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Renault-Nissan Alliance to provide fleet for UN conference

Wednesday, May 27, 2015 - 10:19
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Alliance to provide 200 pure electric vehicles to 2015 Paris climate conference

The Renault-Nissan Alliance, the world leader in zero-emission mobility, will provide a fleet of 200 all-electric vehicles for the United Nation’s COP21 climate conference in Paris later this year.

The fully electric car fleet will shuttle delegates during the event from Nov. 30 to Dec. 11.

More than 20,000 U.N. participants from 195 countries are expected to attend the annual climate summit. It will be the first time the U.N. will use a zero-emission fleet for its entire passenger car shuttle at a COP event.

The goals of the Paris summit are to have a new global climate-change agreement in place by the end of 2015 and to have the Climate Green Fund, established to help developing countries adapt to climate change and reduce emissions, start allocating funds.

Commenting on the deal, Laurent Fabius, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development, President of COP21 said: “Thanks to the Alliance’s fleet of 100% electric vehicles, it will contribute to our goal of achieving a carbon neutral event.”

The COP21 car fleet will feature the Renault ZOE subcompact car, the Renault Kangoo Z.E. van, the Renault Fluence Z.E. sedan, the Nissan LEAF compact car and the 7-seater Nissan e-NV200 van. The vehicles will be available to shuttle delegates 24 hours, seven days week to key venues around the conference, as a complement to public transportation.

The Renault-Nissan Alliance will work with companies in France to set up a network of more than 50 quick and standard charging stations powered by 100% renewable energy in strategic locations. The quick charging stations will be able to charge the EVs from 0 to 80% capacity in about 30 minutes.

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Old Jul 11, 15, 2:06 am
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You need to do this the other way round: upgrade your flight leaving DOH, I did so a few days ago VIE-DOH-HKT with an 8.45h stop over and got Al Maha service with STPC and Ford Taurus pick up + Al Mourjan access before boarding.
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Hoisin Sauce

Dark, sweet and delicious, this sauce pairs great with barbecued or grilled meats and veggies.

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water, sugar, SOYBEAN paste (SOYBEAN, WHEAT flour, salt, water, flavour enhancer: E621, preservative: E211), salt, distilled vinegar, modified tapioca starch, garlic, colour: EE150a, SESAME oil, star anise, preservative: E202.

Nutritional Information Typical Values per 100ml:

energy 797kJ / 188 kcal, fat 2.3g, fat (of which saturates) 0g, carbohydrates 40g, carbohydrates (of which sugars) 36g, protein 1.7g, salt 4.3g

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By elevatorjerk - United States
Today, I was going to work and got in the elevator. I was going through my bag for my phone and asked the man in the elevator to push the button for me. He gave me a look of death before I realized he had no arms. FML
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  ZTB13  |  4

How did he get on? Don't you have to push a button for the doors to open? And before the dickhole comments come in let me answer now...

1) He could push it with his foot (which I have seen done). In that case it shouldn't be a hard task for him to repeat, and if he can't then he isn't trying hard enough and not meeting his potential.

2) Somebody could have pressed the button for him. In this case he should pay it forward and stop being an asshole. How is he gonna hit the button? See #1

  Mirequetz  |  6

Agreeing with Max, "someone could have pushed it for him and got out" it just too much of a coincidence. Anyway, if it was true, he should have noticed him/her looking through his/her bag. I'm pretty sure it's not the first time it has happened to the guy.

It could have been just his forearms that were gone. Or even if he didn't have any arms at all, he could have gotten in the elevator with somebody else, though the way this FML is written, it seems unlikely.

  feliciaberk  |  7

He didn't choose his floor. He probably would have waited for someone else or the op to press the button. Damn. Some people are just dumb. But u were in a rush and there is no way u could she known op. Fyl

  Intoxicunt  |  5

He managed to push the button to make the doors open and his own floor's button, I'm assuming. :)

Totally! Bow chicka wow wow.
That raises the question of how he goes to the bathroom alone....

  plexico  |  3

If the OP lived on a high floor, she could always show him her tits to help him reach the button.

Unless she had nasty tits and then would end up in the parking garage.

By  youthink_fml  |  0

expecting a stranger, someone you obviously hadn't even made eye contact with, to do anything for you, even as simple as pushing that button, because getting your phone is more important just shows how important you think you are. and pretty self-centered too. push your own button and get your phone after.

By  Butterfly_D  |  0

There are still plenty of ways for him to push a button... He could just use a straw in his mouth to push a button, use his foot, or even use his arm stumps as long as they aren't too wide and can still hit just one button.. Hell, there are even prosethics if he can afford it as well.. I could go on and on forever. But yeah if this is actually true it's ridiculous of him to give you a mean look. As for you, just press the buttons yourself first and then look through your bag next time.


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Peru Inflation December 2017

Peru: Inflation reaches fresh multi-year low in December

January 12, 2018

Consumer prices in Metropolitan Lima increased in December after three consecutive monthly falls and rose 0.16% over the previous month, contrasting November’s 0.20% decline. December’s increase was mainly the result of lower prices for transport and communications, rental housing, fuels and electricity and clothing and footwear. On the other hand, lower prices were recorded for food and non-alcoholic beverages. The increase in the prices for housing, fuel and electricity was again due to an increase in tariffs for residential electricity.

Inflation, however, continued to moderate. It dropped to 1.4% in December from 1.5% in November, the lowest reading in over seven years. In December core consumer prices, which exclude energy and food, remained flat from the previous month, down from November’s 0.1% increase. Finally, core inflation inched down from 2.4% in November to 2.3% in December.

Peru Inflation Forecast

The Central Bank expects inflation to end 2018 at 2.0%. Panelists participating in the LatinFocus Consensus Forecast expect inflation to end 2018 at 2.8%, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month’s projection. For 2019, the panel expects inflation of 2.7%.

Author: Massimo Bassetti, Senior Economist

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Peru Inflation December 2017

Note: Month-on-month and year-on-year variation of consumer price index in %.
Source: Peru National Statistical Institute (INEI)

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A digital detox should be something we do more often. Get those stress levels down, less intense impressions and the fear of missing out will decrease in the long run. Even though we are fully aware of the facts that we should cut down on the scrolling – it's easier said than done, since our smartphone helpes us out a lot in our everyday life.

We have a tip for you; to get a small dose of digital detox in your daily routine get yourself a hobby that does not include anything digital; cross stitch embroidery. Bring out your aida cloth, sew some cross stitches and in the end you'll end up with this "Hill" wall hanging that you can decorate your home with. "Let's wander where the wifi is weak" is a good reminder of that the disconnecting and unwinding need to happen more often.

If you are new to embroiding – cross stitch is the way to go. You embroider on a cloth called Aida, it's a fabric with a square pattern and ready made holes. Choose between a PDF or embroidery-kit. As a contrast to "nope – let's say yes to you starting to emobroider, we root for you!

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American Traditional/ Brunch/ Lunch/ NYC/ Thai

Burger Thursday + Late Saturday Brunch

Thursday, February 1. Corner Bistro is where my friends and I trek to, even in such cold weather for lunch. Located in the West Village, it’s a great place to have a simple All-American meal – burgers and beer. Despite the fact that by accident, my friend spilled beer all over my stuff & me (which took me around 10 minutes to get over) it was a lot of fun. Come on, big burgers for a cheap price…can’t beat that, even if you’re smelling like beer. Some guys might even find that attractive…anyway, here are some pics:

The traditional cheeseburger. Yes, it is as scrumptious as it looks. I think the burger being served on a paper plate makes it so much better.

That’s a shot of the inside of the burger. Yummmm, it looks like it’s done medium rare – the way I like it. hahaha.

Conclusion: Want a burger that’ll satisfy your meat craving in a typical American pub setting? Yes, this is the place to go. It is definitely worth checking out, especially since this burger only cost $5.75! It’s a great cheap eat.

Saturday, February 3rd. Of course a weekend wouldn’t be complete without the “in-between-two-real-meals” meal named BRUNCH. I think my friends and I are big fans of this meal, so we originally arranged to meet at another restaurant. Let me tell you, finding a place for Saturday brunch in the West Village is a challenge. Every place is basically packed with other enthusiastic brunchers. We ended up going to Deborah Life Love Food. With the group of 6, we walk into a cute little restaurant decorated in Valentine’s Day designs.

This dish is called Ekuri. Yes, what is that? Well, their description is “fluffy scrambled eggs with minced Thai Chili Bird pepper and sliced onion topped on grilled sourdough batard slices finished with truffle oil”. According to my friend who got it, the dish was quite spicy, which isn’t bad for those who love the heat. She was dying though. hahah.

