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24th Annual Surgery Report

Follow the links below to read other articles from annual update on surgery:
MIGS: Follow the Fluid Trail

The Preoperative Ocular Surface Checkup

Understanding the Role of IOL Optics in Postoperative Vision Complaints

Excise and Conquer: Adding Minor Surgical Procedures to the Optometric Office

Laser vision correction (LVC) is the most popular elective medical procedure done in the United States, and its most feared complication is the corneal failure known as ectasia.1 LVC includes Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), and other less common forms of laser vision correction; all of these surgeries without exception carry a risk of inducing ectasia.2 Optometrists have many of the skills and tools to detect at-risk patients before they ever get to the surgeon and a number of methods and technologies may help reduce the incidence.3,4

This article describes the risk factors for corneal ectasia and how to evaluate patients for them.

Fig. 1. A subtle case of asymmetric bowtie on topography. Scheimpflug imaging later confirmed that this 18-year-old male had early keratoconus. Notice that the scale is carefully set to 0.5D increments for good sensitivity.

Post-LVC Ectasia

Patients who develop this complication will experience uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) loss, sometimes severely, and often uncorrectable with glasses.5 The average UCVA in post-LVC patients with ectasia is 20/400, and aberrations reduce even their average best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) to only 20/100.5

Post-LVC ectasia is a biomechanical failure of the wall of the cornea, resulting in thinning and protrusion, but without acute inflammation.6 After LVC, the flap no longer contributes meaningfully to the strength of the cornea, and the untouched posterior stroma must resist any forces on its own. Within the stroma, intralamellar bonds can fracture and slip under the stress of outside forces, such as intraocular pressure (IOP), eye rubbing, blinking and extraocular muscle forces. Though these forces are small, the damage can mount cumulatively until the cornea finally fails.6 Ectasia can occur from three months to six years after surgery; however, the peak incidence occurs at 12 months.2

Exam Room Clues

Post-LVC ectasia remains such an insidious threat precisely because we have no single test that can determine whether a patient is at risk; instead, we must consider a constellation of risk factors. The primary ones are the patient’s refractive error, age, systemic health, retinoscopy clues, slit lamp findings, pachymetry and especially keratometry.1,2 Because the relative importance of these risk factors has not been definitively quantified, the presence of even one concerning finding is often enough to trigger a decision to avoid surgery.

Certain refractions place a patient at higher risk. In myopic ablations, the higher the correction required, the more stroma the laser must remove; for this reason an ablation of more than -8.00D is considered higher risk, and more than -12.00D is rarely attempted.1 Corneal thickness can affect these calculations to some extent.

Any increasing astigmatism, or astigmatism at 90˚ to that of the fellow eye, increases the risk of an undetected keratoconus.

A stable refractive error over several years is a strong indication that your patient can be considered for LVC. Because refractions tend to stabilize with time, age is a crucial risk factor. A mildly concerning topographic finding can eliminate a candidate at age 20, but be regarded as benign at age 40. Keratoconus is generally detected in the early 20s, and becomes rarer after the fourth decade.1

Certain systemic health conditions pose an absolute contraindication.5 These include:

• Down syndrome (for which one in seven patients develops keratoconus).

• Turner syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting females that among many other effects also predisposes to keratoconus.

• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a genetic connective-tissue disorder.

• Marfan syndrome, another genetic connective-tissue disorder.

Any family history of keratoconus should also be considered a red flag. Any scissoring reflex with the retinoscope or oil-drop reflex with the direct ophthalmoscope suggest keratoconus; these would likely be reinforced by other findings such as irregular topography or limited BCVA.

The clinician must be attentive to the classic slit-lamp findings associated with keratoconus. Among these, the most salient is the presence of Vogt’s striae: thin folds on the endothelium, usually vertical. Other possible signs include a Fleischer ring, corneal thinning and prominent corneal nerves.

Any distortion of the manual keratometer mires will probably eliminate a patient from candidacy.

Fig. 2. A difference of greater than 1.4D when comparing equivalent points above and below the horizontal meridian classifies this cornea as high risk due to inferior steepening.

Because post-LVC ectasia may be subjectively indistinguishable from simple refractive regression, you should be on high alert whenever an LVC patient presents seeking an enhancement. All of the criteria discussed in this article pertain, with a high level of wariness. Keep in mind that post-LVC ectasia does not always manifest as a keratoconus-like inferior steepening and astigmatism, but may only be a suspicious progressive myopia. These cases will be evaluated with great care by any surgery center.

Fig. 3. This analysis of the same cornea seen in Figure 2 demonstrates a skewed radial axis. Note that lines drawn to bisect the superior and inferior lobes deviate from each other by more than 30°.

Placido disc topographers (e.g., Medmont, Eyesys, Atlas) use a system of concentric rings projected onto the cornea to calculate corneal curvatures and irregularities. Whether a small-cone or large-cone system is used, these tools are extremely helpful in detecting corneal anomalies.

When scrutinizing topographies for signs of corneas at risk for ectasia, you should be on the alert for these types of topographies: normal, asymmetric bowtie, inferior steepening, skewed radial axis and abnormal.5

• An asymmetric bowtie will show a significantly greater area of steepening inferiorly than superiorly (Figure 1).

• Inferior steepening is defined as a difference of 1.4D or greater when comparing two equivalent points in the inferior and superior cornea (Figure 2).

• A skewed radial axis is interpreted by drawing imaginary lines to bisect the superior and inferior lobes of the bowtie; if these lines deviate from each other by greater than 30°, it is classified as skewed (Figure 3).

• Abnormal topographies include the classic “kissing dove” and “crab claw” patterns that indicate pre-existing corneal failure, as well as anything else out of the ordinary (Figure 4).

If a patient presents with any of the warning signs listed above, order further testing as necessary to determine if they have keratoconus (snowman pattern) or pellucid marginal degeneration (kissing-doves pattern). If in doubt, simply repeat corneal measurements in four to six months, as these cases tend to be progressive.

Fig. 4. The “kissing doves” sign clearly indicates early ectasia; this would be classified as abnormal topography.

Topography alone does not tell the full story. When topography is combined with pachymetry readings, the clinician is better equipped to educate the patient on their candidacy for LVC.

One of the first risk factors noticed for post-LVC ectasia was an abnormally thin cornea. A central corneal thickness less than 500µm is roughly three standard deviations thinner than average and is abnormal; for years 500µm was considered the cut-off for a safe procedure, and any thinner corneas were considered for PRK. This procedure does not create a flap and the ablation does not go as deep into the stroma as does LASIK.

Any incision weakens the integrity of the cornea. The residual stromal bed (RSB) is the amount of untouched corneal tissue remaining following LVC. Surgeons pay close attention to the depth of the RSB because adhesions between a LASIK flap and virgin cornea are weak, and the flap is considered to no longer contribute any strength to the cornea. Once you obtain a central pachymetry measurement, you can estimate the RSB yourself. If the ablation is done over the standard diameter of 7mm, the depth of the ablation can be estimated using Munnerlyn’s formula.7 For the diopters of correction, use the sphere plus the full astigmatic amount (See “Applying Munnerlyn’s formula”).

