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Are Prescription Meds Making COVID-19 Infections More Lethal for Seniors?

In the torrent of information about COVID, one aspect of the crisis is conspicuously missing – the manner in which the medication burden people are already under may compromise their response to the infection.  RxISK has published the only paper dealing with this, in downloadable English and Spanish PDFs:” – Dr. David Healy, MD

“During the present COVID-19 pandemia, all medications should be critically reviewed and where possible de-prescribed, in order to decrease not only the risk of pneumonia and its complications, but also other adverse effects which frequently lead to hospital admission (e.g., fractures).” Dr. Joan-Ramon Laporte, MD

In the present situation of pandemia by SARS-CoV-2, it is imperative to avoid pneumonia and related risk factors as much as possible. The consumption of various commonly used medicines increases the risk of – and complications from – pneumonia. Prescription medications can increase the risk of pneumonia by depressing immunity and other protective mechanisms. Such medicines can also increase pneumonia risk by causing sedation, which may increase the risk of aspiration by depressing pulmonary ventilation, or by a combination of these mechanisms.

The impact of the association between exposure to certain drugs and infection or pneumonia depends on the prevalence of use of the concerned drug, the magnitude of the relative risk, and the baseline incidence of the condition (i.e., infection, pneumonia).

Drugs Which Increase the Risk of Pneumonia

Antipsychotic Drugs (APs)

Antipsychotic agents (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, haloperidol, among others) are associated with a 1.7 to 3-fold risk of hospitalization for pneumonia,[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6] and of mortality by pneumonia. According to the Journal of the American Geriatric Society, “Current use of antipsychotics was associated with an almost 60% increase in the risk of pneumonia.”[3] These drugs can also cause a respiratory dyskinesia that may be mistaken for asthma or other lung conditions and lead to inappropriate treatment.

In view of the harms induced by the use of antipsychotic agents (APs) for the symptomatic treatment of aggression and psychotic symptoms in elderly patients in residential facilities,[7],[8] in 2008 the European national regulatory agencies recommended limiting their use to patients not responding to other interventions, and to reconsider their prescription at every follow up visit, with close patient follow up.[9] In spite of these warnings, APs are widely prescribed off-label to the elderly[10] at inappropriate doses and for too long periods.[11],[12],[13] In these situations, the harms caused are considerable.[14]International variability in their use[15],[16],[17],[18] is more likely related to variability in off-label use than to variability in the prevalence of mental disorders.

For example, in Catalonia, Spain around 90,000 persons older than 70 receive continued treatment with APs (seven monthly supplies per year). Of those, around 22,000 live in nursing homes. Taking the lowest estimate of relative risk of 1.7, if the annual incidence of pneumonia among the non-exposed is 10% in a nursing home, the incidence among those exposed to APs would be 17%, and 70 additional cases of pneumonia attributable to APs would be expected for every 1,000 treated persons (from 100 to 170). For 20,000 exposed persons living in nursing homes, the annual number of additional cases would be 70 x 20 = 1,400.

It is important also to remember that metoclopramide, prochlorperazine and a number of other drugs given for nausea or other gut disturbances are essentially the same drugs as the APs, and can cause tardive and respiratory dyskinesias as well as the other problems linked to these medicines.

Anticholinergic drugs

The consumption of anticholinergic drugs increases the risk of pneumonia by 1.6 to 2.5-fold.[19],[20],[21]

Various drugs of different therapeutic groups exhibit anticholinergic effects:

  • H1 antihistamines (e.g., chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine)
  • antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, paroxetine)
  • urinary antispasmodics (e.g., flavoxate, oxibutinin, tolteridone)
  • gastrointestinal antispasmodics (e.g., dicyclomine)
  • medicines for vertigo (e.g., meclizine, promethazine)
  • antipsychotics (particularly chlorpromazine, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine)
  • antiparkinsonian drugs (e.g., amantadine, biperiden, trihexyphenidil)
  • opioid analgesics
  • antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine), and others.

Anticholinergic drugs are commonly prescribed to the elderly. Published estimates of prevalence of use range between 4.3% to more than 20%.[22],[23],[24],[25] The pattern varies from country to country, with codeine plus paracetamol, antidepressants (amitriptyline, dosulepin, paroxetine) and urologicals (predominantly oxibutinin and tolterodine) generally being those with higher prevalence of use.

Many of these medicines have other mechanisms that can increase sedation and increase the risk of pneumonia in this way. Their anticholinergic effects can add to confusion in someone who may have respiratory compromise and contribute to aspiration in this way. The anticholinergic effect can also contribute to atelectasias in the context of a viral respiratory infection.

Opioid analgesics

Opioid analgesics cause respiratory depression with the resulting pulmonary hypoventilation; some of them (codeine, morphine, fentanyl and methadone) have also immunosuppressive effects. They increase the risk of pneumonia and respiratory mortality by 40% to 75%.[26],[27],[28]

In 2018, around 50 million persons in the U.S. (15% of adults, 25% of those older than 65), filled an average of 3.4 prescriptions for an opioid analgesic, and 10 million persons reported misuse of prescription pain relievers.[29] In Europe in recent years the consumption of mild and strong opioid analgesics has increased, particularly among the elderly.[30],[31] Fentanyl and morphine are the most commonly used strong opioids, and more recently oxycodone. Tramadol, which is also a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is the most commonly used mild opioid. In two recently published observational studies, consumption of tramadol, compared with NSAIDs, was associated with a 1.6 to 2.6-fold increase in mortality,[32],[33] particularly in patients with infection, and in patients with respiratory disease.

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Several studies have shown an increase of 20%[34] to 54%[35] in the risk of pneumonia in people consuming hypnotics and sedatives, in particular when they are taken concomitantly with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (e.g., opioids, gabapentinoids).

In the OECD European countries, the national consumption of hypnotics and sedatives shows wide international variability, from 5 defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day in Austria, to 68 in Portugal,[36] and it concentrates in the elderly. In Catalonia, 38% of those older than 70 years consume at least one of these drugs.[37]

In a cohort study of more than 130,000 patients, a 15% increase in the risk of respiratory-related morbidity and a 26% increase in mortality was seen among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exposed to SSRI antidepressants.[38] In other studies, an increase in the risk has been seen in patients exposed to antidepressants concomitantly with other central nervous system depressants.

In the OECD countries, the consumption of antidepressants varies from 11 DDD per 1,000 per day in Latvia, to 98 in Iceland.36 In the UK, the number of National Health Service prescriptions for antidepressants doubled between 2008 and 2018.[39]

Painkillers – Gabapentin and Pregabalin

In December 2019, the U.S. FDA warned about an increased risk of pneumonia and severe respiratory insufficiency and death associated with painkillers such as gabapentinoids, particularly when they are consumed alongside opioid analgesics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants and antihistamines.[40] In 2017 the EMA amended the summary of product characteristics (SPC) for gabapentin to include warnings for severe respiratory depression, which may affect up to 1 in 1,000 patients.[41],[42]

The summary of product characteristics (SPC) of gabapentin states that the incidence of viral infections in randomized controlled drug trials was “very common” (more than 1 out of 10 treated persons), and that the incidence of pneumonia and of respiratory infection was “common” (between one in 10 and 1 in 100). The SPC of pregabalin warns that in treated patients the incidence of nasopharyngitis is “common” (between 1 in 10 and 1 in 100).[43]

Gabapentin and pregabalin have limited efficacy in the treatment of neuropathic pain, and they are ineffective for their main (off-label) uses in practice, i.e. low back pain with possible radiculopathy.[44],[45],[46]In spite of this, since 2002 their consumption has more than tripled in the U.S.,[47],[48]in the UK[49] and in other European countries,[50],[51] often in combination with opioid analgesics and hypnotics.[52]

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs, omeprazol and analogues)

The reduction of gastric acidity and the increase in gastric and gut bacterial colonization induced by these drugs can also increase the risk of pneumonia. Two meta-analyses of observational studies have shown increases of 34%[53] to 50%.[54] More recent studies have confirmed this magnitude of risk.[55],[56],[57]

A number of studies have shown a skyrocketing increase in the use of PPIs in the last years. Thirty percent of the population in France,[58] 15% in the UK,[59] 19% in Catalonia,[60] 7% in Denmark,[61] 15% in Iceland,[62] receive PPIs without any apparent justification in one third of cases. It is thus essential to identify patients who do not need these drugs, but there is also a need to be aware of a rebound of gastric and anxiety symptoms that can occur on withdrawal.

