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A Return to Reason

fiatadmin | April 12, 2011

A conversation with Robert Royal.

Interviewed by Gerald J. Russello

The University Bookman is delighted to post this interview with Robert Royal, president of the Faith & Reason Institute in Washington D.C. and Editor-in-Chief of The Catholic Thing. He has written, edited, and translated sixteen books, and his books, articles, and comments have appeared in a dozen languages. He lectures frequently on matters of religion, culture, and public affairs here and abroad. His most recent book is The God That Did Not Fail: How Religion Created and Shaped the West (Encounter). He is currently working on a comprehensive history of the Catholic intellectual tradition in the twentieth century.

Thanks for joining us. Is there a uniquely Catholic perspective into American politics and culture?

If you look at Catholic voting patterns, not much; unfortunately, that seems to me to be a constantly changing reality. If you look at the usual public policy debates, there’s a little more: Catholics primarily, along with a few members of a few other faith groups, still know how to argue about the importance of defending life, marriage, family, and civil society from the Leviathan of the modern state. But if you look at the whole two-thousand-year history of the Church, which its roots in Judaism and the Middle East, Greco-Roman culture, and many other elements, there not only is a distinctive Catholic perspective, but it’s difficult to think what else might save American culture from itself at the present moment. And the prospects are not so great even for that.

Just look at what the relatively modest eighteenth-century “rights” have turned into once the Creator has been removed and the individual put in his place. I’m sorry to say this about a country I love, but unless America finds something like a “new birth of freedom,” in a sense different than Lincoln’s—namely, freedom under a God who makes promises and demands—I don’t know how long we can endure. Our Founders knew that ancient democracies exploded because of untamed popular passions. We’re not quite there yet but the signs are troubling.

Many American Protestants have assumed that Catholicism is incompatible with the American experiment from the beginning. Is this true?

Yes, and no. The Church has co-existed with a lot of quite different political regimes in its long history and can co-exist with America—under certain conditions. For a long time, given the violence and repression Catholics experienced after the French Revolution and the Church’s worries that “Americanism” was in its essence what it’s now starting to turn into, democracy and republican forms looked to be simply opposed not only to Catholic principles, but Catholic existence.

Since Vatican II, of course, the Church has been more supportive of religious freedom in conditions of modern pluralism. But that supposes some sort of converging view of the common good. Lots of us have been trying to think through, from different angles, how Catholicism might recall America first to the saner principles of its Founders, who the American bishops meeting at the First Council of Baltimore described as “having built wiser than they knew.”

But the biggest problem today is culture. Postmodern mass culture has corrupted even the old American standards, and the Church cannot live quietly where there are daily assaults on the unborn, family, and expression of religious views in public. The Church is, if I can put this a little cleverly, more American than America today, and Americans would benefit from the robust view of the human person, a proper notion of rights as a dimension of natural law, and several other Catholic principles.

Do you see the secular left as a more important challenge to Catholics in America than the traditional nativism?

There’s still an anti-Catholic nativism, to be sure, but it’s much reduced I believe because of the Catholic-Evangelical dialogue that began in the 1980s. Evangelicals, I know from personal experience, admired John Paul II and understand that we are allies in a fundamental struggle. The secular left has tried to introduce a non-religious, international universalism by exploiting anti-Catholicism. Just look at how the recently deceased Bernard Nathanson, abortionist turned pro-life champion, confessed to meeting with people and deliberately picking the Catholic bishops—an unpopular group in nativist and other quarters—to make it appear that opposition to abortion was a Catholic thing. There’s not much to choose between a determined Know-Nothingism and a determined We-Know-Everythingism. There’s only the perpetual effort of Faith & Reason.

As a follow-up, can the Catholic perspective be incorporated into civic discourse and be accepted by non-Catholics, or even non-believers?

Not only is it possible, it’s happened. The Evangelicals learned about natural law in dialogue with Catholics and sociological studies are uniform in showing that the kinds of things Catholicism advocates promote personal and social well-being. But there are many people who work three shifts daily in the media and other culture-forming institutions—I think of the universities especially and government schools—determined to make it appear that Catholicism is more fundamentalist than the Fundamentalists, more un-American than the un-American side of the new leftist international brigades. It’s all factually and analytically nonsense, but that’s the situation in most of the media, and they shape our public culture.

The Catholic Church has a long history of teachings on economics and social policy. Are any of those teachings applicable to America’s current economic situation?

Well, this would require a long answer because there are large general principles and some particular details that might be drawn from modern Catholic social teaching. Let me just mention a few and start with the obvious: Greed doesn’t work. Whatever friends of aggressive capitalism may say, we need a discernment of spirits that distinguishes between good, energetic entrepreneurship and greedy efforts to maximize profits and consumption (consumers are at fault here, too). An economy is a tool for human flourishing, an important component of individual and social life. Markets are by and large the best way to conduct economic activity, within moral and prudential bounds.

It beggars belief that our government regulators did not see the Ponzi-like elements in the mortgage crisis; equally, it’s hard to believe that people have grown so complacent that they didn’t realize that economies can go down, as well as up, when they took on debt. There’s a whole set of simple values that people need to be catechized about again.

I also think we are going to have to start talking very soon about what the low birth rate and high illegitimacy rate are doing to the country. We know it will have bad effects on Social Security and other social welfare programs, but how about the effect on our social well-being? This is not a sectarian Catholic concern; it’s a time bomb waiting to go off here and abroad.

Is there a natural political “home” for Catholics?

In my view, no. I grew up in the old Catholic ethnic ghetto. I never met a Republican until I was in the university. We knew such exotics existed. We just didn’t know any. Today, I’m personally Independent, though I usually vote for Republicans because at least they don’t kill babies. But otherwise I’m not convinced Republicans get it much more than Democrats. You see it in the trial balloons like calling a “truce” on the social issues. And the Democrats, who used to be the party of working people—which is to say people who can’t indulge in much fantasy about human nature and society—have had their immune systems degraded: they pick up any nonsense floating through the culture. I guess in my dotage I’m with Dante: it’s best to be a party of one except in rare circumstances.

The Second Vatican Council is viewed by many as the great event that opened the Church to the modern world. Is this a legitimate claim, and if so, are there any insights in particular from the Council that would be beneficial to contemporary America?

Well, the Council took place—unfortunately—just before the cultural upheaval in the late 1960s. Much of what followed had no roots either in the Council or in Catholicism. But I think part of what is usually called the nouvelle théologie (‘the new theology”), the best part, I mean, tried to recover the notion that there is no nature separate from grace. That even in those areas—politics, economics, science, medicine, scholarship—where there may be professional criteria that need to be pursued to achieve human excellence—there’s another dimension. Not just the need for ethics or, God forbid, ethics committees. But recognition that in the cosmos, in every manifestation from string theory to political order to cosmology, a divine dimension lurks. We’re connected even in our mundane pursuits to the great cosmic order that gives meaning to everything we do and situates it within a reality that keeps it from becoming demonic. The spiritual current should have flowed from the religious to the secular, after Vatican II. But as we know, it mostly went in the other direction.

Is it too early to chart the legacy of Pope Benedict XVI?

Well, legacies are influenced by all sorts of factors. Benedict himself is such a gentle and humble soul that he’s even tamed the media sharks in America and Britain. You can’t meet the man and dislike him. After his visits here and to the UK, it was surprising how many stories spoke positively of him. He’s not a world-historical figure like John Paul II, a man of whom Czeslaw Milosz rightly said that, alone of all modern leaders, could be only of Shakespeare’s kings. Benedict is a scholar and a cultivated human being, so much so that I sometimes worry that he’s playing Mozart to a world that can only appreciate “Chopsticks.” But it matters the way he’s put on the agenda that reason showed itself to be murderous in the twentieth century, and that religion can help with a kind of convalescence of reason itself. In a better age, he would be seen as the brilliant and humane man he is, an exemplar of the kind of human being Christianity, at its best, has produced in the past and continues to produce. Whether his good labors will bear much fruit even he knows depends on things far beyond any human being, however great. I’m worried, but hopeful—the perpetual lot of the Christian in the world.

Thanks again for being with us.

Originally published on http://www.kirkcenter.org/

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Food Science Jobs and Opportunities

Most undergraduate Food Science students complete a summer job, a part-time job, or an internship before they graduate. Although we do not require that students complete these in order to graduate, we strongly recommend them.

Many graduates of the Food Science Undergraduate Program seek employment after earning their bachelor of science degree while others continue on to graduate study.

Common careers for those with BS degrees are quality assurance, production management, public health and regulatory agency service, and technical sales and promotion.

Students with M.S. or Ph.D. degrees often pursue careers in product and process research, education or quality assurance.

Excellent advice and counseling on part time jobs, internships, and post-graduate full time jobs is available through Career and Internship Services. The University has also provided a resource for students regarding sexual harrassment in an internship.

Internships and Other Related Experience

Completing an internship or other related experience is highly recommended, however, for students entering the program in fall 2013 or later is is not required to claim credit.*

  1. An internship in the food and/or nutrition industry. Students will use FScN 4096 to document completion.
  2. An Undergraduate Research Opportunities (UROP) research project. Students must present a copy of their final UROP report to document completion.
  3. A semester abroad. Student must complete a pre-departure workshop such as the intercultural development inventory and on their return must prepare a reflection paper and meet with their advisor.


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Want to live longer? Here's why green dry cleaners trump traditional dry cleaners in keeping you healthy

by , 12 July 2013

Green living is all the rage - from organic food to environmentally friendly clothes made from natural fibres, everyone is looking to improve their health by avoiding chemically-laden food and clothing. But did you know that there's a trend occurring in the dry-cleaning industry?