An RSB thinner than 300µm increases the patient’s risk. Imprecise corneal pachymetry preoperatively and variability in the depth of the flap will impact the RSB prediction, particularly in those with already thinner than average CCT.8 As more tissue is altered and less virgin tissue remains, the patient’s risk for ectasia increases, even if there are no other predispositions noted.9

Applying Munnerlyn’s Formula

The formula states: Depth of ablation = optic zone diameter2 x dioptric correction ÷ 3

Assuming a 7mm optic zone, the formula can be restated as 16 x diopters of full correction (sphere + full astigmatism). As the flap can be estimated at 120µm, the RSB is then easily calculated: RSB = pre-op corneal thickness – (120µm flap thickness + depth of ablation)

For patient with a 550µm cornea, undergoing standard LASIK for a refraction of -4.00 -2.00 x 180, RSB would be calculated like this:

RSB = 550µm – 120µm – (16 x 6.00) = 334µm

Risk-scoring System

The many risk factors for ectasia are not equally significant. In 2008, Randleman introduced the Ectasia Risk Score System (ERSS), which weights the primary risk factors to help practitioners identify patients who are at the most risk for developing progressive post-keratorefractive ectasia. The system scores the categories of age, residual stromal bed thickness (RSB), preoperative corneal thickness (CT), topography and preoperative spherical equivalent manifest refraction into point intervals by order of risk for ectasia. A summation of those points by category indicates the patient’s predilection for postoperative ectasia with lower points corresponding to lower risk.10

The many risk factors for ectasia are not equally significant. In 2008, Randleman introduced the Ectasia Risk Score System (ERSS), which weights the primary risk factors to help practitioners identify patients who are at the most risk for developing progressive post-keratorefractive ectasia. The system scores the categories of age, residual stromal bed thickness (RSB), preoperative corneal thickness (CT), topography and preoperative spherical equivalent manifest refraction into point intervals by order of risk for ectasia. A summation of those points by category indicates the patient’s predilection for postoperative ectasia with lower points corresponding to lower risk.10

The categorization of the topography is the only section requiring the physician’s judgment, but also is weighted heavily as it was the most predictive factor for the eventual development of ectasia (Tables 1 and 2).

Despite a decade of debate, it has proven difficult to create a more robust or efficient scoring system. Any clinician with access to a topographer and pachymeter can complete this assessment independently.

New Approaches

Researchers are currently exploring ways in which subtle clues found in the posterior cornea and in global keratometry may provide more definitive clues of an at-risk cornea. These indications can only be seen when the entire cornea is mapped, including the posterior surface. Devices using slit-scan technology, such as the Orbscan (Bausch + Lomb) and Scheimpflug imaging such as the Pentacam (Oculus) and Galilei (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG) can model the cornea in three dimensions, allowing more detailed measurements of corneal elevation and pachymetry.3,11

The Pentacam’s Belin-Ambrosio and refractive displays focus on specific corneal measurements to alert practitioners when measurements indicate a higher risk for ectasia.12 In addition to detecting anterior corneal anomalies, the Belin-Ambrosio interface calculates both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and compares them.12 If the central posterior curvature is significantly steeper than the anterior surface, the patient is more likely to develop ectasia.12 Asymmetry across the horizontal meridian, where the top half does not closely mirror the bottom half, is a strong indicator for an irregular surface not ideal for LVC.13

Undoubtedly, additional factors exist that we have yet to discover. For instance, researchers have shown that eyes with keratoconus have abnormal rebound when deformed, an attribute called corneal hysteresis.13 This quality can now be measured using a device called the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert), which indents the cornea with a strong jet of air and then measures its rebound reaction. Some studies suggest that this device will be a helpful tool.14

The prevalence of keratoconus in first-degree relatives is 3.34%, roughly 65 times higher than that in the general population, leading to the search for a genetic marker for ectasia risk.15 This has been complicated, but recent genome-wide linkage studies have made significant findings. Several autosomal-recessive genes have now been implicated, including genes coding for collagens and the production of extracellular matrix. One of the most significant of these is the LOX gene, which codes for a copper-dependent enzyme responsible for the crosslinking of collagens and elastin; defects in this gene have also been linked with a predisposition to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.16

Unfortunately, despite the most rigorous preoperative screening, some patients will still go on to develop visually significant ectasia. Research shows 32% of post-LVC ectasia cases have completely normal preoperative topographies, with no warning signs even in post-hoc analysis.8 For this reason it is crucial to be clear with each LVC candidate that we cannot eliminate all risk, and that these elective procedures inevitably carry some risk of ectasia, as well as the other risks, such as glare, dry eyes, inaccurate outcome, inflammation, epithelial ingrowth and hastening of presbyopia. Carefully explain this to your patient, listen until they explicitly accept this risk and document the conversation in your chart.

Drs. Kuhn-Wilken and Roan are staff optometrists at Pacific Cataract & Laser Institute, in Tacoma, WA and Bellevue, WA, respectively.

1. Saad A, Binder P, Gatinel D. Evaluation of the percentage tissue altered as a risk factor for developing post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43:946-51.

2. Wolle M, Randleman J, Woodward M. Complications of refractive surgery: ectasia after refractive surgery. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2016;56(2):129-41.

3. Woodward M, Randleman J, Russell B, et al. Visual rehabilitation and outcomes for ectasia after corneal refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34(3):383-8.

4. Binder P, Trattler W. Evaluation of a risk factor scoring system for corneal ectasia after LASIK in eyes with normal topography. J Refractive Surg. 2010; 26(4):241-50.

5. Spadea L, Cantera E, Cortes M, et al. Corneal ectasia after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis: a long-term study. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2012:6(1): 1801-13.

6. Chan C, Saad A, Randleman J. Analysis of cases and accuracy of 3 risk scoring systems in predicting ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44:979-92.

7. Wang M. Keratoconus & keratoectasia: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Thorofare NJ: SLACK Inc. 2010;51-60.

8. Binder P, Lindstrom R, Stulting R, et al. Keratoconus and corneal ectasia after LASIK. J Cataract Refract Surg.2005;31(11):2035-8.

9. Chang A, Tsang A, Contreras J, et al. Corneal tissue ablation depth and the Munnerlyn formula. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Jun;29(6):1204-10.

10. Randleman JB, Woodward M, Lynn MJ, et al. Risk assessment for ectasia after corneal refractive surgery. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:37-50

11. Ambrósio R, Ramos I, Lopes B, et al. Assessing ectasia susceptibility prior to LASIK: the role of age and residual stromal bed (RSB) in conjunction to Belin-Ambrósio deviation index (BAD-D). Revista Brasileira De Oftalmologia, 2014;73(2):87-95.

12. Belin MW, Khachikian SS, Ambrósio Jr R, Salomão M. Keratoconus/ectasia detection with the Oculus Pentacam: Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display. Highlights of Ophthalmology. 35:6;5-12.

13. Belin M, Holladay J, Michelson M, et al. The Pentacam: precision, confidence, results, and accurate Ks! Cataract and Refract Surg Today. www.pentacam.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pentacam.de/downloads/publikationen/sonderdrucke/2007-Supplement_Pentacam_AAO_2006.pdf. January 2007. Accessed November 17, 2018.

14. Galletti JG, Pförtner T, Bonthoux FF. Improved keratoconus detection by ocular response analyser testing after consideration of corneal thickness as a confounding factor. J Refract Surg. 2012;28:2025-208.

15. Wang Y, Rabinowitz YS, Rotter JI, et al. Genetic epidemiological study of keratoconus: evidence for major gene determination. Am J of Medical Genetics. 2000; 93:403-409.

16.  Bykhovskaya Y, Margines B, Rabinowitz YS. Genetics in keratoconus: where are we? Eye and Vision. 2016:3;16.


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Home » 30 Christmas Couple Captions for the Perfect Holiday Instagram Post

30 Christmas Couple Captions for the Perfect Holiday Instagram Post

The Christmas vacation is sort of right here and there’s no different time of the yr that’s extra enchanting. From the snow-covered wonderland to the meals and the presents, all the things about this time of yr is particular. The one factor that may make it much more magical is you probably have somebody particular by your facet to have fun.

