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Industrial Society and its Future

There goes the Oxygen All right. It took a while, but I have finished reading Ted’s manifesto, Industrial Society and its Future. In case you are unfamiliar with the story, Ted Kaczynski was a precocious math prodigy who was born in 1942 and matriculated at Harvard in 1958, at the age of 16. He went on to earn his PhD in math at Michigan, and in 1967 became UC Berkeley’s youngest ever assistant math professor (up to that point). By 1969, Kaczynski had clearly had enough of the Berkeley hippies and retreated to a cabin in the woods, where, he claims, he intended to live the simple life in peace. Unfortunately, one day he found that someone had built a road through his favorite hiking spot, so he began a terrorist campaign of mailing letter bombs to semi-random people, most of them professors or involved in transportation/technology. (Three people died.)

This resulted in a very long and expensive FBI manhunt that ended when Ted agreed to cease his bombing campaign if the Washington Post printed his manifesto, Industrial Society and its Future. Kaczynski’s brother recognized his writing style in the essay and turned him over to the FBI; Ted is still alive, in prison.

It is unfortunate when the author of a work commits clearly reprehensible or evil acts (like killing people). For all that we attempt not to fall into ad hominens, “Do I trust the author or does he seem like a crazy guy?” remains a reasonable first-pass mechanism for sorting through the nigh-infinite quantity of potential reading material. In this case, we must simply admit up front that the author was terrorist and murderer, then proceed to analyze his ideas as though he didn’t exist. Death of the author, indeed.

Quick overview:

Industrial Society and its Future is 35,000 words long, or the length of a novella. It is long enough to feel long when reading it, but too short to include the kind of explanatory examples and details that it could really use. (My summary will therefore draw, when necessary, from other things I have read.)

You have likely already encountered most of the concepts in Ted’s essay, either independently or because you’ve talked to people who’ve read it; the concepts are very commonly discussed on the alt-right.

Ted asserts that modern technology is making people miserable because:

1. It provides for our basic needs (ie food and shelter) with relative ease, leaving us unable to fulfill our instinctual drive to provide for our basic needs, which leaves us unhappy.

2. It makes us follow lots of rules (like “only sell pasteurized milk” or “get a driver’s license”). These rules are necessary for running advanced technology in densely populated areas, but frustrating because they significantly curtail our freedom.

For example:

A walking man formerly could go where he pleased, go at his own pace without observing any traffic regulations, and was independent of technological support-systems. When motor vehicles were introduced they appeared to increase man’s freedom. They took no freedom away from the walking man, no one had to have an automobile if he didn’t want one … But the introduction of motorized transport soon changed society in such a way as to restrict greatly man’s freedom of locomotion. When automobiles became numerous, it became necessary to regulate their use extensively. In a car, especially in densely populated areas, one cannot just go where one likes at one’s own pace one’s movement is governed by the flow of traffic and by various traffic laws. One is tied down by various obligations: license requirements, driver test, renewing registration, insurance, maintenance required for safety, monthly payments on purchase price. Moreover, the use of motorized transport is no longer optional. Since the introduction of motorized transport the arrangement of our cities has changed in such a way that the majority of people no longer live within walking distance of their place of employment, shopping areas and recreational opportunities, so that they HAVE TO depend on the automobile for transportation. Or else they must use public transportation, in which case they have even less control over their own movement than when driving a car. Even the walker’s freedom is now greatly restricted. In the city he continually has to stop to wait for traffic lights that are designed mainly to serve auto traffic. …

To be fair, when talking about the miseries created by technology, I think we can also include things like “people incinerated by bombs during WWII” and “People whose lives were made miserable by totalitarian Soviet states,” not just people struggling to cross the street because there are too many cars.

Ted believes that this misery is bad enough that we would be happier and better off without modern technology (aside from, obviously, everyone who would die without it,) and therefore we should get rid of it.

This is, unfortunately, the essay’s weak point. Most people who read it probably say, “Yes, modern civilization has its issues, yes, cars pollute and traffic is annoying and I hate paperwork, but it sure beats getting mauled to death by lions.”

To be fair, there’s not a whole lot of research out there about what makes people happy. (I did find some; the researchers concluded that people are happy when they have friends.) Personally, I’ve only ever lived in today’s society, so I struggle to compare it to society of 200 years ago.

But let’s suppose we accept Kaczynski’s thesis and decided that modern life is making people really miserable. We can’t just say, “Okay, we’re Luddites, now. Lets put some clogs in this machine.” The system won’t let you. The system is a lot bigger and stronger than you.

Ted advocates rebellion in the essay, but later he noted that realistically, there won’t be a mass movement of people willing to give up their TVs, so if you want to do something about industrial system, you have to go the opposite direction: make the system worse until everyone is so stressed and miserable that they all snap and the system breaks.

Much like Marx, this is where the essay falters, because the technological system shows no sign of completely breaking down. Even if the US collapses, China will just happily scoop up the pieces and chug right along.

(I find it somewhat amusingly that Ted is essentially using a Marxist approach in his claim that the needs of the society’s economic system dictate the shape and culture of that society.)

A few things are incorrect, (Ted is weak on what life is actually like in primitive societies–clearly he has never lived in one–for example, his claim that crime was lower in their societies than ours. It wasn’t,) but the general thrust is accurate or at least an interesting position that a reasonable person could argue in good faith. The essay is quite interesting in its description of the “power process”:

Human beings have a need (probably based in biology) for something that we will call the “power process.” This is closely related to the need for power (which is widely recognized) but is not quite the same thing. The power process has four elements. The three most clear-cut of these we call goal, effort and attainment of goal. (Everyone needs to have goals whose attainment requires effort, and needs to succeed in attaining at least some of his goals.) The fourth element is more difficult to define and may not be necessary for everyone. We call it autonomy and will discuss it later (paragraphs 42-44).

34. Consider the hypothetical case of a man who can have anything he wants just by wishing for it. Such a man has power, but he will develop serious psychological problems. At first he will have a lot of fun, but by and by he will become acutely bored and demoralized. Eventually he may become clinically depressed. …

35. Everyone has goals; if nothing else, to obtain the physical necessities of life: food, water and whatever clothing and shelter are made necessary by the climate. …

36. Nonattainment of important goals results in death if the goals are physical necessities, and in frustration if nonattainment of the goals is compatible with survival. Consistent failure to attain goals throughout life results in defeatism, low self-esteem or depression.

37, Thus, in order to avoid serious psychological problems, a human being needs goals whose attainment requires effort, and he must have a reasonable rate of success in attaining his goals.

This is all well and good until society gets so good at making food that, poof, the majority of people can no longer actually struggle and attain meaningful goals.

People who do not have real goals to give themselves a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction try to fill the void in their lives with “surrogate activities,” which are basically everything else people do.

I think it is fair to say that modern people do have a lot of surrogate activities, and some of them are pretty embarrassing. Women sometimes become obsessed with dolls and start treating them like real children (eg, “momalorians;”) men become obsessed with movies/ video games in which they pretend to be heroes; and pretty much everyone on the internet thinks that they have something very important to say about politics.

It’s hard to escape the sense that many people obsess about such things because otherwise they would have nothing to say to each other; they don’t derive meaning from their jobs or daily lives, or if they do, nothing that happens to them would make sense to the other people they talk to. At least if I reference Harry Potter, you’ll know what I’m talking about.

That all said, Ted misses one significant way people can still struggle and achieve meaningful goals: by having children. Obviously Ted never had kids of his own, nor did most of the people he knew at university, which is probably why he doesn’t address this in his essay. Nevertheless, having and raising kids is right up there with acquiring food and shelter in the list of basic human drives; evolution guarantees it. And kids, unlike food, are not being mass produced by machines. Raising children is still difficult and, yes, ultimately satisfying.

If raising one child is too simple and doesn’t provide enough difficulty to struggle and overcome, have some more. By kid three or four, you’ll be feeling that sweet, life-enhancing exhilaration of fleeing from an angry tiger. Or you’ll be really tired. No guarantees.

Ted’s next interesting concept is “oversocialization”:

24. Psychologists use the term “socialization” to designate the process by which children are trained to think and act as society demands. A person is said to be well socialized if he believes in and obeys the moral code of his society and fits in well as a functioning part of that society. It may seem senseless to say that many leftists are oversocialized, since the leftist is perceived as a rebel. Nevertheless, the position can be defended. Many leftists are not such rebels as they seem.

