text:
Center for Strategic Communication

A Taliban suicide assault team attacked Forward Operating Base Fenty, a large airbase in Nangarhar in eastern Afghanistan, early this morning.

The heavily armed Taliban assault team of an estimated 10 fighters attacked the main entrance at FOB Fenty in the Behsud district just before 6:00 a.m. local time. The attack began as three suicide bombers detonated their cars packed with explosives near the entrance of the base in an effort to breach the perimeter, according to The New York Times.

A suicide assault team wearing US military uniforms and armed with mortars, machine guns, rocket-propelled grenades, and assault rifles then attempted to storm the base but was beaten back by Afghan and Coalition forces backed by attack helicopters.

The fighting at the main gate lasted for nearly two hours before the Taliban were finally defeated. Nine Taliban fighters, three Afghan security guards, and four civilians were killed in the attack, according to The New York Times. TOLONews reported that “three Afghan special forces soldiers” were killed in the attack.

The International Security Assistance Force told The Long War Journal that there were “no ISAF fatalities as a result of the attack,” but would not comment on the number of Coalition forces wounded.

The Taliban claimed credit for today’s attack and said that “tens of American soldiers and agents,” or Afghans, were killed, according to a statement that was obtained and translated by the SITE Intelligence Group. The Taliban routinely exaggerate the number of Coalition and Afghan soldiers killed in their attacks.

The Taliban also claimed that “there were also massive damages to the enemy hideouts inside the airport,” and said that two aircraft were “targeted” and “destroyed,” while another five-man mortar team fired at the base and then safely withdrew.

The Taliban identified a suicide bomber who rammed the gate as “Sadiqullah.” Other Taliban fighters killed were “Muhammad Omar from Nangarhar province, Sarfaraz from Qarabagh district of Ghazni, Oues Khan from Muhammad Agha district of Logar, Jalal from the city of Gardez, the capital of Paktika, and Sadiqullah and Jamsheed from the residents of Nangarhar province.”

The Taliban have attacked Coalition bases in Nangarhar in the past. Most recently, in April, a car bomb was detonated outside of the main gate, but there were no casualties. At the same time, a four-man suicide assault team launched an attack on neighboring FOB Finley-Shields.

In February, a suicide bomber attacked the main gate at Jalalabad Airfield, killing nine people. The base is used by the US to launch drone strikes against al Qaeda, Taliban, and allied targets in Pakistan’s tribal areas.

Taliban continue to attack major Coalition bases

Today’s suicide assault at FOB Fenty is the third such attack against a major Coalition base since the beginning of June. On June 1, a Haqqani Network suicide team, which was backed by al Qaeda, attacked Forward Operating Base Salerno in Khost province and penetrated security at the base. The attack on FOB Salerno resulted in the deaths of seven civilian contractors and one US soldier inside the base; scores more soldiers were said to have been wounded in the attack. The base PX and a dining facility were leveled in the attack. Salerno is one of the largest Coalition bases in the east, and is also used to launch US drone strikes in Pakistan.

The Taliban later released the Haqqani Network video of the planning and execution of the attack on FOB Fenty. Ayman bin Saeed, a jihadist from Oman who was also known as Abu Abdul Rahman al Oman, was seen in the video and was among those killed during the suicide assault.

The most successful attack against a major base took place on Sept. 14, when the Taliban launched a suicide assault on Camp Bastion in Helmand province. A 15-man Taliban team penetrated the perimeter at the airbase, destroyed six USMC Harriers and damaged two more, and killed the squadron commander and a sergeant. Fourteen of the 15 members of the assault team were killed, while the last was wounded and captured. Camp Bastion is a sprawling military base shared by US Marines and British troops that is located in the middle of the Dashti Margo desert in Helmand province.

The Taliban later released a video clip that showed their fighters preparing for the suicide assault on Camp Bastion. The video included footage of a planning session in front of a whiteboard that has a map of the base; the video also showed two of the fighters delivering their wills. The Mullah Dadullah Front, a Taliban subgroup that closely tied to al Qaeda and is led by a former Guantanamo Bay detainee who serves as the Taliban’s military emir, is thought to have executed the attack.

Attacks on major Coalition facilities are expected to escalate as the US and its allies continue to draw down forces and hand over security to Afghan personnel by 2014. While no final decision has been made on the size of the remaining forces, the Obama administration is expected to approve a residual force estimated at around 10,000 troops. Such a small deployment would allow the US to operate only one or two smaller bases in Afghanistan; Bagram Airbase, Kandahar Airfield, and Camp Bastion, the three largest bases, currently each have tens of thousands of troops operating inside the wire.

The consolidation of troops into a few locations will allow the Taliban to focus their efforts on the small number of bases and increase the frequency of their attacks. This will occur as the US has reduced its combat power and its intelligence gathering capabilities. US forces will also be required to depend more on Afghan forces for their security, even as attacks on Coalition forces by their Afghan allies have spiked.


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Reston Community Center Survey 2009 -- Design Phase

This phase of the 2009 Reston Community Center project was specifically for the purpose of designing and developing the project. Time was spent consulting with the client and the Reston Board of Supervisors on the content of the survey and the protocol for implementing the study which included a CSR experimental design. CSR worked directly with the Reston Community Center Director to define the experimental protocol which involved the use of an address-based sampling plan.
Design Phase only - no sample required.
Principal Investigators
James Ellis
Client Name
Tom Ward
Reston Community Center
Project ID

warcinfo:
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-49
publisher: Common Crawl
description: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2021
operator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)
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software: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)
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Tel: 011-43085920 | Email:

Can I Get a Refund for My Products?

At CSR TIMES, we are offering refund to the customers with certain conditions applied. Within 4 Days of making payment for registration, you can apply for the refund of fees if you are not convinced with the service offered. The refund will be entertained only when the deliverables are not as per terms agreed.

There is no “trial” or “grace period” for any service. All the purchases from our website are final. But still, if you are facing trouble with our services then, you need to do just simply submit a refund request on our email within 4 days of your purchase, with details of your request, and we’ll help you.

Refund requests for any registration fees will not be accepted by any means if the deliverables have already been utilized.

We will make the reimbursement using the same means of payment as you used for the initial transaction unless you have expressly agreed otherwise.

Conditions For a Declined Refund

We will not refund your purchase of the product in the following circumstances:

  • No refunds after 4 days from the date of purchase.
  • If you purchased the service/plan by mistake.
  • After purchasing the service/plan, you changed your mind.
  • If you don’t have the technical skills to use the service/plan.
  • If you breached the Privacy Policy or Terms of Use of our website.
  • If the service/plan is removed from our site and you are unable to see it.
  • If you refuse to accept the help of our support team to assist you while resolving the issue.
  • If you ask for Purchase Keys or API.
  • A refund would be denied in abuse cases.

More Update


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Canada’s Mask Guidance Has Changed, Here’s What You Need to Know

Now that the cold weather has hit and people are moving inside, many doctors and scientists are urging Canadians not only to resist getting complacent about wearing masks to protect against COVID-19 — but also to take a closer look at whether that cloth mask is keeping you and others as safe as possible.

“In general, while non-medical masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19, medical masks and respirators provide better protection,” the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) said on its COVID-19 mask information webpage, which was updated on Nov. 12.

The updated guidance also recommends medical masks or respirators for people “who are at risk of more severe disease or outcomes from COVID-19” and those “at higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 because of their living situation.”

Respirators (such as N-95 and KN-95 masks) are considered the highest level of mask protection and were previously recommended only for healthcare workers coming into direct contact with infectious patients. In those high-risk areas, respirators require a “fit test.”

But in a nod to more general use, PHAC’s guidance now says: “A respirator worn in the community doesn’t need to have been formally fit tested as is required in some occupational settings.”

Responding to a CBC News inquiry about why PHAC’s recommendations have changed, the agency said in an email it was “based on the latest scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 virus variants of concern, increased understanding of the impacts of vaccination and immunity in the population, and new data available on mask types and their effectiveness.”