There’s nothing fairly as memorable as your important different assembly your loved ones over the Christmas holidays and having them participate in all of your particular household traditions. In fact, you’re going to need to immortalize the vacation together with your love and get as many footage of the 2 of you on the vacation events. However in the event you’ve already spent weeks getting ready meals and festive decorations, don’t spend the remainder of the vacations agonizing over the right caption in your ‘gram.

As a substitute, listed below are some cute and Christmassy captions for {couples} to make use of in any and all vacation social media posts.

Cute Christmas couple captions

1. A magical night time with an much more magical particular person.

2. Discovered my particular person, now all we’d like is to seek out some mistletoe.

3. Kissing you makes sweater climate so a lot better.

4. Let’s fake these palm timber are our mistletoe.

5. Merry all the things and a contented all the time.

6. Has anybody seen my mistletoe?

7. Smitten like a pair of mittens.

8. It is s’greater than a sense.

9. Be a deer and publish with me for an elfie?

10. Roses are crimson, snowflakes are blue. Simply so you already know, I actually love you.

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11. Make it a December to recollect.

12. ‘Tis the season for lovin’.

13. Child, you had me at ho ho ho.

14. Meet me beneath the mistletoe.

15. Christmas should still be coming, however I’ve already obtained one of the best current.

Supply: getty

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16. Whereas everyone seems to be dreaming of snow, I am dreaming of extra holidays with you.

17. The one present I would like this yr is your presence.

18. Should you want us between now and New 12 months’s, we’ll be beneath the mistletoe.

19. There’s snow place like house.

20. I solely have ice for you.

Track-inspired Christmas couple captions

21. “On the primary day of Christmas, my real love gave to me….”

22. “All I would like for Christmas is you.” —Mariah Carey

23. “You’re the jingle to my bell.”

24. “Hurry down the chimney tonight.” —Eartha Kitt

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25. “Holidays are joyful, there’s all the time one thing new. However daily’s a vacation once I’m close to to you.” —The Carpenters

26. “A really Merry Christmas and a contented new yr. Let’s hope it is a good one, with none worry.” —John Lennon & The Plastic Ono Band

27. “My world is crammed with cheer and also you this Christmas.” —Donny Hathaway

About the author

Derek is the great gaming geek for longer than he cares to admit and love everything about the gaming world. He is connected with tech work from the last five years and always loves to learn and writer new about the current technology. You can mail him @ derek@rexweyler.com.

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Home » How to donate to the Cleveland Animal Protective League
General News

How to donate to the Cleveland Animal Protective League

It was a day-long effort to help raise money for the Cleveland APL. And the results were impressive — a record-breaking $100,000 was raised.

“We’re doing it for all the animals we care for,” said Judy Hunter of the Cleveland APL.

Again, all proceeds will be used to benefit the Cleveland APL. The money helps assist the APL with medical care, animal rescue and daily care of animals at the shelter. The APL relies 100% on donations from the public and charitable companies. They get no government funding. The money raised each year in the Fur-Get-Me-Not telethon is critical to their mission and their ability to do their great work.

This past year as we rolled through a pandemic, for many people our pets became focal points of our lives. For some they kept us from loneliness or isolation, for others they just became a constant source of entertainment. And for still others, they forced us out of our homes doing walks and romps in the park more than ever. Let’s make sure we help our beloved friends and the people who work to save thousands of pets each year!

Editor’s note: Video in the player above about reducing your dog’s anxiety when you return to the office was originally published on March 31, 2021.

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Home » Sorry ‘General Hospital’ Fans — You’ll Be Stuck in Rerun Purgatory for a While

Sorry ‘General Hospital’ Fans — You’ll Be Stuck in Rerun Purgatory for a While

Whereas three of the 4 primetime soaps are caught airing reruns, there’s nonetheless one cleaning soap opera you’ll be able to depend on for brand new content material. NBC’s Days of Our Lives nonetheless has sufficient authentic episodes banked to final them till autumn of 2020 (we have been going to say “fall of 2020,” however we actually don’t have to put that concept into the universe, proper?).

We’re not saying Days of Our Lives has a bunch of time vacationers or psychics on its employees, however we’re not not saying that both. Anyway, we’ve got some critical questions on how they’re capable of movie so many months’ price of episodes that far upfront. That being stated, we’re additionally positive that followers of the present — and of soaps on the whole — are in all probability fairly happy with the manufacturing schedule as of late.

So, when will there be new episodes of Common Hospital? There have been some rumors that they’d be again to filming on June 22, 2020, however these have since been disproven. As of proper now, there’s no phrase on when manufacturing will resume on Common Hospital, however relaxation assured: it will be again. In spite of everything, we’ve got to seek out out whether or not Peter was concerned with Holly’s dying, proper?

About the author

Derek is the great gaming geek for longer than he cares to admit and love everything about the gaming world. He is connected with tech work from the last five years and always loves to learn and writer new about the current technology. You can mail him @ derek@rexweyler.com.

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Geyser repairs Klevehill Park

Geyser repairs Klevehill Park

Getting precise locations of a leak can be a major factor in the amount of damages and time needed to ensure a quick resolve. At Geyser repairs Klevehill Park as specialists in Geyser repairs and repairs, we provide affordable and accurate Geyser repairs using quality equipment and highly skilled technicians.

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Finding a leak in your home, business and other affected areas may mean that the area has to be dug up, destroying the surface and surrounding areas.

At Geyser repairs Klevehill Park we use state of the art Geyser repairs technology available on the market today which helps us guarantee you a non-destructive and non-invasive Geyser repairs as possible.

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Call Geyser repairs Klevehill Park for trusted and quality Geyser repairs services, learn more about us.

Due to the fact that we locate leaks 100% of the time and ensure that the area where the leak repair took place does not even show that there was work being done on it. Our customers have recommended their friends and family due to the high level of satisfaction gained when dealing with us.

X-Marks The Spot Geyser repairs Klevehill Park

Often times you will see an X mark on the surface where the leak is detected. Our X markings are not a general area where the leak is, it is a 100% accurate marking that shows the exact spot where the leak is located.

Our Geyser repairs procedures are efficient and effective on all types of plumbing systems due to the fact that we use the latest technology and experienced technicians.

At Geyser repairs Klevehill Park our technicians have over 20 years of experience and seniors supervise our junior technicians. We pass years of skills down to ensure that our clients get the best services as possible. Get in touch with us today for a free quote and we will take care of your leaks.


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Leak Detection in Cleveden

Leak Detection in Cleveden

Did you know you can get a free leak detection when we do your repairs, at Leak Detection in Cleveden we provide precise leak detection services using the worlds best leak detection equipment and our technicians are always ready to help you with all the leaks in your property at extremely competitive rates.

Leak Detection in Cleveden uses world class detection equipment to detect your leaks for free.

We are so confident about our services only because we have not failed to successfully locate leaks no matter where they can be. If you request our services and we find a leak you will not be charged for the service, you are only charged for the leak repairs.

At Leak Detection in Cleveden we advise our clients to repairs leaks as soon as they are observed. Leaving a leak unattended will only result in you spending more on repairs and possible having to replace affected objects in the area where the leak is located.

Leak Detection in Cleveden offers fast and quality leak detection solutions, avoid huge expenses on excavation costs and leak repairs, more about our services:
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Leak Detection in Cleveden has advanced leak detection technology and highly trained leak detection experts .

Leak Detection in Cleveden uses advanced technologies – All the leak detection used is upgraded every few years by the latest leak detection equipment on the market.

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Leak Detection in Cleveden takes care of your leaks before they become floods, more info about what we do.

