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Mixed Berry and Mint Granita

Mixed berry and mint granitaServes 12 / This refreshing dessert can also be served as a slushy. Spoon into goblets and garnish with fresh lemon peel or mint sprigs for a partylike feel. View recipe.

Apricot Fruit Compote with Vanilla Nut Cream

You can make a sinfully delicious cream sauce by combining ground nuts and maple syrup. View recipe.

Lemon-Ginger Slush

Reminiscent of frozen lemonade, but for grownups. This can also be mixed with tequila for an afternoon happy hour — we won't tell. View recipe.

Tapioca Pudding with Passion Fruit (Pudín de Tapioca con Maracuyá)

Tapioca is a starch extracted from yucca, a root native to the Amazon. The tart passion fruit sauce perks up tapioca’s plain flavor (plus, passion fruit is very common in Colombia). View recipe.

Chestnut Chocolate Mousse Pie

A rich layer of sweetened chestnut paste separates a crisp chocolate crust and a creamy chocolate mousse in this delectable dessert. View recipe.

Strawberry Frozen Yogurt

Substitute any number of fruits — peaches, when in season, are wonderful — or use a different flavor of yogurt, to create one-of-a-kind combinations. View recipe.

Ginger-Cherry Ice-Cream Sodas

This refreshing, spicy, homemade ginger ale tastes wonderful even without the ice cream. Canned cherries will work in a pinch, but take advantage of summer’s crop by getting kids to pit fresh cherries with a hairpin or cherry pitter. View recipe.

Tropical Popsicles

If you prefer a less-tart treat, add more sugar to compensate for the lime juice. Vary this recipe by substituting other juices, such as grapefruit, for the orange or pineapple juice. View recipe.

Summer Fruit Sorbet

Serves 4 / This refreshing sorbet made from frozen summer fruits is a real treat. Easy to make and even easier to eat, it will satisfy any sweet tooth. View recipe.

Frozen Chocolate and Peppermint Sandwiches

Frozen Chocolate and Peppermint SandwichesMakes 12 / If you're not keen on cold treats, the chocolate cookies are delicious on their own. Preparation tip: Substitute mint chocolate chip or mocha frozen yogurt or ice cream, if you prefer. You'll have lots left over to enjoy with another dessert. View recipe.

Creamy Crenshaw Melon Pudding

This light summer dessert is great for cooling down a spicy dinner. View recipe.

Coconut Glace

We lightened up this popular Bahamian treat by substituting yogurt for the cream that's customarily used. View recipe.

Raspberry Sorbet

Lemon’s zing enhances fresh raspberries in this easy-to-make, homemade version of a classic dessert. View recipe.

Buttermilk Panna Cotta with Macerated Berries

This creamy, eggless custard is the creation of Jennifer Dugan, executive pastry chef at the Wine Spectator Greystone Restaurant at Napa’s Culinary Institute of America. View recipe.

Vanilla Bean Gelato

In this lightened but ultrarich gelato, nonfat and low-fat milk replace whole milk. View recipe.

Blueberry Frozen Yogurt Pie

Perfect for your Fourth of July party. Top with fresh blueberries, raspberries, sliced peaches, or a dollop of whipped cream, if desired. View recipe.

Tropical Tarts with Coconut Crust

If you love ginger, this one's for you, especially if you use the greater amount. Ingredient tip: Look for high-fiber coconut flour in the baking section of your natural market. View recipe.

Dark Chocolate Sauce

Sprinkle this decadent sauce over your favorite ice cream. View recipe.


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IDEA logo

Reinventing Education

strategically, collaboratively, and sustainably

Find out how we choose programs and resources to showcase in our library, through social media, and on our tours.

IDEA’s Curation Guidelines

IDEA surveys the educational landscape to showcase the highest quality resources and educational programs that support meaningful learning, community development, and efforts to create systemic change. We call this process “curation.” On an ongoing basis, we identify, evaluate, and present top quality resources to educators, youth, parents, education decision-makers, policy-makers, and the broad public.

Curation is the foundation for a great deal of our work: the resources we add to the IDEA Library, the schools and programs we feature in our Innovation Tours, what we highlight on our website and social media platforms, and the organizations and people with whom we partner.

Our choices are guided by curation criteria that reflect the values and mission of IDEA and what, in our view, will most effectively move education forward. While we don’t expect every resource or program to be a leader in each area, we do look for general shared values, an awareness of these key issues, and a sense that the “resource” -- an organization, program, school, research, video, etc -- can inspire transformative action.

Curation Criteria

  1. Promotes meaningful engagement and collaboration: The resource reflects an understanding and commitment to engaging young people, parents, teachers, and community members in working together for change in education.

  2. Demonstrates positivity and resilience: Rather than responding to adversity with cynicism and disappointment, the resource recognizes the importance of perseverance and generating new visions and solutions.

  3. Expresses humility and commitment to continual growth: Demonstrates awareness that any one person or group may not have all the answers, and that one can always learn and improve.

  4. Shows awareness of equity and justice issues: Recognizes that social justice and issues of race, class, equity, and access are intimately connected to conversations about education and democracy.

  5. Demonstrates capacity to move the needle: The resource is unusual, bold, effective, innovative or challenges a conventional paradigm, and is able to make real change happen.

  6. Shares a commitment to sustainability and community: Believes in the interconnection of education and the world around us, and that issues of sustainability and community are a key part of the learning process and societal change.

  7. Values building bridges: Support for collaboration throughout the education sector and with those in other sectors, building bridges and alliances based on shared values and goals.

  8. Shows an awareness of existing research and practice: Research and best practices, rightly used and rightly held, can provide support and challenge needed to spur ongoing learning. We look for resources and organizations that don’t hold research and assessment on a pedestal but also don’t diminish its value.

  9. Is applicable and practical to others: A broad cross-section of youth, teachers, parents, and others find this resource useful in their work.

  10. Overall: Is this a high quality educational resource that supports IDEA’s mission and helps build the public will for change? Can an open minded community leader check out the resource or be taken for a visit and take it seriously?

These guidelines are in continual evolution, and we expect to update and refine them as we grow and learn. We invite your comments and suggestions.

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publisher: CommonCrawl
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text:
673 Dominant Traits

view JillyFoo's profile

Ah nah!

3rd Jul 2015, 12:00 AM

She's too fast for ya.

(Edit) (Delete)

view Shosher's profile

3rd Jul 2015, 12:13 AM

He's gonna get...
the pow-pow! :O

(Edit) (Delete) (Reply)

view demontales's profile

3rd Jul 2015, 2:11 AM

This is nice. I'm glad she's not taking any shit from Saturno

(Edit) (Delete) (Reply)

3rd Jul 2015, 2:15 AM

Can Grey survive having his head ripped off?

(Edit) (Delete) (Reply)

3rd Jul 2015, 4:10 AM

As far as I understand their biology Saturno can only be killed if either his brain or his main core is destroyed, both of which are in his noggin. so if his head was ripped off the head would still be alive and the body would just be inert. If his head was crushed that would kill him.

(Edit) (Delete) (Reply)

Zulu Tango
3rd Jul 2015, 2:49 AM

Yeah, that's the expression.

(Edit) (Delete) (Reply)


text:
NATO Protestors’ Message In Chicago Echoed In Denver

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Occupy Denver protestors on the 16th Street Mall (credit: CBS)

Occupy Denver protestors on the 16th Street Mall (credit: CBS)

DENVER (CBS4) – There have been 45 arrests and four police officers hurt in Chicago where anti-NATO protesters squared off with police.

Demonstrators are trying to get their message across to world leaders in town for the NATO summit. They are protesting everything from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, climate change, and income disparity. The protests spread all the way to Denver.

The conflict in Chicago produced an Occupy Denver march that began at Lincoln Park. It was a last-minute gathering as Occupy Denver expressed its rage against NATO and what they call the war machine.

A two hour standoff produced a spasm of violence. Chicago police used batons on protestors attempting to reach a convention center where President Obama was hosting the NATO gathering. Earlier protestors were seen hurling objects at police.

“The only solution is global resolution,” a protestor said.

Occupy Denver responded with a solidarity march and a message.