25. The moral code of our society is so demanding that no one can think, feel and act in a completely moral way. For example, we are not supposed to hate anyone, yet almost everyone hates somebody at some time or other, whether he admits it to himself or not. Some people are so highly socialized that the attempt to think, feel and act morally imposes a severe burden on them. In order to avoid feelings of guilt, they continually have to deceive themselves about their own motives and find moral explanations for feelings and actions that in reality have a non-moral origin. We use the term “oversocialized” to describe such people. [2]

26. Oversocialization can lead to low self-esteem, a sense of powerlessness, defeatism, guilt, etc. One of the most important means by which our society socializes children is by making them feel ashamed of behavior or speech that is contrary to society’s expectations. If this is overdone, or if a particular child is especially susceptible to such feelings, he ends by feeling ashamed of HIMSELF. Moreover the thought and the behavior of the oversocialized person are more restricted by society’s expectations than are those of the lightly socialized person. The majority of people engage in a significant amount of naughty behavior. They lie, they commit petty thefts, they break traffic laws, they goof off at work, they hate someone, they say spiteful things or they use some underhanded trick to get ahead of the other guy. The oversocialized person cannot do these things, or if he does do them he generates in himself a sense of shame and self-hatred. The oversocialized person cannot even experience, without guilt, thoughts or feelings that are contrary to the accepted morality; he cannot think “unclean” thoughts. And socialization is not just a matter of morality; we are socialized to conform to many norms of behavior that do not fall under the heading of morality. Thus the oversocialized person is kept on a psychological leash and spends his life running on rails that society has laid down for him. In many oversocialized people this results in a sense of constraint and powerlessness that can be a severe hardship. We suggest that oversocialization is among the more serious cruelties that human beings inflict on one another.

I had heard of Ted’s concept of “oversocialization” before reading the essay, but I thought it referred to people who had too many friends, socialized too much, and consequently became too obsessed with what other people think/obsessed with their reputation in other people’s minds.

On the contrary, Ted is taking a rather blank-slate approach to human nature and claiming that the “oversocialized” are people who have been molded by society to be overly restricted in their moral and personal behavior (because it is useful for the system if they act this way). This is “socialized” in the same vein as “sex is a social construct;” like the claim that primitive peoples had lower crime rates than ourselves, Ted at times espouses leftist ideological bits without necessarily realizing it.

Of course people do live in societies and are shaped and molded by them in various ways, but I know many “oversocialized” people, and at least some of them were born that way. Perhaps in a different society that basic tendency of theirs to believe that they are sinners would have been discouraged, but there is still that basic tendency in them; had they been the sorts of people who by nature rebel against authority, our society would give them a great deal to rebel against.

Our society does set the bounds and limits for most people’s morals, however. Our current notion that racism is a great evil, for example, was not shared by our ancestors of two centuries ago.

I’d like to pause and quote Zero HP Lovecraft:

Quoting Zero HP Lovecraft:

Foucault taught that power does not inhere in individuals, but in networks of people, that it is manifest between everyone and everyone else at all times, that it cannot be possessed, only enacted, and that it coerces by manufacturing “truth”

“Truth is a thing of this world: it is produced by constraint. Each society has its regime of truth: the types of discourse it accepts; the mechanisms which enable one to distinguish true and false statements, the means by which each is sanctioned”

Power is induced by “truth”, which is contingent and socially constructed. This makes conservatives bristle, because they rightly know that there is an immutable reality, but they refuse to understand how much flexion their own minds have with regard to the absolute

The dissident right breaks from the “mainstream” right precisely when realizes, along with Foucault, that “truth is not the privilege of those who have liberated themselves.” Moldbug’s famous dictum is “The sovereign determines the null hypothesis” …

Power is decentralized. If a single node in the knowledge/power nexus flips, the cathedral treats it as damage and routes around it. If a Harvard dean or NYT editor goes rogue, they get ignored or ejected.

Everyone knows more or less what power expressed through truth demands. We can sense it; we know the magic words we can say to give orders to others. “That makes me uncomfortable.” “That’s hateful.” “That could offend some people”. The words sound innocent but they aren’t

If you challenge a person who is enacting power, they can escalate. Your nearest authority knows the “truth”, and will side with power. If he doesn’t, his superior will, or his, and so on. In rare cases, these things go to court, where truth is constituted as law and precedent …

Power is the source of social discipline and conformity. To challenge power is not a matter of seeking some ‘absolute truth’, but of detaching the power of truth from the forms of social, economic, and cultural hegemony within which it operates

In some ways, Foucault’s ideas are quite reactionary, and he drew criticism from his leftist colleagues, because his ideas, taken to their logical conclusion, undermine the idea that any kind of “emancipation” is even possible. This is undeniably true.

(There is no such thing as emancipation. Living in society is submitting to social control. Living away from society is submitting to nature’s control. Nature is a harsher master than society.)

Similarly, while living in a technological society necessitates giving up a certain amount of freedom, it also gives a certain amount of freedom. Certainly there are far more career options. Your ancestors were dirt farmers and if they didn’t want to be dirt farmers, well, they could sign up to be sailors and die of scurvy. Slavery, serfdom, and indentured servitude were widespread, child brides were common in many parts of the world, and many people effectively had no one to protect them from abuse. Today has problems, but so did the past.

In many cases, people did not willingly join the industrialized world, but instead had to be dragged kicking and screaming into it–for example, the Inclosure Acts in England and Wales forced over 200,000 farmers off their land and into the cities in the late 1700s and early 1800s, where they became the early proletarian working class of the Industrial Revolution. For many of these people the process was an absolute disaster as rates of death and disease soared. To quote Spartacus Educational:

In 1750 around a fifth of the population [of Britain] lived in towns of more than 5,000 inhabitants; by 1850 around three-fifths did. This caused serious health problems for working-class people. In 1840, 57% of the working-class children of Manchester died before their fifth birthday, compared with 32% in rural districts. (17) Whereas a farm labourer in Rutland had a life-expectancy of 38, a factory worker in Liverpool had an average age of death of 15. (18)

I have seen similar numbers elsewhere. It was really bad, mostly because most houses in Britain did not have running water or sewers at the time. Poop was either thrown into the rivers (which were most people’s only water sources) or simply piled up until someone came and carted it away. And this was the era of horse-drawn carriages, which meant cities were also full of horse poop. For example, in 1880, there were at least 150,000 horses in New York City:

At a rate of 22 pounds per horse per day, equine manure added up to millions of pounds each day and over a 100,000 tons per year (not to mention around 10 million gallons of urine).

It smelled bad, to say the least. The introduction of the automobile was actually heralded for “polluting” less than horses.

But on the other hand, many people were quite happy to go to the cities. The US had both a wide open frontier for aspiring farmers and nothing like Britain’s Inclosure acts, yet still industrialized nonetheless. Presumably most of the people who moved to American cities in search of factory jobs did so voluntarily, like the Lowell Mill Girls:

The Lowell mill girls were young female workers who came to work in industrial corporations in Lowell, Massachusetts, during the Industrial Revolution in the United States. The workers initially recruited by the corporations were daughters of propertied New England farmers, typically between the ages of 15 and 35.[1] By 1840, the height of the Industrial Revolution, the Lowell textile mills had recruited over 8,000 workers, mostly women, who came to make up nearly three-quarters of the mill workforce…

During the early period, women came to the mills of their own accord, for various reasons: to help a brother pay for college, for the educational opportunities offered in Lowell, or to earn supplementary income. Francis Cabot Lowell specifically emphasized the importance of providing housing and a form of education to mirror the boarding schools that were emerging in the 19th century. He also wanted to provide an environment that sharply contrasted the poor conditions of the British Mills. While their wages were only half of what men were paid, many women able to attain economic independence for the first time…

Similarly, we can cite the Great Migration of African Americans from the agricultural US South to Northern manufacturing cities, and millions of people in third world countries who have left their farms behind in favor of factory work. If the switch left them significantly unhappier, we’d expect to see many of them move back (though it is true that many a labor union strike has expressed deep dissatisfaction with factory systems).

At this point, it seems that problems like “no sanitation” have been solved and mos people in the world are enjoying significantly higher standards of living than ever before.

But let’s get back to Ted, because I’ve gotten very far from the oversocialized:

27. We argue that a very important and influential segment of the modern left is oversocialized and that their oversocialization is of great importance in determining the direction of modern leftism. Leftists of the oversocialized type tend to be intellectuals or members of the upper-middle class. Notice that university intellectuals [3] constitute the most highly socialized segment of our society and also the most left-wing segment.