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At Leak Detection in Cleveden we are happy to provide you with a free leak detection when you let us handle the repair. What are you waiting for? Call our friendly administrative office today for a free quote today.


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Sustainability and Farming at the Rhug Wild Beauty Estate

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San Pedro House & Trails, Sierra Vista, AZ

Nine miles east of downtown Sierra Vista is the San Pedro River. It is a northward-flowing, 143 mile undammed river in the southwest, from Mexico into the USA; however, parts of the San Pedro are no longer perennially flowing. The river basin is home to many species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish, but with the water table lowered due to irrigation and human/domestic use there is huge concern for this riparian area. Nature Conservancy is one organization working to protect tracts along the river.

On my recent visit to the San Pedro Riparian Conservation Area, we parked near the historic ranch house, now a gift shop unfortunately closed due to Covid-19. We walked at least 2 miles of the trail network viewing birds, huge cottonwood and willow trees, and noticing the trail is also available to mountain bikers and equestrians.

We walked along the river most of our time during this visit and also in what once was agricultural land. There was a time when alfalfa and other feed for cattle grew there. But the shady river bed was our favorite area.

We saw a variety of birds and many, many white-crowned sparrows! Fortunately we became aware of a great horned owl sitting in a tree so we spent time observing him as he slept.

There once was a sand and gravel quarry a short distance from the ranch house. It is now referred to as Kingfisher Pond; despite reports, I saw no kingfisher in the area. It is a large hole filled with ground and flood water with no surface inlets or outlets. We did see an American coot, a pied-billed grebe and once again more white-crowned sparrows hiding under the reeds along the pond’s edge.

Eventually there will be a 30 mile trail and hopefully have more environmental protections for this wildlife area. It is necessary to protect areas such as here. The area provides a passage/greenway for wildlife from one area to another, especially between mountain ranges. If you are interested in conservation and restoration of the area, look into Friends of the San Pedro River, a non-profit organization assisting the Bureau of Land management, or The Nature Conservancy with its goal of creating a world where people and nature can thrive. We need rivers with water flow and a variety of habitats for wildlife to survive while we also build our communities. It does require thought, planning and recognition of the importance of nature in our world. We can do it!

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Adult Probation

THE ISSUE.When spending taxpayer money on criminal justice, it is counterproductive and wasteful to enact policies that create more criminals, rather than enacting policies that reduce the incidence of crime. Communities do not benefit from locking up low-risk offenders. In prison, the offender is surrounded by hardened criminals and removed from his family and community. Because the offender is unable to work and earn income, he may be unable to pay adequate restitution to the victim of the crime. Moreover, when he is released, he will face a tough transition back to life outside of prison due to regulatory barriers to reentry. If he does not transition effectively, the state may have facilitated the development of a low-risk nonviolent offender into a career criminal.  In effect, taxpayers will have spent more money to make their communities less safe.

As Mark Earley and Newt Gingrich have noted, “[j]ust as a student’s success isn’t measured by his entry into high school but by his graduation…celebrating taking criminals off the street with little thought to their imminent return to society is foolhardy.”

THE IMPACT. Probation presents an alternative to incarceration for certain low-risk offenders, and it carries three advantages when implemented appropriately. First, instead of sending low-risk offenders to prison, probation allows a chance to remain in the community, which keeps family structures together, workers available to the workforce, and allows offenders to be rehabilitated.

Secondly, because probation allows offenders to keep jobs and earn income, it increases the likelihood that they will be able to pay proper restitution to victims.

Third, because probation is significantly cheaper than incarceration, it can be a cost-effective form of rehabilitation. In Missouri, for example, incarceration is five times as expensive as probation, and the state has begun notifying judges of the costs of the sentences they administer. Lengthy and expensive sentences are necessary and unavoidable for serious offenders – but not necessarily for low-level, non-violent offenders.  For these individuals, probation may be offered, and it may be conditioned on the offender receiving important services, like regular attendance at drug or psychiatric counseling, which can reduce the likelihood of recidivism. Thus, in some cases, society’s public safety goals may be achieved without the costs of incarcerating, facilitating reentry, or tracking down and re-incarcerating offenders who have become career criminals.

Probation can be made particularly efficient through the use of risk assessments, which are inventories containing questions designed to predict whether the individual will recidivate. The risk factors inquired about may include age, criminal record, employment status, history of substance use, and age of first offense. A risk assessment instrument can be administered when an offender begins probation to determine the appropriate level of supervision.

– Consider probation in lieu of incarceration for low-level, nonviolent offenders.

– Research and utilize evidence-based practices, such as risk assessments, to determine which offenders are low-risk for recidivism and thus better served by conditional probation.

– Enhance the use of problem-solving courts that address underlying issues such as substance abuse and mental illness. These courts can provide specialized oversight and victim-offender mediation that present a low-cost alternative to incarceration.

– Institute performance-based funding for probation departments. Local probation departments that are successful should receive additional funds in order to further develop their methods. Other departments will adopt proven successful methods in order to qualify for enhanced funding.

‘A Neighbor’s Choice’: Reform Alliance’s Erin Haney

Chelsea Murphy | November 20, 2020
I was thrilled to once again co-host “A Neighbor’s Choice” podcast with David Gornoski, which airs on iHeartRadio WFLA Orlando 93.1 FM/540AM and News Talk Florida WHBO across Tampa…

A Neighbor’s Choice: David Safavian with the American Conservative Union

Chelsea Murphy | November 12, 2020
I have enjoyed co-hosting a weekly radio program on iHeartRadio WFLA Orlando 93.1 FM/540AM and News Talk Florida WHBO across Tampa Bay, called A Neighbor’s Choice. This week I…

From Tax Burdens to Tax Payers

Scott Peyton | June 30, 2020
In August of 2018, my predecessor, Elain Ellerbe, introduced Right on Crime’s A Handbook for Employers: From Tax Burdens to Tax payers: Why Hiring the Previously Incarcerated is Right…

Recapping the 2020 Session in Louisiana

Scott Peyton | June 5, 2020
The Louisiana 2020 Legislative session certainly was memorable. It began with my first grandchild, Lucy Louise Peyton, who was born on March 9, 2020, the first day of the…

Re-Entry Ready Louisiana

Scott Peyton | May 7, 2020
HB 77 allows the use of technology—such as video conferencing—and provides flexibility of reporting for those employed.

Pandemic Or Not, Alternatives to In-Person Supervision Contacts Are Good Policy

Scott Peyton | April 23, 2020
During my 10 years as a Louisiana Probation and Parole (PNP) officer, I kept hand sanitizer with me at all times. PNP officers are exposed to a wide array…

Rethinking Community Supervision: Moving from a Referee to Coach Model

Right on Crime | April 6, 2020
In this video discussion, Right on Crime’s Marc Levin talked with Brian Lovins, one of the nation’s foremost pioneers in community supervision to explore how innovative strategies can result…

Yes, Drug Courts Are Working in Louisiana

Scott Peyton | February 12, 2020
In 2017, the Louisiana Legislature, with overwhelming bipartisan support, passed ten reforms (sponsored by six republicans, two democrats, and one independent) supported by data and aimed at safely reducing…

Too Young to Succeed? Emerging Community Supervision Strategies for Emerging Adults

Right on Crime | January 6, 2020
Transitioning from being a youth typically living with a parent to establishing self- sufficiency as a mature adult is a challenging period, and how a person handles that transition…

Notes On Probation and Parole from New York City

Scott Peyton | December 19, 2019
In 1986, President Ronald Reagan described the Statue of Liberty as a “beacon of hope.” This icon of Liberty and Democracy has been a “beacon of hope” for so…

Getting Technical: Preventing and Responding to Technical Supervision Violations and Misdemeanors

