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Hi all, I've been struggling with object rotations for about 2 weeks now in one of my programs. Despite some good help from this forum I haven't been able to rectify the situation. Fortunately I work at a university and have spoken to a Math doctor about the problems My issue was that whenever I tried to do rotations on all three axis, one of them was always on the wrong axis. e.g. the X rotation would rotate around the X axis the y rotation would rotate around the Y axis and the z rotation would then rotate around the X axis. I put this down to the order of matrix multiplication and can see why it happens. Now here is the crunch. My discussion with the Math guy ended with him saying that you could not simply store the entire rotations up in one matrix. i.e. if you rotate by 20 degrees on the X axis and then rotate by another 20 degrees, you would have to lock the vertexbuffer at each rotation to do that, rather than just applying one cumulative rotation of 40 degrees. My question is, is this right? When playing games like Half-life2 and halo 2 its hard to imagine that when calculating the physics for making a crate crash down a hill that its vertexbuffer is being written to every frame of code. From what experience I have locking a vertex buffer is time consuming. Or do they simply keep the vertex buffer open? Anyones comments on this would be a great help to me as I am having difficulty with it. Cheers DRB2k2

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There is no need to change the VertexBuffer for rotation, scaling and tranlation. The only thing you'd change the VertexBuffer for is internal animation like an arm moving, but if you wish, you could put the arm in a different VB and use matrix transformations to animate it. So locking the VB is kind of extreme for your purposes.

As for your rotation problem, could you perhaps show us some code? You should very well be able to rotate on the 3 axes at once.

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OK guys here is the code for you.

Note some of it may be commented out, and it may look a bit strange in places,
I was basically desperate to try virtually anything to get it to work
The user has 3 spinners, an X Y Z which change the models rotation
The v1,v2,v3 stuff was just a test so ignore that, basically this code doesn't work so please don't nit pick over small points, There is something fundamentally wrong with this entire approach

Dim qRot As Microsoft.DirectX.Quaternion
Dim RadianRot As Microsoft.DirectX.Quaternion
Dim RotMatrix As Microsoft.DirectX.Matrix = Matrix.Identity

RadianRot.X = System.Math.PI * Me.ObjectDetailsList(Me.WhichObj).Rotation.x / 180
RadianRot.Y = System.Math.PI * Me.ObjectDetailsList(Me.WhichObj).Rotation.Y / 180
RadianRot.Z = System.Math.PI * Me.ObjectDetailsList(Me.WhichObj).Rotation.Z / 180

qRot = Quaternion.RotationYawPitchRoll(RadianRot.Y, RadianRot.X, RadianRot.Z)

Dim matX, matY, matZ As Matrix
'matX = Matrix.RotationX(RadianRot.X)
'matY = Matrix.RotationY(RadianRot.Y)
'matZ = Matrix.RotationZ(RadianRot.Z)
Dim v1, v2, v3 As Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3
v1 = New Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3(1, 0, 0)
v2 = New Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3(0, 1, 0)
v3 = New Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3(0, 0, 1)

matX = Matrix.RotationAxis(v1, RadianRot.X)
matY = Matrix.RotationAxis(v2, RadianRot.Y)
matZ = Matrix.RotationAxis(v3, RadianRot.Z)

RotMatrix = Matrix.Multiply(matX, matY)
RotMatrix = Matrix.Multiply(matZ, RotMatrix)

Dim q As Quaternion = Quaternion.RotationMatrix(RotMatrix)

q = qRot

RotMatrix = Matrix.Identity
Dim cent As Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3 = Me.ObjectDetailsList(Me.WhichObj).Center
RotMatrix.AffineTransformation(1, cent, q, New Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3(0, 0, 0))

RotMatrix = Matrix.Multiply(RotMatrix, Me.device.Transform.World)

Me.device.SetTransform(TransformType.World, RotMatrix)
Me.device.RenderState.Lighting = True
device.SetStreamSource(0, Me.ModelVertexBuffer, 0)
device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionNormal.Format
device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, Me.FacetCount)

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Okay i've now changed the rotation code.
Basically nothing is stored in the object rotation value anymore.
Instead I just calculate a rotation matrix(RotMatrix) for each axis, with the RELATIVE amount
in degrees changed since the last rotation, then do this calculation

Dim VectorTemp As Microsoft.DirectX.Vector3
For i = 0 To verts.GetLength(0) - 1
VectorTemp = verts(i).Position
verts(i).Position = VectorTemp

This method does work althoug it is a bit slow on my 80,000 vertex model, but not so much that you'd really notice.
It therefore seems to me that the matrix concatenation was the problem as suspected.
You guys say that it should be able to do rotations without needing to lock the buffer. Can any of you give me a quick explanation as to how you do this? I'm not looking to snatch code, but when I come to write some games every bit of speed helps :) and this would just slow the program down.

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Extension compatibility reports?

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Just wondering is there a website publication / report about which extensions are supported by which videocards? As I'm targeting my little game for quite low-end hardware, such info would be helpful. Thanks!

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Lord Xenodamus

Best game kit to make games like FF IX style?

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Hello, I''d like to know whats the best thing out to make games like Final Fantasy IX. Was it just a 3d model layer with an invisible path and 2d layers? Xeno

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Integer buffers and transform feedback

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I'm having serious trouble reading and updating integer buffers when doing transform feedback. My buffer setup follows exactly the same pattern as that of a regular float buffer and I'm getting no errors from GL. However, when accessing the buffer in the shader, I'm getting values that are definitely wrong (as in they bear no similarity to what I initially write into the buffer). The same happens when I update the buffer from the shader. The code itself is pretty sizeable so I thought I'd just post the question first - are there any limitations to using GL_INT with glVertexAttribPointer() or could this possibly be a driver fluke? I mean, there's pretty much zero information on this out on the web and float buffers are working just perfectly.

However, since I need to pack 5 parameters into a single int, I need bit level access to the stream and I don't see any way to reinterpret a float into an int without it being re-cast and transformed in GLSL.

Has anyone had any dealings with this or can verify that/whether int buffers should work at all with transform feedback.

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Gun Bros is one of the best twin stick shooters on the iPhone

In sitting down to write this review, I got to thinking about twin-stick shooters and how long they’ve been around. Really, they’ve been here since practically the beginning. First getting popular with Robotron 2084 in the arcades. Through the years they’ve followed us, really coming into their own when games got dual analog sticks to work with. They’ve also found a natural home on the iPhone, and Gun Bros is one of the finest examples.

Gun Bros is part of Glu Mobile’s push for their new freemium model, and this one is a perfect example of how enticing that model can be when executed well. You end up with a decent amount of game to play free, and only really need to dig into your real world pockets when you don’t feel like grinding it out to earn money in-game. It’s the perfect mix for those of us that don’t mind the grind, and those that just want to get to the good stuff.

Gun Bros.

The danger in any freemium game is to make people feel like they NEED to pay money in order to get at the proper game, and in Gun Bros that is definitely not the case. The free download let’s you get down and dirty in some awesome twin-stick shooting action, without feeling like a glorified demo.

The game plays out very much the twin-stick shooters we’ve been playing for years, with the sticks obviously replaced with touch screen controls, one thumb for movement and one for shooting direction. Those spots are down on the screen and while there is action going on under your thumbs it’s kept to a minimum and never really gets in the way, which is a huge plus. You never really have to deal with anything negative in your quest to kill baddies. Overall, the game looks utterly fantastic and really shows off the power of the iPhone 4’s retina display. Lava flows, enemies take damage, and barrels explode. It all looks and plays great.

