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Emancipation of Drune

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The Emancipation of Drune was a battle fought by in 881.M30 during the Great Crusades.

The campaign was waged at Drune, a world that had once been a beacon of civilization. The Imperial invasion was led by three Legions - the Sons of Horus, Death Guard, and White Scars as well as their respective Primarch's. However upon making planetfall, there was no reaction from the local population. The Stormseer Kulek Senn suspected something was amiss and urged caution the Primarch's Horus, Jaghatai Khan, and Mortarion.[1]

As they pressed onwards into the largest city of Drune, a great ragged mass of humanity was found on the streets. Every body was unwashed and stinking, each body a drooling simpleton. Once more Senn urged caution, drawing the sneer of the distrustful Mortarion. However at this moment the skies opened up and an unnatural energy washed over the city, stirring the population which began to groan as once. Retreating from the city, the Primarch's determined that the world was under some sort of Xenos domination. It was determined that xenos warp-portals centered upon the major mesa-top cities were exerting control over the population. Declaring that they would liberate the local humans from the xenos, Horus made Jaghatai Khan the campaign commander despite Mortarion's protest. Horus kept the Death Guard away from the Scars to avoid issues, but the Imperials nonetheless waged an effective campaign. For six months the Great Khan organized scouting ventures across Drune, striking at concentrations of xenos power identified by his Stormseers. During these raids the Scars encountered a range of horrifying bloated creatures. These tendriled multi-eyed creatures could unleash waves of warp fire as they commanded legions of enslaved humans at the Imperials.[1]

At last the campaign reached its climax at the same city that the Primarch's had first ventured into. The closer the Primarch's advanced, the more potent the psychic waves assaulting them grew. The Khan used his Stormseers to protect the Imperials as they advanced as the Primarch's reached the center of the city. They came before an archway of quivering living flesh which served as a gateway to the Warp. From this portal emerged a vast and bloated form with thrashing pseudopods and dozens of eyes. The Khan flew at this foe, his brothers following him into battle while the Stormseers held off the creatures vile kin. The creatures psychic power was nonetheless able to kill 10 Stormseers in an instant as he held three Primarch's at bay. Horus and Mortarion reeled under the creatures psychic assault, but the Khan was able to defeat the beast by using the last of his Stormseers to render himself invisible to the behemoth. Locating a weakpoint in its underside, the Khan delivered the killing strike. As the creature died a warp vortex opened up that would have consumed the Khan had it not been for Horus. As the portal closed the last of the Xenos vanished or died, while their mind puppets collapsed and never stood again. This was in truth a mercy, as these poor souls could not have been allowed to live under Imperial rule.[1]


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Agents Of SHIELD: 15 Things You Need To Know Before Season 2 Starts

Essential reading before September 23.

If you missed out on the first season of Agents of SHIELD you aren't alone, if ratings figures are anything to go by. Things got off to a rocky start for the first Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in show thanks partly to fan expectations that the series would replicate the excitement and big budget thrills of its silver screen forebears and the show's creators struggling to find their feet in the first half of the season. In all honesty there were some pretty naff episodes in 2013, but faithful viewers also got glimmers of what the show would become in the future, and those who stuck with AoS were treated to an improvement in quality and drama so vast that you'd be forgiven for thinking you'd started watching a different show entirely. If the series had ended then it would have been on a high note, but thankfully Marvel and ABC decided to renew Agents of SHIELD for a second season shortly after the first wrapped up its run. Optimism's high that the show will hang on to its momentum and come roaring back onto screens on September 23 with all the paranoia, excitement and humour it ended with back in May, but for those of you who missed out the first time round you might want to know what all the fuss is about. So consider this a handy recap of all the important stuff that happened in season 1, what it means for the future of the show and all the delicious new things there are to know about season 2:

15. What The Hell Happened To SHIELD Last Season?

A hell of a lot, actually. Agent Phil Coulson, who you may remember as dying in The Avengers, is back on the scene and still working for SHIELD at the start of the season. He's told to assemble his own team to deal with powers-related incidents and does just that, although there's a whole lot the people at the top aren't telling him. Coulson and his team jet all over the world and, in between fighting supervillains of the week and the nefarious Centipede program, uncover more and more information about how dodgy many of SHIELD's activities are. They eventually end up becoming embroiled in the world-shaking discovery that Hydra - the terrorist organisation thought to have been destroyed at the end of WWII and Captain America: The First Avenger - has actually been secretly controlling SHIELD the whole time, as first revealed in The Winter Soldier. After that things get pretty crazy and, after the Marvel heroes root out and rid the world of several of Hydra's high command, Nick Fury decides to dissolve SHIELD as it is and charges Phil Coulson with rebuilding it as its new Director.

Film history obsessive, New Hollywood fetishist and comics evangelist.

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Werks Reunion

Werks Reunion

Aug 13, 2021 at 7:00 AM to 3:00 PM

Corral de Tierra Country Club

81 Corral de Tierra Road
Salinas, CA 93908

Event Info

Incorrect Information? Let Us Know

Don’t miss Monterey Car Week’s largest gathering of Porsches! Expect to view a breathtaking array of Porsches at this free-to-spectators event, from rare classics to current models and everything in between. Display your own cherished car in Porsche Corrals or enter the Porsche Concours and compete to win in more than 20 prize categories.

Porsche Club of America (PCA) welcomes all Porsche clubs, owners, and enthusiasts to the annual PCA Werks Reunion during the world-famous Monterey Car Week on California's Monterey Peninsula. Membership in PCA is not required to participate in this celebration of Porsche automotive engineering.

Spectators are welcome to attend Werks Reunion Monterey free of charge ($20 parking fee, cash only). No registration is needed.

Watch the winners of previous Werks Reunion prize drawing by Michelin to the Porsche Experience Center in Atlanta, GA. Michelin will offer this same opportunity again this year and anyone who attends is eligible to enter.


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Next to Normal ~ The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Jordan Wright February 3, 2020

How do you make a story about a woman having a nervous breakdown palatable to musical theatre audiences? First, you make the characters poignantly identifiable – Dan, a loving husband and father devoted to keeping his family intact; Natalie, a teenage daughter living in the shadow of her dead […]

Dave ~ Arena Stage

Jordan Wright July 29, 2018

Frustrated with the current administration’s wackadoodle politics and its daily grind of mean-spirited tweets? Then let Dave be your panacea. This uplifting story is drawn from the 1993 eponymous movie written by Gary Ross and starring Kevin Kline and Sigourney Weaver. Remember that? Well, it’s now a musical written […]

Freaky Friday ~ Signature Theatre

Jordan Wright October 28, 2016 Special to The Alexandria Times

Heidi Blickenstaff (Katherine Blake) and the cast of Disney’s Freaky Friday. Photo by Jim Saah.

It was a major coup for Disney Theatrical Productions to select Signature as the off-off Broadway theater to debut Freaky Friday – its latest film-to-stage production. We […]


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Tag Archives: Application Help

The Early Decision I Application Deadline Draws Near!

Many of you prospective students out there are likely editing, re-reading and putting the finishing touches on your application to Whitman this week. Thursday, November 15 is our first admission deadline of the season, and it is one of two opportunities that students have to apply to Whitman prior to our Regular Decision deadline (Jan. 15). (Coincidentally, November 15 is also my birthday; I like to brag that I receive more “presents” on my birthday than anyone else I know!) Choosing one of these two Early Decision opportunities, the second of which is January 1, is a great option for the student that knows Whitman is their first choice; it’s important not to confuse these deadlines with Early Action (a non-binding decision).