In addition to the updated online guidance, Dr. Theresa Tam, Canada’s chief public health officer, recently posted a series of tweets illustrating how COVID-19 could spread through the air, using the analogy of second-hand smoke.

Many doctors, scientists and engineers say this shift in messaging reflects a growing body of evidence suggesting that COVID-19 is largely spread through aerosols (tiny particles that can hang in the air), and not just through respiratory droplets (larger particles) transmitted by close contact with an infected person.

In turn, that means it’s important to re-evaluate the masks we’re using, they say.

“This marks a transition in Canada toward a recognition of how important aerosol, airborne-based transmission is in the transmission of this virus,” said Dr. Brooks Fallis, a critical care physician at the Toronto-area William Osler Health System.

Because aerosol particles are smaller and can accumulate in the air over time, Fallis said, the best-performing masks are critical if you’re going to be indoors with other people for a while.

“If you’re just, you know, popping into the grocery store to grab a couple of items, or you’re … walking along a crowded street and you want to wear a mask, then it’s fine [to wear a medical mask],” Fallis said.

“But if you’re in a closed space with lots of people, then we should be upgrading to higher-level masks, like the KN-95 masks or a respirator-type mask, which provides a better fit and better filtration.”

Masks are important even when you’re fully vaccinated, both PHAC and doctors say because although it’s much less likely, infection with the virus that causes COVID-19 — especially the highly transmissible delta variant — can still happen.

Better availability of higher-grade masks

Another important factor that’s changed since the beginning of the pandemic, experts say, is the availability of medical/surgical masks and respirators.

“There was a lot of controversy about N-95 masks because there weren’t enough for the health-care workers. So the message then, quite understandably, was: ‘Save those for the health-care workers and we will use other alternatives,'” said Marianne Levitsky, an industrial hygienist with the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto.

“But things have changed a lot. We now have Canadian manufacturers making N-95-type masks and they’re much more widely available than they used to be,” she said.

Experts agree any mask is better than no mask because it will catch droplets and aerosols coming from the wearer’s nose and mouth and protect others. But there’s growing evidence that a higher-quality mask can also provide some protection for the wearer.

“The masks or respirators, they control in two ways. One, they can prevent an infected person from emitting those infectious aerosols into a space, and they can also protect the person who is wearing them from inhaling them,” said Levitsky.

“Cloth masks were always sort of something that was going to buy us some time as we move toward something better,” said Conor Ruzycki, a Ph.D. candidate in mechanical engineering at the University of Alberta who studies aerosol science and technology.

“Now that we understand this disease better, we know that these small aerosols are playing a bigger role; we should be moving toward … using better mask materials.”

The 3 Fs of choosing a mask

There are three F-words to keep in mind when assessing how well a mask will protect you and others: Fit, filtration and function (also called breathability).

“Fit is essential in terms of how effective filtration happens in a real setting,” said Ravi Selvaganapathy, a professor of biomedical engineering at the Centre of Excellence in Protective Equipment and Materials at McMaster University.

“You can have the best quality material out there, but if it doesn’t fit one’s face, then most of the air goes through these large gaps that exist and not through the filter material.”

The filter material in both medical/surgical masks and N-95 respirators is actually the same — but respirators contour better to a person’s face, said Selvaganapathy.

A “knot and tuck” adjustment can improve the fit of disposable masks — including medical masks, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises.

“Knot the earloops of a three-ply face mask where they join the edge of the mask,” the CDC website says. “[Then] fold and tuck the unneeded material under the edges.”

Cloth masks often offer a good fit and good function (breathability), but how well they filter out virus particles is usually a wild card, experts say, because they’re made of varying materials and aren’t regulated.

“There are no standards. When you buy a cloth mask, it does not usually tell you what the filtration is,” Levitsky said. They can protect anywhere from 20 percent to 80 percent, she said. “So it’s a big unknown.”

Filtration for medical/surgical masks and respirators is graded by the standards organization ASTM International. And some non-cloth, non-medical masks available in stores may look like medical masks — but aren’t, experts say, so it’s important for consumers to check the label.

The ASTM has started a voluntary certification program for non-medical masks, but at this point, there aren’t many certified non-medical masks available.

In an effort to better curb COVID-19 transmission, some countries, like Germany and Austria, have mandated medical-grade masks and respirators instead of cloth masks in public areas.

In many cases, they’ve been distributed for free or subsidized, said Fallis — a move he’d like to see Canada make.

“I think that’s a worthwhile investment because it’s another way to bring cases down [and] to make higher-quality masks a little bit cheaper, particularly to people … [for whom] it’s a financial burden to be purchasing masks,” he said.

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Activate Energy Drink, Lemon Lime

A fresh dose of vitamins hid in the lid. 0 sugar. 5 calories. Naturally sweetened. Energy. Vitamins lose potency sitting in water. Vitamins and other healthy ingredients deteriorate sitting in water. So we keep ours separate in the cap for maximum freshness and potency. Activate. It's hid in the lid. Deterioration of vitamins in water. Vitamin B6 potency. In 30 days, vitamin B6 decreases by 24%. Studies show B vitamins help provide energy to the body. Please recycle; we do. Activate is committed to minimizing its impact on the environment. 100% essential B vitamins. The equivalent of: 8 bananas; 29 apples; 33 cups of blueberries + goji berry + yerba mate. No preservatives. Naturally sweetened with stevia.


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Syria and Lebanon

In the late 1950s, my family went to a film festival in Damascus. We were in Beirut, and I was too young to remember. Difficult to imagine, but Syria and Lebanon were progressive, open and comfortable, made up of diverse Christian communities dating back to the time of Jesus, a thriving Jewish community, Sunni and Shia Muslims, Druze, and many athiests who expressed their beliefs in prose and poetry. We were Lutheran, but it didn’t matter. The area was not religious, and everyone lived on top of everyone else. Very few women wore hajab, though people dressed modestly, except on the beach. There was a relatively free press and free discourse. Poets and writers flourished. There was no real border between Syria and Lebanon—borders were a European invention, which upset the world much more than it helped. The Lebanese and Syrian governments spent very little on their military. I believe Lebanon had the most representatives at the convention for the United Nations in San Francisco.

I know I’m painting too rosy a picture, but the area had neither Europe’s destruction from WWII nor the hatred and militancy that brought it about. The Arab world in general had no anti-Jewish hatred. Just the opposite: Jews took refuge in Islamic countries during the many periods of European Christian malice.

What went wrong? It seems like the region has been spiraling down inexorably into war, sectarian hatred, and economic hardship. How did they end up with a repressive dictatorship commanding Syria and a long civil war in Lebanon.

I’m not going to attempt to answer this question in a short phrase because the answer involves the changing world, the increase population, the creation of Palestinian refugees, and the intervention of so many other countries. I do know that weapons is a central reason for decline. It’s similar to a depressed person having a gun in his house. It increased many fold the chance of suicide. Also, climate change played a part in the recent brutal Syrian civil war as the area became more arid and led to economic problems which the dictatorship did not handle.

It is so crazy that a country, which can’t really afford the luxuries of life, has an array of very expensive weapons. I can’t list one weapon that has made life better for anyone in Syria or Lebanon. None of these weapons are made locally, so those that sell them on the backs of the farmers and storekeepers pocket the money. Weapons come from the US, Russia, and Europe. Are they guilty of an unspoken crime?

If my hypothesis of various groups living in harmony is at least partly accurate, how did the divisions open up and become explosive? And if it can happen in Syria, can it happen in other countries that are currently stable and liberal?

5 Comment

  1. George Talant says: Reply

    What you’re saying, Kameel, is important because you are asking why. I believe that meddling from foreign powers brought about the negative changes in the Middle East, but the obvious question is why the Arab world allowed them to meddle. Why did Europe and the US become so powerful and the developing world so weak as to allow intervention–political, financial, and military–from thousands of miles away.
    I was in Lebanon before their civil war, and I loved the place. The people were friendly and personable.

  2. Jaime O'Connor says: Reply

    When I was a kid, Lebanon was thought to be the Switzerland of the Middle East. I think it’s really interesting your assertion the climate change had a hand in the Syrian Civil War. That would have never occurred to me. More so, the rapid increase in population, which ruins a country’s economic growth.