I, on the other hand, got this:

This is their Cajun Spiced Sunfish (Tilapia) with slow cooked grits and two over-easy eggs. The sunfish was a bit peppery, but it was nice and tender. Not too flaky, and with the eggs, made a great combination of food. Plus, the salad dressing definitely added to this dish.

Next time I go, I’m definitely going to try their winter spiced pumpkin muffins and biscuits…the people next to us got those things and made me want to stuff more into my mouth. Yummm…

Conclusion: Awesome place for brunch! I don’t think many people know about this place, but it’s real cute and intimate. My friend pointed out that they have a $70 tasting menu for Valentine’s Day, and this place is not a bad place to take a date. If you want to go for a American traditional yet new type of cuisine, I recommend coming here. I’ll be going back someday!


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Model Awarded $29.5M In A Severe Allergic Reaction Case

Apr 13, 2021 06:11 AM EDT | By Zyanya James (

Model Awarded $29.5M In A Severe Allergic Reaction Case
Don't underestimate the severity of peanut allergies.
(Photo : Vladislav Nikonov/Unsplash)

According to the Insider, peanut allergies are one of the most common food allergies in the U.S. One small bite can completely alter a life.

Model and aspiring actress Chantel Giacalone was working as a model at a fashion trade show at the Mandalay Bay South Convention Center in 2013, reports New York Post. A friend brought her a snack of frozen yogurt with one deadly topping, a bite-size pretzel infused with peanut butter. The then 27-year-old Giacalone went into anaphylactic shock and sought help from a medic station.

As reported by Courtroom View Network (CVN), Giacalone was able to self-administer an Epi-Pen injection before going to an emergency services station operated by MedicWest Ambulance, a Las Vegas-based ambulance company. However, the EMTs allegedly lacked the proper lifesaving equipment to help Giacalone, and her respiratory system began to shut down.

Long Road of Recovery

The Oakland Press then reported that Giacalone slipped into a coma and had a long road of recovery ahead. Since Giacalone was not given epinephrine through an IV, which was required for full anaphylaxis, her lawyer argued that she lost oxygen in the brain for precious minutes. This has resulted in brain damage. Sadly, this incident left Giacalone, now 35, a quadriplegic and can only communicate with an eye gaze computer, reports the Las Vegas Review-Journal. The journal adds that Giacalone is fed through a tube, gets bathed by her mother, and requires 24/7 care.

ALSO READ: 25 Million People Will Get a Boost in Their Food Stamp Benefits This Month

The family's lawyers sought over $60 million in damages for past and present medical expenses, pain, and emotional suffering. However, MedicWest has denied any wrongdoing. MedicWest's attorney claimed that Giacalone's allergic reaction didn't warrant the use of intravenous epinephrine, and if negligence is proved, "$8 million is damages will suffice."

According to CVN, this case has been pending since 2015, which they add is "an unusually long time for a civil case to go to trial." Finally, on Friday, April 9, a Nevada state court jury awarded the Giacalone family a sum of $29.5 million after deliberating for a couple of days. The full trial was webcast and recorded by CVN.

Giacalone's father, Jack Giacalone, said, "All the anguish that we've been through for the last eight years, I'm not happy about." But he is happy that his daughter will be taken care of. He and his wife are the primary caregivers to their quadriplegic daughter, and they refuse to put her in a facility. She's expected to live until the age of 55. However, Jack Giacalone is already 70, and his wife, 59. They are no longer sure how much longer they can personally provide 24/7 care for their daughter and may have to call on Chantel's sister to assume this responsibility.

"Every minute of Chantel's life has been inextricably altered," Giacalone's attorney Christian Morris said in court. The money from the lawsuit will be invested in Giacalone's future care and perhaps a new home that will suit her needs better. At present, she lives in her parents' home and is confined to a hospital bed in the dining room.

READ MORE: Pet Owners Beware: Midwestern Pet Foods Issues Recall for 10 Brands Due To Salmonella Risk

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peanut butter allergy
Peanut butter

Peanut Butter Allergy Solution: Good Ol' Toothpaste?

The study, conducted by a New York City-based company, involved a trial of a toothpaste that has peanut protein among a small group of adults to determine whether it can treat food allergies.

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Round 3: So, What Does Round Three Really Mean?

At the end of Round 1 of the AFL season all teams were still a chance of finals action, according to their adoring fans. Since then, Round 2 has come and gone and teams are facing the realities of what a win or loss might mean.

A look through this weekend’s games illustrates divergent possible pathways.

Collingwood were towelled up nicely last weekend by Adelaide. It sits them at 1-1. The old fashioned 50/50 split where a win now puts them in the black, a loss sees them in the red (though the following week they see red and black!). For Collingwood, as with all 18 teams, this win is vital. Hit by injuries and suspensions, a win will see them back in the eight most likely without ever having been at full strength – a good result. A loss, however, will prey on their minds. A 1-2 record going into ANZAC Day is not idea. Collingwood has to win.

The Saints went up to Metricon with most pundits tipping against them. “Good”, thought the Saints, and they proceeded to demolish the Suns for a first win. Now they face a Collingwood outfit suffering from an identity crisis. St Kilda are not favourites, but that suits them nicely. Another win and they will sit 2-1 and better than most predicted.

Carlton seems to be having a season of change and uncertainty. Coach speculation, injuries, new players settling in – there is plenty going on.  Since quarter time in Round 1 when they led the Tigers handsomely, little has gone right. A loss to the resurgent Bombers would signal a 0-3 start to the season. A win is absolutely vital for the Blues, otherwise this season could begin to get away.

Essendon’s stirring win against the Hawks made the football world sit up and take notice – including Carlton. They would be super-keen for a win, but this is where the Bombers have fallen in the past. Coming off a big win, then falling to a lesser foe the following match. It will be a test of Essendon’s mental strength after all that has transpired over two years. They need this win, and a surprise loss could be damaging to the psyche.

The Adelaide Crows are on a roll. Two excellent wins – at home and away –sees them the toast of the AFL. A third win is expected, and most likely at the Adelaide Oval “fortress”. But it is a sign of a good team that they play like a good team. They should bury Melbourne based on form, but anything less will raise questions about the Crow’s legitimacy as a top four contender.

Melbourne, on the other hand, have had a riches to rags opening to the season. A great win in Round 1 against the Suns was cancelled out dramatically with a hiding against the Giants – including 14 unanswered goals. So what is the new Melbourne? Maybe an upset against the Crows will see then in the black, but not really likely. A 1-2 record after three rounds would not be tragic, but it would make the job harder – both in winning a finals place and winning over public support for a new Demons era.

The Sydney Swans have tolerated their younger sibling, GWS, since their arrival in AFL ranks, even accepting a first-time loss. But things are different now and the Swans will not be as accommodating to their slightly grown-up neighbours.  Sydney murdered Essendon with one quarter of football and silenced the Adelaide Oval festivities with a stifling of Port Adelaide. They are looking good and are not going to allow the Giants to ruin their current run.

The Giants have two handy scalps in the bag are always searching, like an optimistic beachcomber at Bondi, for more. Rather than digging up an old coin or relic, they are likely to unearth a very nasty-looking Swans outfit. GWS would love another win to be 3-0, but it is a long shot. But they have looked impressive to date and a surprise cannot be ruled out – especially if Sydney opt again to play less than four quarters.

North Melbourne are now 1-1 and were impressive last weekend destroying the Brisbane Lions. Another win against the Power would set them up well, but a loss would undermine all of last weekend’s good work.  It seems silly to plan finals from just round three, but the ‘Roos will consider this. Twelve wins is the widely accepted amount of wins to see finals. A win tomorrow means the North need to win just 10 of their remaining 19 games to see finals…more wins than that sets up top four. But a loss would see them need to win 11 out of 19…just that much more pressure.

Port Adelaide faces a very real crisis. A win against the ‘Roos will have them back in the mix. A loss would be a 0-3 start and alarm bells will ring. No longer are they a “surprise packet”. Other teams know to counter their run. They would need to win 12 of their remaining 19 games to reach the finals – possible but bloody difficult. Much is on the line for Ken Hinkley’s charges, but last year they rose from the ashes (often) and could do so again. A huge match.

The Brisbane Lions simply need to win this – no questions asked. Forty minutes of footy against Collingwood was not enough to win, despite an exciting fightback. But their hiding to the ‘Roos last weekend bordered on insipid at times. They are back at the Gabba for this round and have a chance against Richmond for that reason alone. Still, to win, Brisbane needs to find four quarters of relentless pressure – not just occasional token acts. An interesting match, but a 0-3 start faces the Lions.