“Beat us in Chicago, resist in Colorado,” an Occupy Denver protestor said.

Protestors in Chicago accuse NATO of starting wars and want the U.S. to avoid military intervention. That same message was heard in Denver.

“The U.S. is destabilizing Syria, they’re preparing to go into Iran,” the protestor said.

The Occupy movement began as a protest against banks and corporate America — that idea remains.

“I agree with them on fair taxes against the rich,” another protestor said.

And yet like the multiple messages from the Occupy movement, the Occupy Denver member wants NATO to be involved in removing Syria’s ruling family.

Roughly three dozen marched along the 16th Street Mall. Police kept a low profile, but as in past marches, curses were aimed at them and not appreciated by one tourist.

“They’re walking down a city street swearing, they’re talking about beating people up, it’s not what we’re about here,” the tourist said.

The turnout in Denver was smaller compared to other Occupy Denver gatherings last fall, but the hardcore remain.

“Even if the numbers have dwindled we still have a moral obligation to fight oppression,” the protestor said.

The Occupy Denver marchers walked the entire length of the 16th Street Mall, but unlike past Occupy Denver protests, there were no arrests, citations or criminal damaging.

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Newton's Third Law of Motion

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Sir Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton[1]

Born: December 25, 1642 in Lincolnshire, England

Died: March 31, 1727 in Kensington, London

Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest and most influential English mathematicians and scientists of his time. He laid the foundation for differential and integral calculus. His work on optics and gravitation made him one of the greatest scientists in the world. His three laws of motion helped advance the study of classical mechanics as we know of it today.

Isaac Newton propounded the three laws of motion. His third law of motion deals with actions and reactions.

The Objectives of this module are to enable the teachers to :-

  1. improve their instructional design.
  2. apply constructivist approach in designing lessons on science.
  3. inculcate an insight on common pitfalls in comprehension of the significance of Newton's Third Law of Motion in Our Day-to-Day experiences

Let us consider the following events:

  1. A magnet and a piece of iron of a different mass than that of the magnet, are placed in a short distance apart over a relatively smooth surface where these bodies are free to move. What do we observe when these bodies are let free to move?
  2. Sitting over skateboard, placed over a smooth surface, a football is thrown in the forward direction. What is observed the moment it is thrown?
  3. An air pistol is fired at an inflated balloon target. What is felt in our hand the moment the trigger is pulled?

Let's watch these simple but elegant clippings to illustrate a fundamental phenomenon:

Can we identify any commonality among the occurrences? We can see that in each of the above cases two bodies are involved in the course of actions that follow. Further, both these bodies are involved in simultaneous activities - albeit in different external manifest. Keeping these in view - and pondering over them as well - we move on to our next discussion.

Concept of Force

We all know what a force is, don't we?

Force is an agent which changes, or tends to change the state of rest or of uniform motion of a particle in a straight line.

With this definition in mind, can we identify a few forces whose effect we see naturally around us?

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Perhaps we are all familiar with the wordings for Newton's third law:

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

This statement is fairly well known to us, but there is a difference between memorizing the words and really understanding what they mean. These words are to be truly understood in all their perspectives.

Action-Reaction Pairs

We all know that Earth orbits the Sun because a gravitational force acts between them, so try this question. Which is greater the gravitational force of the Sun on Earth - or - the gravitational force of Earth on the Sun? If you thought they were exactly the same, congratulations. If not, let us look at this question using Newton's third law.

The action and reaction in Newton's third law are forces. Every force in nature comes in a pair, so to say. The Sun's gravitational force acting on Earth is an action. The reaction is the Earth's gravitational force acting on the Sun. Earth's gravitational force on the Sun and the Sun's gravitational force on Earth are an action-reaction pair and exactly equal in magnitude.

We may view the occurrences in the video clips below:

Can we organise some such simple yet elegant activities for the learners?

  • A Common Pit of Misconception ...

A pair composes of two - so an action-reaction pair here implies two forces. If the Sun acts on Earth, the reaction is Earth acting on the Sun with an exactly equal but opposite force.

This part is often confusing: not all equal and opposite forces form an action-reaction pair as mentioned in Newton's third law.

If you weigh 120 pounds that means that Earth's gravity is pulling you down with a force of 120 pound-weight. If you are standing on a solid floor, you do not accelerate downward because the reaction force of the floor is holding you up. The floor exerts an upward force of 120 pound-wt. on you. These two forces - your weight acting downward and the reaction of the floor acting upward - are equal and opposite, so you remain at rest on the floor.

Do these two equal and opposite forces constitute an action-reaction pair? Let's look at the problem a bit more closely. The forces are caused by the Earth on you and by the floor on you. There are three objects involved in this system instead of two. So these forces are not a Newton's third law action-reaction pair. These are two different forces acting on you which happen to be equal and opposite.

  • ...And A Way Out From It

The Newton's third law reaction to Earth pulling you down with a 120 pound-wt. force is that with which you pull the Earth up with a 120 pound-wt. force. The forces, Earth on you and you on Earth, form an action-reaction pair.

Now perhaps we can locate many such occurrences around us which involve an action-reaction pair. How about considering the following to be taken up as school/classroom activities by adapting according to our social perspectives and available resources:

Let us now ponder over few brain-teasers related to our topic in hand:

1. In a cart-bullock system as the bull pulls the cart, the cart also, in turn, pulls the bull with an exactly equal and opposite force. Why is it then the cart moves toward the way the bull pulls it, and not the other way round?

Hint: While thinking over it, just try to discern the two situations:

a. when the cart-bullock system is an isolated one, and

b. when the cart-bullock system is on a ground with a moderate coarseness of surface (thereby producing a frictional resistance force).

2. How at all a motion comes into being in the Universe? Every force would have

been neutralised by its equal & opposite "reaction" and thereby rendering a zero

effect on everything else!? Think...

Hint: Well here also we have to synchronise the concepts like system, isolated system, connected

system, internal forces, external forces, etc. And of course, never to forget the maxim that:action and reaction never act on the same body.

Jyotipriya Bhattacharya

3.In the above diagram (Fig. 1 and 2) an object (a stick) is shown to be inserted in a liquid in beaker. As the system is shown in the diagram, which way will the pointer of the scale go after the the stick is inserted, if we assume that the scale was perfectly balanced before the stick was inserted? And why?

Hint: The liquid exerts buoyant force on the stick, and the stick in turn ... ? Think.

An Activity (In Bengali)

This is a simple activity, described in Bengali, one of the official languages in West Bengal, and in which students of most of the schools in our state study. Teachers may take up the cue in organising many more of such activities in the school/classroom transactions. Here it goes:

This is supposed to be a flash video. You'll need the flash plugin and a browser that supports it to view to it.

Jet Propulsion - Simplified

Expected Outcomes

Teachers after going through the above design the teachers will be able to:

1.Improve their instructional design on Newton's Third Law of Motion.

2. To incorporate the Constructivist approach.

To Get Informed Further

One can go to the given links to know more about Newton's Third Law of Motion:

You may find some interesting discussions in this forum: › ... › Advanced Physics Forum.

Our Team

  • And We Are The Ones Who Worked On This Module

Gautam Bhattacharya
Md. Quamruzzama
Tarun Ghanti
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MSU Works To Save Endangered 'Snot Otter'

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Small Business Center.

The hellbender salamander — known affectionately as the snot otter or devil dog — is one of America’s unique giant salamander species. For unexplained reasons, most hellbender populations have rapidly declined as very little reproduction has occurred in recent decades.

Working with researchers from the Nashville Zoo and Antwerp Zoo in Belgium, veterinarians from Michigan State University are helping develop conservation techniques to sample and freeze the sperm from some of the last surviving salamanders. The international consortium’s work aims to enable future re-stocking of genetically viable hellbenders back to their streams and rivers, ensuring the survival of the species.

The largest salamander found in North America, the hellbender can grow to up to 30 inches long and live 30 years or more. They live in a geographic range from Arkansas northeast to New York and have remained relatively unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs.

Dalen Agnew and Carla Carleton from MSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine are focusing specifically on evaluating the freezing techniques, known as cryopreservation, developed to keep the hellbender sperm viable.