The controls are spot on and uber specific, letting you really aim your guns while weaving between enemies. Even your AI teammate does a good job of aiming and firing, though with any AI assisted game you’ll be doing most of the heavy lifting. It gives you that old school Smash TV vibe. As an added bonus, you can swap out the generic AI teammate for one of your friend’s characters. While they’ll still be computer controlled, this helps players earn all kinds of cool bonuses.

Gun Bros.

In between waves of enemies you can upgrade weapons and armor, with either money gained in-game or in real world dollars – your choice. So far I’ve enjoyed the grind for cash so I’m content to stick with that mode for a bit, but some items are priced high enough that you gotta assume they expect those to be acquired with real cash.

The entire game has this cool fun vibe that is really exemplified in the game’s plot line. Yor play as part of the Freakishly Rugged Advanced Genetics Galactic Enforcement Division (also known as F.R.A.G.G.E.D.) whose mission is to defend the universe from the Tyrannical Oppressors of Life (or T.O.O.L.). Silliness like this sums up the kind of game you’re getting here, which is cartoonishly exaggerated. The only place this felt a little inappropriate was in the menus, where the sometimes scantily clad cartoon women felt just a little too over the top.

Gun Bros is one of the best action games the iPhone has to offer. Spot on controls, tried and true gameplay, and a fun vibe all come together in a package that would easily be worth a purchase – and yet it’s free! This one is a no-brainer for action fans. Download and enjoy.


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Tour des Fleurs Contest

Tour des Fleurs Garden Contest 2017 Winner

2017 Garden Contest Winners Honored

The Beautification Committee's third annual Tour des Fleurs fundraiser was a resounding success! The public voted for their favorite gardens, and the winners were announced at the Festival of the Vine. Funds raised at the contest will allow the all-volunteer group to continue its mission of beautifying downtown Geneva.

First Place (pictured)

The first place winner was the "Lovin Geneva" garden located at the corner of State and Third streets. Pictured (from left) includes Tony Sisto of STC Capital Bank, Beautification Committee Co-Chair Sherri Weitl and Tour des Fleurs Coordinator Debbie Reitz. Sisto is holding the Fleur Cup, a traveling trophy that the winning garden can display throughout the year. All three top place finishers were awarded Geneva gift certificates.

Second Place

The second place winner was "Miss Ella" garden located at the corner of Third and James streets. Pictured (from left) includes Miscella Real Estate members Patti Rambo and Maureen Fisk along with Weitl and Reitz.

Third Place

The third place winner was "Eastside Beau Jardin." located at State Street and East Side Drive. Pictured (from left) includes Eastside Gardners member Maureen Dixon, Weitl and Reitz.

Thanks to everyone who participated in this year's Tour des Fleurs contest. You can view all the participating gardens on the City's photo gallery or in the contest video.


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Is your surname Lublin?

Research the Lublin family

Esther Lublin's Geni Profile

Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love

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Esther Lublin (Benas)

Also Known As: "Ester"
Birthplace: London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
Immediate Family:

Daughter of Louis Benas and Rosalie Benas
Ex-wife of Elkan Eduard (Ernest) Lublin
Mother of Isabel Levy; Josephine Lublin and Louise Saalfeld
Sister of Baron Louis Benas, J.P.; Alfred Louis Benas; Phineas Arthur Benas; Helena Benas and Rebecca Cohn

Managed by: Private User
Last Updated:

About Esther Lublin

Ester Benas

  • 1851 England & Wales Census
  • Birth: Circa 1846 - Aldgate Bs, Middlesex, England
  • Residence: 1851 - 13 Upper East Smith The Fd, Aldgate, Middlesex, England
  • Parents: Louis Benas, Rose Benas
  • Siblings: Baron Benas, Abraham Benas, Deborah Benas, Louisa Benas

Esther Lublin

  • 1871 England & Wales Census
  • Birth: Circa 1846 - Middlesex, England
  • Residence: 1871 - Parliament Street, Liverpool, Lancashire, England
  • Husband: Elkan E Lublin
  • Children: Isabella Lublin, Josephine H Lublin, Louise Leah Lublin

David Olusoga's BBC programme A House Through Time is is a 2018 four-part BBC documentary about the history of a house at 62 Falkner Street, Canning, Liverpool, England.

The programme is presented by David Olusoga who studied history at the University of Liverpool in the early 1990s. Series 1, episode 2 (Thursday 11 January 2018) featured the house as the 1840s home of the Lublins in Liverpool and the divorce of Esther and Ernest Lublin.

Ernest returned to Denmark (he was a Danish Jew).

Esther moved to London, and all three of her daughters went to university. Esther gets a glowing review as a strong woman of her time. Several Jewish people lived at the same address in the 19th century.

view all

Esther Lublin's Timeline

London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
Age 20
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom
Age 21
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom
Age 22
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, United Kingdom


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Enterprise Environmental Services Limited

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Paper Tiffany Lamp by PECAS

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Every art history student worth his projector slides can easily recall the revolution that Tiffany lamps brought to the Art Nouveau movement in 1895. Now in 2012, PECAS presents a counter-revolution by means of T1895, a paper Tiffany lamp. Bernadita Marambio Bello reinterprets the singular care that goes into each hand-crafted sliver of glass in the Tiffany lamp, such that the responsibility of design is projected onto the lamp’s owner. T1895 is an outline print of an unrolled lamp shade, with its design very much akin to the Tiffany “Venetian” lamp produced around 1910. The black-and-white print allows its owner to dye the lampshade with his colors and personality, all the while giving that artisanal and personal quality to the piece. The design firm’s namesake, “pecas,” means “freckles” and connotes just as much individuality and reductive style that is present in its works.

Kimberly is a graduate from MIT's Department of Architecture, and has recently joined the publication team at MIT OpenCourseWare. While architecture remains her first love, her interests encompass literature – epic poetry and Medieval romances are her favorite – and also fashion.

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Swat Army II
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Swat Army II

A group of terrorists have occupied the city and hijacked the citizens as hostage,you must take down those terrorists to save those citizens.As members of counter terrorist group, accurate pistol shooting is required! As members of SWAT elite forces, your mission is to kill the terrorists and free the hostages. Strike the enemies with your weapon with sharp shooting skills. Free game consisting of multiple levels of fun and addictive enjoyment. HOW TO PLAY TAP to shoot
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Manchester United plot shock Liverpool starlet raid

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Football News

Manchester United are being linked with a shock move for Liverpool winger Raheem Sterling.

The Sunday People claims Sir Alex Ferguson is monitoring the 17-year-old, who could be brought to Old Trafford as a long-term replacement for Portuguese international Luis Nani.

Sterling is yet to agree terms on a new contract at Anfield, and the paper claims that Arsenal, Chelsea and Manchester City have also been alerted to the player’s potential availability.

Direct transfer activity between Liverpool and Manchester United has been scarce in the past, with the two great rivals of English football sharing a frosty relationship.

However, Ferguson’s interest ‘could appeal’ to Sterling, with the Red Devils chief sensing an opportunity to add another quality English youngster to the ranks.

The Manchester United manager has helped nurture Tom Cleverley, Chris Smalling, Phil Jones and Danny Welbeck into regular first team activity, and Sterling would add another homegrown element in the chase for the Premier League title at Old Trafford.

