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Their freeway sign on Interstate 80 westbound at Mace Boulevard exit.

330 G Street , Suite F
Mon-Wed: 5:30pm-9pm
Thurs: 11:30am-9pm
Friday: 11:30am-10pm
Saturday: 9am-10pm
Sunday: 9am-9pm
Vaclav and Eva Burger

Reported by Wendy Weitzel in Davis Comings and Goings column: "An email this morning from Little Prague Bohemian Restaurant, announcing that Sunday will be its last day: Valued patrons: After 22 years in business Little Prague will be closing its doors for the last time this Sunday the 13th of July. This will be our final week serving dinner from 4pm-10pm each evening. We will also be open for lunch at 11:30am-3pm on Thursday and Friday as well as brunch on Saturday andSunday 7am-3pm. Friday night will also be the farewell performance of long time live act Riggity Jig. Our bar will also be open Friday and Saturday night from 6pm. We will have $4 beers until the taps run dry and $4 dollar spirits until we run out. Please show your support and share one last meal with our family. We have truly enjoyed being a part of so many first dates, proposals, weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, family gathering, and unique occasions allowing people to come together at our tables. We appreciate you all and are happy to have invited you through our doors and served you within these walls. Well wishes, Eva and Vaclav"

Sign posted in window JUNE 2014:

Coming soon:

Staff Members: Servers: Lenka, Martha, Sebastien, and Tirey Cooks: Karel and Eva Bakers: Saul

Little Prague is a Czech restaurant. Maybe you've never had Czech food before, but don't be afraid — it's just good, hearty food. The happy hour at Little Prague is a good deal, with tasty 24oz. glasses of beer for $4.00, as well as 1/2 price appetizers like potato pancakes, deep-fried cauliflower, Duck Nuggets and more. For meat lovers, Little Prague also offers an assortment of European sausages, such as Bratwurst, Bockwurst, and Rindswurst, which vary from pork to all-beef varieties (also 1/2 off during Happy Hour). Their bakery section (The Farmer's Wife) sells bread to many of our local grocers and makes wedding cakes along with the multiple varieties of cakes available every day.

The ambiance, however, isn't always so hospitable. The owner of the L.P. is considered by many of the below reviewers to be a real piece of work — rude, autocratic, and possessed of his own unique take on the 'Romantic', 'European' charms of Bohemian dining. He has been known to kick people out if you do not order enough food or such things as wrongfully accusing people of theft. Please read comments below for stories before you decide to support this owner's business. There are many other tastier, cheaper, restaurants with good service.

Little Prague is a bit pricey (it is, after all, considered an upscale restaurant by some).

It should be noted that Little Prague is actually two separate businesses, the restaurant and the bar.

The space next door which was previously occupied by the Salvation Army Thrift Store is now the Little Prague Bar, a separate business extension of Little Prague with occasional live music and near nightly DJ's. There is a small cover charge of $3.00 for DJ nights Thurs-Sat, cover charge (depending on Band and their fees when they play) for live Bands on Mondays. In 2008, they started offering free water in a big orange cooler located on the bar near the dance floor. Former to that action, their water policy was controversial.

It should also be noted that, while they do charge a minimum on credit card orders of $10, it is generally lower than any other bar in town. They also have an ATM machine which does charge a fee for some cards if you wish to avoid the minimum order. Other than that bring cash and, like any other establishment, remember to tip for your service.

The Little Prague building was originally home to the Blue and Gold diner and later the Blue Mango restaurant.

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Current Reviews

2010-03-24 19:59:29   I'm writing a review on the restaurant. It was quite pricey and the portions did not match the price. The soup that came with my meal tasted like something out of a Campbell's soup can. I ordered a dish with a pork chop, sausage, sauerkraut, and potato pancakes. It looked pretty impressive, but I was disappointed. Half of the plate was bland, and the other half was over seasoned and very salty. Maybe the kitchen staff had a bad day or maybe this type of cuisine is not for me. Service on the other hand was very attentive and friendly. My party received multiple refills on our bread. I would considering giving this place another try. —BenLee

2010-03-29 16:09:48   I am always surprised to see this restaurant is still in business. Yes, they have a wonderful patio (probably the best in town). And their cakes are good. So is their violinist who adds a very nice touch when he is there. They also have a good happy hour. But I have never thought much of their food (probably more due to the style of the cuisine than to its execution) and the owner is about the rudest person I have ever met. I for some time tried to give the restaurant a chance, but I got tired of making reservations only to then have to wait 20 minutes for my table after arriving (even when the restaurant was only partially full), all the while being pointedly ignored by the owner, then having to experience less than stellar service and mediocre food. I can put up with a lot, but an owner who shows actual contempt for his customers is too much to bear, or at least not something I like paying for. And to the extent it matters, no, I am not a college student. My bad experiences with the restaurant have been when I was in my 40s and when dressed in business-casual or better attire (not that that should make any difference in how you are treated when you are a paying customer of a restaurant). I keep hoping that this restaurant will go out of business so some better restaurant with a nicer owner can make use of its wonderful space, but it somehow keeps hanging on . . . —ToNils

2010-03-30 15:36:41   We had lunch at Little Prague today and were quite pleased. Judging from his accent, I assume that we were served by the owner. Both my wife and I had the chicken schnitzel. The portion size was perfect for me, and my wife gave me about 1/4 of hers because she had all that she wanted to eat. I've always wanted to have one of their delicious-looking desserts, but was so full from lunch or dinner that it required a return trip later.

All I can comment on is based on our experience. Some people might describe the service as slow, but I think this is more of a cultural difference and expectations set by too many corporate places. Dining is an art in Europe, and serving is considered to be a worthy profession, unlike here, where it's something that one does to get through college or until a better job comes along. Our server came back to the table to explain that he was brewing another pot of tea, after I had asked for a refill. There is even something near the front of the menu about "eating and talking slowly;" something that many Americans could do to improve themselves.

As far as the comment about being checked on too frequently, blame corporate restaurants for the strict time standards and steps of service they require of servers. Me, I'd rather not have a menu thrust at me before by butt even hits the seat. —JMLowman

2010-06-11 09:46:13   . I went there for the World Cup special. I have been to the restaurant before and enjoined their brunch. Kudos to the owner for the good idea of combining breakfast with the big screen TVs in time for the 7AM game.

Unfortunately, it was under-staffed (only the owner working) with about 25-30 customers, served lower quality food, and was over-priced. The omelette ingredients were beyond skimpy: 1 tablespoon of cheese on top (which was $2.50 extra) and nothing at all inside since they forgot the ham. Other omlettes at the table were equally flat despite the order arriving with all the ingredients ordered. I asked the owner about the cheese not being a standard ingredient, but he was either unable to understand my point or saying that their omelettes don't normally have cheese. I remembered ordering an omelette during brunch there before, so I took a glance at the restaurant menu. Cheese was included with each omelette.

The coffee was $2, which is a normal price, but then the unsolicited refill from the owner was also added to the tab for another $2. Clarification on the bar menu might be in a good idea so that people know what to expect. Water was not served or available for me to serve myself. Instead the owner had a "special" for $1 bottles of water. This was inside of a bar, but it was 7AM and everyone was eating breakfast and drinking coffee, not alcohol. Water should at least be in a large jug for us to serve ourselves.