Cancer Chemotherapeutic and Immunosuppressive agents

Patients on these drugs are more susceptible to viral and non-viral infections, and they should generally not abandon the treatment. However, between 20% and 50% of patients with incurable cancer receive chemotherapy within 30 days before death. In terminally ill cancer patients, the use of palliative chemotherapy a few months before death leads to increased risk of undergoing mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation and dying in an intensive care unit.[63] In the midst of a COVID-19 pandemia, patients, caregivers and oncologists should have a heightened awareness about the potential risks to them and to others of planning and continuing palliative chemotherapy.

Many patients also receive immunosuppressive agents for inflammatory chronic conditions such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or rheumatic arthritis of mild and moderate severity, even though these drugs are only indicated for patients with severe disease not responding to first line treatments. Many of these patients may benefit from stepping down or pausing their treatments for a while and monitoring their clinical state.

Corticosteroids – whether systemic, inhaled, or occasionally topical or given by eye-drops – have immunosuppressive effects and increase the risk of pneumonia in patients with asthma and in patients with COPD.[64],[65] Patients with severe asthma should not abandon corticosteroids, but many patients receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) for upper respiratory infections. For example, in Catalonia every year 35,000 children under 15 years old are prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid (IC) for occasional (apparently unjustified) use[66] (except for laryngitis with stridor). Similarly, a proportion of COPD patients do not obtain any benefit from inhaled corticosteroids and they can avoid them. In one study, withdrawal of ICs was followed by a 37% decrease in the incidence of pneumonia.[67]

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin blockers (ARB)

Apart from the debate on a possibly increased risk of complications associated to ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs),[68],[69] a study published in 2012, with 1,039 cases and 2,022 controls, did not find an increased risk of community acquired pneumonia associated to these drugs.[70]

In patients with heart failure, ischaemic heart disease or hypertension, keeping the number of medicines to those necessary and adjusting their treatment accordingly seems more important than withdrawing ACEIs or ARBs.

Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen for Fever or Pain?

Given the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is biologically plausible that respiratory, septic, and cardiovascular complications of pneumonia are more frequent and severe if fever or pain is treated with a NSAID. Fever should not be treated ordinarily and paracetamol is safer for pain. An increased incidence of upper and lower respiratory infections associated with NSAIDs has been recorded in randomized clinical trials and in several observational studies,[71] and the summary of product characteristics (SPC) of several NSAIDs warn about them.

Such lower respiratory infections are caused by influenza and other viruses (among them common-cold coronaviruses[72]), and NSAIDs may have contributed to many deaths every year worldwide. A strong case has been put forward that an indiscriminate use of high dose aspirin contributed to the mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic.[73] While doses like this are not used now, this stands as a cautionary tale.

In the absence of specific data regarding COVID-19, paracetamol seems less likely to cause complications.

Concomitant use of Various Drugs

In modern health care settings, concomitant consumption of several of the drugs mentioned in this report is prevalent, increasing the risk of pneumonia.[74] The concomitant use of multiple drugs, particularly in older populations, has also more generally been linked to increased rates of hospitalisation and an earlier death.[75],[76]

In particular, the concomitant consumption of a PPI with one or more psychotropic drugs seems to be highly prevalent in nursing homes,[77] where the risk of contagion and of pneumonia is higher.

Opioids, all antipsychotics, and antidepressants have effects on the heart, as evidenced in lengthening Q-T intervals.[78] Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine also prolong Q-T intervals and the addition of these drugs to prior treatment may accordingly cause problems.

Several widely used medicines, such as antipsychotics and antidepressants, opioid analgesics, anticholinergic drugs, gabapentinoids, proton pump inhibitors, and inhaled corticosteroids can increase the risk of pneumonia by 1.2 to 2.7 times.

Elderly patients are particularly likely to receive one or more of these drugs. These treatments are often ineffective, and given for unnecessarily long periods, at wrong doses, or for non-approved indications.

Although there is wide international variability in the use of these drugs, their prevalence of use in the elderly population is often higher than 10 percent, and sometimes it reaches 40-50 percent. With such a high consumption and a high baseline incidence of viral infection and pneumonia, these drugs can have a significant negative public health impact, and the number of victims can be of the order of hundreds per million inhabitants.

In the present situation of pandemia, unnecessary and harmful treatments should be reviewed and eventually stopped.

  • It is urgent to review and in appropriate cases to pause psychotropic drugs (particularly antipsychotics), anticholinergic medicines, and opioid analgesics and monitor the effects.
  • It is especially important to review the medication burden of residents in nursing homes.
  • During the present COVID-19 pandemia, all medications should be critically reviewed and where possible de-prescribed, in order to decrease not only the risk of pneumonia and its complications, but also other adverse effects which frequently lead to hospital admission (e.g., fractures).
  • We urgently need detailed systematic reviews of clinical trials and observational studies on the association between exposure to drugs and the risk of pneumonia and its complications.
  • We also need to establish a collaborative effort in order to support health professionals in adjusting medication burdens to the situation of pandemia, and to develop international collaboration in observational research of risk factors for pneumonia and death by pneumonia.

[Editor’s note: This article is not meant to replace the advice of your doctor. Please consult with your personal physician before making any adjustments to your health care routine.]

This article was co-written by Dr. David Healy, MD, the CEO and principal founder of Data Based Medicine Americas Ltd.. He is an internationally respected psychiatrist, psychopharmacologist, scientist, and author. A professor of Psychiatry at Cardiff University in Wales, David is a former Secretary of the British Association for Psychopharmacology, and has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed articles, 200 other pieces, and 20 books.

David has been involved as an expert witness in homicide and suicide trials involving psychotropic drugs, and in bringing problems with these drugs to the attention of American and British regulators, as well raising awareness of how pharmaceutical companies sell drugs by marketing diseases and co-opting academic opinion-leaders, ghost-writing their articles. His latest book, Pharmageddon, documents the riveting and terrifying story of how pharmaceutical companies have hijacked healthcare in America and the life-threatening results. He also publishes through his blog and on Twitter @DrDavidHealy.

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Joan-Ramon Laporte, M.D. is an Emeritus Professor of Clinical Pharmacology at the Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia. WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Pharmacoepidemiology. Inquiries:

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SACRED JOURNEYS: Awakening and Transformation

The astrologers are saying that this is the year we will see the evolution of the world. This is the year that all things broken will crumble and requires some creative new forms and structures.

This is the year we will decide that pushing a huge rock up an insurmountable hill is an unhealthy struggle, and opt instead for a completely new mode of expressing energy together.

This is a year of unrest in the streets of the world, focused on an old inherited patriarchy that serves a few. This is going to be the year of the 100th monkey, when we awaken together from the dream turned nightmare, and find another way.

These words are shared with confidence because of Saturn and Pluto’s conjunction in Capricorn that took place on Jan. 12, 2020. A highly anticipated event in astrology, it last happened 500 years ago and inspired the Protestant reformation. At that time, Christian mass and the Bible were in Latin, a language of priests and the highly educated. The reformation was the uprising of the masses who translated it into the language of the commoner, ending a long hierarchy of privilege.