28. The leftist of the oversocialized type tries to get off his psychological leash and assert his autonomy by rebelling. But usually he is not strong enough to rebel against the most basic values of society. Generally speaking, the goals of today’s leftists are NOT in conflict with the accepted morality. On the contrary, the left takes an accepted moral principle, adopts it as its own, and then accuses mainstream society of violating that principle.

This is, of course, exactly what we see right now, with middle and upper-class white liberals demanding that the government do more to enforce the views of middle and upper class white liberals by rioting in the streets and tearing down statues.

Let’s look a bit at the restriction of freedom:

114. As explained in paragraphs 65-67, 70-73, modern man is strapped down by a network of rules and regulations, and his fate depends on the actions of persons remote from him whose decisions he cannot influence. This is not accidental or a result of the arbitrariness of arrogant bureaucrats. It is necessary and inevitable in any technologically advanced society. The system HAS TO regulate human behavior closely in order to function. At work people have to do what they are told to do, otherwise production would be thrown into chaos. Bureaucracies HAVE TO be run according to rigid rules. To allow any substantial personal discretion to lower-level bureaucrats would disrupt the system and lead to charges of unfairness due to differences in the way individual bureaucrats exercised their discretion. It is true that some restrictions on our freedom could be eliminated, but GENERALLY SPEAKING the regulation of our lives by large organizations is necessary for the functioning of industrial-technological society. The result is a sense of powerlessness on the part of the average person. It may be, however, that formal regulations will tend increasingly to be replaced by psychological tools that make us want to do what the system requires of us. (Propaganda [14], educational techniques, “mental health” programs, etc.)

115. The system HAS TO force people to behave in ways that are increasingly remote from the natural pattern of human behavior. For example, the system needs scientists, mathematicians and engineers. It can’t function without them. So heavy pressure is put on children to excel in these fields. It isn’t natural for an adolescent human being to spend the bulk of his time sitting at a desk absorbed in study. A normal adolescent wants to spend his time in active contact with the real world. Among primitive peoples the things that children are trained to do tend to be in reasonable harmony with natural human impulses. Among the American Indians, for example, boys were trained in active outdoor pursuits—

just the sort of thing that boys like. But in our society children are pushed into studying technical subjects, which most do grudgingly. …

117. In any technologically advanced society the individual’s fate MUST depend on decisions that he personally cannot influence to any great extent. A technological society cannot be broken down into small, autonomous communities, because production depends on the cooperation of very large numbers of people and machines. Such a society MUST be highly organized and decisions HAVE TO be made that affect very large numbers of people. When a decision affects, say, a million people, then each of the affected individuals has, on the average, only a one-millionth share in making the decision. What usually happens in practice is that decisions are made by public officials or corporation executives, or by technical specialists, but even when the public votes on a decision the number of voters ordinarily is too large for the vote of any one individual to be significant. [17] Thus most individuals are unable to influence measurably the major decisions that affect their lives. There is no conceivable way to remedy this in a technologically advanced society. The system tries to “solve” this problem by using propaganda to make people WANT the decisions that have been made for them, but even if this “solution” were completely successful in making people feel better, it would be demeaning. …

119. The system does not and cannot exist to satisfy human needs. Instead, it is human behavior that has to be modified to fit the needs of the system. This has nothing to do with the political or social ideology that may pretend to guide the technological system. It is the fault of technology, because the system is guided not by ideology but by technical necessity. [18] … But the system, for good, solid, practical reasons, must exert constant pressure on people to mold their behavior to the needs of the system. … Need more technical personnel? A chorus of voices exhorts kids to study science. No one stops to ask whether it is inhumane to force adolescents to spend the bulk of their time studying subjects most of them hate. When skilled workers are put out of a job by technical advances and have to undergo “retraining,” no one asks whether it is humiliating for them to be pushed around in this way. It is simply taken for granted that everyone must bow to technical necessity. and for good reason: If human needs were put before technical necessity there would be economic problems, unemployment, shortages or worse. The concept of “mental health” in our society is defined largely by the extent to which an individual behaves in accord with the needs of the system and does so without showing signs of stress.

I would like to note a quick objection, that while this is true to some extent, it is also true that mental illness is a real thing that makes people suffer.

Ted is concerned, of course, that all of this making people conform to the needs of the technological system is inhuman and cruel and transforms people into ants.

Finally, we have the question of what happens to ordinary people when technology advances to the point that the jobs they used to do become obsolete.

I’ve been worrying about the “Robot Economy,” as I dubbed it, for about a decade and a half (not as long as Ted, but I’m not as old as he is.) What happens when machines get so good at doing your job that it’s not longer useful to employ you? I treated this subject at length a year or two ago in my review of Auerswald’s The Code Economy, but here is the short version:

So far, the results have been mixed. Losing your job is painful. Entire industries ceasing to employ people is even more painful, as people also lose all of the time and expense they spent to learn how to do those jobs. Retraining massive numbers of people is not easy and sometimes simply not doable. In the short term, at least, economic disruption is pretty bad.

On the long term, though, humans have so far coped with the disappearance of many professions by simply inventing new ones. Back in the 1800s, about 90% of people were farmers. The invention of the tractor rendered most farmers obsolete; one man could now do the work of many. Today, less than 2% of Americans are farmers.

But this massive shift in employment did not result in 88% of Americans being permanently out of work. 88% of us did not have to go on welfare, nor did we starve. People just do new jobs that we didn’t have back in the 1800s.

If technology keeps advancing (as I think it will) and keeps displacing people from their current jobs, we will not necessarily end up with an enormous lumpenproletariat underclass that is doomed to destitution. Certainly there will be painful periods, but in the end, people will probably just get new jobs (and the more we replace repetitive, physically demanding work with robots, the more pleasant I think those new jobs will be).

So this is a bit of a white pill to Kaczynski’s black: while I don’t think things are going to be smooth, and I certainly don’t have any reason to think that America will continue to economically and technologically dominate the world, and I do agree that modern society has a lot of problems, (many of which Kaczynski accurately describes,) I don’t think the world in general is doomed.

That said, you can’t destroy the system. It’s not going to collapse any time soon, though dysgenics could eventually do it in. In the meanwhile, you can join the Amish, if you want. You can move to New York, if that’s your thing. (I can’t imagine wanting to live in NYC given current circumstances, but clearly some people like it there.) Most people will make a few compromises, deal with the inconveniences, and find something worth living for–usually their children.

Cathedral Round-Up: Checking in with the Bright Minds at Yale Law

Yale Law’s Coat of Arms

Yale Law is the most prestigious lawschool in the entire US (Harvard Law is probably #2). YL’s professors, therefore, are some of the US’s top legal scholars; it’s students are likely to go on to be important lawyers, judges, and opinion-makers.

If you’re wondering about the coat of arms, it was designed in 1956 as a pun on the original three founders’ names: Seth Staples, (BA, Yale, 1797), Judge David Daggett aka Doget, (BA 1783), and Samuel Hitchcock, (BA, 1809), whose name isn’t really a pun but he’s Welsh and when Welsh people cross the Atlantic, their dragon transforms into a crocodile. (The Welsh dragon has also been transformed into a crocodile on the Jamaican coat of arms.)

(For the sake of Yale’s staple-bearing coat of arms, let us hope that none of the founders were immoral in any way, as Harvard‘s were.)

So what have Yale’s luminaries been up to?

Professor Yaffe has a new book on Criminal Responsibility, titled The Age of Culpability: Children and the Nature of Criminal Responsibility. The blurb from Amazon:

Gideon Yaffe presents a theory of criminal responsibility according to which child criminals deserve leniency not because of their psychological, behavioural, or neural immaturity but because they are denied the vote. He argues that full shares of criminal punishment are deserved only by those who have a full share of say over the law.

The YLS Today article goes into more depth:

He proposes that children are owed lesser punishments because they are denied the right to vote. This conclusion is reached through accounts of the nature of criminal culpability, desert for wrongdoing, strength of legal reasons, and what it is to have a say over the law. The heart of this discussion is the theory of criminal culpability.

To be criminally culpable, Yaffe argues, is for one’s criminal act to manifest a failure to grant sufficient weight to the legal reasons to refrain. The stronger the legal reasons, then, the greater the criminal culpability. Those who lack a say over the law, it is argued, have weaker legal reasons to refrain from crime than those who have a say, according to the book. They are therefore reduced in criminal culpability and deserve lesser punishment for their crimes. Children are owed leniency, then, because of the political meaning of age rather than because of its psychological meaning. This position has implications for criminal justice policy, with respect to, among other things, the interrogation of children suspected of crimes and the enfranchisement of adult felons. …

He holds an A.B. in philosophy from Harvard and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Stanford.