  3. Jared, Rhode Island says: Reply

    I wonder how much religion plays a role in all this. People seem to divide themselves up according to what they believe, which I don’t think is helpful. I believe that parts of the Islamic world are repressed by religion, probably less so in Lebanon and what used to be Syria. I am very sorry for all the

  4. George Protasian says: Reply

    It’s the big powers, first England and France, and then the USA that have invaded the Middle East and made it unstable, and not just Syria and Lebanon, but all the countries in the region. Let’s not forget the French in Algeria. Even before the US invasion of Iraq, the British were there and put down a revolt with brutal force. Let’s not forget that the US an UK overthrew the democratic government of Iran in 1953. Or the Italians in Libya.

  5. Judy Rush says: Reply

    I mourn for Syria and it’s people

Leave a Reply to Jared, Rhode Island Cancel reply


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poster presentation

Poster submission guidelines
link to the abstract sumbission form in the registration confirmation email

Our brain is plastic CuttingEEG too!

This year CuttingEEG starts a new framework for poster submission to open new perspectives for participants and encourage open-science. Note: poster boards are portrait oriented (137x90cm).

Depending on the progression stage of your work you can choose to register your abstract in one of three categories:

At the time of submission your study is planned (protocol, projected analyses…) and you may refine it for the conference but not yet implement it.

At the time of submission the data has been collected and you may partially/fully analyze the data by the time of the conference.

At the time of the submission the data are partially/fully analyzed and will be fully analyzed at the time of the conference.

Why having different poster categories? (in practice)

 There are two main reasons why scientists may present a poster at a conference:

  • One is to showcase their most recent findings faster, before (or meanwhile) going through the process of publication in a peer reviewed journal (which is sometimes a long process).
  • The other, and perhaps the most common, is to get feedback from the community, and receive informal advice from other experts working in closely related areas while still working on the data.

Yet, most submission guidelines for neuroscience conferences require only finalized works to be presented. Hence the instructions of the 2020 annual meeting of the Organisation of Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) state: “the abstract should describe only work (experiments and analysis) that has already been completed, not work that is planned for the interval between abstract submission and the conference” (2020 Annual meeting of OHBM, alike in the previous years and as mentionned by Tibon et al. 2018). These guidelines favor promoting already finalized, almost ready-to-publish results, and may not allow constructive feedback when it is most needed, that is when planning, and performing a study.

Elaborating on the suggestion of Tibon et al. 2018, (see also her amazing talk on PreReg posters at LiveMEEG2020) this year CuttingEEG offers three types of poster submissions: Planned study, Collected data, and Analyzed data.

If you are interested to know how the different abstract types contribute differently to progress in research see here

This year, with the three poster types, Cutting-EEG will promote a crucial distinction between the two modes of research: Planned study (i) corresponds to the prediction mode, while Collected data (ii) and Analyzed data (iii) conform with the postdiction mode.
Pragmatically, by distinguishing openly prediction from postdiction, this approach favors good practices and science credibility. That is, investigation that is planned before observing the data to test a hypothesis (data-independent analysis); from investigation that is carried out to explore an existing dataset in order to generate new questions (data-contingent analysis). Such central distinction helps to avoid common cognitive biases in human reasoning such as post-hoc theorizing (Kerr et al. 1998) or circular reasoning (Kriegeskorte et al. 2009).

How and When?

 Depending on the type of abstract you decide to submit, the submission form will contain different sections, some that you have to complete before the registration deadline and some that you may modify up to two weeks before the conference.

I) At the time of submission

For all abstract types you will complete the rationale section (mandatory). In this main section, you describe the theoretical background (including motivation and predictions), and a brief description of both the experimental methods and the analysis that was/will be used. This section is mandatory for all abstract types and cannot be revised once the submission deadline has passed.

In addition to the rationale section you will be able to provide detailed material and methods (optional for submission)

In addition to the rationale and Material & Method sections, you will be able to provide some preliminary results (optional for submission).

In addition to the rationale and Material & Method sections, you will have to further provide some results in the submission form (mandatory for submission).

The review process will take into account the different abstract types as it will be based only on their respective mandatory fields.

II) After the submission deadline

You will be able to document and/or update the auxiliary section(s) before the conference. Optional section(s) at the time of submission become mandatory to finalize your abstract for the conference.

You will complement your submission with a detailed material and methods section (i.e. experimental paradigm, number of subjects, analyses that will be pursued, statistical approach and corresponding statistical power…); meant as a preparation for a preregistration that could easily be uploaded on the OSF registry. Yet, until this report is submitted, the status of your abstract is “accepted pending preregistration report submission”.

You will have to provide and discuss some results. Yet, until this completion is submitted, the status of your abstract is “accepted pending results submission”.

You will be able to revise and finalize your results and conclusions from the initial submission.

Which type of poster submission is the right one for me?

Scenario 1: We have a plan!

      You and your team are planning to test a new hypothesis based on your model/theory. This is the ideal case for submitting a Planned study (i). Upon submission, or after receiving expert feed-backs at CuttingEEG, you can decide to preregister your abstract for instance at OSF or in a journal as preregistered publication (then your planned study will be assigned a permanent identifier (doi) that will be citable).

Scenario 2: Cross-validation with open data

      You are planning to use a dataset available in open access. While the data are already acquired, this situation is still suitable for a Planned study (i). You can apply a cross validation approach where the data is blindly split in two parts. While one part is used for exploratory analysis to develop the model(s) and the prediction(s); the other part is sealed until exploration is complete (data  holdout). In this scenario, the preregistration is based on the outcomes of  the exploratory phase, and the sealed part of the data is next unsealed to test the hypothesis as defined in the preregistration. As long as the two parts of the data are kept independent, this procedure permits to follow a full circle: from postdiction to prediction.

Scenario 3: The experiment is running

      You already defined your study’ hypothesis, the experimental design and you eventually started piloting. Or, you already began the recording and you have been conducting some analysis. This is an ideal case for submitting Collected data (ii). During the period between the registration and the conference you will have the opportunity to update your abstract such that it really reflects the stage of your work. Once at the conference, the CuttingEEG community will have access to an up-to-date abstract and will be able to provide you with thoughtful feed-back.

Scenario 4: Digging an old dataset further

      You are planning to further analyze a dataset which already led to publication(s) from your lab or from collaborators. For instance, you would like to explore some aspect(s) of the data that were not considered in the original prediction plan, and/or you would like to apply new methods of analysis. This is a great opportunity to submit a Collected data (ii). By updating you registered submission you will ensure that at the time of the conference the CuttingEEG community will be the most helpful for you.

Scenario 5: Almost there but I need advice

      You conducted a study and the analysis stage is almost complete. You are willing to receive general feed-back on your study. Your work fits perfectly with an Analyzed data (iii). At the time of the registration you will provide the results you got so far, and you will be able to complete them before the conference.

Scenario 6: Exciting new results about to get published

      Your study is achieved and you are finalizing a manuscript. By the time of the conference you are hoping to have your work under review or even accepted for publication. This is a typical scenario for registering an Analyzed data (iii). It will be a great opportunity to present and disseminate your research to the community.

How much work does this new abstract submission framework imply?

 Actually not much additional work will be required from you! The new framework for submission is more flexible and less stressful than classical submission. What’s more, it contributes to foster good practices in science.

You are already familiar with many aspects of a planned study  because it actually is a common research practice. For instance, thesis proposals for students often require comprehensive design and analysis plans that can prefigure a Planned study abstract. Also, before conducting research in human or animals, most submission for ethics review must contain a great deal of research methodology and the study rationale. Then it is only a few additional steps to incorporate analysis plans to achieve an effective Planned study abstract. Last, many grant applications require to introduce the theoretical background, the study prediction and to specify the proposed methodology, the design and analysis plans in great detail. In each of these cases, you already have a detailed premise that needs only a few formatting-editing before being submitted as a Planned study. A simple example guideline for submission may be found on the website.

