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Seward Peninsula

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Not to be confused with Seward, Alaska.
Seward peninsula.png

The Seward Peninsula is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It projects about 320 kilometers (200 mi) into the Bering Sea between Norton Sound, the Bering Strait, the Chukchi Sea, and Kotzebue Sound, just below the Arctic Circle. The entire peninsula is about 330 kilometers (210 mi) long and 145 km (90 mi)-225 km (140 mi) wide.

The Seward Peninsula is a remnant of the Bering land bridge, a roughly thousand mile wide swath of land connecting Siberia with mainland Alaska during the Pleistocene Ice Age. This land bridge aided in the migration of humans, as well as plant and animal species from Asia to North America. Archeological discoveries throughout the Seward Peninsula show proof that Inupiat Eskimos have been living in the region for thousands of years.[dubious ] Excavations at sites such as the Trail Creek Caves and Cape Espenberg in the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve as well as Cape Denbigh to the south have provided insight into the timeline of prehistorical migrations from Asia to the Seward Peninsula.[1]

Tarns in Kigluaik Mts., Seward Peninsula

Most of the peninsula is in the Nome Census Area, but part is in the Northwest Arctic Borough. These are the communities on the Seward Peninsula, with 2005 state population estimates:[2]

City Population
Nome 3,508
Shishmaref 581
Buckland 434
Koyuk 350
Brevig Mission 327
Elim 302
Teller 263
White Mountain 224
Wales 151
Golovin 150
Deering 139

Other locations on the Seward Peninsula include the mining towns of Council, Solomon, Candle, Haycock and Taylor. While still frequented by locals of neighboring communities, there are no longer year round residents in these locations. There is a United States Coast Guard LORAN station at Port Clarence. The U.S. Air Force operates a radar station at the "Tin City" site, 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Wales.

Geography and ecology[edit]

The Seward Peninsula has several distinct geologic features. The Devil Mountain Lakes on the northern portion of the peninsula are the largest maar lakes in the world. They were formed over 21,000 years ago as the result of an underground steam explosion.[3] The Killeak Lakes and White Fish Lake are also volcanic maar lakes of notable size on the northern Seward Peninsula. Four mountain ranges line the southern side of the peninsula, the most prominent being the Kigluaik (or Sawtooth) Mountains. The highest point in the range and the peninsula is the peak of 4,714-foot (1,437 m) Mount Osborn. Other mountain ranges on the Seward Peninsula include the Bendeleben Mountains, Darby Mountains, and York Mountains. The Lost Jim Lava Flow north of Kuzitrin Lake is a lava field formed roughly 1,000 to 2,000 years ago, which covers roughly 88 square miles (228 km2). Several geothermal hot springs are located throughout the peninsula, including Serpentine Hot Springs, Pilgrim Hot Springs, Granite Mountain, Elim, Clear Creek and Lava Creek.

The Seward Peninsula has several rivers. The largest include the Koyuk, Kuzitrin, Niukluk, Fish, Tubuktilik, Kiwalik, Buckland and Agiupuk Rivers. These play a vital role in the subsistence lifestyles of many peninsula residents and ease travel, hunting, and fishing. Most peninsula rivers have at least a small yearly run of several varieties of salmon, as well as Dolly Varden, Arctic Grayling, whitefish of various species, Northern Pike, and Burbot. Most rivers on the Seward Peninsula freeze in mid-October; spring break-up usually occurs in mid- to late May.

The Seward Peninsula is the western-most limit of distribution for the Black spruce, Picea mariana, a dominant overstory species of the region.

Alaska's reindeer herding was concentrated on Seward Peninsula ever since the first shipment of reindeer were imported there from eastern Siberia in 1892.[4] It was believed that migrating caribou, could be prevented from mingling with the domesticated reindeer on the Peninsula because of the geography of the peninsula, thereby avoiding loss of reindeer that might wander off with caribou.[4][5] However, in 1997 the domesticated reindeer joined the Western Arctic Caribou Herd on their summer migration and disappeared.[6]

Cape Prince of Wales, the westernmost point on the mainland of the Americas, is on the western tip. The cape is only 51 miles (82 km) from Cape Dezhnev, the closest point on the Russian mainland. In August 2011 Russia announced an ambitious project to construct a rail tunnel under the Bering Strait, linking the Seward Peninsula in Alaska with the Chukchi Peninsula in Russia. If completed, the project would cost an estimated US $65 billion and would be the world's longest tunnel at 103 km (64 mi) long.[7]

The peninsula was named after William H. Seward, the United States Secretary of State who negotiated the Purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867.

  1. ^ Cultural Resources in the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
  2. ^ Alaska Community Database Community Information Summary
  3. ^ Rozell, Ned. Volcanoes, permafrost, earthquakes shape Alaska Alaska Science Forum.
  4. ^ a b Bucki, Carrie (2004), "Reindeer History in Alaska", Reindeer Roundup, Fairbanks, Alaska: Reindeer Research Program, retrieved 5 September 2014
  5. ^ "The Seward Peninsula". Fairbanks, Alaska: Natural Resources and Extension Program, University of Alaska. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
  6. ^ Querengesser, Tim (26 October 2009), "The Curse of the Deer",, retrieved 19 April 2014
  7. ^ Halpin, Tony (2011-08-20). "Russia plans $65bn tunnel to America". The Sunday Times.

Coordinates: 65°20′N 164°15′W / 65.333°N 164.250°W / 65.333; -164.250


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Taste (band)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Origin Cork, Ireland
Genres Blues rock[1]
Years active 1966–1970
Labels Verve, Polydor, Major Minor
Associated acts Rory Gallagher
Members John Wilson
Sam Davidson
Albert Mills
Past members Rory Gallagher
Eric Kitteringham
Norman Damery
Richard McCracken

Taste is an Irish rock and blues band formed in 1966. Its founder was songwriter and musician Rory Gallagher.

Taste (originally "The Taste") was formed in Cork, Ireland, in August 1966 as a trio consisting of Rory Gallagher on guitars and vocals, Eric Kitteringham on bass, and Norman Damery on drums.[2] In their early years Taste toured in Hamburg and Ireland before becoming regulars at Maritime Hotel, an R&B club in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

In 1968 Taste began performing in the UK where the original lineup split up. The new lineup formed with Richard McCracken on bass and John Wilson on drums.[2] The new Taste moved permanently to London where they signed with the record label Polydor. In November 1968, the band, along with Yes, opened for Cream at Cream's farewell concerts. While with Polydor, Taste began touring the United States and Canada with the British supergroup Blind Faith. In April 1969, Taste released the first of their two studio albums, the self-titled Taste, with On the Boards following in early 1970,[2] the latter showing the band's jazz influences with Gallagher playing saxophone on numerous tracks.

One performance came in 1970 as part of the Isle of Wight Festival, alongside Jimi Hendrix and The Who. Later the same year Taste toured Europe but were disbanded by Gallagher, who decided to pursue a solo career, performing their last show on New Year's Eve in Belfast.[3] Wilson and McCracken immediately formed 'Stud' in early 1971, with Jim Cregan and John Weider.

Some years after the band's break up, earlier recordings featuring the original line-up emerged.

A musical homage to Taste and Gallagher was by Black 47 in their song "Rory", released on 1998's Green Suede Shoes album.

Years Lineup
August 1966–August 1968
  • Rory Gallagher – guitars, vocals, saxophone, harmonica
  • Eric Kitteringham – bass
  • Norman Damery – drums
August 1968–December 1970
  • Rory Gallagher – guitars, vocals, saxophone, harmonica
  • Richard McCracken – bass
  • John Wilson – drums
December 1970–February 2000

February 2000–present
  • John Wilson – drums
  • Sam Davidson – guitars, vocals
  • Albert Mills – bass

Studio albums[edit]

Year Album UK Label
1969 Taste Polydor
1970 On the Boards 18
1972 Taste First BASF

Live albums[edit]

Year Album UK Label
1971 Live Taste 14 Polydor
Live at the Isle of Wight 41
1978 In Concert Ariola
2010 Live in San Francisco M Bop / Disonic

  • "Blister on the Moon" / "Born on the Wrong Side of Time" – Major Minor, 1968 (Edited for Polydor Records in 1969)
  • "Born on the Wrong Side of Time" / "Same Old Story" – Polydor, 1969
  • "What's Going On" / "Born on the Wrong Side of Time" + "Blister on the Moon" – Polydor, 1969
  • "Wee Wee Baby" / "You've Got to Play" – BASF, 1972 (Exclusive to Germany)
  • "What's Going On" / "Railway and Gun" – Polydor
  • "Blister on the Moon" + "Sugar Mama" / "Catfish" + "On the Boards" – Polydor, 1982
  • "Born on the Wrong Side of Time" / "Same Old Story" – Polydor (Exclusive to Italy)
  • "Born on the Wrong Side of Time" / "Same Old Story" – Polydor (Exclusive to Japan)
  • "If I Don't Sing I'll Cry" / "I'll Remember" – Polydor (Exclusive to Spain)[3]

  • "Pop History, Vol. IX – Taste" – Polydor, 1971[3]
  • The Best of Taste – Polydor, 1994[3]

  • The New Musical Express Book of Rock, 1975, Star Books, ISBN 0-352-30074-4
  • Cork Rock: From Rory Gallagher To The Sultans Of Ping by Mark McAvoy. Published by Mercier Press (2009) ISBN 9781856356558

  1. ^ Taste. AllMusic
  2. ^ a b c Roberts, David (1998). Guinness Rockopedia (1st ed.). London: Guinness Publishing Ltd. pp. 168–169. ISBN 0-85112-072-5.
  3. ^ a b c d In 2000 the band was revived by drummer John Wilson. Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. pp. 369–370. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.