“The hellbender in the United States is becoming endangered, and to make things more difficult, they are very secretive,” said Agnew, a member of the college’s Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation. “The best we can tell, in most hellbender populations there has been no breeding in the wild for several decades.”

While other researchers figure out why — environmental degradation, habitat loss and biological changes are all possibilities — the team led by Robert Browne of the Antwerp Zoo along with Sally Nofs and Dale McGinnity of the Nashville Zoo is making sure the species does not go extinct, preserving its genetic diversity.

“The work between Nashville Zoo and Michigan State University for the cryopreservation of hellbender sperm is a global model for the genetic management of threatened amphibians,” Browne said.

McGinnity, the Nashville Zoo’s curator of ectotherms, initiated the project so the frozen salamander sperm can produce hellbenders genetically adapted to their local environments and fit for restocking. Browne developed the cryopreservation protocols, implemented by Nofs — an MSU veterinary graduate and veterinary services director at the Nashville Zoo — and her colleague Michael Kirk with captive animals from the zoo. Agnew and Carleton are testing the frozen salamander sperm to ensure the species can be resurrected, if needed.

“This process of cryopreservation is very species specific,” Agnew said. “It’s a lot like cooking; each species needs its own ingredients and formula. We’re basically applying modified fish technologies to amphibians.”

So far, the team has seen some promising results: Early tests show researchers have been successful in keeping frozen sperm alive for six months, which indicates the sperm could survive for hundreds of years in cold storage. That will allow the team to establish a collaborative gene banking program for the creature.

“Dr. Agnew and Dr. Carleton’s expertise and equipment were invaluable in helping us validate and document the results of our initial cryopreservation trials with the hellbender semen,” Nofs said.

As part of the project, the research team also is studying the comparative structure of hellbender sperm using electron photomicrographs, in collaboration with the MSU Center for Advanced Microscopy. This will allow scientists to learn more about the characteristics of the unique amphibian and to ensure its survival.

(c) 2010, WWJ Newsradio 950. All rights reserved.

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Wooley’s Weekly Winners

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ryanwooley Ryan Wooley
Ryan Wooley started with CBS Radio back in 2007 just three days a...
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By: Ryan Wooley

Another week and another dose of my weekly winners coming your way. I tried to avoid picking more than one local winner, but couldn’t pass up the two on my list this week.

As always, feel free to leave a comment below and let me know if you agree with my picks and who you would nominate if you think I missed anyone.

Trey Burke

um burke trey 3 15 12 getty Wooleys Weekly Winners

After flirting with the idea of turning pro, Burke finally made the decision to return to Michigan for his sophomore season. I think this was the right move for Burke because as good as he is; he wouldn’t pan out in the NBA at his current state. Plus, he is the glue to the Michigan basketball team making a run next year and another year of seasoning won’t hurt him as he eyes a career in the NBA.

Roger Goodell

rogergoodell Wooleys Weekly Winners

After handing down the harshest punishment the NFL has ever seen to New Orleans Saints head Coach Sean Payton, the NFL commish was tested after Payton appealed the decision. After considering the appeal, Goodell determined that the punishment fit the crime and upheld his original decision. I think Goodell made the right choice in the first place and only cemented the fact he is out for player safety by not allowing the appeal to reduce Payton’s one year suspension.

Todd Bertuzzi

wings bertuzzi todd getty Wooleys Weekly Winners

After Henrik Zetterberg had his head slammed into the boards in the loss to the Nashville Predators in game 1, Bertuzzi took matters into his own hands and sent a message to Shea Weber by fighting him. It’s sad that the NHL didn’t hand down a suspension for the hit and instead gave a measly $2500 fine, but hats off to Bertuzzi for not only sending the message to not mess with the Wings skill players, but also give some much needed energy to the team.

Follow Ryan Wooley on Twitter: @WooleyMammoth85

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Detroit Enterprise Fund

The University of Michigan central campus.

UM’s Frankel Fund Invests In Coolant Firm’s UM Spinout Tech

The Frankel Commercialization Fund, in collaboration with The Samuel Zell & Robert H. Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business, today announced that it has invested in Fusion Coolant Systems Inc., developers of an advanced coolant and lubrication system that makes manufacturing more efficient.

WWJ Newsradio 950–01/16/2013


text:
Kansas City

Alfredo Simon #31 of the Detroit Tigers pitches during game. FILE PHOTO (Photo by Ed Zurga/Getty Images)

Duffy Throws Gem, Hosmer Homers, Royals Beat Tigers 8-1

The Kansas City Royals beat the Detroit Tigers 8-1 on Thursday night.

97.1 The Ticket–04/30/2015

DETROIT- SEPTEMBER 27:  A general view of Tiger Stadium prior to the final baseball game played at the 87 year old Tiger Stadium as the Detroit Tigets host the Kansas City Royals on September 27, 1999 in Detroit, Michigan.  There was 6,873 games played at the corner of Michigan and Trumbul streets. The Tigers won the game 8-2.   (Photo by Ezra Shaw/Gettyimages)

Tiger Stadium Replica To Be Included In Little League Development Project

The Ballparks of America project is looking to lure the growing number of youth traveling teams to the two-thirds-scale versions of stadiums including Wrigley Field, Fenway Park, Busch Stadium and Detroit’s former Tiger Stadium.

CBS Detroit–10/18/2014

Miguel Cabrera . (Photo by Duane Burleson/Getty Images)

Tigers’ Smyly Shuts Down Royals In 9-2 Romp

The Tigers’ Drew Smyly went from the bullpen to tossing seven shutout innings as a starter. Nick Castellanos is tied with Miguel Cabrera for the team lead in RBIs.

97.1 The Ticket–05/04/2014

Rick Porcello of the Detroit Tigers. (FILE PHOTO)  (Photo by Leon Halip/Getty Images)

Porcello Pitches Tigers To 8-2 Win Over Royals

Rick Porcello is already in his sixth full season in the big leagues, which makes it all the easier to forget that the Tigers right-hander is still just 25 years old.

97.1 The Ticket–05/03/2014

(credit: Detroit Coney Food Truck)

‘Detroit Coney’ A Hit In Kansas City

“We couldn’t find coneys anywhere,” says Stephanie Tyler, who founded a food truck with two friends.

WWJ Newsradio 950–01/21/2014

Detroit Tigers manager Jim Leyland #10 makes the pitching change replacing Jose Alvarez #52 in the fifth inning during the second game of the doubleheader against the Kansas City Royals at Comerica Park on August 16, 2013 in Detroit, Michigan. (Photo by Leon Halip/Getty Images)

Royals Blank Tigers For Sweep Of Doubleheader

James Shields allowed three hits in seven scoreless innings and was part of a combined four-hit shutout in Kansas City’s 3-0 win over the Detroit Tigers on Friday night to give the Royals a sweep of a day-night doubleheader.

97.1 The Ticket–08/16/2013

Prince Fielder  of the Detroit Tigers looks back toward the field after being tagged out in a rundown during the 1st inning of the game at Kauffman Stadium on July 20, 2013. (Getty Images/Jamie Squire)

Royals Edge Tigers 6-5

Verlander (10-7) had not lost to the Royals since Sept. 9, 2009, but gave up six runs, five earned, on eight hits and four walks in 5 2-3 innings.

97.1 The Ticket–07/20/2013

Alex Gordon #4 of the Kansas City Royals slides into second past Omar Infante #4 of the Detroit Tigers for a steal in the first inning at Kauffman Stadium on June 11, 2013 in Kansas City, Missouri. (Photo by Ed Zurga/Getty Images)

Tigers 3, Royals 2

Scherzer became the first Tigers starter to begin the season 9-0 since Vern Kennedy in 1938 by pitching seven sharp innings.

97.1 The Ticket–06/11/2013

Starting pitcher Doug Fister #58 of the Detroit Tigers talks with Alex Avila #13 after giving up a RBI single to Lorenzo Cain of the Kansas City Royals in the third inning. (Getty Images/

Royals 3, Tigers 2

Guthrie (7-3) limited the Tigers to a two-run homer by Miguel Cabrera in 6 1-3 innings in helping the Royals to extend their longest winning streak since they won seven straight in September 2011.