It was a nice idea to have a place to eat breakfast and watch the early morning World Cup games, but the reality fell short. I left feeling exploited and annoyed. None of the prices on single dishes were exorbitant; it was the unexpected and relentless nickel-and-diming that did me in.—cyraemery

  • Perhaps they read your comments (or heard from others) and made changes where needed. By the time I went on 6/23, the coffee was self-serve and bottomless, and there were at least 4 servers for a full-house 7 a.m. game. Don't know if the food changed, though. —JoRo

2010-08-10 08:38:54   Went for dinner last night...the customer service was good and the staff was friendly. And while I believe the food is very overpriced, it is pretty good. The desserts are awesome! —jsbmeb

2010-08-11 11:18:42   I've never eaten here, but have been here many times at night while at the bars. I always get a weird feeling here - they're not totally friendly, and some of the staff think they're cooler than they are. They also cannot mix drinks AT ALL. The bartender didn't know that 7 referred to 7 up! We had to tell her how to make the drink, and after getting it made twice, I couldn't even drink it. If you drink here, just stick to beer. —aggie2009

  • Most likely this was not a bartender, but a waitress at the restaurant next door who helps from time to time and, on a very rare occasion, is there by herself. Very highly doubt it actually happened this way though. As for who in the bar you had an experience with that feels they are "cooler than they are" I am curious as to the details of this interaction.

2010-12-14 18:41:19   Sigh. Went here for lunch on Saturday because my husband loves it. Like I've said before, its good, but not good enough for the prices. That being said the service was good as was the food. It was a little weird when we were seated though- the owner was nice but only handed us one menu for 6 people and then he said we had to choose between the reg. menu and the special menu right then and there. He was cool though when we asked if we could order off the dinner menu...the husband loves the sausage plate. —jsbmeb

2011-02-17 20:36:14   I went there the evening of Feb. 13th for an early valentine's day dessert... MISTAAAAKE! The dessert was awful, the coffee weak and mediocre, and the price high (for the awful quality.) We ordered 2 pieces of cake to share- chocolate fudge and carrot cake. The chocolate cake was cold and hard, and tasted of freezer burn. The carrot cake didn't taste like anything and the frosting was really cheap tasting. The cost came to $19 with tax and tip. My recommendation- save your $ and go to the Nugget where the desserts are fresh and delicious and apparently have been made within the last week! —MommyScientist

2011-03-18 12:25:24   Hell hath no fury like a writer scorned. This is my review of what I anticipated was going to be a wonderful, fun St. Patrick's day at Little Prague: (I won't be back). —BevSykes

2011-05-50 21:48:29   The desserts here are amazing. The food is not so good, though we did get a steak with whipped cream on it — interesting! The one time we ate there we were sick for 3 days :( The bar has good ambiance and some of the bar tenders are really cool. Wish they had more beer options though —bobobb

2011-06-15 01:25:26   My husband and I became regulars at Little Prague about two months ago, almost instantly after moving to Davis in April 2011. The patio is gorgeous and we enjoyed the food, which isn't as great as I've had in the Czech Republic but decent for 'small college town' America. We also went to the bar often after dinner for a beer or a glass of scotch. For the most part, the staff is very nice and attempts to be helpful. The owner, on occasion, seemed rude to the staff, but I never needed to interact with him so I didn't realize the extent to which he despises his customers, or perhaps only his customers of color. There are cultural issues in the Czech republic relative to the treatment of people of color these issues traveling to the United States with the immigrants though, is unacceptable in the public sphere.

On the particular night in question, my husband, a friend and I went to the bar, we ordered a beer and a glass of wine and paid for them. We decided to order another round, and my husband went to the bar and ordered a beer and left the tab open this time. Since we frequent the bar often (about once a week or more) the staff knows us well, my husband routinely leaves the tab open and I order on his tab or close it as necessary. After my husband finished his beer, I went in to order another beer and close the tab. The bartender I was ordering with was busy and I would have preferred to wait for her, because the owner seems so contemptuous. Unfortunately the owner spotted me at the bar and engaged me in conversation, he started starring at me and said, "Well are you going to order something”. His tone was dismissive and aggressive at the same time, and he was looking at the men at the bar instead of looking at me while he spoke, trying to engage them in what was becoming a confrontation, rather than a conversation. I attempted to pronounce the name of the Czech beer, which may not have been perfect. Of course the owner himself has a horrendous accent while speaking English, but that isn’t something we penalize people for in the free world. I told him I had a tab open and spelled the last name instead of pronouncing it, because it is a foreign name and he would not be able to understand. He became irate yet again and said, "I don't know you." I elicited the help of the bartender, whose attention I had attracted by this point, including the attention of much of those seated at the bar, who found my husband's credit card. The owner then looked at the ID and the card and said, “this isn't you, you can't sign for this man” (I had told him I'd like to close the tab and leave and did not want the beer). I then went to the patio and fetched my husband to sign for his card. My husband was told he had not spent enough money to close this tab. My husband offered to let them charge the requisite $10 on the card as he just wanted to leave the place at that point, but was told he must make another purchase. Luckily, I produced a $10 bill and was able to recover our credit card and ID and escape the dastardly place.

It really saddens me, but I will not return to this establishment again, nether will my husband who is faculty at UC Davis and he won't be holding any outings with his colleagues at this establishment. Little Prague offers mediocre food with a side of terrible service and occasionally a little bit of old fashioned Eastern European fascism circa 1933. There are plenty of fine establishments to choose form in this town, I am sad that we've spent so much of our hard earned money at this particular one.

2011-06-15 01:30:25   How sad that if it wasn't for tonight this review would have been somewhat positive. I have good reason to believe that the owners of this place do not want customers who aren't their own particular ilk, whatever that may be. The food is decent, although the goulash does not compare to what i've had in the Czech republic. The sausages are good but how can you go wrong with a sausage. If you choose to visit this place, despite the fact that is is probably owned and operated by racist, anti-semitic nazis, then order the soups, they are the best thing on the menu. I have personally been run out of this place and refused service. The waiters and bartenders are not the problem, it's the management and the owner and I choose to vote with my money and never patronize this place again. —ZeeZee

2011-07-31 22:31:14   I came in today and got a piece of carrot cake. It was over $6 (which I knew before ordering so that was fine) but my boyfriend and I both found it horrible. It was way too sweet. We didn't even finish it. —JanaShute

2011-12-24 12:17:10   Little Prague Restaurant is an absolute gem. It is a bit pricey, but it’s great for something special like when guests come to town. Lenka has been our waitress numerous times, and makes great suggestions on both food and beer. The food is amazing—all the goulashes, anything with a dumpling or sausage, the beef stroganoff, chicken schnitzel—it’s Bohemian heaven if you’re into that. It was here that I learned the word “robot” was coined by a Czech—I have wowed many a person at cocktail parties with this fun fact. Someone above comments on their treatment of people of color— not everyone in my family is white, but we have been all treated really well there. Unfortunately I can’t eat most of the foods here anymore because of dietary issues, but you probably can, so go!!