This time, the 2020 conjunction in Capricorn will expose the ways that an institution (Saturn) suppresses, judges, lies, or controls and transforms that institution (Pluto) into something that reflects community, inclusion, truth-telling, and love. It is a year that will accommodate institutions finding a higher frequency.

All structures and systems are represented by Saturn. Pluto is the energy of birth, death, and rebirth, and because this is all being influenced by their placement in Capricorn, this revolution will play out in all our patriarchal systems. So, we will see the authority of banks, governments, and corporations transformed.

This conjunction on January 12 is already showing itself, and it is just days old as I write. Iranians are in the streets of Tehran protesting the missile attack by their government on the commercial Ukrainian flight. The citizens are not all blindly supporting their government, but rather ‘compelled’ to shout about what is broken and needs to be transformed. Likewise, regardless of how you view the monarchy, a prince has just chosen to disobey the sovereign and follow his heart in order to protect his family from a predatory and bigoted British media. Previously, disobeying the sovereign has meant charges of treason, imprisonment, and even death. These are simple examples of the changes we will see in how people interact with traditional authority.

Many of us can agree that the system is not working “for the good of all” anymore, and requires deep radical change. This is the year we witness real change. While the world may appear to be falling apart, it is only what’s broken that will be crumbling. Keep in mind also that by November 2020 we will begin to see all manner of wonderful solutions that have been waiting in the wings to find the massive support they have needed, launching a truly creative and healing period.

There are still many people who believe the dream that promises if you push a rock up-hill you will eventually reach the top, where life is good. Unfortunately, those same people are working longer hours but less able to reduce the weight of their debt. Imagine the fear and shock as they awaken to an understanding that their whole worldview has become untenable.

This is the year we get pushed hard enough that even the most complacent will share this discontent. When we share our discontent en masse, we will shift the nature of authoritarian structures. These will be our ‘100th monkey’ moments.

Big change will be frightening to many people so we may find ourselves helping each other negotiate the emotional and challenging waters ahead. This is the kind of fundamental change our present planetary conjunction is promising. This will be a good time to be a coach, facilitator, healer or teacher helping others ‘respond creatively’ rather than ‘react fearfully.’ How we move through it is up to us.

All of this planetary activity is really about holding more light, and raising our frequency. I love the image of the opera singer singing a high note and how, at its purest point, it breaks glass. Likewise, I think that we are naturally wanting to raise our vibrations, individually and collectively, and it requires replacing forms/systems that no longer express or facilitate who we are now.

This is the year we increase the choices and frequencies available to us. This is the year we upgrade and rewrite our collective operating systems.

By visualizing the change you would like to see, you can participate in the coming changes, rather than feel a victim of them. What is pressing on you? What drives you crazy? I would like to see us collectively own and steward our natural resources. I would like an end to compound interest and national debt. I would like a shift from war machines to international peacekeeping collectives. What would make your heart sing?

This is the year we awaken to each other. This is the year we finally find ourselves floating to the top.

Kim is the co-founder of The Algonquin Tea Co, a line of quality teas made from organic wildcrafted Canadian herbs. Email her at:

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  1. B
    April 20, 13:22 Bev

    As I read this on April 20th it couldn’t be more right on point!! I truly hope the powerful will see the importance of less greed and more love, more common sense is required for the greater good!! Peace, not fear is need to lead the world. Togetherness, acceptance non judgment is required. You said it well.

    Reply this comment
  2. HM
    May 03, 16:27 HM

    Love this article! It is time for a global awakening and a raising of our collective vibrations! Thank-you!

    Reply this comment
  3. D
    May 29, 03:59 Devin McCrossan

    Awesome article.

    Reply this comment

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At What Age do Vizslas Calm Down?

Do your have a Vizsla puppy? Does your puppy seem to have unlimited amounts of energy? Do you find yourself wondering if your Vizsla will ever relax? Rest assured your Vizsla dog will eventually be able to calm down. While they will always be energetic they will eventually learn to enjoy the quiet moments.

The Hungarian dog breed, Vizslas, are very active and social animals. This breed needs at least 60 minutes of off the leash activity everyday. If they do not receive adequate exercise they will find ways to expend their boundless energy. This could be a detrimental to your home with the dog ramming into furniture and chewing smaller items.

Owners who are actively away from home do not make good candidates for these dogs. These social creatures will act as your personal shadow. They will be your constant energetic companion. Even at 10 years of age these dogs can spend several hours hunting. These rambunctious puppies usually learn to relax around the age of 2 or 3.

When Vizslas “calm down” they still have boundless energy. They are still capale of going on long hikes and runs but they now are able to self regulate more. They can now be just as content relaxing on the sofa as they are running around. It is often during the first years of life that these brilliant dogs are able to be trained and get used to routine.

Vizslas need constant attention. When they are away from their owners they experience separation anxiety. If you are unable to spend a huge amount of time with this breed you are doing a disservice to your them; especially, when they are puppies. They need to be able to explore, learn and feel loved.

It is important to note that if this type of dog feels neglected they will cry and wine. If you often hear this response from your dog they are unhappy and an immediate correction needs to be made to keep your dog happy and well adjusted.

Vizsla dogs are very sensitive and respond poorly to harsh corrections. When training this breed you will need to give firm direction. They are more than willing to take over their own training if they do not perceive your authority. While training these dogs it is important to take a gentler approach. Avoid giving giving negative physical correction. These dogs can easily be damaged if they experience training abuse.

You may want to avoid exposing these dogs to young children while the dogs are under the age of two. Older children will fit well with the Vizsla dog type because of the dog’s gentle nature. The dog needs to be able to relax before they are able to deal with babies and toddlers. It is not a good idea to have a baby and a puppy at the same time. Both will need huge amounts of your time and attention. Not to mention, it could be dangerous with an over active puppy and a small infant.

It is important to be patient with your Vizsla when the are in the puppy stage. With time, dedication and love these dogs will become more relaxed. They will be able to integrate themselves into your family life seamlessly. Be sure to mentally stimulate your dog and provide lots of opportunities for them to exercise.


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Development gap in todays world

The eradication of distribution and marginal costs, the capacity of producers to have direct access to billions of customers instantaneously, the advances of open source communities and mentalities, all these fascinating developments are bound to turn the autocratic Soviet-like megaliths of today into curiosities that students of political economy, business studies et al will marvel at in the future, just like school children marvel at dinosaur skeletons at the Natural History museum.

Climate change regulations to curb pollution are expected to have a positive impact on the environment Development gap in todays world purchasing behavior of consumers. To determine if the learning strategy in place is driving business outcomes, companies must find a way to consistently measure its effectiveness.

Career mentors help employees explore career options at IBM and construct plans for achieving career goals. For some companies, this strategy may include aspects of adaptive learning; for other companies, it could mean a different communication strategy.

Development gap in todays world Eighty-eight per cent of women aged see their earnings decline when they have children.

Advanced colors for PolyJet enhance realism to transform legacy design and prototyping processes. The elastomers give users the ability to design parts that can stretch or compress without losing shape. The day spent at Fort Jackson was fun, though constructive, in that it jump started the players' mindset to working together as one and focusing on reaching a common goal: In your design, are you going beyond sequencing courses to address competencies.

Adam Smith Smith begins his Wealth of Nations with an account of how a pin-making firm manages to produce so many pins, i. Of the 59 percent of companies using social for their learning strategies, only 24 percent say they are effective.

Nevertheless, structural and cultural factors constrain even radical players from their greatest excesses. The Warren County tire plant has earned numerous awards for its sustainability initiatives and workplace safety programs.

Volume 2 covers plastics, rubbers and their acronyms.