Richmond’s finals credentials took a hit from the Western Bulldogs in a game the Tigers were expected to win. It says something that their first win against winless Carlton preceded the ‘Dogs outing. Is Richmond the real deal?  Many believe they are and a big win against the Lions would silence the critics – for a week or so. In such a tight competition, Richmond simply cannot be at 1-2 by Sunday night.

Make no bones about it. Hawthorn was stung last weekend against Essendon. Not a run-of-the-mill mosquito sting, but a European Wasp-type sting. They were expected to beat Essendon (by everyone, it seems, but maniacal Essendon people) and didn’t. All is hardly lost as a result, but watch the Hawks brush that loss off this weekend. However, they meet Luke’s Doggies – a harder bunch now – and it won’t be a cakewalk. But Hawthorn wants to be 2-1 by the end of the weekend – nothing less.

The Bulldogs sit in the upper echelons now. Two wins from two matches – largely against predictions – and have a fantastic chance to really test where they are against the Hawks. Luke Beveridge has instilled a tougher, more resilient mindset already. They know it is a tall order to beat the Hawks, but at the same time they know they can scrap and scrape with the best of them now.  Above all, the Bulldogs will be fighting to keep building respect – win, lose or draw.

Is that really Geelong sitting on the bottom of the ladder facing the prospect of a 0-3 start to the season? Well, yes it is, but things are not quite so bleak. For a start they aren’t playing a Hawthorn or Fremantle-type outfit. The Gold Coast Suns have hardly set the world on fire and should present a chance for the Cats to redeem themselves. Also, Geelong at Skilled Stadium is a dangerous proposition (unless you are Fremantle). The Cats need to fire, but should.

The Gold Coast Suns will eventually come around to Rodney Eade’s ways, and eventually find a life path without G. Ablett.  But until then their future is as certain as erratic can be. They are a chance against a Geelong outfit experiencing one of their worst starts for nearly a decade. Tom Lynch is better for the run up forward and a few players would have received a “rocket” (pun intended) after last week’s capitulation (“Five goals in five minutes does not a victory make” – Shakespeare).

Fremantle ground Geelong into the Skilled Stadium turf last weekend after having outlasted Port Adelaide the previous week. Ross Lyon is aware that the premiership window is open (at least for this year) and will be expecting nothing less than 100% from all. At home in Perth they grow taller, but this match is the derby against a willing West Coast and a damaging Josh Kennedy. So there is more than just four points on offer in the W.A showdown. Fremantle at 3-0 will be hard to stop as the season rolls on.

The West Coast crew were delighted last weekend as they crunched a Carlton side suffering from both stage-fright and homesickness – a lethal combination. Josh Kennedy keeps finding ways to haunt the Blues, but West Coast is not a one-man show. Kennedy was the recipient of some very slick and meaningful entry into the Forward 50. In a season where 12 wins can see finals, and there are roughly that many home matches in Perth, this derby takes on huge mathematical connotations – a home ground loss would be damaging. West Coast will fight like men possessed for this one.

Again, a round full of interest and intrigue. Come Sunday night, some patterns will be clearer, others emerging. Some teams will be delighted, others reassessing like crazy. Some coaches will be the toast of home towns, others will be toasted…the bad way.

Can’t hardly wait.

About Wesley Hull

Passionate lover of Australian Rules football. Have played and coached the game and now spend my time writing about the game I love and introducing young people to the game through school coaching. Will try and give back to the game what it has given me for more that 40 years.

  1. Collingwood would be relatively happy after last night.

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The Maize Growers Open Day

Press Release Press Release12-8-2019

Dairy farmers from across the South West are invited to attend a specialist open day next month which aims to provide guests with the advice and practical support needed to help them maximise their maize yields.

The Maize Growers Open Day is hosted by animal feed company, ForFarmers, and will enable local farmers to identify which hybrid maize varieties are best suited to their farm location, soil type and circumstances.

In order to gauge how well different maize varieties perform in local conditions, guests will have the opportunity to examine plots of hybrid maize varieties from KWS, Limagrain and Pioneer. Technical experts will also be on hand to walk farmers around the maize plots and answer any queries that farmers have regarding the performance of each maize variety, as well as provide practical advice on agronomy techniques to improve yields.

The Maize Growers Open Day

  • When: Wednesday 25th September
  • Where: Appley Croft, Stawley, near Wellington, TA21 0HJ
  • Time: 10am - 3pm
  • Lunch: A complimentary lunch will be provided

Booking details

The meeting is free to attend, but any farmers wishing to take part should register their attendance with Louise Woolacott (telephone: 07803 286852, email: or Clive Edmunds (telephone: 07341 883157, email:


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Book Clubs and Discussion Groups

Books and Brews

This group of readers meets the first Wednesday of the month at 6:30 p.m.  Originally formed at Cowtown Brewery, meetings currently occur online via Zoom.

Join a meeting!

Stay at Home Book Club

You can stay home and still find community with fellow book lovers right here with the Stay at Home Book Club

This is an active Facebook Group with more than 400 adult participants moderated by our Adult Services librarians and staff.  It is a fun, friendly group of readers who explore all types of literature.

Our book selections are always made available in Overdrive and on the Libby App to make it easy to participate from home.

Join us today!

What #FortWorthReads

Join us weekly, on Wednesday from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. on Instagram Live for book recommendations from our librarians and staff.  Readers can submit requests for recommendations ahead of time or during the broadcast and receive real-time ideas from our staff.  This is a fun, casual way to learn about a wide variety of books and is suitable for teens and adults.   Previous episodes can be viewed on the Library's IGTV channel

Book clubs hosted at our library branches are currently on hold due to pandemic precautions.  We look forward to restarting these groups soon.


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Woodford dilemma

The closure of the Woodford Equity Income Fund (WEIF) could leave investors waiting for their money for “years”, with the affair likely to have ramifications for the Authorised Corporate Director (ACD) market and regulators’ future approach to fund liquidity standards, according to industry commentators.  Investors are likely to see some capital more quickly from the sale of the fund’s liquid assets, but the fund’s illiquid assets – to which it has high exposure – will take much longer to liquidate.

The same will apply to all investors regardless of size, with Kent County Council’s intention to withdraw £250m – which reportedly led to the WEIF’s June gating – to be paid back at the same pace as every other investor.  The potential downside is that investors will end up waiting longer, but the upside is they will probably get a better price.”

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Is your March Madness bracket really better than mine?

Participating in a March Madness bracket office pool this year? Don’t rely too much on experts’ picks or overestimate your chance of winning.

And if you’re feeling confident about your bracket, you should know that just the act of trying to predict the winner of each of the 63 games is enough to boost your confidence you’ll come out on top.

In one study, we gave empty brackets to 81 college students. Half of them were specifically asked to fill out the bracket; the other half were given the bracket but not asked to fill it out. They all were asked to project their winning probabilities – if they had completed the bracket, how good they thought it was, and if they hadn’t, how good they could have made it if they had tried.

When we adjusted for participants’ past bracket experience and basketball knowledge, we found that people who filled out a bracket showed greater confidence in winning than those who did not make any selections. Simply putting some effort into making picks increased their belief in having a good chance of winning.

The illusion of control

My interviews with participants showed that filling out a bracket will also encourage consumers to watch more games with heightened levels of arousal and excitement. This is critical for television networks, and for sponsors who spend millions of dollars on rights and advertising. No wonder the NCAA, which strictly bans all forms of legal or illegal gambling on college sports, releases a free downloadable “Official Bracket” every year.

Feeling confident is a good thing, as I teach my young son all the time, but not when you are gambling. We often make biased judgments, believing correct picks are due to “skill” but chalking up losses to “bad luck.” Such biasing judgments only reinforce the illusory perception of control over what is actually a random outcome.

Psychologists have found that “illusion of control” is prevalent when chance is involved and has been widely examined in trading, gambling and fantasy sports. Research has also found that illusory perception in winning is heightened when skill-relevant factors are involved, such as personal involvement, knowledge, competition and familiarity with the task.

Confidence doesn’t improve accuracy, but does raise betting stakes

March Madness brackets provide ample opportunities for basketball mavens to believe that they can make accurate predictions – even though that may not be the case.

You make personal selections, rely on stats and expert knowledge, and usually compete with your office mates or friends, or even online with anonymous others (such as on ESPN). A second study, published alongside the first, showed this.

