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Audubon Pool Supplies- Best Pool Supply Services in Audubon PA, 19407

Gritz Pools & Spas Audubon has been selling pool supplies, installing vinyl liner replacements, installing swimming pools, offering pool services and handling spas and hot tubs in Audubon, PA 19407 since 1963.

home-1With a full line of pool and spa chemicals and accessories, Gritz Pools & Spas has what you need. Need someone to open or close your pool? In need of a pool liner replacement? Discover why vinyl pool liners from Gritz Pools are the preferred choice for thousands of swimming pool owners.

Gritz Pools & Spas is here to serve you. Our showroom has spa models on display and our friendly staff is ready to answer your pool and spa questions.

Thank you for checking us out. We will be waiting to hear from you!


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$15 for a Dozen Original or Top-Shelf Cupcakes at Something Delightful Bakery Cafe in Peachtree City

Something Delightful Bakery Cafe

Up to 50% Off
Give as a Gift
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Customer Reviews

100% Verified Reviews
All reviews are from people who have redeemed deals with this merchant.

What You'll Get

Deprived of nourishment in the womb by stronger, full-size cakes, cupcakes have overcome their physical shortcomings by maintaining dignity, even when covered in sprinkles. Give a high-five to the little guy with today’s Groupon: for $15, you get a choice of a dozen original or top-shelf cupcakes at Something Delightful Bakery Cafe in Peachtree City (up to a $30 value).

Something Delightful bakes up custom cakes, cupcakes, and more, welcoming confectionary devotees to linger over a sugary snack in its café area. Sugar seekers can follow the lead of a cupcake-hunting daschund or look for the bakery in its slightly hidden locale behind Mellow Mushroom Pizza Bakers. Successful sweet-questers will be rewarded upon arrival with their choice of a dozen original cupcakes—available in flavors such as red velvet, chocolate or strawberry cream-filled, raspberry delight, and more—or a fancier, sometimes shmancier, Top-Shelf variety. These embellished cupcakes delight the senses with a little extra flavor punch, such as the Black Forest variety, which tempts even the most focused red-hooded travelers with its pastry cream and cherry insides buried within a chocolate cake exterior and sealed off with a vanilla buttercream chapeau.

After more than 20 votes, 90% of Urbanspooners like Something Delightful Bakery Cafe:

  • Cute, quaint atmosphere! Cupcakes, cheesecake (can be on a stick, too!) everything for sale is BEAUTIFULLY decorated – tantrum6t3
  • As a pastry chef/baker I am very critical of others' creations. This bakery is a perfect get-away, and has excellent cupcakes! Owner is very nice!!! HIGHLY RECOMMEND!! – baker1143

The Fine Print

Promotional value expires Jul 26, 2011. Amount paid never expires. Limit 1 per person, may buy 2 additional as gifts. Limit 1 per order. Reservation required 24-hrs. in advance, subject to availability. Not valid with other offers. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services.

About Something Delightful Bakery Cafe

Something Delightful Bakery Cafe

Cafe & Treat, Bakery
By purchasing this deal you'll unlock points which can be spent on discounts and rewards. Every 5,000 points can be redeemed for $5 Off your next purchase.

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Celebrity Kids

Selma Blair Shops The Market With Her Little Man!

Selma Blair continued her weekly routine of visiting the Studio City Market on Sunday. Along for the trip, and some goodies, was the actress’ son Arthur.

Selma Blair and Son Go to the Farmer's Market

Before picking up some fresh produce, the pair visited the petting zoo where Selma’s blue eyed babe tried his hand at picking up one of the chickens.

Selma Blair with her son Arthur at the farmer market - Part 1

Afterwards Arthur nursed while he rode on the train with his mom.

Selma Blair feeds Arthur on a train ride

Last week Selma made news when she was photographed breastfeeding the toddler at the Grove but she doesn’t care about naysayers.

“The only time he cries is if he’s hungry,” the actress told People last year. “We all have nipples. I don’t care who I offend; my baby wants to eat. If I can’t get a cover over me quick enough, so be it.”

She is incredibly discreet so I can’t see how anyone would be offended. Plus, the scarf she is wearing conceals quite a bit.

{fame/flynet, INFPHOTO.COM, SPLASH}

About the author

Lisa Arneill

SAHM of 2 boys and founder of GrowingYourBaby.com, World Traveled Family and The World We Share. When I'm not running around after my boys, I'm looking for our next vacation spot!

Leave a Comment


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An intelligent case-based knowledge management system for quality improvement in nursing homes

King Lun Tommy Choy, Kai Yuet Paul Siu, To Sum George Ho, C.H. Wu, Hoi Yan Lam, Valerie Tang, Yung Po Tsang
  • VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, February 2018, Emerald
  • DOI: 10.1108/vjikms-01-2017-0001

The authors haven't yet claimed this publication.

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Archive - M - Misc Unsigned Bands - Tak Matsumoto - Go Further free guitar backing track

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> King Of The Blues, Up and coming blues artists
post Sep 11 2007, 01:34 AM
Post #1

Group: Members
Posts: 25
Joined: 26-August 07
From: Virginia, USA
Member No.: 2.609

Hey GMC'ers! I was checking out the price of a few items on the Guitar Center website and found a link to one of their talent search contests entitled King of the Blues. There are 100+ up-and-coming artists listed, each with sample tracks and profiles -- and some smokin' hot blues riffs!

Some of you may have already seen/heard this stuff, but for those that have not -- this is well worth your time to give it a listen.

Enjoy! smile.gif

"Time is a great teacher. Unfortunately, it kills all it's students."

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Tim Esterdahl

Tim Esterdahl

Contributor at Gunaxin
Writer, photographer and graphic/web designer Tim Esterdahl has been talking about unique stories and interesting topics for several years. His many accomplishments include having the most reader responded story in the history of Truck Trend magazine, many articles on Pickuptrucks.com and has been published in many newspapers including the Boston Globe.

He lives in Western Nebraska at the foot of a national monument along the Oregon Trail and has lived in 4 other states. Tim is also an avid golfer with consistently more than 100 rounds a year in throughout the U.S., loves wrenching on 1962 Chevy C-10 and spends the rest of his time with his three kids and his wife.
Tim Esterdahl

Latest posts by Tim Esterdahl (see all)

Mauna Kea Golf Course : Unforgettable Island Beauty
August 13th, 2018 in Travel > Do

With its natural beauty and signature par 3, third hole, the Mauna Kea golf course is simply breath taking.

2017 Volkswagen Golf Alltrack : Review
January 18th, 2018 in Motors > Cars

Embrace the Wagon!

2017 Volkswagen Golf GTI S : Review
January 5th, 2018 in Motors > Cars

A Hot Hatch with Lukewarm Tech

Honda HSS1332AT “Big Red” Snowblower : Review
November 7th, 2017 in Gadgets > Tools

Throw Your Snow Shovel Away! “Big Red” is all you need.

A Kia Niro Runs Through It
October 30th, 2017 in Motors > Cars

Past Meets Future as we take a hybrid on a Montana fishing trip.

Why Is Hunting So Complex?
September 29th, 2017 in Sports > Other

Hunting is more about planning than the hunt itself.

Kalispell, Montana : Outdoor Oasis
August 2nd, 2017 in Travel > Do

Hiking, fishing, hunting and outdoor exploring all exist in this remote Northwest Montana town.

2017 Kia Optima PHEV : Review
June 22nd, 2017 in Motors > Cars

Exploring Virginia and Monticello in Kia’s newest Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

First Hunt : More Than Pulling a Trigger
May 24th, 2017 in Travel > Do

A first time hunter shares his experience.

Ford Announces New Trucks at #NAIAS
January 9th, 2017 in Motors > Trucks

New Diesel and Hybrid F-150s, Ranger and Bronco to come to market in 2018-2020.

2017 Ford F-150 Raptor : Off-Roading
January 5th, 2017 in Motors > Trucks

The Raptor didn’t disappoint in the desert, but it did surprise in other areas.

2017 Toyota Tacoma TRD Pro : Off-Roading in Hawaii
December 7th, 2016 in Motors > Trucks

We flew to Hawaii to check out the new Toyota Tacoma TRD Pro. Life is tough.


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Arne Gundersen, D.D.S. -  - Cosmetic Dentist

Gundersen Dental Care

Arne Gundersen, D.D.S.

Cosmetic Dentist & General Dentist located in Tumwater, WA

Veneers Specialist
Veneers are a popular dental tool that can be used to correct abnormalities and defects in the teeth. They can dramatically improve a person's smile, giving them more self-confidence and a renewed sense of well-being. At Gundersen Dental Care, Dr. Arne Gundersen and his staff offer veneers to his patients whose teeth are discolored or have structural abnormalities. He goes to great lengths to make sure his patients living in the Tumwater, Washington area and the surrounding communities including Olympia and Lacey, Washington, have bright smiles and the best dental care possible.

Veneers Q & A

What is a veneer?

Cosmetic dental veneers solve problems other dental treatments can’t. A veneer is a thin piece of porcelain that is used to cover the surface of an existing tooth. They are made of a high-grade porcelain to look and feel just like a real tooth. They are formed to be the same size, shape, and color as other nearby teeth. This allows the mouth to look uniform and aesthetically pleasing.