2012-05-23 11:12:54   Horrible little restaurant with extremely unfriendly owners. The food is PASSABLE, but just barely. Will never return. —FoodsterDan

2012-05-30 10:53:42   Mr. Owner, Why don't you learn from these negative comments? I am a woman who was born and raised here. I am a professional not a young college student. You should be taking care of all of your patrons. Don't forget this is a college town the students here are making it possible for some of us to have jobs! Your food and desserts are decent but freshness is what we want and it is lacking in your restaurant. Your prices are too high for what you get. You try to stick it to us every chance you get. Charging for a refill of coffee! Really? I have loved the location of your restaurant and the few good meals I have had kept me coming back. The atmosphere is so uncomfortable! Why are you so rude to us? You are rude to your staff as well. We have menu's thrown in our faces and no smile. Some of your wait staff is friendly except when you are giving them nasty looks then they feel uncomfortable. Good customer service is critical! Why don't you wise up? —ashleyinthemist


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municipal Meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary
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Meaning of "municipal" - English Dictionary

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uk   us   /mjuːˈnɪs.ɪ.pəl/
C1 of or belonging to a town or city: municipal authorities municipal tennis courts municipal elections
More examples
Translations of “municipal”
in Vietnamese thuộc thành thị…
in Spanish municipal…
in Thai เกี่ยวกับเทศบาล…
in Malaysian perbandaran…
in French municipal…
in German städtisch…
in Chinese (Traditional) 市政的, 市辦的…
in Indonesian kotapraja…
in Russian муниципальный, городской…
in Turkish belediye ile ilgili, yerel yönetime ilişkin…
in Chinese (Simplified) 市政的, 市办的…
in Polish miejski, municypalny…
(Definition of municipal from the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
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July 01, 2015
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burger noun
burger noun
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a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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sharp-eyed Meaning, definition in Cambridge English Dictionary
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uk   /ˌʃɑːpˈaɪd/  us   /ˌʃɑːrp-/
very good at noticing things: A sharp-eyed secretary noticed the mistake just in time.
Translations of “sharp-eyed”
in Chinese (Traditional) 眼尖的，目光敏銳的…
in Chinese (Simplified) 眼尖的，目光敏锐的…
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

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burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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materialize translate to Turkish: Cambridge Dictionary
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verb [I] ( also UK -ise)
If something does not materialize, it does not happen.
She was promised a promotion but it never materialized.Occurring and happening
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July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
July 4th, Bastille Day, and the language of revolution.
by Liz Walter,
July 01, 2015
With America’s Independence Day on the 4th and France’s Bastille Day on the 14th, July certainly has a revolutionary theme, so this blog looks at words and phrases we use to talk about the dramatic and nation-changing events that these days celebrate. In particular, it focuses on one of the most important

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burger noun
burger noun
June 29, 2015
a menu on a computer screen comprising three short parallel horizontal lines which the user clicks to see options Definitely use a burger. You could put the settings in the burger menu too. Fix the settings to the bottom of the burger menu and use a vertically scrolling contact list that scrolls behind

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9 Replies Latest reply: Jul 1, 2009 10:23 PM by carvermon
VodkaPundit Level 1 Level 1 (0 points)
Is there any way to roll back my Apple TV to the previous firmware?

The 2.4 software has cluttered up the screen with useless information. It has, for no discernible reason, reversed the scroll direction. It has absolutely ruined how the Apple Remote works (I still can't figure out how to make the **** thing chapter-skip.)

In short, 2.4 *****.

How do I roll it back?

Mac Pro (Nehalem), Mac OS X (10.5.7)


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1 Reply Latest reply: May 17, 2012 5:06 PM by betinafromfl
Jesuscfc Level 1 Level 1 (0 points)

I use my ipod shuffle when I go to bed but Id like it to reproduce a playlist just once instead of playing it all night long? Is there any way to do this?

iPod shuffle, Windows 7


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Archive for January 6, 2008

WTF, Britain?! | UPDATE: That’s right, the BNP

[DISCLAIMER: In no way do I endorse extremist writing, the BNP, or any other parties which hold anti-Semitic, racist, fascist, neo-Nazi, or any other disgusting views which can be found on the MPACUK site and Lionheart’s site. While it is true that Lionheart has a legitimate concern about Islamic terrorism in Britain, I feel he goes too far. And while it is true that there is, for sure, hatred toward innocent Muslims in the UK, I feel the MPACUK goes too far as well. However, Lionheart is a lone blogger, MPACUK (Muslim Public Affair Committee UK) has much more influence. Check out the lead article on MPACUK’s website today. They are advocating aggressive jihad in Britain. This is a clear violation of the law under which Lionheart is being arrested.

This post is about the dangerous double-standards in Britain, and the absurd manner in which the Racial and Religious Hatred Bill is being implemented.] – 1/6/2008 4:49pm

UPDATE: Some have expressed doubts as to the extent of Lionheart’s involvement with and or support of the BNP and Nick Griffin. Well, a simple search of his blog for “BNP” should answer any questions regarding this contention. If Lionheart has removed these posts in an attempt to cover up his true feelings, don’t worry I’ve saved them to a PDF file:

konservo, 1/12/08

A blogger with the name ‘Lionheart’ is on his way back to Britain to be placed under arrest by British detectives. His crime? Allegedly violating sections 18(1) and 27(3) of a House of Commons Racial and Religious Hatred Bill. I encourage all to read it. Lionheart faces jail time for writing about Muslims on his blog. In his own words:

Who have I killed, who have I threatened to kill? No one, all I have done is written about my reality on a computer screen, and now I face going to prison in my own country for standing up for myself and others.

What has happened to those who threatened my life or who have killed my friends – NOTHING – This is British justice in the 21st Century – Shove your British Labour justice because it is worthless to the Englishman whose country this is, whose country you have destroyed.

Peruse Lionheart’s blog:

I’ll admit, he says “Moslem” where I would say Islamist. But I don’t see any misinformation from my readings so far.

Now, remember our good buddies at MPACUK? You remember…

From ThinkProgress[sic]:

Media bias against Democrats of faith.

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About Us | Help Videos | Contact Us | Subscriptions

This article in JEQ

  1. Vol. 22 No. 4, p. 811-818
    Received: Feb 14, 1992
    Published: Oct, 1993

    * Corresponding author(s):

Atrazine, Alachlor, and Metolachlor Mobility through Two Sandy Wisconsin Soils

  1. R. C. Wietersen,
  2. T. C. Daniel *,
  3. K. J. Fermanich,
  4. B. D. Girard,
  5. K. McSweeney and
  6. B. Lowery
  1. Dep. of Soil Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 57606;
    Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.

Pesticide mobility through Sparta sand from the Lower Wisconsin River Valley (LWRV) and Plainfield sand from the Central Sands (CS) of Wisconsin was examined to interpret results from state-sponsored groundwater monitoring programs and to identify fundamental mechanisms important in pesticide transport through the unsaturated zone. The mobility of 14C-labeled atrazine [2-chloro-(4-ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxym ethyl) acetamide], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] was monitored through replicated intact soil column-microlysimeters. Soil columns of Sparta sand (sandy, mixed, mesic Entic Hapludolls) from the LWRV and Plainfield sand (sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments) from the CS were instrumented in the greenhouse to simulate field conditions. All pesticides were shown to be much more mobile through the Sparta sand as compared to Plainfield sand. Peak atrazine concentration was 15 times greater in the leachate from the Sparta soil than from the Plainfield sand. Percentage loss of applied pesticide was four times greater in the leachate from the Sparta soil than from the Plainfield sand. Similar results were found for metolachlor and alachlor. The relative order of mobility for each soil was found to be atrazine > metolachlor > alachlor. Factors found to contribute to increased mobility of pesticides through the Sparta sand include higher hydraulic conductivity, smaller water-holding capacity, and less atrazine adsorption due to less organic C and clay content. The hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the upper motzone (0–20 cm) of the Sparta soil is five times faster than the Plainfield soil. The waterholding capacity and the atrazine adsorption coefficient (Kd) of the Plainfield sand were measured to be 1.6 and 1.8 times greater, respectively, than those of the Sparta soil.

Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.

  Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.