Liverpool don’t want to sell the player, but are unlikely to be able to offer the teenager Champions League football in the coming seasons.

The paper claims Brendan Rodgers ‘will face a problem’ if Sterling decides he wants to leave the club, and goes on to report that the player’s advisers were ‘unimpressed’ by the latest offer made by managing director Ian Ayre.

A product of the QPR academy, Sterling arrived on Merseyside back in 2010, and only broke into the Liverpool first team on a regular basis at the start of the current campaign.

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Lava cap, earflaps, Icelandic wool

65.00 $

Base colour: black
Design: lava

Lava cap with earflaps. Inspired by Iceland’s volcanoes, the designer of Gjóska has hand decorated this stylish and warm cap. It will add an artistic touch to your outfit and as you wear it, draw the eye to the vivid lava stream running down from the top of your head. No two pieces are identical.

SKU: N/A Categories: , , , , , Tags: , , , , , ,

Really made in Iceland. This product is created by Icelandic material, labour and design. 100% Icelandic wool, machine spun and knitted. The fabric is hand decorated by needle felting using unspun merino and silk fibres for the bright and shiny colours representing the lava. The designer has put a lot of work into developing the right look of the lava and is always careful not to overdo the designs with decoration, because sometimes less is more.

The earflaps on this cap will cover your ears well and keep the wind away. The shiny elastic lining keeps it really steady on the head, even in strong wind. The cap can be used with a matching scarf or a neck-warmer, combined with a jacket, coat or a sweater.

The Icelandic wool

The Icelandic wool is naturally breathable and regulates body temperature. It is a resource which has kept the Icelandic people warm for centuries. It was in fact the only textile material available for common people until the 20th century. But it is a good one. The wool of the Icelandic sheep consists of two kinds of hair. The soft inner layer used for underwear and clothing. The water repellant and long fibered outer layer is used for outerwear and long lasting garments.

Taking care

If the cap gets stained we recommend hand-wash and flat dry. If no spots/dirt is seen on the garment, it should be enough to hang it outside and air it for a little while. It will be as good as new. If the wool gets out of shape, for example by hanging somewhere for a long time, it can be reshaped by ironing with a damp cloth, just make sure the decoration faces down from iron.

Additional information

men, women


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Triple Glazing – A Hot Debate – Exploring Effective U Values

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Friday 4 April 2014

GTS discusses the Triple Glazing Debate and confusion around the Window Energy Rating scheme, Image Credit - Franck Boston (shutterstock.com)Garry Smith, Principal Consultant, Glass Technology Services Ltd

A number of recent articles and debate around the “Triple Glazing Question” have highlighted the need for simple comparisons between the alternative glazing products and configurations possible for a site or location, which are clearly understandable to the, non-glass industry, public.

Confusion surrounding the Window Energy Rating (WER) scheme remains and we have discussed the need for important factors such as property location, aspect, heating and shading to be separately assessed in a number of articles and features in relevant trade press – this is not something a typical consumer can do, or would be aware of when looking at a WER Label.

There are usually great benefits in replacing old windows with new, air-tight, well-insulated, modern frames in any material.  These benefits can mask the performance change derived from improving the glass alone.

Two properties are key when considering the thermal performance of glazing, the thermal transmittance (U value) and the solar factor (g value), which define the amount of heat loss and the amount of energy gained by solar heating respectively.

Chart illustrating changes in typical U values over timeA little-used comparison tool is contained within the standard EN ISO 14438, ‘Glass in building - Determination of energy balance value - Calculation method’.  This method combines the effect of solar factor, g value and thermal transmittance (U value) and takes into account the installation region and orientation of the glazing.  The calculation allows any U and g values to be entered in order to calculate effective U values, or energy balance values, for Scotland, UK North and London, Thames Valley and the Midlands.  The orientation options are, unsurprisingly, north, south and east/west. The calculation applies to the period where heating is used in the home and for the UK this is based on the months September through to May.

As an example, we have taken north-facing glazing in Scotland and in the south of England.  If we compare a typical unit that might be used in an A rated DGU (U=1.2 , g =0.75 based on centre pane values) and a triple glazed unit (U=0.53 , g =0.47 ) we get:-

Worked Examples

Example 1 - Effective U Values calculated for a  North Orientation in Scotland

Product Example (Typical) Effective U Value (EN ISO 14438)
A Rated (DGU) 0.38
Triple Glazed Unit 0.01

Example 2 - Effective U Values calculated for a North Orientation in London, Thames Valley and the Midlands

Product Example (Typical) Effective U Value (EN ISO 14438)
A Rated (DGU) 0.09
Triple Glazed Unit -0.17

A negative value means that the glass is calculated to let in more heat than it loses.  In this example triple glazing is the best performer - providing that you can ventilate any excess heat out of the room.

These figures are only based upon specific products variants used in this calculation, of course and different products, coatings or pane configurations will result in different results.  The method enables producers to compare the performance of their glazing products.  The energy balance value should not be used for energy use or heating capacity calculations in buildings.

Where windows do not naturally get the sun, due to aspect or shading, then products with a low U value will provide the greatest benefit and in these locations this is typically a triple glazing configuration.

The values of the calculation vary with location and orientation and you may find that a mixture of glass types in one building gives the best overall performance – therefore correct assessment and configuration of each installation is essential to provide optimal benefit and return on investment for the customer.

GTS have made a free “Effective U Value” calculator available on their recently launched website, which can help specifiers determine the optimal glass depending on location and aspect of each insulating glass unit:

For more information about Glass Technology Services Ltd (GTS) please see www.glass-ts.com, telephone +44 (0) 114 290 1801 or email enquiries@glass-ts.com.

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Customer Service Representative Reviews in Omaha, NE | Glassdoor
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“Customer Service Associate” See all Reviews

We all worked as a team to better our customer base with the necessary knowledge so as to educate them as well. See all Reviews

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“Westathome may currently be Alorica” See all Reviews

Flexible schedule, if you like predictability this is for you. Sprint discount for employees. There is an optional health insurance I believe... See all Reviews

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“Customer Service Representative - Medicare Supplement” See all Reviews

Well known company with a ton of opportunity to move around, at least laterally, so long as you do well with your numbers. Mostly daytime hours... See all Reviews

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Great company with decent benefits and great stock purchase plan that was available at a 15% discount. Very flexible schedules. See all Reviews

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LG Stylo 2 plus Starts Getting Android 7.0 Nougat on T-Mobile Network

LG Stylo 2 plus starts getting Android 7.0 nougat update on T-mobile network. The update comes with software build number V55020a. LG Stylo 2 plus comes with Android 6.0 Marshmallow put of the box.

LG Stylo 2 PlusThe update is includes the include all the basic Android 7.0 Nougat features like New Multi-window allows the user to switch between apps with a double tap or run two apps side by side. More personalized settings and smarter notifications allow users to be more productive with less effort. It also includes the enhanced version of Doze.

The update weighs around 1.1 GB in size and rolling out over the air. So it might take some time to reach you. Meanwhile you can always check it by going into Settings > General > About phone > Update Center > System update > Check for update.


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The Golden Revolution, Revisited: Chapter 4

This Insight is the sixth in the serial publication of the new, Revisited edition of my book, The Golden Revolution (John Wiley and Sons, 2012). (The first instalment can be found here.) The book is being published by Goldmoney and will also appear as a special series of Goldmoney Insights over the coming months. This instalment comprises the fourth chapter of Section I.

View the Entire Research Piece as a PDF here.

