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Home » Podcast Blog » Chiropractors & Body Mass Index | El Paso, TX (2021)

Chiropractors & Body Mass Index | El Paso, TX (2021)

In today’s podcast, Dr. Alex Jimenez DC* and Dr. Mario Ruja DC* explained what is basal metabolic rate, BMI, and BIA to the body as well as how different tools can be used to measure body fat and help a person’s overall health and wellness.

Basal Metabolic Rate

[00:00:03] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: All right. It’s Mario and Alex’s time, and it is the two favorite chiropractors for El Paso.

[00:00:18] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: Functional medicine, Alex.

[00:00:20] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: That’s what we’re going to do.

[00:00:21] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: Functional Medicine 2020.

[00:00:25] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: We’re going to be focusing on BMI, and we’re going to be focusing on everything. Mario, my awesome co-host here, we’re tearing it up. We’re going to give some points of view, and we will discuss certain things today. Today, our focus will be on anthropometric measurements and measuring the body composition, rationale, and interpretation.

[00:00:49] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: I’m afraid of that. All right. I’m scared of measurements, Alex. I’m telling you right now, and I don’t want measurements around my body. OK? Thank you.

[00:01:01] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Yeah, Mario, we got to get the little. We got a little knowledge here, OK? Hey, well, we’re not going to do we’re not going to try to make this boring. So if you want to see dull, I think we have plenty of examples of what boring looks like. Yeah. Have you seen those boring guys, Mario? You know, it’s like any measurement of what’s going on over here.

[00:01:23] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: OK, you know what, I can go to sleep with that one, Alex.

[00:01:37] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: That’s what I’m talking about.

[00:01:38] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: I can go to sleep and just shut it off. But you know, learning has to be fun, and it has to be interactive, and it has to be functional. So that’s what we are going to be talking about today.

[00:01:50] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: I agree. So what we’re going to do is we’re going to try to bring the facts as they can be, and we’re going to try to get it with a little bit of slapstick fun. So it’s going to be fun. Mario, tell me a bit of your interpretation of BMI as how people understand basal metabolic rate.

[00:02:08] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: Well, this is what I understand and what I hear about basal metabolic rate. The bottom line is, can you put your belt around your pants? And can you tuck your shirt? And how about that?

[00:02:28] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: You know, you are right.

[00:02:28] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: That’s pretty scientific, right there.

[00:02:30] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: That is scientific, and we could talk pear. We could speak of apple sizes. Apple-shaped body types. And but we don’t want to get specific here because people want to know, OK, well, what’s going on?

[00:02:40] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: Let’s get started.

Dr. Alex Jimenez explains what basal metabolic rate is.

[00:02:41] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Let’s go. One of the things that we can do is we can start discussing calculating energy requirements because one of the things that we want to see, as you can see, I put up here a little bit of fact so that it can help us out a little bit in terms of figuring out what’s the best approach in terms of what we do. Now you can tell here that sedentary, you know, exercise is what we want to talk about the basal metabolic rate. OK, this is a measurement that has occurred by height and weight index. So it comes out to that number, and we can start looking at calorie caloric intake burn. But when we do a BMR and calculate this number, we typically want to get about a one-point two. And that’s what would be expected in most situations. If you’re sedentary light activity, we start noticing an increased activity expenditure, and BMR should be a one-point three seventy-five. If you are moderately active, you should start doing that. So in its interpretation, Mario, when you see these kinds of things and these kinds of figures, what does it bring to mind for you in terms of these numbers? As we keep on going back to this will be able to see what’s going on; what’s your incentive sense of the rates and the metabolic processes?

[00:03:55] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Well, again, very simple. When you look at it as the more active you are, the higher your metabolic rate is. That’s it. So, we want to put it in very simplistic terms to the public at the end of the day. We want to be more active about that. So science supports that, you know, park the car as far away as possible from the Walmart entrance and your work. So by doing that every day, you are creating a higher function. OK, metabolic, that’s the burn, that’s your whole system burning fuel within yourself, so it’s simple. And the studies are showing that the more active you are, the higher your metabolic rate is. It can go up to one point nine from a one-point two. Correct.

[00:04:53] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Exactly. So what we’re looking at here is that the requirements are going to be pretty high. Suppose you are one of those people that are very active. So ultimately, our goal is to get you as active or what your lifestyle could, you know, require. So you know, if you’re a mechanic, you stay moderately active. If you’re someone who works in, let’s say, an office, your BMR is going to be calculable using these numbers for the body mass index. The whole idea is to try to figure out a body mass index using the BMR. So the BMR rate allows us to give the best estimate as to where your BMR should be. And then, we can use this same number, this BMR, to assess your body mass index. So our goal is to continue learning about this thing. And as we kind of go through that, we look at body measurement types. Now, in the past, what we’ve looked at in terms of this, we assess the body in many different ways. Historically, we’ve been able to do underwater weight assessments. Remember Mario; we used to have a tank, put someone in the water and have them float to measure oxygen consumption. Those were the old methods, the accurate standard way of doing our fat analysis, and it’s pretty expensive sometimes. We use a DEXA test, and the DEXA test is a similar test used for bone density. We can do that. We also have the body pod test historically. Now I know that you have noticed different types of tests, and we’re going to put them up here. What are the tests that you’ve seen other than the ones you’ve known?

[00:06:18] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Alex on that one? When you’re talking about the underwater weighing and DEXA and even the body pod, those are again more research-based, more scientific. Exactly in that. So when you’re looking at that, I look at it from my perspective, you know, what’s functional and what can everyone do? So precisely, skin fold is easy. You know, skinfold and the…

[00:06:50] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: The BIA?

The BIA Tools

[00:06:52] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: BIA and the tanita scale. Yeah, I mean that one electrical impulse is going through, and you’re looking at resistance and impedance. Those are simple. You can buy it from Walmart or anywhere and step on it. Make sure you don’t eat. And make sure you don’t drink before you do your test. So do it early morning, let’s say six seven o’clock on an empty stomach so that you can get some good readings with the scan. And also, you know, skin folds easy. And again, with the BMI, you’re looking at weight divided by twice your height, your height squared. Exactly. That’s kind of like a simplistic view in terms of BMI. Anyone can do it. So those are right now. Those are the standards. Most of the time, you go to your trainer; when you go workout in your CrossFit gym, or what I call a functional gym, people are going into more a functional aspect of fitness. So, they incorporate less wear and tear and trauma. Now they’re looking at skin fold and embody. They even have the new embody systems that are very popular, giving you an excellent ratio even of your hydration, which is nice.

Dr. Alex Jimenez and Dr. Mario Ruja explain the tools that measure BIA.

[00:08:16] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: You know, when you say that when we look at this thing like the Tanita, this scales as you said, you can get them at home, and the BIA is where it’s at. We’re finding that many studies reflect that the BIA shows quite a correlation with accuracy with these more complex underwater weighing and addax attest. So these standards are research-based. You’d always want to maintain some research-based, at least collaborative information that makes sense, right? So now the BIA assessment machines can determine through ohms, through an impedance, through fat analysis, through actually measuring the electrical current throughout the body, a very accurate approach to weight assessment and by, you know, basal metabolic rates. So now the studies are better and more accessible for people, and we don’t have to do some complex things.

[00:09:12] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Yeah. And you know, if you can show everyone the body pod, I think that’s cool. That’s like a cool thing, you know? I mean, look at that. Yeah, that’s cool.

[00:09:26] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: So when you look at a body pod, right, this is an incredible thing, but this is not something you would want to have in your office, right? 30 to $40000, right? Jesus, man.

[00:09:34] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: You know, it’s crazy, I mean, they’re probably looking at you like they should have you on an alien channel or something, but the simple one, if you can scroll up on the BIA. It’s a simple machine, and the readings are fantastic. You know, the readings are excellent. They’re portable, and you can see the resistance level and the phase angle, which is nice because then you’re looking at particular patterns and turns your metabolism.

[00:10:09] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Absolutely. These tests are now available in most clinics, or at least those focusing on functional fitness. We have them at fitness centers, and many fitness centers have them. And you and I are used to using these things in our offices. So as we do these things, as we assess these things, we can give the patients a quantitative point of view that helps them figure out exactly how everyone.

[00:10:40] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  You’re exactly right, Alex. In my work, you know, working with athletes and what I call performance professions. You see, we’re talking about military S.F. Special Forces, Rangers, things like that. It’s all about performance. So in that, we use calipers. You know, those are very useful, easy to use and the ones that I particularly like. Again, with BMI. There are a lot of discrepancies, Alex, and you know, this being, you know, in the world of bodybuilding and athletics, and all of our kids are athletes, I mean, they’re that’s just part of the family structure. So we got to know you’ve got to run, jump, catch a ball, kick a ball, or do something right. So the point is that I have found out that the BMI is not very accurate, not very accurate at all, Alex, when it comes down to athletes, right? So this is where the discrepancy comes in, where it gets crazy because now you go to a regular assessment, a regular assessment, or I don’t want to say, regular doctor. Still, you know your doctor, and then he’ll test your BMI and you, you’re going to be off, you’re going to be high, and you’re going to say, you know, you need to get get your BMI lower. Yeah, the point is that the BMI is the mass. So again, muscle is heavier than fat. So, In your environment of bodybuilding, what do you think about that? I mean, because I’m sure it was crazy.