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Loughborough University
Leicestershire, UK
LE11 3TU
+44 (0)1509 263171
Loughborough University

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Loughborough University
Leicestershire, UK
LE11 3TU
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Day 2 of the Earth First! Film Fest in Florida

1 Dec
Get yer radical holiday EF! merch at the Earth First! Film Fest

Get yer radical holiday EF! merch at the Earth First! Film Fest

We have an awesome lineup of some radical, entertaining, visual awesomeness! People are coming in from all over and we already have a handful of Earth First!ies crashing in our EF! Journal office (thanks for working in the garden friends!).

So bring yerself over here to see these incredible movies on a big screen, eat food, and hangout with folks.

We also have a zine library sale, slingshot organizers, shirts, and other merch, just in time for the season of radical gift giving!

6:00pm: A Silent Forest

The film features renowned geneticist and host of PBS’ The Nature of Things David Suzuki, who explores the unknown and possibly disastrous consequences of improperly tested GE methods.

6:45pm: Crude

Three years in the making, this cinéma-vérité feature from acclaimed filmmaker Joe Berlinger (Brother’s Keeper, Paradise Lost, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster) is the epic story of one of the largest and most controversial environmental lawsuits on the planet. The inside story of the infamous “Amazon Chernobyl” case, Crude is a real-life high stakes legal drama, set against a backdrop of the environmental movement, global politics, celebrity activism, human rights advocacy, the media, multinational corporate power, and rapidly-disappearing indigenous cultures. Presenting a complex situation from multiple viewpoints, the film subverts the conventions of advocacy filmmaking, exploring a complicated situation from all angles while bringing an important story of environmental peril and human suffering into focus.

8:00pm: Who Bombed Judi Bari

On May 24 in 1990, a bomb blew up in the car of two of the most prominent Earth First! redwood activists: Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney – while they were driving through Oakland, CA on an organizing tour for Redwood Summer. The FBI and Oakland Police immediately accused the pair of carrying their own bomb and of being environmental terrorists.

9:30pm: The Big Trees

A classic Kirk Douglas film (1952) about a group of Quakers fighting to protect the ancient redwood forest where they live and worship a profit-hungry timber baron

4 Responses to “Day 2 of the Earth First! Film Fest in Florida”

  1. lori December 1, 2012 at 2:34 pm #

    I think this event sounds awesome and a wonderful way to celebrate and continue to learn from our recent past and victories, but I think this particular post comes across a tad insular in that it doesn’t even say which state the event is in or where it’s even located. Please consider this simply a friendly reminder that we all need to work to keep these things in check. New folks stumble upon websites and projects daily, and they might not be hip to the details. Or, if this was just a mistake, my apologies!

  2. Angela December 1, 2012 at 7:13 pm #

    By clicking on the other links I figured out that you are in Florida. I would love to see these films but it’s a long way from Vancouver. Do you know if they available elsewhere?

    • EF! J Collective December 3, 2012 at 2:39 pm #

      Sorry about that! Our mistake. A post from one day earlier included the location and links to all the details. This was really intended to simply be an update.

      Most. if not all, of these films can be found in DVD through an online search of the title or the groups who produced them, they may also be online for download or streaming. If there is one you are not able to locate, get back in touch and we can try to put you in touch with our source for the film.

  3. Angela December 3, 2012 at 7:47 pm #

    Thank you so much for all you do and spreading the word.

    Here are the websites for Crude:

    Who Bombed Judi Bari?

    and you can watch A Silent Forest here:

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text:
Curiosities of Literature, by Isaac Disraeli

Minute Writing.

The Iliad of Homer in a nutshell, which Pliny says that Cicero once saw, it is pretended might have been a fact, however to some it may appear impossible. Ælian notices an artist who wrote a distich in letters of gold, which he enclosed in the rind of a grain of corn.

Antiquity and modern times record many such penmen, whose glory consisted in writing in so small a hand that the writing could not be legible to the naked eye. Menage mentions, he saw whole sentences which were not perceptible to the eye without the microscope; pictures and portraits which appeared at first to be lines and scratches thrown down at random; one formed the face of the Dauphiness with the most correct resemblance. He read an Italian poem, in praise of this princess, containing some thousand verses, written by an officer, in a space of a foot and a half. This species of curious idleness has not been lost in our own country, where this minute writing has equalled any on record. Peter Bales, a celebrated caligrapher in the reign of Elizabeth, astonished the eyes of beholders by showing them what they could not see; for in the Harleian MSS. 530, we have a narrative of “a rare piece of work brought to pass by Peter Bales, an Englishman, and a clerk of the chancery;” it seems by the description to have been the whole Bible “in an English walnut no bigger than a hen’s egg. The nut holdeth the book: there are as many leaves in his little book as the great Bible, and he hath written as much in one of his little leaves as a great leaf of the Bible.” We are told that this wonderfully unreadable copy of the Bible was “seen by many thousands.” There is a drawing of the head of Charles I. in the library of St. John’s College, at Oxford, wholly composed of minute written characters, which, at a small distance, resemble the lines of an engraving. The lines of the head, and the ruff, are said to contain the book of Psalms, the Creed, and the Lord’s Prayer. In the British Museum we find a drawing representing the portrait of Queen Anne, not much above the size of the hand. On this drawing appears a number of lines and scratches, which the librarian assures the marvelling spectator includes the entire contents of a thin folio, which on this occasion is carried in the hand.

The learned Huet asserts that, like the rest of the world, he considered as a fiction the story of that indefatigable trifler who is said to have enclosed the Iliad in a nutshell. Examining the matter more closely, he thought it possible. One day this learned man trifled half an hour in demonstrating it. A piece of vellum, about ten inches in length and eight in width, pliant and firm, can be folded up, and enclosed in the shell of a large walnut. It can hold in its breadth one line, which can contain 30 verses, and in its length 250 lines. With a crow-quill the writing can be perfect. A page of this piece of vellum will then contain 7500 verses, and the reverse as much; the whole 15,000 verses of the Iliad. And this he proved by using a piece of paper, and with a common pen. The thing is possible to be effected; and if on any occasion paper should be most excessively rare, it may be useful to know that a volume of matter may be contained in a single leaf.

Last updated Monday, December 22, 2014 at 10:49


text:
Works, by Guy de Maupassant

A Deer Park in the Provinces

It is not very long ago that an Hungarian Prince, who was in an Austrian cavalry regiment, was quartered in a wealthy Austrian garrison town. The ladies of the local aristocracy naturally did everything they could to allure the new comer, who was young, good-looking, animated and amusing, into their nets, and at last one of the ripe beauties, who was now resting there on her amorous laurels, after innumerable victories on the hot floors of Viennese society, succeeded in taking him in her toils, but only for a short time, for she had very nearly reached that limit in age where, on the man’s side, love ceases and esteem begins. But she had more sense than most women, and she recognized the fact in good time, and as she did not wish to give up the principal character which she played in society there so easily, she reflected as to what means she could employ to bind him to her in another manner. It is well known that the notorious Marchioness de Pompadour, who was one of the mistresses of Louis XV. of France, when her own charms did not suffice to fetter that changeable monarch, conceived the idea of securing the chief power in the State and in society for herself, by having a pavilion in the deer park, which belonged to her, and where Louis XV. was in the habit of hunting, fitted up with every accommodation of a harem, where she brought beautiful women and girls of all ranks of life to the arms of her royal lover.