Once the veneers are created in the proper size, shape, and color, Dr. Gundersen will prepare to permanently affix them to the surface of your teeth with a strong bonding agent. He will gently sand away your enamel to roughen the surface of your teeth. Once the veneer is bonded to the tooth, Dr. Gundersen will perform any cleaning or trimming necessary to complete the process.

How long does a veneer last?

Veneers can last up to 15 years with good dental care. Once you have veneers you should avoid chewing on hard things like ice or hard candies.

Veneers are permanently attached to the surface of your teeth and will need to be upgraded eventually. If a veneer becomes chipped or damaged in any way, Dr. Gundersen will remove it and replace it with a new one.

Veneers are also considered to be permanent due to the fact that the abnormalities that they cover are ones that cannot be changed or altered unless your tooth is extracted. Smaller than normal teeth or ones that have been broken may not be able to be corrected due to the extent of the damage. Veneers create the look of a brand new tooth while using your old tooth as a foundation.

What kind of issues can veneers correct?

Veneers can correct several structural abnormalities, as well as various types of damage to your teeth. A few of the most common uses are:

  • Teeth that are smaller than normal
  • Broken or chipped teeth
  • Discolored teeth
  • Teeth that have an abnormal shape or that didn't form correctly
  • Gaps and spaces between the teeth.

A veneer can extend off of the tooth, closing small gaps and spaces that may not be able to be corrected through the use of conventional braces. This creates a more uniform appearance and makes your smile more visually appealing.

If you are interested in learning about the benefits of veneers and what options are available, you can make an appointment with Dr. Gundersen to learn how veneers can help you.

Ask us

Feel free to email us regarding any scheduling or general questions!

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Hakala ResearchHakala Research

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Hakala Research

Hakala Research

International Customers, please contact us by phone or email to place your order and receive shipping options

New Products

"To Whom it may be of interest, I have been using Hakala's memory enhancement products for approximately four months now and have experienced a definite increase in my ability to remember events and conversations. I plan on continuing usage as long as I remain above ground." –John, Tiburon, CA

"I am extremely impressed with the quality of the many Hakala Health products. Additionally, Hakala's competitive pricing and excellent customer service has resulted in their becoming one of my main supplement providers." –Steven, South Londonderry, VT

"I’ve noticed that after taking LugoTabs, my body temperature has increased by approximately 2 degrees (to normal range), my metabolism has increased, and I am slowly dropping unwanted pounds." –Bill Coussons

"After doing the Iodine load test and taking LugoTabs, detox symptoms are less and I feel better." –Cindi Mose

"I have seen a 75% decrease in the size of my goiter after one year on these supplements. Thanks for supplying me over these past 3 years with inexpensive, quality products and great service." –Kris Horn

"Thank you for your amazing customer service and fast, informative test results!" –Michael Huppert

"My child recently started taking LugoTab 12.5 and we have noticed a marked difference in his mental, math, and grammar acuity. He seems to be following oral instructions better and exhibiting an increase in memory." –An appreciative mother

"After taking LugoTabs for three weeks, I am totally free of my seasonal affective disorder! No yawning at all! It is beyond my wildest hopes and prayers. I am alert! Wow!" –Rachel Kacsur

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Community Association receives Queen’s award after response to 2015 floods

Town Hall volunteer David Browning, Calderdale Council Zorah Zancudi and more volunteers
Town Hall volunteer David Browning, Calderdale Council Zorah Zancudi and more volunteers

Hebden Bridge Community Association (HBCA), the charity that owns and manages The Town Hall on behalf of the community, has been awarded the Queen’s Award for Voluntary Service today, the highest award a voluntary group can receive in the UK.

HBCA were nominated for the award in recognition of its volunteer-led response to the devastating floods of Boxing Day 2015.

The community-owned Town Hall became the flood response hub for the town, deploying hundreds of volunteers in the clean-up effort, as well as providing free Wi-Fi, hot meals and drinks and housing a temporary food bank and cleaning supplies hub. It also drew on the expertise of its business community who created a database to match the skills of specialist volunteers to the people and places that needed them most.

Graham Mynott, Executive Director of The Town Hall said: “Open day and night for the first 48 hours after the floods, and then for many days thereafter, we were able to operate as a flood relief centre only thanks to the help of hundreds of dedicated volunteers and generous donations of food, cleaning supplies and specialist equipment as well as support from Calderdale Council staff.

“We are so thrilled that the unstinting work of these volunteers has been recognised and we are honoured to accept this award on behalf of the whole community who pulled together in the most extraordinary way.”

Richard Needham, Interim Chair of Hebden Bridge Community Association, said: “The volunteer response to the floods of December 2015 was truly remarkable.

“People of all backgrounds and faith groups joined with us to provide essential help for people affected by the floods. We are so proud to be part of this community and were humbled by the kindness and resilience shown by so many.”

The award comes just ahead of The Town Hall’s Fifth Birthday Celebrations on Saturday 24 June, which will mark five years of operation as a community-owned building, complete with a contemporary extension housing community spaces, a cafe and small businesses.

The Queen’s Award for Voluntary Service was created by The Queen in 2002 to mark the occasion of her Golden Jubilee, recognising excellence in voluntary activities carried out by groups in the community.

It is the MBE for volunteer groups.

HBCA is one of 11 Yorkshire-based charities to receive the prestigious award this year.


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The biggest selection of costumes in the world!

101 Dalmatians Costumes

1 - 7 of 7

Did you know that One Hundred and One Dalmatians was the first Disney animated movie that was set in the "present day" of the year it was made? In this case, 1961. And that each Dalmatian puppy had 32 spots, Pongo had 72, and Perdita had 68?

That classic movie was based on an English novel of the same name, by Dodie Smith, and like most movies based on books it took some liberties. The most notable is that in the book Pongo's mate is named Missus. There is a dog character called Perdita in the book, but she is peripheral to the story. The 1996 live-action movie took even more liberties. Instead of being a songwriter, Roger is now a video game designer. And instead of being Anita's old classmate from school, Cruella De Vil is Anita's boss at a fashion design studio.

No matter which version of the story you prefer, you can bring it to life with our Disney 101 Dalmatians costumes. We have Dalmatian costumes in sizes from infant to adult plus, and Cruella costumes for women and girls. And if you're going to become Cruella, be sure to practice your evil cackle. Why just look the part when you can act it?

Create your very own Dalmatian plantation!

We'll help you find the right size!

We've hand-measured every costume to help you find the size that fits best.


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The biggest selection of costumes in the world!

Statue of Liberty Tiara

Statue of Liberty Tiara
Buy New€14.99
Select a Size
Recommended Accessories
Product Information
Items Included
  • Statue of Liberty Crown
  • Made of foam
  • Light green crown
  • Secures w/ elastic

How better to spread your eternal message of unity, hope, and freedom this Halloween than by dressing up as Lady Liberty herself? No better!

You'll become the image of American pride once you are fully suited up and topped by this Statue of Liberty Tiara! It is a perfect nod to your country’s most indelible ideals. You can keep things simple on Independence Day and use this headpiece to top your jean shorts and gingham top, or you can go all out for Halloween and add this green foam crown to a robed costume and matching torch! So give me your tired, your poor, your bad hair days… Er, something like that. You’re free to celebrate everything you love about this country. Now,cue the fireworks.

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Madison, WI

like 1 save

About Everly

Everly is a casual, comfortable, eclectic neighborhood eatery on Monroe Street. With lots of natural light from our large windows, high ceiling and a bar that sits under a 2-story glass structure, Everly is a sun-filled room for brunch, lunch or coffee, and a low-lit spot for dinner and drinks. There is a 35 seat covered outdoor seating area, the first and only large full-service outdoor seating area in the Monroe Street neighborhood.

$$ american restaurants breakfast places brunch available casual feel catering family friendly food fight restaurant group full bar gluten free options good for groups happy hour outdoor seating reservations accepted take-out trendy spots vegan friendly vegetarian friendly wheelchair accessible
Map to Everly in Madison,WI

  • Sunday 9am - 9pm
  • Monday 11am - 9pm
  • Tuesday 11am - 9pm
  • Wednesday 11am - 9pm
  • Thursday 11am - 9pm
  • Friday 11am - 10pm
  • Saturday 9am - 10pm

See more restaurants

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Happy Leaf at the Green Living Expo at McHenry College

Happy Leaf is proud to be a part of the Green Living Expo at McHenry College on November 4th, 2018. Free and open to the public. Click here for more info

Happy Leaf Commercial

Featuring Adam & Eve

Off-The-Grid Greenhouse on TV - August 27, 2016

Happy Leaf involved with the Oregon High School off-the-grid greenhouse

Happy Leaf on the Mike Nowak Radio Podcast - August 14, 2016

Why are LEDs making indoor gardening a real thing

TEDx - Empowerment Through Light by Vic Zaderej

The lighting industry was revolutionized over 130 years ago when Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. But since that breakthrough in technology, much of the lighting industry hasn't changed. Vic Zaderej, a solid state lighting engineer, gives us a peek at the future of lighting and the good it can bring to various parts of the world.

Sauk Valley News Features Happy Leaf LED!

When the sun goes down, Happy Leaf LED takes over!

Michigan City News Dispatch Features Happy Leaf LED!