External links[edit]

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The Transfer Agreement

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Transfer Agreement
Author Edwin Black
Country United States
Language English
Subject History, Politics
Publisher Dialog Press
Publication date
Pages 194
ISBN 0-914153-13-7

The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine is a historic book written by author Edwin Black, documenting the transfer agreement ("Haavara Agreement" in Hebrew) between Zionist organizations and Nazi Germany to transfer a number of Jews and their assets to Palestine. This agreement was partly inspired by a global boycott of Germany that had appeared to threaten the Reich.[1] Controversial as it may be seen in hindsight, it marked one of the few rescue of Jews and their assets during the Holocaust.[2]

Main Thesis[edit]

This book documents the agreement between Nazi Germany and an organization of German Zionists in 1933 to salvage the smallest amounts of German Jewish assets and the voluntary emigration of German Jews to Palestine before the Third Reich implemented confiscation, expulsion and then extermination. The Transfer Agreement rescued some 60,000 German Jews. A sweeping, worldwide economic boycott of Germany by Jews helped spur a deal between the Nazis and Zionists.[3] At that time, there were few Jews in Palestine, but from 1933 through 1936, 60,000 German Jews immigrated into the region,[4] bringing with them a portion of the assets they once held in Germany.[5]

There was no effort to deny the history documented in this book,[6] but critics from Commentary claimed it to be "conspiracy-mongering, innuendo, and sensationalism".[6]

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

"Could We Have Stopped Hitler?" - Article by Edwin Black at the Jewish Virtual Library that touches upon related themes and is based on the book.

  1. ^ Weiss, Yf’aat; The International School for Holocaust Studies. "The Transfer Agreement and the Boycott Movement: A Jewish Dilemma on the Eve of the Holocaust" (PDF). Yad Va'shem Shoa Journal. Shoah Resource Center: 33. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  2. ^ Nicosia, Francis R. (2010). Zionism and anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany (1 ed.). Cambridge: New York. p. 109. ISBN 978-0521172981.
  3. ^ Edwin Black discusses The Transfer Agreement Book TV on C-SPAN George Mason University, History News Network
  4. ^ "U.S. Holocaust Museum Article on Refugees". Holocaust Encyclopedia: Refugees. USHMM.
  5. ^ Edelheit, Abraham J.; Edelheit, Hershel (1994). History of the Holocaust : a handbook and dictionary. (New ed. ed.). Boulder: Westview. p. 44. ISBN 978-0813322407.
  6. ^ a b Levy, Richard (September 1984). "Dealing with the Devil". Commentary Magazine. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  7. ^ "Chicago Public Library Foundation". Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  8. ^ Martin Barillas, "Author Holds Historic Event on The Transfer Agreement," The Cutting, October 12, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2010.


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Ziliujing District

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Ziliujing District
Skyline of Ziliujing District
Country China
Province Sichuan
Prefecture Zigong
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Chinese 自流井
Postal Map Tzuliutsing

Ziliujing District (Chinese: 自流井区) is a district of Zigong city, Sichuan Province, China. The district covers 153 square kilometres and had a population of 330,000 people in 2005.

Salt and Natural Gas[edit]

According to Fang, China has always managed salt and iron, with Sichuan containing many salt deposits together with natural gas, especially in Tzuliuching.[1]:229 "Invisible gas fire" was mentioned as early as the Han dynasty, gas wells were taxed by 1662, gas was used in one tenth of the salt evaporating plants by 1821 (the remainder using wood or charcoal), and by 1857 gas was the more common fuel.[1] Li Jung describes the infrastructure around the salt business, "the building where money is handled is called the cashier's quarters, that immediately above the well is called the pestle quarters, that where the buffaloes turn the wheel to bring up the brine is called the wheel and buffalo quarters, that where the salt is stored in buckets is called the bucket quarters, that where the brine is evaporated is called the oven quarters.[1]:230 The wells used stone casing for the first hundred feet or so followed by wood for another 300 feet.[1]:230 An iron drill weighing up to 267 pounds is attached to a bamboo rope and when brine is reached, the well is called "success" or if no brine is reached by 3000 feet it is called "useless well".[1]:230 A well was drilled to 2700 feet in depth to reach the heaviest brine, the gas rising to the surface with a "rumbling noise", where the gas was contained by a wooden basin placed upside down over the well, from which protruded bamboo or wooden pipes, transporting the gas up to 1000 feet to salt evaporating boilers.[1]:231 Some gas wells serviced up to 700 boilers.[1]:232 Separate pipes carried the brine.[1]:232

See also[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Jing, Li (November 1948). "An Account of the Salt Industry at Tzu-liu-ching" 39 (4). translated by Fang, Lien-Che Tu. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 228–234. JSTOR 227712.

External links[edit]

Coordinates: 29°20′15″N 104°46′38″E / 29.33750°N 104.77722°E / 29.33750; 104.77722


text:
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This page is a placeholder for a page about the year 1747. The Wikiquote community has not yet come to a consensus on what this page, and calendar-year pages generally, ought to say. Please discuss any suggestions for the contents of year pages at the Village pump.

In the meantime, Wikipedia's 1747 article offers a list of noteworthy events of this year.


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Matt Mullenweg

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Matt Mullenweg

Matthew Charles Mullenweg (born January 11, 1984, in Houston, Texas) is an entrepreneur living in San Francisco, California. He is the founding developer of the popular open-source blogging software WordPress and writes a popular blog, a domain hack.

  • I'd have to think about that a lot more and probably study a little bit more. But the easy first answer is the United States. The idea that you have a nation started with what you could term a fork. So a fork from the United Kingdom in terms of the American revolution, definitely went through some bumpy parts along the way but sort of ended up as one of the freest places in the world. Especially in regards to speech and property ownership rights and the democratic system. It isn't perfect, but is one of the best things out there. One of the things that I love is the equality of opportunity where its a meritocracy. It's not as important who you are, but it's more what you do. You can have a huge amount of opportunity and the ability to succeed regardless of what you've done before or been involved in.
    • On Steppin' off the Edge, Podcast Interview, January 2011 when asked a question, related to Web Services as Government article, about what he would define as his nation state / empire from history if he had to pick one for WordPress or Automattic.
  • Technology is closing the gap between what one can imagine and what one can do and as a result the equality of opportunity is unmatched in human history.
  • The first 3 years the focus would be entirely on [...] building a rock solid infrastructure.
    •, Starting a Bank, August 2009
  • My own personal dream is that the majority of the web runs on open source software.
  • Usage is like oxygen for ideas.
    •, 1.0 is the Loneliest Number, November 2010
  • We are much better at writing code than haikus.
    • [1] Automattic Home Page
  • I don’t have a Wikiquotes page.
  • Get the 1.0 out as soon as possible...even if it sucks.
    • BayCHI Podcast, The first 100k users are always the hardest, August 2006

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text:
The Warriors (film)

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The Warriors is a 1979 film set in a future, dystopian New York City, where turf gangs and cops rule the streets. When one gang leader tries to bring all gangs together against the cops, Coney Island's The Warriors are framed for his murder and the entire city turns on them.

Directed by Walter Hill. Written by David Shaber and Walter Hill, based on the 1965 novel by Sol Yurick.
These are the Armies of The Night. They are 60,000 strong. They outnumber the cops three to one. They could run New York City. Tonight they're all out to get the Warriors. taglines

  • It's still on and we're goin'. Cyrus sent an emissary this afternoon to make sure. Now, Cyrus don't want anybody packed and he don't want anybody flexing any muscle. So, I gave him my word that the Warriors would uphold the truce. [pause] Now everybody says that Cyrus is the one and only. I think we better go have a look for ourself.

  • [banging bottles together] Warriors, come out to play-i-ay!
  • [Swan demands a one-on-one fight and he pulls out a gun] One on one? You're crazy. You're dead, all of you, and you know it. You're dead.

Cowboy: You never know what you're gonna run into out there. If we're wearing our colors, we can't hide.
Vermin: Who wants to hide?

Cyrus: [yelling] Can you count, suckers? I say, the future is ours... if you can count!
Gang Members: Go on man! We're with you Cyrus!
Cyrus: Now, look what we have here before us. We got the Saracens sitting next to the Jones Street Boys. We've got the Moonrunners right by the Van Cortlandt Rangers. Nobody is wasting nobody. That... is a miracle. And miracles is the way things ought to be. You're standing right now with nine delegates from 100 gangs. And there's over a hundred more. That's 20,000 hardcore members. Forty-thousand, counting affiliates, and twenty-thousand more, not organized, but ready to fight: 60,000 soldiers! Now, there ain't but 20,000 police in the whole town. Can you dig it?
Gang Members: Yeah.
Cyrus: Can you dig it?
Gang Members: Yeah!
Cyrus: Can you dig it!?
Gang Members: YEAH!
Cyrus: Now, here's the sum total: One gang could run this city! One gang. Nothing would move without us allowing it to happen. We could tax the crime syndicates, the police, because WE got the streets, suckers! Can you dig it?
Gang Members: YEAH! [cheering]
Cyrus: The problem in the past has been the man turning us against one another. We have been unable to see the truth, because we have been fighting for ten square feet of ground, our turf, our little piece of turf. That's crap, brothers! The turf is ours by right, because it's our turn. All we have to do is keep up the general truce. We take over one borough at a time. Secure our territory... secure our turf... because it's all our turf!