Inspired by that historical example, the baroness began to arrange evening parties, balls, and private theatricals in the winter, and in the summer excursions into the country, and thus she gave the Prince, who at that time was still, so to say, at her feet, the opportunity of plucking fresh flowers. But even this clever expedient did not avail in the long run, for beautiful women were scarce in that provincial town, and the few which the local aristocracy could produce were not able to offer the Prince any fresh attractions, when he had made their closer acquaintance. At last, therefore, he turned his back on the highly-born Messalinas, and began to bestow marked attention on the pretty women and girls of the middle classes, either in the streets or when he was in his box at the theater.

There was one girl in particular, the daughter of a well-to-do merchant, who was supposed to be the most beautiful girl in the capital, on to whom his opera glass was constantly leveled, and whom he even followed occasionally without being noticed. But Baroness Pompadour soon got wind of this unprincely taste, and determined to do everything in her power to keep her lover and the whole nobility, which was threatened, from such an unheard-of disgrace, as an intrigue of a Prince with a girl of the middle classes, would have been in her eyes. “It is really sad,” the outraged baroness once said to me, “that in these days princes and monarchs choose their mistresses only from the stage, or even from the scum of the people. But it is the fault of our ladies themselves. They mistake their vocation! Ah! Where are those delightful times when the daughters of the first families looked upon it as an honor to become their princes’ mistresses?”

Consequently, the horror of the blue-blooded, aristocratic lady was intense when the Prince, in his usual, amiable, careless manner, suggested to her to people her deer park with girls of the lower orders.

“It is a ridiculous prejudice,” the Prince said on that occasion, “which obliges us to shut ourselves off from the other ranks, and to confine ourselves altogether to our own circle, for monotony and boredom are the inevitable consequences of it. How many honorable men of sense and education, and especially how many charming women and girls there are, who do not belong to the aristocracy, who would infuse fresh life and a new charm into our dull, listless society! I very much wish that a lady like you would make a beginning, and would give up this exclusiveness, which cannot be maintained in these days, and would enrich our circle with the charming daughters of middle class families.”

A wish of the Prince’s was as good as a command; so the baroness made a wry face, but she accommodated herself to the circumstances, and promised to invite some of the prettiest girls of the plebs to a ball in a few days. She really issued a number of invitations, and even condescended to drive to the house of each of them in person. “But I must ask one thing of you,” she said to each of the pretty girls, “and that is to come dressed as simply as possible; washing muslins will be best. The Prince dislikes all finery and ostentation and he would be very vexed with me if I were the cause of any extravagance on your part.”

The great day arrived; it was quite an event for the little town, and all classes of society were in a state of the greatest excitement. The pretty, plebeian girls, with her whom the Prince had first noticed at their head, appeared in all their innocence, in plain, washing dresses, according to the Prince’s orders, with their hair plainly dressed, and without any ornaments, except their own fresh, buxom charms. When they were all captives in the den of the proud, aristocratic lioness, the poor little mice were very much terrified when suddenly the aristocratic ladies came into the ball-room, rustling in whole oceans of silks and lace, with their haughty heads changed into so many hanging gardens of Semiramis, loaded with all the treasures of India, and radiant as the sun.

At first the poor girls looked down in shame and confusion, and Baroness Pompadour’s eyes glistened with all the joy of triumph, but her ill-natured pleasure did not last long, for the intrigue, on which the Prince’s ignoble passions were to make shipwreck, recoiled on the highly-born lady patroness of the deer park.

It was not the aristocratic ladies in their magnificent toilettes that threw the girls from the middle classes into the shade, but, on the contrary, those pretty girls in their washing dresses, and with the plain but splendid ornament of their abundant hair looked far more charming than they would have done in silk dresses with long trains, and with flowers in their hair, and the novelty and unwontedness of their appearance there allured not only the Prince, but all the other gentlemen and officers, so that the proud grand-daughters of the lions, griffins, and eagles, were quite neglected by the gentlemen, who danced almost exclusively with the pretty girls of the middle classes.

The faded lips of the baronesses and countesses uttered many a “For Shame!” but all in vain, neither was it any good for the Baroness to make up her mind that she would never again put a social medley before the Prince in her drawing-room, for he had seen through her intrigue, and gave her up altogether. Sic transit gloria mundi!

She, however, consoled herself as best she could.

Last updated Monday, December 22, 2014 at 10:53


text:
Du côté de chez Swann

Marcel Proust

A la recherche du temps perdu, Tome I

This web edition published by eBooks@Adelaide.

Last updated Wednesday, December 17, 2014 at 14:20.

To the best of our knowledge, the text of this
work is in the “Public Domain” in Australia.
HOWEVER, copyright law varies in other countries, and the work may still be under copyright in the country from which you are accessing this website. It is your responsibility to check the applicable copyright laws in your country before downloading this work.

The University of Adelaide Library
University of Adelaide
South Australia 5005

Last updated Tuesday, December 23, 2014 at 19:13


text:
SaaS and ECM

I read with interest a recent post on SaaS and ECM. Of interest is the comments around integration with existing systems meaning that SaaS would not be a route to go for companies. Is this really true? Is there not a way in which ECM can be delivered as SaaS which also enables users to integrate the solution with their systems. I guess Alan was thinking that ECM and SaaS would be delivered through an interface which users would interact with, in which case I would agree. However if we approach this another way, where the client system interacts with the ECM software through services, then there is a case that ECM does become part of the platform which they interact with, albeit hosted remotely. Of course there are numerous challenges to this approach, too many for me to answer right now. I will have a think how this would work and post back, but we do need to be more creative in the changing times to try and meet more flexible requirements, not just functional.

I’ve been busy over the past few weeks, combining project work, sales work and building up some capability within our group. Updates to this blog came low down on the priority list but I’ve got a few notes which should keep me with things to post for the next few weeks as a result of the work I’ve done.

Top of the list for me was an experience I have had with Liferay Portal. I was tasked to set up a small demo to showcase it as the content producing Portal for a back end Content and Digital Asset Management System based on Documentum. The integration became something of a crude attempt so not worth mentioning here but my experience with Liferay most certainly is.

Installation – okay so there are a few options for installation, I use Tomcat so it was a straight choice between the packaged or unpackaged version of Liferay; supported by MySQL. I elected to go for the unpackaged version as this would enable the product to run in the same container as my Documentum installation and from a management perspective decrease some of my overheads. However when getting into the installation it soon became clear why there was a packaged version! The installation procedure for the unpackaged version was lengthy and complex, and thus open to mistakes. Numerous config files were required to be updated within the Tomcat container and I could not find sample files on any of the, rather clunky, support sites/forums. After a much gnashing of teeth I actually gave up, I only wanted to see the damned thing running and to spend too long was not the most efficient use of my time. The packaged version was a breeze and was easy to switch between the native database and MySQL. We’re up and running. (I will return to the packaged version in the future but I’m going to need to sort out my tomcat installation first!)

First Steps – nice looking interface but I was a little confused on how to get really cracking. Played about with the basics before finding my way around, the documentation was not great here and a beginner’s guide to Portal Administration would be a great starter. Where I became unstuck next was in the management of pages, all the config I did appeared to be for my user account and not for general users. What I wanted was an Admin Console where I could create 3-4 sample pages with some Portlets on which would be displayed to all authenticated users; not possible during my initial investigation. Anyway, its a demo so what the heck, it will look right for the end product…right!?