I don’t think you need a degree in philosophy or law to realize that this is absolutely insane.

Even in countries where no one can vote, we still expect the government to try to do a good job of rounding up criminals so their citizens can live in peace, free from the fear of random violence. The notion that “murder is bad” wasn’t established by popular vote in the first place. Call it instinct, human nature, Natural Law, or the 6th Commandment–whatever it is, we all want murderers to be punished.

The point of punishing crime is 1. To deter criminals from committing crime; 2. To get criminals off the street; 3. To provide a sense of justice to those who have been harmed. These needs do not change depending on whether or not the person who committed the crime can vote. Why, if I wanted to commit a crime, should I hop the border into Canada and commit it there, then claim the Canadian courts should be lenient since I am not allowed to vote in Canada? Does the victim of a disenfranchised felon deserve less justice than the victim of someone who still had the right to vote?

Since this makes no sense at all from any sort of public safety or discouraging crime perspective, permit me a cynical theory: the author would like to lower the voting age, let immigrants (legal or not) vote more easily, and end disenfranchisement for felons.

Professor Moyn has a new book on Human Rights: Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World. According to the Amazon blurb:

The age of human rights has been kindest to the rich. Even as state violations of political rights garnered unprecedented attention due to human rights campaigns, a commitment to material equality disappeared. In its place, market fundamentalism has emerged as the dominant force in national and global economies. In this provocative book, Samuel Moyn analyzes how and why we chose to make human rights our highest ideals while simultaneously neglecting the demands of a broader social and economic justice. …

In the wake of two world wars and the collapse of empires, new states tried to take welfare beyond its original European and American homelands and went so far as to challenge inequality on a global scale. But their plans were foiled as a neoliberal faith in markets triumphed instead.

As Yale puts it:

In a tightly-focused tour of the history of distributive ideals, Moyn invites a new and more layered understanding of the nature of human rights in our global present. From their origins in the Jacobin welfare state

Which chopped people’s heads off.

to our current neoliberal moment, Moyn tracks the subtle shifts in how human rights movements understood what, exactly, their high principles entailed.

Like not chopping people’s heads off?

Earlier visionaries imagined those rights as a call for distributive justice—a society which guaranteed a sufficient minimum of the good things in life. And they generally strove, even more boldly, to create a rough equality of circumstances, so that the rich would not tower over the rest.

By chopping their heads off.

Over time, however, these egalitarian ideas gave way. When transnational human rights became famous a few decades ago, they generally focused on civil liberties — or, at most sufficient provision.

Maybe because executing the kulaks resulted in mass starvation, which seems kind of counter-productive in the sense of minimum sufficient provision for human life.

In our current age of human rights, Moyn comments, the pertinence of fairness beyond some bare minimum has largely been abandoned.

By the way:

From Human Progress

Huh. Why would anyone think that economic freedom and human well-being go hand-in-hand?

The Dramatic Decline in World Poverty, from CATO

At the risk of getting Pinkerian, the age of “market fundamentalism” has involved massive improvements in human well-being, while every attempt to make society economically equal has caused mass starvation and horrible abuses against humans.

Moyn’s argument that we have abandoned “social justice” is absurd on its face; in the 1950s, the American south was still racially segregated; in the 1980s South Africa was still racially segregated. Today both are integrated and have had black presidents. In 1950, homosexuality was widely illegal; today gay marriage is legal in most Western nations. Even Saudi Arabia has decided to let women drive.

If we want to know why, absurdly, students believe that things have never been worse for racial minorities in America, maybe the answer is the rot starts from the top.

In related news, Yale Law School Clinics Secure Third Nationwide Injunction:

The first ruling dramatically stopped the unconstitutional Muslim ban in January 2017, when students from the Worker and Immigrant Rights Advocacy Clinic (WIRAC) mobilized overnight to ground planes and free travelers who were being unjustly detained. The students’ work, along with co-counsel, secured the first nationwide injunction against the ban, and became the template for an army of lawyers around the country who gathered at airports to provide relief as the chaotic aftermath of the executive order unfolded.

Next came a major ruling in California in November 2017 in which a federal Judge granted a permanent injunction that prohibited the Trump Administration from denying funding to sanctuary cities—a major victory for students in the San Francisco Affirmative Litigation Project (SFALP) …

And on February 13, 2018, WIRAC secured yet another nationwide injunction—this time halting the abrupt termination of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA). … The preliminary injunction affirms protections for hundreds of thousands of Dreamers just weeks before the program was set to expire.

And Rule of Law Clinic files Suit over Census Preparations:

The Rule of Law Clinic launched at Yale Law School in the Spring of 2017 and in less than one year has been involved in some of the biggest cases in the country, including working on the travel ban, the transgender military ban, and filing amicus briefs on behalf of the top national security officials in the country, among many other cases. The core goal of the clinic is to maintain U.S. rule of law and human rights commitments in four areas: national security, antidiscrimination, climate change, and democracy promotion.

Meanwhile, Amy Chua appears to be the only sane, honest person at Yale Law:

In her new book, Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations (Penguin, 2018), Amy Chua diagnoses the rising tribalism in America and abroad and prescribes solutions for creating unity amidst group differences.

Chua, who is the John M. Duff, Jr. Professor of Law, begins Political Tribes with a simple observation: “Humans are tribal.” But tribalism, Chua explains, encompasses not only an innate desire for belonging but also a vehement and sometimes violent “instinct to exclude.” Some groups organize for noble purposes, others because of a common enemy. In Chua’s assessment, the United States, in both foreign and domestic policies, has failed to fully understand the importance of these powerful bonds of group identity.

Unlike the students using their one-in-a-million chance at a Yale Law degree to help members of a different tribe for short-term gain, Amy Chua at least understands politics. I might not enjoy Chua’s company if I met her, but I respect her honesty and clear-sightedness.

On a final note, Professor Tyler has a new book, also about children and law, Why Children Follow Rules: Legal Socialization and the Development of Legitimacy. (Apparently the publishers decided to stiff the cover artist.) From the Amazon blurb:

Why Children Follow Rules focuses upon legal socialization outlining what is known about the process across three related, but distinct, contexts: the family, the school, and the juvenile justice system. Throughout, Tom Tyler and Rick Trinkner emphasize the degree to which individuals develop their orientations toward law and legal authority upon values connected to responsibility and obligation as opposed to fear of punishment. They argue that authorities can act in ways that internalize legal values and promote supportive attitudes. In particular, consensual legal authority is linked to three issues: how authorities make decisions, how they treat people, and whether they recognize the boundaries of their authority. When individuals experience authority that is fair, respectful, and aware of the limits of power, they are more likely to consent and follow directives.

Despite clear evidence showing the benefits of consensual authority, strong pressures and popular support for the exercise of authority based on dominance and force persist in America’s families, schools, and within the juvenile justice system. As the currently low levels of public trust and confidence in the police, the courts, and the law undermine the effectiveness of our legal system, Tom Tyler and Rick Trinkner point to alternative way to foster the popular legitimacy of the law in an era of mistrust.

Speaking as a parent… I understand where Tyler is coming from. If I act in a way that doesn’t inspire my children to see me as a fair, god-like arbitrator of justice, then they are more likely to see me as an unjust tyrant who should be disobeyed and overthrown.

On the other hand, sometimes things are against the rules for reasons kids don’t understand. One of my kids, when he was little, thought turning the dishwasher off was the funniest thing and would laugh all the way through timeout. Easy solution: I didn’t turn it on when he was in the room and  he forgot. Tougher problem: one of the kids thought climbing on the stove to get to the microwave was a good idea. Time outs didn’t work. Explaining “the stove is hot sometimes” didn’t work. Only force solved this problem.

Some people will accept your authority. Some people can reason their way to “We should cooperate and respect the social contract so we can live in peace.” And some people DON’T CARE no matter what.

So I agree that police, courts, etc., should act justly and not abuse their powers, and I can pull up plenty of examples of cases where they did. But I am afraid this is not a complete framework for dealing with criminals and legal socialization.

On Socialization

As a parent, I spend much of my day attempting to “socialize” my kids–“Don’t hit your brother! Stop jumping on the couch! For the umpteenth time, ‘yeah, right!’ is sarcasm.”

There are a lot of things that don’t come naturally to little kids. Many of them struggle to understand that these wiggly lines on paper can turn into words or that tiny, invisible things on their hands can make them sick.

“Yes, you have to brush your teeth and go to bed, no, I’m not explaining why again.”

And they definitely don’t understand why I won’t let them have ice cream for dinner.

“Don’t ride your bike down the hill and into the street like that! You could get hit by a car and DIE!”