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According to Going Green Cheap and Easy, traditional dry cleaners are known for the use of harsh solvents to remove stains from clothing.

The chemical most widely used is called perchloroethylene. This dangerous chemical can cause major ill illnesses, including cancer.

And depending on your exposure, it can irritate your upper respiratory tract and eyes, affect the functioning of your kidneys, liver and central nervous system and cause dizziness, loss of coordination and even unconsciousness.

With this type of track record for the potential to poison in the name of cleaning, it’s no wonder green dry cleaners have been born.

Here are the three types of green dry cleaning you can use:

#1: Wet cleaning: This cleaning method uses water, but with milder detergents than what’s used in conventional dry cleaning. There are no hazardous chemicals used or waste products created, which means a lower risk of environmental contamination into the soil or water.

#2: CO2 cleaning: This method uses carbon dioxide and detergent to clean clothing. The CO2 is the same non-toxic type that’s used to carbonate cool drinks. The CO2 is actually captured from other industrial processes rather than allowing it to be emitted into the air as a pollutant. There aren’t as many of these cleaners as wet cleaners because they require an industrial source for their method.

#3: Hand washing: Another way to green-clean clothes is by hand-washing them. Many clothes that say ‘dry clean only’ can withstand a gentle hand washing using a mild soap. Try not to twist the garments, as this is generally what causes them to lose their shape.
Also, use cool water when hand-washing items, since hot water has a shrinking effect on some fabrics.

There you have it. Living a healthier and environmentally friendly lifestyle also involves the method you use to dry clean your clothes. It may be worth it to consider making the change. After all, your health is at stake.

To locate a green dry cleaner near you go to www.goinggreen.co.za/directory.

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Want to live longer? Here's why green dry cleaners trump traditional dry cleaners in keeping you healthy
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Lemon tea by Dina Belenko
Dina Belenko's picture

Lemon tea

August 30, 2018

Caught myself thinking that I can make a cup balanced on a stack of sugar cubes, but can't make a salad without turning my kitchen into a total chaos. That's why I shoot only coffee and donuts, that's why.
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libopenssl1_1-32bit-1.1.0i-lp150.3.15.1 RPM for x86_64

From OpenSuSE Leap 15.0 updates for x86_64

Name: libopenssl1_1-32bit Distribution: openSUSE Leap 15.0
Version: 1.1.0i Vendor: openSUSE
Release: lp150.3.15.1 Build date: Thu Nov 22 18:28:17 2018
Group: Productivity/Networking/Security Build host: cloud109
Size: 3028944 Source RPM: openssl-1_1-1.1.0i-lp150.3.15.1.src.rpm
Summary: Secure Sockets and Transport Layer Security
OpenSSL is a software library to be used in applications that need to
secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping or
need to ascertain the identity of the party at the other end.
OpenSSL contains an implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.