Adding Portlets – so I’m resigned to a single account, well let’s see what these out of the box Portlets are like. First impressions are good, no wait, very good. Lots of choice of what look like mature and attractive looking Portlets. Did not like the icons used all the time and the interface looked a little awkward at times but that can be worked on. There was lots of choice in the Portlets and it was easy to change their names and customise their look and feel, for my demo I particularly like the XSLT translator. (Those in the Documentum know will get this, WebPublisher is great at spitting out XML and XSLT, putting these in the right places means I’m a big step towards a demo acceptable solution!)

Journal Content – further investigation show that Liferay has its own embedded Content Management solution, known as the Journal. There are a few Portlets for this, some to assist in the management of content within the Journal and others for the presentation of content. The simple management of HTML content was more than enough to get me going, however wouldn’t it be great if the content I author and manage in the Documentum could be pushed into this store for the publication out through the Portal. Next task is to fid the damned content, nothing stored on the file system but a quick check in the MySQL catalog finds the approriate table, although I did not look too hard there seemed to be little documentation on this structure and how to interact with it….I certainly did not find an API to interact with it. The HTML is stored within the database, as text. Things are looking better, simple publication from the more advanced Documentum store into the Liferay Journal store looks to be answer to my question. if only things were this simple. With a lack of documentation and an increasing focus on other parts of the demo I begrudgingly consigned this idea to the ‘would like to have’ tray, possibly to be revisited in the future. XSL translation it will be for the demo.

Summary – whilst I did not fully explore the Liferay Portal the areas where I had experience were enough for me to get a reasonable picture of the product. Big question first, would I use it again…..yes, undoubtedly but I woudl approach it with great care if I was looking to do something too complex. It appears great as a simple Portal solution and as a headstart to getting a Portal up and running it would be a good choice. The biggest problem I found was the lack of useful documentation and the poor support forums. I didn’t get round to developing Portlets for the Portal so cannot comment on the ease of depoyment, but if it is as complex as deploying the Portal container itself then I’m relieved! Nice small package, not one to take on the big boys when you’re looking for those complex multifunctional Portals but if its laregly content you’re looking for then have a look at this.


text:
Need help? Check out our Support site, then

links I didn't create

  1. Some words in my blogs, example "marriage" turned blue and are now linking to an ads. I didn't create the links. I tried the unlink, but that didn't work. How do I get rid of it?

    The blog I need help with is

  2. You disable the add-on to your browser that is doing that. Lots of people are reporting similar things, and it turns out to be some browser extension they put on recently. Disable them one by one until the ads go away.

  3. I did turn off Ad Blocker so that may be part of it too. Thanks.

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text:
Cookbook:Royal Icing

From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Jump to: navigation, search
Royal Icing
Category Frosting and Icing recipes
Servings about a cup
Time just a few minutes

Cookbook | Ingredients | Recipes | Dessert

Royal Icing

  1. In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment, beat the egg whites on low until they become loose, about 1 minute.
  2. Add the cream of tartar and continue mixing on low until the whites become frothy, about 2 minutes.
  3. Gradually add the confectioners' sugar with the mixer on low.
  4. Continue to mix until the icing holds a stiff peak and is dull in appearance, about 2 minutes. The icing is ready to use for piping lines.
Flooding (filling in an icing outline)[edit]
  • Add a small amount of water to the frosting and mix until the icing reaches a looser consistency.

Tips, Notes, and Variations[edit]

  • If concerned about food borne illness, use pastuerized eggs.
  • If desired, divide the icing among smaller bowls and add coloring(s).
  • To store icing for later use:
  1. Clean the inner sides of the bowl or container to remove any drips.
  2. Place a dampened paper towel directly on the surface of the icing and then cover the bowl very tightly with plastic wrap.
  3. Refrigerate up to 5 days.


text:
From Wikinews, the free news source you can write!
Jump to: navigation, search

Friday, August 27, 2010

Apple may introduce a new iPod Touch (first generation pictured) next week.
Image: Nsy.

Apple Inc. will hold a music-centered event in San Francisco, California on September 1. It has been widely speculated that the company will introduce an updated line of iPod portable music players and a new Apple TV.

The company e-mailed invitations for the event to various media organizations on Wednesday. The message included a picture of a guitar and the time of the event. Apple did not release any information about what products would be involved.

Apple has released new iPods through previous similar events in September in anticipation of the holiday shopping season. This year, Apple may unveil a new iPod Touch with two cameras, similar to their recent iPhone 4 design. It will likely also update the iTunes music store and software.

Speculation about a new Apple TV is mixed. While many blogs are reporting that a refresh of the device will be announced, analysts say that it is unlikely to happen during next Wednesday's event. According to Reuters, sources are saying that Apple is negotiating with major television networks, including ABC and NBC, in order to provide shows for purchase on iTunes. However, they also reported that the deal has not been completed, and none of the companies involved have commented on the rumors.

It has also been rumored that Apple will introduce a new online music service. In 2009, Apple took over a company that allowed users to stream music online rather than download individual songs. Apple has not confirmed the rumors.

Last September's media event saw the return of Apple CEO Steve Jobs after he took a break to undergo a liver transplant. This year, the event will be held in San Francisco's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, previously used by Apple in April for the unveiling of the iPad.


text:
1984 FA Cup Final

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
1984 FA Cup Final
Old Wembley Stadium (external view).jpg
Event FA Cup 1983–84
Date 19 May 1984
Venue Wembley Stadium, London
Referee John Hunting (Leicester)
Attendance 100,000

The 1984 FA Cup Final was contested by Everton and Watford at Wembley. Everton won 2–0, with one goal by Graeme Sharp and a particularly memorable goal from Andy Gray. He was adjudged by many to have fouled the Watford goalkeeper Steve Sherwood by heading the ball from Sherwood's hands. Everton had reached the final seven times previously, winning in 1906, 1933 and 1966. This was Watford's first, and to date only, FA Cup Final appearance.

With the exception of Andy Gray (who had been a Football League Cup winner earlier in his career with Aston Villa and then Wolverhampton Wanderers), this was the first major honour that any of the Everton players in this match had collected. It also ended Everton's 14-year wait for a major trophy and was the first of four trophies they would win over a highly successful spell of four seasons which was arguably the most successful spell of the club's history.

The closest Watford came to scoring was inside the first three minutes when John Barnes miscued a shot on the Everton goal, while Les Taylor's 25-yard shot went wide and Mo Johnston had a narrow miss with a header.[1]

Match details[edit]

19 May 1984
15:00 BST
Everton 2–0 Watford
Sharp Goal 38'
Gray Goal 51'
Wembley, London
Attendance: 100,000
Referee: John Hunting
GK 1 Wales Neville Southall
DF 2 England Gary Stevens
DF 3 England John Bailey
DF 4 Wales Kevin Ratcliffe (c)
DF 5 England Derek Mountfield
MF 6 England Peter Reid
MF 7 England Trevor Steven
FW 8 England Adrian Heath
FW 9 Scotland Graeme Sharp
FW 10 Scotland Andy Gray
MF 11 England Kevin Richardson
DF 12 England Alan Harper
England Howard Kendall
GK 1 England Steve Sherwood
DF 2 England David Bardsley
DF 3 England Neil Price Substituted off 58'
MF 4 England Les Taylor (c)
DF 5 England Steve Terry
DF 6 England Lee Sinnott
MF 7 England Nigel Callaghan
FW 8 Scotland Mo Johnston
FW 9 Scotland George Reilly
MF 10 Wales Kenny Jackett
MF 11 England John Barnes
FW 12 England Paul Atkinson Substituted in 58'
England Graham Taylor

Match rules

  • 90 minutes
  • 30 minutes of extra-time if necessary
  • Replay if scores still level
  • One named substitute
  • Maximum of one substitution

  1. ^ [1]

External links[edit]


text:
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (novel)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
First edition
Author Betty Smith
Country United States
Language English
Publisher Harper & Brothers
Publication date
Media type Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
Pages 443 p.