Growing Verticle


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Julian Cope presents Head Heritage

Head To Head
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Live Albums
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Topic View: Flat | Threaded
The Sea Cat
The Sea Cat
3608 posts

Edited Sep 08, 2010, 10:27
Re: Live Albums
Sep 08, 2010, 10:26
How could I forget this little known gem:

John Renbourn & Robin Williamson : Wheel Of Fortune

Wonderfuly warm and intimate live set from 'The Impenetrablestringtangle'
(sic). Superb musicianship and great fun as well. Class.
Topic Outline:

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Posted 10/13/2004 8:28 AM (GMT -7)
Normal is a great way to be. Glad the news was good. I know how relieved you must be feeling about now. Hugs, Lauri
"Go confidently into the direction of your dreams. Live the life you always imagined" Thoreau
Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away.

Posted 10/14/2004 8:14 AM (GMT -7)
WOW. The light at the end of the tunnel wasn't an oncoming train. Congratulations!! Best of luck; choose the good looking doctor is you have a choice (LOL). Tracy
Posted 10/14/2004 2:39 PM (GMT -7)
That is great Gail!
I love all these girls on here who are getting to the Magical Five year mark!!!
So glad all is well.
Posted 10/14/2004 3:29 PM (GMT -7)
So glad that everything was ok. Our five year marks must be close. Mine's the end of April...

Do not go gentle into that goodnight,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
~Dylan Thomas

Posted 10/14/2004 3:36 PM (GMT -7)
Gail, I'm doing the Texas two-step for you down here. I'm a 6-monther rol. I see the PA once and the onc once a year. But, I have those horrid tests yearly. YUCK!
I hope you are planning on a big celebration and a shopping trip. Diamonds are nice for five years, don't you think?
Love, Jo-Ann
A good friend will bail you out of jail...
but a true friend will be sitting
next to you saying,
"Dâmn... that was fun!".

Posted 10/14/2004 3:54 PM (GMT -7)
Gail- YIPEE!!! Congrats to you and that 5-year mark isn't far away!!!!!!!!!!!!!

I am right behind you... my onc appt is next monday...6 month follow up too! wish me luck
"It's been worth everything I've been through,
 To do what I do"

                       To Do What I Do   -Alan Jackson, 2004

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Dr. Patricia VanKooten, DMD

Dr. Patricia VanKooten, DMD

Dentistry  ·
Female  ·
Age 59
Dr. Patricia VanKooten, DMD is a dentistry practitioner in Monterey, CA. She practices dentistry and cosmetic dentistry.Read her story

251 Lighthouse Ave

Monterey, CA 93940

Contact Information

Insurance Accepted

  • AARP
  • Aetna
  • Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield
  • Cigna
  • Delta Dental
  • DenteMax
  • Guardian
  • MetLife
  • Pacific Health Alliance
  • 2 More

*Please verify this information when scheduling an appointment.

Background Check

No malpractice claims found for California
No disciplinary actions found for the years we collect data
No board actions found for the years we collect data
Learn more about background checks

Experience Check

Check if Dr. VanKooten treats your condition or procedure

About Me

Care Philosophy

Our office is designed to be a gentle, soothing environment where patients can relax while receiving optimum dental care. We offer general dentistry service to all ages. We specialize in cosmetic dentistry and smile makeove...

Practice Areas

  • Dentistry
  • Cosmetic Dentistry

  • Loyola Uniersity Of New Orl
    Undergraduate School

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What People Say About Dr. Patricia VanKooten, DMD
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Dr. V is the best! Kind, gentle and talented. Highest recommendation.
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I was picky and wanted dental sealants that would match the color of my teeth perfectly. To fulfill my request, Dr. Van Kooten used a sealant material she normally would not use. She did that even though it created extra work on her part. The sealants are beautiful and virtually invisible! I also...Read More
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Insurance accepted

Accepted insurance can change. Please double-check when making an appointment.

Delta Dental
Individual Advantage Plus - Dental PPO
Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield
Dental Blue Essential 200
Federal Employee Program
Delta Dental
Delta Dental PPO
Delta Dental Premier
DenteMax PPO
DentalGuard Preferred
Guardian PPO
MetLife PPO
Pacific Health Alliance
Pacific Health Alliance PPO
Principal Financial Group
Dental PPO
United Concordia
United Concordia DHMO


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Why exchange website users aren’t ‘bailing’

Despite continued enrollment growth, ACA opponents are twisting survey results to predict once again that health reform is doomed

Earlier this fall, Bankrate conducted a survey of 558 U.S. adults who visited the health insurance exchange websites during the 2014 open enrollment period. They found that 51 percent of those people do not intend to visit the exchange site again during the upcoming 2015 open enrollment period.

Not surprisingly, ACA opponents are using this study as proof that the exchanges are a failed venture.

Such conclusions are flawed though, for numerous reasons.

Some ‘users’ didn’t use the exchange sites

The survey included people who had visited an exchange website during the first open enrollment, regardless of whether they ended up purchasing a plan. Our brokerage often gets calls and emails from people who already have coverage through their employer but are interested in shopping around to see if they can get a better deal in the individual market. In most cases, they find that staying with their employer’s plan is their best option.

How many of those 558 people visited the exchange last fall, found out their current plan is a better option, and simply don’t need to go back again because their question has already been answered?

And what about the people who were eligible to keep individual grandmothered plans for 2014, but visited the exchange to see alternative options? If they didn’t qualify for subsidies, they probably found out that their grandmothered plan was the least expensive option. In many states, they have the choice to keep those grandmothered plans again for 2015, so maybe they’ve already decided that’s what they’re going to do (although they would be wise to check again – they may find the price gap has narrowed).

Subsidies will change some minds

I also wonder how many of the survey respondents who indicated they are not going back to the exchange will end up changing their minds. A study from earlier this year got less media attention but seems particularly important in light of the Bankrate survey.

In a Kaiser Family Foundation survey conducted in June, only 46 percent of exchange enrollees stated that they were receiving subsidies to offset the cost of their premiums. In reality, 85 percent of exchange enrollees are receiving subsidies, and the average subsidy is quite significant, covering 76 percent of the total premium.

But nearly half of the people who are receiving subsidies don’t know they’re receiving subsidies. (The subsidies are sent directly to the insurance carriers, which helps to explain why so many enrollees don’t know they’re paying premiums that are well below the retail rates.)

In the Bankrate study, just 53 percent of respondents with incomes under $30,000 said they plan to go back to the exchange during open enrollment. But as long as they are legally present in the U.S. and not eligible for affordable employer-sponsored coverage, a significant portion of those respondents are eligible for subsidies in the exchange.

(The rest are either eligible for Medicaid or are in the coverage gap. In the latter case, they have a good – although tragic – reason for giving up on the exchange, since they’re not eligible for assistance. The ACA would have helped them, but their states chose to opt out of Medicaid expansion). Based on the results of the KFF study, a good chunk of the subsidy-eligible survey respondents might not know about the subsidies, even if they’re currently enrolled in an exchange plan and receiving premium subsidies

Many won’t need exchanges to get coverage

Some of the subsidy-eligible folks may have since obtained employer-sponsored insurance, but it’s possible that others are planning to shop for coverage outside the exchange. And given the results of the Kaiser Family Foundation study, a lot of them might be surprised to learn how high their premiums will be if they stray from the exchange.

We also have to keep in mind that the individual health insurance market has historically been very dynamic – people move in and out of it all the time, and the ACA doesn’t change that. If we consider the population that had individual coverage at the start of 2010, only 48 percent of them were still in the individual market two years later. This is understandable when we consider that people use individual policies as transitional coverage when they’re in between jobs, and also the fact that self-employment is notoriously rocky and includes a constantly shifting population.

As the Bankrate study authors noted, a lot of exchange enrollees might be planning to let their current plans automatically renew. In most states, you can do nothing and your coverage will automatically renew. (Our new free ebook explains how renewal works in every state).

But defaulting to auto-renewal is generally a bad idea, as rates are changing with most carriers and subsidies will be based on new benchmark plans in many areas. The good news is that people who opt for auto-renewal and then find themselves with a higher-than-expected bill in January will still have time to select a different plan before the end of open enrollment on February 15.

All of this data has to be taken into consideration when we peruse the Bankrate study results. When we look at the big picture of the individual health insurance market, consumers’ understanding of subsidies, the fact that the survey included anyone who visited the exchange sites – not just those who purchased plans – and also the fact that auto-renewal for 2015 will be possible – although not advisable – for most enrollees, we shouldn’t be surprised by the finding that half of the survey respondents aren’t planning to go back to the exchange during the 2015 open enrollment period.

That’s just the nature of the individual health insurance market. And although many of last year’s users might not need to return to the exchanges, they will be replaced by people who are newly in need of individual coverage or who remained uninsured in 2014.

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Person-Centered HealthCare: Service Dogs – the Puppies

November 2, 2012

One of the breeders of assistance dogs that I was recently talking to estimates that only about 30% of dogs that enter into assistance dog training actually make it through.  “Not everyone can be an astronaut”, she says.

One of the breeders of assistance dogs that I was recently talking to estimates that only about 30% of dogs that enter into assistance dog training actually make it through.  “Not everyone can be an astronaut”, she says.