In 2011, we ran a mock tournament with real prizes (US$100 gift card) involving college basketball fans. We wanted to see if people who were more confident about their picks were actually more correct than their less confident peers. After all the participants made their selections, we asked how confident they were that they would be in the top 10 percent for overall bracket accuracy by the end of the tournament.

Based on their self-rating of confidence in winning, we grouped participants into high- and low-confidence sections and tracked their actual performance after three weeks of the tournament. Interestingly, we found no difference between these groups: that confidence had no effect on improving accuracy.

Moreover, the confident fans would have lost 2.56 times more money than the less confident group if they had actually been betting on their results. The members of the more confident group said they would wager an average of $22.95, while those who were less confident projected betting $8.85 on average.

Perfection is impossible, even with expert knowledge

In the same year, three basketball analysts from ESPN, CBS and Sports Illustrated made their Final Four predictions. Only one analyst correctly picked one school out of the four; when we compared the picks of so-called “experts” to the nonexperts in our study, we found neither was more successful.

So confidence in winning a pool does not necessarily mean that you will win some cash or free lunch from your colleague. Warren Buffett once announced he would give $1 billion to anyone who picked a perfect bracket.

No one ever came up with any brackets even near perfect, which shouldn’t be surprising. The chance for the perfect bracket is somewhere north of 1 in 120 billion (or maybe a couple trillion, or even a few quintillion). But we know for sure that people will still come back this year and fill out their brackets online, offline or on their smartphones.

While we found that overconfidence does not translate into winning, we did learn that it boosts enjoyment.

It is the excitement from overconfidence that brings people back to the bracket every year. Fill out a bracket and boost your confidence: that is perhaps all you need for enjoying watching the tournament with your colleagues and friends. Don’t get too serious, though. You might end up buying lunch for your office mate who picked his teams solely based on jersey colors.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article here:

Copyright 2021 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

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Bears draft Georgia LB Roquan Smith with No. 8 pick in draft

Roquan Smith #3 of the Georgia Bulldogs reacts to winning the game MVP trophy after beating the Auburn Tigers in the SEC Championship at Mercedes-Benz Stadium on December 2, 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Jamie Squire/Getty Images)

The Chicago Bears drafted Georgia linebacker Roquan Smith with the No. 8 overall pick Thursday night, adding a potential cornerstone player on defense rather than another offensive weapon for quarterback Mitchell Trubisky.

The Bears have spent the offseason collecting pieces they believe will help Trubisky develop into a franchise quarterback. But when Indianapolis took Notre Dame guard Quenton Nelson with the sixth pick, it became apparent Chicago would address the defense.

"What they can expect from me when I arrive is a relentless guy on the field and off the field, going about my business the right way and going to do whatever it takes to put the Bears in the best possible situation every time I step on to the field," Smith said. "And I'm beyond excited, I can't put it into words how excited I am about this opportunity to be a Chicago Bear. It's insane and I'm ready to give the city of Chicago everything I have in me."

Smith joins a team with four straight last-place finishes in the NFC North and just one playoff appearance since the 2006 team's run to the Super Bowl. The Monsters of the Midway haven't finished with a winning record since 2012, Lovie Smith's last season as coach.

That's something they hope Smith will help change.

An All-American and Butkus Award winner as college football's best linebacker, he led Georgia to the national championship game last season. Though he is a bit undersized at 6-foot-1, 236 pounds, he has speed and athleticism and the coverage skills to stay on the field in passing situations. His leadership is also a plus.

Smith figures to line up inside for the Bears. He'll also be reunited with another Bulldog in outside linebacker Leonard Floyd, drafted by Chicago with the No. 9 pick in 2016.

Smith said he "looked up to the guy a lot" and is eager to play with him. He mentioned the Bears' tradition, particularly at linebacker with Dick Butkus, Mike Singletary, Brian Urlacher and Lance Briggs.

"It's insane. I'm excited," he said.

Chicago has one second-round pick, two fourth-rounders and one each in the fifth, sixth and seventh. The Bears don't have a third-round selection.

The Bears fired John Fox after three seasons and replaced him with an offensive-minded coach in Matt Nagy, who spent the past 10 years working on Andy Reid's staffs in Philadelphia and Kansas City. They also gave Trubisky some new targets, most notably signing former Pro Bowl receiver Allen Robinson.

The Bears were still looking to boost a rather effective defense. Chicago ranked 10th overall last season despite injuries to several key players, including Floyd, and tied for seventh in the NFL with 42 sacks last season. But the Bears let linebackers Jerrell Freeman, Pernell McPhee and Willie Young go.

Smith is looking forward to playing for defensive coordinator Vic Fangio, who in three seasons has helped transform a defense that ranked among the worst in franchise history. Fangio's predecessor was Mel Tucker, now Georgia's defensive coordinator.

Smith called Tucker a "great guy" who taught him "a lot of things." But Fangio has "coached a lot of legends," including similarly sized linebackers NaVorro Bowman and Patrick Willis in San Francisco.

"I feel like those guys, we're all different in our own way, especially in being very unique. I feel like me, I feel like me and Patrick Willis both have similar speed and whatnot and both have a high IQ of the game."

For more NFL coverage: and


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Geithner on Libor Scandal: I Told Regulators 'Early On'

U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, under pressure for not doing enough to stop fraudulent manipulation of a key benchmark interest rate, told lawmakers on Wednesday he alerted the appropriate authorities "early on."

Geithner said he became aware of the problem in 2008, when he was president of the New York Federal Reserve, an influential bank regulator. That contradicts a statement from the New York Fed saying the institution knew about problems with Libor as early as 2007.

"At that time, this is in the spring of 2008, we took a very careful look at these concerns, we thought those concerns were justified," Geithner said. "And we took the initiative to bring those concerns to the attention of the broader U.S. regulatory community, including all the agencies that have responsibility for market manipulation and abuse."

Geithner has repeatedly defended his actions, saying that he told the British authorities, who oversee the British Bankers' Association that sets Libor.

Barclays Plc has since admitted to giving false information as part of setting the interest rate in a settlement with U.S. and UK authorities. Dozens of big banks, such as JPMorgan Chase & Co, are under investigation.

The House Financial Services Committee has asked the New York Fed for all communications going back to August 2007 with the banks that helped set Libor, or the London interbank offered rate.

The first trove of documents from the New York Fed showed that Barclays had flagged concerns as early as 2007 and that Geithner sent the email to Bank of England Governor Mervyn King in June 2008 with the Libor recommendations.

Last week, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke told lawmakers the process for setting the rate was structurally flawed and said reforms were in the hands of the private UK banking group responsible for Libor.


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Clemson faces Miami in ACC tourney

March 10

Miami (9-16, 5-15) vs. No. 5 seed Clemson (16-6, 10-6)

Atlantic Coast Conference Tourney Second Round, Greensboro Coliseum, Greensboro, North Carolina; Wednesday, 2:30 p.m. EST

BOTTOM LINE: Miami is set to match up against Clemson in the second round of the ACC tourney. Clemson swept the two-game regular season series. The teams last played on Feb. 27, when the Tigers outshot Miami 49.1 percent to 44 percent and hit six more 3-pointers en route to the eight-point victory.

SAVVY SENIORS: Miami's Kameron McGusty, Elijah Olaniyi and Nysier Brooks have collectively scored 37 percent of the team's points this season, including 56 percent of all Hurricanes scoring over the last five games.INTRIGUING ISAIAH: Isaiah Wong has connected on 35.3 percent of the 136 3-pointers he's attempted and has made 12 of 23 over his last five games. He's also converted 81 percent of his free throws this season.

ACCOUNTING FOR ASSISTS: The Tigers have recently used assists to create baskets more often than the Hurricanes. Clemson has 49 assists on 75 field goals (65.3 percent) over its previous three outings while Miami has assists on 37 of 73 field goals (50.7 percent) during its past three games.

DID YOU KNOW: The Clemson defense has allowed only 61.8 points per game to opponents this season, ranking the Tigers 12th among Division I teams. The Miami offense has averaged 66.4 points through 25 games (ranked 266th, nationally).

For more AP college basketball coverage:

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Be bedazzled by the magic of "les Lumières" | France Just For You
  • © Culturespaces / Nuit de Chine © © Culturespaces / Nuit de Chine
    Be bedazzled by the magic of "les Lumières"

Be bedazzled by the magic of "les Lumières"

Art comes alive, exploding in color and movement at the immersive Carrières de Lumières in les Baux-de-Provence and at the Atelier des Lumières in Paris. And in 2021, the experience will be very rich, as the two themes are:

  • Gaudi, the Architect of the Imaginary
  • Dali, the Endless Enigma

Music accompanies you as you dive into the universe of these artists. Projections on the walls and floors make you feel as you are swimming in the different works by Dali and Gaudi.