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a 1943 novel written by Betty Smith. The story focuses on an impoverished but aspirational third-generation Irish-American adolescent girl and her family in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City, during the first two decades of the 20th century. The book was an immense success.

The main metaphor of the book is the hardy Tree of Heaven, native to China and Taiwan, now considered invasive, and common in the vacant lots of New York City.

The novel is split into five "books," each covering a different period in the characters' lives. Book One opens in 1912 and introduces 11-year-old Francie Nolan, who lives in the Williamsburg tenement neighborhood of Brooklyn with her 10-year-old brother Cornelius ("Neeley" for short) and their parents, Johnny and Katie. Francie relies on her imagination and her love of reading to provide a temporary escape from the poverty that defines her daily existence. The family subsists on Katie's wages from cleaning apartment buildings, pennies from the children's junk-selling and odd jobs, and Johnny's irregular earnings as a singing waiter. His alcoholism has made it difficult for him to hold a steady job, and he sees himself as a disappointment to his family as a result. Francie admires him because he is handsome, talented, emotional and sentimental, like her. Francie's mother, Katie, has very little time for sentiment, since she is the breadwinner of the family who has forsaken fantasies and dreams for survival.

Book Two jumps back to 1900, with the meeting of Johnny and Katie, the teenage children of immigrants from Ireland and Austria, respectively. Although Johnny panics when Katie becomes pregnant with first Francie and then Neeley, and begins drinking heavily, Katie resolves to give her children a better life than she has known, which her mother, Mary, embodies in the word and idea, "education." Kate also resents baby Francie because she is constantly ill, while Neeley is more robust. Kate makes a promise to herself that her daughter must never learn of her preference for Neeley. During the first seven years of their marriage, the Nolans are forced to move twice within Williamsburg, due to public disgrace brought about first by Johnny's drunkenness and subsequent delirium tremens on his "voting birthday" and then by the children's Aunt Sissy's misguided efforts at babysitting them, both of which set neighbors' tongues to talking. They arrive at the apartment introduced in Book One.

In Book Three, the Nolans settle into their new home and the children (now seven and six) begin to attend the squalid, overcrowded public school next door. Francie enjoys learning even in these dismal surroundings, and with her father's support, she gets herself transferred to a better school in a different neighborhood. Johnny's attempts to improve the children's minds fail, but Katie helps Francie grow as a person and saves her life by shooting a child-rapist/murderer who tries to attack her daughter shortly before she turns 14. When Johnny learns that Katie is pregnant once again, he falls into a depression that leads to his death from alcoholism-induced pneumonia on Christmas Day 1915. Money from the family's life insurance policies is taken by an unscrupulous undertaker. The children's after-school jobs keep the Nolans afloat in 1916 until the new baby, Annie Laurie (named after a favorite song of Johnny's), is born in May and Francie graduates from grade school in June. Graduation allows her to finally come to terms with the reality of her father’s death.

At the start of Book Four, Francie and Neeley take jobs since there is no money to send them to high school. Francie works first in an artificial-flower factory, then, after lying about her age, gets a well paying job ($15 per week) in a press clipping office. Although she wants to use her salary to start high school in the fall, Katie decides to send Neeley instead, reasoning that he will only continue learning if he is forced into it while Francie will find a way to do it on her own. Once the United States enters World War I in 1917, the clipping office rapidly declines and closes, leaving Francie out of a job. After she finds work as a teletype operator, she makes a new plan for her education, choosing to skip high school and take summer college-level courses. She passes with the help of Ben Blake, a friendly and determined high school student, but fails the college's entrance exams. A brief encounter with Lee Rhynor, a soldier about to ship out to France, leads to heartbreak after he pretends to be in love with Francie when he is in fact about to get married. In 1918, Katie accepts a marriage proposal from Michael McShane, a pipe-smoking retired police officer who has long admired Katie, and has meanwhile become a wealthy businessman and politician.

As Book Five begins in the fall of this same year, Francie, now almost 17, quits her teletype job. She is about to start classes at the University of Michigan, having passed the entrance exams with Ben's help, and is considering the possibility of a future relationship with him. The Nolans prepare for Katie's wedding and the move from their Brooklyn apartment to McShane's home, and Francie pays one last visit to some of her favorite childhood places and reflects on all the people who have come and gone in her life. She is struck by how much of Johnny's character lives on in Neeley, who has become a talented jazz/ragtime piano player. Before she leaves the apartment, she notices the Tree of Heaven that has grown and re-sprouted in the building's yard despite all efforts to destroy it, seeing in it a metaphor for her family's ability to overcome adversity and thrive. In the habits of a neighborhood girl, Florrie, she sees a version of her young self, sitting on the fire escape with a book and watching the young ladies of the neighborhood prepare for their dates. Francie says, "Hello, Francie" to Florrie, and then, "Goodbye, Francie" softly, as she closes the window.

Character List[edit]

Mary Frances "Francie" Nolan is the protagonist. The novel begins when Francie is 11 years old. The rest of the novel tells of Francie's life until she goes to college at 17. Francie grows up in Brooklyn in the early twentieth century; her family is in constant poverty throughout most of the novel. Francie shares a great admiration for her father, Johnny Nolan, and wishes for an improved relationship with her mother, hardworking Katie Nolan, recognizing similar traits in her mother and herself that she believes are a barrier to true understanding. The story of Francie traces her individual desires, affections, and hostilities while growing up in an aggressive, individualistic, romantic, and ethnic family and neighborhood; more universally it represents the hopes of immigrants in the early twentieth century to rise above poverty through their children, whom they hope will receive "education" and take their place among true Americans. Francie is symbolized by the "Tree of Heaven" that flourishes under the most unlikely urban circumstances.

Katie Rommely Nolan is Francie's mother and the youngest of her parents' four daughters. She is a second-generation immigrant with an evil father and an angelic mother who emigrated from Austria. She married Johnny Nolan when she was only 17 years old. Katie is a hardworking, practical woman whose youthful romanticism has been replaced by a frigid realism that often prevents her from sympathizing with those who love her most. She runs her home in such a way that her children are able to enjoy their childhood despite their extreme poverty. Because Johnny is an alcoholic and can rarely hold down a job, Katie becomes the family breadwinner by cleaning apartment buildings. Johnny, however, is more attuned to Francie's hopes of graduating from high school and becoming a writer. As Francie matures and develops an inclination toward academia, Katie realizes she is more devoted to Neeley than to Francie. Katie becomes pregnant just before Johnny dies and survives on her own until she agrees to marry Sergeant Michael McShane, a pipe-smoking local policeman-turned-politician.

Sissy Rommely is Katie's oldest sister and one of Francie's three aunts. Because of her parents' immigration and lack of knowledge in their new environment, Sissy never goes to school and is therefore illiterate. Sissy is kind, compassionate and beautiful, and many men fall in love with her. She is first married at 14, but after being unable to have any live children with her husband, Sissy leaves him. She marries two more times without ever getting a divorce. In between marriages, Sissy has a number of lovers. She calls each of her husbands and lovers by the name "John" until her final husband, who insists that she properly divorce her second husband and demands to be called by his own name, Steve. Sissy has ten stillborn children, but adopts an immigrant girl's baby daughter born out of wedlock and eventually gives birth to a healthy son of her own.