The Non-Neutrality of Money and "Cantillion Effects"

“Every change in the money relation alters…the conditions of the individual members of society. Some become richer, some poorer. Each change in the money relation takes its own course and produces its own particular effects...”

While we have discussed how a capitalistic system, in of itself, certainly allows for a degree of “natural” economic inequality—that arising from voluntary exchange mixed with varying rates of productivity and the resulting evolution of the distribution of capital—we have also showed how even major technological innovations may temporarily but don’t necessarily exacerbate this natural inequality. They can in fact reduce it. There arises confusion, however, when an economic system is not purely capitalist but contains within it elements that artificially distort the otherwise voluntary exchange of labor and capital and thus the natural distribution of wealth and income. Depending on how it is conducted, one of these can be monetary policy. Nearly all contemporary Austrian economists, including those associated with the Mises Institute at the University of Auburn in Alabama, believe strongly that modern monetary policies, in particular those of the US Federal Reserve, are fueling economic inequality due to the associated “Cantillon effects.” Indeed, many Austrian economists specifically predicted that the bank bailouts and unconventional monetary policies initiated in 2008–09 and subsequently continued long thereafter would exacerbate inequality and, so far at least, they appear to have been precisely right. (This should give the mainstream critics of the Austrian Economic School some pause, especially those who have argued otherwise, including those who implemented the policies in the first place.)

Cantillon effects are the distortions created by artificial money injections into the economy. Unlike today’s economic mainstream, which generally dismisses that which it cannot purport to model precisely, Cantillon’s work on monetary economics focused on the highly complex “non-neutrality” of money, that is, that new money does not enter the economy simultaneously and proportionately in all sectors or at all stages of production, trade, and consumption. Rather, money tends to impact only one or several economic sectors at first, where it raises capital goods (i.e. asset) prices, and/ or the price level for closely associated goods and services. Only later, as that money circulates into the broader economy, does it begin to affect the price level in other areas, including consumption goods, eventually permeating the economy as a whole, thereby finally raising the general price level that is the primary—in some cases only—focus of today’s economic mainstream. By that time, however, the damage is done. Inequality has increased and economic calculation has been distorted, perhaps dangerously so. Malinvestments have been made. Indeed, trying to steer the economy while looking only at the one, very last aspect of what money creation does to the economy is akin to driving while looking through the rear-view mirror. It is reckless and yet it is precisely what modern, activist central banking is all about.

Now, it might be presumed that, once the permeation is complete, that all prices will have adjusted uniformly higher, as the Monetarists are wont to assume would occur with the mythological “helicopter drop” of money popularized by Milton Friedman. According to Austrian School economists, however, this is far from the case in actual practice. Ludwig von Mises describes the potential for Cantillon effects to affect the distribution of incomes and wealth thus:

Is it possible to think of a state of affairs in which changes in the purchasing power 3 of money occur at the same time and to the same extent regarding all commodities and services and in proportion to the changes effected in either the demand for or the supply of money? In other words, is it possible to think of neutral money within the frame of an economic system which does not correspond to the imaginary construction of an evenly rotating economy? Is it possible to answer [this question] categorically in the negative?

The answer…must obviously be in the negative. He who wants to answer it in the positive must assume that a deus ex machina approaches every individual at the same instant, increases or decreases his cash holding by multiplying it by n, and tells him henceforth he must multiply by n all price data which he employs in his appraisements and calculations. This cannot happen without a miracle.

Every change in the money relation alters…the conditions of the individual members of society. Some become richer, some poorer. Each change in the money relation takes its own course and produces its own particular effects…

With the real universe of action and unceasing change, with the economic system which cannot be rigid, neither neutrality of money nor stability of its purchasing power are compatible. A world of the kind which the necessary requirements of neutral and stable money presuppose would be a world without action.

All plans to render money neutral and stable are contradictory. Money is an element of action and consequently of change. Changes in the money relation, i.e. in the relation of the demand for and the supply of money, affect the exchange ratio between money on the one hand and [goods and services] on the other hand. These changes do not affect at the same time and to the same extent the prices of the various commodities and services. They consequently affect the wealth of the various members of society in a different way. [Emphasis added]1

Let’s now look in more detail at the compelling evidence that in the US, measures of inequality (e.g. the Gini coefficient) ceased their multidecade decline in the 1970s, following the depegging of the dollar to gold, and began a clear multidecade increase beginning in that decade.

A Gini coefficient is a ratio that measures the dispersion in income (i.e. inequality) relative to a perfectly equal distribution. It does so by calculating the incremental, cumulative share of income earned by the population as a whole, from the bottom on up. A perfectly equal distribution would result in a 45-degree line. In practice, due to inequality, the line is in fact curved and lies beneath the diagonal, as illustrated below:

Gini coefficient diagram

Specifically, the Gini coefficient measures the ratio of area B to areas B+A. As inequality declines, B rises toward “1”—the “line of equality.” As inequality increases, B falls towards zero. By implication, the more convex (curved) the line, the more unequal the distribution of income.

In the chart below, we plot the history of the Gini coefficient for the US and several other countries. Note the gentle decline in the US coefficient into the 1970s and subsequent reversal. Note also how most countries on this chart do not simply follow a similar pattern.

Historical Gini coefficients countries

Let’s now look specifically at the US, including the more recent history, as provided by US Census data:

US Gini coefficient

Note that while the trend reversal was not obvious at first, it subsequently accelerated in the early 1980s and, with the notable exception of a blip higher in the early 1990s, it has continued to rise at a relatively steady rate thereafter. The brief declines in the coefficient in 1973–4, 1995, and 2008 were due primarily to sharp declines in the stock markets, affecting primarily the top 5 percent of households.

The evidence presented above is circumstantial, to be sure. There is just no scientific way to isolate the monetary from the other variables in the complex system of a modern economy and determine with certainty whether and to what extent the rise of activist, inflationist monetary policies have contributed to growing economic inequality. But that there is a link has become increasingly evident post-2008 and is thus becoming rather difficult to ignore, even by those mainstream economists who, for the most part, have always denied the Cantillon–Austrian contention that money was not essentially neutral and thus that activist monetary policy would in practice favor the relatively wealthy holders of capital assets rather than the rank and file workers of a modern economy.

Although the possible role of Federal Reserve monetary policies in contributing to inequality remains a fringe topic within the economics profession to be sure, it has not gone entirely unnoticed by the mainstream. William Cohan, a former Wall Street executive who has written several books on investing, holds that the Fed’s quantitative easing:

[A]dds to the problem of income inequality by making the rich richer and the poor poorer. By intentionally driving down interest rates to low levels, it allows people who can get access to cheap money on a regular basis to benefit in extraordinary ways.2

Even a former Federal Reserve governor, Kevin Warsh, has expressed this opinion on multiple occasions, in one instance characterizing modern Federal Reserve policy as “reverse Robin Hood…making the well to do even more well to do.”3

Mr. Warsh also participated in a symposium hosted by the influential Washington, DC, think tank, the Brookings Institution, to debate “Did the Fed’s quantitative easing make inequality worse?” Papers presented included “Gauging the impact of the Fed on inequality during the Great Recession”; “Regional heterogeneity and monetary policy”; and “Distributional effects of monetary policy.”4