Cowboy: Okay, what are we gonna do now?
Swan: We're going back.
Vermin: You mind tellin' us how? Fuckin' Coney Island must be 50 to 100 miles from here!
Swan: It's the only choice we got.
Cochise: Yeah, real simple. Except that every cop in this city is lookin' to bust our heads.
Swan: We got somethin' else to think about.
Vermin: Yeah, what?
Snow: The truce. Is it still on?
Vermin: If it ain't, we're gonna have to bop our way back!
Cowboy: Shit, I wish we was packed.
Swan: If this truce is off, anything could hit us between here and that train. If you get separated, make it to the platform at Union Square. That's where we change trains.
Ajax: I only got one question. Who named you leader? I got as much right to take over as you.
Fox: It was Cleon's choice; Swan's war chief.
Ajax: Well, right about now, Cleon's most likely got a nightstick shoved halfway up his ass! [laughs] Shit. I bet you can't even find the subway.
Swan: Maybe we ought to talk about this later, huh?
Ajax: Well, what's wrong with right now? I wanna be Warlord.
Swan: Make your move.
Cowboy: Hey Ajax, lighten up.
Vermin: Hey Big Boy, Swan's war chief.
Cochise: We better stick together.

Cropsey: We set?
Luther: We're set alright. Somebody should pick their ass up. The Riffs sent out the word. They want 'em alive. We don't.
Cropsey: Sooner someone grabs 'em, the better.
Luther: What's the matter? Ya afraid the Warriors are gonna shoot their mouths off before they get wacked?
Cropsey: Yeah, right! I'm worried! I just don't want the Riffs down on my head!
Luther: No sweat. They're lookin' for the Warriors, remember? We can do some lookin' too... Oughta make you feel better.

Cowboy: [winded, running from the Baseball Furies] I can't make it.
Ajax: Are you sure?
Cowboy: Yes, I'm sure...
Ajax: Well, good! I'm sick of runnin' from these wimps!
[They stop to fight]
Ajax: I'm gonna shove that bat up your ass and turn you into a Popsicle.

Cochise: We gotta hold ourselves together. We got to. See man, if we go to pieces, someone out there is gonna get us.
Rembrandt: [about The Lizzies] They think we shot Cyrus.
Vermin: What are you talking about? I don't get it.
Rembrandt: They think we shot Cyrus. Every gang in the city must be looking for us!
Cochise: Holy shit!
Rembrandt: We're not gonna be able to make it back!
Vermin: We're gonna make it back. We came this far and we're gonna go the rest of the way.

Swan: When we see the ocean, we figure we're home. We're safe.
Luther: This time you got it wrong.
Swan: Why'd you do it? Why'd you waste Cyrus?
Luther: No reason. I just like doing things like that!

Swan: You still looking for us?
Masai: [looks at Luther] We found what we're looking for.
Luther: [cowering] No. No... It wasn't us. It was them. It was the Warriors.
Masai: You Warriors are good. Real good.
Swan: The best.
Masai: The rest is ours.
[Swan nods his head in agreement as the Gramercy Riffs let the Warriors pass]
Luther: [as the Gramercy Riffs descend on the Rogues] Nooooooo!

  • These are the Armies of The Night. They are 60,000 strong. They outnumber the cops three to one. They could run New York City. Tonight they're all out to get the Warriors.
  • They outnumber the cops three to one.
  • They are 60,000 strong.
  • They could run New York City.
  • Tonight they're all out to get the Warriors.

External links[edit]

Wikipedia has an article about:


text:
Popular Science Monthly/Volume 38/March 1891/The Relative Value of Cements

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CLASS OF 1890.

IN The Popular Science Monthly of June, 1890, page 253, there appeared an article entitled Natural and Artificial Cements, by Prof. La Roy F. Griffin, in which theories were advanced in regard to the setting of cement which are at variance with the chemical reactions that are known to take place. There were also given the results of some cement tests, with deductions from the same, that not only are contrary to the results obtained by other experimenters, but are also contrary to the results obtained from the use of cements in works of construction. That there are so many points in Prof. Griffin's article to which exception must be taken, and the exceedingly false impression his article would leave upon the public as to the relative value of 664 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY.

American cements, both natural and artificial, is the excuse of the writers for the following article. The diagrams and tables given have been compiled from results obtained in an extended course of cement tests now in progress in the Engineering De- partment of the State University of Iowa.

Cements, such as are used for constructive purposes, may be divided into two general classes, natural and artificial. The essential ingredients, carbonate of lime, silica, and alumina, are the same in both classes, the principal difference being the pro- portions in which they are present, and their purity.

In the manufacture of natural cement the raw material gen- erally used is some stone in which the carbonate of lime, silica, and alumina are present in more or less correct proportions, while in the manufacture of the artificial cement the raw material used consists of the essential ingredients, each in a comparatively pure state, thoroughly mixed in theoretically the correct proportions. It is due to this fact that artificial or Portland cement is not only much superior to natural cements, but that it is much more uni- form in its quality. This feature of uniformity is perhaps the most valuable possessed by Portland cements, and one which can never be attained in the manufacture of natural cements.

The term Portland cement is now generally used to designate artificial cement, from the fact that the first artificial cement made in England, when hardened, resembled the famous Portland building-stone.

Whether the mixture of the necessary ingredients is artificial or not, it is burned almost to the point of vitrification and then ground to an extreme fineness. The fineness to which cement is ground is one of the most important points in its manufacture, for the reason that, if not finely ground, its strength may be re- duced fifty or seventy-five per cent. The theory advanced by Prof. Griffin, on page 254, in regard to the setting of cement, namely, the absorption of carbon dioxide, the uniting of this gas with the lime, and the reforming of lime-stone, is simply the old lime-mortar theory, and in no way applies to the setting of cement. In regard to the changes that do take place during the setting of cement, the following quotations from an article upon the subject by Dr. L. W. Andrews and F. W. Spanutius, in The Transit for December, afford the clearest explanations :

"The setting of a cement is, in general, a complex process, partly chemical in its nature, partly mechanical. Broadly stated, the chemical changes which occur may be said rather to afford opportunity for the mechanical changes which result in harden- ing than themselves to cause the hardening. The chemical changes are, therefore, susceptible of wide variation without materially influencing the result. ... In some cements, of which

plaster of Paris may be taken as the type, water simply combines with some constituent of the cement already present. In others, of which Portland cement is the most important example, certain chemical reactions must first take place. These reactions give rise to substances which, as soon as formed, combine with water and constitute the true cementaceous material. Portland cement contains as chief, sometimes as almost sole constituent, a lime peridote, and in addition a tricalcium aluminate, Ca s Al a O solu- ble in 3,000 parts of water, and a dark-brown fusible substance, Ca s Al 9 Fe 9 O a . In the act of setting, the tricalcium aluminate first dissolves in water and then begins to separate again as a mass of felted needles consisting of calcium aluminum hydrate, which extend in every direction and are directly the cause of the first setting of the cement. At the same time an action begins which requires a much longer time for its completion, and which proba- bly consists in a combination of the first formed aluminum hydrate with the calcium peridote and the water, forming a mineral belonging to the zeolite class and possessing very proba- bly the composition H ]0 CaAl a Si 4 O 1T . This zeolite crystallizes out as it forms, and this continues, for long periods subsequent to the first setting of the cement, to add to its solidity and tenacity."

Following the reasoning of Prof. Griffin, we are unable to understand the meaning of "pure lime cement," as the two terms " pure lime " and " cement," when used in an engineering sense, are incompatible. The effect of the presence of magnesia upon the quality of cement is not perfectly understood ; but that an increased hardening in cement for a long period of time is due alone to its presence, is not so, as cements that contain no mag- nesia have been known to improve constantly during a period of two years.

To quote from Prof. Griffin :

" So a Portland cement will develop its full strength in a few months, while our natural cements will not for years, and, so long as it (this chemical action) continues, the structure improves."

Unless Prof. Griffin classes Portland cement as a " pure lime cement" (which it is not), he has advanced no proof of the above quotation ; and furthermore this statement itself is incorrect. It is a fact well known to all engineers and builders that as a class Portland cements are slower setting than the natural cements; and also that natural cements attain their full strength within a comparatively short time (within the first year as a maximum limit), and that, after the full strength has been attained, this strength may decrease, as time goes on, in some natural cements. There has, however, been found no limit of time beyond which Portland cement deteriorated, and for two or three years at least it improves its strength.

vol. xxxviii. 45

�� � 666

��In speaking of cement testing, Prof. Griffin says : " No one of these" (meaning tests for compression, tension, tor- sion, and cross-strain) " can be dispensed with, since material that will endure one satisfactorily will utterly fail in another; . . . but for general purposes the test of cement which is the most valu- able is that which determines its tensile strength."

There are very few cases in practice where any tests other than for tension are made. The statement that " no one of these can be dispensed with," etc., is contradicted by what follows, that the most general test is for tensile strength.