United Nations on Development Issues

Any gym owner will tell you that knowing what to do exercising and doing it hitting the gym are two very different things. We hope to continue this partnership going forward and to grow our recruitment network throughout the country, and we thank Jay for his work.

Last year,families of rubber growers and tappers received THB 1, per rai 0. Nevertheless they do so by means of some non-price, more often than not hierarchical, mechanism. Being meek and weak in life makes these dying multitudes even more invisible in death.

Women are better off today, but still far from being equal with men

There are many reasons employees underperform. MR reports that the farm tires market will foresee an above-average 6. The good news is that one-third of companies are increasing their budget for learning and development over the next 12 months.

How does the society described in Brave New World compare with today's society?

The Centre costs 8. These subjective values keep changing, as the time and team formation signals that are emitted by everyone else are updated. The field was divided into three groups of three teams. Another interesting fact is that the poorer countries of the Developing World have covered as much ground in human development during the past 30 years as the industrialized world did in over a century, as Jonathan Power points out.

Disney World Is The Ultimate Vacation Destination - Walt Disney World Resorts is the ultimate vacation destination.

North–South divide

With four theme parks, two water parks, a downtown shopping district, a plethora of resort hotels and more, it has plenty to offer its diverse guests. SOCP (Special Operations Combatives Program) became the first offically designated combatives program for all U.S.

5 Trends for the Future of Learning and Development

Army Special Operations Forces. Core concepts to include, fighting in kit with weaponry, weapon transition and retention, degree ambush attacks, fighting multiple assailants, solo, or as a team and more.

The First World War in the Middle East is an accessibly written military and social history of the clash of world empires in the Dardanelles, Egypt and Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia and the Caucasus. May 06,  · analyze the impact of globalization on world society.

Poverty Facts and Stats

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION According to the United Nations Development Programme () the gap between countries has widened, even though there has been worldwide surge in economic growth over the past decades, but it has benefited only a handful of.

In today’s world, organizations that fail to adjust their learning management practices and solutions often struggle with organizational growth or productivity. One-third of companies are increasing their budget for learning and development. Traditional models of learning do little to bridge the gap between employer and employee or to.

Development gap in todays world
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Strategy to assess develop and evaluate critical thinking

As noted earlier, a central characteristic of a practice discipline is that a self-improving practice requires ongoing experiential learning.

One of the main things that groups do is control us by controlling the definitions we are allowed to operate with.

Keep An Intellectual Journal. Not all students possess the thinking skills to analyze and synthesize information without practice.

Critical Thinking

Superior performance was associated with extensive training and immediate feedback about outcomes, which can be obtained through continual training, simulation, and processes such as root-cause analysis following an adverse event.

Deal with Your Egocentrism. What in fact did I think about today. We have great capacity. Unexpected occurrences may be overlooked. What do I not yet understand.

Critical Thinking

Intellectual humility is based on the recognition that one should not claim more than one actually knows. ED Sanchez, M.

Strategy List: 35 Dimensions of Critical Thought

Uncritical thinkers often confuse loyalty with always supporting and agreeing, even when the other person or the group is wrong. Breakdowns in practice, high failure rates in particular therapies, new diseases, new scientific discoveries, and societal changes call for critical reflection about past assumptions and no-longer-tenable beliefs.

ED Terenzini, P. Critical thinking is independent thinking, thinking for oneself. It will take courage to be true to our own thinking, for honestly questioning our deeply held beliefs can be difficult and sometimes frightening, and the penalties for non-conformity are often severe.

For example, history can be organized in our minds by geography, chronology, or by such phenomena as repeated patterns, common situations, analogous "stories", and so on.

In this strategy, we practice redefining the way we see things, turning negatives into positives, dead-ends into new beginnings, mistakes into opportunities to learn.

As Dunne notes, A practice is not just a surface on which one can display instant virtuosity. When we know the source of our thinking and keep our minds open to new reason and evidence, we will be more likely to correct our prejudiced thought.

Developing Clinical Knowledge in Specific Patient Populations Extensive experience with a specific patient population or patients with particular injuries or diseases allows the clinician to develop comparisons, distinctions, and nuanced differences within the population.

Another alternative is to divide students into pairs. Perhaps the simplest definition is offered by Beyer For example, instead of sitting in front of the TV at the end of the day flicking from channel to channel in a vain search for a program worth watching, spend that time, or at least part of it, thinking back over your day and evaluating your strengths and weaknesses.

An innovative teaching strategy: Spotlight on…seventeen ways to transform reading assignments into critical thinking experiences. If you find that you continually conclude that a rational person would behave just as you behaved you are probably engaging in self-deception.

He argues that to live successfully in a democracy, people must be able to think critically in order to make sound decisions about personal and civic affairs.

Whenever you feel some negative emotion, systematically ask yourself: These procedures include asking questions, making judgments, and identifying assumptions. "Critical thinking is thinking that assesses itself" (Center for Critical Thinking, b).

"Critical thinking is the ability to think about one's thinking in such a way as 1. To recognize its strengths and weaknesses and, as a result, 2. Professional Development in Critical Thinking; Assessment & Testing. Critical Thinking Testing and Assessment; A Model for the National Assessment of Higher Order Thinking; 9 Strategies Sublinks: Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: 9 Strategies Developing as Rational Persons: Viewing Our Development in Stages.

To care for patients with complex health problems, nurses need a strong knowledge base and critical thinking skills. Critical thinking enables the nurse to process and analyze information, solve. Nurses' ability to think critically in clinical situations cannot be assessed by multiple-choice tests.

Strategy to assess, develop, and evaluate critical thinking

Context-dependent test items that assess critical thinking are useful for orientation of new staff, competency testing, and clinical staff development. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing | ABSTRACTBackground: To care for patients with complex health problems, nurses need a strong knowledge base and critical thinking skills.

Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: 9 Strategies

Critical. Third Strategy: Internalize Intellectual Standards. Each week, develop a heightened awareness of one of the universal intellectual standards (clarity, precision.

Strategy to assess develop and evaluate critical thinking
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Strategy to assess, develop, and evaluate critical thinking


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Corrie Film Club – Before Night Falls

Corrie Film Club is on the third Sunday this month, on September 15th, at 8pm in the village hall.

The film showing is Before Night Falls (Director Julian Schnabel .UK 2000. 133 mins Cert 15).

An impressionistic biopic about the troubled life of the gay Cuban poet and novelist Reynaldo Arenas. Javier Bardem puts in a strong performance in the title role and is supported by Johnny Depp.

Before Night Falls tells the story of Cuban poet and novelist Reinaldo Arenas. Raised in the Oriente Province of Cuba in the 1940s, Arenas began his life-long love of the sea and water. Leaving home as a young adolescent, he moves to Havana where he finds himself swept up in the revolutionary spirit and joins a circle of writers and artists. His first novel, “Singing from the Well,” is published in Cuba, but as Castro’s oppressive regime gathers force, Arenas’ homosexuality and political writing make him a target. After being falsely accused of molestation, Arenas is arrested and imprisoned at El Morro. Eventually released from prison after dehumanizing treatment, Arenas flees Cuba in the 1980 Mariel Harbor boatlift. After moving to New York with his friend Lazaro Gomez Carilles, Arenas’ hopes for a new life are destroyed by AIDS, and he dies in 1993, at the age of 45.

The film is based on the autobiography that Arenas wrote in the years after leaving Cuba following his clashes with the authorities there.


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Max Verboeket vase

crystal  vase ‘Kristaluniek’ – ca. 1960

made by Kristalunie Maastricht

design: Max Verboeket (1922 – 2015)

engraved and numbered

height 5.2 inch, width 5.9 inch

in excellent condition

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M.L.H.M. Verboeket (Max) (1922 – 2015)). He was a student at the Arts and Crafts School and the Jan van Eyck Academy, both in Maastricht. In 1954, he joined the Kristalunie Maastricht until 1972.