Dr. Alex Jimenez explains BMR.

[00:12:27] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Well, one of the things that I have been able to see over the years is that when you have someone as we understand this, that the BMR is the thing that we’re using to assess that we’re using height and we’re using weight. But those numbers get skewed when you have an athlete, and they don’t work well for the muscular individual. I mean my son, for example, he was one hundred ninety-five pounds, five foot eight. In all reality, he’s clinically obese. Yet he’s shredded and ripped in, and he was a national champion in wrestling and had no body fat. So the caliper method, the BMR, the BMI based on height and weight has deficiencies, and that’s where the BIA came in and the body impedance assessment. That’s where these studies became very popular. And as we see, Mario, in essence, when we look at these situations, we find out that there are great assessment tools out there. These tools are the ones that are going to give us the ability to kind of come up with an accurate for an extensive range of individuals, whether they’re bodybuilders, whether they’re women. There’s a standard between, you know, a good 13 percent body fat and 29 percent body fat for females. Women typically have a more significant number of between 18 and 29 percent body fat. At times, that’s a range that is kind of in there, so hopefully, they can stick around 22 to 24 boys in the 13 range just because the body density is different in a female right. So what we look at is what the norm is? We can try to calibrate people for their numbers to make sense for that individual and work them towards it because a true athlete will be able almost to blow the BMR BMI into the wrong number skew. And if we can get it to a nice number, we will have to use many different tools. Now we’re going to present our ideas and fundamental philosophies, and knowledge points that we use to determine actual proper health. So we’re going to discuss those particular issues, and we’re going to go over those specific areas now. The BIA is the body impedance, OK, so when we look at the bioimpedance areas, we can see that these tests are affordable, but they determine the electrical current. And because of the body amount of muscle fat and the fat that occurs, we’re using the fat as kind of like the thing that allows us to assess body dynamics as well as body density, right? So as there are more impedance or more ohms or more resistance in the body, the greater the body fat, these tests must be done correctly. Many times before you do a BIA, you’ve got to not, you know, take, first of all, you got to be dry, OK? Because if you’re sweating, it throws it off, right? If you’re eating too much or too many fluids. So typically, you try to keep away from eating foods, drinking too many fluids, and you try to get this thing to work. So resistance, as we look at it, is the thing that we’re trying to measure. So one of the things is that when you look at these graphs, you see low resistance associated with large amounts of body fat mass, which is where the body is stored, right? So when we look at this, this is one of the areas we can kind of put together when we look at the resistance numbers now as we look at different angles. Let’s say we got the phase angles. We also look at the ability. This is the new number assessing the intracellular and extracellular activity and the permeability of the cells. OK, now as we range this, they’re looking at ranges between zero and 20 percent. But the higher the phase angle, the higher the number where it pops, the better it is for the individual, the lower it is. It’s not as good. So what we want to do is see where your phase angle is, and we want to assess it as it gets calculated. So one of the things that we look at, we assess this and the tools that we use, such as the BIA assessment, such as the embodied testing systems, we can determine the ranges for the individuals. But here’s where, where, where things make sense. But in general, when you look at this, Mario, what is your take from when we assess this particular type of fundamental research technology we can apply to athletes? Your daughters are athletes, right? And do you what you have used in the past for this?

[00:17:10] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Usually, one day when they go into programs, I mean, they’re super fit, first of all. So they’re looking more at anywhere between like performance in terms of speed, agility, and sustainability. Right? Like, you know, vertical in terms of explosiveness, those types of things in and the area of recovery and energy. This is where I can tell you that even the girls and boys focused on energy consistency. OK. And I can see, even with this, which is critical. The phase angle again, the lower the phase angle, shows the cell’s inability to store the energy. So that’s why that storage of energy, Alex, is critical because that is where we get the maximum output. Everyone is talking about performance, and performance is about what output. So if that cell, if that cell cannot store the energy, it cannot release the energy and perform. So these are excellent markers; I would say that with the latest technology, we need to use them, and we need to have benchmarks where it’s not just generalities. Often, we talk about generalities; how do you do when I’m doing good? You know, I had a good workout. What does it mean to have a good workout, and what does it mean to have a great workout? The difference is to show me proof. Show me results. It’s all about results. So the better, I guess, a good takeaway. A good assessment for people looks at. Number one, go to a professional and get your BMR and BMI done. That’s number one. And use the equipment. And the specifics so you can mark and assess them afterward. If you don’t have a straight baseline, a pre, you will not have a post. And this is the same thing in performance. If you don’t have your electronic time to track your pre, then your post is meaningless. You don’t know where you’re going. So for a lot of the performance, you know, to me, life is performance. You’re going to have to perform either at work or home, or you’re going to perform an on on the field, whatever that may be on a mat, on a field. When you’re sports, it’s about keeping track of markers, your pre and post that way, and you know where you’re going, and you know your performance in our world. We love scores. Just imagine going to a game, and you never have a score. We don’t keep score. We just want to have fun. It’s not fun anymore, right? So, for the things that we’re covering today in terms of the instruments, the methods of measuring body composition from professional decks and water displacement and body parts to skin fold, you know, everyday use that you can buy it at your local Wal-Mart anywhere and do the caliper test. That’s an excellent baseline. And with a lot of the trainers, make sure that when you are training with someone, make sure that they do a baseline, so you know, you know, and they know where you’re at and the performance and the programming. It’s essential to understand programming. There has to be scaling. There has to be a periodicity in that development. And I know when Little Alex was training for state, you know, there has to be a periodicity in wrestling. You can’t just go hard and go home like everybody says, no, you have to have your point of performance, and you’ve got to have your track, your flow to that. When Mia is training for nationals or international competition in tennis, there has to be a plan where she is developing to peak at that time. Is that correct?

[00:22:14] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Yes.

Dr. Mario Ruja explains how waist measurement is reliable.

[00:22:16] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: That’s so critical. And you cannot create that plan to peak at that specific if you’re in the dark in terms of knowing where you’re at. And I think for our listeners and our viewers, and it’s very easy to get. I mean, sometimes people get lost like, oh, you know, BMI. I would venture to say 80 percent of the people listening today who are watching this video have no clue what BMI means. They heard about it, but they have no clue what it is. Yeah, they think it’s some scientific, something alive. No, it’s not. We want to bring it down to earth, down into your living room, where you can do a BMI for your kids. Do it for your husband, your wife. Make sure you know where you’re at. Again, with a BMI and this, you know, refresh my memory. The target is 19 to 20. 19 and 20. Anything beyond that is obesity. If you’re talking about 25 BMI, you’re in the obesity range. If you’re talking about 30, you are morbidly obese, and the word morbidly obese means death that should get everyone’s attention. Oh yes. Yes, it does. Kind of like waking you up. So what we’re looking at is no one understands where you are, then measurements, and also understands that these measurements fit the person’s profile. So if you’re a bodybuilder, if you are very heavy, muscle-bound, OK, then you already know you need to go into impedance. Not measurements. But what I have found out. A very reliable measurement is the measurement for your waist, and that’s where Alex, I want to kind of share this with our listeners and viewers. Just a simple waist measurement is so powerful because some people say it’s better than BMI.

[00:24:29] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: It sure is. Absolutely.

[00:24:30] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  It’s very much that waist measurement gets down and makes it so simple because that abdominal mass that abdominal fat is the one that’s going to kill you. That’s the one that has the highest risk. Is that correct?

[00:24:47] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: That’s correct. And if your belly is wide if it sticks over your of your belt. We got issues, OK? So we noticed that if there’s a certain distance between the chest and the waist, those are better measurements in general. Yeah. So as those numbers are calculated, you don’t need a high-level test to do this. So I like that. So it’s a critical component to look at. But as we advance and we’re dealing with high-performance athletes, people want to know, and you can take a sport like, let’s say, just wrestling, for example, you got these individuals at their best.

[00:25:28] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Or soccer. Soccer is huge.

[00:25:29] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Yeah. We’re dealing with assessing a tight BMI in a tight body mass index. You got to have body fat; you’ve got to have body fat to be able to sustain loads of an exercise routine. You’re going to see that you got some guys with excellent body fat density during the season. And let’s say their weight class is 198, for example, and the guy’s about 215 pounds. Well, if he drops from 215 to 198 overnight, he’s going to be exorbitantly exhausted. And this is something that we’re going to see now. If he slowly works towards the goal towards the arena of 198 over two weeks or better off, let’s assume he gets there to the exact bodyweight 188, and it’s three days before the competition. It’s going to be exhausting, and he’s going to be tired. However, if he can get there two weeks earlier and adapt his body, as his body starts getting better, it will respond better during the loads he needs.