As compared to classical submission form, this type of submission offers the strong advantage to really reflect the stage of your work. At the registration date you know the outline of your poster, but you are not certain to present the results you got so far. That is not a problem you can draft a preliminary result section that you will update before the conference. This is less stressful for you and makes conference abstracts much accurate.


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The Anatomy of a Dimitri Rotov Review

Dimitri hasn’t posted much in recent months, but yesterday he shared a review of Sam Hood’s new biography of John Bell Hood. I haven’t read the book nor do I plan on doing so. Let me be clear that this brief comment is not about the merits of Sam Hood’s new biography, but about Rotov’s evaluation of it. In that regard I have to say that I am deeply disappointed.  This is the same guy who over the years has gone to great lengths to knock down some of the most popular Civil War historians such as Gary Gallagher, Stephen Sears, James McPherson, and Joe Glatthaar and others that he has dubbed the “Centennial School.”  Rotov typically provides specific examples (even footnotes) from the texts he critiques and in the case of McPherson he even attempted to demonstrate instances of plagiarism. He is hard hitting and unapologetic.  That said, please don’t mistake this for a tacit agreement with his conclusions. I share this to highlight my disappointment with his most recent review.

Consider the following:

The demolition of Wiley Sword and his ilk is awe-inspiring and I hope it puts the fear of God into that great careless pack of out-of-control nonfiction writers who dominate best-seller lists. They will be held to account somewhere, sometime.

Speaking of which, I am partial to Sam Hood and this work for reasons obvious to those who have read me over time. In 1997, I began compiling and publishing examinations of the claims made against McClellan. My motivation was rage. Having binged on ACW pop history 1994-1997 after 30 years of reading good European history, I found ACW standards so primitive, so insulting, so outlandish as to require outrage.

I have been dwelling on the broader points here without adequately conveying how much excitement there is in author Hood’s specific takedowns of weak claims and garbage citations. I don’t know how Hood authors will be able to appear in public after this (but perhaps I underestimate the shamelessness of Civil War authors). If you enjoy the pointed historiographic criticism appearing occasionally in this blog, this book is for you. Here General Hood has been done a service as has ACW history.

At no point does Rotov offer any substantive critique of the book’s interpretation. No examples of how the author challenges prevailing thought are given. Nor does Rotov give us any indication of the picture of Hood that emerges as a result of this supposedly important new biography. Make no mistake, I don’t care whether he likes the book or not. What I find appalling is the blatant double-standard at work here. And what I find even more interesting is that this is almost always the case when it comes to books published by Savas Beatie.

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37 comments… add one
  • David Mar 17, 2017 @ 22:15

    Golly. What “double standard”? “If every book review isn’t as good [by the reader’s standards] as every other book review a reviewer has written, then that reviewer is a hypocrite”? This post is witless. I am disappointed. Very. Very very disappointed.

    • Kevin Levin Mar 18, 2017 @ 1:54

      So sorry to disappoint you. I will try to do better in the future.

      • Sam Hood Mar 18, 2017 @ 7:05

        Gentlemen. Not that it necessarily matters in all comments and responses, but what is lost in discussions about my book is that it is NOT a biography of Gen. Hood, nor was it ever intended to be. It is a study of the historiography and past literature on Gen. Hood, not so much about Hood himself. Thanks.

        • Kevin Levin Mar 18, 2017 @ 7:25

          Appreciate the comment, but I have no interest in rehashing any of this.

          • Sam Hood Mar 18, 2017 @ 7:29

            Nor do I (or will I) Kevin. I simply want folks to know that if they read my book, not to expect a biography. I’ve had a few comments posted on Amazon saying that it wasn’t a very good biography. I agree because it isn’t a biography. Thanks again.

  • William Jul 16, 2013 @ 11:23

    Kevin it is time for you to remove the Blinders. Why is it you refuse to read the book ?

    • Kevin Levin Jul 16, 2013 @ 11:27

      Right now I just don’t have the time and I’ve got a large backlog of books waiting in the wings. Thanks for your concern.

  • Dale Fishel Jul 9, 2013 @ 18:31

    I saw that – but would hope you’d take the next step and see for yourself. I’d love to see your appraisal of Sam’s in depth research and findings!

  • Dale Fishel Jul 9, 2013 @ 18:21

    I found it fascinating that such an interesting exchange could begin with an admission by the host that he has no interest or plan to read the book featured in Mr. Rotov’s review. I highly encourage Mr. Levin to do so; I expect his subsequent response might be even more fascinating and inspiring for future comment. And, for Mr. Evans, Sam Hood’s book is in no way an attempt to portray General John Bell Hood as THE military genius of history. To the contrary Sam has simply examined the baseless allegations posed by some authors to paint him as an incompetent, lovelorn monster (among other unflattering things). The truth is he was a typical general of that tragic time struggling against terrific odds who experienced successes and failures; much the same as his peers on either side of the conflict. Sam has successfully challenged the way modern authors have ignored original sources and allowed theory, opinion and outright fabrication to creep into their publications posing as history. Some of these works make good historical novels. I highly recommend that you read this book!

    • Kevin Levin Jul 9, 2013 @ 18:24

      As I stated in the post, my concern had nothing to do with the content of the book, but with Dimitri’s claim to having reviewed it.

  • Brad Jul 6, 2013 @ 12:22

    I see that Dmitri doesn’t care for Guelzo’s Gettysburg although as he admits at the end of his article that he hasn’t read the book. His article is “a reaction to its public effects,” as he says. Huh? Well, not enough pro McClellan references I suppose. At least he’s consistent: he seems to dislike all of Guelzo’s work.

  • Sam Hood Jul 6, 2013 @ 7:27

    Google Alerts led me to this discussion, which seems to really be more about Dimitri, Kevin Levin, and Ted Savas. I have never personally met any of the three. I’ll jump in here even though Kevin has already stated that JB Hood isn’t one of his interests, and I infer that Kevin has no personal affinity for me…although I may be wrong.

    That said, first, my name is Stephen Matthew Hood, and I am a distant relative of JB Hood. Second cousin I think, several times removed. I was given the nickname Sam as a baby in 1952 and some of my closest friends don’t know who Stephen Hood is. I felt compelled to author the book as Stephen rather than Sam because, simply by coincidence, JB Hood’s nickname was also Sam and it would have been too confusing.

    Kevin refers to my book as a biography. It is not remotely akin to a biography, except for an opening chapter that gives a biographical sketch of the general for the benefit of the rare reader of my book who doesn’t know JB Hood.

    My book is not so much about JB Hood, rather, it is about the historiography and literature of Hood that has shaped his current reputation. What I did was conduct what I called “forensic historiography,” painstakingly taking all the common truisms about Hood, and backtracking the sources. What I found was that in many cases the “facts” we accept about Hood have zero primary source evidence, and in most cases the primary source–where there is one–has little or no relationship to what authors have interpreted and portrayed. I simply take what writers like Sword, Horn, Connelly, McDonough, and others have written, provide the excerpts to the reader, and then present the primary source (when there is one) and give it verbatim to the reader.

    The results are astounding, and should be of interest to any history buff who admires his heroes or loathes his villains. It may very well be that both the heroes and villains are neither.

    Last summer I discovered Hood’s long-lost personal papers and had to rewrite several chapters of my book. Readers will now see proof that Hood was being written to by Richmond authorities after joining Johnston’s Army of Tennessee, and his “poison pen letters” were simply replies to direct inquiries. Readers will see two witnesses who identify Frank Cheatham as having intentionally disobeyed Hood’s orders at Spring Hill, allowing Schofield to escape. Readers will see that AP Stewart revealed that Pat Cleburne’s reckless death at Franklin was not due to anger at Hood, but Cleburne was in effect committing “suicide by Yankee” because he too disobeyed Hood’s orders the night before and felt personally responsible for the Yankee escape. These are not my interpretations, but observations in handwritten letters from Confederate generals and other officers found in Hood’s papers.

    I am disappointed that Kevin has no interest in reading my book, but I understand. If I am not interested in a subject or character, I won’t read even an excerpt about it.