Kristalunie Maastricht N.V. (Maastricht 1925 – 1978). In 1925, after the merger of the Crystal and glass factory of De Sphinx and the Maastricht glass factory Stella. The new company drew different designers for the manufacture of drinks and vases, including Ed Cuypers, J. Eisenloeffel, J. de Meijer, W.J. Rozendaal, P. Zwart and Max Verboeket. The Kristalunie has been closely associated with Glasfabriek Leerdam since 1959.

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in this articel I will explain a little about BITTECH as far as I know The company has been developing miners and providing affordable global services since 2017. In the first quarter of 2018, the team released Bittech One miners after investing more than $ 2 million. ICO Bittech will help present its mission to the global marketplace and find new partners and customers. to my knowledge you as an Investor may also use their tokens purchased for the following purposes:

  • purchase of Bittech One miners (and other future models) at a discount
  • purchase service contracts with discounts
  • purchase of Bittech Big One mobile DPC
here you do not have to worry about BITTECH, because Bittech has opened a major cryptocurrency data processing center (DPC) in the following countries: Iceland, Estonia, Canada, and Russia. Each DPC is a professionally managed platform for Bittech One miner which includes a 14 nm chip. Each DPC is a legal platform for cryptocurrency mining. for your convenience BITTECH Company has tried its best to develop the infrastructure and technology that make the mining process as simple and as easy as possible. you as a voter company will get an extensive service with the best quality.

how the idea behind Bittech?

according to what I know and I read this Bittech, make modern miners, management take on existing trends and problems from cryptocommunity and miners especially into account. which is This is
how the idea emerged, which subsequently developed into a separate building activity some cryptocurrency data centers whose production capacity will be used for hosted branded miners and also leased to you as a customer for installation purchased miner Bittech. other than that the Service is named Contract Service. With usage Service Contract, you do not have to worry about the best search infrastructure, services, transportation, and of course any legal issues involved hosting cryptominer.

why you should use BITTECH (BTECH)?

here I will write some reasons you need to know more about BITTECH (BTECH):

  • Mining is an activity whose purpose is to maintain a distributed platform and manufacture a new block with the opportunity to get a gift of a new unit and commission costs in various cryptocurrencies, in particular, bitcoin. need calculations for the same unit expenditure protection, and the rewards encourage people to spend their computing power and support network operation.
  • BITTECH (BTECH) token is a digital asset that grants you as the holder, the right to buy a new generation of BITTECH miners built in modern 10-14nm chips.
  • Bittech One 14 nm miners are unmatched miners in its class, with mining SHA 256 algorithm, 28th capacity and low consumption only 2,200 W. Available for retail since May 2018.
  • The BITTECH project is a fully decentralized open cycle system for development, introduction, production and innovative mining control equipment built on Bt0 ** chips with unique energy efficiency and performance.

about features

some of the features I know of BITTECH are as follows:
  • The BT0014 14nm chip has been developed for the SHA-256 algorithm, which is performance and energy efficiency increase of 20-25% compared chip 16nm competitors;
  • The 10nm BT0010a chip has been developed as a SHA-256 algorithm, with chipsperformance increased by 7% compared to Bt0014;
  • The 10nm BT0010La chip has been developed as a Scrypt algorithm, which is performance 15-20% higher than competitors, and energy efficiency increased by 5-7%;
  • Production series BITTECH One miner for SHA-256 algorithm Chip BT0014 is launched, with a capacity of 28Th / s, and consumption only 2,200 W;
  • BITTECH One S miner prototype for SHA-256 algorithm on BT0010a chip launched, with a capacity of 36Th / s and consumption of only 2,800W;
  • Construction of the establishment of a data center in Russia, Irkutsk region, with a total capacity of 21MW begins.

speculation token

here I write speculations from BTECH tokens that I know Token BTECH is a digital asset of a system recorded in the ERC20 format on the open-source Etherealum blockchain. Unique, Only BTECH tokens can exchanged with Bittech series miners and special purchase of this service contract for hosting miners purchased at Bittech data centers.

The purpose of BTECH problem is to raise funds in Project is equal to USD 100,000,000.

Only 100,000,000 BTECH will be published (1 token = $ 1). The buyback tokens are probably through their exchange miners / services.

for more information I provide some links below

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NESCOM Jobs 2020

NESCOM Jobs 2020 in Pakistan

NESCOM Jobs 2020

National Engineering & Scientific Commission abbreviated as NESCOM whose headuarters located in Islamabad. NESCOM is military research organization of pakistan which are responsible for carrying out research and development in various field. These Public Sector Organizations Jobs are for Engineers, Scientists, Sub Engineers, Chemists. NESCOM consists of National Development Complex (NDC), Air Weapons Complex (AWC), Maritime Technologies Complex (MTC) and Project Management Organization (PMO). These Federal Government Department Jobs 2020 are advertised often in Daily Jang, Dawn, Express, Nawai-i-Waqat, The News Newspapers & on their official websites / So we have enlisted all NESCOM Jobs 2020 on one page for viewers convenience.

Jobs in NESCOM 2020 Apply Online Latest Advertisement | Public Sector Organization

Atomic Energy KRL Federal Govt

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An interface is a set of function definitions used to enable communication between smart contracts. A contract interface defines all of that contract’s externally available functions. By importing the interface, your contract now knows how to call these functions in other contracts.

Declaring and using Interfaces

Interfaces can be added to contracts either through inline definition, or by importing them from a seperate file.

The interface keyword is used to define an inline external interface:

interface FooBar:
    def calculate() -> uint256: view
    def test1(): nonpayable

The defined interface can then be use to make external calls, given a contract address:

def test(some_address: address):

The interface name can also be used as a type annotation for storage variables. You then assign an address value to the variable to access that interface. Note that assignment of an address requires the value to be cast using the interface type e.g. FooBar(<address_var>):

foobar_contract: FooBar

def __init__(foobar_address: address):
    self.foobar_contract = FooBar(foobar_address)

def test():

Specifying payable or nonpayable annotation indicates that the call made to the external contract will be able to alter storage, whereas the view pure call will use a STATICCALL ensuring no storage can be altered during execution. Additionally, payable allows non-zero value to be sent along with the call.

interface FooBar:
    def calculate() -> uint256: pure
    def query() -> uint256: view
    def update(): nonpayable
    def pay(): payable

def test(some_address: address):
    FooBar(some_address).calculate()  # cannot change storage
    FooBar(some_address).query()  # cannot change storage, but reads itself
    FooBar(some_address).update()  # storage can be altered
    FooBar(some_address).pay(value=1)  # storage can be altered, and value can be sent

Importing Interfaces

Interfaces are imported with import or from ... import statements.

Imported interfaces are written using standard Vyper syntax. The body of each function is ignored when the interface is imported. If you are defining a standalone interface, it is normally specified by using a pass statement:

def test1():

def calculate() -> uint256:

You can also import a fully implemented contract and Vyper will automatically convert it to an interface. It is even possible for a contract to import itself to gain access to it’s own interface.

import greeter as Greeter

name: public(String[10])

def __init__(_name: String[10]): = _name

def greet() -> String[16]:
    return concat("Hello ", Greeter(msg.sender).name())

Imports via import

With absolute import statements, you must include an alias as a name for the imported package. In the following example, failing to include as Foo will raise a compile error:

import as Foo

Imports via from ... import

Using from you can perform both absolute and relative imports. You may optionally include an alias - if you do not, the name of the interface will be the same as the file.

# without an alias
from contract import foo

# with an alias
from contract import foo as Foo

Relative imports are possible by prepending dots to the contract name. A single leading dot indicates a relative import starting with the current package. Two leading dots indicate a relative import from the parent of the current package:

from . import foo
from ..interfaces import baz

Searching For Interface Files

When looking for a file to import Vyper will first search relative to the same folder as the contract being compiled. For absolute imports, it also searches relative to the root path for the project. Vyper checks for the file name with a .vy suffix first, then .json.