From the very nature of cement, these necessary qualities are so dependent one upon the other that practice and experiment have shown that, where one of these physical tests is passed satis- factorily, the others within certain limits must also be satisfac- tory. It is due to this fact alone that tests for tensile strength are accepted as standard, as in construction cement should never be subjected to tension or cross-strain, but is usually subjected to compression, or possibly in some cases to torsion ; but because the compressive strength in cement is generally proportional to its tensile strength, tension tests have, on account of the facility and accuracy with which they can be made, been adopted as standard.

The form of the test briquette given by Prof. Griffin is not that approved by the American Society of Civil Engineers and

adopted in all standard cement tests. The approved form of briquette is that shown in Fig. 1.

These briquettes are usually made by hand, as described by Prof. Griffin. But unless a great deal of help is avail- able, the process is much too slow for any very extended series of tests ; the amount of mortar that can be mixed at once is small ; and where different persons are employed it is impossible to obtain briquettes that give satisfac- tory comparative results, owing to the difference in the personal equations of the makers. This was soon found to be the case in the " State University of Iowa " cement tests, and a specially designed machine was built, having a capacity of making over three thousand briquettes per day, being run by two men. This made possible the making of a much greater number of briquettes under practically the same con- ditions. Owing to the greater amount of pressure machine-made briquettes are subjected to (about one hundred and fifty pounds

���^^T_L ^

��Fig. 1. Standard Form of Bri- quette, One Inch in Thickness.

�� � per square inch), they are probably stronger than the hand-made; but, as this pressure is uniform for all the briquettes, which is not the case when they are made by hand, the comparative value of the tests is far superior to anything attainable by hand-made briquettes. The following table shows the difference in tensile strength between hand- and machine-made briquettes. Each result is the mean of ten briquettes broken at the end of six months:

NAME OF CEMENT. Hand-made. Machine-made.
Neat Milwakee (American) 333 346
 " Gibbs's Portland (English) 609 703
 " Buckeye Portland (American) 669 844

All the briquettes used in the tests from which the table and diagrams here given were taken were allowed to stand twenty-four hours in the air, and were then immersed, the time of immersion being the zero marked upon the diagrams, and all the periods of time being reckoned from this point in weeks, which are noted along the bottom of the diagram. A number of briquettes were broken each day for the first seven days; after this a number was broken every seven days, and the average of these results giving the ordinates to the line on the diagram. Besides these briquettes, ten extra ones were broken at the expiration of one week, one month, three months, and six months. The average of the tensile strength of these, and the time of breaking, are shown on the diagram by black dots, the letter showing the brand of the cement: M, Milwaukee; U, Utica; G, Gibbs English Portland; and B, Buckeye American Portland. This system of breaking briquettes shows the effect of time upon their strength. The testing-machine used in these tests was Riehle Brothers' "Standard Cement Tester," in which the strain upon the briquette is gradually increased by means of a screw-and-worm gear. Although the type mentioned by Prof. Griffin possesses accuracy, and is very satisfactory, still the Riehle machine gives equally satisfactory results, and allows of a much greater number of briquettes being broken within a given time.

Any comparison of the relative value of cements based upon their percentage of increase in strength, as made by Prof. Griffin, is of no value. A cement that attains a certain strength in seven days, even if it only increases one per cent during the following ninety days, is superior for constructive purposes to one that increases four hundred per cent during the same time, provided the ultimate strength of the latter is not greater than the former.

The strength of Milwaukee cement, of which Prof. Griffin has much to say, can be seen in the diagram, as compared with the other brands of cements given. The table given by Prof. Griffin, to illustrate the superiority of Milwaukee cement, shows that the strength of the Milwaukee was three hundred and eighty-two pounds per square inch at thirty days, and only three hundred and fifty pounds per square inch at sixty days. This hardly proves either the superiority of Milwaukee, or that natural

PSM V38 D686 Table of relative strengths of english and american cements.jpg

Fig. 2. — Diagram showing the Relative Tensile Strength of English and American Portland and Two Brands of American Natural,

cement increases in strength with age; and, as it is the average of seventy-five specimens, would rather seem to disapprove the points mentioned. It is true that briquettes made of the same cement, at the same time, kept under the same conditions, and broken at the same time, show a great variation in tensile
PSM V38 D687 Table of relative tensile strengths of natural and artifical cements.jpg

Fig. 3. — Diagram showing the Relative Strength of Natural and Artificial Cements.

strength. The statement of Prof. Griffin that Milwaukee cement has been shown to have the greatest crushing strength is rather too sweeping, to say the least, as all first-class Portland cements are superior to Milwaukee in this respect, and there are a number of brands of American natural cements that are in every way its equal. Although English Portland cements are among the best in the market, still they are equaled by both German and French Portland, while there are now manufactured in the United States Portland cements that in tensile strength exceed any imported cements. Briquettes made of American Portland have shown a tensile strength of eleven hundred pounds at the end of twenty-six weeks.

A careful study of the diagrams will give a correct idea of the relative values of typical English and American Portland cements, American natural cements, and Portland and natural cements. It is not intended to show in Fig. 2 that Milwaukee cement is inferior to all American natural cements, but simply that there are American natural cements that under the same treatment will give at least as good results. The numbers along the bottom of the diagrams indicate the age of the briquettes in weeks; the numbers at the side indicate pounds.

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The New International Encyclopædia/Becke, George Louis

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BECKE, George Louis (1848—). An Australian novelist. He was born at Port Macquarie, New South Wales. He was a trader in the South Sea Islands from 1870 to 1893, but afterwards removed to England. Becke, who belongs to the school of Stevenson and Conrad, has written, single-handed and in collaboration with Walter Jeffery, many stirring tales of adventure in the Pacific islands. Among them are: By Reef and Palm (1894); The Ebbing of the Tide (1896); Pacific Tales (1897); Wild Life in Southern Seas (1897); The Mutineer (1898); Ridan the Devil (1899); The South Sea Pearler (1900); Tom Wallis (1900); The Tapir and Other Stories (1901); By Rock and Pool (1901); and Breachley: Black Sheep (1902). See Australian Literature.


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God/Nils/God and Enlightenment

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God portrayed as an enlightened master

Find God Through the Path of Enlightenment[edit]

God is a mystery that can be seen and understood only by enlightenment. One can see God only in enlightenment. The Bible says: "Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God." Who cleans his heart (his mind) with spiritual exercises, enters the dimension of God and sees God. With man's current reasoning capacities, he can describe God only in limited and finite terms. Science cannot explore more than circumstantial evidences for God. If one wishes to know if God exists, one must realize enlightenment.

1. Purify yourself with yoga and mantra yoga. Do yoga for beginners, easy yoga poses with mantra meditation, dynamic mantra yoga, fitness yoga or yoga with positive thinking. Practice the five principles of health.

2. Do kundalini yoga. Kundalini is a great power, which leads us to enlightenment. Read How to Get the Benefits of Kundalini Yoga. Pracice the [[b:sun meditation|sun meditation]].

3. Do the yoga of love. Send regularly all people light. All-encompassing love is the quickest way to a life in God. Read How to Be a Karma Yogi.

4. Connect daily with God or the enlightened Masters and follow the voice of your inner wisdom. Read in the holy books, pray or think a mantra as: "Om all enlightened Masters. Om inner wisdom. Please guide and help me on my way." You can change the mantra, so that it applies to your personal beliefs. Buddhists say: "Om Buddha". Christians can pray: "Dear God", or "Jesus Christ". Atheists can think: "Om inner wisdom". Find your personal word to connect with the enlightenment energy. Get help from the yoga oracle or the Angel oracle.

5. Think positive. Practice the five qualities inner peace, love, wisdom, self-discipline and happiness. Read Positive thinking. Become positive through forgiveness and thankfullness.

  • Spirituality is a way of working on oneself and his mind (spirit). Through spiritual techniques such as mental work (positive thinking) and meditation one can come into contact with a higher level of consciousness (God consciousness, unity consciousness). One sees the light in the world, in himself and in his fellow man. The most effective exercise is to rest, to practice (Yoga, meditation, reading) and to love all beings (to do good for others). You must center your life in inner happiness and find out how you can stay within and grow spiritually. The most important thing in spirituality is the inner voice. The inner voice is the voice of your own truth and wisdom. It is your feeling of rightness.
  • Video ShantiMayi: How to open up knots in the heart
  • Video What's my core message? (gangaji)

The Lord´s Prayer[edit]

Fridolin Leiber - Pater noster.jpg

The image refers us to connect the Lord's Prayer (Christian main mantra) with visualizations and thereby strengthen the spiritual effect considerably. To have a powerful effect, we should speak or think the prayer how it fits us best. We should interpret the images so that they are helpful to us. We can formulate the sentences of the Lord's Prayer in our own words. This can help us to come better into contact with the energy of the prayer. The Pater Noster picture divides the Lord's Prayer in eight areas.

1.Our Father in heaven,

(We visualize God as a light or a person in heaven above our crown chakra.)

2.hallowed be your name,

(We imagine a beautiful melody to our image of God.)

3.your kingdom come,

(We recognize our world as a paradise.)

4.your will be done, on earth as in heaven.

(We take all things in our lives as they are.)

5.Give us today our daily bread.

(We are grateful for everything positive in our lives.)