    I am not in this for fame nor fortune. My intent is to clear the air about a defenseless dead man. If anyone cannot afford a book I will give them one.

    Sam Hood

    • Kevin Levin Jul 6, 2013 @ 12:51

      Thanks for taking the time to comment. It would be more accurate to say that I don’t have the time right now to read it. Perhaps at some point. In the meantime perhaps you can share with us an example that highlights the methodology employed in your book.

  • Dimitri Rotov Jul 5, 2013 @ 17:46

    I don’t think these observations are unfair. Kevin has been with me for a long time and is used to a longer review with juicy details. The Hood review was skimpy for a couple of reasons:

    (a) I notice that in an age of twitter my longer posts with much detail get the worst numbers and I have been trying to go shorter. Breaking long posts into continuations also sees a significant decline of readership for each part. Readers avoid the lengthy posts.
    (b) After a long break from blogging I still need to get my energy up before I can attempt complex, longer posts. The rambling in this response testifies to that.
    But perhaps the issue should be to focus on the quality readers and give the full treatment each time “irregardless ” of eyeballs captured.

    My next Savas-Beatie review will be Varney’s book on the Grant-Rosecrans divide and I will keep Kevin’s comments in mind for that one.

    Now I should say that a critic can have no greater love for a publisher’s sensibility and output than I have for Savas Beatie’s. There is no question that I will give S-B a benefit of the doubt where I can. That house practically embodies a remedy for so many of the complaints I brought into this field and they are worth close attention and encouragement. That said, please do not discount my reviews on that basis but on whether or not I make my case. Here, Kevin says the case is not made without specific examples.Good enough. The Hood book and the Varney book are very exciting for me. They are like pages ripped from my own blog. If I don’t convey that and the review appears like a lukewarm favor for a pal, then the review has failed.

    I had dinner with Ted a few years ago and we spoke on the phone twice over the years. He is a Great Publisher and I told him so. The late Cap Beatie was a Great Researcher and I am proud to have blurbed him. But Savas Beatie publishes many specific items that do not interest me or which I am not competent to review. I leave those alone or simply acknowledge their release. If I post a review of an S-B work, I see merit in it or (in some cases demerit) in the specific work.

    Complaints are okay, esp. from longtime readers.

    p.s. Stephen Hood goes by the name “Sam,” which I should have mentioned.

    p.p.s. Reading between the lines of Kevin’s comments and based on previous remarks he made I think he feels that when he sees a name brand Wiley Sword type of author put down he needs more of a case made than just the denigration.

    – DR

    • Kevin Levin Jul 5, 2013 @ 19:40

      I appreciate you taking the time to comment on this post. It’s also nice to see you blogging again.

      • Dimitri Rotov Jul 6, 2013 @ 9:10

        Thanks Kevin. I often think of your meme *the Civil War as entertainment.*

  • Nathan Towne Jul 1, 2013 @ 12:52

    I am sorry to hear that you won’t be getting a copy of this book. I have been looking forward to the book for quite awhile, although I do understand and sympathize with your reservations over the blurb that you commented on back in February.

    In fact, this is one of four books that I have mentally jotted down as “must-reads” for myself before the summer is out that I haven’t read yet.

    Anyways, if you would like, I can run down for you Sam Hood’s approach in the book after I read it and give you the lowdown of how good it is (or isn’t) after I read it?

    Nathan Towne

    • Kevin Levin Jul 1, 2013 @ 13:12

      I am not that interested in Hood. I recently read my friend Brian Craig Miller’s recent study of Hood, but that will pretty much do it for me.

      • Nathan Towne Jul 1, 2013 @ 13:34

        OK. Richard McMurray’s biography from 1983 remains the best study of Hood to date, although it is slim and Miller deals more with Hood’s postwar years. I took Miller’s study out from the library several years ago and it has value, but to be honest I didn’t feel as though it added much. Furthermore, Miller carries his study of Hood beyond the historical record in places, especially with regards to gender and the influence of gender on Hood’s life. He also didn’t ccover some things that it is really strange he wouldn’t cover and missed some information that would have benefitted his book. Overall, it is worth reading though. David Coffey’s study (1998) is utterly worthless.

        Nathan Towne

        • Chris Evans Jul 1, 2013 @ 14:59

          Even with its age I think Dyer’s book from 1950 is still worth reading on Hood.

          Dyer’s Fighting Joe Wheeler is still a excellent look at that officer also.

          • Nathan Towne Jul 2, 2013 @ 5:23

            Dyer’s “The Gallant Hood” from 1950 is certainly worth a look, but as a study only goes so far. There was a lot of ground that he left uncovered. I hate to be mean to Coffey and to his book (1998), but I didn’t find it illuminating at all. McMurry (1983) is certainly the best study available, not including Sam Hood yet of course.

            As for Joseph Wheeler, there are four biographies of him that I am familiar with. “Campaigns of Wheeler and His Cavalry,” by W.C. Dodson from 1899, “General Joseph Wheeler and the Army of Tennessee,” by John Witherspoon Dubose from 1912 and Dyer (1941) and Longacre’s (2007) studies. Of these Dyer and Longacre are both worth reading as is Longacre’s study of the armies cavalry from 2009. Interestingly, there are some striking differences between his 2007 and 2009 studies with regards to Wheeler.

            I am not familiar with this book. Maybe you are?

            If you aren’t I am sure Dave Powell will be.

            Nathan Towne

  • William Houston Jun 30, 2013 @ 9:37

    I noticed the same thing about Dimitri’s review but assumed that he was reluctant to get into specifics, or perhaps was even asked not to do so, because the book hasn’t been released yet. Dimitri must be working from a review copy. Likewise, I’ve noticed that Mr. Hood himself has been somewhat reluctant to discuss specifics of his forthcoming book in various online forums. Let’s wait for the book to form a judgment. I have it pre-ordered from Amazon.

    • Kevin Levin Jun 30, 2013 @ 9:54

      Like I said, I am not really interested in the content of the book. I am simply pointing out what I think is a clear inconsistency in the way Dimitri evaluates books. Whether I agree with his reviews or not, he almost always provides examples to back up his points. In this review we get little more than a comparison with his project to rehabilitate McClellan, which has no direct bearing on the book in question.

  • Bryan Cheeseboro Jun 30, 2013 @ 1:48

    Hi Kevin,
    The book review of the John Bell Hood book says the author’s name is Stephen Hood but you refer to him in your post as “Sam” (which, BTW, was one of J B Hood’s nicknames from his West Point days and during the war). Not sure if you made a mistake or if Stephen Hood goes by the same nickname.

    • Kevin Levin Jun 30, 2013 @ 2:15

  • John Maass Jun 29, 2013 @ 19:51

    Chris…. amen!!

  • Chris Evans Jun 29, 2013 @ 12:38

    I wish that we could just enjoy the plethora of books on the Civil War and how lucky we are to have them instead of always being mad at a historian for McClellan being bashed or Hood being bashed. I don’t think many Civil War readers are worried about putting the fear of God into Wiley Sword.

    I don’t think all of the Generals have to be heroes or heels. I don’t think it takes us anywhere for us all of sudden to go, “My God, I was mistaken Hood was THE military genius of American History.”

    I don’t like all of the bashing of historians just because they don’t always agree on a point.

    Sorry for the ramble,

  • Lyle Smith Jun 29, 2013 @ 8:55

    Kevin, I think you should plan on reading the book. You criticized a blurb about the book a few months ago, and there is only one way to find out if the blurb doesn’t match with the substance of the book… by reading it.

    I’d also like to know what you’re getting at with your last sentence. Are you insinuating something about Mr. Rotov or the publisher Savas Beatie, or both? And what are you insinuating?

    I look forward to buying this book and reading it. It looks totally fascinating if there is substance to it.

    • Kevin Levin Jun 29, 2013 @ 9:14

      I critiqued the blurb as a blurb and nothing more.

      I am not insinuating anything with that last sentence. Again, I find it interesting that Dimitri seems to give Savas books a pass. It’s nothing more than a descriptive claim.