97.1 The Ticket–06/10/2013

Prince Fielder at the Home Run Derby. (WWJ/Dilip Vishwanat)

Fielder Goes Deep At The Home Run Derby

Detroit’s Prince Fielder became only the second player to win multiple titles in the All-Star Home Run Derby.

97.1 The Ticket–07/09/2012


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text:
Change Location × Detroit

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      The 7th Annual Back in Black in Detroit

      • The 7th Annual Back in Black Photo #1
      1 of 1
      November 16, 2013 - November 17, 2013

      Saturday  10:00 PM - Sunday 2:00 AM

      1540 Woodward Avenue
      Detroit, Michigan 48226

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      The 7th Annual Back in Black

      Saturday, November 16
      7th Annual Back In Black

      ★ LADIES: RSVP for complimentary VIP entry here:
      ★ Discounted ticket at:

      Join us for the 7th Annual Back in Black party that will have you in a daze weeks after, this year the event will be held at Bleu Nightclub, one of the city's most beloved spots known for hosting legendary events & international DJ's!

      Back in Black is known to bring out Metro Detroit's finest crowds in their hottest Black Outfits!

      Presented by Jody Haddad
      • DJ's Godfather & Rob-Play
      • Hosted by radio personality Jay Hudson
      Black Attire Suggested

      For Birthdays & VIP reservations:
      248.566.4499 or

      Doors @ 10pm | Proper Attire | 21 +

      1540 Woodward Ave
      Detroit, MI, 48226

      Categories: Nightlife & Singles

      Event details may change at any time, always check with the event organizer when planning to attend this event or purchase tickets.
      COMMENTS ABOUT The 7th Annual Back in Black


text:
Introduction to Web Services

Consuming and Configuring Web Services in Xamarin’s Mobile Platform

PDF for offline use:
Sample Code:
Related Articles:
Related SDKs:

This tutorial introduces how to integrate REST, WCF and SOAP web service technologies with Xamarin mobile applications. It examines various service implementations, evaluates available tools and libraries to integrate them, and provides sample patterns for consuming service data. Finally, it provides a basic overview of creating a RESTful web service for consumption with a Xamarin mobile application.

As more and more mobile applications are dependent on the cloud in order to function properly (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, news apps etc.), integrating web services into mobile applications is an increasingly common scenario.

The Xamarin mobile frameworks have a wide array of support for web service integration, including, built-in and third-party APIs for integrating with RESTful, SOAP and WCF services.

In this article we examine how to utilize the Xamarin mobile framework including built-in and third-party APIs, as well as the associated tools to integrate various web service technologies, including:

  • REST Services – REST (or RESTful) Services are an increasingly common paradigm for creating web services because of their simplicity and inherent platform agnostic approach. Many of the major service providers use REST, such as Twitter, Flickr, Facebook, etc. REST allows for stateless, cacheable, and simple to consume client-server architecture over HTTP. This article examines a number of third-party options for consuming REST services, including; RestSharp, ServiceStack, Json.NET, etc.
  • WCF Services – WCF is a Microsoft specific web service technology that aims at abstracting implementation from transport and data technology. Xamarin mobile applications support the consumption of WCF services that are exposed via the BasicHttpBinding protocol, by using the Microsoft Silverlight SLSvcUtil.exe utility for client proxy generation.
  • SOAP Services – SOAP is a standards-based web services technology that allows providers to abstract data and transport implementations over the web. Xamarin mobile applications support standard SOAP 1.1 implementations over HTTP. Additionally, we support the Microsoft specific SOAP implementation, ASP.NET Web Services (ASMX), which allows for implementation of standard SOAP, XML and JSON responses.

Additionally, this article gives a basic overview of creating REST services for applications from the server perspective using the Microsoft ASP.NET MVC framework.

REST Services

With Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android consuming RESTful services is an architecturally simple and performance conscious option. This section examines several mechanisms to interact with REST services from client applications, and introduce the various tools and patterns used to parse the common message formats.

Invoking the REST HTTP Request

The simplicity of standards-based RESTful architecture has helped make it the primary option for mobile applications, since client interaction requires basic access to HTTP in lieu of a complete SOAP runtime. In this section we introduce the following tools to help us interact with HTTP using it’s inherent request-response pattern:

  • HttpWebRequest / WebClient – HttpWebRequest is one of the most common low-level mechanisms for grabbing data from a REST service and is at the core of many of the convenience libraries mentioned below. WebClient is another convenience class included in the System.Net namespace.
  • RestSharp – Is a library that includes support for HTTP requests ranging from simple to complex. This includes support for file download, complex authentication (including OAuth), async workflow, message serialization, chunking, etc.
  • Hammock – Is another library that employs the philosophy of: "REST, made easy” throughout it’s API. It follows a similar pattern to RestSharp and is used throughout the popular Twitter Client for .NET: TweetSharp .
  • NSURLConnection – NSURLConnection is a common mechanism for performing an HTTP request in Objective-C. It uses the NSURLRequest parameter to define the endpoint and has mechanisms for asynchronous invocation using Grand Central Dispatch queues
  • ServiceStack – ServiceStack is a performant model-oriented web services framework with a client designed to make it easy to issue and serialize requests against REST services.

Using HTTPWebRequest

Calling web services with HTTPWebRequest involves:

  • Creating the request instance for a particular URI.
  • Setting various HTTP properties on the request instance.
  • Retrieving an HttpWebResponse from the request.
  • Reading data out of the response.

For example, the following code retrieves data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine:

var rxcui = "198440";
var request = HttpWebRequest.Create(string.Format(@"{0}/allinfo", rxcui));
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.Method = "GET";

using (HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse)
   if (response.StatusCode != HttpStatusCode.OK)
      Console.Out.WriteLine("Error fetching data. Server returned status code: {0}", response.StatusCode);
   using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
                var content = reader.ReadToEnd();
                if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(content)) {
                        Console.Out.WriteLine("Response contained empty body...");
                else {
                        Console.Out.WriteLine("Response Body: \r\n {0}", content);

The above example creates an HttpWebRequest that will return data formatted as JSON. The data is returned in an HttpWebResponse, from which a StreamReader can be obtained to read the data.

Using RestSharp

Another way to consume REST services is using the RestSharp library. RestSharp encapsulates http requests, including support for retrieving results either as raw string content or as a deserialized C# object. For example, the following code makes a request to the same RXTerm service used earlier, and retrieves the results as a JSON formatted string.

var request = new RestRequest(string.Format("{0}/allinfo", rxcui));
request.RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json;
var response = Client.Execute(request);
if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(response.Content) || response.StatusCode != System.Net.HttpStatusCode.OK) {
        return null;
rxTerm = DeserializeRxTerm(response.Content);

In the above code DeserializeRxTerm is some method that will take the raw JSON string from the RestSharp.RestResponse.Content property and convert it into a C# object. Deserializing data returned from web services is discussed later in this article.

Using NSUrlconnection

In addition to classes available in the Mono base class library ( BCL), such HttpWebRequest, and third party C# libraries, such as RestSharp, native platform libraries are also available for consuming web services. For example, in iOS NSUrlConnection and NSMutableUrlRequest can be used.

The following code snippet shows how to call the same RxTerm service using the native iOS classes, exposed to C# through their Xamarin.iOS bindings:

var rxcui = "198440";
var request = new NSMutableUrlRequest(new NSUrl(string.Format("{0}/allinfo", rxcui)),
        NSUrlRequestCachePolicy.ReloadRevalidatingCacheData, 20);
request["Accept"] = "application/json";

var connectionDelegate = new RxTermNSURLConnectionDelegate();
var connection = new NSUrlConnection(request, connectionDelegate);

public class RxTermNSURLConnectionDelegate : NSUrlConnectionDelegate
        StringBuilder _ResponseBuilder;
        public bool IsFinishedLoading { get; set; }
        public string ResponseContent { get; set; }

        public RxTermNSURLConnectionDelegate()
                : base()
                _ResponseBuilder = new StringBuilder();

        public override void ReceivedData(NSUrlConnection connection, NSData data)
                if(data != null) {
        public override void FinishedLoading(NSUrlConnection connection)
                IsFinishedLoading = true;
                ResponseContent = _ResponseBuilder.ToString();

Although they are available, native classes for calling web services should typically be limited to scenarios where some native code is being ported to C#. If possible, the pure managed libraries should be used, since they are platform agnostic and will make the code portable.