[00:26:34] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: This is what we are talking about, that it needs to be sports specific. Are you following me, Alex? So that same conversation can not be held with a soccer player, a football player, a tennis player, or anything in that what I call extended aerobic exertion of over 10 15 minutes. And this is what’s happening. And I loved it when you said that example with wrestlers. I would say the same goes towards MMA fighters, which is what I take care of. MMA fighters in Pheonix and in different areas that you’re talking about, also boxers. Again, they have to make weight. Though the world of making weight is a beast, that is a world where you have to be on, or you’re going to die. You either go into that fight feeling like a beast, or you’re praying that it ends quickly. And so, yeah, yeah, it is. You got to put him in the first 10 seconds. Yes. So this is where it’s so crucial that you were in a world of analytics and metrics, the training, the measurements, the analytics and metrics, Alex. We’re not in the world of Oh, he looks good. No, we’re past that. We’re way past that.

[00:28:15] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: We’re in the world of making sure that when we compare the athlete, we can measure their changes and every stage down the road as they compete, as they become more and more in tune to that moment of competition, their body changes, their bodies adapt, their bodies become more refined, and as the season gets better or further along in the season towards the competitions, towards the season, towards the heavy loads. Yeah, that’s when we can kind of see how the body’s changing. So these tests can help us determine how the body reacts. And once these competitors have years of competing and during those years, they have off-season and on-seasons, and we need to be able to measure those things easily. That’s what these tests do in terms of tennis. For example, when you’ve done these things, what have you noticed in terms of, let’s say, just the athlete of tennis or even the boxers that you deal with? What have you seen in terms of the specific progression through the season?

[00:29:20] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  It’s critical. And Alex, I can tell you this that it’s not just performance. The other conversation that I think needs to be dialed in is recovery, Alex. OK. And the other one that fits together with recovery is his phase angle.

[00:29:41] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Yeah.

Dr. Mario Ruja discusses how sports are critical for young athletes.

[00:29:41] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Yes and decreasing injuries. Exactly. That’s where it gets crazy because you cannot have this sustainable pattern without recovery. And without that, that specificity and knowing when to push it, want to max out as they say, and when to shut it down or go half speed. And these are conversations that are critical for young athletes, Alex. I see a lot of them, you know, and nowadays they’re starting earlier. They’re starting at six and seven years old, six and seven. Let me tell you, your body hasn’t even woken up to the conversation of sports yet. And they are practicing three times a week, having games every weekend, or some of them practice three times a week with one team and then go with another team and practice the other two days so that they can be at their best peak.

[00:30:50] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Six or seven, Mario? So crazy. What sports are you are dealing with that kids are doing six or seven?

[00:30:56] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: Right now, I have patients doing basketball and track simultaneously. Yeah, and they’re in middle school, and that’s amazing.

[00:31:09] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: This is crazy.

[00:31:09] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Yeah, so this is my question, our question. We’re here to help the community. We’re here to help the parents because their vision is that my little kids will be a superstar, right? He’s going to sign a D1 contract. UT Austin, Texas Tech. Guns up, baby. Yeah, guns up. Or U of A? Yeah, U of A Wildcats.

[00:31:37] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: No.

[00:31:38] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: You know, Wildcats, and I’m thinking, you’re not going to make it past high school. I mean, you’re not going to make it past Mountwood or pass Franklin. I mean, you will hit the wall so hard with repetitive traumas, OK? And so those are the components that to me as a health care provider, as a functional sports medicine cognitive Coach. I mean, I need to teach people this; forget taking care of injuries. I want to teach you so you don’t get injured. It’s critical. And then they go into middle school and high school, and there’s no season off.

[00:32:27] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: So, in your opinion, what have you seen these tests do to help the parent or the athlete or the individual or the coach, for that matter? Understand as a form of betterment for them, what do we get out of these tests regarding the athlete?

Dr. Alex Jimenez and Dr. Mario Ruja explain how the body needs recovery after sports competition.

[00:32:50] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*: Very simple. There’s a time to turn it on and a time to turn it off. OK, so you reach your goal? Rest. OK. You’ve done the tournament, recover, get the recovery, get the mind and body to recover, Alex. A lot of times, we don’t even think about the mind. Yeah, the mind gets beat up in the war; in the battlefield of performance, the mind gets beat up. It affects your sleep pattern. It affects your focus. Emotions, anger management, all of those things. So what I would say is we’re here to share knowledge, tools, and health. But most of all, for performance.

[00:33:44] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Yes.

[00:33:45] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  So that way, each child and each person, let’s say you’re not in middle school and high school. Let’s say you’re in your 20s and 30s, and 40s. Well, you’re performing for life. And so let’s invite everyone to learn more to look up BMI, BMR, all of these and incorporate them into their plan of workouts and challenge them and ask them, When was the last time you got measured? How about that?

[00:34:16] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: We have to teach people that these tests are not, you know, at any point, just one test? You have to follow through these tests for a lifetime to see what’s going on. If you have a center where you can go, and the BIA tests are so simple now that we and the correlation between the highest level of research show that we’re very tight, less than one percent variation from clinical research methods. So we know that the BIAs work in terms of extremity inflammation in terms of joint swelling and the metabolic processes for the mass density in each extremity. So if you have one muscle that is larger on one side due to an injury from the other extremity, we’ll be able to see the changes. So the studies are evident now. We use phase angles to determine health. We use fat analysis. We use the changes and the progression during a very athletic era or a very athletic season is very important to be able to determine so that today we’re starting the children a lot younger. We’re starting them at four or five, six years old as the child has to be around four years old. As long as they can focus and long as he can pay attention, we started active. So it is wise to begin understanding the metabolism methods that we use to calculate body mass index through their ages so that we have a measurement of what’s normal for that particular child. Because what we have to see is what’s suitable for that individual. Specific gravity is another method to determine if you’re cutting down too much. But that’s another topic. This particular issue is, mainly, on the body mass index. We want to bring that to the towns and El Paso, particularly because we have those research capacities here. Specifically, the one that we have liked is the body mass index. So in-body is one of the most top use. They use it at UTEP and the leading research centers, and it’s pretty much a standard now. And yeah, and since we use it, it offers us an ability to assess an individual quickly. I’ve been at UTEP, I’ve seen the types they use, and it’s very accurate. And since we’ve seen the research that it follows, now we know that this stuff is very accurate. And specifically, now you can assess your own and have it online and determine it through methods where you can keep up with your child to see what’s going on. Any other ideas or comments that you have, Mario, in terms of bringing this logic or this kind of approach to understanding basal metabolic indexes to the public?

Understanding BMI

[00:37:14] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  I would say, Alex. Number one, let’s make it very simple. You know, let’s make it very simple. So with that, this is as simple as getting on a scale to see how much you weigh. That’s it. So let’s bring that conversation to everyone, so everyone gets a scan. Minimal, minimal. I would say seasonally. Every season you should get a scan. You should get a BMI. You should log it in just like your weight. You know, let’s be functional. Let’s think of ourselves as necessary as our cars. Right? So I look at it as you have a little tag up on your windshield that says oil change. So why don’t we do this? And I challenge everyone to listen. And you know, we’re here because we need to take care of our community. You know, our community is probably one of the highest rates of diabetes in the nation. OK, and all of that story starts tomorrow. Yeah. I’m sorry.

[00:38:26] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: I don’t want to say it, but you have to. There’s a big old elephant in the room. But El Paso, our town, was considered the fattest sweaty town in the whole United States at one point that sickened me when I heard it. It was a different town. We are much more advanced. There were very few gyms. Now we’re all about fitness. So if we’re going to be the leaders out there, and man, I got to tell you, we got some beautiful athletes coming out of El Paso now. Absolutely. We got one of the tops. We can put our athletes against the best, even the best top schools, so as we compete in those areas, we want to use the tools that all the other places use to assess our athletes, our children, and our high-performance individuals. So we must do that kind of stuff now because we have the technology, and no longer is El Paso going to be the fattest sweatiest town in the United States. That’s that’s unforgivable. You agree with that.

[00:39:27] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Yeah. So bring in that, and the division that I would like to share is that the measurement, the simplicity of just getting your weight and your height, is now complemented with a BMI that you understand you have some goals. It’s 2020. Yeah, it’s 2020, baby. You know what 2020 means that let’s do better than last year. Let’s be healthier than last year and let us integrate and have a better understanding and better objective plan for our health. And with this, I would say this test and the Body Measurement Index is a word and understanding that needs to be spread throughout families. So, the family can talk about that like, Hey, what are we doing? How are we doing? And then with that, use it accordingly. OK? Therefore, to create positive outcomes, whether it’s just to play with your child. If you have children, that’s your sport. Your sport is not to sit and watch. Your sport is to participate. Throw the ball, kick the ball rolling with your child, or if your child is really into sports, give them the tools and the best tools. They’re not that expensive. They’re available so that they can get training that is on point and has extraordinary results.