      • Peter Jun 30, 2013 @ 6:22

        I’m not sure it’s an accurate “descriptive claim,” Kevin. Dmitri was quite critical of the Savas Beatie book he mentioned before this one (Jordan’s _Bloody Sabbath_). Other than that, he hasn’t really done anything but mention the Wittenberg and Petruzzi Gettysburg titles and praise Cap Beatie’s Army of the Potomac series (which he started while Da Capo was publishing it).

        • Kevin Levin Jun 30, 2013 @ 7:28

          You are probably right.

      • Ted Savas Jul 5, 2013 @ 10:57

        I think your last sentence is really problematic. And Rotov gives our books a pass? I know he likes what we do generally because few other publishers do what what do. But you are implying that there is some incestuous relationship and frankly that sickens me.

        • Kevin Levin Jul 5, 2013 @ 11:52

          Nothing could be further from the truth. I was simply making a descriptive claim that one reader has already challenged.

          • Ted Savas Jul 5, 2013 @ 11:53

            Well I certainly read it that way. And I know how to read.

            • Kevin Levin Jul 5, 2013 @ 12:01

              I make no assumption about any kind of relationship between the two of you. I apologize if that is how it comes off.

              • Ted Savas Jul 5, 2013 @ 14:38

                Thank you for saying so.

                In case anyone is wondering, I have met Dimitri precisely once. (I think we had a sandwich somewhere four or five years ago.) We send him the same books we send to other reviewers, first galleys and then the final product. He has told me (via email) that he enjoys our publishing program because we do many books other publishers traditionally do not do, or do not so so well (i.,e., editing, notes, maps, organization,etc.) He is especially enamored by Beatie’s Army of the Potomac Series because the author has constructed his narrative from the bottom up and has ignored secondary sources and conclusions in doing so. He has also given us negative and mixed reviews, though overall his reviews have been positive.

                Dimitri is a contrarian–which is very beneficial in any discipline. He has long reminded me of the slave holding the wreath over a Roman emperor’s head on the chariot while whispering in his ear during a grand Triumph, ” You are only mortal”–or words to that effect. I for one appreciate his perspective–whether I agree or disagree. It is always fresh and beyond the bounds of the herd. Since I have never run with the herd, I can appreciate that, too.

  • Will Hickox Jun 29, 2013 @ 8:29

    Read any interview with a respected Civil War historian and you’ll see that their motivation in what they do is “rage.” That is always a sure sign of dispassionate, evidence-based historical work.

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History of Cardboard Boxes: When Were Cardboard Boxes Invented?

We take them for granted, but shipping operations would not be the same without the invention of cardboard boxes - how long do you think they have they been around?

When Was the Cardboard Box Invented?
The cardboard Gift Box was invented all the way back in 1817 in England. The box was simple paperboard and was not corrugated, but it was a box (Kellogg Cereals helped popularize this box in the mid-1800s)!

There have been many incarnations of the cardboard box along the way though, which we will highlight next in the evolution of the cardboard box section.

How Has the Cardboard Box Evolved?

Corrugated paper was patented in 1856, but used as a liner in hats for the beginning of its existence.

It was not until 1871 that the corrugated cardboard Cosmetic Box came into existence as a means of shipping and handling materials. It only took three years for the first machine to produce large quantities of corrugated board to come into being, creating the corrugated cardboard box we all know and love today. 1890 brought about another huge innovation in cardboard boxes, as pre-cut single pieces of board that could be folded into boxes were invented. By 1895, corrugated cardboard boxes jumped shores and began being produced in America for the first time.

What Came Before the Cardboard Box?
Wooden crates were the predominant means for moving materials prior to the invention of the Round Gift Box. Those wooden crates were (and still are) pretty expensive and hard to replicate on a grand scale though.

How Are Cardboard Boxes Made?
We could explain how cardboard Lip Balm Tube Boxes are made, but would not you rather watch them get made?

The Science Channel is here to help us all with their fantastic “How It’s Made” series. Watch their video above to learn about how cardboard boxes are made!

Why Do We Need Cardboard Boxes?
Cardboard Corrugated Boxes remain one of the simplest ways to move things from one place to another.

Whether it is a case of juice boxes or you are moving from one house to another, cardboard boxes help collect numerous amounts of things into one confined space for easy handling.

Paper Bags have been part of trade and commerce for more than centuries. Traditionally cloth and jute bags were used to pack goods in larger quantities during its transfer from manufacturer or farms to retailers and shopkeepers then used the paper bags to distribute smaller quantity goods to end customers. In fact, paper bags are still used by small food retailers like – sweetshop owners, street food vendors, bakers and by small vegetable sellers.

On the other hand, a paper bag’s structural firmness and surface feature made it ideal to print high-quality images, logo, designs better as compared to a plastic bag, and that made paper bags a hit for fashion, luxury and premium gift packaging industry.

With the right apps, a smartphone can do almost anything, but it is also useful to occasionally ditch your phone in favor of a trusty Notebook.

Switching from relying on your phone in every aspect of your life to using a physical notebook can be beneficial for more than just your handwriting. You can not check social networks on your notebook, for one. Committing to using a notebook for certain aspects of your life—say, your to-do list—can help wean you from your smartphone addiction. Overusing your phone can lead to sleep issues, anxiety, decreased productivity, and other issues, and experts recommend putting away your phone periodically during the day to break the cycle of checking and rechecking your notifications every few minutes.

Benefits of Using Sticky Notes

Sticky Notes are cost-effective and easy to use. Their design makes them great for highlighting important information as it contrasts against standard documents and books.

A study conducted by Randy Garner at Sam Houston State University which was noted in the Harvard Business Review found that sticky notes were a persuasive instrument in getting people to comply with a request. This was owed to the fact that adding a sticky note with a handwritten message on a file added a personal touch which people responded well to.

That e-books have surged in popularity in recent years is not news, but where they are headed – and what effect this will ultimately have on the printed word – is unknown. Are printed Books destined to eventually join the ranks of clay tablets, scrolls and typewritten pages, to be displayed in collectors’ glass cases with other curious items of the distant past?

And if all of this is so, should we be concerned?

Answers to these questions do not come easily, thanks to the variability in both e-reading trends and in research findings on the effects (or lack thereof) that digital reading has on us. What we do know, according to a survey conducted last year by Pew Research, is that half of American adults now own a tablet or e-reader, and that three in 10 read an e-book in 2013. Although printed books remain the most popular means of reading, over the past decade e-books have made a valiant effort at catching up.
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Charities and Associations

A new year with the Rotary Club of Kyrenia Cosmopolitan

By Chris Elliott……

At we have always tried very hard to help people and organisations by publishing news and reviews about their activities and also working with them in the development of projects.

Having been aware of Rotary International and written about a number of Northern Cyprus Rotary Clubs and their events in the past, I was delighted to be invited to consider joining a new club that was being formed and this is the Rotary Club of Kyrenia Cosmopolitan so I went along to a meeting to meet other prospective members and learn more about it during November of last year and after formal application to form the new club Rotary Club of Kyrenia Cosmopolitan received confirmation of its Charter from Rotary International on the 3rd of January 2017.

The Rotary Club of Kyrenia Cosmopolitan is the only English language club in North Cyprus and  is an International collection of friendly Rotarians formed to malcolm-mitchesonassist the local Kyrenia area and holds meeting on the 2nd and 4th Saturday of each month at 2.30 pm at the Merit Park Hotel, Karaoğlanoğlu and more can be learned about them on their website click here or Facebook page click here.

The Rotary Club of Kyrenia Cosmopolitan Chairman, Malcolm Mitcheson, said “we are delighted we  have now become part of Rotary International which has a 112 year tradition of helping local communities help themselves, and of working together to achieve major international projects.

We are keen on developing a truly Cosmopolitan character and already draw members from Cyprus, UK, Holland and Turkey and welcome new members from all nationalities who have a conversational knowledge of English. Our common aim is Community Service and good fellowship between members.