Using ServiceStack Client

Another option for calling web services is the Service Stack library. Although Service Stack includes support for creating services, the focus here is on consuming services.

For example, the following code shows how to use Service Stack’s IServiceClient.GetAsync method to issue a service request:

           (response) => {
                foreach(var c in response.Customers) {
        (response, ex) => {
Note: While tools like ServiceStack and RestSharp make it easy to call and consume REST services, it is sometimes non-trivial to consume XML or JSON that does not conform to the standard DataContract serialization conventions. If necessary, invoke the request and handle the appropriate serialization explicitly using the ServiceStack.Text library discussed below.

Calling Services Asynchronously

When a web service is called synchronously, it blocks the main user interface thread, preventing the user from interacting the application. In order to alleviate this, use async operations to initiate the request on a background thread and callback to the main thread to display the data when the results are returned.

The following code from the sample application that accompanies this article illustrates how to call a service asynchronously:

public override void ViewDidAppear(bool animated)
        //Make Call to web service async here
        RxTermRestClient.GetRxTermAsync(_Concept.RXCUI, FinishedGettingDrugConcept);

private void FinishedGettingDrugConcept(RxTerm term)
        var section = new Section();
        section.Add(new StringElement("Brand Name: ", term.BrandName));
        //...create and add additional elements from response here

        using(var pool = new NSAutoreleasePool()) {

In the above code, the request is made from the ViewDidAppear method in the UIViewController. Once the results are returned from the service, the BeginInvokeOnMainThread method is called synchronize to the main thread in order to update the user interface. For more information on background tasks please see the guidance for Xamarin.iOS (formerly MonoTouch) and Xamarin.Android (formerly Mono for Android), respectively.

Options for consuming RESTful data

After returning the response from an HTTP request, we may be interested in consuming the data in a structured format. This can be accomplished by deserializing the response into defined model objects. Of course, one of the benefits associated with using the Xamarin mobile frameworks is potential re-use of ubiquitous model objects employed throughout the overall application architecture. In this section we will look at the available mechanisms to consume RESTful responses in Plain-Old- XML (POX) and JSON and map these responses to objects:

  • System.Xml / System.Json – included in the BCL are the standard classes provided in the System.Xml and System.Json namespaces included in the Silverlight profile. "XLinq” or "Linq-to-XML” is also available in the System.Xml.Linq namespace.
  • NewtonSoft Json.NET – Is a popular open source library for consuming JSON with support for converting between JSON and XML and DataContract attributes on model objects.
  • ServiceStack.Text – Is an extremely fast and compact mechanism for serializing JSON and XML and also includes an elegant fluent interface for custom object mapping.

Using System.Xml.Linq

Xamarin has support for using LINQ, including Linq to XML within mobile applications. The following example shows how to parse XML and populate a C# object inline:

var doc = XDocument.Parse(xml);
var result = doc.Root.Descendants("rxtermsProperties")
.Select(x=> new RxTerm()
                BrandName = x.Element("brandName").Value,
                DisplayName = x.Element("displayName").Value,
                Synonym = x.Element("synonym").Value,
                FullName = x.Element("fullName").Value,
                FullGenericName = x.Element("fullGenericName").Value,
                //bind more here...
                RxCUI = x.Element("rxcui").Value,

Using System.JSON

Xamarin mobile products also ship with support for JSON out of the box. By using a JsonObject, results can be retrieved as shown below:

var term = new RxTerm();
var obj = JsonObject.Parse(json);
var properties = obj["rxtermsProperties"];
term.BrandName = properties["brandName"];
term.DisplayName = properties["displayName"];
term.Synonym = properties["synonym"];
term.FullName = properties["fullName"];
term.FullGenericName = properties["fullGenericName"];
term.Strength = properties["strength"];

This is the familiar key-value coding style. However, it’s important to be aware that the System.Json tools load the entirety of the data into memory. Additionally, Linq can also be used with JSON as well.

Using ServiceStack.Text

In addition to System.Json, various third party libraries from parsing JSON can be used. One such library is ServiceStack.Text, which is a high performance JSON serialization library.

The following example shows how to parse JSON using a ServiceStack.Text.JsonObject:

var result = JsonObject.Parse(json).Object("rxtermsProperties")
        .ConvertTo(x => new RxTerm {
                BrandName = x.Get("brandName"),
                DisplayName = x.Get("displayName"),
                Synonym = x.Get("synonym"),
                FullName = x.Get("fullName"),
                FullGenericName = x.Get("fullGenericName"),
                Strength = x.Get("strength"),
                RxTermDoseForm = x.Get("rxtermsDoseForm"),
                Route = x.Get("route"),
                RxCUI = x.Get("rxcui"),
                RxNormDoseForm = x.Get("rxnormDoseForm"),

Another library that works with Xamarin is JSON.NET. The following code show how to parse JSON using JSON.NET to populate a C# object:

var term = new RxTerm();
var properties = JObject.Parse(json)["rxtermsProperties"];
term.BrandName = properties["brandName"].Value<string>();
term.DisplayName = properties["displayName"].Value<string>();
term.Synonym = properties["synonym"].Value<string>();;
term.FullName = properties["fullName"].Value<string>();;
term.FullGenericName = properties["fullGenericName"].Value<string>();;
term.Strength = properties["strength"].Value<string>();
term.RxCUI = properties["rxcui"].Value<string>();

Consuming SOAP Services

The Xamarin mobile frameworks support the ability to consume standard SOAP 1.1 services over the HTTP application layer transport protocol. SOAP services include support for standard SOAP 1.1 XML Messaging over HTTP and many of the standard ASP.NET Web Services (ASMX) service configurations.

Generating the Proxy

The first step in consuming SOAP services involves the generation of a proxy, which allows the client to connect to the service. A proxy is constructed by consuming service metadata that defines the methods and associated service configuration. This metadata is exposed in the form of a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document.

Generating a Proxy using Xamarin Studio

Xamarin Studio will take any compatible WSDL and generate a proxy against that definition document. As of MonoDevelop 2.8 (Now Xamarin Studio) you are not required to add a reference to System.Web.Services before adding the web reference, this will be handled automatically.

Web Service URL can either be a hosted remote resource or local file system resource accessible via the file:/// path prefix, for example:

This adds an item in the Web or Services References folder of your project. Since a proxy is machine-readable generated code, it should not be modified.

Manually adding a proxy to a project

If you have an existing proxy that has been generated using compatible tools, Xamarin Studio can consume the output when included as part of your project. To include the proxy use the Add files…menu option in Xamarin Studio. Manually including a generated proxy requires System.Web.Services .dll to be referenced explicitly using the Add References…dialog.

Invoking SOAP Services

Once we’ve configured the service to be compliant with the required transport binding and message format, calling these services is quite familiar:

var conceptGroup = _Service.getDrugs(text);

Using async methods with delegates

Proxy generation creates a Completed- event and two asynchronous ("async”) methods for each synchronous method generated in the proxy. These Begin- and –Async methods both ship with callback and userstate parameters, which allows specification of the callback delegate and any state associated with the async invocation. Let’s take a look at the workflow for this pattern using the sample code for this tutorial:

_Service.BegingetDrugs(text, (ar) => {
        var result = _Service.EndgetDrugs(ar);
}, null);

Using async methods with Completed eventhandlers

Proxy generation also creates an event to provide notifications related to the completion of an asynchronous method:

_Service = new DBManagerService();
_Service.getDrugsCompleted += Handle_ServicegetDrugsCompleted;

private void Handle_ServicegetDrugsCompleted(object sender, getDrugsCompletedEventArgs args)
        if(args.Result == null)

UNSUBSCRIBING eventhandlers

As a general rule you should unsubscribe event handlers from the publisher after you are done with the callback. In this case the publisher is the _Service and removing the delegate is accomplished using the -= operation.

protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        if(disposing) {
  _Service.getDrugsCompleted-= Handle_ServicegetDrugsCompleted;;

Consuming WCF Services

Xamarin.iOS enables us to consume the same Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) services as similar .NET clients. In general, Xamarin.iOS supports the same client-side subset of WCF that ships with the Silverlight runtime. This includes the most common encoding and protocol implementations of WCF: text-encoded SOAP messages over the HTTP transport protocol using the BasicHttpBinding.