[00:41:08] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Exactly. I couldn’t have said it better myself. We have the technology. It’s here, and this is not the six million Dollar mankind of the world, or this is not outside our realm. We can give it to our kids. We can show them, parents, become educators. They are the ones that seek out the coaches. They are the ones that are the nutritionist for the children. They are the ones that are the psychologists that every aspect of developing a child requires a lot of different aspects. So those parents with athletes, athletes who want to learn more about their bodies, the world of heavy tech research methods are over now. It’s simple. You get on scale accurate methods, and you can monitor your body a few times a year, two, three, four times a year, depending on your type of sport and your level of performance. These are the things we can do, and we need to provide that information so that you have tools to gauge you can’t get in a car without looking at a speedometer. We don’t know how fast you’re going. You don’t know if you’ve gone too far. You don’t know if you’re having protein metabolic catabolism, which is a breakdown or if you’re anabolic. So these are the tools that help us figure things out. You don’t know if certain joints or certain extremities are swollen because of just water or if it’s just protein breakdown. These tools we can see inside the body and monitor the improvement or changes, so the world changed. So now, El Paso, we can change the way we understand our physiology, the patient’s physiology, and our client’s physiology. So I welcome this technology, and by no means is it limited to anything that we do, and many providers in the town can do this. Many hospitals have it, but for a facility, it’s within our practices as well. So we use those things. So I look forward to being able to share this with the patients as well as the town.

[00:43:19] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Absolutely. I second the motion on that, Alex, and the challenge and passion that we’re going to have this year in 2020 are not only to motivate and be cheerleaders for functional health.

[00:43:36] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: And fitness.

[00:43:37] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  And fitness, but also to educate and empower the community with the latest technology and knowledge so they can do their best.

[00:43:47] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: Amen, brother. This is awesome, and I look forward to being able to continue. We’re going to be coming at you often because we’re motivated. We’re parents, and we want to be able to touch our El Paso and make it a better place because, you know, without getting too crazy, we’re pretty badass, as they say, right? Yeah, we were pretty, pretty intense in our town, right Mario?

[00:44:12] Dr. Mario Ruja DC*:  Don’t get me started. They’re going to happen, and they’re going to have to shut me down.

[00:44:18] Dr. Alex Jimenez DC*: No, we won’t do that. Come back later, guys. We’ll go ahead and see the show. And it’s been a blessing. So from all of us here, we can see how you guys are doing so. Blessings to you guys. Thank you, guys. Bye-bye.

Post Disclaimer

General Disclaimer & Scope of Practice *

The information herein on "Chiropractors & Body Mass Index | El Paso, TX (2021)" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional, licensed physician, and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make your own health care decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified health care professional.

Our information scope is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal, physical medicines, wellness, sensitive health issues, functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from a wide array of disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and support, directly or indirectly, our clinical scope of practice.*

Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.

We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900.

We are here to help you and your family.

Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*

email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com

Licensed in: Texas & New Mexico*

Dr. Alex Jimenez

Specialties: Stopping the PAIN! We Specialize in Treating Severe Sciatica, Neck-Back Pain, Whiplash, Headaches, Knee Injuries, Sports Injuries,Â Dizziness, Poor Sleep, Arthritis. We use advanced proven therapies focused on optimal Mobility, Posture Control, Deep Health Instruction, Integrative & Functional Medicine, Functional Fitness, Chronic Degenerative Disorder Treatment Protocols, and Structural Conditioning. We also integrate Wellness Nutrition, Wellness Detoxification Protocols, and Functional Medicine for chronic musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, we use effective "Patient Focused Diet Plans," Specialized Chiropractic Techniques, Mobility-Agility Training, Cross-Fit Protocols, and the Premier "PUSH Functional Fitness System" to treat patients suffering from various injuries and health problems.
Ultimately, I am here to serve my patients and community as a Chiropractor, passionately restoring functional life and facilitating living through increased mobility.

Purpose & Passions:
I am a Doctor of Chiropractic specializing in progressive, cutting-edge therapies and functional rehabilitation procedures focused on clinical physiology, total health, functional strength training, functional medicine, and complete conditioning. In addition, we focus on restoring normal body functions after neck, back, spinal and soft tissue injuries.

We use Specialized Chiropractic Protocols, Wellness Programs, Functional & Integrative Nutrition, Agility & Mobility Fitness Training, and Cross-Fit Rehabilitation Systems for all ages.

As an extension to dynamic rehabilitation, we offer our patients, disabled veterans, athletes, young and elder a diverse portfolio of strength equipment, high-performance exercises, and advanced agility treatment options. In addition, we have teamed up with the cities premier doctors, therapists, and trainers to provide high-level competitive athletes the options to push themselves to their highest abilities within our facilities.

We've been blessed to use our methods with thousands of El Pasoans over the last 3 decades allowing us to restore our patients' health and fitness while implementing researched non-surgical methods and functional wellness programs.

Our programs are natural and use the body's ability to achieve specific measured goals, rather than introducing harmful chemicals, controversial hormone replacement, unwanted surgeries, or addictive drugs. As a result, please live a functional life that is fulfilled with more energy, a positive attitude, better sleep, and less pain. Our goal is to ultimately empower our patients to maintain the healthiest way of living.

With a bit of work, we can achieve optimal health together, regardless of age, ability, or disability.

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COVID-19 Advisory: Visitor restrictions are in place for all Phoenix Children’s locations. Masks are required for all visitors and for patients ages 2+. For more information, visit our COVID-19 Resource Center.

Justin H. Lee, MD

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Pediatric Surgery

Areas of Expertise

  • Pectus Excavatum repair Minimally invasive surgery(Laparoscopic/thoracoscopic)

Phoenix Children's Hospital - Main
1919 E. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, Arizona 85016

About Justin H. Lee, MD

Justin Lee, MD, has joined Phoenix Children's as a full-time surgeon in the Division of Pediatric General Surgery.

Dr. Lee graduated from Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston. Upon graduation, he completed a general surgery residency at St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Boston followed by a pediatric surgery fellowship at Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City. He then held a general and thoracic pediatric surgery position at the University of Illinois at Chicago before coming to Phoenix Children's.

Dr. Lee is actively involved in conducting patient safety, quality improvement, and clinical outcomes research. He serves as a Surgeon Champion for National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). His work has been published in several peer-reviewed journals and a recent book chapter in the second edition of Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery." He has also given various presentations at regional and national meetings, won numerous awards and is a member of several professional societies, including American Pediatric Surgical Association and American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Lee's clinical interests include minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic/thoracoscopic), neonatal surgery, single site laparoscopic surgery, chest wall reconstruction, and congenital colorectal anomalies.

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Education & Training

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Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

General Surgery, St. Elizabeth Medical Center, Boston, MA

Pediatric Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT

General Surgery, St. Elizabeth Medical Center, Boston, MA

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Patient safety, quality improvement, clinical outcomes.

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What did the Greeks know about India before Alexander the Great started his campaigns?

By: | Post date: 2016-10-13 | Comments: No Comments
Posted in categories: Ancient Greek, History

Only what was in Ctesias’ work Indica (Ctesias).

The text only survives in quotations from later authors, and in a summary by Photius:

Photius’ excerpt of Ctesias’ Indica

It was second hand information: Ctesias worked in the Persian court, and relayed fanciful Persian notions of what India was like. Megasthenes, the first Greek author to have actually gone to India and recorded his impressions, was an envoy to India of Seleucus I Nicator, one of the successors of Alexander.

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Resource search

The Brightpearl API is a RESTful API, and most definitions of REST speak in terms of manipulating resources. Our interpretation of REST is that resources are entities such as WarehousesJournals and Contacts; solid real-world concepts that Brightpearl can be used to manage.

These resources can be manipulated by the core HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). The 'destructive' methods (PUT, POST, DELETE) are generally not controversial - we think it is reasonable to assume that whenever you want to perform one of these actions, you know in advance which resources you want to manipulate. This is why all destructive methods require you to specify an  ID  for every resource that should be affected.

The non-destructive GET method is more complicated. It is often the case that you do not know the IDs  of the resources you want or that you want a subset of resources that share some data in common (all of your Contacts at a particular company, for example). In these cases it is obvious that some sort of search mechanism is required.

How other APIs perform searches (and why we think it's a bad idea)

The most common mechanism for adding search functionality to a RESTful API is allow resource GET messages to accept parameters like this hypothetical Contact GET URI:

which would return all the Contact resources with the company name of 'Brightpearl'. This looks obvious and elegant, but we think it causes some subtle problems:

Message complexity, size and speed

Even though our JSON is considerably less verbose than an XML equivalent would have been, our messages are generally designed to be logical, readable, unambiguous and self-contained which means that complex resources can be large and have several levels of structure.

A good example of this is our Order resource. It is quite likely that a consumer of the Brightpearl API might want to generate a page or screen which shows sales orders that have not yet been shipped with some simple data like customer name, date of sale and current status.

With a search mechanism that is coupled to the resource GET mechanism, you would have a lot of large, complex Order  resources that would need to be parsed and interrogated before a results page could be displayed.

In our experience, API developers who link the resource GET and search mechanisms together have a difficult time in maintaining consistency across those resources. Parameter names, pagination and filters gradually get out of synch and the integrator ends up having to write separate code for each type of search.