6.Forgive us our sins as we forgive those who sin against us.

(What do you want to forgive your fellow man or God / your life today?)

7.Save us from the time of trial and deliver us from evil.

(What false desires you want to let go of today?)

8.For the kingdom, the power, and the glory are yours now and for ever. Amen.

(Feel the power and the light of your spiritual role model flowing into you and filling you. Think Amen as long until you are one with the power of Jesus or God. Move one hand and send the light with the mantra Amen to all beings on earth. So you will come fully into the light.)

The Sermon on the Mount[edit]

  • Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
  • Blessed are they who mourn, for they will be comforted.
  • Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the land.
  • Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied.
  • Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy.
  • Blessed are the clean of heart, for they will see God.
  • Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God.

Jesus meant „poor“ in terms of the inner self, and not the outer self. Outer poverty does not lead automatically to inner happines. Those who let go of outer attachments, can simply exist and find a way to inner contentment in God.

Suffering in and of itself does not lead to happiness. However, those who can take suffering in their lives and raise themselves through spiritual exercises, can find solace in inner peace. Mourning can help to let go, but one should not allow the self to be overwhelmed by grief. Grief is not the center of life, rather inner peace.

Those who can greet their fellow beings with non-violence and placidity, can live in a relaxed and peaceful way and relinquish into a cosmic consciousness. Those who are at peace with all things, are at peace with themselves.

Justice means correctness in the Bible. To long for a correct life, means to long for a life in the light. Those who long for happiness and search for it in the right places will receive it one day, in the form of inner peace.

Those full of empathy, will feel with the cosmos. Those who love their enemies will experience inner harmony. Those who experience the center of their existence as a love for all other beings will be rewarded by God with an all-encompassing love, peace, and inner happiness.

To dissolve inner tension, exercises for the body are required (going, meditation) and exercises for the spirit (reading, thought exercises). Those who exercise spiritually every day will reach a lasting happiness one day. Then one day the meaning of God will be found.

Those who let go of the ego, come into the light. Without a sacrifice, the breakthrough to enlightenment cannot be made. Those who live according to these teachings and therefore experience difficulty in their daily lives, provide the basis for such a spiritual sacrifice. To let go in a spiritual manner is an art. Those who do not go about this the right way create inner tension and conflict. We should not sacrifice too little or too much. Those who go about this the right way will be rid of their inner conflict.

A peacemaker is a person who makes peace within the self and the world. Those who are enlightened can be called holy, a son or daughter of God. Those who live in peace radiate peace into the world.

The central message of Jesus’ Mount Sermon is that a person cannot serve two lords. He cannot serve God (inner happiness) and money (the outer form of “happiness”). One has to decide for him or herself as to what form of happiness he or she will seek to attain. As a wise person, one must place the way of peace, serenity, love, and spiritual exercises as the central point of existence. In this way, he or she will one day find true happiness and live in the light.

Good and evil[edit]

Poor devil. Lives only his ego.

We are beings of the light. We are children of the light. The cosmos is our great mother and our great father. We play games of happiness in God and thus grows the eternal happiness of all beings. The problem with most of our fellow creatures is that they can not distinguish between good and bad games. Bad games often make happy the short term and unhappy the long term. Bad games are all games who focus of worldly desires.

If we anchor ourselves in external things, we always long for more. We become tensed inside, our inner happiness decreases and it takes everyone down. We are allowed to live the external things. We can have relationships. We can play relationship games. We are permitted to make us the outside world beautiful. But we must bring the spirituality at the center of our lives. We need to play our life games out of the focus of spirituality. We have to play on the basis of wisdom, love and peace. Only those games benefits us.

This is difficult to understand. There are many little devils in the world playing negative games. Little devils are always poor devils. They lack wisdom and they end up harming themselves primarily. We need many angels in the world who can teach the little devils to play in the right way. If the angels are centered in wisdom, in their spiritual practices and in all-embracing love, then they win and that will be good games for everyone.

If we look closely at the Bible, we see that the Devil is not mentioned often. Moses reported of a snake who lived in paradise and wound itself around a tree. The snake is a symbol for the kundalini energy in yoga. This snake winds itself around the tree of enlightenment, the middle energy canal. The snake embodies the wisdom of activating the internal energy of happiness.

The Bible refers to a devil who came to Jesus as he sat for forty days in the desert and meditated. Shortly before Jesus came to enlightenment, the devil appeared to him. The devil wanted to stop him from destroying his ego and from attaining the point where he could live in the light. Before the tensions within a person dissolve, they strengthen for a time. A strong feeling of aversion to a spiritual life appears and the worldly pleasures appear for a time to be more important than God. They appear as a large source of confusion and temptation.

With a little imagination, the devil can be imagined. One can see the ego as a sort of inner devil who stops one in the path towards enlightenment. However, this devil is not a being, but a part of the individual’s own self. He is a visualized ego conflict. In the Bible it is described with an image, a presence, but this is not to be taken literally.

In Buddhism, the devil is called Mara. Before he achieved enlightenment, Mara came to Buddha. Buddha reached his hand towards the earth, activated his root chakra, and rid himself of this ego conflict. Mara and his entire army of temptation disappeared. After Buddha triumphed, the light of enlightenment flowed within. With Jesus, it meant that the angels came and served him, after he managed to overwhelm his ego and came to enlightenment.

There is no devil in reality. In its basic substance the universe is made of light. Everything is God. Everything is clean. One can only live things in the cosmos wrong. You can put your ego at the center of your life. The right path can be found with the principles of truth and love. With these two properties we can defeat the devil. Who's going through his full life consistently with wisdom and love, one day comes into the light (in a life of God, into the paradise).

Healing through the path of enlightenment[edit]

After five years of continuous stress associated with a difficult relationship I got 30 years ago a burnout. I wanted to heal me. I tried everything that the current medicine has to offer. But nothing helped. My theory is that the strong stress had caused many internal tensions. Healing would occur if these tensions are disassembled.

I tried to get rid of the tensions through systematic spiritual exercises. Some times I broke through to enlightenment. Then the burnout was gone and I was cured for a short time. Unfortunately, new tensions emerged. Then the enlightenment disappeared. But I can say that enlightenment is ultimately a way of healing. Therefore there is hope for you.

The main path of healing is, in my experience, to live in enough rest, make sufficiently spiritual exercises and to do good deeds (living in love to all). In addition you have to practise the five principles of health (healthy diet, avoid harmful substances such as smoking and alcohol, regular exercise, positive thinking, and enough sleep).

Basically you should spend no more energy in your life in outward things, as you have. If you live quietly enough, the life energy turns inward and heals a person. For me a variety of diseases disappeared over the years as a hermit. Thus it is described in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the holy book of Yoga. And here it seems to me to be your first problem. You have organized your life now so that you will grow in sickness and unhappiness. You are surrounded by things that rob you your energy.

This system must be changed. How, you may try out creatively for yourself. You should bring as much rest in your life that you are even get a little boring. It is precisely at this point, that your vital energy begins to turn inward and heals you. This is the great secret of rapid spiritual growth and inner healing.

Specifically, I recommend to you, because you have a job and a family, three hours each day of spiritual exercises. Feel what is right for you and what brings you to healing. Helpful are walking (running), yoga, to read in a spiritual book and to meditate.

Meditation is basically quite simple. Watch a video with spiritual exercises on the Internet, do the exercises, thus solve your energy blockages and activate your healing energy. Then sit relaxed or lie down and hear beautiful meditation music (for example, New Age music from the Internet). You lie or sit until you are completely relaxed and became positive inside. The combination of a short activation of the kundalini energy (healing energy) through yoga exercises (breathing, mantras, visualizations), followed by a long resting phase quickly take you into a good energy. You do that every day and get so over the years more and more healthy and happy.

What is a Christian?[edit]

Jesus Christ

ma.be (Jesus.de): What makes you a Christian?

Nils: There are many Christian groups. We should not fight each other. We should love us, respect us and work together. A Christian ist a person who recognizes Jesus as his spiritual role model, connects with him regularly and follow his commandments. This is especially the love to God and love for his neighbor (all people). You must not agree with every word of the Bible.

ma.be: Do you accept that you are a sinner and need forgiveness, to have fellowship with God.

Nils: What is sin? Sin is to have an ego. The ego makes you to fall out of the Paradise, out of a life in God and out of the Enlightenment. Everyone who is unenlightened is a sinner. His task is to overcome his ego with his spiritual exercises and to get into a life in the light. Our sins are forgiven us in the moment when we seriously begin to go our spiritual way. Then the grace will unfold at its time.

Chaya (Christian woman): What is the ego?

Nils: The ego is a phase of human development. In a material world you need a strong ego to survive as an individual. For the whole of humanity, a strong ego of its individual members is dangerous. If the people look too much on their individual interest and pay too little attention to collective interests, the human race can destroy itself. At the moment, we watch the madness that in a globalized world, few people are immensely rich and about a billion people are starving. For me this is an exaggerated egoism of the rich. The rich should give to the poor so much money, that all people can live well. The rich will do that, only if they understand that inner happiness and love is the center of man. Inner happiness grows when you overcome the selfishness and live in the all-embracing love. The inner happiness is blocked by the tensions in the body and in the mind of a man. This tensions can be dissolved through physical and mental exercises (yoga, walking, positive thinking, meditation). Tensions arise mainly from fears (rejection of suffering) and attachment to external pleasures. The ego is a result of internal tensions. The more a man purifies himself inwardly, the more his soul is healed, the smaller is the ego. When love and happiness in a man grow, the ego disappears on its own and the man gets into a cosmic consciousness (unity consciousness). Then one feels love to all beings and is in harmony with himself and the world.