Due to the size and complexity of the WCF framework, there may be current and future service implementations that will fall outside of the scope supported Xamarin.iOS client-subset domain. In addition, WCF support requires the use of tools only available in a Windows environment to generate the proxy. Therefore, WCF support should be considered "in preview.”

Generating the Proxy

To generate a proxy to a WCF service for use in Xamarin.iOS projects, use the Microsoft Silverlight Servic e Model Proxy Generation Tool (SLSvcUtil) that ships with the Silverlight SDK on Windows. This tool allows specifying additional arguments that may be required to maintain compliance with the service endpoint configuration.

To generate a proxy using SLSvcUtil, first launch the Command Prompt in Windows and navigate to the SDK tools directory via the following command:

cd C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Silverlight\v3.0\Tools

Then execute SLSvcUtil.exe using the WSDL endpoint address and a similar output directory as arguments:

SlSvcUtil.exe http://localhost:49514/Service1.svc directory:"c:\Users\abhatia\Desktop"

Finally, copy the output files onto the Mac OS X development environment and include them in the project using the Add files… dialog.

Configuring the Service Reference

Now that we’ve setup our service client proxy we have one final step before we are able to consume the service. This involves configuring the client against the service endpoint configuration. The client-side configuration generally varies depending on the service implementation. In this section we provide examples of common configuration options available to us when configuring our service client.

Configuring Service Clients in Code

Configuring our generated proxy will generally take two configuration arguments (depending on SOAP 1.1/ASMX or WCF) during initialization: the EndpointAddress and/or the associated binding information, as shown in the example below:

var binding = new BasicHttpBinding () {
        Name= "basicHttpBinding",
        MaxReceivedMessageSize = 67108864,

binding.ReaderQuotas = new System.Xml.XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas() {
        MaxArrayLength = 2147483646,
        MaxStringContentLength = 5242880,

var timeout = new TimeSpan(0,1,0);
binding.SendTimeout= timeout;
binding.OpenTimeout = timeout;
binding.ReceiveTimeout = timeout;

client = new Service1Client (binding, new EndpointAddress (""));

Calling a WCF Service with Transport Security

WCF Services may employ transport level security in order to protect against interception of messages. Xamarin supports bindings that employ transport level security using SSL. However, there may be cases in which the stack may need to validate our certificate, which results in unanticipated behavior. We can override this validation step by placing our override step before any service invocations:

System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback +=
(se, cert, chain, sslerror) => { return true; };

This will allow us to ignore the validation of the server-side certificate while maintaining transport encryption. However, this approach effectively disregards the trust concerns associated with the certificate and may not be appropriate. For more involved discussion and guidance please see, Using Trusted Roots Respectfully.

Calling a WCF Service with Client Credential Security

WCF Services may also require the service clients to authenticate using credentials. At this time Xamarin.iOS does not support the WS-Security Protocol, which allows clients to send credentials inside the SOAP message envelope. However, Xamarin.iOS does support the ability to send HTTP Basic Authentication credentials to the server by specifying the appropriate ClientCredentialType:

basicHttpBinding.Security.Transport.ClientCredentialType = HttpClientCredentialType.Basic;

Then we can specify our basic authentication credentials:

client.ClientCredentials.UserName = new System.ServiceModel.Security.UserNamePasswordClientCredential {
        UserName = @"foo",
        Password = @"mrsnuggles"

In the example above, if you get the message "Ran out of trampolines of type 0” in Xamarin.iOS, you can increase the number of type 0 trampolines by adding the –aot "trampolines={number of trampolines}” argument to the build. See the troubleshooting doc for more information.

Sample Service

The code provided with this article includes a sample service implementation that demonstrates how to share models with a client.

Sharing Service Models

The previous sections mentioned how Xamarin.iOS allows us to use our server-side models in order to achieve more code reuse across our application infrastructure. To help illustrate this, the sample code that accompanies the article includes an ASP.NET MVC3 application that exposes a model class, along with a test client that reuses it.

Open the sample solution entitled RestSample in Visual Studio, navigate to UserController.cs class in the Services project and find the GetUser method, shown below:

public T GetUser<T>(int id)
        M.User user = new M.User()
                 FirstName = "FirstName" + Environment.TickCount,
                 LastName = "LastName" + Environment.TickCount,
                 EmailAddress = "EmailAddress" + Environment.TickCount,

        return ControllerHelper.GetReturnObject<T>(user);

This is a mock method designed to return an ActionResult with the User model object serialized into the body of the HTTP response message.

In the associated ConsoleTest project, open the Program.cs file. In the GetUser method, we issue a request to the REST service, print the response to standard output, and finally deserialize the response to the User object:

HttpWebResponse response = GetWebResponse(url);

if(response != null) {
        using(StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream())) {
                string result = sr.ReadToEnd();
                user = Xamarin.Edu.ContentRepository.Web.Services.Helpers.Serializer.Deserialize<User>(result, type);

As mentioned earlier, these requests are synchronous and will therefore block the main thread. For an optimal user experience, call REST services asynchronously as discussed in the section "Invoking the REST HTTP Request” earlier in this article.

This document covered various options for consuming web services seamlessly with Xamarin.iOS. It also evaluated several tools and patterns for consuming SOAP, WCF, and REST services. Finally, it examined a basic sample application designed to help get started with creating web services.


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enable Meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary
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Meaning of "enable" - English Dictionary

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enableverb [T]

uk   us   /ɪˈneɪ.bl̩/
B2 to make someone able to do something, or to make something possible: [+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half.
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a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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radiate Meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary
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Meaning of "radiate" - English Dictionary

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uk   us   /ˈreɪ.di.eɪt/

radiate verb (PRODUCE HEAT/LIGHT)

[I or T] to produce heat and/or light, or (of heat or light) to be produced: The planet Jupiter radiates twice as much heat from inside as it receives from the Sun. A single beam of light radiated from the lighthouse.

radiate verb (EXPRESS)

[I or T] to show an emotion or quality, or (of an emotion or quality) to be shown or felt: He was radiating joy and happiness. Enthusiasm was radiating from her.

radiate verb (SPREAD)

[I + adv/prep] to spread out in all directions from a central point: Flows of lava radiated out from the volcano's crater. Just before the breeding season, these birds radiate outwards to warmer climates.
(Definition of radiate from the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

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burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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telemarketing Meaning in Cambridge English Dictionary
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Meaning of "telemarketing" - English Dictionary

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telemarketingnoun [U]

uk   /ˈtel.ɪˌmɑː.kɪ.tɪŋ/  us   /-əˌmɑːr.kə.t̬ɪŋ/ US (UK telesales)
the advertising or selling of goods or services by phone
(Definition of telemarketing from the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

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burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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holdout Meaning in Cambridge Business English Dictionary
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Meaning of "holdout" - Business English Dictionary

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noun [C]
a person, organization, or country that continues to refuse to accept something that others have already accepted, despite other people trying to persuade them to: Smaller producers, who would receive less than 20% of the $1.2 billion under the settlement formula, remain holdouts.
the act of refusing to accept something: Their holdout continued as they refused to sign the contract.
(Definition of holdout from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
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by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

Read More

burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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dim adjective translate to Turkish: Cambridge Dictionary
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Translation of "dim" - English-Turkish dictionary

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/dɪm/ (dimmer, dimmest)
NOT BRIGHT not bright or clear
loş, hafif karanlık
He could hardly see her in the dim light.Darkness and becoming dark
a dim memory/recollection, etc when you can remember something slightly, but not very well
belli belirsiz hatırlama, hayal meyal hafıza
Remembering, reminding and reminders
STUPID UK informal stupid
kafasız, budala, aptal
He's nice, but a bit dim.Stupid and sillyOf unsound mind
dimly adverb
karanlık, loş bir şekilde
a dimly lit room
(Definition of dim adjective from the Cambridge Learners Dictionary English-Turkish © Cambridge University Press)
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

Read More

burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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spongy Definition in Cambridge American English Dictionary
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Definition of "spongy" - American English Dictionary

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 us   /ˈspʌn·dʒi/
soft and able to absorb a lot of liquid: The ground was damp and spongy.
Translations of “spongy”
in Chinese (Traditional) 海綿似的, 柔軟易吸水的, 濕軟的…
in Russian губчатый, пористый…
in Turkish emici…
in Chinese (Simplified) 海绵似的, 柔软易吸水的, 湿软的…
in Polish gąbczasty…
(Definition of spongy from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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If you follow a particular person on Twitter� (= a website where people can publish short remarks or pieces of information), you choose to see the messages that that person posts (= publishes) on the website.