We believe developers would prefer a consistent search interface which is applicable to all types of resources.

We want, wherever possible, to encourage client-side caching of data retrieved via the Brightpearl API. Using cached data generally means better performance for your application, and less load on the Brightpearl servers.

When the resource GET and search mechanisms are linked, caching is broken is two ways:

  1. Complete resources are being returned with every search, regardless of whether or not the calling application has a cached copy of that result.
  2. Searches almost always provide search terms and pagination instructions as query parameters at the end of a URI. According to the HTTP specifications, well behaved HTTP caches should not cache URIs that include query parameters.

We believe, that wherever possible, a developer should have control over where and how resources are cached.

Searching across Brightpearl resources

Our implementation of resource searching is that every 'searchable' resource has a resource GET message and separate resource-search GET message. For example:

The body of search message responses are split into two parts:

  1. A meta-data block describing the results (column names, types, results available, results shown etc)
  2. A list of results represented as a two-dimensional array

Each search message follows a common pattern for specifying columns to show, values to filter on, pagination controls, sort controls as well the structure of the results. Once you have integrated with one search message, you will be able to re-use that code for all other search messages.

Resource search column & filter data types

INTEGER A number with no fractional component. Most often used to represent IDs. Can also be used for negative searching via the ¬ operator. For example, to search for ids not 4: id=¬4
IDSET A representation of one or more IDs. For example 1,3,6-10.
STRING Unicode String (Brightpearl API messages are encoded in UTF-8). Columns or filters with the data type STRING use exact matching only.
DATETIME An ISO 8601 date/time. Ranges are represented as a start date/time then an end date/time (e.g. 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z )
BOOLEAN true or false
SEARCH_STRING Unicode String that can be matched against case-insensitive substrings (e.g. companyName=RIGHT would match a contact with the company name Brightpearl)
STRING_SET A representation of one or more String values (e.g. productStatus=LIVE.DISCONTINUED would match a product with LIVE or DISCONTINUED status)
FREE_TEXT_QUERY A type only used on filters which allows a result to be matched if any column with the type SEARCH_STRING contains the supplied sub-string. For examplekeyword=right would match contacts with an email address of or a company name Brightpearl
PERIOD A period value can be specified as either an ISO 8061 date(e.g 2012-01-09) or date/time(e.g 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z).

Date only:

  • A single date, before a particular date , after a particular date or between particular dates
  • Single date e.g 2010-12-16
  • After a particular date (exclusive) i.e return me all the dates after the start date e.g 2010-12-16/
  • Before a particular date (exclusive) i.e. return me all the dates before the end date e.g /2010-12-16
  • Between particular dates (inclusive) i.e. return me all the dates between the start and end dates including the start and end dates e.g. 2010-12-10/2010-12-16.
  • With date/time the comparisons are against the exact time.
  • You can provide the time with or without the seconds, i.e 2012-04-13T09:45 will be considered to be 2012-04-13T09:45:00
  • In order to retrieve results for a specific time we can use : 2012-04-13T09:45:36
  • In order to retrieve results before a specific time(exclusive) we can use : /2012-04-13T09:45:36
  • In order to retrieve results after a specific time(exclusive) we can use : 2012-04-13T09:45:36/
  • In order to retrieve results between two specific times(exclusive) we can use : 2012-04-13T09:45:36/2012-04-13T09:45:40

Most of the resources that can be manipulated using the Brightpearl API have a 'resource search' message as well as a GET message. These messages are used to find those resources that share a particular property (all Contacts at a company) or are in a particular state (all Goods-Out Notes that are ready to ship).

If you have not already done so, it is worth reading our introduction to resource searches, which explains why we have implemented searches in this way, and how it might differ from other APIs you may have used.

The resource search messages behave very differently to the other messages you will encounter while using the Brightpearl API. Our resource messages are designed to be readable and unambiguous, while our resource search messages are designed to be terse, fast and behave in the same way no mater which type of resource you are working with.

As a result, it will take a little longer to understand how resource searches work, but your knowledge and any code you write can be reused for every resource that you need to search against.

All the examples below are taken from the Contact Search and Goods-Out Note Search resource searches.

Key Concepts

Each of these concepts is explored in more detail below, but these are the fundamentals of using a Brightpearl resource search.

Issuing a search

Resource searches are implemented as HTTP GET messages. The path for the resource search will always be the same as the path to the resource GET with an additional -search suffix.

For example, Contact GET has the path /contact, so Contact Search has the path /contact-search

It is pefectly valid to make a request using just this base path. Making a request to /contact-search will return you a single 'page' of results from the set of all the Contacts stored in your Brightpearl account, using default page sizes, columns and sorting.

Meta data

In addition to our online documentation, it is possible to programmatically discover the capabilites of a resource search by issuing a meta-data request. For example /contact-search/meta-data GET will show you the columns and filters available as well as default values for pagination and sorting.

Each resource search supports a set of fixed set of columns - data that will be included in your results like contact names and email addresses. By default, every result will include a value for each column (although that value may be null) it is possible to change the set and order of the columns returned in the results.

You can constrain your search by specifying one or more column names as query parameters in your resource search URI. For example:

will only include results where the contact's email address contains and their first name contains Ben. The allowed values for columns varying according to the data type for that column

A filter works in an identical manner to a column, but does not directly map to a column that is included in a result.

Pagination and sorting

Resource searches have a builtin mechanism for breaking large result sets into multiple pages. These are discussed in detail later in this guide.

Response structure

The response from a resource search is broken into three sections: meta-data, results and reference data. An example response from a Contact Search might look like:

  "response": {
    "metaData": {
      "resultsAvailable": 1,
      "resultsReturned": 1,
      "firstResult": 1,
      "lastResult": 1,
      "columns": [
          "name": "contactId",
          "sortable": true,
          "filterable": true,
          "reportDataType": "INTEGER",
          "required": false
          "name": "primaryEmail",
          "sortable": true,
          "filterable": true,
          "reportDataType": "SEARCH_STRING",
          "required": false
          "name": "firstName",
          "sortable": true,
          "filterable": true,
          "reportDataType": "SEARCH_STRING",
          "required": false
          "name": "lastName",
          "sortable": true,
          "filterable": true,
          "reportDataType": "SEARCH_STRING",
          "required": false
      "sorting": [
          "filterable": {
            "name": "lastName",
            "sortable": true,
            "filterable": true,
            "reportDataType": "SEARCH_STRING",
            "required": false
          "direction": "ASC"
          "filterable": {
            "name": "firstName",
            "sortable": true,
            "filterable": true,
            "reportDataType": "SEARCH_STRING",
            "required": false
          "direction": "ASC"
    "results": [
  "reference": {}

Meta Data

As the name suggests, this section contains information describing the results. The first four properties are to do with pagination:

resultsAvailable The total number of results that match the supplied filters/columns. Depending on your pagination parameters, this may be more than the number of results actually returned in this response.
resultsReturned The number of results included in this response.
firstResult A 1 based index indicating where the first result in the response falls in the total set of results. For example if you have a page size of 10 results, firstResulton page one will be 1 and firstResult on page two will be 11
lastResult A 1 based index indicating where the last result in the response falls in the total set of results. For example if you have a page size of 10 results, lastResulton page one will be 10 and lastResult on page two will be 20 (assuming there are at least 20 results).

The columns property in the metaData object describes the data that is included in the results property of the response. The properties present in each column have the following meanings:

name This is name of the query parameter you would pass into a resource search if you wanted to match against that column.
sortable Indicates that the results can or cannot be sorted by this column (see sorting below)
filterable Indicates that you can or cannot match against this column.
reportDataType The data type for that column .
referenceData If a referenceData property is present on a column, it means that the values for that column in the results, can be used to look up an entry in one or more of the reference data maps provided in the response (see below).
required A small minority of searches specify columns for which you must provide a value to match against.

This section explains what sorting has been applied to the results. All searches have a default sort order, so this section is always present. In the above example, the results have been primarily been ordered according to the contact's last name, the by first name in the event of more than one contact having the same last name.

The direction property is either ASC for ascending, or DESC for descending.

The results property on the response contains the actual results of the search. The property is a two-dimensional array (an array of arrays). Each array is of the same length and that length matches the number of columns present in the meta data section at the top of the response.

So results from the contact search might look like:

results: [

In this example, our search has returned two results. The order of the data in the result array matches the order of the columns in the meta data section at the top of the response.

The reference property at the bottom of the response is only present if one or more of the columns in the meta data section has the referenceData property set.

The purpose of the reference section is to avoid duplicating data in the results section. A good example of this is a Goods-Out Note Search . Each Goods-Out Note  is associated with a Warehouse  you may have hundreds of Goods-Out Notes, but only a couple of Warehouses. Instead of repeatedly returning a potentially long warehouse name hundreds of times, only the ID of the Warehouse is present in the result.

The definition of the warehouseId column might look like:

"name": "warehouseId",
"sortable": true,
"filterable": true,
"reportDataType": "INTEGER",
"referenceData": ["warehouseNames"],
"required": false

Which explains that the value of each warehouseId column in the results can be used to find a value from a map called warehouseNames in the reference property.