* Mon Nov 05 2018 Vítězslav Čížek <>
  - OpenSSL Security Advisory [30 October 2018]
    * Timing vulnerability in ECDSA signature generation
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    * Timing vulnerability in DSA signature generation
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    * And more timing fixes
  - Add patches:
    * openssl-CVE-2018-0734.patch
    * openssl-CVE-2018-0735.patch
    * 0001-DSA-mod-inverse-fix.patch
    * 0001-Add-a-constant-time-flag-to-one-of-the-bignums-to-av.patch
* Tue Oct 23 2018 Vítězslav Čížek <>
  - Obsolete libopenssl-1_0_0-devel by libopenssl-1_1-devel to avoid
    conflicts when updating from older distributions (bsc#1106180)
* Thu Oct 18 2018 Vítězslav Čížek <>
  - Fix infinite loop in DSA generation with incorrect parameters
    * add openssl-dsa_paramgen2_check.patch
* Thu Oct 18 2018 Vítězslav Čížek <>
  - Fix One&Done side-channel attack on RSA (bsc#1104789)
    * add openssl-One_and_Done.patch
* Tue Aug 14 2018
  - Update to 1.1.0i
    - Align with SLE-12-SP4
    OpenSSL Security Advisory [12 June 2018]
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    * Increase the number of Miller-Rabin rounds for DSA key generating to 64.
    * Add blinding to ECDSA and DSA signatures to protect against side channel
    * When unlocking a pass phrase protected PEM file or PKCS#8 container, we
      now allow empty (zero character) pass phrases.
    * Certificate time validation (X509_cmp_time) enforces stricter
      compliance with RFC 5280. Fractional seconds and timezone offsets
      are no longer allowed.
    * Fixed a text canonicalisation bug in CMS
  - drop patches (upstream):
    * 0001-Limit-scope-of-CN-name-constraints.patch
    * 0001-Tolerate-a-Certificate-using-a-non-supported-group-o.patch
    * 0002-Skip-CN-DNS-name-constraint-checks-when-not-needed.patch
    * openssl-add-blinding-to-dsa.patch
    * openssl-add-blinding-to-ecdsa.patch
    * openssl-CVE-2018-0732.patch
  - refresh patches:
    * openssl-1.1.0-fips.patch
    * openssl-disable_rsa_keygen_tests_with_small_modulus.patch
  - rename openssl-CVE-2018-0737.patch to openssl-CVE-2018-0737-fips.patch
    as it now only includes changes to the fips code
* Thu Aug 02 2018
  - Add openssl(cli) Provide so the packages that require the openssl
    binary can require this instead of the new openssl meta package
  - Don't Require openssl-1_1 from the devel package, just Recommend it
* Wed Jul 25 2018
  - Suggest libopenssl1_1-hmac from libopenssl1_1 package to avoid
    dependency issues during updates (bsc#1090765)
* Wed Jul 25 2018
  - Relax CN name restrictions (bsc#1084011)
    * added patches:
* Tue Jun 26 2018
  - Reject excessively large primes in DH key generation (bsc#1097158,
    * openssl-CVE-2018-0732.patch
  - blinding enhancements for ECDSA and DSA (bsc#1097624, bsc#1098592)
    * openssl-add-blinding-to-ecdsa.patch
    * openssl-add-blinding-to-dsa.patch
* Thu May 10 2018
  - OpenSSL Security Advisory [16 Apr 2018]
    * Cache timing vulnerability in RSA Key Generation
      (CVE-2018-0737, bsc#1089039)
    * add openssl-CVE-2018-0737.patch
* Thu May 10 2018
  - Fix escaping in c_rehash (boo#1091961, bsc#1091963)
    * add
* Wed Mar 28 2018
  - Tolerate a Certificate using a non-supported group on server side
    * add 0001-Tolerate-a-Certificate-using-a-non-supported-group-o.patch
* Tue Mar 27 2018
  - Update to 1.1.0h
    OpenSSL Security Advisory [27 Mar 2018]
    * Constructed ASN.1 types with a recursive definition could exceed
      the stack (CVE-2018-0739) (bsc#1087102)
    * rsaz_1024_mul_avx2 overflow bug on x86_64 (CVE-2017-3738)
  - refresh patches:
    * 0001-Axe-builtin-printf-implementation-use-glibc-instead.patch
    * openssl-1.1.0-fips.patch
    * openssl-pkgconfig.patch
    * openssl-rsakeygen-minimum-distance.patch
    * openssl-static-deps.patch
* Tue Feb 27 2018
  - Move the libopenssl1_1_0-32bit obsoletes in baselibs.conf to the
    new libopenssl1_1-32bit: it does not belong to the devel
* Fri Feb 16 2018
  - Renamed from openssl-1_1_0 (bsc#1081335)
    * All the minor versions of the 1.1.x openssl branch have the same
      sonum and keep ABI compatibility
    * obsolete the 1_1_0 packages
  - update baselibs.conf with the new version names
* Thu Feb 15 2018
  - Remove bit obsolete syntax
  - Use %license macro
* Mon Jan 22 2018
  - Don't disable afalgeng on aarch64
* Tue Jan 09 2018
  - Add support for s390x CPACF enhancements (fate#321518)
    patches taken from
    * 0004-s390x-assembly-pack-add-OPENSSL_s390xcap-environment.patch
    * 0005-s390x-assembly-pack-add-OPENSSL_s390xcap-man-page.patch
    * 0006-s390x-assembly-pack-extended-s390x-capability-vector.patch
    * 0007-crypto-evp-e_aes.c-add-foundations-for-extended-s390.patch
    * 0008-s390x-assembly-pack-extended-s390x-capability-vector.patch
    * 0010-doc-man3-OPENSSL_s390xcap.pod-update-KMA.patch
    * 0012-s390x-assembly-pack-add-KMA-code-path-for-aes-gcm.patch
* Tue Nov 28 2017
  - Do not filter pkgconfig() provides/requires.
* Tue Nov 28 2017
  - Obsolete openssl-1_0_0 by openssl-1_1_0: this is required for a
    clean upgrade path as an aid to zypp (boo#1070003).
* Thu Nov 02 2017
  - Update to 1.1.0g
    OpenSSL Security Advisory [02 Nov 2017]
    * bn_sqrx8x_internal carry bug on x86_64
      (CVE-2017-3736) (bsc#1066242)
    * Malformed X.509 IPAddressFamily could cause OOB read
      (CVE-2017-3735) (bsc#1056058)
  - drop 0001-Fix-a-TLSProxy-race-condition.patch (upstream)
  - refresh 0001-Axe-builtin-printf-implementation-use-glibc-instead.patch
* Fri Sep 01 2017
  - update DEFAULT_SUSE cipher list (bsc#1055825)
    * add CHACHA20-POLY1305
    * add ECDSA ciphers
    * remove 3DES
  - modified openssl-1.0.1e-add-suse-default-cipher.patch
* Tue Aug 15 2017
  - do not require openssl1_1_0-targettype in devel-targettype, as it
    is not built (it has no libraries)
* Mon Aug 07 2017
  - The description is supposed to describe the package, not the
    development process or history. (Synchronize with the
    already-updates descriptions in openssl-1_0_0.)
  - Update historic copypasted boilerplate summaries
    ("include files mandatory for development")
* Thu Aug 03 2017
  - Disable the verbosity of the tests as we expose yet another race
    condition in that
* Tue Jul 18 2017
  - Fix a race condition in tests to make the package build reliably
    * 0001-Fix-a-TLSProxy-race-condition.patch
* Tue Jul 18 2017
  - Add Provides and Conflicts for -devel package in baselibs.conf.
* Sun Jun 25 2017
  - Add patch openssl-no-date.patch to disable date inclusion in most
    of the binaries
  - Use autopatch to make things smaller
  - Enable verbose output on the tests
  - Paralelize depmod
* Mon May 29 2017
  - update to 1.1.0f
    * bugfix only release
  - disable RSA keygen tests, because they use too small modulus, which
    is rejected by our CC/FIPS hardening patches
    * added openssl-disable_rsa_keygen_tests_with_small_modulus.patch
  - refreshed openssl-rsakeygen-minimum-distance.patch and
* Wed May 10 2017
  - Add conflict for any libopenssl-devel that is not in our version
* Wed May 10 2017
  - Avoid the requires conflict between 1.1 and 1.0 openssl
* Fri May 05 2017
  - Add conflict on docu packages
* Wed May 03 2017
  - drop unnecessary README.SUSE
* Wed May 03 2017
  - add openssl-1.1-fix-ppc64.patch from Marcus Meissner to fix build
    on ppc64
* Wed May 03 2017
  - Fix build on aarch64
* Wed May 03 2017
  - Remove libpadlock conditional, no longer present
* Tue May 02 2017
  - Update baselibs.conf to contain all the renamed packages
* Wed Apr 26 2017
  - re-enable tests on SLE-12 and below despite current failure, so
    they are automatically run once the issue is resolved
* Wed Apr 26 2017
  - Filter out the pkgconfig provides to force usage of the main
    openssl package provides
* Fri Apr 21 2017
  - disable tests on SLE-12 and its derivates
    * they fail because of glibc bug bsc#1035445
  - remove README-FIPS.txt (outdated)
* Thu Apr 20 2017
  - drop openssl-fipslocking.patch
    The locking in 1.1.0 has been rewritten and converted to the new
    threading API. The fips deadlock (at least bsc#991193) can't be
    reproduced anymore.
  - don't ship useless INSTALL* files
* Thu Apr 20 2017
  - simplify openssl-fips-dont-fall-back-to-default-digest.patch
    The -non-fips-allow option was dropped in OpenSSL 1.1.0
  - drop openssl-no-egd.patch as OpenSSL 1.1.0 disables EGD at compile
    time by default
  - renumber the patches so the numbers are consequent
* Tue Apr 18 2017
  - Update showciphers.c to work with new openssl
* Tue Apr 18 2017
  - Add patch openssl-static-deps.patch to allow dependencies on
    statically build libraries
  - Refresh openssl-1-1.0-fips.patch to take in use the above approach
  - Silence the install manpage rename phase
* Thu Apr 13 2017
  - Start update to 1.1.0e basing of the 1.0.0 split release
  - Drop patch merge_from_0.9.8k.patch the ppc64 should work out of the
  - Drop patch openssl-engines-path.patch converted to configure option
  - Drop patch openssl-1.0.2a-padlock64.patch code behind was redone
    does not apply at all
  - Drop patch openssl-fix-pod-syntax.diff mostly merged upstream or
    not applicable
  - Drop patch compression_methods_switch.patch as we do not need
    to keep the compat on this release anymore
  - Drop patch openssl-1.0.2a-ipv6-apps.patch which was upstreamed
  - Drop upstreamed patch openssl-1.0.2a-default-paths.patch
  - Drop obsolete patch openssl-1.0.0-c_rehash-compat.diff
  - Drop obsolete patch openssl-missing_FIPS_ec_group_new_by_curve_name.patch
  - Drop obsolete patch openssl-print_notice-NULL_crash.patch
  - Drop obsolete patch openssl-randfile_fread_interrupt.patch
  - Refresh patch openssl-truststore.patch
  - Refresh baselibs.conf to correctly reflect soname
  - Add patch openssl-1.1.0-fips.patch obsoleting bunch of older:
    * openssl-1.0.2i-fips.patch
    * openssl-1.0.2a-fips-ec.patch
    * openssl-1.0.2a-fips-ctor.patch
    * openssl-1.0.2i-new-fips-reqs.patch
    * openssl-fips_disallow_x931_rand_method.patch
  - Add new patch for upstream:
    * 0001-Resume-reading-from-randfile-when-interrupted-by-a-s.patch
  - Refresh patch openssl-pkgconfig.patch
  - Drop patch openssl-gcc-attributes.patch as the code was redone
  - Rebase patch 0001-Axe-builtin-printf-implementation-use-glibc-instead.patch
  - Rebase patch openssl-no-egd.patch
  - Rebase patch openssl-1.0.1e-add-suse-default-cipher.patch and
  - Rebase patch openssl-fips_disallow_ENGINE_loading.patch
  - Rebase patch openssl-urandom-reseeding.patch
  - Rebase patch openssl-fips-rsagen-d-bits.patch
  - Rebase patch openssl-fips-selftests_in_nonfips_mode.patch
  - Remove switch for ssl2 - no longer present
  - Remve the buildinf.h parsing, should no longer be needed
  - Drop the rehash in build, no longer needed
  - Drop openssl-fips-hidden.patch as it is not really needed
  - Do not sed in secure_getenv upstream does it in code on their own
  - Do not install html converted manpages
    * openssl-1.1.0-no-html.patch
* Thu Apr 13 2017
  - Drop the symbol hiding patches to ease maintenance updates:
    * 0005-libssl-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
    * 0001-libcrypto-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
* Thu Apr 13 2017
  - Add new patch for engines folders to allow co-installation
    * openssl-engines-path.patch
* Thu Apr 13 2017
  - Drop openssl-ocloexec.patch as it causes additional maintenance
    burden we would like to avoid
* Thu Apr 13 2017
  - Drop bug610223.patch as we moved to libdir
* Thu Apr 13 2017
  - Move check to %check phase
  - Split showciphers to separate file
* Wed Apr 12 2017
  - Move openssl to /usr/lib64 from /lib64
* Wed Apr 12 2017
  - Remove some of the DSO setting code that is not needed
  - Fix the showciphers binary
* Wed Apr 12 2017
  - Rename to openssl-1_0_0 to allow instalation of multiple versions
* Tue Apr 04 2017
  - Remove O3 from optflags, no need to not rely on distro wide settings
  - Remove conditions for sle10 and sle11, we care only about sle12+
  - USE SUSE instead of SuSE in readme
  - Pass over with spec-cleaner
* Thu Feb 02 2017
  - fix X509_CERT_FILE path (bsc#1022271) and rename
