done with the Copic Markers. Mat the layers and there you go another card! I have a great stash of cards ready to go from doing the OSW but I find I tend to get stuck on the same colors and also the same stamp companies LOL so I better brach out a little or everyone will be getting similar cards from me!

Kathy W said...

I agree too stinkin cute- like your new blog banner and layout!

Monica-FC said...

the stamp image is just to cute. I love it and where did you get it from?? I adore it. :)


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text: @article{astmh:/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1234, author = "Jung, Rodney C.", title = "Handbook of Endemic Treponematoses", journal= "The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene", year = "1985", volume = "34", number = "6", pages = "1234-1234", doi = "https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1234", url = "http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1234", publisher = "The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene", issn = "0002-9637", type = "Journal Article", abstract = "When penicillin became readily available after World War II it was widely used in the treatment of syphilis. The result was a marked diminution in the incidence and prevalence of the disease, which had once been a familiar sight in the clinics and wards of teaching hospitals of the United States. When venereal syphilis began to increase once more as a consequence of reduced vigilance and of what has been called the “sexual revolution,” it was frequently not recognized by physicians whose training had not included experience with the disease. A similar course of events took place with regard to the nonvenereal treponematoses—yaws, endemic syphilis and pinta. The mass treatment campaigns sponsored by the World Health Organization and the Ministries of Health of many countries during the 1950s and 1960s resulted in a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of these diseases.", }


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Reverse-Gentrification of the Literary World

Akashic Books

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News & Features » September 2015 » “Daddy Bats is Not Coming to Save You” by Justin Haynes

“Daddy Bats is Not Coming to Save You” by Justin Haynes

Akashic Books is proud to introduce a new flash fiction series, Duppy Thursday. Though we’re based in Brooklyn, our location envy of the Caribbean is evident throughout our catalog. One aspect of Caribbean literature that appeals to us is the integration of folklore into contemporary stories—a perfect example being Jamaican author Marlon James’s debut novel John Crow’s Devil, which we published to great critical acclaim in 2005. Whether it be the spider Anansi, the devil woman La Diablesse, the Soucouyant, Mama Dlo, or Papa Bois, these mythical beings have injected life (and death) into the literature of the region. As with our other flash fiction series, we challenge you to tell your story in 750 words or less.

This week, Justin Haynes takes us to an orphanage in Trinidad, where one child’s mother might not be completely human.

Justin HaynesDaddy Bats is Not Coming to Save You
by Justin Haynes
Trinidad & Tobago

Daddy Bats lives with you in a one-bedroom flat in Belmont—until today. This morning, Daddy Bats flicks the cold from the corners of your eyes, and just after Radio Trinidad announces the day’s deaths, he marches you between lively trucks and horn-blowing super saloons up the hill to the orphanage.

“Don’t worry, son,” Daddy Bats says as he kneels before you. “Is only for a few days. Then I will save you.”

Saga boy Daddy Bats only buttons the last two buttons on his shirt jack. His chest flashes brown and hard. When you ask why he’s leaving you, Daddy Bats says he’s “entertaining a red ting for a few nights.” He needs all of his strength so she doesn’t kill him. Daddy Bats notes that you are ready to cry. “No tears!” demands Daddy Bats. He thumbs away the single tear and introduces you to Miss Belasco.

Miss Belasco acquaints you to the other children. She is not pleased to see Daddy Bats. Her belly is calabash big beneath her dress. Later, the children tell you that she’s holding one of Daddy Bats’s babies for him.

When you showed Daddy Bats the tail that started growing from your backside a month before, he pulled back like he had seen a Douen with two feet turned back to front. “It’ll go away,” he finally grinned.

It got longer.

So now, one month later, your tail tucked between your legs, Daddy Bats walks you across the street to live with zigaboos and liars.

At the orphanage, six children claim that they are Daddy Bats’s castoffs too, and this almost leads you to blows with all thirty-five orphans. “Liar!” you say as you swing on a fatty bully, and Miss Belasco drags you away and hugs you to her chest, and you hear the heartbeat of Daddy Bats’s next baby.

Why believe these zigaboos? Look at them!

Darrian—serious K-foot from rickets!

Adele—big buckteeth like a Minshall mas!