Given that the Early Decision I deadline is a mere week away, I thought I would take a moment to discuss some important reminders.

1) Financial Aid: Remember that if you are applying to Whitman ED I and applying for need-based aid, you will also need to submit the CSS Profile by November 15. (The FAFSA, the second form that we require, will not be accessible until January 1.) All students who receive financial aid will be notified of their aid packages along with their acceptance letters in the mail, so students need not be concerned that applying early means that they won’t be able to receive merit or need-based aid from Whitman. In fact, the package that a student receives for an Early Decision deadline will be the same package that he or she would have received for Regular Decision. However, Regular Decision can often be the better fit for families that want to rely on the opportunity to compare financial aid packages from different schools.

2) You can expect to receive a response from us by December 21. Given that our Early Decision options are binding, one benefit to choosing this route is that you’ll know where you stand only about a month after submitting your application.

3) The application, of course! Make sure you proofread your application. Ask someone–a parent, a counselor, a teacher, or another individual you’re close to–to read over your essay and supplement; sometimes they may catch something you didn’t see yourself! If you have any questions about the Common App or Whitman Supplement, don’t hesitate to give us a call.

Best of luck, students! We look forward to reading your applications (and thanks in advance for making my birthday a special one).

Opportunity for Application Advice & Admission Update

As high schools and colleges across the country release students for winter break, it truly becomes crunch time for finishing college applications (remember, the postmark deadline is January 1 for Early Decision II and January 15 for Regular).  Next week, in an effort to help seniors complete the strongest application possible while minimizing stress, The Choice, the New York Times blog on admission and financial aid in higher education, is hosting a live Facebook chat with three expert college counselors from across the country. A different counselor will take questions and offer advice Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday evenings.  Find out the details here.

Early Decision letters will be mailed next Monday morning, and students may view their status online at midnight Monday night. Thanks again for being such fantastic applicants! We are excited to welcome the first members of what promises to be another absolutely spectacular class of Whitties!

A few words on the Supplement

Isn’t the Common Application great?  All those schools you can apply to in one shot, it makes the college application process so much less daunting.  While this is true (to an extent) many of you are thinking, or maybe yelling out loud, “What about all those supplements?!?”  Aghh, the bitter sweetness of only needing to type your counselor’s e-mail address, Freshman extracurricular activities and expected spring schedule once.

Supplements are personal, they ask probing questions and they require thought and time.  Maybe right now in the middle of December you don’t feel like you have much of either to spare.  I encourage you to dig deep.  These questions are asked for a reason and they are important.  Trust me, as much as you do not want to write a meaningless essay, my colleagues and I do not want to read them.  Yet, year after year we keep asking the questions, because they are important.  We want to know these things about you, in the case of Whitman: how you perceive diversity, why you are interested in our community of 1500 students in Walla Walla, and lastly how you think and express your thoughts.

For some clues on why these questions are important to us take a look at our website, Google these topics, page through that Whitman Admission handout one more time with “different eyes”, ask us some questions of your own.  See what we have to say, maybe you will learn something, you may get intrigued and excited, you may be struck by inspiration for your supplemental essays.  We want to see if and why these topics are important to you too.  Be deliberate, be concise, and give us a view into you and your motivations.  There is no “right” answer!  So stop taking the safe route and writing on what you think it is.

The Common Application has 456 member institutions; at the heart of each is a unique school and community.  This is what the supplements try to get at.  This is why we ask these pesky questions.  In your answers we hope to honestly find a little of Whitman and what we value.  Good luck Class of 2016, we look forward to reading your applications!

“Why Whitman?” Part III

Our third entry in the “Why Whitman?” series comes from Lauren McCullough, a Politics major from Wilsonville, Oregon. Happy writing to all you ED applicants working on your own Why Whitman essays!

When I applied to college, I knew there were a few qualities I had to have in my college experience. The first was a small school with a strong sense of community, so I exclusively considered tiny liberal arts colleges. I was interested in all things Humanities and Social Sciences, so it didn’t make sense for me to pick a school based on only one of those departments. Actually, I guess the requirement was a well-rounded college strong in all academic departments. Looking back, this was an excellent decision: I’ve changed my major four times before happily settling down in the Politics department!

After these basic size and academic considerations, the student body was the most important component to me. I wanted to be a part of an eclectic, intelligent student body where people were also quirky and friendly.

I already knew Whitman fit this profile well because both my brother and sister attended. However, not surprisingly, I thought I would never go to the same school as both my siblings. Yet, when I went and visited schools, Whitman stood out for me above the rest. Current students were all friendly and the professors were fascinating during Admitted Students Day and my time there really convinced me that Whitman was a school I would be happy and not at all seen as anyone’s little sister.

I was also comforted by the fact that my two siblings, who have very different personalities and interests both thrived at Whitman. My sister was involved with theater and art and majored in Psychology. My brother, on the other hand, majored in Philosophy, played varsity soccer, was active in Greek life, and tutored local elementary students.

Ultimately, I chose Whitman because it felt right, academically and socially, and because I was confident that I would be happy here. When I was forced to think about where I truly wanted to spend the next four years of my life, Whitman stood out as the right place; almost four years later I’m glad to say I was right!

Why Whitman?

One of the officer staffs’ favorite parts of the application to read is the “Why Whitman” piece of the Whitman supplement. To provide you with inspiration as you ponder your response, we’ve asked our senior interns to look back and rewrite their “Why Whitman” essays four years later. We’ll be posting them here throughout the fall.

First up is Ruby Glaser, a psychology major/education minor from Weston, CT:

Choosing a college was far from an easy decision for me. Restless nights, stressed days, and angst beyond the normal teenage level were the constants of my life the April of my senior year.  I was excited and passionate about my college search, ready to leave my small East Coast hometown and start a new adventure.  I knew I wanted a small, liberal arts college that mirrored the close-knit community of my high school. I visited nearly 25 schools, and while satisfied by my visits, I was never overly excited or enthused.  The campuses were all beautiful and home to more activities and classes than I would ever be able to experience. The thing that kept me from falling in love was the classroom experience. I had sat in on classes at every school I visited, and I found the environment to be intense and competitive, which was frustratingly the exact thing I was trying to get away from.

Then I came and visited Whitman – it was a breath of fresh air.  There was an aura of community and support; it was obvious the students were working together in a collaborative effort to learn together.  It was about the knowledge being gained, not about besting each other.  I felt like I could voice any idea that popped into my mind during discussion, approach the professor with the silliest questions, and brainstorm with my peers on any issue I was having.  This was the nurturing classroom environment that I was craving. This was the element that put Whitman over the edge for me. I was already sold on the gorgeous campus, amazing facilities, endless clubs and activities, and Northwest location, so all I needed was that incredible classroom experience to help me make the decision. Whitman was the place for me, it just took a while to see it.

Useful Tips for the College Admission Process

Ever wonder what college admissions officers really think about SAT scores, college essays and emails from students? Well you’re in luck! The writers from Woman’s Day Magazine talked to admission officers across the country and compiled a list of ten useful tips for the admission process.

We hope this will answer a few of your questions about the application process. Reading this article may also produce some questions and we’d be happy to answer them for you. Check out our list of admission staff and email the officer assigned to your hometown.


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The Courage to be Unforgettable

Hello There!
I’ve missed you! I trust that you’re taking care of yourself and are in good health.

The reason you haven’t heard from me in months is that I’ve been focused on writing my first book. Part memoir, part style guide, The Worthy Wardrobe will help you build a wardrobe that honors your soul. Now that the book is almost complete, I’m ready to publish and I am asking for your support.