One of the co-authors of a paper above, Andreas Huster, is on the research staff of the New York Federal Reserve. In November 2015, the New York Fed published his paper exploring how the policy of quantitative easing affected regions within the United States. Among other things it observed that “recent unconventional monetary policy had less of a beneficial effect for the areas of the country that were doing relatively poorly at the time the policy was announced.”5 The paper stops short of concluding that this is necessarily a problem—regional wealth differences are entirely normal in a large country such as the United States—but the plain observation is nevertheless that Fed policies have exacerbated rather than mitigated these regional differences in recent years. (That the NY Fed would publish a paper on this rather controversial topic was noticed by the influential World Economic Forum (WEF), which holds an eponymous annual conference in Davos in Switzerland and is considered by many to be one of the most influential annual gatherings of the global economic policy elite.)6

Nor is the US the only country to present increasingly compelling evidence that money injections can exacerbate inequality. The Bank of Japan, for example, has observed that, following a prolonged period of a stable Gini coefficient for that country, there has been an increase during the past fifteen years or so during which monetary policy has been characterized by aggressive quantitative easing and other unconventional monetary policy measures.7

Most recently, in late 2016, even the prime minister of the UK, Theresa May, claimed that the Bank of England’s policy of quantitative easing was exacerbating inequality and that perhaps the Bank should no longer be fully independent of the government. Her chancellor, Phillip Hammond, subsequently made similar remarks. Prominent MP and member of the Treasury Select Committee, Steve Baker, has been banging the drum for monetary reform for some time and even co-sponsored a Commons debate on the topic earlier in 2016.

One doesn’t tend to find much evidence of anything, however compelling, if one is trained not to look. That the debate on whether monetary policies can have distributional effects is now entering the mainstream is highly significant. This strongly suggests that the evidence, previously overlooked, is increasingly widespread and thus difficult to ignore. For those mainstream economists who have been trained within a 8 paradigm that regards monetary effects on the economy to be essentially neutral, this is a loud wake-up call.

Under pressure from the shifting terms of debate above and now increasingly on the defensive, current and former central bankers are being forced to respond to the criticism. Among others, former Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke, now scholar-in-residence at the Brookings Institution, has weighed in on the topic. Recall that as discussed above the Brookings Institution recently hosted a forum on the possible monetary policy effects on inequality, although Mr. Bernanke was not in attendance. In his blog entry on the topic, Mr. Bernanke offers several reasons why we should not believe that monetary policy is a material source of inequality. The first reason is that:

[W]idening inequality is a very long-term trend, one that has been decades in the making. The degree of inequality we see today is primarily the result of deep structural changes in our economy that have taken place over many years, including globalization, technological progress, demographic trends, and institutional change in the labor market and elsewhere. By comparison to the influence of these long-term factors, the effects of monetary policy on inequality are almost certainly modest and transient.8

As we have observed above, widening inequality is indeed a “very long-term trend,” one that got going in the 1970s, once President Nixon untethered Federal Reserve monetary policy from the constraints of the gold-backed Bretton-Woods system. Mr. Bernanke chooses not to ignore completely this highly relevant historical coincidence rather than attempt to dismiss it. It could be he is not even aware of it, although I find that possibility unlikely. He does, however, cite a range of factors that he claims are primarily responsible, such as technological progress and globalization.

Of course, technological progress and globalization did not only begin even a few decades ago. They have been part and parcel of economic progress for many generations, including the astonishingly rapid progress of the Industrial Revolution and rise of the middle-class discussed earlier. How then does Mr. Bernanke explain that, as we also observed above, the Gini coefficients for many countries were stable or even falling during the decades leading up to the 1970s, when notable technologies such as telecommunications, chemicals, air transport, and huge advances in health care took place? When global trade expanded rapidly? How can he be so “certain” he is correct when the data do not, at first glance, support his “very long-term” claim but in fact contradict it?

Mr. Bernanke’s second major point in his blog post is that:

[M]onetary policy, if properly managed, promotes greater economic stability and prosperity for the economy as a whole, by mitigating the effects of recessions on the labor market and keeping inflation low and stable. Even if it were true that the aggregate economic gains from effective monetary policies are unequally distributed, that would not be a reason to forego such policies. Rather, the right response is to rely on other types of policies to address distributional concerns directly, such as fiscal policy (taxes and government spending programs) and policies aimed at improving workers’ skills. Policies designed to affect the distribution of wealth and income are, appropriately, the province of elected officials, not the Fed. Alternatively, if fiscal policymakers took more of the responsibility for promoting economic recovery and job creation, monetary policy could be less aggressive.9

Having first presented a historical argument without supporting and possibly outright contradictory evidence, Mr. Bernanke now makes an even bolder claim that monetary policy promotes economic stability. As we observed in previous chapters, with reference to the Great Depression and, more recently, 2008, the evidence suggests the opposite is true. The Federal Reserve has made major mistakes in the past and, having apparently not learned the correct lessons, might well be repeating these again while you read this book. Zero interest rates and quantitative easing have created huge asset bubbles and imbalances, which more and more observers are concerned threaten the financial system with yet another major crisis in the future.

Rather than consider for one moment that Federal Reserve policy might be complicit in these crises of the past and quite probably the future, Mr. Bernanke then proceeds to conveniently pass the buck to those directly responsible for fiscal policy, namely politicians. For example, he implies that redistributional (e.g. progressive) taxation might be able to address inequality.

Progressive taxation might indeed have an impact, but has Mr. Bernanke considered why that should even be necessary in the first place? If the rising asset prices associated with inflationary monetary policies weren’t exacerbating inequality in the first instance, why would fiscal policy need to be involved at all? Indeed, without inflationary monetary policies—a de facto form of regressive taxation falling primarily on the poor and working class via Cantillon effects—perhaps the overall tax burden on the economy could be lower, something that many economists would argue would support growth in general. And if growth in general were supported in this way, then there would be less of a case to make that monetary policy need be expansionary or activist at all.

Bernanke’s argument here thus reduces to something of a logical tautology that can be shown as such when viewed in reverse order. In any case, by offering it up in the way he does, he is engaging in a conveniently self-serving pass-the-buck exercise, that monetary policy is probably irrelevant to rising inequality and only fiscal policy can have any meaningful impact in addressing it.

Mr. Bernanke makes some additional, highly erroneous claims, for example that debtors in the economy tend to be poorer than creditors and so should benefit disproportionately more from low interest rates. But as we well know, the poor have only limited access to credit, frequently at punitive interest rates. The profits on such lending accrue to leveraged financial institutions, huge borrowers in their own right, yet ones that borrow at a fraction of the cost of their indebted customers. Rather than showing us a case for the relative neutrality of monetary policy, Bernanke has here inadvertently identified a precise mechanism whereby artificially low interest rates and quantitative easing indeed exacerbate inequality.

Mr. Bernanke has thus laid out a case for the relative irrelevance of monetary policy in the inequality debate. In doing so, he makes several bold, associated claims, but, for whatever reason, he chooses not to support them with appropriate, compelling evidence. Why not is left to the reader to ponder. On other points, he inadvertently undermines his own argument. One is left with the impression that his treatment of the issue is merely an impulsive, haphazard response to mounting criticism, not only from the fringes but increasingly from the economic policy mainstream, hence the reason why he felt it necessary to respond at all. His response, as it happened, generated some prominent responses of its own. For example, the prestigious free-market think tank the CATO Institute published a somewhat academic paper debunking Bernanke’s arguments, which included the following:

This view of QE rests on shaky theoretical foundations. It requires us to 11 accept an understanding of the term structure of interest rates that has been widely discredited in the economic literature and to make several implausible assumptions about the behavior of investors.