Kierran—poxy legs for days!

But they’re all brownskin like you. And two have the same eggshell cracks in their chins, just like Daddy Bats.

Darrian, wobbling from east to west as he walks north to south, delivers you to the mattress beside his. Pee-pee wrinkles your nose. “Don’t worry,” he says. “A woman does clean it up.” He whispers, “A La Diablesse.”

You see why he thinks that. A long skirt sweeps low to cover her possible cow foot. A black fowl-thief hat shrouds her face. Her skin conjures jasmine. But this is no La Diablesse; this is your mother. Her eyes dilate upon seeing you. She scours the orphanage’s floors, disinfects pillowcases, plunges two-two down overflowing toilets. Here’s the truth: under her long skirt lies a stump where her leg was shorn off in a motorcycle accident on Tragarete Road at three a.m. one month earlier. The accident stole her tongue and all of her teeth. Years later, someone reveals that she was clinging to Daddy Bats’s hips when they took the skid and that he was thrown clear and unhurt onto a pile of grass cut by the ten-days workers around King George V Park.

How she survived is every orphan’s favorite guessing game. Adele says she traded her soul to the devil, and you feel your tail twitch in your pants.

A month earlier, Daddy Bats had told you that she had died. No tears!

That night, after the other children are asleep, you look out the window and see Daddy Bats’s flat in darkness. Hearing shuffling, you spy your mother through the keyhole, undressing next door. Removing the fowl-thief hat reveals a face scarred with cricket ball stitches. Unfastening her skirt shows the stumped leg connected to a cut of wood. She reaches back and unfastens her skin slowly down her spine and legs. She releases one leg, and the skin folds to the floor like fabric. Exiting her skin, she flashes into bright light, and she’s gone.

Tomorrow the children’s whispers will scurry like cockroaches washing over your legs the night before. They will say the soucouyant took Daddy Bats, sucked him dry.

Your mother will not return to mop pee-pee. She will have streaked across the sky to Manzanilla or Toco or Mayaro. But you will remain at the orphanage for another dozen years, your tail lengthening, wrapping around your leg like a macajuel, wetting your mattress nightly with tears while Darrian continues to baptize his mattress with pee.

JUSTIN HAYNES is a U.S.-based, Trinidadian-born writer. His short stories have been published, or are forthcoming, in various journals, including The Caribbean Writer, The Notre Dame Review, and Paragraphiti. He is currently an assistant professor of English at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia, where he teaches creative writing, African American literature, and Caribbean literature.

Do you have a story you’d like us to consider for online publication in the Duppy Thursday flash fiction series? Here are the submission terms and guidelines:

—We are not offering payment, and are asking for first digital rights. The rights to the story revert to the author immediately upon publication.
—Your story should be set in a Caribbean location and incorporate some aspect of folklore, whether centrally or tangentially.
—Include the location and the referenced folk tale or figure of the story with your byline.
—Your story should not exceed 750 words.
—Please include a short bio with your submission.
—Accepted submissions to Duppy Thursday are typically posted 2–4 months after the notification date.
—E-mail your submission to Please paste the story into the body of the email, and also attach it as a PDF file.

Posted: Sep 3, 2015

Category: Original Fiction, Duppy Thursday | Tags: , , , , , , , , , , ,

Featured: Black Interest


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The History of Rome – Beware the Ides of March

Beware the Ides of March – The Assassination of Julius Caesar

The Day

March 15, 44 BC (the Ides of March in the Roman calendar) was a bad day for Julius Caesar. He was murdered by a group of 40 Roman Senators (including a Senator he considered an ally, Marcus Brutus to whom as Shakespear famously wrote he said “Et tu, Brute?” (You, too, Brutus?) as Brutus approached him to stab him) as he was walking to the Roman Senate building in the Roman Forum. The place he was murdered was a meeting room in the back of a structure called Pompey’s Theater. He was later cremated in the Roman Forum after a eulogy given by his friend Marc Antony, who said “I come not to bury Caesar, but to praise him.”

He was murdered because he had recently been declared “Permanent Dictator,” thus threatening the existence of the Roman Republic. This was in response to his military victories in Gaul after which he returned to Rome and crossed the Rubicon River with his personal army – an illegal act – and declared “The die is cast” (or maybe more likely “Let the dice fly”) as he did it.