I thought a lot about posting this blog in these uncertain times, but a word that keeps coming to mind for me is courage. A few Sunday’s ago, my pastor referenced the biblical story of Peter joining Jesus in walking on water.  Before Peter left the boat, Jesus said “Have courage, it is I; do not be afraid.”  (Matthew 15:27)

In his sermon, Bishop Jack Bomar challenged us to have the courage to step off the boat and live the life we’re called to live.  Just as Peter had to trust Jesus, we each must trust that when we make that first step, God won’t let us drown.  Whatever that first step is, it takes courage to show up for yourself, your purpose and your calling.

By having the faith to be courageous with how we live, we then become unforgettable.  Our imprint on our communities is solidified and made permanent.  And by showing up for ourselves, we then inspire others to live the lives they were called to live.

Writing The Worthy Wardrobe required me to deeply reflect on my life and question some of my own truths.  As I interviewed over 70 women, I also came to acknowledge that our voices and our stories matter, and that they are more alike than different.  The same faith and courage that got this book written is the same faith and courage I am relying on when asking for your help in getting The Worthy Wardrobe published.

By joining my pre-sale campaign and purchasing a copy of my book, you’ll be helping me pay for my team of editors, graphic designers and marketing experts.  In exchange, you’ll get a signed copy delivered in July as well as access to my private Worthy Wardrobe online community.  In this private Facebook group, I will be sharing exclusive style tips, early access to chapters (where I’ll be looking to get your feedback) and requesting your input on my cover design.

I am so excited to share this process with you.  You can learn more about the book and campaign here:

I know for certain that my work on this planet is meant to include The Worthy Wardrobe.  It is my love letter to every woman who has felt like she wasn’t good enough, pretty enough, or that style wasn’t for her.  Learn more through the video link below.

Thank you for your support.  I can’t wait to reconnect and share this work with you and the world.

Yours in Style, Shopping & Soul,

Learn more about why I decided to write The Worthy Wardrobe

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Gravimetric Capillary Viscometer / Ubbelohde manual

Using gravity as the driving force, capillary viscometers are reliable and precise. They are widespread and have numerous standards referring to them. To obtain exact readings with the original glass capillary viscometers requires a high level of concentration from the operator when taking the flow time manually. Thermostat baths and suitable bath liquids that stay clear when measuring at low temperatures are essential in order to obtain correct results. Precise temperature equilibration takes typically several hours. The listed specifications apply to manual Ubbelohde capillaries.

  • Measured quantity: Time
  • Calculated quantity: Kinematic viscosity

Learn more about the Gravimetric Capillary Principle.

Many different capillaries (also referred to as 'tubes') are required to cover a wide viscosity range. Each Ubbelohde capillary can cover a range defined by its minimum viscosity times factor 5. For example, the range for type 0B is 1 mm2/s to 5 mm2/s.

  • Viscosity measuring range - 16 capillaries for the entire range: 0.3 mm2/s to 100,000 mm2
  • Repeatability: < 1 %
  • Reproducibility: 0.65 %
  • Temperature measuring range: -40°C (-40°F) to +200°C (392°F)

Sample throughput - max./hour for manual operation:

  • typically 2, depending on sample type and measuring conditions

Temperature control

A liquid bath is required for temperature control. The capillary is immersed in the bath.

The sample volume depends on the capillary used.

Typical sample volume for an Ubbelohde capillary: 18 mL

  • Suitable for transparent samples.
  • Other, reverse-flow glass capillary types are suitable also for opaque samples (e.g. Cannon-Fenske Opaque).

Standards and Norms

ISO 3104, ISO 3105, ASTM D445, ASTM D446, IP 71, BS 188, USP <911>

Viscometer type Gravimetric Capillary Viscometer / manual
Measuring principle Gravimetric Capillary Viscometer
Measured quantity time
Calculated quantity kinematic viscosity
Viscosity range - min 0.3 mm²/s
Viscosity range - max 100,000 mm²/s
Temperature - min -40°C
Temperature - max +200°C
Liquid bath thermostat required yes
Temperature change with same filling no
Automation possible no
Sample volume - typical 18 mL
Solvent volume - typical 30 mL
Sample throughput - max / h 2
Measuring accuracy < 1 %
Shear rate control no
Shear rate calculation no
Lab space approx. 0.5 m²
Standards and norms ISO 3104, ISO 3105, ASTM D 445, ASTM D 446, IP 71, BS 188, USP <911>

We offer typical values which are based on the values in brochures and standards but are not related to specific instruments.


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Difference between revisions of "Collin Monro of Tadcaster"

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Hi, I am Baron Collin Monro of Tadcaster 3rd Baron of Iron Bog, (Camden, Gloucester, and southern Burlington counties in NJ) I found the SCA at a Renfare in NJ back in 2000. A fencing booth set up by 2 SCAdians had me hooked after they took me for $15 (5 bouts @$3 each) Fencing was my first love but I have come to find many parts of our Society now ingrained into my being. Archery, autocrating and the friends I have found here will keep me active for a long time. I am one of the founding members of the Tadcaster Militia. A household that is a tight group of friends who share a love of rapier and has grown to be group of service junkies including Kingdom Officers, Landed Baronages and Peers.

Describe your persona and persona history (as much as you wish)

Offices & Positions

  • Name of Position, Location, mm/dd/yyyy to mm/dd/yyyy
  • List in Chronological order, oldest to newest

Event Staff

  • Name of Position, Name of Event, mm/dd/yyyy
  • List in Chronological order, oldest to newest

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People | - Belgium

Léon Wenger - President of Petrofina France

Born in Paris in 1879. With a scientific and legal background, he became interested in Romanian oil through a family business. He is doing his thesis on Oil, production, industry and trade. An officer after his mobilization on the Eastern Front, he learned German and Romanian, and became interested in geology. After the War, he entered liberated Bucharest and took control of the German Economic Bureau. Representative of France in the commission responsible for the evaluation of the indemnities due to Romania after the War, administrator of Petrofina in 1923, of the Bank of the Parisian union, he represents Petrofina on the board of directors of the PSC from from 1925. He negotiates and obtains for Petrofina France two contracts with the Soviets, one on gasoline, the other on oils. Close to Louis Pineau and Ernest Mercier, he actively participated in the drafting of the laws of 1928. He decided to build the Dunkirk refinery, organized the distribution network of Petrofina France and created the Franco-Soviet company Pétronaphte. In 1927-1928, he tried to train Petrofina, then Petrofina France in Venezuela; on behalf of French Petrofina he takes a permit in Cameroon, looking for other sources of oil than those available to Petrofina in Romania. He also pushes Petrofina to get closer to the Americans, first to obtain crude oil deliveries, but also to possibly invest in upstream oil. These orientations took shape at the end of the 1930s. In September 1939 he was sent to Romania to organize oil purchases for France and to prepare the destruction of the wells. Spotted, he ceased all activity during the War, then found administrative functions in various societies. He published his memories in 1959: 55 years of oil: 1904-1959. He died in 1962.