The theory underlying the program is also difficult to justify empirically; in fact, there is virtually no credible evidence that QE led to persistent reductions in long-term yields via the channels identified by the Fed. The fact that QE was not accompanied by any substantial increase in bank lending further undermines the possibility that it stimulated economic activity.

Quantitative easing did have unintended consequences, however. Income was redistributed away from people on fixed incomes and toward better-off investors, while pension funds were forced to hold securities with greater default risk. Other problems may yet materialize: the distorted markets and excessive risk-taking encouraged by QE could lead to renewed economic instability, and the huge increase in the monetary base that QE entailed could cause inflation if the Fed loses control of excess bank reserves.10

Bernanke’s article also illustrates that Marx was almost certainly right about certain things if wrong about the natural tendency of capitalism toward inequality. Marx was a pioneering sociologist, describing in great detail how the social “superstructure” of higher education and media would be used by the capitalists to mask or to justify rising inequality, thereby keeping the workers docile, not prone to rebel. He also introduced the concept of a “petty bourgeoisie”—the middle class, if you will—being carefully won over by the capitalists because the more capable and harder working of them would be able to enjoy in more prosaic form some elements of the capitalist lifestyle. But whereas for Marx the capitalist needn’t work at all to enjoy the high life—merely collect rent on capital goods and property—the middle class had to work hard all right and perhaps save for years before being able to enjoy some high living during weekends or while on vacation or in retirement. Nevertheless, according to Marx, this was enough to get the “petty bourgeoisie” to buy into a system that was fundamentally stacked against them and their higher socioeconomic aspirations. Bernanke’s selfserving defenses and justifications for helping to perpetuate the myth that monetary policy is neutral is a highly apposite example of a co-opted intelligentsia unwittingly reinforcing this nefarious social dynamic.

As a result of Bernanke’s and other central bankers’ rampant inflationism in monetary policy since the 1970s and especially post-2008, the “petty bourgeoisie” needs to borrow more and more to keep up with the elite, for example to purchase a home. The only way to maintain a middle-class lifestyle is to go into debt and hope that asset prices just keep on rising. But this is the basis for neither a stable economy nor society. Asset boom and bust isn’t just economically destructive. It is socially destructive too. When only the most reckless, lucky speculators able to time the boom and bust correctly can keep up with the economic elite, something is deeply wrong. Hard work, savings, and thrift make for a far more robust society, or anti-fragile one, as investor, academic, and author Nassim Nicholas Taleb argues in his book of that name. Instead, we now observe arguably the most fragile social and political fabric since the mid-nineteenth century, when empires began to crumble in Europe and the Civil War erupted in the US. While hardly a prediction, sadly I would not be at all surprised if the inflationismfueled trend toward rising inequality led to rising social disorder over the coming years. This represents the darkest phase of the monetary cycle of history but, as with all such cycles, the restoration of sound money provides the basis for a restoration of social order generally and, eventually, renewed economic and social advancement.

1 Ludwig von Mises, Human Action (Indianapolis: The Liberty Fund) 2007, p. 416–7.

2 “How Quantitative Easing Added to the Nation’s Inequality Problem,” New York Times, 22 October 2014. Link here:

3 This statement was made in an interview on CNBC television, linked here: video=3000287822

4 A link to this event is here:

5 November 2015. Link here:

6 “Are Central Banks Making Inequality Worse?” World Economic Forum Agenda, 9 November 2015.

7 “Bank of Japan Survey Data Reveals Signs of Growing Inequality in Japan,” Bloomberg News,

8 “Monetary policy and inequality,” Brookings Institution blog, 1 June 2015.

10 CATO Institute, Policy Analysis, no. 783 by David Thornton, pa783.pdf

The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect those of Goldmoney, unless expressly stated. The article is for general information purposes only and does not constitute either Goldmoney or the author(s) providing you with legal, financial, tax, investment, or accounting advice. You should not act or rely on any information contained in the article without first seeking independent professional advice. Care has been taken to ensure that the information in the article is reliable; however, Goldmoney does not represent that it is accurate, complete, up-to-date and/or to be taken as an indication of future results and it should not be relied upon as such. Goldmoney will not be held responsible for any claim, loss, damage, or inconvenience caused as a result of any information or opinion contained in this article and any action taken as a result of the opinions and information contained in this article is at your own risk.

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VideoApril 16, 2015

Bubba Watson looks like he's really enjoying playing night golf in China

Following a disappointing Masters defense in which he finished T-38, Bubba Watson flew to China to compete in the Shenzhen International. We're guessing Watson is being compensated well for his troubles, but he's also taking the time abroad to mix pleasure with business.

On Thursday, Watson posted two videos of him playing night golf at Genzon Golf Club's other course. "The one with the lights," as Watson describes it.

Related: The top 25 viral golf videos of 2014

Watson looked pretty comfortable talking while playing two long par 3s and hitting good shots. "If that doesn't go in..." he says before being cut off in the second video and he gives a little dance and his patented "You're welcome" in the first one.

There's also a video of Watson's caddie, Ted Scott, hitting a shot that's preceded by Bubba scratching his butt and then running behind him. Again, this is the guy who was too serious to participate in the long-drive contest at the PGA Championship.

Mr.> @jtedscott's turn to show us what he's got! > #Genzon >— bubba watson (@bubbawatson) > April 16, 2015

Watson didn't make it look quite as easy on Genzon Golf Club's tournament course on Day 1 of the tournament. He shot an opening 70 and is four shots off the pace set by Huang Wenyi.

Follow @AlexMyers3

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What’s the Best Beta Blocker for Heart Failure?

Dr. Sharon Orrange
Dr. Orrange is an Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Division of Geriatric, Hospitalist and General Internal Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC.
Posted on

Beta blockers save lives after heart attack and improve mortality for heart failure patients. They also work well to control blood pressure. Carvedilol (Coreg was the brand name) has been known as the “heart failure beta blocker”—but now it appears that metoprolol (Lopressor) may share that title.

Many of my patients are asking: which is better? Let’s look at the recent evidence.

What’s the difference between carvedilol and metoprolol?
Carvedilol is known as a “non-selective beta blocker” meaning it blocks all beta receptors throughout the body. Metoprolol is known as a “selective beta blocker” and blocks primarily specific (β1) receptors which affect the heart, and heart rate. Why does this matter? Well you’d think you only want a medication that affects the heart, but carvedilol also inhibits β2 receptors and the effects of norepinephrine (similar to adrenaline) throughout the body. Turns out that’s important for heart failure.

Is carvedilol or metoprolol better for saving lives from heart failure?

Well, a JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) 2014 article looked at mortality rates in heart failure patients and found the effectiveness for prevention of death was similar for carvedilol and metoprolol. However, a very recent VA study found that metoprolol resulted in less frequent hospital admissions for heart failure, and that metoprolol had a slightly lower risk of death than carvedilol. I’d say they are about the same, or evidence tips in favor of metoprolol.

Which is better for survival after a heart attack?

They’re kind of the same. A recent 2015 study found that the risk of death or another heart attack was the same whether you were taking carvedilol or metoprolol.

What if I have diabetes?

The diabetes-friendly beta blockers are carvedilol and labetalol (Trandate). “Non-diabetes-friendly” beta blockers are metoprolol and atenolol (Tenormin).