Important Sites in Rome

The Rubicon

The Rubicon’s original location is now lost (a river in the Emilia Romagna region, 300+ km north of Rome was determined to be the Rubicon in 1991. This river as with many in the Po Valley, underwent a great deal of civil engineering over the centuries and so its original natural flow has been erased), but the other places – the Roman Senate building, the site where he was cremated, the site where his eulogy was given, Pompey’s Theater and the meeting room where he was assassinated – all still exist and can be visited in various ways.

Pompey’s Theater

The Largo di Torre Argentina Sacred Area - Rome Italy

The Largo di Torre Argentina Sacred Area – Click for Larger Image

Pompey’s Theater was a permanent stone theater in Rome. Pompey was a powerful Senator who skirted the rules forbidding permanent theater structures by putting a small temple on the top and a few meeting rooms in the back and calling it a temple and convention center. It exists today south of Piazza Navona as a series of centuries old apartment buildings built upon the theater superstructure; you can follow the semi-circular curve of the building. You can also have a meal in a restaurant called Ostaria Costanza thereby sitting inside the support structure with the original brickwork and archways.

The meeting room where Julius Caesar met his demise is at the eastern end of the complex. You can see it if you visit the excavated temple complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina. The room remnants can be seen by standing in the right location on the eastern side and looking west. The area is a cat sanctuary and the room is now, believe it or not, a lavatory. In the photo above, the room in which Caesar was murdered is past the archways visible in the near background below street level. What survives of Pompey’s Theater is beyond and behind those large-ish buildings in the background.

The Roman Forum

The Roman Forum - Rome Italy

The Roman Forum – Click for Larger Image

The Roman Forum includes a rebuilt-restored Senate building and a small ruined temple room with altar that is the claimed site of his cremation. The spot where the eulogy was given is called the Rostra. The Rostra was the site for giving important speeches to the Senate building and to people gathered in the Forum’s open square. His cremation site can be seen in the photo above but just barely; locate the well-preserved Temple of Antoninus and Faustina on the far left of the photo. Follow the front stairs down to the dark gray “lump.” That lump is the ruins of the memorial and cremation platform. The Rostra is not visible but it is beyond the lower left part of the frame.

The result of Julius Caesar’s assassination was a years long civil war between Marc Antony and Caesar’s nephew Octavian. It resulted in the defeat of Marc Antony’s army and the death of Cleopatra and Marc Antony via snake bite. Octavian became Augustus and was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He was also the guy who commanded the Biblical Slaughter of the Innocents census that caused Joseph and a pregnant Mary to return to Bethlehem.

The Roman Calendar – Calends, Nones and Ides

Wikipedia has a great explanation of the numerous calendars Romans used during the course of their time on Earth, but basically the Romans described only particular points during the month with a title. The calends was the beginning, the nones was somewhere around the 5 to 7th days and the ides was usually the 13th but in March and a few other months it was the 15th. These points are generally thought to be based on moon phases (Calends = new moon, Nones = half moon, Ides = full moon). Other days were represented by “days after calends” or days before nones.” It seems that the Romans’ calendar is, like their numbering system, a lot more complicated than it needs to be.

So, from this one incident on the Ides of March more than 2 000 years ago we get several common sayings (“Et tu, Brutus!” for betrayal, “Crossing the Rubicon” for an act that can’t be taken back) and even once in a while someone will substitute a well regarded individual’s name for Caesar in the famous eulogy. We can still visit the places at which these events occurred.

If you are planning a visit to Italy soon I have written 2 walking tour guide books to Rome that you can purchase here or at Amazon or Barnes and Noble plus I have a great deal of travel information about Italy and Rome here at my Travels webpages.

I have an album of photos from Rome and other places in Italy in my photo gallery.

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  1. La Smith 2012.07.25 8:12am

    The Slaughter of the Innocents (if you believe in it. There are no Jewish or Roman records stating such a thing had happened, except in the Fairy Tale book known as the Bible) was ordered by Herod the Great, the king of Iudaea Province. He is not the same person as Caesar Augustus. Augustus named Herod the King of Judea, but never called for the killing of the young males of Bethlehem.