Ateliers des Lumieres Paris exhibition 2020

Atelier des Lumieres © Culturespaces / Nuit de Chine

Both venues are great, however we prefer the Carrières de Lumières in les Baux. The spectacle takes place in an old quarry called Les Grands Fonds, started in 1800 in order to fulfil the increasing demand for building stone at that time. The quarry closed in 1935, as new building materials such as steel and concrete were being developed. In 1959, the artistic drama of the site took over, becoming the backdrop for some operas, films sets, etc. The scenographer Joseph Svoboda had the idea of using the exceptional space for a sound and light show. The actual Carrières de Lumières opened in 2012.

If you are not visiting beautiful Provence, take advantage of the sister site, the Atelier des Lumières, in Paris. Housed in a foundry dating from 1835, the experience is also enchanting.

Whichever site you visit, it is necessary to book in advance via their websites.

Salvador Dali

Prominent Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dali was born in Figueres, Spain, in 1904, only 9 months after his brother of the same name died from gastroenteritis. When Dali was five years old, he was taken to his brother's grave and was told that he was his brother's reincarnation. Now how surrealist is that?

In the late 1920s, Dali made many trips to Paris and frequented other artitists, such as Picasso, Magritte, Miro and the poet Eluard. It was at this time that he was introduced to the surrealist movement. Dali is probably best known for his 1931 painting, The Persistence of Memory. In addition to painting, his repertoire also included film, sculpture and photography.

Dali married Gala (who had previously been married to Eluard) in 1934, and she became his primary muse as well as his business manager. Both were artists and enjoyed indulging in unusual and grandiose behavior. Gala died in 1982, and it is alleged that she had been dosing Dali with a mix of unprescribed medicine that damaged his nervous system and eventually made it impossible for him to create his art. He died in Figuera in 1989 at the age of 84.

Dali et Gala

Dali and his muse and wife, Gala (Photo : Eric Spiller, Culturepaces)

Antoni Gaudi

Born in Catalonia in 1852, Antoni Gaudi showed an early interest in architecture, graduating from the Provincial School of Architecture in Barcelona in 1878. Greatly influenced by nature, Gaudi was part of the Catalan Modernista movement. His works are peppered throughout the city of Barcelona, crowned by the Sagrada Familia basilica. Gaudi died in 1926 (after being hit by a trolley car), while working on the Sagrada Familia. The Basilica is still under construction today, with a completion target date of 2026, marking the 100th anniversary of Gaudi's passing.

Sagrada Familia

The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona (Photo : Pixabay)

 - Laura Crotet, France Just For You

If you are inspired to visit other "Wonders of France", read more here.

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Northlew Photos Made in Britain logo

Explore and buy nostalgic photos of Northlew

Browse our selection of vintage and nostalgic black and white photographs of Northlew. Some may have also been hand coloured in the traditional style, bringing an old scene back to life with even more realism.

All these photographs are available to buy as a wide range of products, including Framed Prints in a variety of sizes and styles, Canvas, jigsaws, mugs, tea towels, cushion covers and make great gifts for relatives at Christmas, for birthdays and almost any other occasion.

Don't forget we also have maps and books for Northlew and Devon too!


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Old Maps of Wrockwardine, Shropshire Made in Britain logo

Historic maps of the Wrockwardine area

Take a look at our selection of old historic maps based upon Wrockwardine in Shropshire. Taken from original Ordnance Survey maps sheets and digitally sticthed together to form a single layer, these maps offer a true reflection of how the land used to be. Explore the areas you know before the railways, roads and places you know became what they are today.

All these maps are available to buy as a wide range of products, including Framed Prints, Canvas Prints, Jigsaws, Mugs, Tea Towels, Cushion Covers. They make wonderful, unique and personal gifts for almost any occasion.

Old Map of Shropshire

An old map of Shropshire, hand-drawn in 1840 for the renowned cartographic publisher Samuel Lewis.

These superbly detailed maps provide an authoritive and fascinating insight into the history and gradual development of our cities, towns and villages.

The maps are decorated in the margins by selected Frith photographs. Available to buy in a range of sizes and styles, including large prints on canvas.

More about this Map

  • Scale: ~7 miles to 1 inch
  • Area covered: Traditional boundaries of Shropshire
  • Year drawn: 1840

Old Maps Near Wrockwardine

You may be interested in these old maps of the area nearby. Choose one to see a larger version.


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Memories of Worcester Park

I was Baptised, confirmed and married at St. Philip's Church. I also was a Brownie and a Guide and a Guider. Also a Sunday school teacher. I was very saddened at the news that the church had been pulled down. We lived at 23, Merrilands Road. My parents lived there for over 40 years.

I lived in Woodlands Avenue and used to walk down The Avenue every day in term time to catch the bus to Kingston. At that time many of the big houses were still standing but one by one, probably as the owners died or they became too much for them, they were demolished and flats built. Even today there are some (...Read full memory)

I lived as a child at 49, Washington Road, Worcester Park, Surrey, which I learnt to relate parrot fashion as a 5 or 6 year old in case I got lost. We had a black dustbin with the Number 49 on it, a monkey puzzle tree in the garden, and a neighbour was an "old" lady who made fireworks. Next door was a family with (...Read full memory)

I remember Mr Morley, who owned the bakers at the corner of Longfellow Road, roping the bread delivery cart , fully loaded, to the back of his old Ford car and pulling it up the hill to his shop at the top , with the delivery man, who only had part of one arm, swinging between the shafts of the cart. The poor old delivery (...Read full memory)

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7 Deadly Sins Playing Card Box Set Perspective: front
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7 Deadly Sins Playing Card Box Set

1 eachUPC: 0019320600862
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"All Hope Abandon, Ye Who Enter Here"

- Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy

We're all sinners, here. What's your guilty pleasure? Are you always longing for something new, something shiny? Do you live to be the envy of the party? No matter your vice, the 7 Deadly Sins playing cards box set will be all the rage at your next Halloween gathering or poker game night. Now, you can visit the unsettling layers of the underworld without paying the carnal price, like Dante centuries before.

Man always asks for just a little more, that's why we grant you sevenfold the average set of playing cards. Yes, you get seven decks of premium, thematic cards that portray the evil within mankind.

Why You'll Love It

The stunning illustrations on the card backs were hand drawn by talented artists, here at Brybelly. This novelty creation was inspired by Dante's Inferno, the tale that leaves readers questioning their morals.

Each card set depicts disturbing imagery of sin, cleverly crafted with recognizable references such as the All-Seeing Eye, singing sirens, and much, much more.

Standard size decks with 52 cards with the classic four suits. Works great for Texas Hold'em, Poker, Blackjack, Kemps, Goldfish, and almost any other of your favorite card games.

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December Stillness Summary and Analysis

FreeBookNotes found 3 sites with book summaries or analysis of December Stillness. If there is a December Stillness SparkNotes, Shmoop guide, or Cliff Notes, you can find a link to each study guide below.

Among the summaries and analysis available for December Stillness, there are 1 Short Summary and 2 Book Reviews.

Depending on the study guide provider (SparkNotes, Shmoop, etc.), the resources below will generally offer December Stillness chapter summaries, quotes, and analysis of themes, characters, and symbols.

December Stillness

by Mary Downing Hahn

Young Adult
September 1st 1988
Est. Read Time:
3 hours

Full Book Notes and Study Guides

Sites like SparkNotes with a December Stillness study guide or cliff notes. Also includes sites with a short overview, synopsis, book report, or summary of Mary Downing Hahn’s December Stillness.

We found no such entries for this book title. Please see the supplementary resources provided below for other helpful content related to this book.

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864 votes

SuperSummary (Plot Summaries) - December Stillness

Provider of short book summaries. Offers plot summary and brief analysis of book.

Book Reviews

Sites with a book review or quick commentary on December Stillness by Mary Downing Hahn.

715 votes

Amazon Reviews - December Stillness

User-submitted reviews on Amazon often have helpful information about themes, characters, and other relevant topics.

1627 votes

GoodReads - December Stillness

GoodReads community and editorial reviews can be helpful for getting a wide range of opinions on various aspects of the book.

Estimated Read Time : 3 minutes

Word Count: 850

More Books by Mary Downing Hahn

FreeBookNotes has 17 more books by Mary Downing Hahn, with a total of 62 study guides.