Right on Crime | December 18, 2019
Many states have experienced stubbornly high rates of revocations from community supervision in recent years, especially for technical violations. This paper examines several of the best policies and practices…

Community Supervision in Tennessee

Julie Warren | June 17, 2019
Reforms to Tennessee’s community supervision system—including to parole, probation, and community corrections—are necessary and can lead to improvements in the challenges of overcrowding and reentry.
Connect With Right on Crime
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text:
6 Reasons Why Trail Running is Better Than Mountain Biking

Let me preface this one by explaining my situation.  I love running, for hours and hours and hours.  I was doing just that at the San Diego 100 but after about 13 hours my piriformis muscle decided to play the strain game.  Two weeks of barely walking, one week of short shuffle hikes and finally it was time to hop on the bike!  As I write this I am in my fourth and hopefully final week of bike training before I return to running again.  I have biked during the off season in the past, but I have never spent this much in the saddle logging 100+ miles each week.  Now that I have (nearly) enough experience to spout off on the topic, it seemed time to list my top six reasons that trail running is better than biking (not that it’s really debatable).  You can argue all day about what burns more calories, which is more dangerous, which is more expensive…but these are irrefutable (ish).

1. Double the Maintenance, Not Double the Fun

In any physical activity you do there is maintenance.  Stretching, strengthening, cleaning out water bottles, wiping off your yoga mat etc.  But biking takes maintenance to a whole new level.  It feels like the equivalent of going for a run and then having to wash your car after each outing.  Or going on a run and then pulling weeds for 20 minutes.  Or going on a run and having to clean and sharpen a chainsaw after every run.  Not my cup of tea.

I don’t even know what most of this stuff does.  What is that saw about!?!

2.  Mechanical Ruination

Did you do all that extensive maintenance?  Doesn’t matter!  When you least expect it some invasive species, improperly disposed of alcoholic container, one of the numerous moving metal parts on your ride malfunctioning or just something pointy can grind your ride to a halt.  Goat heads, cacti, glass, nails and even random metal parts still have to get removed from my shoes every so-often but I usually don’t notice until days or weeks or months after I’ve stepped on them.  I have had the same number of running mechanicals as the number of times I’ve had a fart that didn’t smell bad.  That’s right, zero.  Even when you go for a run in those shoes that should have been retired long ago, they won’t go flat or cause you to lose the ability to slow down on a nasty descent.  They probably just smell really bad.  Here’s everybody’s least favorite biker doing my least favorite biking thing:

3. The Downside of Uphills

You’re cruising down the trail, come around a bend and the trail rears up into a super steep climb.  On your feet it’s time to enjoy a little hiking, drink some water and maybe eat a snack.  No worries!  On a bike it’s a frantic gear mashing, grunting and often losing battle that forces you to either push or carry your hunk of metal up the hill while you try and find ample footing.

Must.  Itch.  Nose.  PC: Flickr

 4. Tapsaff (Scottish for suns-out-guns-out)

It gets hot out (unless you live in Svalbard) and what’s better than feeling the breeze rush over your body as you crest a ridge while running?  Nothing.  Nothing feels better than that.  Want to do the same thing on your bike?  Go for it, but accept the fact that you’ll be near hypothermic on the next descent, and if you crash you are going to have gravel stuck under your skin for the next couple years.  Sunscreen exists, use it, and enjoy the freedom.
Screen Shot 2017-07-18 at 4.19.36 PM.png

5. The Yielding Triangle

You’re cruising down the trail, blissed out in a state of flow when you see something coming at you in the other direction.  Are you on a bike?  Bummer, you have to yield to everyone.  Are you a runner?  Sweet, bikers should get out of your way and if you can get out of theirs you’re being extra awesome.  If it’s a horse coming your way it’s much easier to stop as a runner, ask the rider what they want you to do and then easily navigate around the equestrians as needed.  Plus, how often do you encounter horses on the trail anyway?

Bikers on the bottom 😦

6. Wild Places

Love getting deep into the backcountry, seeing amazing alpine lakes, canyons and/or peaks?  Probably can’t take your bike there since they aren’t allowed in the wilderness.  Have fun doing loops down in the foothills sucka!

PC: Coconino National Forest

Well, back to my new favorite way to acquire training stress…mountain biking!

Do you feel strongly about this?  Feel free to share, comment or add to your bookmark folder for blasphemy.

Happy Trails!

4 thoughts on “6 Reasons Why Trail Running is Better Than Mountain Biking

  1. Randy, I definitely know a number of runners that have destroyed most or all of their meniscuses, but there does seem to be some evidence as Christy commented that running might be beneficial to one’s knees because of the stress/strengthening response. If I can’t run when I’m older I’ll bike, but I’m willing to roll the dice and see how long I can keep running. I also know a number of hardcore octogenarians that are still running strong. Happy Trails!

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Monday, March 21, 2005

Why is everyone calling her Terri?

As hilariously pointed out this evening on The Daily Show, all of these lets-expand-government-because-we-can-republicans are calling Mrs. Schiavo, Terri as if they were her close personal friends. A moment of clarity is required on this. She is being called Terri because to call her Mrs. Schiavo would be to acknowledge the right of her husband to represent her medical interests.

Furthermore, why are we only questioning her husband's motives and not her parents? One has to worry about parents who do not care the state of mind of their child or her wishes. They must have her body with them.

Perhaps we should question the interpretations and motives of politicians who are crying "medical terrorism" based on videos made by parents in violation of court orders. So, judges are deprived of discretion, legal guardians will be denied the right to exercise the trust others have placed in them, all in the name of a "culture of life."

What does this mean when politicians do not care about providing the living with the health care and clean food, air, and water we all need to live to the best of our abilities. And do any of us doubt that we can trust all our most personal of rights to politicians who only have our best interests in their wee hearts. Yeah.

So, out of respect, can we call her what we should? Political pawn.

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(Times are approximate, depending on weather and venue conditions)

Friday, June 11th, 2021

12:00 pm: Athlete’s Village team set up begins

4:45 pm: Athlete’s Village closes to all vehicles

5:00 pm: Team check-in begins, Team practices on the water,
Food Trucks open, Yard Games open

6:00 pm: Children’s Area Opens

7:00 pm: Music, fun from the stage

8:30 pm: Practices finish

9:10 pm: Fireworks Show

Saturday, June 12th, 2021

7:30 am: Athlete’s Village opens, all
paddlers arrive, sign waivers,
receive wrist bands

9:00 a.m. – Opening Ceremony & Drummer’s Parade

9:15 a.m. – Marshalling & Races Begin
11:30 a.m. – Dragon Cup Race
1:00 p.m. – Championship Round

2:45 pm: Awards Ceremony


text:
(0)1803 213 232

Turkey and Tinsel

Fancy a 4 Night (Monday- Friday) Stay in November or early December?

Turkey and Tinsel Breaks from £160 per person

Arrive to a beautifully decorated hotel and soak up the pre-Christmas atmosphere!

Price includes Dinner, Bed and a Full English Breakfast

A Full Programme of Excellent Entertainment and Bingo

Christmas Dinner on the Tuesday.

New Year's Eve on the Thursday with 'Auld Lang Syne'

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!

Special Offers
Hotel Features

Situated in the Heart of Torquay

3 Minute Walk to the Beach

140 En Suite Bedrooms

Large Family Rooms Available

Modern Passenger Lift

Lovely Indoor Pool

Sports Bar with BT and Sky TV

Show Bar with Nightly Entertainment


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Robert's Wood Products

Custom Wood Products

cedar_well.jpg (20856 bytes)We build custom wood products for use both inside and outside your home. Our furniture and decorator wood products are designed to enhance your home and life style.