Assistance dogs are trained and used for many different purposes.  Seeing eye dogs and mobility assist dogs are more commonly known, but there are hearing assist, and diabetes or seizure alert dogs also.  There are also dogs trained to smell peanuts for children that are severely allergic.  There are dogs that help veterans with PSTD, clients afflicted with bipolar disorder, children in rehab with painful burn injuries, and Alzheimer’s disease patients.

There are numerous organizations that breed and train dogs to be assistance dogs.  One of the largest organizations is Canine Companions for Independence (CCI).  I am currently working with Service Dogs of Virginia here in Charlottesville.  Although the methods and goals of the organizations are similar, each has its own set of rules and regulations about breeding, training, puppy raising and applying for an assistance dog.  And I can’t speak for other service dog organizations, but Service Dogs of Virginia is a non-profit organization and exists solely on private funding.Image

I spent some time helping socialize a litter of 6 puppies for a breeder of Labrador Retrievers for several assistant dog organizations.  This was a fun job!  I learned a lot about early puppy socialization and training and really enjoyed seeing the puppies grow and learn in the 8 weeks that the breeder had them before they went on to their puppy raisers.

Service dog breeding candidates are chosen for their even temperament and gentle disposition.  Labrador Retrievers are an excellent breed for this kind of work.  The puppies are whelped and raised for about 8 weeks by the breeder and then raised by special puppy-raisers until they are about a year old.  They then go on to formal service dog organizations that train them further for about a year before they are transferred to a client who will keep them until they retire at about 10 years of age.

5 Critical Health Risks That Can Be Deadly For Seniors

Puppy socialization and “training” can start when the puppies are as early as 4 days old.  Before their eyes are even open, they are very gently handled by selected, different individuals who hold them and also place them in various positions (upside down, on their back, cradled) so they get slowly used to being handled and being able to cope with different experiences.  Dr Carmen Battaglia writes about  early handling and neurological stimulation exercises and studies that show that early exposure to different very light stressors will allow the dogs to better handle any future environmental condition that they come across. The dogs are also closely monitored to keep track of their response.

It is crucial at all times to make sure that the pups are exposed to different situations in a gentle and positive manner.

From the time they can walk, the pups are rewarded for good behavior.  They are not picked up unless they are quiet.  They are taught to wait patiently for their food and they are praised when they come when called.  As soon as they can eat dry food, they are rewarded with little bits of food when they sit.  By the time the pups are about 3 weeks, they are starting to sit for treats and by the time they are 6 weeks old, they can all sit for treats at the trainer’s feet, waiting patiently to be praised and rewarded.

At 8 weeks, the puppies are taken to their puppy raiser’s home where they will stay until they are about a year old.  During this time, they go once a week to the service dog organization for training.  The puppy raiser will also train them by taking them to supermarkets, shopping malls, and anywhere else where they can be exposed to the kind of life that they will have when they are working dogs.  In the beginning, when they are young, the puppy raiser will sometimes carry them in a puppy pouch.  When they get used to being in different environments or when they are in a situation that the puppy raiser thinks they can handle, they will walk by her side and wear a special service dog cape.  In all cases, the puppies are exposed very gently and positively to different situations. Image

7 Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Family Dentist

If the trainer feels that the dog is having difficulty coping with situations, the dog will be re-evaluated.  A good percentage of the dogs do not make it through the demanding training course required to be a service dog.  The others are re-homed to either their puppy trainer or another suitable home where they are raised as pets.  It is important for everyone (dog, trainer, and potential client) to be ready and able to make this decision.

I have been working with a breeder here in Charlottesville and with Service Dogs of Virginia.  The breeders that give their time and energy to breed, raise and donate the puppies, the people that work for SDV and all the volunteers are to be commended. A great deal of patience, love and time goes into training these little pups and everyone puts a huge amount of effort into trying to make these dogs into the best service dogs possible.

Earlier this year, I volunteered every day for 6 weeks to raise this litter of 6 pups.  I took video shots along the way and made this video of Widget’s Wonders.  It’s pretty amateurish, but it still makes me smile!

If you like this post, please read other posts in the series on the Person-Centered HealthCare main page.

And if you have a story to tell that may be a fit with our series, please comment below or email me at joan@socialmediatoday.com


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Managing Media: We Need a Plan

American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidance on managing children’s and adolescents’ media use

From TV to smartphones to social media, the lives of U.S. children and families are dominated by 24/7 media exposure. Despite this, many children and teens have few rules around their media use.

According to a revised policy statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), “Children, Adolescents and the Media,” released Oct. 28 at the AAP National Conference & Exhibition in Orlando, the digital age is the ideal time to change the way we address media use.

While media by itself is not the leading cause of any health problem in the U.S., it can contribute to numerous health risks. At the same time, kids can learn many positive things from pro-social media.

“A healthy approach to children’s media use should both minimize potential health risks and foster appropriate and positive media use—in other words, it should promote a healthy ‘media diet’,” said Marjorie Hogan, MD, FAAP, co-author of the AAP policy. “Parents, educators and pediatricians should participate in media education, which means teaching children and adolescents how to make good choices in their media consumption.”

The policy statement was published online Oct. 28 in Pediatrics and will be included in the November 2013 issue of the journal. The policy statement replaces one issued in 2001.

The AAP advocates for better and more research about how media affects youth. Excessive media use has been associated with:
  • Obesity
  • Lack of sleep
  • School problems
  • Aggression
  • Other behavior issues
A recent study shows that the average 8- to 10-year-old spends nearly 8 hours a day with different media, and older children and teens spend more than 11 hours per day. Kids who have a TV in their bedroom spend more time with media. About 75 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds own cell phones, and nearly all teenagers use text messaging.

The amount of time spent with screens is one issue, and content is another. On the positive side, pro-social media not only can help children and teens learn facts, but it can also help teach empathy, racial and ethnic tolerance, and a whole range of interpersonal skills.
Pediatricians care about what kids are viewing, how much time they are spending with media, and privacy and safety issues with the Internet.
“For nearly three decades, the AAP has expressed concerns about the amount of time that children and teen-agers spend with media, and about some of the content they are viewing,” said Victor Strasburger, MD, FAAP, co-author of the report. “The digital age has only made these issues more pressing.”

The AAP policy statement offers recommendations for parents and pediatricians, including:

For Parents:

  • Parents can model effective “media diets” to help their children learn to be selective and healthy in what they consume. Take an active role in children’s media education by co-viewing programs with them and discussing values.
  • Make a media use plan, including mealtime and bedtime curfews for media devices. Screens should be kept out of kids’ bedrooms.
  • Limit entertainment screen time to less than one or two hours per day; in children under 2, discourage screen media exposure.

For Pediatricians:

  • Pediatricians should ask two questions at the well-child visit: How much time is the child spending with media? Is there a television and/or Internet-connected device in the child’s bedroom? Take a more detailed media history with children or teens at risk for obesity, aggression, tobacco or substance use, or school problems.
  • Work with schools to encourage media education; encourage innovative use of technology to help students learn; and to have rules about what content may be accessed on devices in the classroom.
  • Challenge the entertainment industry to create positive content for children and teens, and advocate for strong rules about how products are marketed to youth.
  • As the media landscape continues to evolve at a rapid pace, the AAP calls for a federal report on what is known about the media’s effects on youth and what research needs to be conducted. The AAP calls for an ongoing mechanism to fund research about media’s effects.

Additional Resources:

10/28/2013 8:30 AM
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Adrenplus-300 - Healthy Habits Living

Douglas Labs

Douglas Laboratories Adrenplus-300

Adrenplus-300 is a blend of vitamins, minerals and bovine adrenal glandular concentrate designed to support adrenal tissue.

Each serving contains:

Vitamin A (as Vitamin A Acetate)  -  5,000 IU
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)  -  300 mg
Thiamine  -  3 mg
Riboflavin  -  1.5 mg
Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxine HCl)  -  50 mg
Pantothenic Acid (as d-Calcium Pantothenate)  -  60 mg
Zinc (from Zinc Aspartate Complex)  -  15 mg
Adrenal (bovine)  -  300 mg
Spleen (bovine)  -  50 mg

Other ingredients: Cellulose, gelatin (capsule) and vegetable stearate.

Suggested Use

As a dietary supplement, adults take 2 capsules daily or as directed by your healthcare professional.

More Info.

As co-enzymes, the B vitamins are essential components in most major metabolic reactions. They play an important role in energy production, including the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. B vitamins and minerals are also important for blood cells, hormones, and nervous system function.  As water-soluble substances, B vitamins are not generally stored in the body in any appreciable amounts. Thiamin and riboflavin are all essential coenzymes in energy production. Thiamin is converted quickly into thiamin pyrophosphate, which is required for glycolytic and Krebs cycle reactions. Thiamin also appears to be related to nerve impulse transmission.  Riboflavin is a component of the coenzymes FAD and FMN, which are intermediates in many redox reactions, including energy production and cellular respiration reactions. Vitamin B-6 is a coenzyme in amino acid metabolism.

It is necessary for the metabolism of homocysteine and the conversion of tryptophan into niacin. Vitamin B-6 dependent enzymes are also needed for the biosynthesis of many neurotransmitters, including serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.  Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A and of phosphopantetheine, and is therefore essential for Krebs cycle operation. Vitamin A (retinol) is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, growth, reproduction, cell division, and the integrity of the immune system.  Zinc is an essential trace element involved in most major metabolic pathways. General signs of human zinc deficiency indicate that zinc has important functions in maintaining immune function, reproduction, healthy skin, and growth. The adrenal glands and spleen support stress management and the immune system.