When using the command line compiler, the root path defaults to to the current working directory. You can change it with the -p flag:

$ vyper my_project/contracts/my_contract.vy -p my_project

In the above example, the my_project folder is set as the root path. A contract cannot perform a relative import that goes beyond the top-level folder.

Built-in Interfaces

Vyper includes common built-in interfaces such as ERC20 and ERC721. These are imported from vyper.interfaces:

from vyper.interfaces import ERC20

implements: ERC20

You can see all the available built-in interfaces in the Vyper GitHub repo.

Implementing an Interface

You can define an interface for your contract with the implements statement:

import an_interface as FooBarInterface

implements: FooBarInterface

This imports the defined interface from the vyper file at an_interface.vy (or an_interface.json if using ABI json interface type) and ensures your current contract implements all the necessary external functions. If any interface functions are not included in the contract, it will fail to compile. This is especially useful when developing contracts around well-defined standards such as ERC20.

Extracting Interfaces

Vyper has a built-in format option to allow you to make your own vyper interfaces easily.

$ vyper -f interface examples/voting/ballot.vy

# Functions

def delegated(addr: address) -> bool:

# ...

If you want to do an external call to another contract, vyper provides an external interface extract utility as well.

$ vyper -f external_interface examples/voting/ballot.vy

# External Contracts
interface Ballot:
    def delegated(addr: address) -> bool: view
    def directlyVoted(addr: address) -> bool: view
    def giveRightToVote(voter: address): nonpayable
    def forwardWeight(delegate_with_weight_to_forward: address): nonpayable
    # ...

The output can then easily be copy-pasted to be consumed.


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Vyper Versioning Guideline

Vyper has different groups that are considered “users”:

  • Smart Contract Developers (Developers)
  • Package Integrators (Integrators)
  • Security Professionals (Auditors)

Each set of users must understand which changes to the compiler may require their attention, and how these changes may impact their use of the compiler. This guide defines what scope each compiler change may have, it’s potential impact based on the type of user, so that users can stay informed about the progress of Vyper.

Group How they use Vyper
Developers Write smart contracts in Vyper
Integrators Integerating Vyper package or CLI into tools
Auditors Aware of Vyper features and security issues

A big part of Vyper’s “public API” is the language grammar. The syntax of the language is the main touchpoint all parties have with Vyper, so it’s important to discuss changes to the language from the viewpoint of dependability. Users expect that all contracts written in an earlier version of Vyper will work seemlessly with later versions, or that they will be reasonably informed when this isn’t possible. The Vyper package itself and it’s CLI utilities also has a fairly well-defined public API, which consists of the available features in Vyper’s exported package, the top level modules under the package, and all CLI scripts.

Version Types

This guide was adapted from semantic versioning. It defines a format for version numbers that looks like MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH[-STAGE.DEVNUM]. We will periodically release updates according to this format, with the release decided via the following guidelines.

Major Release X.0.0

Changes to the grammar cannot be made in a backwards incompatible way without changing Major versions (e.g. v1.x -> v2.x). It is to be expected that breaking changes to many features will occur when updating to a new Major release, primarily for Developers that use Vyper to compile their contracts. Major releases will have an audit performed prior to release (e.g. x.0.0 releases) and all moderate or severe vulnerabilities will be addressed that are reported in the audit report. minor or informational vulnerabilities should be addressed as well, although this may be left up to the maintainers of Vyper to decide.

Group Look For
Developers Syntax deprecation, new features
Integrators No changes
Auditors Audit report w/ resolved changes

Minor Release x.Y.0

Minor version updates may add new features or fix a moderate or severe vulnerability, and these will be detailed in the Release Notes for that release. Minor releases may change the features or functionality offered by the package and CLI scripts in a backwards-incompatible way that requires attention from an integrator. Minor releases are required to fix a moderate or severe vulnerability, but a minor or informational vulnerability can be fixed in Patch releases, alongside documentation updates.

Group Look For
Developers New features, security bug fixes
Integrators Changes to external API
Auditors moderate or severe patches

Patch Release x.y.Z

Patch version releases will be released to fix documentation issues, usage bugs, and minor or informational vulnerabilities found in Vyper. Patch releases should only update error messages and documentation issues relating to it’s external API.

Group Look For
Developers Doc updates, usage bug fixes, error messages
Integrators Doc updates, usage bug fixes, error messages
Auditors minor or informational patches

Vyper Security

As Vyper develops, it is very likely that we will encounter inconsistencies in how certain language features can be used, and software bugs in the code the compiler generates. Some of them may be quite serious, and can render a user’s compiled contract vulnerable to exploitation for financial gain. As we become aware of these vunlerabilities, we will work according to our security policy to resolve these issues, and eventually will publish the details of all reported vulnerabilities here. Fixes for these issues will also be noted in the Release Notes.

Vyper Next

There may be multiple Major versions in process of development. Work on new features that break compatibility with the existing grammar can be maintained on a separate branch called next and represents the next Major release of Vyper (provided in an unaudited state without Release Notes). The work on the current branch will remain on the master branch with periodic new releases using the process as mentioned above.

Any other branches of work outside of what is being tracked via master will use the -alpha.[release #] (Alpha) to denote WIP updates, and -beta.[release #] (Beta) to describe work that is eventually intended for release. -rc.[release #] (Release Candidate) will only be used to denote candidate builds prior to a Major release. An audit will be solicited for -rc.1 builds, and subsequent releases may incorporate feedback during the audit. The last Release Candidate will become the next Major release, and will be made available alongside the full audit report summarizing the findings.

Pull Requests

Pull Requests can be opened against either master or next branch, depending on their content. Changes that would increment a Minor or Patch release should target master, whereas changes to syntax (as detailed above) should be opened against next. The next branch will be periodically rebased against the master branch to pull in changes made that were added to the latest supported version of Vyper.

Major and Minor versions should be communicated on appropriate communications channels to end users, and Patch updates will usually not be discussed, unless there is a relevant reason to do so.


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Home Movie Reviews Review: Uncorked(Netflix)

Review: Uncorked(Netflix)

The black experience is not monolithic and I am always searching for content that showcases the multilayered experiences of African Americans. In my quest to find such material I found Uncorked on Netflix. Uncorked is written and directed by Prentice Penny, of Insecure fame.

The movie tells the story of Elijah who upset his father when he decides to pursue his dream of becoming a master sommelier instead of taking over the family barbeque business. Elijah is played by Mamoudou Athie. Father Louis is played by Courtney B. Vance and mother Sylvia is played by Niecy Nash. Uncorked is set in Memphis, Tennessee and production did an amazing job showcasing Memphis from imagery to soundtrack.

Uncorked refreshing in that it realistically handles the conflict that arises between Elijah and Louis. Dialogue is relatable in that many times parents see their children growing up and following in their footsteps where career and family are concerned not considering their children may want to go in another direction. Penny masterfully showcased this dynamic and at the same time sparked my interest in wine. I was aware but unaware that wine is intricate. Not saying that I’ll be leaving Stella Rosa anytime soon, but it opened my eyes to the art of wine tasting.

Uncorked is definitely worth watching. It’s slow in some places, but overall it is a layered and nuanced story.

Whut, say you?

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Solutions for Self-Reliance

We Still Have a Long Way to Go…

It’s easy to get sidetracked with our own sustainability projects – especially this time of the year as the weather finally starts to break and working outdoors is a more pleasant experience in most areas of the country.

Getting sidetracked with sustainability at home isn’t a bad thing, but sometimes I worry that we are missing out on the bigger picture.