Coming close to God[edit]

Mion (Jesus.de): I never really felt close to God. Perhaps this is yet to come.

Nils: You have only to find the way by which you can be close to God. There are many spiritual techniques. Find out what works for you. If you really want, you can find your way to God. I get into the light by thinking and visualizing: "I send light to .... (name). May all people be happy. May the world be happy."

A good way to feel God's presence is to meet holy (enlightened) people. I went to Brother Roger of Taize, as he visited Germany. It was a great event in the exhibition halls. I sat in the back of the large hall. Brother Roger was sitting up front and surrounded by his monks. And suddenly the Holy Spirit came down from heaven and filled me. I gave the light to all people in the hall so that they could partake of the joy of God. I do not know if anyone has felt this. Anyway, I think that Brother Roger has enabled me to experience God. Maybe you should even go to Taize. Everyone can be there for a few weeks and enjoy the sacred atmosphere. Perhaps you experience God there. Or with other saint. There are so many holy people in the world. I got many times enlightenment energy in their presence.

---> Videos: Pope Highlights Work of Brother Roger (1 min.), The Taizé Community (2 min.)

Bede Griffiths[edit]

Bede Griffiths

Bede Griffiths was born in 1906 in England and died in 1993 in India. He made lecture tours through the West and sparked waves of enthusiasm out there. He wrote many books. He was a great inspiration to many Christians today. At him they found the love and the authenticity that they had been looking for. His final words were: "I am so happy. I'm so full of love. This is my commandment, that ye love one another. In this is included the whole gospel."

Bede Griffiths wanted the adaptation of Christianity to the present day. He taught that the disclosures of all religions complete one another. All the holy books of all religions together give the whole thing. A spiritual person can and should learn from the books of all religions.

Bede Griffiths was, how many great saints, very uncomfortable for his church. He explained that the Catholic Church must change. She should find new ways to express the Christian message. She should make love, not the sin to the center of her faith.

Bede Griffiths advocated the abolition of compulsory celibacy for priests, the priesthood of women and to establish inter-religious communities. His ashram in India was visited by people from all religions. He sent his Christian students to other spiritual traditions, so that everyone could find just the personal right way for him to enlightenment.

Much like Bede Griffiths also represents David Steindl-Rast a pluralistic theology of religions. David Steindl-Rast grew up in Austria. He graduated from Vienna in art and got a degree in psychology, in addition, he studied anthropology. After receiving his doctorate in psychology in 1952 he emigrated to the United States. In 1953 he entered the Benedictine monastery of Mount Saviour in Elmira, NY. In 1965 he was one of the first monks after the Second Vatican Council, appointed by his abbot, to deal with the inter-religious dialogue between Christianity and Buddhism. He then practiced with several Japanese Zen masters. In the Internet Steindl-Rast founded the international network Grateful life. If he is not traveling on lecture tours, he lives as a hermit.

---> Videos: Bede Griffiths talks about the love of God (3 min.), Bede Griffiths talks about God (5 min.)

The Spiritual Daily Schedule[edit]

For Nils, the spiritual daily schedule is a central technique on the path to light. This is based on letting go of tension in the body and soul. When we live and practice spiritual exercises for the body and mind everyday, then we will reach enlightenment. The number of hours required on a daily basis to attain a life in the light (in happiness) varies from person to person, and their situation and abilities.

Nils meditates for six hours and goes for an hour walk twice a day. He practices Yoga for an hour and reads a spiritual book for one hour. He also works towards the happiness of others three to four hours per day. He exercises constantly. He divides these spiritual exercises in a way that enables him to constantly undergo the inner purification process.

A spiritual person know when he needs which technique. When the body is dull and lacking energy, he goes for a walk. When he or she feels restless, he or she practices Yoga or meditates. When the spirit seems to rebel against the spiritual way, a book on spiritual topics helps to bring back the conviction towards enlightenment. He senses the inner conflict and uses the proper techniques to dissolve the tension. That is usually what the body and soul wants the least at that moment. Wherever the neurotic tendency to feel repelled towards something is usually the way to the light. On the other hand, we need to sometimes give the body and soul what they would like, otherwise tension is built. The way to happiness requires a lot of wisdom and inner sensitivity.

ma.be (Jesus.de): I want to be myself and learn to sit in the sun in a lawn chair, because Jesus has done everything for us.

Nils: Jesus has done everything in which he has shown us the way. But we must go the way by ourselves. We can find the way only, if we interpret the Bible with inner wisdom and intuition. The path into the light (holiness, Paradise) consists of three main points. 1 The way of rest (lying relaxed in a lounge chair, living in the silence) 2 The way of practice (prayer, meditation) 3 The way of universal love (do good, take ones fellow man more important than oneself). All three points are important. Thus succeeds our spiritual path. They must all be practiced at the right moment, in the right time, in the right way and personally in the right proportions.

Living in the light of God[edit]

Angel of Thankfulness

Elizabeth: "Here I'll describe my path who led me into the light and gave me the love (...) I am a nurse by profession. At the age of 38 an illness struck me, the Firbomyalgie syndrome. And everything I had built up myself was lost. I was so desperate that I nearly gave up my life. (...) I began to think about death. How would that be like. Then I thought about life. What was the meaning of life? Was it the sense to be born, to struggle through his life, only to die then. (.. .) And there it was again the question: who was I anyway?

I thought about the people. Why were they so unhappy? No one saw the beauty of nature. (...) I made a long walk throug a forest nearby. Suddenly I had to stop. I saw a flash coming down out of a tunnel from above. And something penetrated me. I got a wonderful feeling within myself. A feeling of warmth, love and hope. (...) I did not really understand what had happened. But I felt an incredible peace, an incredible satisfaction. I was so happy as never before in my life. And it was as though a veil pulled from my eyes. Everything was suddenly brighter and clearer, as if I would see better. Everything seemed so clean and pure. As if I would see a new world. I saw the light of God in the word. And this has remained until today. I always live in the light of God.

Now I was the one I've always been. A woman of quiet tones. And everything is gotten better since then. My illness has disappeared since then more and more. (...) It was remarkable also, that I understood at once the words of Jesus and the Bible. (...) And I knew now what love is. Love is not dependent on people, but solely from oneself. (...) And then I suddenly knew what God is. It is the energy that is everywhere and everything. And this energy is pure consciousness. And this consciousness is shaped to all that which is. And this light came to me and brought me love. (...) And I more and more got aware what was been given to me."

What are you thankful for? Practice today a ritual of gratitude. Fill you with the energy of gratitude. "I am thankful for ..."

See also[edit]

Wikipedia-logo.png Search for Philosophy of religion on Wikipedia.
Wikipedia-logo.png Search for God on Wikipedia.

External links[edit]

Wikibooks-logo.svg Wikibooks has a book on the topic of God and Religious Toleration.


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
en This user is a native speaker of English.
es-1 Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel básico de español.
hi-1 यह सदस्य हिन्दी भाषा का प्रारंभिक ज्ञान रखते हैं।
Search user languages or scripts

Hi, I'm also Taxman, an administrator on the English Wikipedia. I'm impressed by Wiktionary so far and the potential that truly multilingual dictionaries represent. I'm learning Hindi and I've found it very useful in my learning to use the reference sources I have to create and correct entries here. I hope to add entries for all the Hindi words in my vocabulary list.


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Tsunami Warning System Flunks Test

Publication Date: 11/3/2010
Author: JT Long
Format: HTML

Two Indonesian tsunami warning buoys, put in place after a 2004 earthquake and tidal wave killed more than 230,000 people, failed to activate on Oct. 25 when a 7.7 magnitude temblor hit the country’s Mentawai Islands. This time, more than 400 died.

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League One - Edwards appointed Tranmere boss

Tranmere have appointed Rob Edwards as their new manager, the Sky Bet League Two club have announced.

PA Sport Report
League One - Edwards appointed Tranmere boss

View photo

Former Wales defender Rob Edwards is the new manager of Tranmere

The 41-year-old Edwards is the permanent successor to Ronnie Moore, who was suspended by Rovers in February after being charged by the FA for breaching betting rules and then sacked last month after pleading guilty.

When Moore was suspended Tranmere were four points above the drop zone, but under the caretaker care of the 61-year-old's assistant John McMahon they won only four of their final 15 games and were relegated to League Two for the first time since 1988/89.

Edwards is the man tasked with trying to lead Rovers back out of the bottom division, with Tranmere announcing that the former Wales international had rejected a position with a top-flight club to take the job.

A Tranmere statement read: "Tranmere Rovers have appointed former Welsh international Rob Edwards as their new manager.

"Edwards, 41, recently left Exeter City and has turned down a job at a Premier League club to take charge at Prenton Park.

"The former Preston defender was assistant manager at Exeter City where he played a key role as the club won successive promotions from the Conference to League One."

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September 17, 2007

Miami Northwestern foursome attends practice

Miami Northwestern High School was well represented at Miami's practice Monday, with four players on the sidelines watching on - Cane commitments Jacory Harris, Sean Spence and Marcus Forston were on hand, as was senior defensive back Keith Richburg.