Disclaimer: We ship Douglas Laboratories products only to customers within the United States of America. Douglas Laboratories’ logo, text, graphics, and photo images are the property of HVL LLC dba Douglas Laboratories and are used with permission. Copyright © 2018.

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Northwest CT YMCA - Winsted/Winchester

Winsted Branch

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In communities across the nation, the Y is a leading voice on health and well-being. With a mission centered on balance, the Y brings families closer together, encourages good health and fosters connections through fitness, sports, fun and shared interests. We also work at the forefront of some of the greatest health issues facing the United States today. From childhood obesity to diabetes prevention, Ys develop programs that provide enjoyable settings for physical exercise and offer practical and realistic means for people to monitor and maintain their progress towards healthy lifestyles. As a result, millions of youth, adults and families are receiving the support, guidance and resources they need to achieve greater health and well-being for their spirit, mind and body.

  • Street: 480 Main Street
  • City: Winsted
  • State: CT
  • Postcode: 06098

  • Telephone: 860-379-0708
  • Fax: 877-233-0836
  • E-Mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Health Tips

  • Go for medical check-ups even if not sick.
  • Drink more water, even if not thirsty.
  • Learn to let go, even if faced with grave problems.
  • Endeavour to give in, even if you are in the right.

  • Do your job/profession sincerely, work hard.
  • Whenever time permits enjoy to the tilt.
  • Sleep adequately.
  • Exercise.

Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site!


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Property Acquisition, Design & Green Design, Construction

Complete Management

Initally immersed in complex entanglements, this property became a spectacular legacy waterfront home.
> Learn More

Design & Renovation

Choosing between razing or renovating, The Leelanau School chose HearthStone to revitalize its aging campus.
> Learn More

Picturesque hills and valleys nestled in northern forest land, Florey's Ranch Estates features stunning properties.
> Learn More


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Safe Gigs For Women has partnered with the Heavy Music Awards for a second year.

The campaign group – started in 2015 – is led entirely by volunteers to make gigs and festivals a safer environment for women by stamping out the risk of sexual harassment.

Sam Carter, lead singer of Architects, hit the headlines last year after calling out a male fan for allegedly committing such an offence at Lowlands Festival in The Netherlands.

Architects have since began working with Safe Gigs for Women after first meeting at House of Vans London during Heavy Music Awards 2017.

In 2018, Safe Gigs for Women has taken the position of “Official Supporter” at the HMAs.

The initiative has three key aims:

To work with gig goers in spreading the word that it is not okay to grope, threaten or harass others and to encourage victims to speak out and supporters to advocate that this behaviour will not be tolerated.

To team up with venues to ensure they take reports of sexual harassment and other threats to women seriously and create a “safe venue” standard.

To connect with bands and artists to promote the recognition of standards, talk about SGfW work and to share with their audiences the importance of recognising and sharing acceptable behaviour codes.

Mel Kelly, a member of the leadership team of SGFW, spoke about why a change in attitude is necessary to make gigs and festivals safer for women.

“Safe Gigs for Women was founded after our founder was sexually assaulted, and not for the first time, at a live event in 2015.

“Live music is so important to me and to so many women I know. Gigs and festivals are a huge part of my life.

“We are thrilled that the HMAs have chosen to support us so visibly again this year. We remain excited about working with them, with venues, musicians and the gig-going public to make sexual safety a priority in live music.

“Thank you so much to the management of the Heavy Music Awards for helping us spread the word.”

Iain Johnson, from the Heavy Music Awards, described the initiative as “important for the future of live music”.

He added: “The Heavy Music Awards is very proud to support Safe Gigs for Women once again.

“It is vital that we all work together to stamp out the risks of sexual assault at gigs and festivals and Safe Gigs for Women offer a very effective spearhead for that.

“Such behaviour should never be tolerated, we must stand together and stamp it out.”

For more information about Safe Gigs for Women click visit the official website, or find them on Twitter or Facebook.

Latest News


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  • Western Botanicals Formulas Sale

Western Botanicals Essiac Alcohol Extract is the popular Essiac formula is made to the exact specification outlined by Rene Caisse, without the endorsement and exorbitant cost. It is a gentle yet powerful blood cleanser used successfully for everything from acne to the worst health problems. All herbs used are organically grown.

Western Botanicals Essiac Formula contains: Burdock root, Sheep Sorrel herb, Slippery Elm inner bark, Turkey Rhubarb root.  Extracted and preserved in USP Grade Grain Alcohol.

Suggested Guidelines: not recommended if pregnant or nursing. May have a mild laxative effect. Discontinue use if diarrea or abdominl cramping occur. Consult your healthcare profesional if condition persists.

Essiac Formula alcohol extract: 2 droppersful 3 times daily. May be used in water or juice if desired.

The products and the claims made about specific products on or through this site have not been evaluated by Herbs First LLC or the United States Food and Drug Administration and are not approved to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem.


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Non-Contact Measurement of Gear Racks

Optimising Measurement Cycle Times Using the Hp-O Hybrid Optical Sensor

A gear rack is part of an assembly for converting rotational motion into linear motion. Typical applications are steering racks in cars and trucks as well as machine tool drives, transport systems, etc. The serial production of high-performance steering components like gear racks requires a fast and precise metrological solution to control the production process reliably.

Developments in manufacturing technology have been the driver for developments in metrology specific to this application. By combining a highly accurate coordinate measuring machine (CMM), interferometric and variable high-speed scanning (VHSS) technologies with dedicated metrology software, manufacturers are capable of reducing cycle times by up to 75%.

Racks are classified by the DIN / ASME standard on a scale of 1 to 12. A quality 1 rack is produced by grinding and used in top-end applications such as machine tool drives where precise positioning with zero backlash is important. A quality 12 rack is produced by milling and used in low-end applications such as lifting equipment where precision is less important.

To determine the geometry of a rack, there are three main features to capture: the tooth profile (straight or involute), flank profile (straight), and the pitch of the teeth. Conventional rack measurement is a combination of scanning four teeth (axially and radially) to determine the profile and flank and either centring or taking individual points in the tooth gaps to determine the pitch and runout to the part datums. The cycle time distribution is 20% for the four tooth scans and 80% for the pitch points.

Tactile inspection of racks is a mature technology based on conventional gear tester methodology. Inspection times are significantly longer than the cycle time, so tactile inspection is a solution for sample inspection, not production control.

A Flexible Solution
The HP-O Hybrid optical sensor enables gear rack manufacturers to choose technology best suited to the application. Optical sensors offer speed and accuracy, while tactile sensors can access difficult-to-reach features. The tooth and flank profiles, for example, are captured using the tactile sensor in VHSS mode, whereas tactile metrology is very time-consuming and less detailed when capturing pitch points, making the optical sensor ideal.

The HP-O Hybrid allows instant switches from tactile to optical measurement within the measuring program. An interferometric distance sensor with a resolution of 0.003 microns and a Ø0.011mm spot, it can measure shiny surfaces and is insensitive to changes in ambient light, optimal for capturing high-density data in a production environment.

The optical sensor is used to capture the axial profile by a single-axis move along the complete length of the rack. The pitch points are extracted from the scan. Compared to one point per second using tactile, the optical system can capture up to 1 000 points per second, eliminating pitch measurement, the time-consuming part of the process.

To fully utilise the potential of the HP-O Hybrid sensor, a CMM with appropriate accuracy and dynamics is required. The optical sensor can be used in single-point mode or continuous scanning mode. Unlike the tactile solution, only the surface points inside the focus range of the sensor are captured. Part features can be programmed and captured quickly, minimising the cycle time.

The combination of a Leitz Reference HP CMM, HP-O Hybrid sensor and VHSS technologies with QUINDOS metrology software paves the way to more precise metrology, that can keep in sync with production when used in conjunction with multi-position fixturing, pallet loaders and automation systems.

Application Report: Non-Contact Measurement of Gear Racks

Hexagon’s premier cross-industry technology conference, HxGN LIVE, contains inspiring keynotes, unlimited networking and must-see technologies.

HP-O Optical Sensors

The HP-O sensor solution is a scanning technology for coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and is based on frequency-modulated interferometric optical distance measurement.

Leitz Reference HP

The high-precision Leitz Reference HP series of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with a moving bridge are ideal inspection centres for complex measuring tasks. By...


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10 Great New Fruit and Vegetable Varieties to Grow in 2018

From snack-sized tomtoes to rainbow-colored peppers, you'll find tasty new edibles for your spring garden.

Photo By: PanAmerican Seed

Photo By: Johnny's Selected Seeds

Photo By: PanAmerican Seed

Photo By: Seeds by Design/National Garden Bureau

Photo By: National Garden Bureau

Photo By: National Garden Bureau

Photo By: Bonnie Plants/National Garden Bureau

Photo By: Terra Organics/National Garden Bureau

Photo By: Terra Organics/National Garden Bureau

Photo By: Terra Organics/National Garden Bureau

Pepper 'Candy Cane Red'

Pick a peck of pretty peppers when you grow 'Candy Cane Red'. These green-striped fruits take on shades of yellow and orange before ripening to solid red, and even the variegated leaves are attractive. The peppers are also sweet and crispy, with thin walls that make them great for munching out of hand or tossing into salads. Plant this variety in containers or in the ground. Because the plants have a mounding growth habit, and top out around 18-24" tall, they don't usually need staking.