In this example, the reference section of the results might look like:

"reference": {
    "warehouseNames": {
      "2": "Bristol Primary Shipping",
      "3": "Reading Returns and B-grade"

As you can see, the reference property is a hash-table of hash-tables.

Specifying a sort order

When you execute a resource, you may change the default sort order by setting a query parameter sort. The value of this parameter is a comma delimited list of 1-n column names with an optional sort direction. For example:

/goods-out-note-search Default sort order
/goods-out-note-search?sort=warehouseId.ASC Sort by warehouseId in ascending order
/goods-out-note-search?sort=warehouseId,price.DESC Sort by warehouseId initially, then price in descending order.

You can control the number of results that are included in the response by using two pagination query parameters:

pageSize This parameter sets the maximum number of results that will be returned in a response. The maximum value for this parameter is 500.
firstResult This is the (one based) index of the first result you would like in your results. For example, if there are 100 potential results and you set this parameter to 11 andpageSize to 10, you will receive results 11-20 inclusive.

Simple count

Sometimes you don't need to retrieve the search results since all you want is to count them. You can do this by using the following parameter ?countOnly=true. For Example:

/contact-search?countOnly=true Retrieves only the metadata. From there you can take the number of records.

Advanced features

Column set and ordering

You may control the set of columns that are included in the results and the order in which they are presented. You may use the columns parameters and provide a comma separated list of column names.

/contact-search?columns=contactId Only the contactId will be included in the results.
/contact-search?columns=contactId,firstName Only contactId and firstName will be returned. The first column in each result and in the meta data will becontactId.
/contact-search?columns=firstName,contactId Only contactId and firstName will be returned. The first column in each result and in the meta data will befirstName.
Have more questions? Submit a request


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If you would like to allow your buyers to collect their orders in person you can provide that option at checkout. Setup is quick and easy:

  1. Navigate to your Seller Dashboard and click Account:

  2. Scroll down and expand the Selling section.

  3. Enable the checkbox for Allow Collection in Person and enter details such as your address, opening hours, parking arrangements, and any other relevant details to make it easy for your buyer to collect in person.

  4. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click Save.

Collection in Person will now be available for buyers to select at checkout.


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Unique vs. Total Opens and Clicks

Last updated at:

What is the difference between unique and totals opens? How about for clicks? In this article, we go over how to find these numbers as well as what they mean.

9/20/21 Update: with the release of iOS 15, macOS Monterey, iPadOS 15, and WatchOS 8, Apple will change the way that we receive open rate data on your emails by prefetching our tracking pixel. With this change, it’s important to understand that open rates will be inflated.

It may be useful to look at the number of iOS-specific users within your data to understand how your rates may change.

For complete information on ways to potentially mitigate these Apple open changes, read this blog post: iOS 15: How to Prepare for Apple’s Changes.

View a Campaign's Opens and Clicks

The Campaigns tab shows you the open, click, and conversion data for each sent campaign. The numbers you see here are based on unique people opening, clicking, purchasing, etc.

When you click into an individual sent campaign, you will initially see the overview report for the campaign with high-level performance metrics displayed.

Unique Opens and Clicks

The core open and click data you see displayed in the middle section of this report represents unique opens and clicks — these numbers will match the numbers you see on the Campaigns tab front page.

Note that there are rare occurrences beyond Klaviyo’s control when some unique open events may not be tracked. For example, some third-party email clients and browser extensions block tracking pixels, including those that track email opens. These are the exception rather than the rule, but may impact open rates for some customers.

Total Opens and Clicks

At the bottom of this report, you'll see there is also data around Total Opens and Total Clicks.

These totals represent all opens and clicks recorded. For example, if one person received your campaign and opened twice, we would count two total opens. These totals will thus typically be higher than the unique counts.

If you see total open (or click) numbers that are significantly higher than unique opens (or clicks), this could signal that recipients are consistently forwarding your emails to others.

Additional Resources

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You're looking at an older version of Totara Learn.

Please see Totara 15 help for the latest version.

All pages

Dashboards allow content to be displayed on selected user's Home page. Dashboards are able to be assigned to audiences and users can select and customise their assigned dashboards if allowed.

The default home page is initially set to the Totara dashboard for all logged in users on a new site. To change this, from the Administration block go to Site Administration > Appearance > Navigation > Default home page > Totara dashboard.

The Totara dashboard is also referred to as the My Learning page and can be accessed by clicking on the Dashboard tab. It contains the Current learning block, which is a really useful way for learners to see their progress and any outstanding learning.

(This video is taken from the Dashboards and basic theming course in the Totara Academy, where you can access more resources and learning materials - including other videos).

Create a Totara dashboard

  1. Select Site administration > Advanced features > Enable Totara Dashboard > Show.
  2. Select Site Administration > Appearance > Dashboards.
  3. Click Create dashboard.

  4. Add the following information:
    Name: Description of dashboard so assigned users know the audience the dashboard is aimed at.
    Locked:  Assigned users will not be able to customise their dashboard  when locked, unlocking shows customisation made to user's dashboard and allows further customising.
  5. Choose from Assigned audiences - Availability: Available to no users, Available to all logged in users, Available only to the following audiences.

  6. Select Assign new audiences.
  7. Select Save changes.

Manage Totara dashboards

  1. Select Site Administration > Appearance > Dashboards to view all dashboards.
  2. Select the Edit icon to change the settings of existing dashboards.
  3. Use the Availability setting to control who can see the dashboard. If you want the dashboard to be hidden then select Available to no users.
  4. Select the arrow icon to change the order of dashboards.

    When a user is assigned to more than one dashboard the dashboard that is higher up in the order is displayed.

  5. Select clone dashboard icon to make a copy of the dashboard including the blocks that have been added to it and any audience assignments.

  6. Select Reset dashboard for all users resets the selected dashboard to the original layout for all assigned users.

In order to edit dashboard blocks users require the following capabilities. Manage dashboard (totara/dashboard:manage) allows the user to manage the dashboard and Manage dashboard blocks (totara/dashboard:manageblocks) allows the user to manage blocks on dashboards. Additionally, users require the capability to configure system templates for My Learning pages (moodle/my:configsyspages).

Customise a dashboard

Users that have been assigned to a dashboard and have the dashboard unlocked are able to customise the dashboard.

  1. Select Home menu to display the dashboards assigned.
  2. Select the dashboard you want to customise.
  3. Select Customise dashboard.
  4. Select the Add a Block block.
  5. Select the Block from the drop down list you wish to display on the dashboard.
  6. Drag the Block to the position required on the page.
  7. Select the Actions icon on the Block to display required content in the block.
  8. Select Stop customising dashboard when you have finished adding blocks.

If you need to go back to the original dashboard before customising select the Reset dashboard to default button.

There is a Dashboards block that can be used to allow users to select their dashboard if the user has more than one assigned dashboard.

On this page

The Totara Academy has a whole course dedicated to using Dashboards and basic theming in Totara Learn. Here you can learn more on how to customise your site's appearance, see best practice, and give it a go yourself.

Provide feedback about this page using the link in the bottom right of this page.

Still have questions? Why not post them in the forums of the Totara Community?


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About watermarks

A watermark is a visible embedded overlay on a digital photo consisting of text, a logo, or a copyright notice. The purpose of a watermark is to identify the work and discourage its unauthorized use. A visible watermark can't prevent unauthorized use.  But it makes it more difficult for people who want to claim someone else's photo or artwork as their own.

Another type of watermark is the digital watermark, which Digimarc Corporation pioneered. Digimarc offers a service for embedding digital code into photos and other media that is undetectable during normal use, but enables tracking and identification of the media.

There are three options for using watermarks with Scene7:

  • Sign up with Digimarc and then configure the SPS Image Server publish settings to allow Scene7 to add watermarking
  • Use the Basic Templating functionality in Scene7 to overlay an image or text on top of an existing image. It could be a (r) or (c) notice, the owning company's name or logo, and so on. It could be applied as an extra layer on top of all image urls, or using an image preset.
  • Have Scene7 Tech Support configure a special type of template, called a Watermark. Then, configure it in the IS Publish settings in SPS. Here is the Image Server documentation: http://microsite.omniture.com/t2/help/en_US/s7/is_ir_api/index.html#Watermarksl
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Brian Irwin, Chairman of Irwin’s Bakery has been presented with a special Contribution to the agri-food Industry in Northern Ireland at the inaugural Henderson Wholesale Fresh Innovation Awards at the Balmoral Show.

The revamped awards were held this morning (Friday 18 May) at the 150th Balmoral Show to celebrate the Henderson’s fresh food suppliers, farmers and growers rewarded for their product innovation, accessibility of goods and their sustainable practices.

Mr Irwin also picked up the Overall Supplier of the Year Award for Irwin’s Bakery, which has been trading with Hendersons since the early 1900s.

Tim Graham of Graham’s Bakery also became the first ever recipient of the Young Agri-Food Innovator Award, a fresh category for the all-new awards.