The evidence is a little gray here. New diabetes diagnoses were more common in heart failure patients taking metoprolol than carvedilol. However, in a more recent study, the risk of diabetes for patients with high blood pressue was similar for carvedilol and other beta blockers like metoprolol. So, try to stick with carvedilol if you have diabetes but it’s not a must.

What about if I have COPD and heart failure?

You can take beta blockers if you have COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and heart failure—although a recent study on patients with both found there was no survival benefit in folks taking carvedilol or metoprolol compared to non users. Hmmm.

Can either hurt my kidneys?

If you undergo a coronary angiogram, a contrast dye is used that may lead to kidney damage. One recent study found that carvedilol was better for kidney injury or “contrast induced nephropathy” after an angiogram than metoprolol.

These are both cheap, excellent generic medications with some subtle upsides for each. It’s a win win situation.

Dr O.

Drugs featured in this story

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Kensington NanoSaver Keyed Laptop Lock

  • Kensington
  • 34086893
  • K64445
  • Temporarily Out-of-Stock
  • Call for next available delivery
Ordering Information
Designed to fit the Kensington Nano Security Slot, the NanoSaver Keyed Laptop Lock secures ultra-thin laptops, tablets, and 2-in-1s with the same quality and strength that has made Kensington The Professionals' Choice for more than 25 years. Developed using strict specifications, patented technologies, and rigorous testing against tough environmental conditions, the NanoSaver Keyed Laptop Lock provides next generation security for ultra-thin devices.


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Panduit .75" x .44" TT Heat Shrink Tubing - White (5000 Labels)

  • Panduit
  • 35137824
  • H075X044H1T-B
  • Temporarily Out-of-Stock
  • Call for next available delivery
Ordering Information
The heat-shrink sleeve is designed to provide a clear, reliable, and durable way to identify wires and cables.

Heat-shrink labels are mounted on a plastic carrier and offer crisp, clear legends with superior readability for quick and easy label production in all label formats, including thermal transfer and dot matrix printable.


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St Francis Nomination Signature Gathering on 5-6

Mike McCabe is longtime government watchdog, grassroots activist and author who is running for Governor of Wisconsin.

Official Event

Wanna go walking with some fellow McCabe supporters? Come join us as we go door to door and gather nomination signatures to get Mike on the ballot.

Our goal is to collect 22 signatures in St. Francis!

It's a great way to introduce Mike and get people involved in the democratic processes. Whether they have heard of McCabe or not, many people will be happy to help you get your favorite candidates on the ballot.

Mike McCabe is the People's Candidate for Governor of Wisconsin


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Are Governments Still Using Dial Up…Really?

How many times in the last month have you had the opportunity to sit back and say, “yeah, I remember when this was like this or that was like that”?

I had one of those moments the other day while talking with a friend at CenturyLink and it made me think…Are people still using a dial up connection? Those poor souls. Though, I do remember the dial up connection…I sure don’t miss it, with the connectivity we have available to us today not many would.

The instance it all hit me, and made me understand a little bit more about the operations of some local governments, was when I heard about the City of Los Angeles’ major need to switch from dial up (56K connection) to the big boys club (T1-level service). After taking in the realization of a slow connection, low productivity levels and overall frustration by the users I was stunned to hear that a dial-up connection was also expensive — so why wouldn’t you switch to something faster?

If you know, what type of connection are you working (or dealing) with in your organization?

To hear more about the City of Los Angeles’ upgrade check out this interview with their Senior Communications Engineer, Greg Wnuck.

CenturyLink (formerly Qwest Communications) is a proud partner of GovLoop and is committed to the communication missions of state, local and federal governments. Its concept of operations is driven by an unwavering commitment to provide best-in-class customer service. CenturyLink is positioned to support your mission objectives with global reach, expanded network and financial strength.

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Profile Photo Robert Powell

Hello Megan. Nice meeting you in Sacramento the other night.

My office is on a very basic DSL connection – 1.28 MBPS download and .32 MBPS upload. It’s been the same speed since we first signed up for it years ago. We recently learned that we’ll be doing file sharing between offices via SharePoint, so we have a request in for a higher speed connection.


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Help Government, Help IoT

Yesterday, my colleague Emily and I took a field trip to Gaithersburg, MD to visit the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The agency, along with US Ignite, hosted the Global City Team Challenge Tech Jam which partners government leaders with innovators tackling civic problems with cyber-physical systems (CPS).

CPS are physical objects–anything from parking meters to telephone booths to drones–that are linked to the internet. That’s why many people, including us here at GovLoop, call it the Internet of Things (IoT).

Dan Correa, Senior Advisor for Innovation Policy at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), spoke at the event about how IoT has the potential to transform the way government serves communities. He pointed out four opportunities that IoT can provide:

  • Rapidly improving technological capability at lower cost
  • New sensor-enabled data sources
  • Integration, storage and processing of large datasets
  • New technologies in new areas

Correa also said that government can play two key roles in pushing the IoT movement forward. First, federal grants support the deployment of smart infrastructure, from disaster preparedness to water and transportation. Nearly $140 billion in annual federal research and development spending includes appropriations for big data, cyber physical systems, smart grid projects, and more. Second, government can provide capacity building support by helping cities coordinate to develop and scale smart applications.

However, for government to maximize its role as innovation partner, Correa said feds should take a “help me, help you” approach. In other words, the public sector must solicit feedback from individuals with real IoT experience, if it is truly going to provide informed assistance. He highlighted four questions that agencies should ask the IoT developer community, in order to better understand how it can help:

1. What are some realistic, self-evidently important goals for this effort?
Government needs to set goals that are ambitious enough to inspire innovation. At the same time, objectives must be achievable to ensure an insurmountable challenge doesn’t deter developers. To strike that balance, government needs input from those closest to IoT projects, to understand what realistically can and should be pursued.

 2. What are sustainable models that can readily be replicated as important early wins?
The ability to easily replicate the success of a pilot is the surest way to ensure buy-in for future IoT projects. However, these initial projects will be costly. Government requires input from developers regarding which projects merit that upfront investment. “I want to know what every mayor should have in their strategic plan in the next five years,” said Correa.

 3. What models of industry, university, and philanthropic engagement are most promising for cities?
Government can play a key role in connecting IoT projects to necessary thought partners, financial support, and even technologies. However, feedback from developers is crucial to understanding which methods and medium will be most effective and resonant in the IoT field.

 4. How do we move to a world of integrated approaches across domain areas?
The segmented, department-laden structure of government often prevents innovation from integrating more than one need or service area. On the other hand, IoT thrives on combining different sectors (i.e. technology and government). Correa hopes the public sector can learn to take an integrative approach to service by working with the IoT community.

As shown in their support of the City Challenge Tech Jam, NIST and US Ignite understand the role government can play in advancing IoT innovation. However, to provide assistance that is knowledgeable and appropriate, government agencies must solicit input from those innovators on the ground.

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OPM Says Agencies Have yet to Request Voluntary Separation, Retirement

To expedite workforce reductions called for by the Trump administration, the Office of Personnel Management will soon release streamlined templates for agencies to request approval for offering Voluntary Early Retirement Authority and Voluntary Separation Incentive Payments (VERA/VSIP).

But OPM has yet to receive any agency requests since the Office of Management and Budget issued its April 12 memo detailing the administration’s plan for reforming the federal government and reducing the civilian workforce.