Despite all of the effort I have devoted to transforming this wiggly bunch of feral children into respectable adults (someday, I hope,) I have never found myself concerned with the task of teaching them about gender. As a practical matter, whether the children behave like “girls” or “boys” makes little difference to the running of the household, because we have both–by contrast, whether the children put their dishes away after meals and do their homework without me having to threaten or cajole them makes a big difference.

Honestly, I can’t convince them not to pick their noses in public or that broccoli is tasty, but I’m supposed to somehow subtly convince them that they’ve got to play Minecraft because they’re boys (even while explicitly saying, “Hey, you’ve been playing that for two hours, go ride your bike,” or that they’re supposed to be walking doormats because they’re girls (even while saying, “Next time he pushes you, push him back!”)

And yet the boys still act like boys, the girls like girls–statistically speaking.

“Ah,” I hear some of you saying, “But you are just one parent! How do you know there aren’t legions of other parents who are out there doing everything they can to ensure that their sons succeed and daughters fail in life?”

This is, if you will excuse me, a very strange objection. What parent desires failure from their children?

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Janet Jackson Rogers Arena, Vancouver BC, September 26

Janet Jackson Rogers Arena, Vancouver BC, September 26
Photo: Kim Jay
The audience at Rogers Arena got a solid dose of '90s nostalgia last night (September 26) as R&B legend Janet Jackson made the Vancouver stop on her "State of the World" Tour. She didn't disappoint die-hard fans, who spanned generations and gave Jackson so much love that the 51-year-old got emotional. "You mean a great deal to me," Jackson said at one point, recounting the tours she had started in Vancouver and all the appreciation she had received over the years as adoring concertgoers threw gifts onto the stage.
The R&B icon made her entrance onstage gracefully, dressed in a long black coat, spinning a cane and spitting out the words to "The Knowledge." Nowadays it's commonplace for touring singers to dip into politics, but Jackson didn't linger on it — throughout the evening, snippets of old music videos and artsy shots of Jackson complemented songs like "Twenty Foreplay," "That's the Way Love Goes" and "If."
The beginning was a little slow, but Jackson and her backup dancers quickly reached peak energy, popping and locking around the stage in sneakers and boots. The backups spanned body type and age — two teen dancers really killed it during "Escapade" and "Dammn Baby" — not to mention race and gender. Due to the sheer volume of Jackson's discography, the hit-maker favoured medleys, linking together tracks like "Nasty," "What Have You Done For Me Lately" and "All For You," to name a few.
"What About" was the poignant high point in the evening, and featured some theatrical, contemporary dance in which dancers acted out various domestic and drug abuse situations as Jackson led them through an empowering routine. Jackson was rarely not moving, which was fitting, as she's known as much for her dancing as for her catchy tunes and understated voice. At times, that voice was overpowered by the music, but this is commonplace in her recordings too.
On the whole, Jackson was lovely and grateful, and her strong but adorable stage persona (she giggled girlishly on more than one occasion) charmed the audience. After having spent nearly her entire life in show business, Jackson is in excellent physical condition and has stayed true to her style — including on "Rhythm Nation," which got a massive reaction from the crowd and featured the original iconic dance routine.
The encore featured the likes of "Runaway" and "Someone to Call My Lover." All in all, the "State of the World" Tour celebrated the long career of a woman who — having initially postponed it to have a child — shows a continued dedication to performance. The love for her is strong, and that fantastic Jackson showmanship is still prominent.


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Best answer: Can you put a higher watt LED bulb in a socket?

When it comes to replacing old incandescent bulbs with LEDs, a common question that customers ask is: “Can I use an LED bulb that has a higher wattage equivalent than my fixture allows?” The simple answer is yes, as long as the LED bulb uses less wattage than your fixture.

Can I put a 60W LED bulb in a 40W socket?

Yes, assuming you’re suggesting an LED that has lumen output similar to a 60 watt lamp. You can use any lamp that consumes up to 40 watts and is shaped similar to the lamp recommended. So for example, if it was a standard A lamp, you could use any LED lamp that consumes up to 40 watts with no safety issue.

Can you put a 100W LED in a 60W socket?

LED bulbs that deliver 800 lm are considered to have equal light output to standard 60W bulbs. … If your fixture is rated to accept 60 Watts, you can safely use 75W, 100W, or even 125W equal bulbs (which all draw less than 50 Watts of power) instead.

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What happens when you put a higher watt LED light bulb?

Using a light bulb with too high of wattage can lead to overheating of the light bulb. This heat can melt the light socket as well as the insulation of the wires. Once that happens, you put yourself at risk of arc faults, and this is something that could even lead to property fires.

Can I use a 100W LED in a 40W socket?

Originally Answered: Can I safely use a 100 LED bulb in a 40-watt-rated open-ended desk lamp? You cannot, since wattage of a fixture is decided not by light output, but by actual wattage of devices that can be used with it – whether LED or filament lamp.

What happens if you put a 100 watt bulb in a 60 watt socket?

Putting a 100-watt bulb in a 60-watt fixture could cause intense heat, melting the light socket and the insulation on the fixture’s wires. Any time you have that kind of damage on wires, you’re at a big risk for arc faults, where an electrical current falls off its intended path— a leading cause of home fires.

What is a 100 watt bulb in LED?

Best color quality: GE Reveal 100W Replacement Bright Stik LED

Cree 100W Replacement LED GE 100W Replacement LED
Brightness (in lumens) 1,606 (1,650 claimed) 1,604 (1,600 claimed)
Energy usage (in watts) 16.5 15
Efficiency (lumens per watt) 97.3 106.9
Color temperature 2,700 K 2,700 K

What is a 60 watt bulb in LED?

LED equivalents to traditional incandescent light bulbs

Incandescent Light Bulb Wattage LED Equivalent Wattage
75 Watt 7.5 Watt
60 Watt 6 Watt
50 Watt 5 Watt
30 Watt 3 Watt
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What is 60W in LED?

An LED that uses 60 watts is in no way comparable to an incandescent bulb that uses 60 watts. In fact, a 60-watt LED just may blind you. LEDs are designed to use less energy and naturally have a lower watt rating.

Can I use a 60 watt bulb in a 3 way lamp?

You can safely operate a 60, 75, or 100 watt regular bulb in a 3-way lamp, assuming it fits on the socket. It will not harm the lamp. Just keep in mind that you will be effectively turning your 3-way lamp into just a regular lamp.

What is the equivalent of a 40 watt bulb in LED?

Compare wattage

Traditional bulb1 Halogen2 LED
40 watts 25 watts 5 watts
60 watts 40 watts 7 watts
75 watts 45 watts 9 watts
100 watts 60 watts 12 watts

How many amps does a 100 watt LED light bulb use?

A 100 Watts bulb draws 0.90 Amps.

Can you put an LED bulb in a regular light fixture?

LEDs can be used in any light fixture, as long as it’s not enclosed or air-tight, and is not an old-style dimmer system. Both these will shorten the lifespan of LED bulbs.

What happens if you use a lower watt bulb?

If you will use a lower wattage bulb in your fixture you will have less light than before, choosing a lower wattage bulb is fine as long you understand that you are compromising on light output (this statement is correct only for incandescent and halogen bulbs).

Can you put a 150 watt bulb in a 100 watt fixture?

A 100-watt bulb will draw more power through the wires than they safely can handle. (It is okay, however, to put a bulb with lower wattage in that fixture—drawing less than the wire’s maximum load isn’t a problem.) Some specialty lamps or other fixtures may have even lower watt ratings for other safety reasons.

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How many amps does a 60 watt LED light bulb use?

A 60 Watts bulb draws 0.54 Amps to operate.


text:
Long Term Drug and Alcohol Rehab for Men

A Reprieve assists adult males with maintaining sobriety as productive members of a community where service to others is the focal point.

A spiritually sound environment where recovery is positive, creative, caring, and fun.

We believe that recovery can only be accomplished through developing positive relationships. Our intent for each individual is to have them create a plan of action that can be developed, improved, and that focuses on three relational areas: spirituality, community, and self.

We strive to help residents understand how they separated from self, from spirituality, and from their fellows. Then we help them develop their personal plan for healthy relations to self, spirituality, and others. This is, of course, accomplished through intensive personal work in the Twelve Step discipline.

Recovery Happens Every Day

A Reprieve for Men finds innovative ways to build bonds and create fun in order to motivate people to begin their recovery.

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A Story of Hope

“So what I can show them is there’s a way out. There’s a way we can stop this madness. We can stop this pain. The family does not have to continue to suffer. I assure you through hearing other people’s experiences and experiencing my own recovery there is a solution.