The judges agreed that Tim was excelling in New Product Development for the Dromore based company; Tim recently collaborated with the wholesaler to produce an exclusive line of celebration cakes for the new Occasions range developing throughout Henderson branded stores.

Other winners at the breakfast ceremony included T.S Foods Ltd for Excellence in Product Innovation for their Ann’s Kitchen range of fresh and convenient fish meals; Hovis Ltd which won the Excellence in Regional Delivery award for maintaining a 99.98% service level when delivering over 50 bread and bakery products, six days a week, directly to the entire network of SPAR and EUROSPAR retailers in Northern Ireland.

PRM Group, one of Henderson Wholesale’s leading fresh brand suppliers took home The Tomorrow Matters Award which is a nod to the alignment of the Group’s CSR practices with its suppliers. Ballyclare pork producers Fred C Robinsons were presented with the Own Brand Supplier of the Year gong, reflecting the company’s increase in sales of +13% of the SPAR’s enjoy local range of pork sausages.

In the first Local Butchery Awards to be presented at the event, Henderson Retail honoured four butchery concessions who scored highest during audits which took place at the start of the year. The audits focused on quality, range, presentation, innovation, flair, availability and creativity.

McMurray’s Butcher at EUROSPAR Templepatrick, H&J Carnduff Butchers in EUROSPAR Brackenvale on Saintfield Road, and Haye’s Family Butchers, from SPAR Greystone in Antrim were Highly Commended in the category.

Quail’s Butchery in SPAR Dromore Road, Banbridge took home the title of In-Store Butcher of the Year, with Joe Quail accepting the award on behalf of the team.

Neal Kelly, Fresh Foods Director at Henderson Group commented; “With the 150th anniversary of the Balmoral Show, we also wanted to make our annual celebration of our fresh food suppliers one to remember.

“The Fresh Innovation Awards have been fantastic, and we have received such a positive response from the suppliers we work with. We strive to ensure we are sourcing locally first and foremost as we have some of the finest produce in the world on our own doorstep. There is simply no excuse to be looking elsewhere.

“I am delighted to honour Brian Irwin, Chairman of Irwin’s Bakery for his contribution to the industry here. Not only has he pushed forward and diversified the family business to successfully break the GB market, he has done the same with the food and drinks industry in Northern Ireland thanks to his work with the NI Food & Drink Association (NIFDA). I’d like to congratulate all of our finalists, highly commended and winning companies from today’s awards, we are very lucky to live and work in a place with such incredible talent for food innovation.”

Paddy Doody, Sales & Marketing Director at Henderson Group added; “We have had a fantastic few days at Balmoral Show with the SPAR brand as Platinum Sponsor. We enjoy being at the heart of the biggest agri show in Northern Ireland as our stores are in the heart of all our communities throughout Northern Ireland.

“SPAR provides a convenience channel and platform for our local suppliers to thrive, to learn and collaborate, and this is no more evident than in the companies and individuals we’ve celebrated this morning. We are delighted to have enjoyed such a successful eighth year of sponsoring the Balmoral Show.”

Jo Scott, BBC Northern Ireland’s Home Ground presenter hosted the awards which saw over 100 members of the local food industry, Henderson Group Board of Directors and Ulster  Guild of SPAR come together for the awards ceremony and breakfast, made up from producers including Ballygarvey Eggs, Boconnell Mushrooms, Connolly Meats, Henry Denny, Lacpatrick Dairy, Total Produce, Fred C Robinson, Allied Bakeries and Armagh Apple Juice.

An independent judging panel made up of food, agri and business experts scrutinised over 40 entries from around 20 local companies. The judges included Freda Magill, former Chair of the Ulster Farmers’ Union; Joy Alexander, Head of Technology at CAFRE; food writer Sam Butler, Head of the Agri-Food Business Development Centre at Ulster University, Dr Lynsey Hollywood, and Irish News Business Editor, Gary McDonald.

Full list of highly commended & winning companies:

Excellence in Regional Delivery

Winner: Hovis Ltd.

Highly Commended: Around Noon

Excellence in Product Innovation

Winner: T.S Foods Ltd.

Highly Commended: Mash Direct and K&G McAtamney Butchers

Own Brand Supplier of the Year

Winner: Fred C Robinsons

Highly Commended: Milgro

The Tomorrow Matters Award

Winner: PRM Group

Highly Commended: Cloughbane Farm Shop

Young agri-food Innovator

Tim Graham, Graham’s Bakery

Local Butchery Awards

In-store Butcher of the Year: Quail’s Butchery, SPAR Dromore Road, Banbridge

Highly Commended: McMurray’s Butcher, Haye’s Family Butchers and H&J Carnduff Butchers

Contribution to agri-food Industry in Northern Ireland

Brian Irwin, Irwin’s Bakery

Overall Supplier of the Year

Winner: Irwin’s Bakery

Highly Commended: K&G McAtamney Butchers and Cloughbane Farm Shop


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HHCW - Blog - What is CBT
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?

Updated: September 10, 2020 | Original Post: August 15, 2019

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) focuses on the interactions between a person’s thoughts, behaviours, and emotions in order to help bring about change. Learn more about CBT.

Read More »

COVID-19 Protocols

Psychotherapy for many people, especially children and teens, is more effective in person.

For patients who either have clinical issues that are best discussed face-to-face or simply are looking to talk without a screen between us, click the link below to see the measures I take to keep us all safe.


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What does the CAO’s Office do?
The Chief Administrative Officer is Town Council’s only employee and he ensures Council decisions are implemented as well as oversees all Town administration. Town administration is organized by division then department. The division directors oversee inter-related departments and functions in order to achieve best outcomes for approved programs and resources. See the link provided for a description of each division's purpose and outcome.Division Purpose/Outcome

Show All Answers

1. How can I get the mayor and/or councillors to attend my event / grand opening?
2. What does the CAO’s Office do?
3. When should I raise a concern or meet with the CAO?
4. What can I do if I disagree with the CAO’s decision?


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JACOBS, Israel

JACOBS, Israel, a Representative from Pennsylvania; born near Perkiomen Creek, Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pa., June 9, 1726; attended the public schools; engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits; member of the colonial assembly 1770-1774; elected as a Pro-Administration candidate to the Second Congress (March 4, 1791-March 3, 1793); resumed agricultural pursuits; died in Providence Township about December 10, 1796; interment probably in graveyard of the Friends Meeting House.

View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

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External Research Collections

Historical Society of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, PA
Papers: In Jacobs family papers, 1681-1838. ca. 500 items. Described in published guide.
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Prof. Evelyn Hammonds Featured in Smithsonian Magazine

October 4, 2021
Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History of Science and Professor of African and African American Studies Evelynn Hammonds contributes her scholarship to "How Science Conquered Diphtheria, the Plague Among Children," an article in the October issue of Smithsonian Magazine. The article explores the history of medical advances in dealing with deadly childhood illness in the 19th & early 20th century, offering possible reflection on present day public health issues.


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Lemon Zest

Sale price Price $4.00 Regular price Unit price  per

Shipping calculated at checkout.

Scent Notes:

Lemon, Vanilla, White Musk

  • Clamshell is approximately 2.8 oz.
  • Snapbar is approximately 6.2 oz.

Please note: Some finished products may come with glitter or mica and some may not. All melts are hand poured in small batches and may cause color to vary slightly  from picture.


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Vanilla Bean

Sale price Price $4.00 Regular price Unit price  per

Shipping calculated at checkout.

Scent Notes:

Sweet Sugar Cookies, Vanilla

  • Clamshell is approximately 2.8 oz.
  • Snapbar is approximately 6.2 oz.

Please note: Some finished products may come with glitter or mica and some may not. All melts are hand poured in small batches and may cause color to vary slightly  from picture.


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Colourful Flower Ring

Colourful flowers come from hard stones and seat in the heart of metal in wonderland . It's like a magic by the nature which fling you into your dreams. Let your eyes smell the light of Paradise.
3,487 $ 3,670 $

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Paradisal Ruby-made flowers on the Rose gold Garden! Perfume of Light on your Fingers with Jewellery Brilliant Women's Ring.
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Marvelous and royal, just like the combination of genuine diamonds and precious sapphires on your finger!
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The precious diamond ring with delicate, tasteful engravings on its shoulders can make a lovely gift for any lover of jewellery and art!
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Trillion Diamond Ring

Sparkle and Shine like a Queen! This Epical Diamond Ring is a perfect choice for your wedding ring that can make you shine like a star at all ceremonies.
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Classic Design! Make Everyday Special With This Rose Cut Diamond Ring, Inspired By Simplicity And Powered By Elegance.
1,549 $ 1,631 $


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• IPO

BDO has extensive experience in assisting local and overseas enterprises in going public, as well as in other corporate exercises in Hong Kong, and other overseas stock exchanges.

We act as reporting accountants in IPOs and other corporate exercises. We are familiar with regulatory requirements and understand the critical path in an often tortuous process. We identify issues up front and work with clients and their advisors towards an appropriate and speedy resolution.

Our pool of dedicated and committed professionals understand that time is of the essence. We work closely with the management and the corporate finance team in meeting critical deadlines.