“OPM has not approved any requests for VERA/VSIP since the issuance of the final detailed OMB guidance provided to agencies via memorandum M-17-22,” according to an OPM spokesperson. “The memorandum directs agencies to take a number of actions to create a leaner, more accountable, and more efficient government. As agencies develop their workforce strategies to support these objectives, they may decide to request VERA/VSIP as a tool that can help reshape their workforces from a current state to a future desired state.”

OPM set up a dedicated mailbox to handle agencies’ VERA/VSIP inquiries. The agency also consolidated its workforce restructuring information into a one-stop webpage. The online resource contains information on how to select and use “workforce reshaping” options, such as reassignments, phase retirement and Reductions in Force (RIF).

According to the memo, OPM will also provide expedited reviews for most requests within 30 days. But agencies are encouraged to begin eliminating “unnecessary vacant positions” immediately.

The OMB memo instructs agencies to review all of their employees who are on administrative leave because of performance deficiencies or misconduct. Agencies are instructed to determine whether those individuals should return to work, be assigned alternative duties, or be subjected to other appropriate action, up to and including removal.

“We have already conducted various agency briefings and webinars on VERA/VSIP, Reduction in Force (RIF), transfer of function, effective workforce planning strategies, and ways to motivate and maximize the efficiency of the workforce which will continue after the reshaping is complete,” according to the OPM spokesperson.

Got VSIP questions? Check out this GovLoop blog post: Is a VSIP Right for You?

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H.R. 3182 (107th): Trooper Timothy Mossbruker Memorial Act

To regulate certain 50 caliber sniper weapons in the same manner as machine guns and other firearms.

The bill’s titles are written by its sponsor.

Sponsor and status

Rod Blagojevich

Sponsor. Representative for Illinois's 5th congressional district. Democrat.

Read Text »
Last Updated: Oct 30, 2001
Length: 5 pages

Oct 30, 2001
107th Congress, 2001–2002

Died in a previous Congress

This bill was introduced on October 30, 2001, in a previous session of Congress, but was not enacted.

Oct 30, 2001

Bills and resolutions are referred to committees which debate the bill before possibly sending it on to the whole chamber.

H.R. 3182 (107th) was a bill in the United States Congress.

A bill must be passed by both the House and Senate in identical form and then be signed by the President to become law.

This bill was introduced in the 107th Congress, which met from Jan 3, 2001 to Nov 22, 2002. Legislation not enacted by the end of a Congress is cleared from the books.

How to cite this information.

We recommend the following MLA-formatted citation when using the information you see here in academic work:

“H.R. 3182 — 107th Congress: Trooper Timothy Mossbruker Memorial Act.” 2001. May 25, 2018 <>

Where is this information from?

GovTrack automatically collects legislative information from a variety of governmental and non-governmental sources. This page is sourced primarily from, the official portal of the United States Congress. is generally updated one day after events occur, and so legislative activity shown here may be one day behind. Data via the congress project.


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bravo 235

Victoria’s Secret fashion show 2013

The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain. Actually, she sells sea shells on the sea shore. Heck, never mind what’s written here: you should be diving right into the gallery. Go! Drool!

Image: Getty Images

Izabel Goulart

Along with looking like THAT, Goulart, helps hospitals in Brazil to raise money to provide free insulin for diabetic children.

Image: Getty Images

Constance Jablonski

Prior to becoming a model, Jablonski wanted to be a tennis player who played for nine years.

Image: Getty Images

Barbara Fialho

The model has lived in Paris for 4 years, which is why she is so obsessed with pastries. croissants, pain au chocolat, cakes, and macaroons.

Caroline Brasch Nielsen

Who would have guessed that the supermodel was scouted in a pizza bar in Copenhagen, while she was eating with her friends!

Candice Swanepoel

This beauty was spotted at age 15, by a model scout in a Durbanflea market.


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Common Application: Topic of your choice.

"Pressure is the amount of force exerted on an object by the air above it," my physics teacher explained. I jotted down the definition but then began to think...if only it were that simple.

So what is pressure really? Pressure is juggling three AP classes with three varsity sports. It is practicing five nights a week with one of the best youth soccer teams in the country and then studying during the car ride home. It is missing weeks of school while traveling around the world to play the sport I love while not missing a single assignment in class, but most of all, pressure is what you make of it. I have thrived in the classroom and on the soccer field because, when handled correctly, anxiety-filled situations can bring out the best in a person. In the words of George S. Patton, "Pressure makes diamonds."

Academic excellence is most often achieved in pressure-filled conditions. The more ambitious students in school naturally feel some pressure to excel. When this pressure is coupled with the demanding work of advanced placement classes, students have two choices: they can meet the challenge, or they can crash. Fortunately, I have been able to master academic pressure and use it to my advantage. By...

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» » » Cash Drawer Not Opening #8 SourceForge

Cash Drawer Not Opening #8 SourceForge

Wednesday, September 27th, 2017 - Drawer
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cash1  (kash),USA pronunciation  n.
  1. money in the form of coins or banknotes, esp. that issued by a government.
  2. money or an equivalent, as a check, paid at the time of making a purchase.

  1. to give or obtain cash for (a check, money order, etc.).
  2. [Cards.]
    • to win (a trick) by leading an assured winner.
    • to lead (an assured winner) in order to win a trick: He cashed his ace and led the queen.
  3. cash in:
    • to turn in and get cash for (one's chips), as in a gambling casino.
    • to end or withdraw from a business agreement;
      convert one's assets into cash.
    • [Slang.]to die: After her parents cashed in, she lived with her grandmother.
  4. cash in on, to profit from;
    use to one's advantage: swindlers who cash in on the credulity of the public.
  5. cash in one's chips, [Slang.]to die.
casha•ble, adj.
cash′a•bili•ty, n.
casha•ble•ness, n.

draw•er (drôr for 1, 2; drôər for 3–6),USA pronunciation n.
  1. a sliding, lidless, horizontal compartment, as in a piece of furniture, that may be drawn out in order to gain access to it.
  2. drawers, (used with a pl. v.) an undergarment, with legs, that covers the lower part of the body.
  3. a person or thing that draws.
  4. [Finance.]a person who draws an order, draft, or bill of exchange.
  5. a person who operates a drawbench.
  6. a tapster.

not (not),USA pronunciation adv.
  1. (used to express negation, denial, refusal, or prohibition): You must not do that. It's not far from here.
  2. U.S. Slang. (used jocularly as a postpositive interjection to indicate that a previous statement is untrue): That's a lovely dress. Not!

o•pen•ing pə ning),USA pronunciation n.
  1. an act or instance of making or becoming open.
  2. the act of a person or thing that opens.
  3. an unobstructed or unoccupied space or place.
  4. a void in solid matter;
    a gap, hole, or aperture.
  5. a tract of land thinly wooded as compared with adjoining forest tracts.
  6. the act of beginning;
    commencement: the opening of a new session of Congress.
  7. the first part or initial stage of anything.
  8. an employment vacancy;
    an unfilled position or job: There are no openings for clerks today.
  9. an opportunity;
  10. a formal or official beginning, as of a sport season or a season's sale of goods: the opening of the deer-hunting season; Swimsuits sold well at the summer opening.
  11. the first performance of a theatrical production.
  12. the first public showing or use of something: the opening of an art exhibition.
  13. a celebration of the first public showing or performance or of the first use or start of something: The new supermarket is going to give away prizes at its opening.
  14. the statement of the case made by counsel to the court or jury preliminary to adducing evidence.
  15. a mode of beginning a game: a manual of chess openings.

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