    updated openssl-1.0.1e-truststore.diff to openssl-truststore.patch
* Fri Jan 27 2017
  - Updated to openssl 1.0.2k
    - bsc#1009528 / CVE-2016-7055: openssl: Montgomery multiplication may produce incorrect results
    - bsc#1019334 / CVE-2016-7056: openssl: ECSDA P-256 timing attack key recovery
    - bsc#1022085 / CVE-2017-3731: openssl: Truncated packet could crash via OOB read
    - bsc#1022086 / CVE-2017-3732: openssl: BN_mod_exp may produce incorrect results on x86_64
* Fri Sep 30 2016
  - resume reading from /dev/urandom when interrupted by a signal
    * add openssl-randfile_fread_interrupt.patch
* Fri Sep 30 2016
  - add FIPS changes from SP2:
  - fix problems with locking in FIPS mode (bsc#992120)
    * duplicates: bsc#991877, bsc#991193, bsc#990392, bsc#990428
      and bsc#990207
    * bring back openssl-fipslocking.patch
  - drop openssl-fips_RSA_compute_d_with_lcm.patch (upstream)
  - don't check for /etc/system-fips (bsc#982268)
    * add openssl-fips-dont_run_FIPS_module_installed.patch
  - refresh openssl-fips-rsagen-d-bits.patch
* Tue Sep 27 2016
  - update to openssl-1.0.2j
    * Missing CRL sanity check (CVE-2016-7052 bsc#1001148)
* Fri Sep 23 2016
  - OpenSSL Security Advisory [22 Sep 2016] (bsc#999665)
    Severity: High
    * OCSP Status Request extension unbounded memory growth
      (CVE-2016-6304) (bsc#999666)
    Severity: Low
    * Pointer arithmetic undefined behaviour (CVE-2016-2177) (bsc#982575)
    * Constant time flag not preserved in DSA signing (CVE-2016-2178) (bsc#983249)
    * DTLS buffered message DoS (CVE-2016-2179) (bsc#994844)
    * OOB read in TS_OBJ_print_bio() (CVE-2016-2180) (bsc#990419)
    * DTLS replay protection DoS (CVE-2016-2181) (bsc#994749)
    * OOB write in BN_bn2dec() (CVE-2016-2182) (bsc#993819)
    * Birthday attack against 64-bit block ciphers (SWEET32)
      (CVE-2016-2183) (bsc#995359)
    * Malformed SHA512 ticket DoS (CVE-2016-6302) (bsc#995324)
    * OOB write in MDC2_Update() (CVE-2016-6303) (bsc#995377)
    * Certificate message OOB reads (CVE-2016-6306) (bsc#999668)
  - update to openssl-1.0.2i
    * remove patches:
    * add patches:
* Wed Aug 03 2016
  - fix crash in print_notice (bsc#998190)
    * add openssl-print_notice-NULL_crash.patch
* Tue May 03 2016
  - OpenSSL Security Advisory [3rd May 2016]
  - update to 1.0.2h (boo#977584, boo#977663)
    * Prevent padding oracle in AES-NI CBC MAC check
      A MITM attacker can use a padding oracle attack to decrypt traffic
      when the connection uses an AES CBC cipher and the server support
      (CVE-2016-2107, boo#977616)
    * Fix EVP_EncodeUpdate overflow
      An overflow can occur in the EVP_EncodeUpdate() function which is used for
      Base64 encoding of binary data. If an attacker is able to supply very large
      amounts of input data then a length check can overflow resulting in a heap
      (CVE-2016-2105, boo#977614)
    * Fix EVP_EncryptUpdate overflow
      An overflow can occur in the EVP_EncryptUpdate() function. If an attacker
      is able to supply very large amounts of input data after a previous call to
      EVP_EncryptUpdate() with a partial block then a length check can overflow
      resulting in a heap corruption.
      (CVE-2016-2106, boo#977615)
    * Prevent ASN.1 BIO excessive memory allocation
      When ASN.1 data is read from a BIO using functions such as d2i_CMS_bio()
      a short invalid encoding can casuse allocation of large amounts of memory
      potentially consuming excessive resources or exhausting memory.
      (CVE-2016-2109, boo#976942)
    * EBCDIC overread
      ASN1 Strings that are over 1024 bytes can cause an overread in applications
      using the X509_NAME_oneline() function on EBCDIC systems. This could result
      in arbitrary stack data being returned in the buffer.
      (CVE-2016-2176, boo#978224)
    * Modify behavior of ALPN to invoke callback after SNI/servername
      callback, such that updates to the SSL_CTX affect ALPN.
    * Remove LOW from the DEFAULT cipher list.  This removes singles DES from the
    * Only remove the SSLv2 methods with the no-ssl2-method option. When the
      methods are enabled and ssl2 is disabled the methods return NULL.
* Fri Apr 15 2016
  - Remove a hack for bsc#936563
  - Drop bsc936563_hack.patch
* Fri Apr 15 2016
  - import fips patches from SLE-12
    * openssl-fips-clearerror.patch
    * openssl-fips-dont-fall-back-to-default-digest.patch
    * openssl-fips-fix-odd-rsakeybits.patch
    * openssl-fips-rsagen-d-bits.patch
    * openssl-fips-selftests_in_nonfips_mode.patch
    * openssl-fips_RSA_compute_d_with_lcm.patch
    * openssl-fips_disallow_ENGINE_loading.patch
    * openssl-fips_disallow_x931_rand_method.patch
    * openssl-rsakeygen-minimum-distance.patch
    * openssl-urandom-reseeding.patch
* Tue Mar 08 2016
  - add support for "ciphers" providing no encryption (bsc#937085)
    * don't build with -DSSL_FORBID_ENULL
* Tue Mar 01 2016
  - update to 1.0.2g (bsc#968044)
    * Disable weak ciphers in SSLv3 and up in default builds of OpenSSL.
      Builds that are not configured with "enable-weak-ssl-ciphers" will not
      provide any "EXPORT" or "LOW" strength ciphers.
    * Disable SSLv2 default build, default negotiation and weak ciphers.  SSLv2
      is by default disabled at build-time.  Builds that are not configured with
      "enable-ssl2" will not support SSLv2.  Even if "enable-ssl2" is used,
      users who want to negotiate SSLv2 via the version-flexible SSLv23_method()
      will need to explicitly call either of:
      SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
      SSL_clear_options(ssl, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
    * Fix a double-free in DSA code
    * Disable SRP fake user seed to address a server memory leak.
      Add a new method SRP_VBASE_get1_by_user that handles the seed properly.
    * Fix BN_hex2bn/BN_dec2bn NULL pointer deref/heap corruption
    * ) Side channel attack on modular exponentiation
    * ) Change the req app to generate a 2048-bit RSA/DSA key by default,
      if no keysize is specified with default_bits. This fixes an
      omission in an earlier change that changed all RSA/DSA key generation
      apps to use 2048 bits by default.
* Thu Jan 28 2016
  - update to 1.0.2f (boo#963410)
    * ) DH small subgroups (boo#963413)
      Historically OpenSSL only ever generated DH parameters based on "safe"
      primes. More recently (in version 1.0.2) support was provided for
      generating X9.42 style parameter files such as those required for RFC 5114
      support. The primes used in such files may not be "safe". Where an
      application is using DH configured with parameters based on primes that are
      not "safe" then an attacker could use this fact to find a peer's private
      DH exponent. This attack requires that the attacker complete multiple
      handshakes in which the peer uses the same private DH exponent. For example
      this could be used to discover a TLS server's private DH exponent if it's
      reusing the private DH exponent or it's using a static DH ciphersuite.
    * ) SSLv2 doesn't block disabled ciphers (boo#963415)
      A malicious client can negotiate SSLv2 ciphers that have been disabled on
      the server and complete SSLv2 handshakes even if all SSLv2 ciphers have
      been disabled, provided that the SSLv2 protocol was not also disabled via
    * ) Reject DH handshakes with parameters shorter than 1024 bits.
* Fri Dec 04 2015
  - update to 1.0.2e
    * fixes five security vulnerabilities
    * Anon DH ServerKeyExchange with 0 p parameter
      (CVE-2015-1794) (bsc#957984)
    * BN_mod_exp may produce incorrect results on x86_64
      (CVE-2015-3193) (bsc#957814)
    * Certificate verify crash with missing PSS parameter
      (CVE-2015-3194) (bsc#957815)
    * X509_ATTRIBUTE memory leak
      (CVE-2015-3195) (bsc#957812)
    * Race condition handling PSK identify hint
      (CVE-2015-3196) (bsc#957813)
  - pulled a refreshed fips patch from Fedora
    * openssl-1.0.2a-fips.patch was replaced by
  - refresh openssl-ocloexec.patch
* Thu Jul 09 2015
  - update to 1.0.2d
    * fixes CVE-2015-1793 (bsc#936746)
    Alternate chains certificate forgery
      During certificate verfification, OpenSSL will attempt to find an
      alternative certificate chain if the first attempt to build such a chain
      fails. An error in the implementation of this logic can mean that an
      attacker could cause certain checks on untrusted certificates to be
      bypassed, such as the CA flag, enabling them to use a valid leaf
      certificate to act as a CA and "issue" an invalid certificate.
  - drop openssl-fix_invalid_manpage_name.patch (upstream)
* Thu Jul 02 2015
  - Workaround debugit crash on ppc64le with gcc5
    bsc936563_hack.patch (bsc#936563)
* Wed Jul 01 2015
  - update merge_from_0.9.8k.patch replacing __LP64__ by __LP64
    this is a change versus previous request 309611
    required to avoid build error for ppc64
* Fri Jun 26 2015
  - Build with no-ssl3, for details on why this is needed read
    rfc7568. Contrary to the "no-ssl2" option, this does not
    require us to patch dependant packages as the relevant
    functions are still available (SSLv3_(client|server)_method)
    but will fail to negotiate. if removing SSL3 methods is desired
    at a later time, option "no-ssl3-method" needs to be used.
* Fri Jun 12 2015
  - update to 1.0.2c
    * Fix HMAC ABI incompatibility
  - refreshed openssl-1.0.2a-fips.patch
* Thu Jun 11 2015
  - update to 1.0.2b
    * Malformed ECParameters causes infinite loop (CVE-2015-1788)
    * Exploitable out-of-bounds read in X509_cmp_time (CVE-2015-1789)
    * PKCS7 crash with missing EnvelopedContent (CVE-2015-1790)
    * CMS verify infinite loop with unknown hash function (CVE-2015-1792)
    * Race condition handling NewSessionTicket (CVE-2015-1791)
  - refreshed patches:
    * 0001-Axe-builtin-printf-implementation-use-glibc-instead.patch
    * 0001-libcrypto-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
    * openssl-1.0.2a-default-paths.patch
    * openssl-1.0.2a-fips.patch
    * compression_methods_switch.patch
    * openssl-1.0.1e-add-test-suse-default-cipher-suite.patch
* Sun May 24 2015
  - update to 1.0.2a
    * Major changes since 1.0.1:
    - Suite B support for TLS 1.2 and DTLS 1.2
    - Support for DTLS 1.2
    - TLS automatic EC curve selection.
    - API to set TLS supported signature algorithms and curves
    - SSL_CONF configuration API.
    - TLS Brainpool support.
    - ALPN support.
    - CMS support for RSA-PSS, RSA-OAEP, ECDH and X9.42 DH.
  - packaging changes:
    * merged patches modifying CIPHER_LIST into one, dropping:
    - openssl-1.0.1e-add-suse-default-cipher-header.patch
    - openssl-libssl-noweakciphers.patch
    * fix a manpage with invalid name
    - added openssl-fix_invalid_manpage_name.patch
    * remove a missing fips function
    - openssl-missing_FIPS_ec_group_new_by_curve_name.patch
    * reimported patches from Fedora
      dropped patches:
    - openssl-1.0.1c-default-paths.patch
    - openssl-1.0.1c-ipv6-apps.patch
    - openssl-1.0.1e-fips-ctor.patch
    - openssl-1.0.1e-fips-ec.patch
    - openssl-1.0.1e-fips.patch
    - openssl-1.0.1e-new-fips-reqs.patch
    - VIA_padlock_support_on_64systems.patch
      added patches:
    - openssl-1.0.2a-default-paths.patch
    - openssl-1.0.2a-fips-ctor.patch
    - openssl-1.0.2a-fips-ec.patch
    - openssl-1.0.2a-fips.patch
    - openssl-1.0.2a-ipv6-apps.patch
    - openssl-1.0.2a-new-fips-reqs.patch
    - openssl-1.0.2a-padlock64.patch
    * dropped security fixes (upstream)
    - openssl-CVE-2015-0209.patch
    - openssl-CVE-2015-0286.patch
    - openssl-CVE-2015-0287.patch
    - openssl-CVE-2015-0288.patch
    - openssl-CVE-2015-0289.patch
    - openssl-CVE-2015-0293.patch
    * upstream reformatted the sources, so all the patches have to
      be refreshed
* Thu Mar 19 2015
  - security update:
    * CVE-2015-0209 (bnc#919648)
    - Fix a failure to NULL a pointer freed on error
    * CVE-2015-0286 (bnc#922496)
    - Segmentation fault in ASN1_TYPE_cmp
    * CVE-2015-0287 (bnc#922499)
    - ASN.1 structure reuse memory corruption
    * CVE-2015-0288 x509: (bnc#920236)
    - added missing public key is not NULL check
    * CVE-2015-0289 (bnc#922500)