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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

Read More

burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

Read More


text:
pizza parlour Definition in British English Dictionary
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Definition of "pizza parlour" - British English Dictionary

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pizza parlournoun [C]

UK (US pizza parlor) uk   us
a pizzeria
Translations of “pizza parlour”
in Chinese (Traditional) 比薩餅店…
in Chinese (Simplified) 比萨饼店…
(Definition of pizza parlour from the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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If you follow a particular person on Twitter� (= a website where people can publish short remarks or pieces of information), you choose to see the messages that that person posts (= publishes) on the website.

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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

Read More

burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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text:
Best matches, sorted by the Matches.

1-7 of 7 possibilities

personification of the sky or upper air breathed by the Olympians; son of Erebus and night or of Chaos and darkness Aether
word for chaos or fiasco borrowed from modern Hebrew (where it is a loan word from Russian) balagan
chaos and disorder Chinese fire drill
radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard; intended to eliminate counterrevolutionary elements in the government it resulted in purges of the intellectuals and socioeconomic chaos Cultural Revolution , Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(Greek mythology) Greek god of darkness who dwelt in the underworld; son of Chaos; brother of Nox; father of Aether and Day Erebus
chaos and confusion mayhem
(Greek mythology) Greek goddess of the night; daughter of Chaos; counterpart of Roman Nox Nyx
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Wednesday, 2 November 2005

Why perform psychology experiments on rats?

Following readers' criticisms of the research behind the item "Phew! How rats sigh when they're relieved" (see comments under previous post), the Digest invited lead author of that research, Dr. Stefan Soltysik, to defend his study. To continue the debate, please do use the 'comments' function at the bottom of this post. First, here's what Dr. Soltysik had to say:

I am grateful for the comments addressed to some aspects of the paper: “In Rats, Sighs Correlate with Relief.” I would like to initiate a dialogue to promote mutual understanding.

First about pain experiences in experiments.

In reply to those (Karen, Freya, Richard, Dave S.) justly concerned with the use of pain in behavioural experiments, I would like to offer a few words of explanation. This explanation does not apply to many studies where excessive electric shocks are used, but does apply to a great many behavioural studies, such as this one, in which the animals are required to exhibit normal emotional states.

The expression 'tail-shock' sounds bad if one does not realize that five brief and mild pain incidents per day is the least of unpleasant experiences the rats may go through in normal life. Not only do they inflict more harm on each other in normal fighting, but the effects of bites or scratches could be much more painful, prolonged, dangerous, and even lethal. Animals trained with the use of pain, such as in this study, are spared long-lasting unpleasant experiences of hunger, thirst, low or high ambient temperature, anxiety, cutaneous itch or swellings from lice or other parasites - all of which are normal in "natural life conditions."

Both I and my co-workers regularly tried the electric shock on ourselves. It wasn’t pleasant but was certainly preferable to a rat’s bite. Our entire experiment had to be very tolerable for the rats, because they needed to learn when it was safe and when not. They wouldn’t have been able to learn to relax and feel relief if the training was more disturbing. The same intensity of shock was used on cats in previous studies and to our surprise and satisfaction, many of these cats purred and fell asleep between trials. Both our cats and rats, when handled before and after the daily session, were quiet and friendly.

If it is accepted that there is a need to study emotional states of anxiety, fear and relief, then the administration - carefully and as humanely as possible - of pain is inevitable. Pain is not an abnormal experience – some cultural attitudes not withstanding – and a total lack of it (pain deprivation) may be deleterious to normal non-exaggerated responding to it and future coping with it.

As to the question of “scientific interest” and “benefit …. for humanity” (Karen, Louise) or replacing rats with humans (Dave Stevens – you probably think of paid volunteers, but I've even received suggestions of using inmates), consider this:

First, it is interesting per se, to find common psycho-physiologic grounds between our and other animals’ behaviour and “psyche.” Second, such commonality allows us to explore new ways (treatments, drugs) for dealing with human suffering (anxieties, depressions, phobias etc.). I do not know of any other procedure or behavioural test, or physiological index, that compares anxiety and relief, which would provide 20-fold (2000%) difference in objective measurements (it is usually measured in fractions, like 35% or so). Our rats sigh approx. 25 times/hour spontaneously, less than 10/h when anxious, but more than 180/h when relieved! So, consider, if you really have experimental animals` wellbeing in mind and not just negative feeling about any animal experimentation, that far fewer animals will be required to test a new psychotropic drug or some other procedure, when measuring emotional states (using sighs instead of heart rate, blood pressure etc.) is so dramatically improved (as demonstrated by the current study). And third, why not humans? Indeed, why not? I am sure now that rats have pioneered this approach, studies of human sighing should be considered as one of many other possible steps. But, humans seem diverged from other mammals (rats?) in that they use sighs in many emotional contexts: We sigh with relief, but also for something, to somebody, with disappointment, in frustrations, when resenting, etc. etc. That complicates things, unfortunately.Our paradigm that elicits in the rat three emotions (anxiety, fear and relief) reliably within 15 seconds of each trial has undeniable simplicity. So please, try to accept the possibility that mild aversive experiences and clear-cut highly significant results will benefit both humanity (leading to the fast reliable testing of new drugs) and animals (because fewer will be needed to obtain results).

Stefan Soltysik


text:
Politics in Photography

Polipics: Mainly Snowe

Olympian Vote—for Healthcare
Debbi K. Swanson Patrick

Three weeks ago Obama is hosting a controversial slate of leaders in New York at the UN, loses a bid for the Olympics, then he’s receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, and now, an $829 billion healthcare bill is on its way to the senate. Been a heck of a few weeks.

One vote stood out in the healthcare bill passage, that of Republican Maine Senator Olympia Snowe. The more I learn about this woman, the more impressed I am. Yet what does the Huffington Post have to say about it? Well immediately below their headline about this momentous occasion, they pondered what she would WEAR for the occasion. Really?

Then I realized that this attention is an honor to a woman who has endured, overcome, and achieved much. This attention to wardrobe is a far cry than that paid to that Alaskan “rogue” who had to have the Republicans buy her a decent set of clothes. This attention is more in line with commentary on other women of note, Jackie Kennedy and Michele Obama. The comments about Ms. Snowe reflect her demeanor, her class, her composure, her fierce dedication to her work—and a collection of impressive suits that “suit” her hard-won status.

She has overcome the childhood loss of her parents and her first husband, and separation from one brother, to be the only woman selected in 2006 by Time as one of “America’s 10 Best Senators. She’s been praised for her sensitivity to her constituents and Time noted: “Because of her centrist views and eagerness to get beyond partisan point scoring, Maine Republican Olympia Snowe is in the center of every policy debate in Washington.”

And, according to Wikipedia, Snowe did not miss any of the 657 votes on the Senate floor during the 110th Congress from 2007 to 2009, one of only eight senators to do so. Govtrack.us reports she’s only missed 34 of 7701 votes since 1990. She is the fourth woman to serve on the Senate Armed Services Committee and the first to chair its seapower subcommittee, which oversees the Navy and Marine Corps. In 2001, Snowe became the first Republican woman to secure a full-term seat on the Senate Finance Committee.
Snowe was the youngest Republican woman ever elected to the United States House of Representatives; she is also the first woman to have served in both houses of a state legislature and both houses of the U.S. Congress. Additionally, she is the first Greek-American congresswoman. With her 1989 marriage to McKernan, she became the first person to simultaneously be a member of Congress and First Lady of a state. She has a strong face, serious and also joyful. She has never lost an election in 35 years.