Can't find the right size wood furniture to finish a corner or room? Let us custom build it to suit your need.

We also have some pre built furniture and decorator wood products ready for immediate use.

Your products are exclusively built with:

  • cedar wood for long service life
  • top quality wood pieces
  • limited use of hard and softwoods

Website by
Cyber Design Concepts


text:
• Features
  • Tech Specs
  • Awards
  • Gallery
  • Support

AMD B550 Gaming Mini-ITX motherboard with PCIe® 4.0, teamed power stages, Intel® 2.5 Gb Ethernet, WiFi 6 (802.11ax), dual M.2 with heatsink, SATA 6 Gbps, USB 3.2 Gen 2

  • AMD AM4 socket: Ready for Ryzen™ 5000 Series/ 4000 G-Series/ 3000 Series Desktop Processors
  • Best gaming connectivity: PCIe® 4.0-ready, dual M.2, USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C® plus HDMI™ 2.1 and DisplayPort 1.4 output
  • Smooth networking: Onboard WiFi 6 (802.11ax) and Intel® 2.5 Gb Ethernet with ASUS LANGuard
  • Robust power solution: Teamed power stages with ProCool II power connector, high-quality alloy chokes and durable capacitors
  • Renowned software: Intuitive dashboards for UEFI BIOS and ASUS AI Networking make it easy to configure gaming builds
  • DIY-friendly design: Includes Q-connector, BIOS FlashBack™ and FlexKey
  • Unmatched personalization: ASUS-exclusive Aura Sync RGB lighting, including Aura RGB header and addressable Gen 2 RGB header
  • Industry-leading Gaming Audio: Audio USB Type-C®, AI Noise Canceling Microphone, SupremeFX S1220A codec, DTS® Sound Unbound™ and Sonic Studio III for immersive audio

FNK Hardware

Lock Gamer Hardware

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming

ROG Strix B550 Gaming series motherboards offer a feature-set usually found in the higher-end ROG Strix X570 Gaming series, including the latest PCIe® 4.0. With robust power delivery and effective cooling, ROG Strix B550 Gaming is well-equipped to handle 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen™ CPUs. Boasting futuristic aesthetics and intuitive ROG software, ROG Strix B550-I Gaming is ready to become your next compact gaming build.

Spec Overview

  • Performance
  • Cooling
  • Gaming Immersion
  • Connectivity

Built for Performance Gaming

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming
  1. ProCool II Power Connector
  2. 8+2 Power Stages
  3. 2 x M.2 Sockets
    • 1 x M.2 2242-2280 supports PCIe 4.0 x4 & SATA Modes
    • 1 x M.2 2242-2280 supports PCIe 3.0 x4 & SATA Modes (Rear)
  4. DDR4, 2 x DIMM
    • ASUS OptiMem II
    • Dual Channel
  5. AMD Socket AM4 for 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen™ Processors
  6. 1 x PCIe 4.0 x16 SafeSlot (support x16)

Comprehensive Cooling

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming
  1. Active VRM Heatsink
  2. CPU Fan Header
  3. AIO Pump Header
  4. Chassis Fan header
  5. M.2 Heatsink

Total Gaming Immersion

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming
  1. SupremeFX S1220A CODEC
    • Impedance sense
    • High quality output and input
    • Audio Shielding
    • Dual OP amplifiers
    Sonic Studio III + Sonic Studio Virtual Mixer Sonic Radar III
    DTS® Sound Unbound
  2. 1 x 4-pin Aura RGB Header 1 x 3-pin Addressable Gen 2 RGB Header

Full Connectivity

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming
  1. DisplayPort 1.4
    HDMI 2.1 (4K@60Hz )
  2. BIOS FlashBack™ Button
  3. 4 x USB 3.2 Gen 2 ports
    • (3 x Type-A + 1 x USB Type-C®)
  4. Intel® I225-V 2.5Gb Ethernet
  5. Intel® Wi-Fi 6 AX200
  6. 2 x USB 2.0 Port
    • 1 x audio USB Type-C®
  7. LED-illuminated audio jacks
  8. 1 x USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C® front panel connector
  9. 2 x USB 3.2 Gen 1 Ports
  10. 4 x SATA 6Gb/s
  11. 2 x USB 2.0 Ports

Advance Your Gaming Immersion

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming is PCIe® 4.0-ready and provides the latest connectivity options for supersmooth networking and blisteringly fast file transfers. Audio enhancements give you a massive advantage, allowing you to pick up on the subtlest of cues for a completely immersive gaming experience.

  • Storage
  • Networking
  • Audio

PCIe 4.0-Ready

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming has two M.2 slots, ROG Strix B550-I Gaming features two M.2 slots, one of which supports the latest PCIe 4.0 standard to provide maximum storage flexibility and the fastest data speeds available via the 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen platform. Both M.2 slots support up to the type 2280 socket and NVM Express® RAID for a performance boost.

Dual PCIE 4.0 M.2

WiFi 6 (802.11 ax)

Onboard WiFi 6 (802.11ax) supports ultrafast wireless-networking speeds, improved capacity and better performance in dense wireless environments, providing exceptional online gaming experiences. Pair your motherboard with ASUS WiFi 6 routers to fully experience the networking potential of WiFi 6. Find out more about ASUS WiFi 6 solutions.

Intel 2.5 Gb Ethernet

Onboard 2.5 Gb Ethernet gives your wired connection a boost, with speeds that are 2.5 times faster than standard Ethernet connections for speedy file transfers, lag-free gaming, and high-res video streaming.

  • SupremeFX
  • Audio USB Type-C
  • Two-Way AI Noise Cancelation
  • Sonic Studio III
  • DTS Sound Unbound

Built-in ROG SupremeFX audio technology ensures pristine audio for ROG Strix B550-I Gaming. Along with ensuring a flat frequency response for a neutral, detailed sound signature, it offers two front-panel outputs driven by op amps that deliver high-quality audio to gaming headsets.

Exceptional RMAA Performance ASUS exclusive S1220A
Standard ALC1220

Audio USB Type-C®

A dedicated Audio USB Type-C® port on Strix B550-I Gaming has an S210 integrated chip that automatically determines audio signal type, while a bundled USB TypeC-to-3.5 mm adapter ensures compatibility with various headsets and headphones.

An S210 control chip automatically detects the type of connected device so the port can be used for both Type-C audio devices and standard USB connectivity as needed.

Power Noise-filter Circuit

A dedicated power noise-filter circuit helps reduce power-input noise, ensuring consistently quiet performance from any audio source.

USB Type-C-to-3.5mm Jack Adapter Cable

The bundled USB Type-C-to-3.5 mm jack adapter makes it easy to connect audio devices with a 4-position microphone/audio jack.

Two-way AI Noise Cancelation

This utility leverages a massive deep-learning database to reduce background noise from the microphone and incoming audio, while preserving vocals at the same time. Distracting keyboard clatter, mouse clicks and other ambient noises are intelligently neutralized so you can hear and be heard with crystal clarity while gaming or in calls.