    - PKCS7 NULL pointer dereferences
    * CVE-2015-0293 (bnc#922488)
    - Fix reachable assert in SSLv2 servers
    * added patches:
* Wed Feb 04 2015
  - The DATE stamp moved from crypto/Makefile to crypto/buildinf.h,
    replace it there (bsc#915947)
* Fri Jan 09 2015
  - openssl 1.0.1k release
    bsc#912294 CVE-2014-3571: Fix DTLS segmentation fault in dtls1_get_record.
    bsc#912292 CVE-2015-0206: Fix DTLS memory leak in dtls1_buffer_record.
    bsc#911399 CVE-2014-3569: Fix issue where no-ssl3 configuration sets method to NULL.
    bsc#912015 CVE-2014-3572: Abort handshake if server key exchange
      message is omitted for ephemeral ECDH ciphersuites.
    bsc#912014 CVE-2015-0204: Remove non-export ephemeral RSA code on client and server.
    bsc#912293 CVE-2015-0205: Fixed issue where DH client certificates are accepted without verification.
    bsc#912018 CVE-2014-8275: Fix various certificate fingerprint issues.
    bsc#912296 CVE-2014-3570: Correct Bignum squaring.
    and other bugfixes.
  - openssl.keyring: use Matt Caswells current key.
    pub  2048R/0E604491 2013-04-30
    uid                            Matt Caswell <>
    uid                            Matt Caswell <>
    sub  2048R/E3C21B70 2013-04-30
  - openssl-1.0.1e-fips.patch: rediffed
  - openssl-1.0.1i-noec2m-fix.patch: removed (upstream)
  - openssl-ocloexec.patch: rediffed
* Tue Nov 18 2014
  - suse_version 10.1 & 10.2 x86_64 can not enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128
* Mon Nov 17 2014
  - openssl-1.0.1i-noec2m-fix.patch: only report the Elliptic Curves
    we actually support (not the binary ones) (bnc#905037)
* Fri Nov 07 2014
  - openSUSE < 11.2 doesn't have accept4()
* Tue Oct 21 2014
  - openSSL 1.0.1j
    * Fix SRTP Memory Leak (CVE-2014-3513)
    * Session Ticket Memory Leak (CVE-2014-3567)
    * Add SSL 3.0 Fallback protection (TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV)
    * Build option no-ssl3 is incomplete (CVE-2014-3568)
* Thu Aug 21 2014
  - openssl.keyring: the 1.0.1i release was done by
    Matt Caswell <> UK 0E604491
* Thu Aug 14 2014
  - rename README.SuSE (old spelling) to README.SUSE (bnc#889013)
* Wed Aug 13 2014
  - update to 1.0.1i
    * Fix SRP buffer overrun vulnerability. Invalid parameters passed to the
      SRP code can be overrun an internal buffer. Add sanity check that
      g, A, B < N to SRP code.
    * A flaw in the OpenSSL SSL/TLS server code causes the server to negotiate
      TLS 1.0 instead of higher protocol versions when the ClientHello message
      is badly fragmented. This allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to force a
      downgrade to TLS 1.0 even if both the server and the client support a
      higher protocol version, by modifying the client's TLS records.
    * OpenSSL DTLS clients enabling anonymous (EC)DH ciphersuites are subject
      to a denial of service attack. A malicious server can crash the client
      with a null pointer dereference (read) by specifying an anonymous (EC)DH
      ciphersuite and sending carefully crafted handshake messages.
    * By sending carefully crafted DTLS packets an attacker could cause openssl
      to leak memory. This can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack.
    * An attacker can force openssl to consume large amounts of memory whilst
      processing DTLS handshake messages. This can be exploited through a
      Denial of Service attack.
    * An attacker can force an error condition which causes openssl to crash
      whilst processing DTLS packets due to memory being freed twice. This
      can be exploited through a Denial of Service attack.
    * If a multithreaded client connects to a malicious server using a resumed
      session and the server sends an ec point format extension it could write
      up to 255 bytes to freed memory.
    * A malicious server can crash an OpenSSL client with a null pointer
      dereference (read) by specifying an SRP ciphersuite even though it was not
      properly negotiated with the client. This can be exploited through a
      Denial of Service attack.
    * A flaw in OBJ_obj2txt may cause pretty printing functions such as
      X509_name_oneline, X509_name_print_ex et al. to leak some information
      from the stack. Applications may be affected if they echo pretty printing
      output to the attacker.
    * Fix ec_GFp_simple_points_make_affine (thus, EC_POINTs_mul etc.)
      for corner cases. (Certain input points at infinity could lead to
      bogus results, with non-infinity inputs mapped to infinity too.)
  - refreshed patches:
    * openssl-1.0.1e-new-fips-reqs.patch
    * 0005-libssl-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
      (thanks to Marcus Meissner)
* Mon Jul 21 2014
  - Move manpages around: *.1ssl should be in openssl
    (e.g. ciphers(1ssl) is also referenced by openssl(1)),
    and *.3ssl should be in openssl-doc.
* Tue Jun 24 2014
  - recommend: ca-certificates-mozilla instead of openssl-certs
* Thu Jun 05 2014
  - updated openssl to 1.0.1h (bnc#880891):
    - CVE-2014-0224: Fix for SSL/TLS MITM flaw. An attacker using a carefully crafted
      handshake can force the use of weak keying material in OpenSSL
      SSL/TLS clients and servers.
    - CVE-2014-0221: Fix DTLS recursion flaw. By sending an invalid DTLS handshake to an
      OpenSSL DTLS client the code can be made to recurse eventually crashing
      in a DoS attack.
    - CVE-2014-0195: Fix DTLS invalid fragment vulnerability. A buffer
      overrun attack can be triggered by sending invalid DTLS fragments to
      an OpenSSL DTLS client or server. This is potentially exploitable to
      run arbitrary code on a vulnerable client or server.
    - CVE-2014-3470: Fix bug in TLS code where clients enable anonymous
      ECDH ciphersuites are subject to a denial of service attack.
  - openssl-buffreelistbug-aka-CVE-2010-5298.patch: removed, upstream
  - CVE-2014-0198.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0009-Fix-double-frees.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0012-Fix-eckey_priv_encode.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0017-Double-free-in-i2o_ECPublicKey.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0018-fix-coverity-issues-966593-966596.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0020-Initialize-num-properly.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0022-bignum-allow-concurrent-BN_MONT_CTX_set_locked.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0023-evp-prevent-underflow-in-base64-decoding.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0024-Fixed-NULL-pointer-dereference-in-PKCS7_dataDecode-r.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0025-fix-coverity-issue-966597-error-line-is-not-always-i.patch: removed, upstream
  - 0001-libcrypto-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch: disabled heartbeat testcase
  - openssl-1.0.1c-ipv6-apps.patch: refreshed
  - openssl-fix-pod-syntax.diff: some stuff merged upstream, refreshed
* Wed May 21 2014
  - Added new SUSE default cipher suite
* Fri May 09 2014
  - Add upstream patches fixing coverity scan issues:
    * 0018-fix-coverity-issues-966593-966596.patch
    * 0020-Initialize-num-properly.patch
    * 0022-bignum-allow-concurrent-BN_MONT_CTX_set_locked.patch
    * 0023-evp-prevent-underflow-in-base64-decoding.patch
    * 0024-Fixed-NULL-pointer-dereference-in-PKCS7_dataDecode-r.patch
    * 0025-fix-coverity-issue-966597-error-line-is-not-always-i.patch
  - Update 0001-libcrypto-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
    to cover more private symbols, now 98% complete and probably
    not much more can be done to fix the rest of the ill-defined API.
  - openssl-fips-hidden.patch new, hides private symbols added by the
    FIPS patches.
  - openssl-no-egd.patch disable the EGD (entropy gathering daemon)
    interface, we have no EGD in the distro and obtaining entropy from
    a place other than /dev/*random, the hardware rng or the openSSL
    internal PRNG is an extremely bad & dangerous idea.
  - use secure_getenv instead of getenv everywhere.
* Mon May 05 2014
  -  0005-libssl-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
    Update to hide more symbols that are not part of
    the public API
  - openssl-gcc-attributes.patch BUF_memdup also
    needs attribute alloc_size as it returns memory
    of size of the second parameter.
  - openssl-ocloexec.patch Update, accept()
    also needs O_CLOEXEC.
  - 0009-Fix-double-frees.patch, 0017-Double-free-in-i2o_ECPublicKey.patch
    fix various double frees (from upstream)
  - 012-Fix-eckey_priv_encode.patch eckey_priv_encode should
    return an error inmediately on failure of i2d_ECPrivateKey (from upstream)
  - 0001-Axe-builtin-printf-implementation-use-glibc-instead.patch
    From libressl, modified to work on linux systems that do not have
    funopen() but fopencookie() instead.
    Once upon a time, OS didn't have snprintf, which caused openssl to
    bundle a *printf implementation. We know better nowadays, the glibc
    implementation has buffer overflow checking, has sane failure modes
    deal properly with threads, signals..etc..
  - build with -fno-common as well.
* Mon May 05 2014
  - Fixed bug[ bnc#876282], CVE-2014-0198 openssl: OpenSSL NULL pointer dereference in do_ssl3_write
    Add file: CVE-2014-0198.patch
* Sun Apr 20 2014
  - Build everything with full RELRO (-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now)
  - Remove -fstack-protector from the hardcoded build options
    it is already in RPM_OPT_FLAGS and is replaced by
    - fstack-protector-strong with gcc 4.9
* Sun Apr 20 2014
  - Remove the "gmp" and "capi" shared engines, nobody noticed
    but they are just dummies that do nothing.
* Sat Apr 19 2014
  - Use enable-rfc3779 to allow projects such as
    to work in openSUSE and match the functionality
    available in Debian/Fedora/etc
* Sat Apr 19 2014
  - openssl-buffreelistbug-aka-CVE-2010-5298.patch fix
    CVE-2010-5298 and disable the internal BUF_FREELISTS
    functionality. it hides bugs like heartbleed and is
    there only for systems on which malloc() free() are slow.
  - ensure we export MALLOC_CHECK and PERTURB during the test
    suite, now that the freelist functionality is disabled it
    will help to catch bugs before they hit users.
* Sat Apr 19 2014
  - openssl-libssl-noweakciphers.patch do not offer "export"
    or "low" quality ciphers by default. using such ciphers
    is not forbidden but requires an explicit request
* Fri Apr 18 2014
  - openssl-gcc-attributes.patch: fix thinko, CRYPTO_realloc_clean does
    not return memory of "num * old_num" but only "num" size
    fortunately this function is currently unused.
* Fri Apr 11 2014
  - openssl-gcc-attributes.patch
    * annotate memory allocation wrappers with attribute(alloc_size)
      so the compiler can tell us if it knows they are being misused
    * OPENSSL_showfatal is annotated with attribute printf to detect
      format string problems.
  - It is time to try to disable SSLv2 again, it was tried a while
    ago but broke too many things, nowadays Debian, Ubuntu, the BSDs
    all have disabled it, most components are already fixed.
    I will fix the remaining fallout if any. (email me)
* Tue Apr 08 2014
  - update to 1.0.1g:
    * fix for critical TLS heartbeat read overrun (CVE-2014-0160) (bnc#872299)
    * Fix for Recovering OpenSSL ECDSA Nonces (CVE-2014-0076) (bnc#869945)
    * Workaround for the "TLS hang bug" (see FAQ and PR#2771)
  - remove CVE-2014-0076.patch
  - openssl.keyring: upstream changed to:
    pub  4096R/FA40E9E2 2005-03-19 Dr Stephen N Henson <>
    uid                            Dr Stephen Henson <>
    uid                            Dr Stephen Henson <>
* Tue Mar 25 2014
  - Fix bug[ bnc#869945] CVE-2014-0076: openssl: Recovering OpenSSL ECDSA Nonces Using the FLUSH+RELOAD Cache Side-channel Attack
    Add file: CVE-2014-0076.patch
* Mon Mar 03 2014
  - additional changes required for FIPS validation( from Fedora repo)
    Add patch file: openssl-1.0.1e-new-fips-reqs.patch
* Sat Jan 11 2014
  - Remove GCC option "-O3" for compiliation issue of ARM version
    Modify: openssl.spec
* Fri Jan 10 2014
  - Adjust the installation path( libopenssl/hmac into /lib or /lib64)