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Temple Freshman Blue Football

  • Overall Record: N/A
  • Conference Record: N/A

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Freshman Blue Football defeats Cove 30-22

The freshman blue football team closed out the 2019 season on Thursday night with a 30-22 victory over Copperas Cove at Wildcat Stadium. Quarterback Frank Hermosillo tallied the first Wildcat score with an 8 yard touchdown run with 4:10 left to play in the first quarter. Hermosillo then connected with Landon Halvorson for a 2-point

Freshman Football tops Waco 20-14

The Temple freshman blue and white football teams combined on Thursday to take on Waco High at Wildcat Stadium. During halftime a torrential rain storm hit and both teams returned to play in the third quarter. However, with 9:04 remaining in the fourth quarter, lighting sent both team into a weather delay and the game

Freshman Football game moved to 5:30

The freshman football game today vs. Waco has been moved to a 5:30 kickoff!  The game was originally scheduled for 6:00 but was moved up due to the weather. Game is still scheduled for Wildcat Stadium.

Wildcat Football game updates for week of Waco High

The Temple High football teams are scheduled to play Waco High this week in football. However, due to a lack of teams with Waco High, there have been some adjustments made to Thursday’s schedule. The freshman teams will combine to play one game against Waco on Thursday at Wildcat Stadium beginning at 6:00 The junior

Wildcat Football scrimmage schedule at College Station

COLLEGE STATION – The Temple Wildcat football teams will travel to College Station on Friday, August 23rd to scrimmage the College Station Cougars at College Station High School. The varsity scrimmage is scheduled for 6:15 at Cougar Stadium. The junior varsity teams will scrimmage at Cougar Stadium beginning at 5:00. The freshman teams will scrimmage

Get my updates for Temple Wildcat Freshman Football 2019-2020!

Freshman football parents and athletes, Two ways to sign up with Remind to get up to date on the latest information: Click the link: To sign up for Temple Wildcat Freshman Football 2019-2020 notifications, please visit https://www.remind.com/join/twff19 Text:

Wildcat Football Parent Meeting set for Saturday, August 17

There will be a pair of Wildcat Football parent meetings on Saturday, August 17th at the Wildcat Fieldhouse. All parents of Wildcat football players are required to attend. The meeting will be held in the varsity football locker room at the Wildcat Fieldhouse. Parents of freshman football players will meet with Coach Stewart at 9:00

Picture day for Wildcat Football set for August 17

Picture day for the 2019 Wildcat Football teams are scheduled for Saturday, August the 17th at Wildcat Stadium. Varsity, junior varsity and student athletic trainer pictures will begin around 7:00 am with the freshman teams will follow at approximately 9:00 am. Shutter Magic will be providing the photography and player and parents may purchase packets

Temple Football Freshman Practice Schedule Aug. 5th-9th

Freshman Camp Schedule 2019 (1) The following must be completed before any equipment is issued to an athlete: 1. A current Physical/Medical History form on file with TISD. All forms must be turned into the Athletic Trainer only. 2. Three Online Documents must be filled out. Those are found at bit.ly/tisdforms or wildcatstrong.com, go to

Temple ISD to offer free athletic physicals April 16th

TISD Free Athletic Physicals for the 2018-19 school year will be provided on Monday, April 16th, 2018 beginning around 5pm in the Temple High School gyms.  UIL requires that all incoming 7th, 9th, and 11th grade student athletes must have a new Pre-Participation Physical.  Students must bring a completed medical history form signed by the parent


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LT and AL at court April 2016
Lara Tessaro (left) and Anastasia Lintner (right) at the Ontario Court of Appeal.

Wildlands League and Ontario Nature, represented by Lara Tessaro and Anastasia Lintner, were at the Ontario Court of Appeal recently appealing the troubling decision by a lower court that puts already endangered species at further risk of extinction. We’ll keep you posted on a decision.

In the meantime, we thought we’d ask Lara and Anastasia a few burning questions. They inspire us and we thought they might inspire you too.

Here are Anastasia’s answers. If you missed Lara’s answers see Part One.

Why do you do this work?

My parents instilled an eco-ethic in me from the very beginning. I’ve been fortunate that I’ve had opportunities to shape my career path toward furthering environmental protection, starting with being an academic and environmental economist and then moving on to become a lawyer.

What motivates you?

Two things. Helping people understand the economic and political lay of the land with respect to the importance of ecosystems; ensuring access to legal information and services. Seeking wins for environmental protection and conservation within the legal system.

Why on earth did you take this appeal for free?

The case is important to me personally. The legal profession requires that lawyers remember their duty to the public interest, and that’s part of it too. It’s also because species need a voice and I want to ensure that folks like Wildlands League that are willing to stand up for species are given opportunity to do so. Finally, I wanted to see this case through. I had been assisting Wildlands League, Ontario Nature, and their partners in their efforts to reform and implement Ontario’s species at risk legislation for most of my career as a lawyer. I also had been working with the very talented Lara Tessaro on this file when it was before Divisional Court. I’m honoured to be able to continue working with her on the appeal.

What do you think of the legal process when it comes to environmental issues and holding our governments to account?

My biggest frustration is that going to court in an adversarial system results in winners and losers. While degradation of biodiversity affects us all. That’s why I work to seek reform in our legal systems so that we are all held to account for ensuring healthy ecosystems, which form the foundation of healthy economic, social, and cultural systems.

Ana in one of her natural habitats.
Anastasia in one of her natural habitats.

What made you want to become a lawyer?

Strangely, it was my high school dream to become a lawyer. I had that path planned out – two years of business administration followed by early entrance to law school. That’s not the path that I took. In my final year of high school, my parents arranged for me to talk to various folks in various professions that I might want to pursue. The lawyer I spoke to was so unhappy in his role that it impacted my decision about where to focus my energy. Instead of law, I ended up pursuing economics and was inspired by the then emerging discipline of environmental and natural resource economics. I became the first graduate of the natural resource and environmental economics PhD program at the University of Guelph. After several years in my career as an academic at Memorial University of Newfoundland, I decided that I would attempt law school. When I mentioned this to my parents, they said, “It’s about time!”

What’s your favourite endangered or threatened species in Ontario? In Canada? Why?

Tough question. There’s so many that are special to me. I’m fond of the American Chestnut because it reminds me of when we collected and played with chestnuts as a child. Similarly, I’m fond of Fowler’s Toad because it reminds me of how the toads used to get in my grandparents’ window wells. I also adore the Small White Lady’s-slipper because they are beautiful. Nationally, my favourite is the barn swallow, also because it reminds me of my childhood. I guess you’d say that most of my favourites are inspired by nostalgia.

What should the public know about this case that they might not have heard about yet?

For me, it is important that everyone know that this case is not just about the exemption regulation. The Ontario Court of Appeal has been asked to determine the purpose of the province’s endangered species legislation. Is the overarching purpose the protection and recovery of species at risk (as Wildlands League and Ontario Nature have argued)?

How important is this case? Why does it matter?

Answering the question about the purpose of Ontario’s endangered species law is not just important to how this case is determined, it also impacts all decisions that are made under that law going forward. There are currently 161 endangered and threatened species in Ontario. Decisions made for these vulnerable species ought to be focussed on ensuring that they all once again thrive in Ontario.

How can we thank you?

You have already honoured me with your words of thanks and a copy of that awesome poster. All I need is for you to keep up your conservation efforts!

Wildlands League’s limited edition poster marking our appeal to the Ontario Court of Appeal.
Wildlands League’s limited edition poster marking our appeal to the Ontario Court of Appeal.

Do you prefer canoeing or kayaking? (we ask this of everyone it’s an ongoing debate in our office)

Canoeing! I confess, I haven’t spent much time kayaking. Right now, I can’t even recall if I’ve actually kayaked more than once. I have, however, spent lots of time in a canoe, starting when I was quite young. I’ve canoed with friends and family for decades, primarily in Ontario’s backcountry. Our summer canoe vacations are sources of great joy and often some adversity; I look forward to them every year, even more so now that our young son comes along with us!