But we got to work together.

What we get to do everyday is offer someone who’s in that same spot the gift of hope. We can all get sober, we can all stay sober. We can all live a better life.”

Why Choose A Reprieve For Men

12-Step Immersion Program

Academic and career readiness

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Access to strong clinical services

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24/7 staffing and mentoring

Well developed, strong family programming

6-month program with an option to step down transitional living program to reinforce and practice newly acquired healthy skills

An Overview of A Reprieve for Men


text:
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Martha Graham Dance Company: Cave of the Heart, Primitive Mysteries, Appalachian Spring

by Dr. Roberta E. Zlokower
April 7, 2005
New York City Center
130 West 56th Street
(Audience Entrance is on West 55th Street between 6th and 7th Avenues)
(Entrance for Studios and Offices is on West 56th Street between 6th and 7th Avenues)
New York, NY 10019

About the Author:

Martha Graham Dance Company: Cave of the Heart, Primitive Mysteries, Appalachian Spring

Martha Graham Dance Company
(Graham Company Website)

Martha Graham: Founder, Dancer, Choreographer
Terese Capucilli and Christine Dakin: Artistic Directors
Marvin Preston: Executive Director
Isamu Noguchi and Riccardo Hernandez: Scenery Design
Beverly Emmons, Jean Rosenthal, and Christopher Akerlind:
Lighting Design
Aaron Sherber: Music Director/Conductor
Kate Elliott: General Manager
David Pini: Company Manager
Melissa Caolo: Production Stage Manager
Beverly Emmons: Lighting Designer
Martha Graham, Oscar de la Renta, and Donna Zakowska:
Costume Design
General Strategic Marketing, Ltd.,
Jonathan Marder/Martha Thomases: Publicity
Guest Artist: Martha Clarke
Music Director/Conductor: Aaron Sherber
Guest Composer: Franco Piersanti

Presented at City Center
(City Center Website)
(See other Graham Company Interviews, Reviews and Photos)

Dr. Roberta E. Zlokower
April 7, 2005

Martha Graham, Founder, Dancer, and Choreographer of the Martha Graham Dance Company, was one of my greatest heroes. She and I actually shared the same birthday. She was a pioneer and a pillar of strength and encapsulated basic human emotions, especially those of female characters from the frontier and from mythology, drawing inspiration from friends who painted, sculpted, and composed 20th Century music. In 1988, Time Magazine named Martha Graham the Dancer of the Century. During her 70 years as a choreographer, Ms. Graham created 181 ballets and a Modern Dance technique that has been compared to ballet, due to its complexity and depth.

Martha Graham considered herself, first and foremost, a Dancer. I remember seeing her dance. She danced at a point of maturity, when many dancers have retired. Ms. Graham never retired, in my mind, and I recall her accepting Bravura audience acclaim, onstage, in her expansive, golden, Asian styled, Halston gowns. Her black hair was a severe as her dances. She continued to exude the same, studied presence and poise that have been recorded in photos and films of her earliest performances. Ms. Graham founded her dance company and school in 1926 in Carnegie Hall. In Ms. Graham's own words, "In all of us who perform there is an awareness of the smile which is part of the equipment, or gift, of the acrobat. We have all walked the high wire of circumstance at times. We recognize the gravity pull of the earth as he does. The smile is there because he is practicing living at the instant of danger. He does not choose to fall." (Company Notes).

Live Orchestra

Cave of the Heart (1946): Choreography and Costumes by Martha Graham, Music by Samuel Barber, Set by Isamu Noguchi, Original Lighting Design by Jean Rosenthal, Adapted by Beverly Emmons, Performed by Fang-Yi Sheu as Medea, Martin Lofsnes as Jason, Erica Dankmeyer as The Princess, and Katherine Crockett as The Chorus.

This psychological drama of a woman scorned by her husband, as he takes a younger woman, crazed to the point of murdering the husband, his lover, and finally her own two children, is the quintessential Greek tragedy that inspired many of Ms. Graham's psycho-physical modern dances and the quintessential role for her protégées. Ms. Sheu, as Medea, coiled like the human serpent she has become, writhing in angst, as she gazed upon the frolicking, unsuspecting Princess, perfectly portrayed by Ms. Dankmeyer, who places the poisoned crown upon her head. Mr. Lofsnes, as husband, Jason, exudes both positive passion in the presence of his Princess and negative passion in the presence of Medea. His death scene dance, after Medea drags the bound and deceased Princess onstage in a long cloth, is personalized and poignant. Ms. Crockett, as The Chorus, is always in a prescient persona.

Primitive Mysteries (1931): Choreography and Costumes by Martha Graham, music by Louis Horst, Lighting by Beverly Emmons (After Martha Graham), Performed by Christine Dakin and the Company. In this religious and spiritually based dance, Christine Dakin made a rare appearance as solo performer, with lovely, long, light hair flowing down a lovely, long, white dress, an amazing figure in the circle of female celebrants of an American Southwest, Catholic ritual, originally introduced to the region by Spanish conquerors. This Miracle Play, to a score by Ms. Graham's favorite composer, with palpable silences and percussive feet, found Ms. Dakin, also Artistic Director of the Company and a Graham protégée, in strong form and persuasive theatricality. Every stylistic "contraction/release", signature Graham, was performed by the Company in synchronized rhythm.

Martha Graham Dance Company - Primitive Mysteries - Christine Dakin (The Virgin)
Photo courtesy of John Deane

Appalachian Spring (1944): Choreography and Costumes by Martha Graham, Music by Aaron Copland, Set by Isamu Noguchi, original Lighting by Jean Rosenthal, Adapted by Beverly Emmons, Performed by Miki Orihara as The Bride, Tadej Brdnik as The Husbandman, Christophe Jeannot as The Revivalist, Heidi Stoeckley as The Pioneering Woman, and Jennifer DePalo-Rivera, Carrie Ellmore-Tallitsch, Yuko Suzuki, and Blakeley White-McGuire as The Followers.

With The Followers looking on like a Greek Chorus, a bride, her "Husbandman", a wild Revivalist, and a Pioneering Woman, Copland's upbeat score took on a foreboding quality that depicted life in the American prairie. Ms. Orihara, The Bride, was stoic, exuding simplicity of style. Mr. Brdnik presented a muscular, welcoming husband, ever aware of Mr. Jeannot's Revivalist character, who seemed to be reeking of restrained physicality and artificial mores. Ms. Stoeckley, The Pioneering Woman, had the requisite sacrificial presence of the Old Western women, as did The Followers. This singular work visualizes a very singular American folk motif.

Kudos to Martha Graham. Kudos to Martha Graham Dance Company 2005.

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Explore Scientific Smart Microscope Slide: Dicotyledon Cell Sample (English)

English Français Deutsche Nederlandse Italiano Polskimi Portuguesas Español 中国 日本人 한국어

Explore Scientific Smart Microscope Slide: Dicotyledon

Dicotyledons (sometimes called Dicots), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group, namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves (called Cotyledons). Below is a graphic of the inside of a Dicot seed.

Embryo of a Dycot Seed - Image by Tomatosphere/Let’s Talk Science

Embryo of a Dicot Seed - Image reference: Tomatosphere/Let’s Talk Science

There are an incredible number of dicotyledons- nearly two hundred thousand species in all. Flowering plants that are not dicotyledons are called monocotyledons, typically having only one embryonic leaf. But many dicotyledons have the features of monocotyledons, and many monocotyledons have features of dicotyledons, so there is often confusion when trying to identify the differences.

This slide specimen of a dicot stem appears blue and red because of the Methelyne Blue and Eosin (red) stains used to highlight the individual cells structure against the background. Without the stains, these various shaped cells would appear generally colorless making it more difficult to examine the subtle structures. Specimen staining is just one technique to help students researching microscopic specimens to determine what they are (their morphology).

See All Microscopes from Explore Scientific

See all Microscopes from Explore Scientific

[back to index]


text:
Rosalyn is a holistic life and business coach, with a background as a former Registered Psychologist, a 2nd Degree Black Belt inKarate, Certified in Eating Psychology and uses this very cool life transforming method called Hakomi. She struggled with food, body image and money issues herself and has learned to heal these relationships. So with her personal and professional experiences, she absolutely know how to develop the mindset to live your version of a Badass Life!