As for the vote, no, it would’ve passed without her support. Her vote is a moral one, consistent with past votes that broke the Republican line.

This from the New York Times: “Is this bill all that I would want?” Ms. Snowe said. “Far from it. Is it all that it can be? No. But when history calls, history calls. And I happen to think that the consequences of inaction dictate the urgency of Congress to take every opportunity to demonstrate its capacity to solve the monumental issues of our time.”

Ms. Snowe’s remarks silenced the packed committee room, riveted colleagues and thrilled the White House. President Obama had sought her vote, hoping that she would break with Republican leaders and provide at least a veneer of bipartisanship to the bill, which he has declared his top domestic priority.

Mr. Obama, speaking in the Rose Garden, described the committee’s action as “a critical milestone” and declared, “We are now closer than ever before to passing health reform.” But he added: “Now is not the time to pat ourselves on the back. Now is not the time to offer ourselves congratulations. Now is the time to dig in and work even harder to get this done.”
With its vote Tuesday, the Finance Committee became the fifth — and final — Congressional panel to approve a sweeping health care bill. The action will now move to the floors of the House and the Senate, where the health care measures still face significant hurdles.

Polipics: Olym-pics–Poor Chicago

Chicago's Imagination Didn't Engage
Chicago’s Imagination Didn’t Engage

Debbi K. Swanson Patrick

Well, Chicago didn’t make it.

I’m not saying I know everything, but when they recapped the cities in the running for the 2016 Olympics, Rio de Janero was the one that captured my attention. It’s exotic. It’s romantic. The Olympics have never been held in South America. And Rio has that incredible statue of Christ the Redeemer on the mount with open arms overlooking the ocean. Then there are the beaches of Ipanema and the Copacabana, plus the sheer gorgeous landscape. Oh yeah. Some friends are celebrating their birthdays there next year and I’m contemplating joining them.

Chicago may have Oprah and once had Obama, who both made appearances at the IOC to sell the Second City. But the violence in this city, especially the recent beating of a 16-year-old, and the city’s lack of romantic image—save jazz and killer food—may have overridden the star power pleas. The photo above is gorgeous, but apparently it was speaking to the choir who already love Chicago.

I’m happy to see the Olympics are spreading out. It’s supposed to be a worldwide event and yet the games have never been played in South America? There are many countries the Olympics haven’t yet graced. Here’s a list of where the Summer Games have played. If you have pictures from any Olympics games, or some great shots of Chicago or Brazil, post them on our flickr site www.flicker/com/groups/digiphotomag

In the meantime, brush up your Portuguese. You’ve got the Vancouver Winter Games, the London Summer Games, and another Winter Games in Sochi, Russia, before Brazil. Are you going to any of them?

1896 – Athens, Greece

1900 – Paris, France

1904 – St. Louis, Missouri USA

1906 – Athens, Greece*

1908 – London, England

1912 – Stockholm, Sweden

1916 – Not held**

1920 – Antwerp, Belgium

1924 – Paris, France

1928 – Amsterdam, Holland

1932 – Los Angeles, California USA

1936 – Berlin, Germany

1940 – Not held***

1944 – Not held***

1948 – London, England

1952 – Helsinki, Finland

1956 – Melbourne, Australia

1960 – Rome, Italy

1964 – Tokyo, Japan

1968 – Mexico City, Mexico

1972 – Munich, Germany

1976 – Montreal, Canada

1980 – Moscow, Russia

1984 – Los Angeles, California USA

1988 – Seoul, South Korea

1992 – Barcelona, Spain

1996 – Atlanta, Georgia USA

2000 – Sydney, Australia

2004 – Athens, Greece

2008 – Beijing, China

2012 – London, England

2016 – Rio de Janero

*Games not recognized by the International Olympic Committee.

**Games cancelled due to World War I.

***Games cancelled due to World War II.

Polipics: Farewell Uncle Teddy

photo via Getty Images

I can’t help but be extremely sad over the loss of Ted Kennedy. I’m going to Boston in three weeks and he won’t be there. My whole life he’s been there, and now he isn’t. His spirit is, of course, in all the work that he’s done in 47 years in the Senate.

For me his loss is bringing up many of my childhood memories:  His brother JFK when I was in Mrs. Silvera’s class in Lockhurst Drive Elementary. His brother Bobby when I was in Hale Junior High. Martin Luther King at the same time. My father when I was 17. It feels like we’ve lost America’s uncle, not just the family’s. We’ve lost the man who has fought for the rights of labor, the disenfranchised, and those who have been discriminated against.

Yes, he was wise to bestow his blessings and grace upon our current president, to be sure his legacy is honored in the healthcare work that is being done today, for tomorrow. Socialist? Hardly. Giving all Americans the right to decent healthcare? Providing an expectation of a decent quality of life? Priceless. Yet everybody wants to hang the pricetag out for battering and bruising. How do you put a pricetag on humanity?

What are you thoughts on the world without Ted Kennedy?

Polipics: Targeting Protestors

photo via Andrew Sullivan/The Daily Dish (The Atlantic)

So much is going on right now. Iranian brutality. Elections in Afghanistan. Scotland releasing the only convicted Lockerbie bomber. The controversy over whether Michelle Obama should wear shorts in 106-degree heat while on vacation at the Grand Canyon. The mind spins.

Let’s focus on Iran. Great to get the tip on this disturbing use of photographs for political gain. Thanks to L.A. photographer Keith Skelton for this item from Michael David Murphy who is blogging about Andrew Sullivan’s “Daily Dish”:

“Sullivan has done substantial work covering the protests against the election in Iran. His post “Counter-Targeting the Protestors” led to a site controlled by the Iranian government, where the regime was posting candid photographs of Mousavi supporters demonstrating in the streets, and using the site as a plea to the public to help with identifications.”

They’re available here as a zip file: Wanted.zip, or in this set Wanted in Iran on Flickr.

And speaking of photojournalists, I visited the Annenberg Space for Photography Saturday and learned that AP photographer Emilio Morenatti lost a foot on August 11, to a roadside bomb in Afghanistan. Videographer Andi Jatmiko, was also injured. Journalists are in danger all over the world, but they go and do and see and capture for us the horrors and magical moments they see every day—and pay a price for it.

You can see much of Morenatti’s artful work on the Denver Post site. And, of course, get to the Annenberg to see the current exhibit of the Photos of the Year International (POYi) voted on by the Missouri School of Journalism. The website has about 77 of the exhibit’s photos on view. About 45,000 pictures were submitted this year.

Polipics: Which Story is the Story?

photo by ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images

Now here is the story the media should have been covering. Yes, great TV when Hillary got perturbed over misunderstanding an African’s question and thinking she was being dissed in favor of hubby Bill. That in itself is a whole discussion about whether women get the respect they deserve in politics. The real story is what’s happening to the women in the Congo. Nearly 3,500 have been raped since January in the war-torn east of DR Congo.

Here’s the official caption for this photo: A 30-year old woman lays on a bed on August 10, 2009, as she waits to go into surgery that will help her with physical problems developed after she was raped by three men belonging to an armed group almost four years ago. Doctors at the Heal Africa Clinic in Goma treat women who have been sexually abused and in the majority of the cases, due to the violent and vicious nature of the attacks develop serious physical problems. This woman is in for her ninth intervention and has lived in a transit home inside the clinic for four years. Hundreds of thousands of women have become victims of brutal rape usually perpetrated by groups of armed men who have engaged in armed conflict in the region for almost a decade and who use rape as a weapon of war.

Yes, that’s a story, old as time, and still needs to be told.

Also going on this week were the crazy healthcare protests and the confirmation of Sonia Sotomayor as a Supreme Court Justice. Did you have any political protests going on in your backyard? Are you out looking for controversies to cover? Let us know!

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