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Underground Kingdom Summary and Analysis

FreeBookNotes found 3 sites with book summaries or analysis of Underground Kingdom. If there is a Underground Kingdom SparkNotes, Shmoop guide, or Cliff Notes, you can find a link to each study guide below.

Among the summaries and analysis available for Underground Kingdom, there are 1 Short Summary and 2 Book Reviews.

Depending on the study guide provider (SparkNotes, Shmoop, etc.), the resources below will generally offer Underground Kingdom chapter summaries, quotes, and analysis of themes, characters, and symbols.

Underground Kingdom

by Edward Packard

Gamebooks Choose Your Own Adventure
Est. Read Time:
2 hours

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We found no such entries for this book title. Please see the supplementary resources provided below for other helpful content related to this book.

Short Book Summaries

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3223 votes

Wikipedia - Underground Kingdom

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Book Reviews

Sites with a book review or quick commentary on Underground Kingdom by Edward Packard.

363 votes

KirkusReviews - Underground Kingdom

Kirkus Reviews tend to be brief, only two or three paragraphs long. The emphasis is on describing the writing style and quality, with a short plot synopsis included. Reviews end with a summary of the reviewer's thoughts and links to purchase options.

Estimated Read Time : 1 minute

Word Count: 172

1627 votes

GoodReads - Underground Kingdom

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More Books by Edward Packard

FreeBookNotes has 4 more books by Edward Packard, with a total of 8 study guides.


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Personal tools

Introduce ea

From FreeReading

Jump to: navigation, search
Activity Type: Introduce
Activity Form: Standard
Grade: K, 1, 2
Group Size: Small Group, Whole Class
Length: 10 minutes
Materials: Letter card (print it here)
Goal: Given a printed letter combination, the student can say its sound ( ai -> /ay/ )
Items: ea

What to do

  1. Write the letters ea on the board; make them at least a foot tall. Alternatively, use a letter card large enough for the whole group to see easily.
  2. Some letters stick together, so they make one sound even though they are two letters. Here are two letters that stick together. The sound for these letters is /ee/. It's the sound in the middle of the word beat: /ee/. What's the sound?
  3. Did you notice that it's the same sound as these letters make? Write ee next to ea on the board. What's the sound?
  4. Look for students who are not saying the sound. Ask them: What's the sound? Look for students who are making the wrong sound and model the sound for them until they have it right. Well done everyone.
  5. Erase ea and ee. Now write a mix of 12 letters and letter combinations on the board, arranged randomly: 4 of the items should be ea and they should be interspersed with 8 other items dissimilar in appearance to ea such as qu and ol.
  6. When I point to the letters we just learned, say their sound. When I point to anything else, you have to stay quiet. My turn first. Point to a series of items and either say the sound or make a performance of saying nothing, as appropriate.
  7. Your turn. Ready? Point to items randomly, holding on each one for a few seconds.
  8. If a student says the sound for one of the other items (not ea), point to ea and say: You only need to make a sound for these letters. When I point to anything else, stay quiet. Ready? Look for individuals who are saying nothing when you point to ea. Have those students try items individually until they have it (but don’t call only on struggling students). Keep going until everyone has the new sound.

Related activities

Retrieved from "/wiki/Introduce_ea"


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By Max Clarke

Almost half of businesses have lost money in the last 12 months as a result of trading with another company without a signed contract in place or completing adequate due diligence, according to new research commissioned by Creditsafe.

A failure to complete due diligence has seen 7% of UK firms become a victim of fraud, losing monies after being duped into sending goods to a false business address or a company vanishing before paying for goods received. One-in-six firms has provided goods and services in the last 12 months without ensuring a contract is in place or conducting any checks on the customer.

When providing goods or services to new customers, 40% of companies don’t have a written agreement in place, a contract or even email confirmation, to ensure there is a contractual obligation for payment. Less than half run a credit check before entering into an agreement with a new customer, so they may have no idea whether the company is solvent before trading. Almost three quarters of firms don’t check whether the delivery address for goods matches a registered address for that company and 67% of companies don’t even review a company’s website to check they are legitimate.

Companies are also failing to complete regular checks on existing customers to establish whether their circumstances have changed and their ability to pay for goods and services provided has been affected. In the last 12 months, 84% of companies have provided goods and services to existing clients without running a refresh credit check on that enterprise.

David Knowles, Business Development Director at Creditsafe, said: “The pressure placed on companies to deliver goods and services in a restricted timeframe without a signed contract or purchase order can be immense.

“However”, he cautioned, “even if firms do not have time to sign a contract there is no excuse for failing to complete the most basic due diligence exercises to establish whether a customer has the means to pay for the goods or services provided, or to ensure that a transaction is not fraudulent.”

Millions of UK businesses are putting their faith in handshake agreements; with one-in-five companies providing goods and services because they ‘trusted’ the people they were dealing with. A further 20% conducted no checks because they were trading with a big company so were confident they could pay, which given the dramatic collapse of big companies such as ROK, Pontins and Connaught in the last year is a risky strategy. Almost one in ten companies claim they have been pressurised into trading with companies because they felt there wasn’t time for adequate checks and they feared losing the business if they delayed.

When firms do lose money after neglecting due diligence or failing to have a contractual agreement in place, there is a reluctance to chase up monies through legal channels. Just a quarter of firms that lost monies after failing to be paid appropriately after delivering goods or service threatened legal action. The vast majority accepted losing these monies and the passive action taken was to refuse to offer services to the company in the future.


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marleys_ghost_-_a_christmas_carol_1843_opposite_25_-_bl Image: John Leech/ Wikimedia

When it comes to Christmas parties and gifts, employers that play Scrooge and manage to keep a lid on the costs could enjoy considerable tax savings, according to Smith & Williamson.

There is a specific tax exemption for annual parties or similar functions for employees. The exemption only applies when available to all staff, or all staff at one location, and the cost does not exceed £150 per head each year, inclusive of VAT.

Paul Tucker, a partner and employment tax specialist in Smith & Williamson’s Bristol office, said: “When working out the cost per head, the whole cost of the event is counted, from the start to the end, so taxis to and from the function and any overnight accommodation have to be included in the calculation.

“The thing to remember is that it is an exemption, not an allowance. So, if the cost goes over £150 per head then unfortunately all the costs, not just the excess, are taxable as a benefit in kind. If the limit is exceeded, the benefit must either be reported on each employee’s P11D with the employee paying the tax and the employer the employer’s National Insurance Contributions or alternatively, the ‘grossed up’ tax can be paid by the employer through a PAYE settlement agreement.

“Grossing up could mean that an event that cost £160 per head could lead to an additional tax and national insurance bill of up to a further £140 per person for a higher rate taxpayer. So keeping the event cost down to £150 could almost halve the total cost to the employer.”

Paul added: “If you put on more than one event for all employees and the cost per head of each is less than £150, but in total exceeds £150, then you can only exempt the one with the highest cost and treat the other one as a benefit.”

For those employers planning to present their staff with Christmas presents, it’s worth brushing up on the new tax rules as well as potential pitfalls. The good news is that from 6 April this year, non-cash gifts and staff entertaining costing up to £50 per occasion, including VAT, will not be taxable or liable to National Insurance provided that they are not part of a salary sacrifice arrangement, and they are not a reward or in recognition of work undertaken by the employee.

Mr. Tucker said: “An employer is now able to give non-cash vouchers of up to £50, such as store vouchers, without attracting tax or national insurance. An employer used to be able to give small items such as hampers or bottles of wine tax free, but could accidently face a large tax bill when trying to provide something as simple as stores vouchers.

“There is no limit to the number of gifts an employee may receive unless the company is a ‘close company’ where an annual limit of £300 may apply for some employees. The recent changes could end up saving some employers thousands of pounds.”

He added: “Christmas may be a time to be generous, but when it comes to staff parties, entertaining and giving presents, an element of playing Scrooge may pay.”


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Enterprise and National: Here to serve your company's needs

NASCAR Race Weekend Central

What’s The Real Story: A New Perspective On Danica And More, From The Drag Strip

While the NASCAR Cup and Truck Series were in Kansas last weekend, a show of a whole different kind was rolling into Charlotte. Just across Bruton Smith Boulevard from Charlotte Motor Speedway is zMAX Dragway, and the NHRA show was in town for Four-Wide Nationals.

It may have been just across the street, but it might as well have been a whole other world.