    Modify files: README-FIPS.txt openssl.spec
* Thu Jan 09 2014
  - 1.0.1f:
    * Fix for TLS record tampering bug CVE-2013-4353
  - already included:
    * Fix for TLS version checking bug CVE-2013-6449
    * Fix for DTLS retransmission bug CVE-2013-6450
  - removed patches:
    * CVE-2013-6449.patch, committed upstream
    * CVE-2013-6450.patch, committed upstream
    * SSL_get_certificate-broken.patch, committed upstream
    * openssl-1.0.1e-bnc822642.patch, committed upstream
  - modified patches:
    * openssl-1.0.1e-fips.patch, adjust for upstream changes
    * openssl-fix-pod-syntax.diff, adjust for upstream changes
* Wed Jan 08 2014
  - add a gpg keyring for source tarball
* Wed Jan 08 2014
  - Fixed bnc#857850, openssl doesn't load engine
    Modify file: openssl.spec
* Thu Jan 02 2014
  - Fixed bnc#857203, openssl: crash in DTLS renegotiation after packet loss
    Add file: CVE-2013-6450.patch
* Sun Dec 22 2013
  - Fixed bnc#856687, openssl: crash when using TLS 1.2
    Add file: CVE-2013-6449.patch
* Tue Dec 17 2013
  - compression_methods_switch.patch: setenv might not be successful
    if a surrounding library or application filters it, like e.g. sudo.
    As setenv() does not seem to be useful anyway, remove it.
* Mon Dec 16 2013
  - Adjust the installation path.
    Modify files: README-FIPS.txt openssl.spec
* Fri Dec 06 2013
  - don't own /etc/ssl/certs, it's owned by ca-certificates
* Tue Dec 03 2013
  - Actually enable it (in a building way) for openSUSE and SLES,
    as we intended.
  - Add README-FIPS.txt from SLE 11.
* Mon Dec 02 2013
  - Restrict the (broken beyond build) FIPS certification code
    to SLE releases only, it has no value in openSUSE at all.
* Sat Nov 23 2013
  - Patches for OpenSSL FIPS-140-2/3 certification
    Add patch files: openssl-1.0.1e-fips.patch, openssl-1.0.1e-fips-ec.patch,
* Wed Oct 23 2013
  - 0001-libcrypto-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch
    This patch implements the libcrpto part complimentary to
    This patch is however not 100% complete, as some private library
    symbols are declared in public headers that shall not be touched
    or are defined/declared in "perlasm". (tested in 13.1, 12.3, factory)
  - openSSL defaults to -O3 optimization level but we override
    it with RPM_OPT_FLAGS, ensure we use -O3 like upstream.
* Fri Oct 11 2013
  - openssl-1.0.1c-ipv6-apps.patch:
    Support ipv6 in the openssl s_client / s_server commandline app.
* Fri Sep 27 2013
  - VPN openconnect problem (DTLS handshake failed)
    (git 9fe4603b8, bnc#822642, openssl ticket#2984)
* Wed Sep 04 2013
  - Fix armv6l arch (armv7 was previously used to build armv6 which
    lead to illegal instruction when used)
* Mon Aug 12 2013
  - Fix bug[ bnc#832833] openssl ssl_set_cert_masks() is broken
    modify patch file: SSL_get_certificate-broken.patch
* Fri Aug 09 2013
  - Via padlock is only found in x86 and x86_64 CPUs, remove
    the shared module for other archs.
* Wed Aug 07 2013
  - Cleanup engines that are of no use in a modern linux distro
  - The following engines stay:
    * --> usable in case you have third party /dev/crypto
    * --> may help to doing some maths using GMP
    * --> implements the GOST block cipher
    * --> VIA padlock support
  - Al other are removed because they require third party propietary
    shared libraries nowhere to be found or that we can test.
* Wed Aug 07 2013
  - openssl-pkgconfig.patch: Here we go.. For applications
    to benefit fully of features provided by openSSL engines
    (rdrand, aes-ni..etc) either builtin or in DSO form applications
    have to call ENGINE_load_builtin_engines() or OPENSSL_config()
    unfortunately from a total of 68 apps/libraries linked to libcrypto
    in a desktop system, only 4 do so, and there is a sea of buggy
    code that I dont feel like fixing.
    Instead we can pass -DOPENSSL_LOAD_CONF in the pkgconfig files
    so the needed operation becomes implicit the next time such apps
    are recompiled, see OPENSSL_config(3)
    Unfortunately this does not fix everything, because there are apps
    not using pkgconfig or using it incorrectly, but it is a good start.
* Wed Aug 07 2013
  - add openssl-1.0.1c-default-paths.patch:
    Fix from Fedora for openssl s_client not setting
    CApath by default
* Sat Aug 03 2013
  - 0005-libssl-Hide-library-private-symbols.patch: hide
    private symbols, this *only* applies to libssl where
    it is straightforward to do so as applications should
    not be using any of the symbols declared/defined in headers
    that the library does not install.
    A separate patch MAY be provided in the future for libcrypto
    where things are much more complicated and threfore requires
    careful testing.
* Mon Jul 29 2013
  - compression_methods_switch.patch: Disable compression by default to
    avoid the CRIME attack (CVE-2012-4929 bnc#793420)
    Can be override by setting environment variable
* Tue Jul 02 2013
  - Don't use the legacy /etc/ssl/certs directory anymore but rather
    the p11-kit generated /var/lib/ca-certificates/openssl one
    (fate#314991, openssl-1.0.1e-truststore.diff)
* Sat Jun 29 2013
  - Build enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128, ecdh is many times faster
    but only works in x86_64.
    According to the openSSL team
    "it is superior to the default in multiple regards (speed, and also
    security as the new implementations are secure against timing
    It is not enabled by default due to the build system being unable
    to detect if the compiler supports __uint128_t.
* Thu Jun 20 2013
  - pick openssl-fix-pod-syntax.diff out of the upstream RT to fix
    build with perl 5.18
* Sat May 25 2013
  - add %if tag for BuildArch. sles may also need latest openssl.
* Fri Feb 22 2013
  - disable fstack-protector on aarch64
* Tue Feb 12 2013
  - Update to 1.0.1e
    o Bugfix release (bnc#803004)
  - Drop openssl-1.0.1d-s3-packet.patch, included upstream
* Sun Feb 10 2013
  - Added openssl-1.0.1d-s3-packet.patch from upstream, fixes
    bnc#803004, openssl ticket#2975
* Tue Feb 05 2013
  - update to version 1.0.1d, fixing security issues
    o Fix renegotiation in TLS 1.1, 1.2 by using the correct TLS version.
    o Include the fips configuration module.
    o Fix OCSP bad key DoS attack CVE-2013-0166
    o Fix for SSL/TLS/DTLS CBC plaintext recovery attack CVE-2013-0169
    o Fix for TLS AESNI record handling flaw CVE-2012-2686
* Mon Nov 12 2012
  - fix bug[bnc#784994] - VIA padlock support on 64 systems
    e_padlock: add support for x86_64 gcc
* Sun Aug 19 2012
  - Open Internal file descriptors with O_CLOEXEC, leaving
    those open across fork()..execve() makes a perfect
    vector for a side-channel attack...
* Tue Aug 07 2012
  - fix build on armv5 (bnc#774710)
* Thu May 10 2012
  - Update to version 1.0.1c for the complete list of changes see
    NEWS, this only list packaging changes.
  - Drop aes-ni patch, no longer needed as it is builtin in openssl
  - Define GNU_SOURCE and use -std=gnu99 to build the package.
  - Use LFS_CFLAGS in platforms where it matters.
* Fri May 04 2012
  - don't install any demo or expired certs at all
* Mon Apr 23 2012
  - update to latest stable verison 1.0.0i
    including the following patches:
* Tue Mar 27 2012
  - fix bug[bnc#749735] - Memory leak when creating public keys.
    fix bug[bnc#751977] - CMS and S/MIME Bleichenbacher attack
* Thu Mar 22 2012
  - fix bug[bnc#751946] - S/MIME verification may erroneously fail
* Wed Mar 21 2012
  - fix bug[bnc#749213]-Free headers after use in error message
    and bug[bnc#749210]-Symmetric crypto errors in PKCS7_decrypt
* Tue Mar 20 2012
  - license update: OpenSSL
* Fri Feb 24 2012
  - fix bug[bnc#748738] - Tolerate bad MIME headers in openssl's
    asn1 parser.
* Thu Feb 02 2012
  - Update to version 1.0.0g fix the following:
    DTLS DoS attack (CVE-2012-0050)
* Wed Jan 11 2012
  - Update to version 1.0.0f fix the following:
    DTLS Plaintext Recovery Attack (CVE-2011-4108)
    Uninitialized SSL 3.0 Padding (CVE-2011-4576)
    Malformed RFC 3779 Data Can Cause Assertion Failures (CVE-2011-4577)
    SGC Restart DoS Attack (CVE-2011-4619)
    Invalid GOST parameters DoS Attack (CVE-2012-0027)
* Tue Oct 18 2011
  - AES-NI: Check the return value of Engine_add()
    if the ENGINE_add() call fails: it ends up adding a reference
    to a freed up ENGINE which is likely to subsequently contain garbage
    This will happen if an ENGINE with the same name is added multiple
    times,for example different libraries. [bnc#720601]
* Sat Oct 08 2011
  - Build with -DSSL_FORBID_ENULL so servers are not
    able to use the NULL encryption ciphers (Those offering no
    encryption whatsoever).
* Wed Sep 07 2011
  - Update to openssl 1.0.0e fixes CVE-2011-3207 and CVE-2011-3210
    see for details.
* Sat Aug 06 2011
  - Add upstream patch that calls ENGINE_register_all_complete()
    in ENGINE_load_builtin_engines() saving us from adding dozens
    of calls to such function to calling applications.
* Fri Aug 05 2011
  - remove -fno-strict-aliasing from CFLAGS no longer needed
    and is likely to slow down stuff.
* Mon Jul 25 2011
  - Edit baselibs.conf to provide libopenssl-devel-32bit too
* Fri Jun 24 2011
  - update to latest stable version 1.0.0d.
    patch removed(already in the new package):
    patch added:
* Tue May 31 2011
  - fix bug[bnc#693027].
    Add protection against ECDSA timing attacks as mentioned in the paper
    by Billy Bob Brumley and Nicola Tuveri, see:
    [Billy Bob Brumley and Nicola Tuveri]
* Mon May 16 2011
  - added openssl as dependency in the devel package
* Thu Feb 10 2011
  - fix bug [bnc#670526]
    CVE-2011-0014,OCSP stapling vulnerability
* Sat Jan 15 2011
  - Add patch from upstream in order to support AES-NI instruction
    set present on current Intel and AMD processors
* Mon Jan 10 2011
  - enable -DPURIFY to avoid valgrind errors.
* Thu Dec 09 2010
  - update to stable version 1.0.0c.
    patch included:
* Thu Nov 18 2010
  - fix bug [bnc#651003]
* Sat Sep 25 2010
  - fix bug [bnc#629905]
* Wed Jul 28 2010
  - Exclude static libraries, see what breaks and fix that
* Wed Jun 30 2010
  - fix two compile errors on SPARC
* Tue Jun 15 2010
  - -fstack-protector is not supported on hppa
* Fri Jun 04 2010
  - fix bnc #610642
* Mon May 31 2010
  - fix bnc #610223,change Configure to tell openssl to load engines
    from /%{_lib} instead of %{_libdir}
* Mon May 10 2010
  - Do not compile in build time but use mtime of changes file instead.
    This allows build-compare to identify that no changes have happened.
* Tue May 04 2010
  - build libopenssl to /%{_lib} dir,and keep only one
    libopenssl-devel for new developping programs.
* Tue Apr 27 2010
  - build libopenssl and libopenssl-devel to a version directory
* Sat Apr 24 2010
  - buildrequire pkg-config to fix provides
* Wed Apr 21 2010
  - also create old certificate hash in /etc/ssl/certs for
    compatibility with applications that still link against 0.9.8
* Mon Apr 12 2010
  - Disable our own build targets, instead use the openSSL provided ones
    as they are now good (or should be good at least).
  - add -Wa,--noexecstack to the Configure call, this is the upstream
    approved way to avoid exec-stack marking
* Mon Apr 12 2010
  - update to 1.0.0
    Merge the following patches from 0.9.8k:
* Fri Apr 09 2010
  - fixed "exectuable stack" for issue on i586 by
    adjusting the assembler output during MMX builds.
* Wed Apr 07 2010
  - Openssl is now partially converted to libdir usage upstream,
    merge that in to fix lib64 builds.
* Thu Mar 25 2010
  - fix security bug [bnc#590833]
* Mon Mar 22 2010
  - update to version 0.9.8m
    Merge the following patches from 0.9.8k:
* Fri Feb 05 2010
  - build openssl for sparc64
* Mon Dec 14 2009
  - add baselibs.conf as a source
  - package documentation as noarch
* Tue Nov 03 2009
  - updated patches to apply with fuzz=0
* Tue Sep 01 2009
  - fix Bug [bnc#526319]
* Wed Aug 26 2009
  - use %patch0 for Patch0
* Fri Jul 03 2009
  - update to version 0.9.8k
  - patches merged upstream:
* Tue Jun 30 2009
  - fix security bug [bnc#509031]
* Tue Jun 30 2009
  - fix security bug [bnc#504687]
* Wed Apr 15 2009
  - fix security bug [bnc#489641]