Direct download: Rosalyn_Inner_B_-_Campus__2017-09-26_11.10_AM.mp3
Category:general -- posted at: 8:02am MDT


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Sử dụng CircleCI làm environment for testing trong Drupal 8

Sử dụng CircleCI làm environment for testing trong Drupal 8

CircleCI is great at enabling developers to spin up an environment for testing from a set of defined images. When dealing with a website with a database, the usual build process involves downloading a database dump, installing it, and then performing tests. Here is a sample job that follows this approach. Notice where the majority of the time is allocated:

Sử dụng CircleCI làm environment for testing trong Drupal 8

CircleCI spent two minutes downloading and installing a fairly small database (92MB compressed, 366MB uncompressed). This may be acceptable, but what if the database size was 1GB? CircleCI jobs would take several minutes to complete, which could slow down the development team’s performance. In this article, we will discover how moving the database installation into a custom Docker image helps to dramatically reduce build times on CircleCI. Let’s go straight to the results and see the log of a job where this has been already implemented:

this has been already implemented

Notice the timings: we are down to eight seconds while the previous screenshot showed two minutes. Isn’t that great? Let’s compare how the traditional method works to the suggested way of doing it.

Installing the database at CircleCI

Here is a typical CircleCI config file, which uses the official MariaDB image and then downloads and installs a database:

Installing the database at CircleCI

With the above setup, CircleCI spends two minutes downloading the database and installing it. Now, let’s see what this job looks like if the database is fetched from a custom Docker image.

custom Docker image

Now CircleCI takes only eight seconds to install dependencies and mount the database and voilà, the container has started. Notice that we are using a custom Docker image hosted at Docker Hub:

hosted at Docker Hub:

The above repository is in charge of building and hosting the image that contains the database in it. In the next section, we will discover how it works.

Installing the database via a Dockerfile

I created a repository on GitHub that contains both the CircleCI job above and the Dockerfile, which Docker Hub uses to build the custom image. Here is the Dockerfile, inspired by lindycoder’s prepopulated MySQL database. Notice the highlighted section, which downloads and places the database in a directory where MariaDB will find it and import it:

MariaDB will find it and import it:

The GitHub repository is connected with Docker Hub, which has a build trigger to build the image that CircleCI uses in the continuous integration jobs:

CircleCI uses in the continuous integration jobs

In addition to achieving faster jobs at CircleCI, once we had the process in place we realized that it was making a positive impact in other areas such as:

  • Faster build times on Tugboat, our tool for deployment previews.
  • Developers started using the database image locally as it gave them an easy way to get a database for their local environment.

Hosting private images

This article’s example uses a public repository at Docker Hub to store the image that contains the database. For a real project, you would host this in a private repository. Here are a couple options to do so:

Quay.io costs $15 per month for five repositories. What I like the most about Quay.io is that it allows the use of robot accounts, which can be used on CI services like CircleCI in order to pull images without having to share your Quay.io credentials as environment variables. Instead, you would create a robot account which has read-only permissions on a single repository on Quay.io and then use the resulting credentials on CircleCI.

Docker hub

Docker hub's free account supports a single private repository. However, it does not support robot accounts like Quay.io so unless you create a Docker account just for the project you're working on, you would have to store your personal Docker Hub passwords—in the form of environment variables—on third-party services like CircleCI.

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Average: 5 (1 vote)
Ảnh của Tommy Tran

Tommy Tran owner Express Magazine

Drupal Developer having 9+ year experience, implementation and having strong knowledge of technical specifications, workflow development. Ability to perform effectively and efficiently in team and individually. Always enthusiastic and interseted to study new technologies

  • Skype ID: tthanhthuy
  • Phone/Zalo: (+84) 944 225 212
  • WhatsApp: (+84) 944 225 212
  • Line Messenger: (+84) 944 225 212
  • Email: asaleotestf@gmail.com
  • Telegram Messenger: https:/t.me/tommytran0401

Quảng cáo việc làm

Thích hợp các bạn nữ mảng thợ may làm việc tại nước NGA

Đơn hàng Tuyển dụng 100 Thợ may đi Nga(đợt 1 tháng 3.2021, đợt 2 tháng 5.2021). Lương thực lãnh 800 USD, bao ăn ở, vé máy bay và visa, phí xuất cảnh(1800 USD)trả khi đi làm có lương. Bạn có thể liên hệ CÔNG TY qua Phone/Zalo: (+84) 944 225 212. Công ty sẽ tư vấn cho bạn.

Xem chi tiết: >>> https://bit.ly/3o9NOfR

Tìm kiếm bất động sản

Dich vu khu trung tphcm

Dich vu diet chuot tphcm

Dich vu diet con trung

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Hướng dẫn sử dụng Drupal Context.module

Hướng dẫn sử dụng Drupal Context.module

In this blog, we are going to introduce to you to the Context module, which puts the power of "If ..., then ..." into your hands.

Facebook Messenger cho Windows chính thức ra mắt

Facebook Messenger cho Windows chính thức ra mắt

Ứng dụng chat của Facebook giờ đây đã có mặt trên Windows. Với ứng dụng này bạn không chỉ có thể chat qua Facebook mà còn có thể cập nhật status

Drupalgeddon - Thử injection Drupal 7 tại form tạo tài khoản và cái kết

CVE-2018-7600 | Drupal < 7.58 / < 8.3.9 / < 8.4.6 / < 8.5.1 - 'Drupalgeddon2' RCE (SA-CORE-2018-002)


text:
Updated to support Joomla 3.x

Mortgate Calculator Updates - Feb 2014

* Now AJAX based using Joomla's built-in ajax component to improve user interactivity
* More responsive in nature to fit mobile devices better
* Vertical or Horizontal layouts
* Template colors customizable via admin options, replacing the 5 static templates
* Allow generation of monthly or yearly amortization schedules or not at all.
* Amortization results shown in modal pop-up or inline
* Bi-weekly payments supported
* Addition of monthly principal supported
* Users can enter down payment
* Printable default or user-defined label on results for your users to more easily compare variations
* Credit to YOUR website (URL) is displayed on printed results
* Multilingual support
* Definable Currency
* Customizabe disclaimer

Included with calculate Mortgage are 6 other calculators: Calculate Debt to Income, APR, Mortgage Loan to Value, Simple Mortgage Comparison, Standard Annuity, Annuity Due

I don't usually write reviews but about 10 minutes ago I downloaded this module and it is now fully functional and configured on the website I am building. Wow!!

Very Good Module

Posted on 19 March 2013
The developer Bryan actually responded to my request right away and upgraded the module to work on Joomla 3. Very cool! Nice product. Nicer guy!
I had an issue (due to MY lack of correct understanding) with getting the print button to appear. Bryan answered my email promptly (despite being a holiday) with the explanation. 3 minutes later, it works like a charm. Thanks for such an inexpensive and helpful module!

Nifty widgets!

Posted on 27 September 2011
I purchased this module for a real estate website. This module has some great options that are easy to switch on and off as needed, and comes with several basic color themes that match most sites. The subscription price is extremely fair and when I ran into a unique bug with my server configuration, the developer responded to my email very quickly and worked out a solution for me. Sure beats searching the internet for free calculator widgets!

Awesome support

Posted on 29 July 2011
Brian created a custom component for from his mortgage calculator the service was outstanding well priced and created a fantastic extension I cannot speak highly enough of them.
What's not to like about this extension?

- Mortgage and amortization is an easy mathematical calculation. What makes this a good extension is that it is done as simply so integrating it into a template is easy.

- It also has an administrator option to display the amortization tables or not.

- Quick response to a question too.

Great Job Bryan!
Calculate! Health
Paid download

Calculate! Health

By Zapus Consulting, LLC
Updated Version - Feb 2014 Bug fixes to improve template interactivity Description Calculate! Health is a set of 5 calculators in one module supporting several common and very useful health calculators for your website. It will help your site user with calculating the following: Completely revamped! Check out the new version of Calculate Health... a completely new look and more modern feel...

Calculate! Mortgage

Zapus Consulting, LLC
Last updated:
Nov 18 2014
6 years ago
Date added:
Nov 18 2014
GPLv2 or later
Paid download

This extension does NOT implement the Joomla! Update System

Write a review


text:
The family Cutrera have been tending and cultivating olive trees since 1906 in Chiarmonte Gulfi, in the southeast area of Sicily. The descendants of the patriarch, Giovanni Cutrera, founder of the first mill are carrying on that tradition today. His youngest son, Salvatore, with the help of other family members manages the largest and most modern mill in all of Sicily.

I first met Salvatore while attending my first Flos Olei event in Rome in 2014. This event, taking place in the late fall, heralds the introduction of the years’ new extra virgin olive oils from all over the world. His imposing form, standing behind his table of extra virgin oils, belied the fact that this man was one of the nicest and kindest gentlemen I have met in the industry.