Is there anything else you’d like to add?

Here’s some food for thought. It’s something that my spouse highlighted in the lead up to the hearing. He finds it curious that, in a situation where a law such as the Endangered Species Act which benefits all Ontarians is challenged, public money is used to fund the government’s arguments about why the province can favour industry and push vulnerable species to the brink of extinction, while nonprofit organizations like yours need to rely on supporters and volunteers to argue that the Legislature intended species at risk to be given priority. It just doesn’t seem right. Though there are some opportunities for public funding to participate in legal decision-making and processes, there ought to be more attention brought to this issue.

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Our Films

Berenice Abbott: A View of the 20th Century

A Film by Kay Weaver and Martha Wheelock (1993)

$24.95  |  DVD HOME USE  |  57 MINUTES

Critics place Berenice Abbott (1898 – 1991) at the head of her class; she was one of the greatest American photographers of the 20th Century. From her portraits of the avant-garde taken in Paris during the 1920’s, to her documentation of New York in the 1930’s, to her science photography of the ’50s, and her studies of small-town America, Abbott’s genius is in the incredible range of her work. Filmed during her 91st and 92nd years, the open-hearted Abbott takes us on a guided tour of her century. Berenice Abbott, Penn StationThe tour teaches history, perseverance, courage, and single-minded dedication to one’s chosen field.

“The range of her work is unparalleled in the History of American Photography: portrait, epic documentation of a city, and the science photographs – all executed with a clear, straightforward, honest vision by a woman who was clearly ahead of her time.

Abbott’s first-person narrative is infused with over 200 of her pristine, classic black and white photographs, and commentary by leading scholars and critics. A brilliant film about a brilliant American Artist!
Michael Healy, KCET-PBS

Blue Ribbon American Film Festival 1993

Gold Apple, National Educational Film Festival, 1993

Chicago Film Festival, 1992


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A simple power law pseudo-random number generator

Today I needed some non-uniform random numbers. Most pseudo random number generators such as the rand(3) function return numbers that are drawn from a uniform distribution, so for example with rand(3) you have an approximately equal chance of getting and number between 0 and RAND_MAX. However in many real world situations some numbers occur much more frequently than others. For example, on average most programs make many more small memory allocations than large ones. Graphing the distribution of allocation sizes you get something that looks like a power law distribution. I don’t know if allocations always follow this type of pattern in all applications or whether it is in fact a true power law distribution, but it seems like a reasonable approximation.

So how can we generate random numbers that are drawn from a power law distribution? The easiest way is to use the standard uniform random number generator and transform the results. Below is some code in C that does that. It looks quite complex but gcc handles the constant propagation and the generated code is quite simple with only a single call to drand48.

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

get_block_size (void)
  /* Inverse square.  */
  double exponent = -2;
  /* Minimum value of distribution.  */
  double dist_min = MIN_ALLOCATION_SIZE;
  /* Maximum value of distribution.  */
  double dist_max = MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE;

  double min_pow = pow (dist_min, exponent + 1);
  double max_pow = pow (dist_max, exponent + 1);

  return (size_t) pow((max_pow - min_pow) * drand48 ()
                      + min_pow, 1 / (exponent + 1));

How not to do indirect calls on ARM

The Thumb2 instruction encoding can reduce your code size by up to 30%, so it is nice if you’re writing assembler code to use the unified syntax which will allow your code to be encoded as either ARM or Thumb2 seamlessly. Or almost seamlessly – even though the unified syntax is the same for ARM and Thumb2 encodings, there are still some things you have to bear in mind when writing code for Thumb2.

For example, the following code implements an indirect call:

       mov     lr, pc         @ Save return address in lr
       ldr     pc, [sp], #8   @ Load function address

This code will not work correctly on Thumb2. Switching mode from ARM to Thumb happens when an address with the bottom bit set is jumped to, this can be by a branch, an ldr or a mov. However the pc does not store the Thumb mode bit, so moving from the pc as we do in the first instruction above will not capture the information that this is a return to a Thumb function. A better sequence would be:

       ldr     lr, [sp], #8   @ Load function address
       blx     lr             @ Call function

The blx instruction is only available on ARMv5 and above however, so if you need portability to historical ARM cores you may need to do a bit more work.

Debugging check unit tests with gdb

check is a unit testing framework for C code that provides a number of neat features, including running tests after a fork in order to catch any fatal signals that may be caused by a broken test. Unfortunately this can have the side effect of making debugging a failing test with gdb more painful than it needs to be.

There’s a simple way to get around this however – set the CK_FORK environment variable to disable the fork before running tests:

$ gdb my_check_test
GNU gdb (GDB) Fedora (7.5.1-38.fc18)
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
Reading symbols from /tmp/my_check_test...done.
(gdb) set environment CK_FORK=no
(gdb) run

Simple lock-free ring buffer implementation

Recently I was looking for some code to pass buffers between two threads in a memory allocator benchmark. The code had to be low overhead enough to ensure that it wouldn’t obscure the performance characteristics of the code being benchmarked, so I was looking for a data structure that was lock-free and reasonably simple and fast. It also had to avoid calling the allocator at any point.

The code below is what I came up with – it’s a blocking, single producer, single consumer lock-free ring buffer FIFO queue.

 * Copyright (c) 2013, Linaro Limited
 * Licensed under the 3 clause BSD license.

#ifndef __LFQ_H__
#define __LFQ_H__

struct lfq {
  volatile unsigned int producer;
  volatile unsigned int consumer;
  size_t queue_size;
  void **data;

/* Initialize a struct lfq with a size and array of memory. */
static inline void lfq_init(struct lfq *q, size_t queue_size,
			    void **data)
  q->queue_size = queue_size;
  q->data = data;
  q->producer = 0;
  q->consumer = 0;

/* Internal function to backoff on contention. */
static inline void __lfq_backoff(void)

/* Dequeue an item from the ring. Spin waiting if it is empty. */
static inline void *lfq_dequeue(struct lfq *q)
  void *ret;
  while (q->producer == q->consumer)
  ret = q->data[q->consumer % q->queue_size];
  return ret;

/* Enqueue an item onto the ring. Spin waiting if it is full. */
static inline void lfq_queue(struct lfq *q, void *item)
  while (q->producer - q->consumer >= q->queue_size)
  q->data[q->producer % q->queue_size] = item;

/* Test is the queue is empty. */
static inline bool lfq_empty(struct lfq *q)
  return q->producer == q->consumer;

Using GNU indirect functions

GNU indirect functions are an extension of ELF that allows you to make a decision about which implementation of a function to use at link time. This allows you to choose the fastest code for a particular processor, which is very useful if you’re shipping your code as binaries. It involves an ELF symbol type (STT_GNU_IFUNC) and a new dynamic relocation (R_*_IRELATIVE) which have been added to the GNU ld and gold linkers and the glibc dynamic linker. Support exists for arm, powerpc, s390, sparc, i386 and x86_64 with aarch64 support coming soon.

Indirect functions aren’t used very widely at the moment, as far as I can tell only glibc uses them at the moment for things like string functions, but they can be used by any other application or library. I’ll try and explain with a short example how they can be used.