*A splitter cable is necessary when using a 3.5 mm headset.
  • 500M

    Deep-Learning Database

  • Audio

  • High

  • Minimal

    Performance Impact

COD: MW - FPS (2560 x 1440)

ASUS Two-Way
AI Noise Cancelation

Similar technology

  • Enabled: 116

  • Disabled: 118
  • Enabled: 88

  • Disabled: 118

performance impact

*Testing configuration: CPU: 11th Gen Intel Core Processor ; Motherboard: ROG MAXIMUS XIII HERO; Graphics card: NVIDIA RTX 3070; DRAM: G.SKILL F4-3200C16Q-32GVK; Power: SUPER FLOWER 550W; HDD: ADATA SX910 SSD 128G; Cooling: Enermax T.B.APOLLISH; Game: CALL OF DUTY: MODERN WARFARE ; Voice Communication App: Discord (In-app noise canceling effects disabled) ; Background noise: Keyboard typing, mouse clicking, people talking, and music playing
*Actual performance varies by configuration
Two-way AI Noise Cancelation

Hear the difference

mic sound

    without noise

    ASUS Motherboard User

    without noise

    Other Party
  • Background noise
  • Other human voice
  • Human speech

Sonic Studio III

Sonic Studio supports HRTF-based (head-related transfer function*) virtual surround for VR headsets, casting an immersive aural landscape that draws you deeper into the action. The intuitive Sonic Studio interface also offers a range of EQ options and one-click presets, allowing you to tailor acoustics to suit personal preferences or the characteristics of your headset.

The new Sonic Studio Link allows you to apply Sonic Studio effects on all playback devices. Simply press the Sonic Studio Link button to enjoy the effect on any connected device.

Mix your voice and video game audio together using this software specifically designed for streaming applications. A variety of settings and monitoring.

Apply customized audio settings to various applications, so that each is perfectly tuned to the way you want to listen.

*A head-related transfer function is an audio algorithm derived from sound data recorded through a dummy head. Test tones are played from a spherical grid around the dummy head to obtain subtle changes in sounds that come from different directions. The results are combined into an algorithm that allows Sonic Studio's virtual surround to process audio that’s true to life.

DTS: Sound Unbound dts

ROG Strix B550 series motherboards are pre-loaded with the DTS® Sound Unbound™ app that envelops you in audio as never before, conjuring whole new levels of immersion for extraordinary gaming and entertainment experiences. By leveraging Windows Sonic spatial technology, DTS Sound Unbound delivers audio in a virtual 3D space — putting you right in the middle of the soundscape, where you can sense the location and direction of every gunshot, footstep or other sound in your virtual environment.

* DTS Sound Unbound requires in-game support. Check with developers for supported titles.

    Discrete left and right audio channels enable headphone or two-speaker setup.

    Audio is split and served over multiple speaker channels – e.g., 5.1 or 7.1 – to create an enveloping experience on a single, logical plane.

    A virtual audio ‘sphere’ effect creates astonishing 360° immersion — with you at the center, where sounds seem to travel in all directions.

All-round Performance

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming provides robust power delivery to fuel Ryzen’s cores, comprehensive cooling, and support for faster memory — so it has everything you need to load up your build with high-performance components for playing in the big leagues.

  • Power Design
  • Cooling Innovation
  • Memory

Digital power control and an array of power stages ensure ROG Strix B550-I Gaming has the muscle to control the latest AMD® CPUs.

The ProCool socket is built to exacting specifications to ensure flush contact with the PSU power lines, enabling lower impedance and better heat dissipation.

ASUS DIGI+ Power Control is an innovative set of controllers for digital VRM and DRAM Voltage. These controllers offer ultra precise memory and voltage tuning for optimal system efficiency, stability and performance.

8+2 power stages combine high-side and low-side MOSFETs and drivers into a single package, delivering the power and efficiency that the latest AMD CPUs demand.

Superior chokes and durable capacitors are engineered to resist extreme temperatures and provide up to 110% better performance than the industry standard.

Cooling Innovation

ROG Strix B550 series features the most comprehensive cooling options ever, configurable via Fan Xpert 4 or the UEFI BIOS.

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming
  1. CPU Fan Header

    A dedicated pair of PWM/DC fan headers for CPU coolers

  2. AIO Pump Fan Header

    A dedicated PWM/DC header for self-contained water-cooling setups

  3. Chassis Fan

    All onboard headers support auto-detection of PWM or DC fans

  4. Thermal Pad

    High-quality thermal pad helps transfer heat from inductor and phase array to heatsink

  5. Active VRM Heatsink

    A VRM heatsink provides a large contact area for the MOSFETs and chokes, and an integrated fan enables more efficient cooling for better performance and wattage resistance.

  6. 8-Layer low-loss PCB

    The 8-layer PCB quickly dissipates heat around the VRM, improving overall system stability and giving the CPU more overclocking headroom.

  7. M.2 Heatsink

    The M.2 heatsink keeps the M.2 SSD at the optimum operating temperature for consistent performance and reliability.

To provide AMD's latest CPUs unfettered access to memory bandwidth, motherboard trace routing has been reimagined with the ROG Strix B550-I Gaming. Integrated OptiMem II technology carefully maps memory signal pathways across PCB layers to reduce vias, and it also adds shielding zones that significantly reduce crosstalk. To further enhance overclocking headroom for fully stacked memory configurations, a highly customized Daisy Chain layout delivers time-aligned signaling.

Play Your Own Style

The cyberpunk-inspired aesthetics of ROG Strix B550-I Gaming are accentuated by the bold slashes and cybertext. By pairing your rig with other products from the diverse ROG ecosystem, you can create a fully customized gaming setup that reflects your personal style.

  • Customization
  • DIY Friendly
  • Certified Compatibility

ROG Strix B550-I Gaming embodies the ROG spirit with eye-catching aesthetics, including the next-generation distorted ROG eye logo and recessed cybertext patterning etched on the I/O shroud. These new designs move ROG Strix boldly into the future, while clearly reflecting the series' gaming roots.

Front-panel header allows customization of the front-panel chassis reset button, providing options for quick access to Aura lighting controls, DirectKey, or system reset

BIOS FlashBack™

Users can place a BIOS file onto a FAT32-formatted USB drive and simply plug it into the USB BIOS FlashBack™ port and press a button to update the (UEFI) BIOS. Updates can be made even if memory or CPU aren’t present

ROG Strix motherboards undergo an extensive certification program to ensure the very best compatibility with the widest range of components and devices. For a smooth build process, refer to our list of guaranteed-compatible components. To help with memory upgrades, the list also includes a dedicated Qualified Vendor list (QVL).

The ROG Strix Ecosystem Awaits

Up your game with ROG Strix. Enjoy complementary aesthetics, control and compatibility across AIO coolers, cases, peripherals, and much more! ROG offers more choices than any other brand.

ROG Gives You More

ROG-exclusive software utilities deliver intuitive audio tuning and gaming enhancements that allow you to configure your gaming build the way you want.

  • Optimization
  • AI Networking
  • Armoury Crate
  • RAMCache III

5-Way Optimization

Take care of complex tuning with just one click. ASUS 5-Way Optimization is a system-wide tuning utility that overclocks the processor and tunes fan speeds to ensure the best balance between cooling and acoustics. The automated CPU tuning feature of 5-Way Optimization leverages the same onboard intelligence as AI Overclocking, but goes further by running a Prime95-based stress test that continually monitors the system.

  • TPU insight
  • EPU guidance
  • Fan Xpert 4
  • DIGI+ power controls
  • Turbo App
  • The TurboV Processing Unit (TPU) provides AI Suite 3 with the intelligence needed to automatically fine-tune voltages, monitor system stats, and adjust overclocking settings. AI Suite 3 also provides AI Overclocking prediction values for users who want more insight when experimenting with different settings.

    The Energy Processing Unit (EPU) automatically optimizes power consumption and maximizes savings with Away mode — a smart setting that creates an extreme energy-saving scenario by shutting down unused I/O controllers.

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UK Lawmakers Call For Greater Oversight of Crypto Industry

A group of U.K. lawmakers has called for more oversight and regulation of the cryptocurrency industry in a new report published Wednesday.