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20 Locust Track, Ocala, FL, 34472
Youth Hunting Program of Florida

The Youth Hunting Program of Florida is designed to introduce more young people to hunting and conse ...

Age: 12-17 years


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Brown Monk Strap Slipons For Men-FunkyTradition - FunkyTradition
Brown Monk Strap Slipons For Men-FunkyTradition - FunkyTradition
Brown Monk Strap Slipons For Men-FunkyTradition - FunkyTradition

Brown Monk Strap Slipons For Men-FunkyTradition

Regular price Rs. 4,599.00 Sale price Rs. 1,999.00
Shipping calculated at checkout.

Buy Brown Monk Strap Slipons For Men-FunkyTradition

    •  Handcrafted using finest quality Italian Tan Leather which makes it so comfortable and classy. An opulent pair for any dapper gent, these loafers have been luxuriously crafted perfect for elegant evening events and nights out.
    • ✔ Genuine Leather used inside as lining for extra grip and comfort. Our every shoe is passed through multiple levels of quality control and quality correction so that every part of the shoe is perfect from Sole to Aglet. Each colour is tried and tested be it any weather dry, humid, hot or cold, it can be assured the colour of the shoe remains as vibrant as on the day of finishing.
    • ✔ Handmade leather sole for a premium look and durability. Leather sole allows an incredibly comfortable and stable structure. The thickness of the sole is optimal which allows shock absorption.
    • The added monk strap to the design adds a touch of class to it. Be it a mid-day meeting hustle or a hunt for rugged sophistication to go along with your party night attire, all that your style calls for you will be ready for every occasion.
    • CARE INSTRUCTIONS : Clean your shoes with leather cleaner or leather shampoo, and use a good quality brush to remove loose surface dirt; if your shoes are wet after cleaning, let them air-dry before you proceed with the next step; dry shoes in room temperature only and never expose them to the sun, heat from the sun will cause the leather to shrink, wrinkle, harden, dry, and crack.