It was a lot to take in. There were new rules to learn, new interviews to seek, a whole new level of loud. A lot of lessons were packed into one weekend, and I came away richer in knowledge and understanding of a new form of racing. But there were also lessons about NASCAR to be learned, more from the contrast of the two sports than anything else.

Believe it or not, the first thing that came to my mind after spending some time in the pits was … how unfair are we being to Danica Patrick? By “we,” in this case, I’m talking mostly the media, but also of some fans … and the answer really gave me pause. Because really, it isn’t a very nice conclusion at all.

Danica Patrick may be in the spotlight for all the wrong reasons in her young career.

Are we piling on the pressure for Patrick to succeed simply because she’s a woman? Well, yes … and there’s also the pervading sense that she has had a lot of opportunities handed to her because of her gender, and well, to be blunt, she has. But the pressure heaped on her by the media is just ridiculous. No driver could possibly live up to the hype that surrounds Patrick. And the inescapable conclusion is that the hype is due to one thing, and one thing only: her gender.

Everywhere, we’re inundated with trivia: she’s the first female driver to race this track, first to qualify in such-and-such a spot, first to do this “thing.” It’s news that she’s dating a fellow driver because that hasn’t happened very often. Patrick is under the microscope practically 24/7 because she’s a girl. Not only that, but the media are putting the pressure on her for all those “first female” and “best by a female” records because we want a feel-good story.

People can say it’s because she’s a talented racer, but be honest: there are plenty of drivers who match her talent. You can say it’s because she’s an open-wheel star turned NASCAR driver, but that’s not it either, if we’re honest. After all, Sam Hornish, Jr., Dario Franchitti, and Juan Pablo Montoya were all much more accomplished open-wheel racers when they made the move, and they didn’t get this kind of attention.

Not only is Patrick being buried, under undue pressure there’s also a group of fans who actively dislike her because of the attention she receives. And you can’t really blame them; it’s a bitter pill to swallow when a driver is featured extensively in every corner of the media while many drivers of equal caliber barely get a mention. It’s not fair. But it’s also not fair to Patrick. If the media need her to succeed so badly just to get a positive story out of it, something’s wrong somewhere.

She didn’t ask for the attention. She’d probably prefer to learn the ins and outs of Cup racing somewhere other than under the microscope. She’s a rookie, and she hasn’t even raced a lot of these tracks in a Cup car yet. She should be out there logging laps, learning lines, practicing strategy. But she’s not allowed to simply do that, because she’s supposed to set records.

Meanwhile, take a walk through the pits at an NHRA event, and women are a part of every series. They’re there, and have been for years. Shirley Muldowney was winning races and titles in the NHRA’s Top Fuel division — its top class — in the 1970s. All in all, 51 women have driven in NHRA events over the years, and 13 of them have won. Women work on the race teams. They’re just “a part of the scene” in the pits. They aren’t followed by cameras every step they take; not even the most well-known female drag racers, Courtney and Brittany Force, get that kind of constant media attention. And I definitely got the impression that while they do get the extra scrutiny that any racing series’ biggest stars enjoy (or not), it isn’t simply because they’re women. If anything, it’s because their last name is Force, and their father is a 15-time NHRA champion. The better comparison here might be to Dale Earnhardt, Jr., not to Patrick.

I asked Brittany Force, who is a rookie in the Top Fuel division, if she felt extra pressure to perform because she’s a woman.

“I don’t see it like that; I’m (just) out there,” Force said. “The one thing about this sport is, we’re all out here because we have this passion for driving, for drag racing. It’s something we all love. Everybody has been so great out here. My whole year of testing, I had Tony Schumacher and Spencer Massey, other Top Fuel drivers just come over and give me pointers and tips and offer that if I ever had any questions, I could always come ask them. Everybody has been really supportive, and I think that’s the great thing about the sport.”

Seeing the way the women in NHRA racing are treated (pretty much like anyone else; they’re not referred to as “female drivers,” but simply as “drivers”) made me wonder if the undue media pressure is keeping Patrick from performing to her full potential — she’s pulled in so many different directions on a race weekend that it has to take its toll. Maybe it’s time to just let her be another driver.

On a similar vein, the NHRA, from drivers to crews to fans, is a diverse group. The diversity among fans is noticeable compared to the NASCAR crowd. Among the drivers and crews, it’s similar to the way women are viewed … all competitors are simply racers. The diversity didn’t come from a carefully tailored and controlled program such as NASCAR has instituted. It just is. And perhaps that’s why it flourishes.

Race day atmosphere is pretty special in any form of racing. It’s almost like a carnival, with bright-colored booths vying for attention as they hawk their wares. Sponsors have interactive exhibits, where fans can spin a giant wheel or guess the number of hubcaps in a bin to win prizes. The smell of fried food competes with the smell of racing fuel to be the pervading scent. Everyone is having a good time.

The difference was that in the NHRA pits, the drivers are a part of it all. They spend time meeting and talking to fans and they look like they’re having almost as much fun as the fans are. They rarely sign a hurried autograph and walk away; many stopped to pose for pictures, even inviting the fans to come stand by their cars for a photo. Top Fuel champion Antron Brown not only went the extra mile, but he remembered several longtime fans from previous meetings and greeted them like old friends. All the while, he was having fun.

While it would be impossible to grant every fan at a NASCAR race that kind of access, it would be nice to see more drivers signing at their haulers — you used to see it a lot more in the not-too-distant past. And why not have fun with it while they’re there? Some drivers genuinely do; others, far too many look like they’d rather be boiled in oil.

Another thing that intrigued me was that yes, there are bigger teams with more money, but the cars are so on the edge there’s no guarantee that the big money will win. At 8,000 horsepower, a rich team’s engine can break as easily as a poor one’s. And you don’t hear fans grousing that this team is favored or this one only wins because they have the cash, or those guys cheat all the time. That kind of sniping isn’t good for racing.

Someone said to me that NHRA racing today is, in a lot of ways, the way NASCAR was 30 years ago. If that’s true, then how did NASCAR, the media, and even the fans go astray … and how does the NHRA keep from doing it? Maybe it’s because everyone, from media to fans, is looking for the next big story, the next bandwagon to jump on, the newest buzz words. For NHRA fans, the story is simple — it’s the race weekend itself, the drivers, and the roar of the cars on the racetrack. They let the racing be the story. And maybe that’s why, in its simplicity, it’s told so very well.

Perhaps it’s time for everyone to take a long, hard look at the way we view a NASCAR event and the things that surround it. Maybe it’s time to step back, stop pressuring drivers to be something they’re not, to stop looking for a story that isn’t there, to let the racing do the talking. Because while NASCAR and NHRA drag racing are two very different sports, they have one thing in common: the fans are there because they love racing. So why not just enjoy the show?

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  T&D > T&D Pubs > Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook T&D Publications Header

Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook

Trail signs comes in two forms. Trailhead and junction signs are used to identify trail names, directions, destinations, and distances. Reassurance markers are used to mark the trail corridor when the tread may be difficult to follow.

Typically, signs are used at trailheads to identify the trailhead and the trails there. At some locations, destinations accessed by these trails and the distances to the destinations will be displayed. Signs also are used at system trail junctions (and road crossings) to identify each trail by name and indicate its direction. Signs may identify features, destinations, and occasionally, regulations, warnings, or closures.

Reassurance markers include cut blazes on trees; wood, plastic, or metal tags; posts; and cairns. Reassurance markers are more useful as the tread becomes more difficult to identify and follow. These markers help travelers identify the trail corridor when the tread is indistinct, the ground is covered with snow, or when the route is confused by multiple trails or obscured by weather, such as dense fog. National trails usually are marked periodically with specially designed tags.

The number of signs or reassurance markers depends primarily on the planned user skill level. Low-challenge trails typically will be signed with destinations and distances. Usually, the trail will be so obvious that reassurance marking is necessary only at points where users might be confused. As the desired opportunity for challenge rises, the amount of information given by signs usually drops to trail identification and direction. You may find special guidelines for wilderness areas.

Installing Signs

Trail signs are made of a variety of materials; the most typical is Carsonite or wood. Usually, signs are mounted on posts or trees. Signs in rocky areas should be mounted on a post seated in an excavated hole or supported by a well-constructed cairn.

Wooden posts may be obtained onsite or hauled in. Onsite (native) material is usually less expensive, but may have a shorter useful life. Native material looks less artificial; it may be preferred in primitive settings. Purchased posts should be pressure treated. Their longer lifespan will offset the higher initial purchase and transportation costs. Round posts appear less artificial than square posts and provide more options for custom alignment of signs at trail junctions. Posts should be at least 150 millimeters (6 inches) in diameter.