Swiss Chard 'Rhubarb Supreme'

The breeders of 'Rhubarb Supreme' say it’s the most bolt-resistant red chard on the market, which means it will produce for a longer period of time than other varieties. Start this open-pollinated chard indoors, in early spring, about 5 to 6 weeks before the last heavy frosts in your area (it can tolerate light frosts), or sow the seeds outdoors in a cold frame. If you live in a mild climate, 'Rhubarb Supreme’ may overwinter. The plants have deep green, crinkly leaves and bright, ruby-red stalks.

Cherry Tomato 'Midnight Snack'

'Midnight Snack' cherry-type tomatoes are delicious in salads or popped right into your mouth while you're picking in the garden. In full sun, the red fruits take on a glossy, purplish-black cast that comes from pigments containing healthy antioxidants. You can start harvesting from the indeterminate plants in about 65-70 days from transplanting. 'Midnight Snack' is an All-American Selections (AAS) award-winner.

Hungarian Pepper 'Mexican Sunrise' F1

Looking for a medium-hot pepper? Try 'Mexican Sunrise'. These Hungarian peppers range in color from lime green to yellow, orange and red as they ripen, so you'll often have a rainbow of hues on the same plant. The thick-walled fruits are good for eating fresh, pickling or processing, but they're also pretty enough to dress up your garden or use for fall decorations. This variety is another AAS winner with a bushy growth habit that's suitable for containers or small gardens.

Pak Choi 'Asian Delight' F1

According to a recent study of food trends, Asian cuisine will continue to be popular this year, with Filipino foods joining Thai, Korean and Vietnamese dishes on our tables. 'Asian Delight' F1 pak choi, or bok choy, is a Chinese cabbage that you can chop for Filipino-inspired soups, stews, sauces and more. This AAS-winning variety forms 5-7" heads with tender, mild-tasting ribs and dark green leaves. In field trials, other pak chois bolted much earlier than 'Asian Delight', so you can expect bigger yields than with other varieties.

Corn 'Sweet American Dream'

'Sweet American Dream' is also an AAS winner. This bicolor corn is ready in 77 days from sowing, and since it was bred to have twice the sugar content of regular corn, the kernels are sweet and tender. Plant it in short blocks for maximum pollination, and sow more seeds every 2 or 3 weeks for a continual harvest. Be sure the soil is consistently warm before you plant. The stalks grow 6 to 7 feet tall.

Tomato 'Centennial'

Bred to celebrate Bonnie Plants' 100th anniversary, the 'Centennial' tomato can be grown in containers or your garden. Expect plump fruits to slice for sandwiches and hamburgers in 80 to 90 days from planting. Hot weather doesn’t slow down these determinate plants, which have excellent resistance to diseases. For best results, do a soil test before you plant, so you'll know what nutrients you need to add to your soil, if any.

Okra 'Star of David'

Native to Israel, ''Star of David' is a delicious variety that produces thick, plump okra pods for pickling, frying or grilling. The plants grow 5 to 7 feet tall, with attractive, purple-tinted leaves. Harvest the pods while they’re still short and young, in about 60 to 75 days from planting, or they'll turn woody and tough. The spines can be prickly, so you may want to wear gloves when you're picking.

Radish 'Rudolph'

Need an easy way to mark the rows in your garden? Plant fast-sprouting radishes like 'Rudolph' (you may see this variety shown as 'Rudolf' on some websites) in spring or fall. These crisp, round radishes, which are as red as the legendary reindeer's nose, are ready to pull in 25 days from sowing. They resist cracking and won’t get pithy and pungent as long as you don’t leave them in the ground too long. Sow more seeds every 10 days for a fresh, continuous harvest.

Pumpkin Cushaw 'Orange Striped'

This cushaw pumpkin is great for making into pies and other baked goods. 'Orange Striped' is pear-shaped, with a curved neck and sweet, thick, yellow flesh. Get a jump start on the season by starting the seeds indoors; these veggies need about 110 days to mature. Wait until all chance of frost has passed before you transplant your seedlings into the garden, or direct sow the seeds only after the soil temperatures warm up to 72 degrees F. At harvest, each of these colorful pumpkins can weigh 15 to 25 pounds or more.

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Wednesday, February 25, 2015

Becoming A Lawyer In The Old West

I’m working on a few new ideas for stories, and in the course of trying to plot one of them, I found I needed to research how people became lawyers in the Old West.
We all know how you’d study law today. One would apply for law school, complete the required coursework, take a bar exam, and voila!—you’re a lawyer. But the process was much different in the past.
During the colonial days, there were no law schools, either here in America or back in England. In fact, it wasn’t until a few years after the American Revolution that the first colleges—the College of William and Mary and the University of Pennsylvania—added a “Chair in Law” to their collegiate staff. By 1784, the Litchfield Law School opened, becoming the first official law school. It wasn’t until the 1840s and beyond that Yale, Harvard, and other prestigious institutions known today opened the doors to their law schools. And if you were a woman hoping to practice law, your choices were even fewer. Women were not allowed to study law in colleges and universities until the late 1800s or early 1900s.
So how did one become a lawyer with few choices for schooling? The short answer is—you became an apprentice. Sounds simple enough, though in my estimation, the process was anything but...
The process, called “reading law,” was composed of only two steps. First, the would-be lawyer would need to find an experienced, practicing lawyer who was willing to apprentice or mentor him. Second, under the tutelage of a willing teacher, the new apprentice would begin a period of study. There was no determined length of this period of study, so I’m led to believe the length of study depended on the how quickly the student learned and could convince his teacher he understood the ins and outs of the law.
Title page of Coke's
The Institutes of Lawes of England
There were two main texts used in this study time. The first, The Institutes of Lawes of England written by Sir Edward Coke, was a series of legal articles first published between 1628 and 1644. The other, Commentaries on the Laws of England written by Sir William Blackstone, was a 18th century publication on the common laws of England published in four volumes. I imagine that trying to muddle through these extensive tomes on a self-study course would be difficult, at best, and would probably require many long discussions between the experienced lawyer and the apprentice. In addition, other lesser-known texts could be used for clarification and support, and lectures by the “Chair of Law” professors at various colleges and universities were also used to bolster the apprentice’s understanding, if he were near enough to attend such events. For those living in out of the way places, they relied strictly on the two resources named above.
Title Page of Blackstone's
Commentaries on the Laws of England
As the study progressed and the apprentice grew in knowledge, the mentoring lawyer would allow him to do more of the work of a full-fledged lawyer, whether that was researching laws, filing petitions, or helping to prepare for trials.
In 1878, the American Bar Association was formed. Due to the association’s pressure upon the states not to admit just anyone to the Bar, the method of apprenticeship began to wane. By the 1890s, the new standard was to attend at least a couple of years of law school before one could be admitted to the bar.
A few historical figures who became lawyers via the process of “reading law” were:
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson—7th President of the United States
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln—16th President of the United States
Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge—30th President of the United States
Robert H Jackson
Robert H Jackson—US Supreme Court Justice
Strom Thurmond
Strom Thurmond—US Senator and former Presidential candidate
Interestingly, while the standard today is for would-be lawyers to graduate from law school, there are still several states that allow people to become lawyers by reading law under the tutelage of a practicing judge or attorney, then taking the bar exam. Among them are California, Maine, Vermont, Virginia, and New York (though New York requires at least one year of law school). In 2013, sixty people in the U.S. were admitted to the Bar Association under this process, as opposed to the 84,000 people who studied in law schools before being admitted to the Bar.
It’s your turn: Would you employ the services of an attorney today who had “read law” rather than attended law school?
Jennifer Uhlarik discovered the western genre as a pre-teen, when she swiped the only “horse” book she found on her older brother’s bookshelf. A new love was born. Across the next ten years, she devoured Louis L’Amour westerns and fell in love with the genre. In college at the University of Tampa, she began penning her own story of the Old West. Armed with a B.A. in writing, she has won five writing competitions and finaled in two other competitions. In addition to writing, she has held jobs as a private business owner, a schoolteacher, a marketing director, and her favorite—a full-time homemaker. Jennifer is active in American Christian Fiction Writers and lifetime member of the Florida Writers Association. She lives near Tampa, Florida, with her husband, teenaged son, and four fur children.

  1. Wow, Jenn, I never knew that about Strom and I live here in SC! Thanks for sharing. Can't wait to stump some other South Carolinians with this trivia.

    1. Glad I was able to teach you something new, Debbie Lynne. ;)

  2. Hi, Jenn, I didn't know that some states still allowed people to "read" law. That's very interesting. Would I allow someone like that to represent me? I tend to look at experience as opposed to schooling. If a lawyer has a good reputation and has successfully handled similar cases he or she will be on my case.

    1. Hi Margaret, I feel much the same as you. Official education isn't everything, and certificates and diplomas don't necessarily mean one is the best qualified for the job. I think I'd be open to hiring a lawyer who'd "read" law, so long as I was confident in that person's skill as a lawyer. Thanks for sharing your thoughts!

  3. Great post, Jen. It's very interesting that a person can take the bar and not attend law-school beforehand. Though an education is extremely valuable, experience can be the best education. Thanks for sharing your research. I can't wait to read your new story.