Joining Rotary means being part of a community of 1.2 million members in over 35,000 clubs worldwide”.  To read more about Rotary International please click here .

For those local readers who would like to come along and support the new Rotary Club of Kyrenia Cosmopolitan and meet some of the club members, they will be holding their first event of 2017 on Sunday 22nd January at Jessics Bar & Restaurant in Karşiyaka from 1.00pm where they will be holding a fund raising auction and details are shown below.


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Monday, October 17, 2005

Nation-Building? A Sometimes Thing, at Best

Via Southern Appeal, this interesting little tidbit:

The results of applying these principles to the political outcomes in the 51 cases of intervention are shown in the following table. Overall, the results indicate that military intervention succeeded in leaving behind democracies in 14 cases—27 percent of the time. The conclusion, then, is that nation building by force is generally unsuccessful. A president who went around the world invading countries to make them democratic would fail most of the time. One group of countries that seem especially resistant to democracy-building efforts are the Arab lands. There have been are nine interventions in Arab countries in the past century. In no case did stable democracy follow the military occupation. (James Payne)

The article is not too long, and includes a reasonable set of premises. Hey--the President's right about Church Lady Miers, right? How could he be wrong in emulating the High Priest of Globaloney, Woodrow Wilson??

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Riddims in Bahia with MiniStereo Público Sistema de Som

How the Salvador soundsystem is spreading the gospel of reggae and dancehall in Brazil

Paola Alfamor

Brazil has a highly developed soundsystem culture – a homegrown version of the trendsetting soundsystems that have been rocking Kingston since the 1950s, becoming testing grounds for the newest music and riddims, and battlegrounds for MCs and selectors. But the Brazilian soundsystems vary from region to region, breaking from the reggae and dancehall format to typically focus on popular local genres. In Rio de Janeiro, for example, the most sought-after soundsystems focus on funk carioca and its many variations, while depending on where you’re standing in Northern Brazil, you can easily find tecnobrega, axé, bass or samba reggae pumping through massive walls of speakers lined up during weekend street parties.

Reggae soundsystems are surprisingly sparse, though, the most visible ones coming from São Luís, a small coastal city in the state of Maranhão that is consistently referenced as the Jamaica Brasileira. In a 2012 article for RBMA Daily, Jamaican music historian David Katz described how, starting in the mid-1980s, reggae became a significant part of the lives and identities of the people of São Luís, defying racial and class divides to form the backbone of the city’s cultural patrimony. But reggae’s all encompassing presence pretty much stops in São Luís, and nobody can pinpoint exactly why it hasn’t gained more widespread recognition across the country. Some, like selector DJ Raíz, theorize that it has to do with racial and class divides.

“The truth is that there is an institutionalized racism throughout Brazilian society, specifically within those people that have a lot of purchasing power,” Raíz explains in a phone call from Salvador, the state capital of Bahia. “For example, in axé music or in Brazilian samba, if you can count with your hand more than five black singers, you’re lucky. The biggest names in samba or axé music are white singers. Reggae is a Jamaican thing, a black thing, so we’ve reached an impasse. The reggae bands that have the biggest platforms all have white artists. You get what I’m saying? The media doesn’t have an interest in giving a platform to reggae music, but there’s a huge audience for it.”

The catalyst that transformed MiniStereo Público was less about external influences and more about their general affinity for the sonic possibilities afforded by dancehall.

Despite the media’s resistance, however, there’s local hunger for spaces that cater to reggae music. The deep roots reggae has put down all over the North and Northeastern Brazilian states has slowly led artists and record collectors to find ways to expose the style, and its Brazilian iterations like samba reggae, to wider audiences within their communities. DJ Raíz is part of one of those efforts. More than a thousand miles away from the Jamaica Brasileira, he works as one of the selectors for the only soundsystem in Salvador, focusing on spreading the gospel of dancehall and reggae in the bairros of the coastal city. MiniStereo Público Sistema de Som has been running for more than a decade, and has been slowly inspiring a sonic revolution that not only puts the culture and music of Afro-Brazilian communities in Bahia front and center, but also provides a model of representation and action for the disadvantaged youth of Salvador.

Paola Alfamor

MiniStereo Público began between 2004 and 2005, when a group of friends and music aficionados in Salvador got together wanting to show off their vinyl collections – full of not only Jamaican reggae classics, but also hip-hop, funk and Brazilian popular music (MPB). They wanted to play some tunes in public, and the traditional Día de Lemanjá festivities, held every year on February 2nd in the city’s Río Vermelho neighborhood, provided the perfect setting. While the festivities have religious origins, the rituals now lead to massive street parties. “People from all over the world show up to that neighborhood to party at midnight,” DJ Raíz says. “At 5 AM there are fireworks, and then we start the tributes to [the Yoruban deity] Lemanjá at sea. There are so many people in the neighborhood during the whole day. In 2005, the guys decided they would play. They wanted to play their records and songs on the streets. They had some struggles, but they finally got a soundsystem and did the party anyway. They played everything! That’s how MiniStéreo Público started – friends who collected records and wanted to play music for the people.”

“At the beginning, we didn’t really think of the soundsystem as a culture,” says DJ Pureza, one of the founding members of MiniStereo Público. “For us, it was simply just having the will to show off our record collections, to enjoy ourselves and to start a block party where we could mix our traditional music (samba, samba-reggae, forró) with black music, soul, hip-hop and reggae. Over time, and thanks to our ongoing research, we discovered the soundsystems in Maranhão, the soundsystem culture in Jamaica and the United Kingdom and the different genres within reggae. That was how we consolidated MiniStereo Público as a reference for creating soundsystems in Bahia.”

Even as the crew learned more and more, the catalyst that transformed MiniStereo Público was less about external influences and more about their general affinity for the sonic possibilities afforded by dancehall. “The language of Salvador’s contemporary music scene is rap, reggae and samba, and dancehall is the closest cousin to those genres,” DJ Pureza says. “In Bahia, it’s a rhythm that we can perfectly fuse with samba or samba reggae. So it’s a music that gives space for everyone – the reggaeman, rappers, sambistas – to expand their rhythmic vocabularies. Both MiniStereo Público and DJ Raíz, for example, have sambahall riddims on their SoundCloud pages.”

After settling on a reggae and dancehall-only format, the collective soon pushed the genres into prominence on Salvador’s scene, inspiring musicians, fans and partygoers to recognize the similarities in Northern Brazil’s music and way of life. “Before MiniStereo Público, there wasn’t a soundsystem dedicated to dancehall or reggae, and nobody really talked about it either,” Pureza says. “[The soundsystem] opened up an unexplored path in Salvador. Before MiniStereo Público, neither the artists or the big, conventional soundsystems played [reggae music]. Time, our insistence on doing our weekly parties and technology’s role in the exchange of information helped [reggae] gain more visibility, and it started to appear in new musical productions, DJ sets and the city’s music scene. [MiniStereo Público’s] mission in this city is to keep the culture alive because, even though it’s not directly our own culture, soteropolitanos do identify enormously with the way of life and the social and racial struggles of Jamaicans. This started as a dream, and now it’s a reality. We were pioneers, and it’s our duty to continue growing and strengthening this culture so that we can share and learn from one another.”

We keep this soundsystem going because it’s provided a foundation for everything that’s going on in Bahia right now.

DJ Raíz

Assembling the soundsystem itself wasn’t an easy task. Without strong mentors, the members of MiniStereo Público – which was founded by Dudoo Caribe, Ed Brass, Lucas Papão, Ozorio, Pablo DiNada, Luciana, MárcioMFR and sound engineer Regivan Santa Barbara, but is now comprised of Santa Barbara, DJ Pureza and DJ Raíz – doubled down on their research. According to Pureza, they consulted friends who were sound engineers and existing soundsystem operators for advice on equipment purchases, but the decision-making ultimately fell, and still falls on, their dub master, Regivan Santa Barbara. Today, their equipment is comprised of Shure mics, a Mesa Soundcraft rack, two Technics MK2 turntables, a Pioneer DJM 600 mixer, a Roland SPDS sampling pad, amplifiers, Yorkville monitors, effects racks and more. The rising costs of imported electronics, the iffy quality of Brazilian ones and the difficulty in finding adequate replacement parts when something breaks all make maintaining the soundsystem a costly and time-consuming effort. The weather and Salvador’s urban planning don’t help in the upkeep, as the city’s proximity to the ocean and its hills and stairwells prove to be a logistical nightmare for the transport of heavy equipment. And like most underground endeavors, MiniStereo Público is funded independently by the selectors and engineer, who maintain day jobs and solo careers as DJs.