Arguing that “crypto-assets have no inherent value,” are “especially risky” for retail investors and are “particularly vulnerable to manipulation,” the report states that “the introduction of regulation [to the cryptocurrency space] should be treated as a matter of urgency.”

The report comes roughly seven months after the U.K. Treasury Committee first announced it would look into the benefits and risks of cryptocurrencies.

The group wants to give the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the U.K.’s top financial regulator, more authority to regulate crypto markets. The report notes that organizers of initial coin offerings (ICOs), at present, can exploit certain loopholes to avoid scrutiny from the agency.

“Apart from drawing attention to the risks, there is little the FCA can do to protect individuals from being defrauded or losing their money. This is because most ICOs do not promise financial returns, but instead offer future access to a service or utility, meaning they fall outside the regulatory perimeter,” the report states.

The lawmakers went on to add:

“While there may be no explicit promise of financial returns, investors in ICOs clearly expect them: they are not buying tokens to gain access to as-yet unbuilt theme parks, or to obtain dental services in years to come, but in the hope of selling them at a profit. The development of ICOs has exposed a regulatory loophole that is being exploited to the detriment of ordinary investors.”

No stability risk

The report highlighted the speculative interest in cryptocurrencies, noting that “in the absence of any market fundamentals, their prices fluctuate according to sentiment.”

As a result, cryptocurrencies are more volatile than other asset classes, which can result in either greater gains or a greater loss.

“The use of blockchain as a payments system exacerbates these risks, since the exchange rate (vis-à-vis other crypto-assets, or conventional currency) can fluctuate significantly during the time it takes to settle a transaction,” the report added.

That being said, the lawmakers argued that cryptocurrencies don’t pose a threat to financial stability, primarily due to the small number of users and investors. They also noted that cryptocurrencies and blockchain can even be used positively – provided that they are regulated appropriately.

As such, the report noted that “if the government decides that growth is to be encouraged, the committee believes that the introduction of regulation could lead to positive outcomes for the crypto-asset market.”

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Spero News: Sakhalin Island: Energy profile

Oil reserves in the area are estimated at almost 12 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves at approximately 90 trillion cubic feet

Wednesday, May 23, 2007
By EnerPub

Sakhalin Island, a former penal colony located off the east coast of Russia and to the north of Japan, holds vast hydrocarbon resources. The island is home to six oil and gas projects. Five projects are currently in different stages of development, and two of the projects, Sakhalin I and Sakhalin II, aim to bring oil and natural gas production online in the near term. Both projects have targeted Asian markets.  Three blocks after Sakhalin VI have not been awarded yet.

Oil reserves in the area are estimated at almost 12 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves at approximately 90 trillion cubic feet. International consortia of energy companies have entered into production sharing agreements (PSAs) to develop the resources.

Even though all of the consortia have extensive export plans (including to the United States) via LNG terminals and export pipelines to the mainland, there has been little progress except on the first two parts of Sakhalin Island: Sakhalin 1 and Sakhalin 2, which lie to the southeast of Okha.

Sakhalin I

The Sakhalin I project is led by Exxon Neftegaz, in conjunction with consortium members SODECO, ONGC Videsh, and two Rosneft subsidiaries (Sakhalinmorneftegaz and RN Astra). The $6.5 billion dollar first phase of the project will entail development of the Chayvo field, and subsequent phases will develop the Odoptu and and Arkutun Dagi fields. Total capital expenditure for the project, approved back in 2003, is set at $12.8 billion. Around $3.4 billion were spent during 2005 and 2006 combined.

Consortium members began drilling in May 2003, and commercial production from the Chayvo field began in October 2005. The consortium announced the field had reached maximum production in February 2007 at around 250,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil and 140 million cubic feet per day (mmcf/d) of natural gas. Output is being piped to the Russian port of De-Kastri where natural gas is then pumped into the Russian system and oil is exported to international markets. Most of the oil is shipped to markets in east Asia, two to five sailing days away.

Natural Gas Exports

The mode of natural gas exports from Sakhalin 1 has not been decided as of yet, but the project is supplying natural gas to the local area. ExxonMobil would like to send the natural gas to the south via pipeline to China, yet other shareholders and Gazprom prefer marketing natural gas as LNG via Sakhalin II, requiring an expansion of the facilities there.

Sakhalin II

The Sakhalin II project is being developed under a PSA that now includes Gazprom, Shell, Mitsubishi, and Mitsui. The consortium members have estimated that the project’s cost will total more than $20 billion, making the project the largest single foreign investment in Russia. To date, around $13 billion has already been spent.

In February 2007, Gazprom announced it would pay $7.45 billion for a 50 percent plus one share in Sakhalin Energy. Shell will keep 27.5 percent less one share, Mitsui 12.5 percent and Mitsubishi 10 percent. Finalization of the deal is expected during 2007. Gazprom intends to play a leading role as the major shareholder, but Shell will remain technical advisor.

In July 2005 Shell estimated that recoverable reserves at 17.3 Tcf of natural gas and 1 Billion barrels of liquids. Sakhalin II has been producing 80,000 bbl/d of oil during ice-free summer months since July 1999, and Phase II of the project should lead to full-year oil production (roughly 180,000 bbl/d) during late 2007, completing Russia’s first LNG facility. Construction of the two-train, 9.6-million-tons-per year facility began in early 2003, and Shell expects initial LNG sales during 2008.

Sakhalin II will supply natural gas to the United States, Japan and South Korea. In late 2004, Sakhalin Energy signed a contract with Coral Energy to supply 1,800 billion cubic feet (bcf) of LNG over 20 years to a power plant on the border of California and Mexico. The LNG will be delivered via tanker to the Energia Costa Azul terminal being constructed in Baja California, Mexico. In March 2004, Sakhalin II announced the sale of 300,000 tons of LNG per year to Japan’s Tokyo Gas and Tokyo Electric Power (TEPCO) starting in summer 2008. In July 2005, the project operators announced a 20 year sales agreement of 1.6 million tons per year of LNG to Korea Natural Gas (KOGAS).

The state Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) will likely continue to offer funding for the project, but it is uncertain whether the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) will approve a previous request for a $300 million loan.

Due to concerns about disturbing the gray whale population, the consortium announced in 2005 that it would be rerouting some of the pipelines which lead from the platforms to the shore-based processing facilities. For these reasons, LNG production has been delayed until at least 2008, and year-round oil production has been delayed until at least late 2007.

Sakhalin III

An auction for three of the four blocks in the Sakhalin-III project (estimated to contain 5.1 billion barrels of oil and 46 Tcf of natural gas) is expected to be held by the end of 2007. A proposed law defining “strategic” mineral deposits, which includes oil fields with more than 367 million barrels of reserves, will determine which companies will be able to bid on the Ayashsky, Kirinsky, and East Odoptu blocks that are up for auction.

The Veninsky block, with oil reserves of 1.2 billion barrels and 9.1 Tcf of gas, will be developed by a Rosneft-Sinopec consortium. In February 2006, this block was transferred to Venineft, a joint venture of Rosneft (49.%), Chinese Sinopec (25.1%) and Sakhalinskaya Neftyanaya Kompaniya (25.1%). An ExxonMobil-led consortium had held the rights to the Ayashsky, Kirinsky, and East Odoptu blocks under a 1993 tender, but the Russian government cancelled the results of that tender in January 2004 after the PSA law changed.

Sakhalin IV-VI

Areas of Sakhalin Island lying to the north and southeast of Sakhalin I and II are at various preliminary stages of development.

EnerPub provides premium global energy news and analysis, “the news that moves the world.” and its also non-profit sister websites,,,,, and are all owned by John Donovan. There is also a Wikipedia article.

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