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Current State: March

I haven’t been posting like I originally anticipated and hoped, because this last semester of mine has been CRAZY! With the passing of each day, I am amazed (and also scared) of how fast each day flies by, mostly because I still have so much to get done before graduation. Agh! Read More


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• Home >
  • Viking Violin Adjuster, 4/4, black

Viking Violin Adjuster, 4/4, black

Excl. Tax: £1.74 Incl. Tax: £2.09
Viking Violin Adjuster, 4/4, black - Allows for easy fine tuning
  • Enables greater tuning accuracy
  • Simple, classic design
  • Easily attaches to all standard taipieces
  • Item No: GR65065K
  • Model No: VVS-8021
  • Standard screw thread operated tuning adjusters, making fine tuning far quicker and more easily accomplished.
  • Weight: 0.05 kg (approx)
  • Made in: China
  • Model Number: VVS-8021
Brand information

A complete range of musical spares, bags, cases and accessories

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Click on a location for contact details and map.

Stock levels can change fast. Please contact your nearest branch to confirm availability and reserve this item before you travel.

COVID Update:

All of our UK shops are open and welcoming customers to browse and try out instruments. All of our departments are also available as for click & collect arrangements and to send out goods by courier, and our Warehouse is fully staffed and sending out goods at the usual rate.
This item is in stock in our central warehouse and can be shipped to you quickly.

Please contact us by email with any questions about this item.

We're here to help!

If you have any questions about this product or would like to speak to a member of staff, please give us a ring on +44 (0)333 800 9500 or email us post@hobgoblin.co.uk.


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Winter holidays at Großglockner
                                                                                At The Foot Of The Highest Mountain In Austria

Winter Holiday Tips at Großglockner

Enjoy Real Fun In Your Winter Holidays

Be the first to see the stunning panorama at the peak while sitting comfortably in the cabin of the cable car. Once up the mountain you start your first run on the piste covered with untouched snow.  The sunny slopes make you smile and soon it's time for the first break at a rustic alpine inn.

Winter sports can be so beautiful, especially at Grossglockner/Heiligenblut Ski Resort.

Time For Two During Your Winter Vacation

Quality Time With The One You Love Most

 Race down the slopes, have a break from time to time and enjoy the breath-taking panorama. And have your partner right by your side. Share this moment with your friends at home. Relax together on deck chairs and have a perfect meal with your loved one at one of the romantic alpine restaurants.

A delicious hot cup of tea and then Après-Ski will start. Get ready for the next wonderful day at Heiligenblut Ski Resort. Only the two of you and the spectacular panorama of the Carinthian Alps. That's exactly what you want to experience? Share the best time of your life with your partner and leave the daily routine behind. That's holidays in Heiligenblut at Großglockner...

Tip: You want to explore the picturesque village of Heiligenblut also off piste? So, get you x-country skiing gear or rent it and enjoy our perfectly groomed trails.

You are not into x-country skiing? So, the two of you will certainly enjoy a romantic walk in winter wonderland. Seven winter hiking trails boast a unique scenery and pure romantic feelings!

Family Vacation At Großglockner

Take Your Whole Family On Vacation

Hurrah, winter vacation is just around the corner! Everything is packed and ready. The kids are getting excited and they can hardly wait to get started. Get out of the car and on the slopes.

The convenient online shop makes it possible. You can already book the best ski deals at home.

Tip: If you book early, take advantage of pre-season family concessions. They are a real good bargain. When purchasing two adult lift tickets, the parents get the snowman ticket for just four Euros!

Beginners' slopes, kids' lift and numerous blue and red pistes are ideal for families. And there are many inns and restaurants, so your children won’t go hungry or thirsty.

Racing like real pros: We want your little ones to have fun in the snow and to become real champions in no time, so try our snow sports school!

Book private lessons or group courses with the whole family – the certified professional instructors of Großglockner/Heiligenblut Snow Sport School will certainly have the right training programme for you and the little ones.

You do not know the ski resort so well and you want to see special places of interest? Just contact one of our guides, they will show you all the spots you shouldn't miss.

Book a guided ski day and explore the hidden treasures of the highest mountain in Austria.

Events In Heiligenblut At Großglockner

Colourful And Worth Seeing

Majestic, impressive and unique – these three words characterise Mount Großglockner perfectly. So, it's no wonder that this unmatched scenery is home to many events attracting guests and locals, alike.

Browse the calendar of events of Großglockner/Heiligenblut Ski Resort and you may find an event that takes place during your stay.


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Emma Astle

About Emma Astle

Emma has been in Network Marketing for a while and brands herself as the MLM mum. She is always looking to help people be successful and earn a sustainable income working from home. Find out more about her on her page.

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Selected valve: V5442G1037

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V5442G1037 4-way rotary mixing, compact PN6 internal threads 2 ... 110 oC water 32 mm 16

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They are also called door bars.

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Aluminum Pulling Comb

Aluminum Pulling Comb

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As the favorite for people to borrow and take, EQUI-ESSENTIALS Aluminum Pulling Comb are an essential in your horse show grooming box. Keeps your horse’s mane at the proper length – tip: the Size of the comb should be the mane’s length (3.5”).

  • Aluminum casted
  • 3.5” long by 1” wide

How to Use: To thin and shorten the mane, grasp the end of a small section of hair in one hand, backcomb the mane toward the neck using the comb, wrap the remaining hair around the comb a few times and pull downward to remove by the roots. Do not pull too much at a time – small amounts. Consult an expert first.


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Image Source: Getty/John Lamparski

  • Kacey Musgraves debuted a new pink hair color on Instagram.
  • The hair change was for her cover of V Magazine.
  • The pastel pink hue is great winter hair color inspiration.

Kacey Musgraves is no longer a brunette. The “Breadwinner” singer traded her signature dark black-brown shade for a gorgeous pastel pink hair color. Musgraves showed off her new look in an Instagram post on Nov. 24 and captioned the transformation “don’t let me blow away” with two pink flower emojis to match. Her new fairy-like appearance was all for her cover of V Magazine‘s winter issue, which also debuted this week.

In the behind the scenes selfies Musgraves shared, she tagged her hairstylist and makeup artist for the shoot confirming that we have Giovanni Delgado to thank for the new winter hairstyle inspiration. Musgraves’s pastel hair incorporates different shades of light pink with darker smudged roots. Although the singer’s new hairstyle most likely comes courtesy of a wig, we love to see celebs experimenting with out-of-the-box colors. Take a look at Musgraves with pink hair ahead.
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The actress looked back on the 20th anniversary of her breakout role and shared a few throwback photos from her days at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.

Hogwarts has provided a home for many readers since the release of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone came out in June 1997, and many more fell in-love with the series when the movie Harry Potter And The Sorcerer’s Stone hit theaters on November 16, 2001. Hermione Granger herself, Emma Watson, celebrated the movie’s 20th anniversary with a touching Instagram post on Tuesday November 16.

The 31-year-old actress shared two photos: one with herself and co-stars Daniel Radcliffe (who played Harry) and Rupert Grint (who played Ron Weasley), when they were all youngsters, presumably on the set of the first film. The second photo had many more people with a number of castmates and crew, presumably from when the eighth and final film Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows Part 2 was filmed. She raved about her time onset and how she’s always known that getting to play Hermione was the role of a lifetime. “Harry Potter was my home, my family, my world and Hermione (still is) my favorite fictional character of all time. I think a journalist once said it was irritating how many times during an interview I mentioned how lucky I was and started counting… BUT I DAMN WELL KNEW!!! And still know,” she wrote.

In the emotional post, Emma seemed blown away by how much she and the other stars have grown from kids into young adults, as many fans definitely are also. “I look at my fellow cast members now and I am just so proud of who everyone has become as people. I am proud we were kind to each other that we supported one another and that we held up something meaningful,” she wrote. Emma also pointed to the fans for making the Wizarding World such an accepting place. “The magic of the world wouldn’t exist without you. Thank you for fighting to make it such an inclusive and loving place,” she said.

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After thanking the crew, Emma mentioned that Potter fans have plenty of magic to look forward to, as a new special Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts will be available on HBOMax on January 1, which will see the main trio, as well as other cast members reuniting. She also shared a trailer for the special on her Instagram Story!

Other than Emma, a few more of her co-stars reminisced on the film for its 20th anniversary. Bonnie Wright (who played Ginny Weasley) shared a photo of herself, making her brief debut appearance in the first movie. She thanked author J.K. Rowling, producer David Heyman, and director Christopher Columbus for making the first movie an incredible experience. “Little me pictured on platform 9 3/4 at age nine would never have thought in her wildest dreams she’d find a family like I did on the sets of Harry Potter,” she wrote. Evanna Lynch (who played Luna Lovegood) also said she was excited for the special but joked about the fact that her character didn’t make her first appearance until the fifth movie Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. “Can we agree to not remind production I wasn’t actually in Philosopher’s Stone and was still in my Harry Potter themed bedroom drooling over their posters 20 years ago?” she joked in her Instagram caption.

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