And now these commitments are hoping to put UM at No. 1 in the future.

Spence says "as of now" Miami will be his only official visit.

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February 28, 2008

Brent has one expected official visit

There has been no greater mystery among Oklahoma's growing offer list than Dallas South Oak Cliff four-star safety Kevin Brent. The 5-foot-11, 196-pound defensive back hasn't had much visibility at this point in time but with offers from the likes of LSU, Miami, Texas Tech, Missouri, and Oklahoma State along with the Sooners it's clear that he is getting plenty of attention.

Brent has developed a reputation as one of the most physical defenders in the state of Texas, however he isn't just a future run-stopper he is also an accomplished track competitor.

"I run track, we've already begun our season. I run in the 200, the 4x200 and the 4x100," Brent said. "In the 200 I'm the anchor leg of our team. The key is just having explosion out of the blocks."

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1 Reply Latest reply: Jan 6, 2007 2:02 PM by Newsgroup_User RSS

    Dreamweaver pop-up menu in template

      I'm just learning Dreamweaver. I want to create a pop-up menu for my website so I'm putting the navigation in my template. My problem.....

      I can't access the Pop-up Menu in Behaviors (it's grayed out). When I put a button in a blank page I have no problem with the creation, but as soon as I try to create it in the template it won't work.

      I sure hope someone can help !!!!


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3 Replies Latest reply: Jun 5, 2011 7:02 AM by Hisham Attia RSS

    Adobe Media Player Loop Playback

    TL2121 Community Member
      I'm playing back a .flv file created with the on2 vp6 codec

      question: how can I get AMP to loop playback?

      I looked in the playback tab under options but there is no option to set playback to loop.

      AMP seems to be a very "consumerish" program- this is very disappointing

      Hopefully I'm just not seeing this feature but it's there somewhere- anyone have an idea?


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Pablo Picasso

In Paris in June 1994 Picasso photographe 1901-1916, (1) the first in a series of three exhibitions in which the Musée Picasso explored the relationship of the artist with photography, was presented. Picasso emerged as a prolific amateur documenting his own studio and the still lifes that served him there as a model.

The images selected for that show provided interesting information about his way of working, but did not give evidence of any particular ambition to express himself through photography. It was probably much later, through his friendship with Brassaï and his intimate relationship with Dora Maar (1936-1945), that Picasso began to take photography more seriously as a creative medium. His most ambitious photographic project was, without doubt, the series of lithographs entitled Diurnes (1962), created in collaboration with the French photographer André Villiers.(2)

“I have discovered photography. Now I can kill myself. I have nothing else to learn.”

Pablo Picasso

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A Walk In A Park…A dog park to be precise

Petaluma’s Rocky Memorial Dog Park…
I freely admit that I know nothing about dogs.  To be sure, there are big dogs. There are little dogs.  There are dogs that bark…and those that don’t.  That is the sum total of my dog knowledge and experience.

So why a post about Petaluma’s Rocky Memorial Dog Park?  The answer is simple.  I have been more or less restricted to quarters with a troublesome shoulder for two weeks and jumped at an invitation from neighbors to ride along with them to the park with Charley, their 85 pound Chesador.

It was quite an experience.  A great cure for my cabin fever, if you will.

What the heck! Who am I kidding?

It was great fun watching the dogs running free, playing, socializing, and having an all around good time.

This is also the case for the “humans” in the park.  As one person put it: “This is a wonderful place for both canines and humans to socialize and exercise. It’s better than the coffee shop. There are walking paths, fresh air and the ability to watch dogs of all sizes, shapes, colors and personalities. The dogs love the park, the open space to run and play. You can hear them barking and howling from the cars and trucks as the owners pull into the parking lot.”

Rocky Memorial is quite large, almost 8 acres and is well maintained by the users. It was named after Rocky, a famed Petaluma Police K-9 that saved an officer’s life and later died in the line of duty while working in Colorado.

Perhaps the scene is best described by a few photos. Check out the slideshow below

Note: To stop the slideshow and focus on a particular photo, simply place the cursor over the slideshow frame or window

This slideshow requires JavaScript.


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Alter BridgeTREMONTI

Getting his start in Detroit, Mark Tremonti cut his musical teeth on a brutally heavy metal upbringing and a passionate love of the guitar. As passion turned into obsession, Mark formed late 90s post-grunge juggernaut CREED bringing a long-developed brand of signature song-writing and riff-crafting...

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Tulip Lens Hood is used to block the sun or other light source in order to prevent glare and lens flare. The tulip shape prevents the hood from blocking the field of view of the lens and producing vignetting. Flower shaped lens hoods are most often used on zoom lenses as a normal lens hood may block the field of view on some zoom settings.

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Scrapbookpages Blog

March 21, 2010

Where are the bodies of the prisoners who died at Dachau?

Filed under: Dachau, Germany, Holocaust, World War II — Tags: , , — furtherglory @ 11:27 am

When the US Seventh Army arrived at Dachau on April 29, 1945 to liberate the concentration camp, many of the American soldiers reported later that the smell of the smoke from the burning of the bodies was horrific.  Some said that they had seen partially burned bodies in the ovens.  Others reported seeing smoke coming from the chimney on top of the crematorium.

There were stories told by the American liberators about the ashes that they saw flying in the air, or ashes covering the ground like snow.  Some visitors today imagine that they can still smell the burning bodies at Dachau. Others completely freak out when they see the ovens in the crematorium.

Some of the tour guides tell visitors today that the Nazis were killing the prisoners at Dachau as fast as they could before the American liberators got there.  Actually, the prisoners were dying at the rate of up to 400 per day in a typhus epidemic, and the Germans had run out of coal to burn the bodies. (more…)

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Netscape Has Attention, If Nothing Else

Netscape has gotten mixed reviews for its recent Digg-style remake. The New York Times adds a story this morning about a petition from Netscape users to bring back the old site. We did a quick check and got traffic data update from Hitwise.

Hitwise says the Netscape site has seen a 17% increase from the week ending June 24 to the week ending July 15th. Given, that might largely come from the site’s recent media attention, but, hey, at least they’re getting attention, which is more than the Netscape brand had before.

We’ll check back on the data in a few weeks and see if the site is still growing. What do you think of Netscape’s new site?

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iPhone Gains Gaming Market Revenue Share

Software market research firm Flurry Analytics has posted some interesting information about where Apple’s iPhone stands in regards to the gaming market at large. The report also includes details about how the iPhone is stacking up in the mobile market against its two major rivals, the Nintendo DS and the Sony PSP.

In 2008, Apple’s iPhone OS accounted for only one percent of the overall gaming market, compared to 20 percent for other portable games, and 79 percent for console. 2009 saw a definite swing towards portable gaming overall, with Apple alone reaping about half of the benefit of that shift.

Apple’s overall share of video game software sales climbed to five percent in 2009, which represents an impressive 500 percent growth rate for the year. The general portable market, which seems to include not only the Nintendo DS and PSP, but also other mobile gaming platforms like cellular devices, grew by five percentage points as well, taking 24 percent of the market in 2009. The home console market, by comparison, dropped to just 71 percent. The numbers seem to indicate a growing portable market, of which Apple is currently taking the lion’s share.

According to Flurry Analytics’ estimates, using information from the NPD group, which details gaming revenue, the market overall took in $11 billion in 2008, and had a lightly less lucrative 2009, taking in only $9.9 billion. That means Apple’s take grew from $115 million in 2008 to somewhere around $500 million in 2009. With the introduction of the iPad in 2010, that number stands grow at an even faster rate as a whole new market segment is opened up to App Store gaming.

Zooming in on how the iPhone is doing relative to its two strongest competitors in portable gaming, the Nintendo DS and the PlayStation Portable, we see an even more dramatic picture of tremendous growth. Where the iPhone accounted for only five percent of the revenue share of the three platforms in 2008, in 2009 it took 19 percent. That means that it surpassed the PSP, which fell from 20 percent to 11 percent market share year over year. The DS stayed strong at 70 percent in 2009, but that still represents a fall of 5 percentage points from 2008.

The PSP is in big trouble, but it also looks like Nintendo may only be doing better because it had such a hefty head start to begin with. Recently, Apple announced that its next generation portable console, the Nintendo 3DS, is set for release in the not-too-distant future, so that could help its prospects. The PSP, on the other hand, had a very disappointing year with the release of the PSP Go, which wasn’t very well received, and no plans have been announced about the device’s next iteration as of yet.

Apple’s iPhone platform, on the other hand, is set to make some major leaps forward this year. There’s the very concrete and tangible benefit the iPad will have when it comes out early next month, compared to Nintendo’s vague plans regarding a new device somewhere on the horizon. Then there’s the near-certainty that Apple will be releasing a new iPhone in late Spring/early Summer, which should bring at the very least better processor power and graphics rendering for more impressive and ambitious games.

Therein lies Apple’s main advantage, besides its appeal to casual gamers: new hardware every 12 months, at least. The iPhone, iPod touch, and presumably the iPad, too, all get annual refreshes at the very least. And those refreshes often mean more muscle under the hood, which translates to more for game developers to work with. Significant performance updates to Sony’s and Nintendo’s platforms are few and far between.