Cutrera producer moment

We met again in New York City in 2015 at the New York Fancy Food Show and he invited us to visit his mill during the harvest. This we did and were treated to a grand tour of the mill and olive oil tasting of the new extra virgins along with visiting his kitchens where new products, (preserves, jams and spreads) were being prepared. Everything was delicious! The Cutrera family is always looking for the latest technological advances (such as; newer and advanced machinery, storing their oils in stainless steel tanks under nitrogen to preserve freshness and health qualities, and even placing nitrogen in their bottles during the bottling process). The result is an excellent olive oil, tremendously fruity and yet with balanced bitterness and spice.

Frantoi Cutrera produces several different extra virgin olive oils both DOP and Organic and has capitalized on their experiences with different cultivars of olives to produce monocultivars and various blends of extra virgins. Receiving over 130 Awards and Recognitions over the past 12 years has rewarded the Frantoi!

Related products

Frantoi Cutrera Primo D.O.P. Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Frantoi Cutrera
0.5 L $33.95
0.25 L $21.95
0.10 L $4.95


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text:
NEWS: Virtual Immortality

John Blanco-Losada (
Mon, 23 Jun 97 09:28:15 -0400

>From today's Edupage newsletter:

>Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University envision a huge multimedia
>database that could store minute-by-minute details of your waking life, all
>packed on a hard disk the size of a quarter. "Your
>great-great-grandchildren will be able to ask your database about your life
>and times," says Dr. Raj Reddy, dean of the School of Computer Science. As
>hard-drive prices plummet, "storing all your visual experiences during your
>5,840 waking hours per year, including all your creative expressions, will
>soon cost less than $1,000," predicts the director of CMU's new Human
>Computer Interaction Institute, who predicts that in about 15 years, storage
>costs will fall to about $50 for 100 years of life. Meanwhile, making
>computers think more like people is the goal of the new Center for the
>Neural Basis of Cognition: "Every man, woman and child will soon be using
>information technology as an integral part of their daily lives," says
>Reddy. "So we're spending intellectual capital to understand how to make IT
>like driving a car. Most people drive, yet they don't care much about how
>the engine works. Whereas 90 years ago, you had to be your own mechanic."
>(Business Week 23 Jun 97)

FYI, the cover story on this edition of Business Week is called "The
Digital Frontier," and features interviews with many other "cutting edge"

(To subscribe to Edupage:
send mail to: with the message: subscribe edupage
your name)

John Blanco-Losada "You must be the change you wish to see in the world." - M. Gandhi

Do you believe in Macintosh? Please check out:


text:
Thursday, May 31, 2012

SkyWatch Friday - Reflection

Andy | Thursday, May 31, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

A reflection of me and the sunset in my driver's side car window. I'm linking to SkyWatch Friday

Wednesday, May 30, 2012

Signs, Signs - Monkey Business

Andy | Wednesday, May 30, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

This is the newest shop to open for business in my neighbourhood. In my opinion the young people that work here are modern day artist that use skin instead canvas for their art work.

The door handle also caught by eye. I'm linking to Lesley's Signs, Signs.

Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Baby Maples

Andy | Tuesday, May 29, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

It's that time of year when the maple trees scatter their seeds.

A little further along the sidewalk I spotted these red ones.

This is the most popular Maple Leaf in Canada.

Monday, May 28, 2012

Sunday, May 27, 2012

Music To My Camera

Andy | Sunday, May 27, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

Last Thanksgiving she was playing with a group on the Halifax waterfront.

Saturday, May 26, 2012

Goose Parade

Andy | Saturday, May 26, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

I live close to the water so I have lots of opportunities to photograph life on the bay. I spotted these geese and thought they were trying to organize themselves to do some synchronized swimming.

I watching for a few more minutes. They got their act together and formed a straight line. The only thing missing is Esther Williams.

Friday, May 25, 2012

There're Back!

Andy | Friday, May 25, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

Turn the clock back about twenty years and you would not have seen these birds in my part of the country. Now of days when spring returns in Ontario so do the cormorants

Thursday, May 24, 2012

Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Do You Get My Drift

Andy | Tuesday, May 22, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

Looking down from the top of a cliff. This could be paradise for anyone collecting driftwood.

Monday, May 21, 2012

Man In The Kayak

Andy | Monday, May 21, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

I was out exploring the north end of the bay when I spotted this sight on the water. When he got close to me we had an interesting conversation.

Comparing our notes on what wildlife we had seen in the area both of us discovered that we had seen creatures that the other hadn't. This is Jason and I have the feeling I'll be seeing more of him.

Sunday, May 20, 2012

Andy | Sunday, May 20, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

The perfect, tiny, little, white, picket, fence.

Saturday, May 19, 2012

Koi Tattoo

Andy | Saturday, May 19, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

My son's latest tattoo. You can see his first one here.

Friday, May 18, 2012

X Marks The Spot

Andy | Friday, May 18, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

Two contrails produced from jet engines made it appear as if someone had made a giant X in the sky. It brought back memories from my youth when skywriting was common.

Thursday, May 17, 2012

Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Signs, Signs - Made In?

Andy | Wednesday, May 16, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

God made Heaven and Earth, and the rest was made in China. Source unknown.
I'm linking to Lesley's Signs, Signs.

Tuesday, May 15, 2012

Andy | Tuesday, May 15, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

A fancy downspout for removing rainwater from the roof.

Monday, May 14, 2012

Sunday, May 13, 2012

Separated From Mom

Andy | Sunday, May 13, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

In the Claremont Co-Op with my trusty camera I captured these babies.
This one is a brown hen.

The white laying hen.

The turkey chick. Today is Mother's Day. Make the best of it.

Saturday, May 12, 2012

Face Painting

Andy | Saturday, May 12, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

These three young ladies were very cooperative when I asked permission to photograph them. Their nature themed face paintings were eye candy to my camera.

Thursday, May 10, 2012

Andy | Thursday, May 10, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

When the summer heat comes we will be seeking out spots like this.

Wednesday, May 09, 2012

Signs, Signs - Puppy Love

Andy | Wednesday, May 09, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

If you were a Durham Region Transit bus driver this would be the last sign you see leave the garage before entering service. I'm linking to Lesley's Signs, Signs.

Tuesday, May 08, 2012

The Sound Of Music

Andy | Tuesday, May 08, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

Music comes in various sizes. There's the two person band.

Then there's the quartet. The drummer is out of sight, but really there are four people playing.

The Big Band with a conductor. Different sizes with each having it's own unique sound.

Monday, May 07, 2012

Andy | Monday, May 07, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

Trilliums are the official symbol for the Province of Ontario. This is the only time of year you will see them growing in the wild.

Sunday, May 06, 2012

Trafalgar Castle School

Andy | Sunday, May 06, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

The first time I saw this building it just grabbed my eyes. Driving down a residential street in Whitby it just suddenly appears when you don't expect to see something out of the ordinary.

The main doors are known as The Lion Entrance. In 1859, this imposing structure was originally built for Nelson Reynold's, the sheriff of the county and took three years to complete. A mock-Elizabethan castle even has a legendary "hidden chamber" and a secret tunnel to complete it's reputation as a true castle of old. At the time of my visit the school was closed and I never got the chance to explore the interior.

In 1879, it came into the possession of the Methodist Church who turned it into the Ontario Ladies' College which changed names in 1979 to Trafalgar Castle School and is recognized as one of the finest private girls school's in the province.

Saturday, May 05, 2012

Weekly Top Shot - Reflecting

Andy | Saturday, May 05, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

It was a perfect day and time of day for getting this reflection shot. I'm Linking to Weekly Top Shot.

Friday, May 04, 2012

Wind Sock

Andy | Friday, May 04, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

This spring there has been some strong winds blowing through here. Today, as the wind sock indicates, there is no wind.

Thursday, May 03, 2012

Parked On The Grass

Andy | Thursday, May 03, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

If my wife ever wins the lotto, I'm going to ask her (beg?) to buy me one of these.

Wednesday, May 02, 2012

Signs, Signs - Boot Camp

Andy | Wednesday, May 02, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

When the going gets TUFF, the TUFF get going. I'm linking to Lesley's Signs, Signs.

Tuesday, May 01, 2012

Tanks A Lot

Andy | Tuesday, May 01, 2012 | Best Blogger Tips

I have absolutely no info on this tank.
It's located at The Oshawa Military and Industrial Museum. The museum showcases the largest collection of running and otherwise operational military equipment in Canada.

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