    1. Thanks for stopping by, Michele. Glad to have you here. I agree with you that experience is often the best teacher. There is just nothing like "on the job training."


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Common Questions About Wisdom Teeth Removal

Wisdom teeth are the last four teeth to erupt into the mouth. They grow in the back of the mouth, often coming in during the late teens or early twenties. Unfortunately, many people don’t have room for them and need their wisdom teeth removed. This guide will answer some common questions about wisdom teeth removal.

When Should I Have My Wisdom Teeth Removed?

Many people choose wisdom tooth removal between the ages of 15-20. At this age, your teeth may not be fully erupted, but wisdom tooth removal is often easiest before the wisdom teeth are fully developed. Some patients may need extraction at an earlier age to avoid damage to the surrounding teeth.  The best way to determine the timing of your wisdom tooth removal, or to determine if removal is needed, is to schedule a consultation with an oral surgeon. After an oral examination and x-rays, we can help you decide if and when wisdom tooth removal is needed.

If you have room in your mouth for your wisdom teeth and can keep them clean, they may not need to be removed.

Why Are Wisdom Teeth Removed?

Wisdom teeth are often malpositioned due to space constraints. The teeth may be unable to fully erupt or may be growing at an angle, pressing up against the neighboring teeth. An oral surgeon can help you determine if your wisdom teeth are causing problems or if they are likely to cause problems in the future. Here are a few reasons you may need to consider wisdom tooth removal.

  • Jaw Damage– Cysts can develop around new teeth. If left untreated, they can cause permanent nerve and jaw damage.
  • Sinus Issues- Some patients with wisdom tooth issues experience sinus pain.
  • Damage to Other Teeth– Wisdom teeth can cause alignment problems with other teeth. Cavities and decay on the wisdom teeth can spread to the surrounding teeth.
  • Cavities- Many patients are unable to properly clean their wisdom teeth, leading to cavities and tooth decay.

What Happens During Wisdom Tooth Removal?

Your wisdom tooth removal will be customized to your unique needs. During your consultation, we’ll discuss your individual situation and make plans for appropriate pain relief, sedation (if desired), etc. We typically remove all four wisdom teeth at once, minimizing your downtime and inconvenience. Come see us and we’ll create a treatment plan together.

What Is Recovery Like After Wisdom Tooth Removal?

Recovery times vary after wisdom tooth removal, often depending on the difficulty of your extraction.  Plan on at least three days of downtime with prescription pain relief. Take it easy and get plenty of rest during the first few days. Most patients are sore for about a week, but able to resume regular activities. Complicated removals may require a longer period of downtime.

Not all patients need wisdom tooth removal, but if you do, we’re ready to help. Call our offices today and schedule your consultation.

Wisdom Tooth Surgery Recovery

Your dentist may suggest a wisdom tooth removal (or third molar surgery) for various reasons. It could be to prevent further oral complications or to help maintain how well your teeth look. Once your wisdom tooth has been removed, it’s wise to follow all aftercare instructions for your safety and fast recovery.

What to Do After the Surgery

For Swelling

It’s natural to have some swelling after your tooth has been extracted. To help with swelling, apply an ice pack to the outside of your mouth. Do it intermittently; for example, you can apply it 20 minutes on, and then 20 minutes off. If the treated area was infected prior to the procedure, your dentist may suggest using warm, moist compresses rather than ice. You should do this within two days to minimize bruising or any discomfort.

For Bleeding

Bleeding will occur after your surgery for up to 24 hours. Try to avoid spitting as it may dislodge the blood clot from the surgery site. You may be asked to keep a gauze pad over the extraction site 30 minutes after the procedure. It is also an option to use a wet tea bag and place it over the treated site for 30 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea bag will help contract the bleeding vessels that will eventually set the blood clot.

Cleaning Your Mouth

Typically, your dentist will allow you to brush your teeth or use mouthwash 24 hours after your surgery. However, in some cases, patients are permitted to use diluted mouthwash or salt water for mouth cleansing 12 hours after the procedure. Practice care when brushing teeth, especially at the site of extraction. You may also need to avoid doing rigorous exercise, smoking, or spitting for as long as there is bleeding.

Limitations on Food

Eating, drinking, and talking should be limited for at least two hours after the surgery. Once the bleeding stops, you can only drink clear liquids and eat soft food. To avoid dislodging of the treated site, you will be asked to avoid carbonated drinks. You must also refrain from eating foods like popcorn, pasta or peanuts that may leave particles in your socket.

Your doctor will prescribe medicine that will help you manage pain and prevent infection. Follow your doctor’s instructions exactly as directed. If you take a strong narcotic medication, you must avoid driving or operating machinery as well as drinking alcoholic beverages.

When to Reach out to Your Dentist or Surgeon

Swelling and bleeding at the treated site will improve as the days go by. If you experience or notice unusual changes or no improvement of the extracted site, you may need to call your dentist. Here are some of the symptoms and signs to look out for that suggest you need to see your doctor:

  • Swelling gets worse
  • Difficulty in breathing or swallowing
  • Excessive bleeding despite of applied pressure
  • Throbbing pain 3-4 days after the surgery
  • Consistent bad taste in the mouth that cannot be removed by rinsing
  • Elevated fever
  • Pus in the socket
  • Nasal discharge in the form of pus or blood
  • Persistent numbness

Know More About a Wisdom Tooth Surgery

Our highly trained medical staff will be happy to inform you about a third molar surgery. Schedule a consultation to find out if you need a wisdom tooth surgery, or if you need a professional help after getting one.

Do I need to have my wisdom teeth removed?

Wisdom teeth or third molars often erupt during adulthood. By this time, the mouth has developed a complete set of teeth, and the size of the jaw has stopped growing. It could be the reason why wisdom teeth frequently become problematic. When there is no room in the mouth for another molar, or when the third molar protrudes in an awkward position, it typically results in complications. For this reason, numerous doctors suggest wisdom tooth removal. A third molar surgery is usually performed between the ages of 15 to 20. The situation of your wisdom teeth can be detected with an x-ray. If you don’t feel any pain, but your third molar/wisdom teeth may soon cause a mouth problem, your dentist will recommend removal. There are various reasons why third molar removal is necessary. In this section we will know when the wisdom teeth can be kept or removed.

When Wisdom Tooth Removal Becomes Necessary

The Wisdom Teeth Will Cause or are Causing Damage to Other Teeth

The new set of growing molars may push the existing teeth, which may cause pain or bite problems. The new wisdom teeth may also damage other existing teeth by pushing against them as they grow. This problem can be prevented by removing wisdom teeth that can potentially damage teeth.

Wisdom Teeth Will Cause or are Causing Jaw Damage

Cysts can form around the wisdom teeth. These cysts can hollow out the jaws and damage the nerves.

Wisdom Teeth Will Cause or are Causing a Sinus Problem

An impacted wisdom tooth may cause further sinus problems leading to sinus pain, pressure, as well as congestion.

Wisdom Teeth Will Cause or are Causing Inflamed Gums

The location of wisdom teeth may cause the gums to swell and become difficult to clean. This could lead to more complicated issues such as infection.

Wisdom Teeth Will Cause or are Causing Cavities

Wisdom teeth can cause the gums to swell. The swollen gums can result in formation of pockets where bacteria grow. Thus, resulting in cavities.

Wisdom Teeth Will Affect or are Affecting the Teeth Alignment

An impacted wisdom tooth can cause overcrowding to the existing set of teeth. The new third molars may push against other teeth, which may affect the original alignment.

When Wisdom Teeth Can Be Kept

  • You have healthy third molars
  • Your wisdom teeth are positioned correctly
  • The third molars do not affect other teeth
  • The third molars are fully erupted
  • The wisdom teeth and surrounding gums can be cleaned easily
  • The wisdom teeth don’t cause pain or swelling

Schedule Your Consultation

Schedule a consultation and let our best surgeons assess your teeth. The only way to find out if your wisdom tooth must be removed is through an X-ray, and then analyzing its results. Get your questions asked during your consultation, our highly trained medical staff will be glad to provide answers. For the healthiest teeth and mouth possible, call Hill Country Oral Surgery today.

Top 5 Things to Do while Recovering from Wisdom Tooth Extraction

Wisdom teeth removal is one of the most common rites of passage for adults. It’s a simple procedure, although once your wisdom tooth has been removed, it is normal to feel some pain and discomfort. The removal of wisdom teeth is still a surgical procedure, and it’s essential that you follow your surgeon’s instructions for your recovery. Here are the 5 things you can do to make your wisdom tooth removal recovery successful.

1. Allot Substantial Time for Resting

Before your surgery, make you’ve set aside at least a couple of days for resting. If you live alone, you may want to have someone look after you while you heal. Take things slow during the recovery period. Keep your head elevated for the first day of recovery. You may also want to avoid exercising immediately after the procedure. You can begin performing strenuous workouts and weightlifting 5 days after your surgery.

2. Eat the Right Foods

Your surgeon will instruct you to only drink clear liquids and eat liquid food after your wisdom tooth extraction. You can gradually shift to soft solid food. Pudding and jello are good foods to eat during your recovery. It’s essential that you avoid spicy foods and using straws until your socket fully heals.