#include  /* Needed for HWCAP definitions. */

static void func1_neon(void)
	printf("NEON implementationn");

static void func1_vfp(void)
	printf("VFP implementationn");

static void func1_arm(void)
	printf("ARM implementationn");

/* This line makes func1 a GNU indirect function. */
asm (".type func1, %gnu_indirect_function");

void *func1(unsigned long int hwcap)
	if (hwcap & HWCAP_ARM_NEON)
		return &func1_neon;
	else if (hwcap & HWCAP_ARM_VFP)
		return &func1_vfp;
		return &func1_arm;

This code defines a resolver function, func1, which returns a pointer to a function implementation based on the value of hwcap that is passed to it. The value of hwcap is architecture specific and on some architectures, like x86_64, it is not passed at all, and you have to determine hardware capabilities by hand.

int main(void)
	return 0;

This main function must be defined in a separate file to prevent the compiler from getting the wrong type for func1. Somewhat confusingly the function called func1 from the caller’s perspective is of the type of its implementations rather than of the type of the indirect function. All indirect functions have the same prototype – they take an optional hwcap argument and return a pointer to a function.

Build these two pieces of code and link them together:

# gcc -O2 ifunc.c -c
# gcc -O2 main.c -c
# gcc main.o ifunc.o -o ifunc
# ./ifunc
NEON implementation

This is the result I get on my ARM Chromebook, your result will vary depending on which hardware you actually have. So why is this better than the alternatives? You could dispatch to the optimized routine dynamically yourself, but that adds an extra comparison and indirect call to every call to the function and you will also have to find the hardware capabilities yourself, which can be tricky. Alternatively you could build optimized libraries for every bit of hardware you support, but this takes up a lot of disk space and takes more significant infrastructure to dynamically open the correct library.

Indirect functions are not without their downsides however. They are currently supported only on Linux with the GNU toolchain and only on a subset of Linux supported architectures, and in some cases the tools are not very well tested yet – for example, at the moment this will only work correctly on ARM with the as yet unreleased glibc 2.18 due to a bug in the dynamic linker – but they are a powerful tool that deserves to be more widely used.

The usefulness of gcc -Wextra

gcc is really great tool for finding errors in your code, but it helps to pass it the right flags to make sure it doesn’t forget to tell you about them. I would always recommend enabling -Wall on whatever code you build, and if possible -Werror. However, sometimes this is not enough, for example, the code below has a subtle bug:

int func(char *buf)
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
        if (buf[i] != 0xff)
            return 1;

    return 0;

If we compile this with gcc:

# gcc -O2 -S -Wall func.c

The assembly output is given below.

        .globl  func
        .type   func, @function
        movl    $1, %eax

It looks like all our code has disappeared! gcc has taken advantage of the fact the type information in the code to decide that the loop can be elided completely and optimized it out. This is because c is a pointer to signed char (on x86_64, other architectures define char as unsigned and will not optimize this out) and 0xff is an integer constant that will not fit in a signed char, hence the comparison will never be true and the loop has no effect.

This behaviour is perfectly fine with respect to the C standard, however I do think gcc should warn when it is performing this type of transformation. If we build with clang (the LLVM C compiler), we get:

# clang -O2 -S func.c
func.c:8:14: warning: comparison of constant 255 with expression of type 'char' is always true [-Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare]
                if (buf[i] != 0xff)
                    ~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~
1 warning generated.

Which seems much more appropriate than silence. gcc can be fixed to generate an error with -Wextra or -Wtype-limits:

gcc -O2 -S -Wall -Wextra func.c
func.c: In function ‘func’:
func.c:8:3: warning: comparison is always true due to limited range of data type [-Wtype-limits]

-Wextra can be problematic however as it contains a number of warnings that are quite noisy and uninteresting, for example -Wunused-parameter, so you may have to experiment a little to apply it to your codebase.

calloc versus malloc and memset

The standard C library provides two ways to allocate memory from the heap, calloc and malloc. They differ superficially in their arguments but more fundamentally in the guarantees they provide about the memory they return – calloc promises to fill any memory returned with zeros but malloc does not.

It would appear that the following two code snippets are equivalent:

/* Allocating with calloc. */
void *ptr = calloc(1024, 1024);
/* Allocating with malloc. */
void *ptr = malloc(1024*1024);
memset(ptr, 0, 1024*1024);

Functionally the two snippets of code are the same – they allocate 1MB of memory full of zeros from the heap – but in one subtle way they may not be.

The standard allocator on Linux is ptmalloc, part of glibc, which for large allocations of 128kB or above may use the mmap system call to allocate memory. The mmap system call returns a mapping of zeroed pages, and ptmalloc avoids calling memset for calloc allocations made with mmap to avoid the overhead involved. So what does this mean?

In order to return an allocation of zeroed pages the kernel plays a trick. Instead of allocating however many pages are required and writing zeros into them, it allocates a single page filled with zeroes, and every time it needs a page full of zeros it maps the same one.

Only one page is allocated initially and subsequent pages are allocated as needed when they are written to (copy on write), saving memory and allowing the allocation to be completed quickly. The allocation starts out looking like the picture on the left, and then as pages are written to would eventually end up looking like the picture on the right.

Normally this behaviour is beneficial to the performance and memory usage of your system however it caught me out when running some code to benchmark memory copy routines. Allocating a source buffer for a copy benchmark with calloc is not the same as using initialized memory, the zero page is a single physical page, so a physically tagged cache can quite comfortably contain the whole of your source buffer even if the buffer you allocated was much larger than the cache.

So in special situations like benchmarking it is best to think carefully before using calloc, but in general it can be a useful tool to improve the memory usage and performance of your code.

ARM C++ constructors are different

Programmers who have, like me, come to ARM from other architectures may find one or two things surprising.

For example, the following code is quite simple C++:

class A {
    A() {}
    ~A() {}

A a;

int main(void)
    return 0;

But if we compile it and examine it with gdb, there’s something a bit unexpected:

$ gcc -g constructor.cpp -o constructor
$ gdb ./constructor
GNU gdb (GDB)
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "arm-linux-gnueabihf".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
Reading symbols from /home/linaro/constructor...done.
(gdb) ptype A::A
type = class A {
} *(A * const)
(gdb) ptype A::~A
type = void *(A * const)

The types of the constructor and destructor are not quite what we might expect. Traditionally a C++ constructor or destructor does not return a value, however on ARM things are different – the constructor returns a pointer to class A, and the destructor returns a pointer to void.

Why is this the case? On ARM constructors and destructors are specified differently in order to provide scope for optimizing calls to a chain of constructors or destructors while minimizing the pushing stack frames (tail call optimization). There’s a very helpful document available here called the C++ ABI for the ARM Architecture which details the differences between the ARM ABI and the Generic GNU C++ ABI including this little quirk.


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Windigo Baltic

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Home / Legal News / Assembly to consider raising smoking age from 18 to 21

Assembly to consider raising smoking age from 18 to 21

MADISON, Wis. (AP) — The state Assembly was poised Thursday to approve a bill that would raise the smoking age in Wisconsin.

Right now a person must be at least 18 to buy cigarettes, tobacco products and nicotine products. The bipartisan bill would raise the age to 21.

An early version of the bill also barred anyone under 21 from purchasing vaping products. The chief Assembly sponsor, Republican John Spiros, deleted that language, much to the chagrin of children’s groups and health advocates. The Association of Wisconsin School Administrators, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association and the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin all have registered in opposition to the bill.

Sixteen groups led by the American Heart Association sent an email to legislators on Monday urging them to reinsert vaping products in the bill, saying the products can cause cancer and lung disease and exempting them would confuse the police.

Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald said that chamber may take up the bill on its final session day in March.

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The 200th Blog Spectacularsaurus!

Fresh Prince

Holy 200 blogs, Batman! Wizard Dojo has amassed 200 blogs!