I have been toying with the idea of writing an article examining whether or not sustainability has made it into “mainstream acceptance.” My plan was to evaluate current trends in manufacturing, agriculture, water conservation and alternative energy and see how close (or far away) society actually is from achieving new levels of sustainability that equate to measurable differences in the health of the planet.

Before I could really flesh out the ideas I wanted to convey, I came across a disturbing article published earlier this year in the Wall Street Journal that needs to be addressed.

The title of the article is “Organic Farming is Not Sustainable – More labor with lower yields is a luxury only rich populations can afford.”

What a bold (and highly inaccurate) statement!

Let’s take a look at some of the arguments used by author Dr. Henry Miller and why (I think) they are dead wrong.

Inaccuracy #1: Natural Fertilizer is Bad for Groundwater Supplies

According to the article, a study conducted in Israel last year states that the use of solid organic matter such as composted manure as a natural fertilizer contributes to “significant down-leaching of nitrates into groundwater.”

So you mean to tell me that the slew of pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers used in conventional agricultural operations are good for the groundwater?

Organic fertilizer is nature’s way of feeding plants. It has done so for millions of years – well before Miracle Gro and other NPK fertilizers came to market. Chemical fertilizers are often petroleum-based and may contain harmful substances including cadmium, zinc and arsenic as a byproduct of the manufacturing process.

Is this safe?

Does this seem safe to you? I don’t remember having to don a respirator the last time I worked in the garden…

Inaccuracy #2: Compost Contributes to Greenhouse Gases & Food Poisoning

The article also states that large-scale composting operations create greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide. This according to an agricultural scientist named Steve Savage.

Steve – I’m not sure where you learned to compost, but proper composting relies on aerobic decomposition. Methane and other potentially dangerous gases are only produced when decomposition is dominated by anaerobic bacteria. In other words, the compost pile isn’t being turned properly and may contain inappropriate materials such as meat or fish.

When composting is done correctly, there is absolutely no danger to the environment regardless of the size of the composting operation.

Here’s an even better myth perpetrated by this author. He says that the use of compost can spread pathogenic bacteria that lead to increased cases of food poisoning in the United States.

Last time I checked, most food poisoning outbreaks in this country are a direct result of poor manufacturing conditions in processing plants where profit comes before consumer safety. A properly composted pile of organic matter produces enough heat to kill all traces of bacteria. If it’s hot enough to heat our water, it’s hot enough to sterilize itself naturally.

Again, this means turning the pile to aerate soil and encourage the growth of aerobic bacteria. Whether you can turn your pile with a shovel or need a bulldozer to do it, aerating compost is the same. There shouldn’t be any noxious fumes and the heat produced during decomposition sterilizes any potentially harmful bacteria.

Inaccuracy #3: Organic Farming Produces Lower Yields

Next, the article discusses how the lower yields of organic farms (20% – 50% lower according the author) means that organic farming imposes “various stresses on farmland and especially on water consumption.”

Really? How?

About the only thing I can agree with in this regard is that organic farms typically produce less per hectare than conventional farms. This difference has more to do with organic farmers trying to follow the monoculture philosophy of conventional farms.

A truly sustainable organic farm understands and implements the principles of permaculture and companion planting to mimic the natural ecosystem. Conventional farms would rather just pump chemicals into the soil.

In the same paragraph, the author also cites a study published in the Journal of Environmental Management stating that “land use, eutrophication and acidification potential per product unit” are higher in organic farming systems.

Properly matured compost is one of the best ways to maintain a proper soil pH level and an organic farming operation doesn’t use any more land than a conventional one.

Unless, of course, you are referring to grass-fed beef versus beef pumped full of growth hormone and antibiotics while living in a pen full of manure until slaughter time.

Factory farm

Happy farm

or this?

I’d rather let the cattle graze across a multi-acre ranch than be stuffed into a manure-filled pen – wouldn’t you?

Inaccuracy #4: Organic Farming Contributes to Soil Erosion

The article also claims that soil erosion is more prevalent in organic farming operations. The author cites tilling as one of the leading causes of soil mismanagement and somehow he concludes that conventional farms are not guilty of destroying soil through tilling and other destructive methods.

We have always recommend following a permaculture-oriented organic gardening approach which includes no-till gardening and planting cover crops in the off-season to promote long-term soil health.

We have highlighted countless farms around the country as perfect examples of sustainable agriculture. Most recently, we highlighted Salamander Springs Farm in last month’s Resilient Strategies. That farm is completely sustainable and does not till land or present any threats to existing natural resources at all for that matter.

It makes me wonder what “organic” farms these researchers have been studying…

Inaccuracy #5: GMOs are Good

I realize the verdict is still out on the long-term benefits and/or drawbacks of genetically modified foods, but this author goes so far as to say that the “most illogical and least sustainable aspect of organic farming is the exclusion of genetically modified organisms.”

Not too long ago I wrote a piece about how much less nutritious our food has become. As popular crops like corn and soybeans have been modified for drought and insect resistance, they have also become less nutritious – sometimes offering only half the nutritional value of the same crops from 50 years ago.

To say that GMOs are the only way to be sustainable makes me think this guy is in bed with Monsanto or some other Big Agriculture powerhouse. How else could a seemingly educated person come up with such a wild claim?

Finally, the author ends by calling people who demand better quality, organic quality foods “social elites” and attributes all the “success” of modern agriculture to science-based research and agribusiness companies.

Is that what we are? “Social elites” incapable of understanding what sustainability is.

If you can’t tell already, this article really struck a nerve with me. A respected news outlet is publishing content that is outright false and flies directly in the face of everything we try to promote at Resilient Communities.

And for what…corporate greed?

By the way, if you want to read this idiotic article for yourself, check it out here.

While sustainable farming practices have come a long way in recent years, it is the ignorant opinions of others that are keeping sustainability from becoming as important as it should be.

No thanks to the Wall Street Journal and “Dr.” Henry Miller.

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Solve a Teaching Puzzle: Focus on Access as Well as Accessibility

Wednesday, January 22, 2020
11:00am - 12:00pm

WAL - Wallace (05),

Event Contact

Dawn Severson

Monica Cormier

This event has already occurred and, therefore, can no longer be registered for.

In this training you will learn to recognize and create accessible course assets. We will highlight best practices for creating and formatting electronic documents and participants will discover where improvements can be made. Rather than addressing specific concerns as they appear, you will learn how to plan, design, and create flexible resources from the beginning. We will cover the use of video, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, and still image files in this training.

Interpreters provided upon request and subject to availability. Please make your request today at:


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Peanuts Desktop wallpapers

Welcome to WallpaperPlay! Here you can find the best peanuts desktop wallpapers uploaded by our community. Support us by sharing the content, upvoting wallpapers on the page or sending your own background pictures.

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Earthlock 2 Announced for PS5 and Xbox Series X + First Open-World Gameplay Details Revealed

Snowcastle Games has announced Earthlock 2, an open-world RPG sequel to the cult-classic turn-based RPG original. It will be released on PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X, PC, PS4, and Xbox One in 2022.If you’re not familiar with the original Earthlock, Snowcastle CEO and co-founder Bendik Stang says that “Earthlock 2 takes place in the same world, but will be a completely different experience compared to the first Earthlock, which was a turn-based RPG. Earthlock 2 will have real time combat, and without revealing too much, fans and newcomers alike can expect a dynamic and unique experience providing the player with meaningful choices that will allow them to leave their mark on the world.

“For those who haven’t seen Earthlock before, the game takes place on the planet Umbra which has stopped spinning. This means half of the world is perpetually scorched in sunlight, while the other half is completely shrouded in darkness. Along the center where the two zones meet, is another area that gets the best of both worlds.”