The iPhone platform is still struggling to find purchase with core gamers, but I think the iPad, especially with its support for Bluetooth keyboards, might finally make significant inroads with that crowd. Watch for 2010 to be the year Apple dominates portable gaming.

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The Father of Vehicle-To-Grid Charges Toward Commercialization

An electric vehicle charging project led by one of the fathers of so-called vehicle-to-grid technology — the two-way flow of electrons between electric vehicle batteries and the power grid — could someday soon move from academia to the commercial world. Willett Kempton, professor and lead researcher of V2G research at the University of Delaware, told us this week that he’s in serious negotiations with two car companies, a national government and three electric utilities, for potential licensing and manufacturing deals of his team’s technology that can use groups of electric vehicles to help utilities regulate frequency of the grid in real-time.

The idea is that electric vehicles could safely and successfully respond to a utility’s digital order in real time to act as a frequency regulator. The power grid works by constantly balancing supply and demand (generation and load) and must be kept at a 60 Hz frequency. That’s a complex and difficult task given today’s grid has little energy storage capacity. So if the frequency goes too high or low the utility must respond by shifting generation and load. For example, PJM, a regional transmission organization serving a population of 51 million, commonly pings generators to control regulation as often as hundreds of times per day.

But electric vehicle batteries could act as the real-time, distributed intelligent frequency regulators, replacing generators. Vehicles are commonly used less than 20 percent of the time and the rest of the time sit parked at homes and offices. Kempton and his team calculate that in areas with deregulated electricity markets, that type of regulation service could have an average value of $30-$45 per MW per hour. Say, if the currently expensive electric vehicle could pay for itself through delivering these types of services, it could be sold for a lot cheaper, with the right business model (see: Finding a Niche in the Electric Vehicle Market on GigaOM Pro, sub. required).

However, the system has to be smart enough and that’s where Kempton, who has been working on V2G technology since 1997, and his team’s technology come in. The group has created smart algorithms that can manage the communication between the vehicle and the utility control center, and have developed prototype gear that can be installed in the car.

The university’s V2G project kicked off in earnest back in May of 2007, when the University of Delaware, Pepco Holdings, PJM, and electric car tech maker AC Propulsion created the Mid-Atlantic Grid Interactive Car Consortium (MAGICC) to prove the V2G concept and the universities’ previous research. MAGICC received funding of $200,000 from the Delaware Green Energy fund, $250,000 from Pepco, and $150,000 from

In October 2007 the team behind MAGICC successfully connected (see photo) AC Propulsion’s eBox — a converted Toyota ScionxB that uses a drivetrain that later became the core tech for the Tesla Roadster — to the PJM grid using a signal from the PJM control center to dispatch the vehicle as a regulation resource, like it would a traditional generator. Willard says the eBox’s 19 kW capacity makes it a better fit for V2G services compared to a lower capacity electric vehicle.

Since that 2007 demonstration Kempton and the researchers have boosted the number of pilot cars in the program to six. While that might still be small — to get a contract on its own with the utility it needs around 100 cars, says Kempton — the group is in the phase of moving beyond the research stage to exploring ways to actually commercialize the technology. Kempton says the team has a number of patents and is trying to figure out the best business model. “We’ve gone from ‘here’s how you do this’ to ‘here’s how you can license this,'” says Kempton.

The path to commercialization could potentially come from a spin-off company, depending on what kind of business model the researchers choose to take, Kempton tells us. While the group isn’t necessarily looking for funding, they will likely need some funding to move to the next stage and into commercialization — particularly if they decide to manufacture the hardware. In about nine months, Kempton predicts, the group will make a move toward creating an actual business out of the tech.

The plan isn’t without competition. Large auto makers, smart grid vendors, startups and IT firms are all eying the smart charging and V2G market, too. Conglomerate GE recently linked up with auto maker Nissan and startup Juice Technologies. Ford has been demoing its V2G technology in recent months.

In addition, building the type of ecosystem that can support a pod of EVs that can act as frequency regulation will face numerous hurdles. Smart grid firm GridPoint backed away from the V2G concept, because, as GridPoint’s Seth Bridges explained to us last year major automakers “are not going to go down that path anytime soon.” Many automakers are wary of the impact that V2G will have on battery life and warranty costs. Ford doesn’t expect V2G to be deployed commercially until 2020 or later (GigaOM Pro, subscription required). Kempton said that of the two car companies his team has been talking to, neither are American, despite the researcher trying to negotiate with U.S. automakers.

For Kempton, who was talking about vehicle to grid tech before the LEAF was even a glimmer in Nissan’s eye, it’s an interesting time. While the world has been struck by EV-fever, and dozens of new electric vehicles could be on the market in the coming years, one of the academics that paved the way for the industry to take shape is now faced with figuring out how to sell it.

For more research on electric vehicles check out GigaOM Pro (subscription required):

Report: IT Opportunities in Electric Vehicle Management

Finding a Niche in the Electric Vehicle Market

Electric Cars Need Software, Not Just Hardware

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Emily Bell

If data journalism means the analysis of and reporting on data sets that already exist, sensor journalism goes a step further: Organizations and journalists using sensor technology to create their own real-time data and then report on it. But is sensor journalism feasible or sustainable?

Columbia University plans to explore these issues, Emily Bell, director of the Columbia J-School’s Tow Center for Digital Journalism, said at Betaworks Betaday on Thursday. To that end, the Tow Center will run a weekend workshop on sensor journalism in June and will fund a few projects. And next year, Bell said, the Tow Center plans to run a “sensor newsroom classroom” in partnership with the architecture school.

Some of the challenges are technical: How can journalists and newsrooms build their own low-cost sensing techniques? WNYC’s John Keefe, for instance, built a cicada tracker to figure out exactly when the expected cicada plague will hit New York City this summer. Can other organizations do the same thing?

“How do you get the really efficient things from sense networks in a way that helps you do human reporting?” Bell said. The techniques also create ethical questions: “We are moving into this world where the line between transparency and privacy is constantly in tension. When you can survey everything, what do you report?”

“Practically, we’re very close to being able to survey most of what people do most of the time,” Bell told Betaworks’ Andrew McLaughlin. “I come from Europe, where everything is solved by regulation, In America, the momentum is very much with business rather than the individual. [Google CEO] Eric Schmidt said at the journalism school the other day that privacy is all about making good judgment calls about what you put online. That’s just not true. You can’t make adequate judgment calls to control your own data. That’s only going to get worse.”

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Vodafone’s Kabel Deutschland takeover is pretty much done and dusted

Kabel Deutschland

Vodafone has finally completed the transaction part of its takeover of Kabel Deutschland.

All that remains now is a German formality known as a “domination and profit and loss transfer agreement” – but Voda now owns 76.57 percent of Kabel’s share capital, for which it paid €5.7 billion ($7.7 billion). The deal is all but done.

The takeover of Germany’s largest cable operator will allow Vodafone to offer high-speed broadband without needing to pay rival Deutsche Telekom for using its infrastructure. It will also give Vodafone a stronger hand in the IPTV game.

Expect more of these European cable takeovers in the coming year, what with Vodafone about to rake in $130 billion as a result of Verizon’s buyout of Vodafone’s share in Verizon Wireless.

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a collection of browser extensions to deal with the screeninvader in the lounge of the :)
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ScreenInvader BrowserExtensionPack

The mighty ScreenInvader

this project contains various addons to interact with the in the lounge of the metalab in vienna, austria.

this pack currently contains addons for firefox, opera and chrome.

each of them adds a button to the browser which on click opens the screeninvader interface and loads the url of the active tab. the chrome (and maybe the opera) plugin also provide rightclick contextmenu buttons when you click on an image or link.

work on konqueror, internet explorer and safari versions might start one day, but i personally am not in a hurry to boot either windows or macos ;p

to install it may be enough to leftclick the link for your browser below.

firefox: screeninvader_firefox.xpi

srware iron, chromium, opera-blink && goo-chrome: screeninvader_chrome.crx

if leftclicking doesnt work: rightclick the appropriate file and save it somewhere.

after downloading either doubleclick, or if that doesnt work rightclick the file, choose open with and select the browser you use to open it. an installation screen should pop up in the browser after that.

iron, chromium, opera-blink, chrome: point your browser to chrome://chrome/extensions and then drag and drop the file into the browser to circumvent the "apps have to be loaded from the appstore" error.

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A simple live search jQuery plugin, developed to showcase TDD with JavaScript
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Live search, a JavaScript TDD showcase

Read the article:

The code itself is very crude - this is just the start of a plugin. Note that it does not do anything other than display a list of suggestions. No keyboard navigation, no ability to select suggestions, no nothing. This is only an example of how I use TDD to develop code - there is only so much you can show in a single article.

To actually take the code for a spin, concatenate the source files like so:

cat client/lib/jquery.js client/src/list_renderer.js\
      client/src/xhr_data_source.js client/src/live_search.js\
      client/src/live_search.jquery.js > server/public/live-search.min.js

Then run the server (you'll need Node.js 0.4.8 or higher)

cd server
npm link

Then visit localhost:8000/ and type something in the search box. Suggestions should show up.

I wish I could tell you that I took the time to TDD the server code as well, but unfortunately, it's a complete mess, and I only hacked it together in order to show the demo with some results.

To run the tests:

cd client && java -jar path/to/JsTestDriver-1.2.2.jar --tests all

I recommend Jstdutil (

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