Once again I was hesitant in making a celebratory blog like this, as it feels somewhat self-aggrandizing. Like I’m giving myself a pat on the back. And just like my 100 blog milestone, I just said what the hell and went with it anyway. Back pats all around!

Naturally, the best way to celebrate a centennial blog of any kind is abandoning your dignity and replacing it with a series of gifs.

Fresh Prince

I didn’t stop with the gifs, however, and as an added bonus I’ve updated the About Page and fleshed out the page describing my scoring system (because all anyone cares about are the numbers). I also added some additional links in the links page to some of my fellow bloggers. I’ve even been toying with the idea of a FAQ page, but in order to make a section dedicated to frequently asked questions, I think I should at first have some frequently asked questions.

Fresh Prince

Honestly, I don’t know what else I should be writing here. After all, this is just a self-loving appreciation post. I could have written a review or some form of top 10 list as the 200th blog or something. But I didn’t. I went the way of self-promotion. Because self-promotion.

Talon & Ingo

I suppose I should point out some of my upcoming whozits and whatzits galore while we’re here. For those who don’t know, this month marks the 20th anniversary of the release of Toy Story, as well as the 20th anniversary of the release of Donkey Kong Country 2. So I’ll probably be writing some Pixar and Donkey Kong related stuff in the near future. Great, now that I’ve written it I’m held to it. I’ve trapped myself.

I also soon plan on making a list of the top 10 Wii U games (so far). Despite snarky internet opinion, the Wii U’s lackluster sales don’t reflect the quality of its games. It actually has quite an impressive library and it’s a shame more people haven’t experienced its gems (of course, these people also thought the original Wii sucked because it sold well, so Nintendo is damned if they do, damned if they don’t I suppose).

Additionally, I am in the early planning stages of making my own list of favorite video games of all time. I’ve played enough video games that I could list 50 or even 100 games if I so chose, but I won’t do that. Because who on Earth actually has a sixty-third favorite video game? I’ll probably stick with a nice number like thirty, though ten of them may be non-numbered runners up, because who even has a twenty-seventh favorite game? Or maybe they’ll all be numbered to appease my OCD, who knows. The point is, I’m working on the list, and though I can’t say for sure when I’ll finish it, I have top men on the case.

Top Men

By this point this blog has become nothing but long-winded nonsense, so I’ll mercifully try to wrap this up. I just want to thank my wonderful readers for their support, and for taking the time to read my reviews and rants when they could be reading anything else. Maybe one day I can get some other people to help me expand this site, that way I won’t have to congratulate myself every time this site reaches a new milestone (but I probably will anyway).

I’ve made it to 200 blogs here on at the Dojo, but let’s hope this is only the beginning. Thanks for reading! Now I’m going to continue complimenting myself.

Author: themancalledscott

Born of cold and winter air and mountain rain combining, the man called Scott is an ancient sorcerer from a long-forgotten realm. He’s more machine now than man, twisted and evil. Or, you know, he could just be some guy who loves video games, animations and cinema who just wanted to write about such things.

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Peep the video above to learn how to make your own DIY face mask using 2 rubber bands and a bandanna.

And this video (below) will show you three different ways to make your own homemade mask. One similar to the one above, one with a paper towel, and a cool one with a shirt that should be super easy to execute.

Again, these DIY masks do not supersede the CDC guidelines. Please do not let them give you the idea that these alone will protect your from the coronavirus. Stay at home, social distancing, wash your hands and more are still in place. And these are not surgical grade/N95 masks. You're making them at home. They won't provide the same level of protection. They are more steps (recommendations) to help in preventing the spread of the virus.

And now that you've made your own face mask, we wanted to give you some quick DO's and Don't about using it.

  • You should take off your mask by removing the elastics or straps from behind your ears.
  • Think of a mask as like underwear: It needs to be washed after each use.
  • So if you're wearing a cloth mask, put it into the laundry basket immediately. If it's disposable, throw it away.
  • It's a big no-no to pull the mask down to eat a snack, then pull it back up: You've just gotten whatever dirty stuff is on the mask on your hands and into your mouth.

Source credit for this article are our friends at NPR and they have a great in-dept article on why these DIY masks are being suggested to help in battle against Covid-19 and you can find that article in full when you click HERE.

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Hello! My name is Erin, and I am an artist living in upstate New York.

My Etsy shop, Wondroustrange, is currently stocked with downloadable coloring pages.

I have a Master’s Degree in Medieval English Literature, and a Bachelor’s in English with a minor in oil painting.

I am experimenting with new mediums, honing my craft, and finding my voice. My patterns are available to license, and if you’re interested in one of my paintings or a commission, you can drop me a line via the contact page.


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The world’s most favourite slipper?

I have had many wool slippers in my life but I need to admit that none of them were what you could call pretty or stylish. There were several slippers knitted and then felted by my mom which I loved (thanks Mom!). Then there were these traditional felted wool slippers from Mongolia which I wore a long time before my dog Cooper decided he liked them better once he chewed on them. I always loved each and every single one of my wool slippers because they were so comfortable but having stylish wool slippers seemed to be a match just not possible. Until I met Mahabis US slippers!

Colours and materials

Mahabis slippers are made out of felted wool with a wool fleece lining and detachable rubber soles. The slippers come in two colours – dark grey and light grey. Once you chose a colour of your slipper you then get to choose between seven different coloured rubber soles. I bought the light grey slipper with black and also mint soles. I do switch the soles from time to time but have a preference for the black soles somehow. The heel is made out of neoprene which makes it easy to slip into the shoe easily. The inside sole of slipper is also made out of nylon.

Allround use

The slippers are super comfortable to wear in summer and winter. You can wear them with and without socks. The rubber sole does allow you to walk with them outside your house, but Mahabis does not recommend that you actually take a walk in them or do any other physical activity in them. I agree that besides their versatility they are still slippers and destined for walking around the house and relaxing only. When I, for example, play intensely with my dog the soles do tend to slip off. You would not want that to happen when you walk outside. However, they are great for quickly watering the flowers on the balcony or the terrace without having to change shoes. And if you want to put up your feet on the sofa or bed but wish to keep your slippers on, you can just remove the sole.

Mahabis Slippers without rubber cap Wool Lifestyle Blog

Caring for the Mahabis slippers

I tend to be a bit clumsy. I always let things drop including food. So, of course, I also dropped a spoon with tomato sauce and the tomato sauce hit my Mahabis slippers as well. The sauce came easily off with a damp cloth and I don’t see any red stains remaining. So you don’t need to worry that your slippers will get dirty. Mahabis does not recommend washing the slippers in the washing machine as they might lose their shape and then the plastic rubber sole might also not be willing to fit onto the slipper any longer. If you do wish to wash them only use the wool wash cycle at 30°C or lower with Woolmark approved washing detergent.

As I write this, I own my slippers for around 6 months. The felt does tend to have a little bit of pilling which is normal with wool. Shorter wool fibres inside the felt come loose and form these little bobbles on the surface of the shoe. You can easily take the pilling off and the shoe looks just as great.

I never take off the detachable sole. I recently noticed that the wool has rubbed off in two very small places on top of the slipper at the edge of the rubber sole. There is no whole, but you can see the lining shine through as the wool as rubbed off from wear. You cannot really see it when wearing the slippers with the sole, only when you take the sole off you see these small areas. I don’t think it is a quality issue, it is just normal to have a little bit of wear and tear.

Price and shipping

Mahabis slippers cost 90 EUR or 110 US$. You may argue that the price is quite high for a slipper. But then again it is a wool slipper, which means the main material used for the felt and the sheep fleece is already higher for manufacturing the product. In addition, the price also acknowledges the design, creativity and comfort the product gives you. Worldwide shipping is included in the price and delivery was quick.