Earthlock 2 will use Unreal Engine, which is new to the series. “We were using Unity for Earthlock 1, and for the team it was a massive decision to leave the eight years invested in that engine behind,” Stang explained. “It took the team quite some time to get up to speed with the new engine but no one on the team now regrets that decision.” Furthermore, he said, “Earthlock 2 is a much more ambitious project than Earthlock 1, and we want to make use of the next generation consoles as best we can.”

Earthlock 2 Announcement Screenshots

Check out the announcement trailer above, and for more on Earthlock 2 in the coming months, stay tuned to IGN.

Ryan McCaffrey is IGN’s Executive Editor of Previews. Follow him on Twitter at @DMC_Ryan, catch him on Unlocked, and drop-ship him Taylor Ham sandwiches from New Jersey whenever possible.

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When people talk about intellectual property rights or IP rights, they refer to a legal matter that involves the creations of the mind, such as literary and artistic works, inventions, names, images, symbols, and designs used in trade and commerce. Examples include novels, songs, illustrations, brand logos, and other marks of identification.

These intellectual property laws are there to promote the spirit of creation and innovation, encouraging new technologies and inventions as well as artistic expressions while aiding economic advancement by ensuring that creators’ efforts receive intellectual property protection for a certain time span. When you know that your labors are covered by IP protection, you are likely to continue creating, which leads to more jobs, new products, improved processes, and a generally better world.

For instance, if you’re an illustrator who makes a living by selling and reprinting your artwork, you’ll find it upsetting to discover that your works have been taken without permission and reproduced on T-shirts or posters sold online without crediting you. Such theft hits you both emotionally and financially. In this case, you can sue. Copyright law gives you certain exclusive rights to sell and reproduce your work as well as produce derivative works of your creation. When your rights are infringed, you can sue whoever is infringing on those legal rights. If you’re successful in your lawsuit, you may receive money damages, which are defined by laws that protect your intellectual property.

Three Major Players in Intellectual Property Law

The three main mechanisms that protect intellectual property in the US are copyrights, patents, and trademarks. People make the mistake of using these three terms interchangeably, but they are distinct from each other, protecting different types of intellectual property. Here’s an overview.

  1. Copyright

intellectual propertyThe expressive arts are the works that can be protected by copyright. A copyright owner has the legal right to produce the work involved, display it publicly or perform it, and create works derived from it. Copyright protection ensures that the copyright holder has the exclusive right to financially benefit from the work, prohibiting others from earning off it without his or her consent. Without permission, those who make money off copyrighted works may be charged with copyright infringement. To clarify, copyright does not protect the idea itself, only the ways in which it is expressed.

  1. Patents

Patent law provides that inventions are protected from being made, used, sold, offered for sale, or imported for a given period of time. There are three types of US patent protection.

  • Utility Patents – A utility patent protects inventions with a specific function, such as products, machines, processes, and other forms of technology.
  • Design Patents – A design patent protects the unique appearance of a manufactured object, like the original shape of a product or its surface ornamentation. It is different from copyright.
  • Plant Patents – A plant patent protects a plant variety that was asexually reproduced. Examples of plant varieties that are protected by intellectual property law include hybrids, cultigens, and mutant species.

For their creation to receive patent protection, inventors should timely file a patent application with US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and have the patent successfully granted. It’s also important to note that utility patents are subject to periodic maintenance fees.

Obtaining US patent rights can be a complex process that is time-consuming. If you want to be a patent owner and get legal protection for your creation, patent lawyers can help you ensure that you get all the necessary paperwork properly done and filed in a timely fashion.

  1. Trademarks

Trademark law concerns protection for names and other identifying marks of products or companies, including logos and slogans. In the United States, businesses don’t need to file paperwork for their identifying mark to be trademarked. They may use the TM symbol without filling out forms or officially applying for trademark protection. A common law mark is automatically assumed once they start using a mark with which to identify themselves. There are, however, important benefits in actually registering marks.

For Protecting Intellectual Property, Get Help from IP Lawyers!

Innovation and creativity should be rewarded and protected. If you want to know how to protect your intellectual property, call us at War IP Law to consult with one of our experienced intellectual property attorneys.


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What is Reflexology?

Reflexology is a popular and relaxing holistic healing technique whereby pressure is applied to precise reflex points on the feet . The reflex areas on the soles, sides and top of the feet correspond with all parts of the body. Therefore the foot maps the body.

It is a non-invasive, gentle therapy, perfect for all ages, from babies through to older people and for those with restricted mobility.

Reflexology aims to restore balance and energy flow to the whole body, stimulating underactive areas and calming overactive areas. One way this happens is by unblocking congestion that has accumulated in the nerve endings in the feet (and hands). By stimulating these nerve endings, signals to the brain and the rest of the body are improved.

Reflexology is a lovely therapy for helping our bodies deal with the negative impact of today’s hectic, modern way of life, and a perfect antidote to stress and anxiety!

Last, but not least, it gives you deeply relaxing time out for yourself!

It is a safe, gentle and natural therapy suitable for most people.  However there are exceptions and if you are on medication or attending your doctor for serious conditions, written approval from your GP / specialist will be required prior to treatment. Please see the list of contra-indications.

Self-healing and balance…Conditions it can be benefit…


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Please read our student and staff community guidance on COVID-19
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Midlands ICURe Showcase Events

Thirteen new university spin-out companies are gearing up to present their ideas in March at two showcase events in London and Birmingham. They will be going all out to convince an invited audience of funders and investors to support their businesses in the next stage of their development.

The companies were the successful participants in the award winning ICURe programme, which is funded by Innovate UK and with the University of Warwick as one of the three national delivery partners. ICURe stands for “Innovation to Commercialisation of University Research” and the programme was set up to support university projects which have commercial potential, helping the teams to develop solid business plans based on primary market research and feedback from potential customers.

In addition, the teams will also be pitching to attract experienced business managers who can support them in their early stages as an independent company.

The technologies being showcased include:

  • AI technologies: a company providing automated assessment of risk from commercial and legal documents, and another using data in health and social care settings to enable proactive and predictive insight to care providers.
  • Environmental and energy technologies: a desalination solution for solar-powered and off-grid environments; a technology for wireless power and data transmission; a technology creating and storing hydrogen for transportation fleets of the future.
  • Medical and diagnostic technologies: a non-invasive test for metatastic cancers; a portable bone-density assessment system; a non-destructive bacteria screening technology for microbiology testing.

This event is an excellent opportunity for early-stage investors and entrepreneurial managers to engage with many of the best Innovate UK backed spin-out companies from England and Wales.

For further information, download the company profiles document here:

or to sign up for the events, visit our Eventbrite pages:

Date Location Eventbrite Link
12th March 2019 The Shard - London London Showcase;
19th March 2019 IET, Austin Court - Birmingham Birmingham Showcase


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Top 25 Execs to Watch in 2020

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Top 25 Execs to Watch in 2020In a year with an approaching presidential election and a decade that began with an uncertain political climate, contractors are navigating the government contracting waters like never before. But politics can’t slow down these select leaders who continue to innovate, transform and meet bipartisan mission-critical requirements — all in the name of making the federal government more efficient, effective and secure.

For the fifth year in a row, WashingtonExec has assembled its list of executives changing the status quo in uncertain times. Who are the trendsetters finding opportunities and maintaining their relevance in a crowded marketplace?

Check out our slideshow to learn why these 25 leaders are those to watch in 2020.

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  1. Pingback: Federal Health and Civilian Consulting Firms Executives highlight list of Top Execs to Watch in 2020 - FedHealthIT

  2. On 30 July 1987, the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) granted accreditation for the Computer Science program.[45] In 1991, Midshipman Juliane Gallina, class of 1992, became the first woman brigade commander.

  3. Congratulations Julianne ! I find it amazing that the young people of today are accomplishing so much ! Fondly, Pam

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