    We love our customers and hence covering almost whole nation with our logistic partner, We are offering service at,

    1- International

    We Ship to over 220+ countries across the globe with leading courier partners such as DHL, FedEx, and Aramex etc.

    2- National

    Prepaid - 26,000 Pin Codes Covered Pan India

    Cash on Delivery- 9000 Pin Codes Covered Pan India

    3- Shipping Partners-

    We understand that every order is a gift to yourself or your love ones,to ensure safety of your gift we are working with leading courier company which deliver fast and safely,

    4- Delivery Time and Shipping Charges

    Location Time

    India 4-8 Working Days Free above 499 INR order.
    International 4-10 Working Days As decide on checkout.

    “If you can’t stop thinking about it. BUY IT.”

    At FunkyTradition- Buy Now and Pay Later features we believe money should not be a reason to buy happiness. Hence, we have tied up with Sezzle, ePayLater, LazyPay, Ola Postpaid, Paytm Postpaid and Simpl which offers interest free credit for 14 days and pay at your convenience. Make multiple purchases and pay for all of them in one go.

    *How to use?

    Buy now, pay later.

    Split your entire online purchase into 4 interest-free payments, over 6 weeks with no impact to your credit.

    Here's how to Sezzle

    Step 1 - shop the store

    Shop and add items to your cart as normal!

    Step 2 - checkout at the store

    Choose Sezzle at Checkout! You’ll be redirected to Sezzle to Sign Up or Log In to complete your order.

    Step 3 - Select Sezzle and Sezzleit

    Your order will be shipped out right away* and your payments will be split up over 6 weeks.

    *shipping times subject to merchant shipping policy

    2- ePaylater,  Ola Money and LazyPay

    3- Simpl,  ICICI Pay Later

    4- Cardless EMI

    We are super committed to delivery your order asap. However, due to the onset of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), our ordering and delivery policies have been slightly tweaked starting from March 2021. Please see below:

    1. You will be able to place your orders 24/7.
    2. Prepay methods like credit card / debit card / digital wallet / bank transfer are preferred and available for all locations in India. Prepaid orders are also shipped on high priority.
    3. Cash-on-delivery (COD) is not  available at the moment.
    4. If there are delivery restrictions of any sort imposed by the government, we will ship your order after such restrictions are lifted. To clarify:
      1. Declaration of a curfew or partial restriction or full restriction or partial lockdown or full lockdown or containment zone or micro containment zone.
      2. Restrictions could be at our location (Maharashtra) or at your location or city or state or union territory.
      3. Restrictions could be imposed by local municipal corporations, district collectors, state governments or the central government.
    5. All requests for returns and replacements will be processed only after lifting of restrictions as mentioned above.
    6. Our customer services team will be fully operational and will respond to your emails but please note due to limited staff there might be delayed in response.

    Placing orders and operations:

    Our store is currently taking order normally so you can continue shopping for your favorite products to help us pay our rent and employee salaries and help us allocate funds. We are shipping the orders with limited staff.

    How we are helping?

    We are donating all our orders profit from March to provide Medicine, Injection, PPE Kit, Oxygen and other materials to needy people fighting with COVID-19. All our staff are working on ground level to do the best we can.

    We are providing a huge discount on all our products till lock down. So You can get an extra 10% discount, Use coupon Code- FTCARE and help us collect more fund to help people.

    How you can help?

    You may continue to shop online normally and ask your friends and relatives to shop from us so as to support our passionate team of our executives , warehouse helpers and volunteers working on ground level to help the people fighting from COVID-19 who depend on us in these hard times to pay their salaries and fund to buy the safety kit and medicine.

     Every refund request will make our mission weak to help more people. :(

    Why we are doing this?

    Someone says Business should help people solve the problem but in current situation the business should help people save their lives and we are trying our small contribution.

    Be assured, we are doing our best to deliver the product as soon as possible with our best logistics partner.

    Although our customer service champions are working from home, we request you to reach out only if absolutely necessary and not keep following up on orders because:

    Your order will be shipped and delivered, if not now then after some days due to delay in delivery because of lock down. Nothing will stop that.

    Together we will fight the situation. Stay home, stay safe <3

    We appreciate your patience and understanding in this difficult time. Together we will fight. :)

     For any other query, please e-mail us at

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text:
Rejection and Acceptance

Seniors have gotten their letters now. Some are happy, some not so happy, some are wondering what they did wrong. Some parents are wondering what I did wrong. (Not all of them, but some…They’re the ones that I hear from the most, unfortunately. Happy parents tend to be happy on their own.) The kids take the decisions philosophically, for the most part. In fact I admire their resilience and matter of fact-ness when confronted with the hard, cold facts. It’s a long slog to this point and most of them have good choices. Some are lucky although they don’t necessarily know that. In this climate, where many schools this year reported twenty percent and higher increases in applicants, you could say they’re ALL lucky. (Swarthmore had a 28% rise, RPI Doubled its pool…Even a 10% rise is significant, especially when coupled with a decrease in acceptances, which some schools also reported due to slight overenrollments last year.)

It’s probably the hardest part of my job to try explaining results to parents who, understandably, are less concerned with national trends than with whether their children have gotten what they want. And there’s the rub: Too often, it seems that parents aren’t satisfied that their children have gotten into excellent schools, but are instead upset that they haven’t gotten into their FIRST CHOICE school. As I’ve said before, I work in a fairly rarified environment, so my viewpoint is skewed, but I think there’s a connection to the larger social trend of getting one’s children exactly what they want. This works fine for consumer goods like cars, toys, computer games and so on, but not for college. No one looks at your qualifications when you go to buy Bonestorm II for your X-Box.

Complicating this situation is the problem that a student can fit a college’s published student profile exactly or even better, and still not get in. We’re brought up to think that our effort and adherence to the rules will get us where we want to go, but college admission doesn’t work that way. You can do everything “right” and still not get in to your “dream” school. The most competitive schools love to say how they could fill their freshman class several times over with valedictorians and perfect-SAT-scorers, but that doesn’t really help anyone.

The only time this really hurts, though, is when a student and/or parents have been working toward admission to one particular school, doing all the strategizing, scheming, and “gaming” they can to reach the desired result. Even though for some schools there’s a 90% chance of failure, that doesn’t matter. I still get calls demanding to know why Johnny or Janey didn’t get into Heavenly U. Unfortunately, if the student fits the profile, I have no good answer, and didn’t when I worked on the other side of the desk, either: There’s nothing wrong, most often plenty right, in the application; we simply didn’t have enough room for everyone. Sometimes a waitlisted or rejected student might even have briefly been in the accepted pile, but the vagaries of the numbers pulled him out again…

As I’ve said, most kids take the decisions philosophically. If they’ve gone through the process with open eyes, they know they took some chances and could only hope for the best. Those who really do come through well are those who decided early on they could be happy just about anywhere, and who know that it is THEY, not the institution, that will determine the success of their college lives and beyond. Those who pinned all their hopes on one institution have a tougher road: They’ve unwittingly tied their self-worth to the judgment of that institution and very often their parents have done the same thing, like overbearing parents at sports events or backstage mothers and fathers who have tied their own self-worth to their children’s success. An acceptance to the “right” college is like a seal of approval for their parenting over the years. Since I also work with an inner-city school where actually GOING to college is an achievement I don’t have a lot of sympathy for these parents, although I try to see things from their point of view. (And this is another facet of the increasingly commercialized logo-conscious society we now live in. Another entry…)

The best evidence of my rarified environment comes when a kid who didn’t get into the Ivy League mopes that “I only got into my backup schools: Hopkins, Carleton, and the University of Chicago.” Well, I can’t really take that too seriously. We as a school should try not to give our students such an inflated view of themselves, even if they get it from home. I like my kids and do my best to support them 100%, but at some point you have to say, “You got a great selection there; I hope you appreciate that.” And I have plenty of kids who are in fact, happy that they’ve been accepted at small schools no one’s ever heard of or simply where they feel they’ll fit in. These kids have chosen wisely and with some genuine thoughtfulness about themselves and their lives. I think these kids will have the best futures ahead of them because they’re resilient, understanding, and mature in their outlooks, in contrast to the kids who think that only one institution or life choice will do. They tend to be inflexible, unable to deal with uncertainty, and easily frustrated. They will have a harder life, I think, because they haven’t yet learned that the world revolves with or without them; the flexible kids take that knowledge in stride and make the best of it.

College admission is sort of a mug’s game: You can’t ever really know what you’re getting when you plunk your money and your “self” down. You have to trust in the imponderables too much if you settle on one place too firmly. You can try to pick the red ace, but it’s probably not going to happen even if you’re a genius (or just think you are). But if you allow yourself to float on the waves of fate, thinking that you’ll reach a friendly shore one way or another, you can be happy no matter what happens in the short run. That means thinking broadly about yourself and your abilities, desires, and future. We never know what’s going to happen to us: No matter how tightly we plan our lives, we can trip over an ottoman and break our necks on the way to accept the Nobel Prize. A certain amount of resignation regarding the randomness of life could help a great deal in the college admission process.

About Will Dix

I am currently writing a book about college admission. I'm interested in the intersection of the college process and American culture. I attended Amherst College in the 1970s, taught high school English and theater at The Hill School in the '80s, returned to Amherst in the '90s as an admission dean, and began the '00s as a college counselor at the University of Chicago Laboratory School. I then joined Chicago Scholars as Program Director. Currently, I blog about college admission for I also help community organizations serving low income students understand the college admission process so more students can consider gaining access to higher education. I have a few private college counseling clients that I take by referral only. The views expressed in this blog are mine alone.
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