“We’ve had to renew our soundsystem in order to keep going,” DJ Raíz says. “We had to buy new stacks of speakers, and that left us with a debt of almost 30 thousand reais [about 7,800 USD]. Every time we do a party or an event, we pay some of it off. The soundsystem isn’t something that gives us any returns, we can’t live off of it and it doesn’t really pay our bills.”

Still, after so many years of activity, MiniStereo Público has simultaneously fed into and fed off of Salvador’s scene. They’ve even laid the foundation for popular groups like BaianaSystem – whose vocalist Russo Passapusso has been a champion and sponsor of MiniStereo Público since its inception – and the new bass music that’s dominating the Salvador underground today.

“We keep this soundsystem going because it’s provided a foundation for everything that’s going on in Bahia right now,” Raíz explains. “The people from BaianaSystem, for example, do their part in helping MiniStereo Público maintain itself, because this provided a foundation for them as a band. Russo Passapusso does a lot so that the people [in MiniStereo Público] can be stable, so that we can do some maintenance for the soundsystem, and to keep Salvador’s culture bubbling. Beto Barreto, BaianaSystem’s guitarist, had been experimenting with the guitarra baiana and mixing it with other rhythms for a very long time. He wanted to turn those experimentations into a project and spent years wracking his brains, thinking about how he could make something work. Then, he found MiniStereo Público. They can say: ‘BaianaSystem came out of this, Russo came out of this, ÀTTØØXXÁ was inspired by it.’ They, and we all, want to keep this history alive.”

MiniStereo Público has been popularizing their Quintas Dancehall party outside of Salvador, with a residency projected for August 2018 in São Paolo. But their roots always remain on the streets, whether organizing the Arena Sound System festival, where three crews from different parts of Brazil tag-teamed DJ sets of 40 minutes each, or their ongoing social project/festival Mutirão Mete Mão, an event modeled after the famous Meeting of Favelas in Rio de Janeiro.

“Our intention with Mutirão Mete Mão is to awaken interest in the arts, specifically when it comes to children and teenagers,” says Raíz. “Whether they want to be DJs, singers, MCs, graffiti artists or sculptors, our mission is to awaken that interest and drive. We want to tell them that it is possible [to be an artist], in the same way that it was possible for us, people with no money at all, to succeed. If we can do it, so can they. We’re setting ourselves up as an example. We all come from the lower middle-class, and we struggled and still struggle to buy our equipment. We work and invest what little money we make just so we can have a legacy. Today, we have a soundsystem, our own equipment, vinyl records through the roof… We want to set an example for our people.”

“When we set up our soundsystem on the street and play, it’s way more gratifying than, say, playing in a club,” Pureza says. “The simple act of playing music and receiving good feedback, good energy from the crowd… Just seeing people happy, it’s an incredible feeling. It’s an important exchange that we’re creating, with the children that are jumping around, dancing and interacting with each other, the young people that want to freestyle and dance, the old people that are curious about us, our fans who end up meeting other people and other communities, the street vendors and small bars that end up making more business than usual… We all win! Street culture, and the aftermath of these events, is always positive.”

In the end, for Raíz and Pureza, keeping MiniStereo Público alive and focused on highlighting reggae and dancehall music and culture is tantamount to bolstering the culture of Afro-Brazilians like themselves, giving them a proper platform and a renewed sense of local pride.

“Afro-Brazilian culture is our cradle and our roots, directly and exclusively,” Pureza says. “Even though this culture is responsible for everything that there is in Brazil, it is still marginalized, and MiniStereo Público will always carry the flag and represent a humble people with a thirst to thrive and win. We always try to represent that fusion between our sounds and Jamaican music – samba with reggae or raggamuffin; the timbres and riddims of Afro-Brazilian culture. I think MiniStereo Público is our small contribution to that conversation. We’re a direct representation of our people: three black men living their truth, overcoming the struggles of Babylon, in a city where there isn’t as much equity as it seems.”

By Amaya García on August 21, 2018

On a different note


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Jewish Center At Delaware University Allegedly Started By Arsonist

(Photo credit should read ALFREDO ESTRELLA/AFP via Getty Images)

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Kaylee Greenlee Immigration and Extremism Reporter
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A fire reportedly damaged a Jewish Life Center at the University of Delaware, according to a Wednesday report.

The fire at the building that houses the Chabad Center for Jewish Life was allegedly started by an arsonist on Tuesday, investigators announced, NBC 10 Philadelphia reported. Firefighters were reportedly able to control the blaze with no known injuries.

“This is a sickening act of hostility that threatens the safety and security of our inclusive, welcoming neighborhoods. My thoughts are with the Jewish community and those affected by this tragedy,” Newark Mayor Jerry Clifton wrote in a statement, NBC 10 reported.

Around $75,000 in damages was reportedly caused by the fire, according to NBC 10. (RELATED: Arson Experts And Police Investigate Fire Set At Catholic Church In Massachusetts Possibly Caused By Molotov Cocktail)

“It is heartbreaking to learn the fire at the Chabad Center was set intentionally,” Clifton said, NBC 10 reported. “I have faith that the Newark Police Department and partner agencies will work tirelessly to identify the individual or individuals responsible and bring them to justice.”

A criminal investigation is reportedly being pursued after the Delaware Fire Marshal’s office discovered that the fire was deliberate, according to NBC 10.

Content created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. For licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact


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Breaking News: COVID-19: Hudson Valley Sees New Increases In Number Of Cases, Infection Rate; Latest Breakdown

Hudson Valley's First Sake Brewery Opening

Hot sake
Hot sake Photo Credit: Wiki-Commons

In a first for the Hudson Valley, the Culinary Institute of America has formed a partnership with Asahi-shuzo, the brewer of Dassai sake, to open a sake brewing factory in Hyde Park.

Gov. Andrew Cuomo made the announced of the newly forged partnership during a visit to Marist College Thursday afternoon.

For those not in the know, sake is an alcoholic drink produced from fermenting bran that can be consumed either hot or cold.

Asahi-shuzo, known around the world for its fine sake, is most famous for its Dassai line, which is named in part for revolutionary haiku poet, Masaoka Shiki, who called himself Dassai, according to the company's website.

“Following many months of work with the Culinary Institute of America, we are excited Asahi Shuzo has selected Dutchess County for the location of its U.S.-based sake brewery," said Dutchess County Executive Marc Molinaro. "From fine foods to craft beer, wines, and distilled spirits, Dutchess County has become a food and beverage destination."

The CIA currently has a collaboration with the Brooklyn Brewery which supplies the school's restaurants. Students can also take courses to learn the brewing process.

"Now, CIA students and visitors alike will have first-hand access to a working sake brewery. The economic impact through this project, with the addition of new jobs and increased tourism, will not only benefit Hyde Park but the region," Molinaro added.

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Dakar™ Riyadh Mid Limited Edition

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CAMEL - 41203A-15100-134
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First Vip Gold Collection in DakarShoes range. This classic icon Mid with Cupsole lace-up style, and High Relief logo and some gold details, to celebrate the Saudi culture. Unparalleled Integrated Memory Technology insole give a perfect fit and comfort. With the Premium crazy horse leather and a black durable rubber sole for modern athleisure style that will elevate anything you wear during the workweek and weekends. · Made with premium crazy horse leather from the best Portuguese sustainable tannery · Resistant 100% nylon laces · Comes with a second pair of laces · Microfiber lining for comfort · Removable formed insole made with Memory technology for better fit, comfort, and hygiene. · Durable rubber outsole. Flexible, for grip and protection.
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