Mahabis claims that their slippers are the world’s favorite slipper. I cannot say anything about that. But if you are looking for a comfortable, stylish and versatile slipper, then you will be happy with a pair of Mahabis slippers.

Check out the Mahabis slippers for yourself by visiting the Mahabis US website (affiliate link – by using this link to purchase your own Mahabis slippers you help this website sustain itself to deliver free content).

Do you already own a pair? Which colours did you choose and combine? Leave me a comment below or post a picture of your pair onto my Facebook page.

mahabis-lifestyle slippers Wool Lifestyle

The Baabuk Sneaker is a comfortable everyday cool shoe

The first felted wool shoes I ever bought was the Baabuk Sneaker. I chose the light grey colour with turquoise laces, lining and stitching. I opted for the sneakers instead of the runners because I liked the more relaxed fit and style. I also did not want to use them to actually run or do sports in them but rather wear them everyday (which I do).

Baabuk is a startup based out of Switzerland who raised money successfully on Kickstarter to fund their product launch. Baabuk also offers felted wool slippers, wool urban runners, wool sneakers and felted wool boots. In fact the team at Baabuk raised money for all their new product launches successfully which is quite an achievement.

While the Baabuk Urban Wool Runner looks more like a running shoe, the Baabuk Sneaker has a more relaxed street fashion style which I like better for everyday shoes. The sneaker goes well with any kind of jeans or trousers or shorts.

The Baabuk Sneaker comes in 5 different colour combinations. Three in light grey, one dark blue and one light blue. I love how they always combine two different colours which give the shoe a fresh look. The light grey comes with a white sole and either turquoise or orange laces, lining and stitching. The third light grey has a black sole and black laces, lining and stitching. The dark blue combines everything in white and the light blue has a white sole as well and yellow laces, lining and stitching.

The shoes are super comfortable to wear. Over time the felt does give way and fits a bit looser compared to the beginning.
I often wear them without socks during summer when I just quickly want to go outside with the dog or run an errand. However, the felted wool can feel a little bit scratchy if you have sensitive skin. I wear my sneakers in the summertime as well as in the beginning of winter before it is time for boots. The shoes don’t feel too hot in summers and are comfortable in winter as well. The sole does not have a lot of grip, so you want to be careful in winters on wet or slippery grounds.

The only time these shoes are not the best option is during heavy rain or walking through wet grass. A little bit of water or rain is no problem as the rain either rolls right off or does not feel wet. The reason for this is that wool can absorb water up to 35% of its own weight without feeling wet. However, if this limit is crossed then the shoes, socks and feet do get wet and the shoe can start to feel heavy.

Baabuk Sneaker Product Review_ Wool Lifestyle

Due to wool’s properties, the shoes are naturally antibacterial as well as temperature regulating. This means that your feet will not feel too cold or too hot because the wool in the shoe breathes and ensures the right temperature around your feet. The shoes will also not smell easily because of the antibacterial properties of the wool used inside the shoe. Bacteria don’t like the environment of wool and therefore don’t start to grow on the fiber which means less smell.

Taking care

I have spilled already tomato sauce on my shoes and it was easy to get the stains out. Baabuk claims that it is possible to wash your sneakers in the washing machine at 30 degrees. I already washed mine once on the wool cycle with wool detergent and they turned out fine. Only the cotton shoelaces remained a bit dirty, so it is maybe worth while washing them separately on a cotton cycle.

Baabuk Sneaker grey Wool Lifestyle Blog

The Baabuk brand

Baabuk is a company founded in 2013 in Switzerland by Galina and Dan. Creating innovative products that are connected to craft and tradition is their passion. Transparancy and a ethical supply chain is also part of the Baabuk DNA.

All their 4 different sneakers, slippers and boots are made out of wool felt. The Urban sneaker is made out of Portuguese wool that originates from the Serra Da Estrela in the north of the countries.  The shoe is also manufactured in Portugal. Portugal has a long history and expertise in shoemaking. In addition, Baabuk works with partners who have the aim of bringing new employment to the Portuguese regions. Baabuk is quite open about how their products are made and you can read more details on the Baabuk website.

I am definitely going to buy myself a second pair of Baabuk Sneaker and I have my eyes on the dark blue ones. How about you? Are Baabuk wool sneakers of interest to you and if yes, which ones?

Visit the Baabuk website by clicking here.

Turn your favorite designer chair into wool chair

After my husband and I moved in together, we were still using chairs and tables that we collected during our studies and first jobs. I contributed the dining room chairs and my husband the table and they were an odd match. I had auctioned my 4 chairs from my parent’s country club when it was closed down for a total of 20 EUR. Whenever you had to sit on them for a longer dinner with friends they would become quite uncomfortable. We decided it was time to invest into a new dining room set. My husband already knows me so well, that it went without saying that any chair entering our home had to be a wool chair.

After a little bit of research, we found furniture companies who have on the one hand chairs covered with fabric and on the other hand the option to choose the type of fabric yourself.
We ended up at BoConcept as we liked their chair called Adelaide. In addition, BoConcept offers a range of felted wool fabrics in different colours to choose from.

Blue chair front Blue chair back Wool Lifestyle Blog Blue Chair side angle Blue chair back Wool Lifestyle Blog Blue chair back Wool Lifestyle Blog

We chose the Adelaide chair in two different styles, 4 without an armrest and two with. In addition to mixing the style of the chairs around our dining room table, we also decided to mix the colours and chose grey and blue. It was a little bit difficult for us to imagine what it would look like, but BoConcept has a digital design tool to help the undecided. The design tool simulates your dining room and shows you how the chairs and table would look in your own setting. This made the decision process much easier.

The felted fabric is a blend of 80% wool and 20 % polyamide. Of course, the wool felt fabric is one of the more expensive fabrics you can choose from but I believe the durability will outlive the price long term.

It took a few weeks for the chairs to get manufactured. Once the chairs finally arrived at our house we were very happy with our choice. The chairs blend in well with the rest of our furniture. The chairs are comfortable which makes me enjoy long dinner parties more now. I also like the warmth the fabric gives to the room compared to a solid wood or plastic chair.

We were a little bit afraid of getting any stains on the chairs. Of course, within the first two weeks, we got tomato sauce stains on one of the chairs. After a meal of spaghetti, a knife with tomato sauce fell off one of the plates while clearing the table and onto one of the chairs. Tomato marks were splattered all over the chair. Magically the tomato sauce came easily out with a damp cloth. I also used a baby wipe and voila no stains left on the felted wool fabric.

Grey Wool Chair front Blue chair back Wool Lifestyle Blog Grey Wool Chair side angle Blue chair back Wool Lifestyle Blog Grey Wool Chair back Blue chair back Wool Lifestyle Blog

If you are worried about stains, BoConcept also offers a product that you spray on the fabric to make the fabric more stain resistant. I own it but I am yet to use it. The company also offers a stain remover in case you might not be successful tidying up a stain, but simple house cleaning products worked for me so far.

If you are planning to invest into new dining room chairs, I can only recommend considering chairs covered in felted wool fabric. Just ask at your favorite furniture store if they offer individual upholstering and if they have a fabric range containing wool. If your furniture company does not have their own fabrics or does not offer wool felt among its options, you can always ask if you can supply your own fabric.

Here is a link to the Adelaide chair on the US BoConcept website. Make sure to change to your local BoConcept site if you are looking for prices and options in your local currency.


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