Signs should be placed where they are easy to read, but far enough from the tread to leave clearance for normal traffic. Different agencies have special rules regarding signs. Make sure you're following the rules that apply to your trail. In deep snow country, try to locate the post in relatively flat surroundings to reduce the effects of snow creep, which can carry signs down the hill.

Sign Plans

The number and types of signs and reassurance markers should be detailed in a sign plan for the area you are working in. Consistent with the plan, signs and markers should be esthetically appropriate, visible, in useful locations, and well maintained. Install no more signs than necessary.

Spikes or lag screws can be used at the base of the post to improve anchoring (figure 86). Seat the post in the hole and keep it vertical while you drop a few rocks into the hole to secure it. Tamp these rocks with a rockbar or tool handle to jam them into place. Continue to place rocks and dirt in the hole, tamping as you go. Top off the hole with mounded soil to accommodate settling and to prevent water from puddling around the post.

Photo of the side view of how a post is to be installed into the ground entitled 'Signpost Instrallation'. Labeled with text and an arrow: Compressed soil, Anchor bolt, and Rock laid and tamped tight. The hole is labeled: Hole 500 to 600 mm (20 to 24 in) deep.
Figure 86—The key to placing solid posts is to tamp the
rock and soil with a rockbar as you fill the hole.

In rocky areas or very soft soils (such as those next to a turnpike), signposts can be supported by a cairn. Horizontally placed spikes or lag screws should be used at the base for anchors. Chinking the cairn with smaller rocks helps tighten the post against the larger stones. "Anchoring Trail Markers and Signs in Rocky Areas" (Watson 2005) provides instructions for installing signposts without using heavy tools and equipment.

Signs should have holes already drilled so they can be attached to the post. Level each sign and secure it with galvanized lag screws or, better yet, through-bolts that have a bolt head and washer on one side and a washer and nut on the other. Galvanized hardware reduces rust stains on the sign. New wood preservatives like ACQ (alkaline copper quaternary compound) are highly corrosive to aluminum and carbon steel. Use triple-dipped galvanized fasteners. Galvanized washers should be used between the head of the screw and the sign face to reduce the potential for the sign to pull over the screw. In areas where sign theft is a problem, use special theft-prevention hardware.

The bottom edge of signs should be set about 1.5 meters (60 inches) above the tread. The sign's top edge should be 50 millimeters (2 inches) below the top of the post. Where snow loads are a problem, the post can be notched and the signs seated full depth in the post. Treated posts will be susceptible to rotting where they are notched, so they should be spot treated with preservative.

Use caution when mounting signs to trees. The sign should be obvious to travelers and legible from the tread. If signs mounted on trees doesn't meet these conditions, use a post instead. Mount signs to trees with galvanized lag screws and washers, rather than spikes. That way, the sign can be loosened periodically to accommodate tree growth. Leave a gap between the sign and the tree to allow for the growth.

Installing Reassurance Markers

Reassurance markers are used only where the trail is not obvious. If the tread is obvious during the regular use season, these markers aren't needed. Reassurance markers may be helpful if a trail is hard to follow because the tread is indistinct, regularly covered with snow during part of the normal use season, or if weather conditions (such as fog) make the trail hard to distinguish at times. Reassurance markers also are helpful at junctions with nonsystem (informal) trails, or where multiple trails cause confusion.

Place reassurance markers carefully. They should be clearly visible from any point where the trail could be lost. This is a judgment call, often controversial, based on the challenge level served by the trail and the conditions along it. Higher challenge trails need fewer markers; lower challenge trails may need more.

Each marker location should be flagged before installation and checked for visibility in the desired direction of travel. Each location should be marked in both directions (on both sides of the same tree) so there is no question whether or not the marker is official. The marking decisions should be based on traffic traveling in both directions. Be conservative with markers. It's better to improve tread visibility than to rely on markers, except on high-challenge trails where tread frequently may not be visible at all.

The classic reassurance marker is a blaze cut on a tree. The standard Forest Service blaze should always be used to differentiate it from the freeform blazes and antler rubbings that appear on nonsystem trails (figure 87). Cut blazes carefully because a mistake can't be repaired. If a blaze is consistently buried by snow during part of the use season, the blaze can be cut higher on the tree, but not so high that it becomes difficult to locate from the tread. Cut blazes may, on rare occasions, need to be freshened—recut them carefully.

Drawings of trees with blazes and marker tags.
Figure 87—Blaze trees on both sides. Cut the blaze no deeper than
needed for clear visibility. Blazes are no longer cut into
trees in many parts of the country.
Click here for a long description.

Blazes are no longer cut on trees in many parts of the country. Check with your local trail manager to learn what's appropriate. Policies vary across the Nation.

Different types of blazes may be used on some specially designated trails, such as the Appalachian Trail. Blazers (sometimes called marker tags) are used when higher visibility is desired and esthetic considerations are not critical. The most common tags are colored diamonds of plastic or metal, reflective for night use or nonreflective when called for in the trail management plan. Various colors are used. These tags should be mounted on trees using aluminum nails. Allow 12 millimeters (½ inch) or so behind the tag for additional tree growth. Directional arrows, where appropriate, should be placed in a similar fashion. Markers also can be mounted on wooden or fiberglass posts.

Blazers should be checked for continued usefulness. If the tread is more obvious than when these markers were originally installed, consider removing some. If folks are getting lost, restore more visible tread, move existing blazers to more visible locations, or add a few more where they will be most effective. Remove all signs and blazers that don't fit the plan for the area.

Painted blazes are sometimes used. Be absolutely sure to use a template of a size and color specified in your trail management plan. Don't let just anyone start painting blazes.

Cairns are used in open areas where low visibility or snow cover makes it difficult to follow the tread or where the tread is rocky and indistinct. Two or three stones piled one on top of the other—sometimes called rock ducks—are no substitute for cairns and should be scattered at every opportunity. Cairns are similar in construction to rock cribs and consist of circular tiers of stones (figure 88).

Drawings of the side and top views of cairns
Figure 88—Two- or three-stone rock ducks are no
substitute for cairns and should not be built.
Click here for a long description.

Make the base of the cairn wide enough to provide enough batter for stability. In really deep snow country, you may need to add a long guide pole in the center as the cairn is built. If it's appropriate to remove the guide pole during the summer, a pipe can be built into the center of the cairn, allowing the guide pole to be removed easily.

Cairns should be spaced closely enough that the next cairn is visible in either direction from any given cairn during periods of poor visibility (such as dense fog). Cairns should be placed on small rises (not in swales). If cairns are used in areas of large talus, use a 2-meter (6.5- foot) guide pole in the center to distinguish the cairn from other piles of rock. The best time to decide where to place cairns is during a day with poor visibility.

In some settings, guide poles are more effective than cairns. They are most useful in snowfield crossings to keep traffic in the vicinity of the buried trail. Guide poles should be long enough to extend about 2 m (6.5 ft) above the top of the snowpack during the typical season of use. Guide poles should be at least 100 mm (4 in) in diameter. They should be sturdy enough to withstand early season storms before the snow can support them and to withstand pressures from snow creep later in the season. Avoid placing guide poles in avalanche paths. Don't mark trails for winter travel if they cross known avalanche paths.

Guide poles are also used in large meadows where tall grasses make cairns hard to spot, or where there is too little stone for cairns.

Maintaining Signs and Markers

Sign maintenance consists of remounting loose or fallen signs, repairing or replacing signs, and resetting or replacing leaning, damaged, rotting, or missing posts.

If the sign is missing, a replacement sign should be ordered and installed. Consider why the sign is missing. If the sign was stolen, consider using theft-resistant hardware to mount its replacement. If the sign was eaten by wildlife, consider less palatable materials. If weather or natural events munched the sign, consider stronger materials, a different location, or a different system for mounting the signs.

Photo Sign Inventories

Before-and-after photos help document what is happening to signs in the field and how new signs look before the forces of nature (and visitors) resume work. A good sign inventory with photos makes it easier to order replacements for missing or completely trashed signs.

For signs mounted on trees, you may need to loosen the lag screws slightly to give the tree growing room. If the sign is on a post, check to make sure that it is snugly attached. Replace rotting posts. Don't just try to get through "one more season."

Check with your manager for guidelines that will help you decide when signs should be replaced because they have bullet holes, chipped paint, missing or illegible letters, incorrect information, cracked boards, splintered mounting holes, or missing pieces. Consider the consequences of not repairing or replacing deficient signs. Take some photos to help portray the situation.


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