3. Rinse Mouth with Salt Water

You can brush your teeth normally after the surgery just avoiding the surgical sites. Once the bleeding stops you can use a salt water rinse to keep your mouth clean. You can use this salt water mixture several times a day, especially after eating. It helps with healing, reduces swelling and pain, and lowers the risk of infection.

4. Control Bleeding

You can control bleeding in the socket by using a gauze pad to apply a light pressure. If the bleeding is excessive, you can shift to using damped tea bags to control the bleeding. You can apply light pressure on the site by gently biting down.

5. Exercise Your Jaw

Opening your mouth after the surgery may feel uncomfortable. Your mouth could feel stiff. However, it’s important that you open your mouth every once in a while. Otherwise, the stiffness may turn permanent. For the first time you open your mouth after your tooth has been extracted, do it slowly and gently.

Learn More About Wisdom Tooth Extraction

If you have questions about wisdom tooth extraction, the highly-skilled medical staff of Hill Country Surgery will be glad to answer. Reach out to Hill Country Oral Surgery, and learn everything you need to know about this procedure.


text:
Table of Contents Author Guidelines Submit a Manuscript
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
Volume 2011, Article ID 293161, 8 pages
Research Article

Rapeseed Oil Monoester of Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether as a New Biodiesel

Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710025, China

Received 19 July 2010; Revised 8 December 2010; Accepted 3 January 2011

Academic Editor: R. S. Tjeerdema

Copyright © 2011 Jiang Dayong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. R. Crooles, “New findings on combustion behavior of oxygenated synthetic diesel fuels,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 30, pp. 461–468, 2006. View at Google Scholar
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  3. G. Kaplan, R. Arslan, and A. Surmen, “Modeling the effects of oxygenated fuels and split injections on DI diesel engine performance and emission,” Energy Sources, vol. A28, pp. 751–755, 2006. View at Google Scholar
  4. N. Usta, E. Ozturk, O. Can, and E. Conkur, “Emission characteristics of a navistar 7.3 L turbo diesel fueled with blends of oxygenates and diesel,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 46, pp. 741–755, 2005. View at Google Scholar
  5. M. Lapuerta, O. Armas, and R. Ballesteros, “Oxygenated fuels for particulate emissions reduction in heavy duty DI diesel engines with common rail fuel injection,” Fernandez Fuel, vol. 84, pp. 773–780, 2005. View at Google Scholar
  6. M. Cetinkaya and F. Karaosmanoglu, “The effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 19, pp. 645–652, 2007. View at Google Scholar
  7. D. Y. C. Leung, X. Wu, and M. K. H. Leung, “A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification,” Applied Energy, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 1083–1095, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  8. J. Feng, Structure Analysis and Identification of Organic Compound, Defense Industry, Beijing, China, 2003.
  9. G. Fontaras, G. Karavalakis, M. Kousoulidou et al., “Effects of low concentration biodiesel blends application on modern passenger cars. Part 2: impact on carbonyl compound emissions,” Environmental Pollution, vol. 158, pp. 2496–2504, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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text:
Table of Contents Author Guidelines Submit a Manuscript
BioMed Research International
Volume 2013, Article ID 186068, 11 pages
Research Article

Modulation of Neurological Deficits and Expression of Glutamate Receptors during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis after Treatment with Selected Antagonists of Glutamate Receptors

Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 01-106 Warsaw, Poland

Received 5 April 2013; Accepted 2 June 2013

Academic Editor: George Perry

Copyright © 2013 Grzegorz Sulkowski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The aim of our investigation was to characterize the role of group I mGluRs and NMDA receptors in pathomechanisms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the rodent model of MS. We tested the effects of LY 367385 (S-2-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine, a competitive antagonist of mGluR1), MPEP (2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine, an antagonist of mGluR5), and the uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists amantadine and memantine on modulation of neurological deficits observed in rats with EAE. The neurological symptoms of EAE started at 10-11 days post-injection (d.p.i.) and peaked after 12-13 d.p.i. The protein levels of mGluRs and NMDA did not increase in early phases of EAE (4 d.p.i.), but starting from 8 d.p.i. to 25 d.p.i., we observed a significant elevation of mGluR1 and mGluR5 protein expression by about 20% and NMDA protein expression by about 10% over the control at 25 d.p.i. The changes in protein levels were accompanied by changes in mRNA expression of group I mGluRs and NMDARs. During the late disease phase (20–25 d.p.i.), the mRNA expression levels reached 300% of control values. In contrast, treatment with individual receptor antagonists resulted in a reduction of mRNA levels relative to untreated animals.


text: Figure 8: Performance of the classification in the post hoc online analysis and the offline analysis. The empirical chance level of 57.5% for 120 feedback trials is depicted with a dashed line. The subject labels describe the channel pair which was used for the simulated online and the offline analysis. The last two bars show the group mean which show accuracies above chance level for both analysis procedures.


text:
Table of Contents Author Guidelines Submit a Manuscript
Enzyme Research
Volume 2011, Article ID 642758, 11 pages
Research Article

Enzyme Mechanism and Slow-Onset Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase by an Inorganic Complex

1Instituto de Pesquisas em Patologias Tropicais (IPEPATRO), Rua da Beira 7671, Rodovia BR364 km 3.5, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
2Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6681/92-A, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Received 22 December 2010; Accepted 25 January 2011

Academic Editor: Qi-Zhuang Ye

Copyright © 2011 Patrícia Soares de Maria de Medeiros et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Malaria continues to be a major cause of children's morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing nearly one million deaths annually. The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, synthesizes fatty acids employing the Type II fatty acid biosynthesis system (FAS II), unlike humans that rely on the Type I (FAS I) pathway. The FAS II system elongates acyl fatty acid precursors of the cell membrane in Plasmodium. Enoyl reductase (ENR) enzyme is a member of the FAS II system. Here we present steady-state kinetics, pre-steady-state kinetics, and equilibrium fluorescence spectroscopy data that allowed proposal of P. falciparum ENR (PfENR) enzyme mechanism. Moreover, building on previous results, the present study also evaluates the PfENR inhibition by the pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrateII compound. This inorganic complex represents a new class of lead compounds for the development of antimalarial agents focused on the inhibition of PfENR.


text:
Today in New Delhi, India
Nov 12, 2018-Monday
New Delhi
  • Humidity
  • Wind

From August 24, swipe your Metro card to pay for all bus rides in Delhi

To use the facility, a passenger will have to furnish her metro smart card to the bus conductor and the fare will be automatically deducted after the card is swiped.

delhi Updated: Aug 21, 2018 08:35 IST
Sweta Goswami
Sweta Goswami
Hindustan Times, New Delhi
Delhi Metro,Delhi Metro Smart Card,DTC
AAP MLA Alka Lamba shows her metro card after she arrived at the Delhi Assembly for attending the special session of the Legislative Assembly October 10, 2017. (Image used for representational purpose)(Sonu Mehta/HT File Photo )

From August 24, passengers of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) and cluster buses will be able to use their metro smart cards to pay for their bus rides in Delhi, transport minister Kailash Gahlot said on Monday.

The date for the soft launch of the ‘common mobility card’ project has finally been fixed after a delay of nearly five months. Chief minister Arvind Kejriwal had announced in January this year that electronic payment of fares through metro cards would be launched in all 5,500 buses of Delhi by April 1.

To use the facility, a passenger will have to furnish her metro smart card to the bus conductor and the fare will be automatically deducted after the card is swiped.

The transport minister said he held a high-level meeting on Monday to finalise the launch of the service. Managing Director (MD) of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) Mangu Singh, DTC MD Manoj Kumar, DIMTS MD M Rajshekhar and transport department officials were present.

“People will be able to use their metro cards in all buses of Delhi from August 24. I have directed officers to start advertisement campaigns so people are aware of the service,” Gahlot said.

The minister said though the metro has spread its network in the city, DTC and cluster buses still carry more passengers every day. “Hence, the common mobility card project is vital to integrate the city’s two biggest public transport systems,” he said.

According to government data, the daily average ridership of Delhi metro is 26 lakh whereas the state-run buses in the city carry about 35 lakh people.

The government had first set April 1 deadline for the launch of the service, which was later pushed to the end of the same month.

The second deadline too was missed because the DTC, which operates 3,750 buses in the city, was facing delays in the procurement of secure access module (SAM) chips that need to be fitted in every electronic ticketing machine (ETM) to enable e-payment.

The DTC said the chips are being procured from South Korea and its supplies were reaching the city in a staggered manner. The cluster buses operated by DIMTS did not face the problem as its ETMs were already enabled with the e-payment feature.

“Nearly 2,000 chips arrived in May and 3,000 more arrived recently. The process took time because in a single day, DMRC can energise or calibrate only 150 ETMs,” a DTC official said on condition of anonymity.

Officials privy to the development said the Nirav Modi scam added to the delay. “After the scam, the RBI stopped quasi-bank guarantee instruments such letter of undertakings and letter of comfort. So, the concessionaire had to find alternative payment methods to the vendor in South Korea from where these chips are being purchased. So, this took time,” an official said.

On January 8, Kejriwal had flagged off 250 buses that accepted metro cards for payments. With this, Delhi became the first city in India to introduce an e-purse travel system that performs transactions as low as Rs 5. The maximum fare a state-run bus in Delhi charges is Rs 25.

First Published: Aug 21, 2018 08:31 IST


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