Johnny Nolan is Francie's father. He is a second generation immigrant from Ireland. He has a protective mother and had three brothers, all of whom died young. Johnny marries Katie Rommely at nineteen. He is charismatic, a loving husband and father, loved dearly by his family but especially by Francie. He is, however, an alcoholic. When he does hold a job, Johnny works as a singing waiter. He has a beautiful voice, a talent that is greatly admired but that is largely wasted because of his reputation as an alcoholic. After Katie tells him that she is pregnant with their third child, he stops drinking and immediately falls into a deep depression that ends with his death from alcoholism-induced pneumonia. He is a dreamer, in sharp contrast to Katie, whose view of the world is realistic.

Cornelius "Neeley" Nolan is Francie's little brother. He is a year younger than Francie and is favored by his mother, Katie. Neeley is a normal child who is more widely accepted by the neighborhood children than Francie. He shows more emotion when his father dies than Francie, who reacts to the loss by becoming even more determined to get an education and rise above her mother's limited vision. Neeley refuses to follow the tradition of Nolan men and determines to never become an alcoholic. Like Francie, he feels that their childhood was pleasant despite their poverty.

Eva "Evy" Rommely Flittman is Katie's youngest sister and Francie's other aunt, playing a role more minor than Sissy's. While considered throughout most of the novel to be in less dire circumstances than Katie, Evy struggles with her lazy husband Willie, a milk-wagon driver. When Willie suffers an injury, Evy drives the route instead and proves surprisingly good at it, treating the horses much more kindly than Willie does. At the end of the novel, he leaves her to travel as a one-man band and she carries on without a husband. When McShane gives Katie $1,000 as a wedding present, she passes $200 on to Evy - the value of Willie's life insurance policy. Unlike Sissy, Evy has had only one marriage and is not assumed to be promiscuous. She has three children, a girl (Blossom), and two boys (Paul Jones and Willie, Jr.).

Eliza Rommely is Francie's third aunt that is only mentioned once. She became a nun because of her mother's love of the Catholic church. Francie only met her once and Eliza was the reason Francie didn't want to become a nun for her facial hair.

Thomas and Mary Rommely are the parents of Sissy, Eliza, Evy, and Katie; they emigrate to America from Austria just before Sissy is born. While Thomas hates America, enjoys tormenting Mary, and forbids the speaking of English at home, Mary patiently endures her hardships and serves as a moral/practical guide for her daughters. Mary cannot read or write English, but she encourages Katie to ensure that her children learn the language, and also to begin saving money so she can buy land someday. The Rommelys' second oldest daughter, Eliza, is mentioned only briefly; she becomes a nun and joins a convent.

Flossie Gaddis is one of the Nolans' neighbors, a single woman who scares men away as she constantly looks for new relationships. She keeps her right arm covered at all times to hide scars from a childhood accident with a tub of scalding water. She has a brother, Henny, who is dying of tuberculosis.

Lee Rhynor is Francie's first love, a soldier on leave who tries to manipulate Francie into sleeping with him after he wins over her heart. When Francie refuses, he goes back to his fiancee.

Ben Blake is a boy Francie befriends during her first summer of college classes. Ben is driven and determined. While he is the object of Francie's affection at first, she feels differently after falling in love with Lee. However, at the end of the novel, Francie goes to college with a promise ring from Ben and hope of a future with him.

Although the book addresses many different issues—poverty, alcoholism, lying, etc.—its main theme is the need for tenacity: the determination to rise above difficult circumstances. Although there are naturalistic elements in the book, it is not fundamentally naturalistic. The Nolans are financially restricted by poverty yet find ways to enjoy life and satisfy their needs and wants. For example, Francie can become intoxicated just by looking at flowers. Like the Tree of Heaven, Brooklyn's inhabitants fight for the sun and air necessary to their survival.

Idealism and pragmatism are weighed and both found necessary to survival in Brooklyn. Johnny lies about his family's address in order to enable Francie to attend a better school, presenting Francie with opportunities that might not have been available to her otherwise. Sissy helps Johnny recover from alcoholic withdrawals by appealing to his libido, helping Katie and Johnny to stay together despite Johnny's disease. Katie explains love and sexuality to Francie from two somewhat clashing points of view: as a mother and as a woman. The book revises traditional notions of right and wrong and suggests pointedly that extreme poverty changes the criteria on which such notions, and those who embrace them, should be judged.

Gender roles are more fluid in A Tree than in previous novels about young people. Katie's hands grow rough as she performs physical labor while Johnny's hands remain smooth and he wears expensive clothing. Francie doesn't fully begin to realize her own femininity until she can prove useful to her mother in childbirth. As Francie discovers her desire for companionship, she begins to understand the injustices women are often forced to endure when pregnant out of wedlock.

Other issues the book addresses include:

  • Man vs. his environment
  • Education
  • Coming of age/loss of innocence
  • Family
  • Exploitation
  • Love
  • Poverty
  • The American Dream

Pop culture references[edit]

  • A Hare Grows in Manhattan is a 1947 Merrie Melodies cartoon. At the end, Bugs Bunny shows the book to a pack of menacing dogs and they turn away from him and run to Brooklyn, presumably to make use of the tree.
  • The 1947 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated short film Scent-imental Over You featuring Pepé Le Pew shows multiple dogs looking through a bookstore window displaying A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.
  • The thirteenth episode of season 2 of Batman (TV series), featuring the villain Egghead, is titled "An Egg Grows in Gotham".
  • The third episode in season 4 of Daria is named "A Tree Grows In Lawndale".
  • The 22nd episode of the first season of Ugly Betty is named "A Tree Grows in Guadalajara".
  • A Super Grover segment in Sesame Street #4224 takes place "where two trees grow in Brooklyn."
  • This is the favorite book of the character Katerina in the short story Lermontov, by Amanda Michalopoulou.
  • Jay-Z makes references to the title of the book in "Some How, Some Way" (from The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse) and "Interlude" (from The Black Album).
  • The Lifetime album Jersey's Best Dancers includes a song entitled "Francie Nolan".
  • Rapper Talib Kweli refers to A Tree Grows in Brooklyn in Blackstar's track Respiration.
  • In an episode of I Love Lucy, Lucy schemes to get her husband, Ricky, into a play she wrote called "A Tree Grows in Havana", referring to Ricky's homeland of Cuba.
  • In "Why We Fight", the ninth episode of the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers, Frank Perconte is seen reading the book while on guard duty in Germany during World War II.

See also[edit]

External links[edit]


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Arnold Gundersen

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Arnold "Arnie" Gundersen (born 4 January 1949 in Elizabeth, New Jersey[1]) is a former nuclear industry executive, and engineer with more than 44 years of nuclear industry experience who became a whistleblower in 1990. Gundersen has written dozens of expert reports for nongovernment organizations and the state of Vermont.[2] His curriculum vitae [3] shows Gundersen is a licensed Critical Facility Reactor Operator from 1971-1972.[4]

Gundersen questioned the safety of the Westinghouse AP1000, a proposed third-generation nuclear reactor and has expressed concerns about the operation of the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant. He served as an expert witness in the investigation of the Three Mile Island accident[5] and has provided commentary on the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.[6][7][8][9]

Gundersen is a graduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1971), with a B.S. cum laude and a GPA of 3.74 in nuclear engineering, holds a master's degree in nuclear engineering, and gained an Atomic Energy Commission Fellowship (1972). Gundersen has more than 40 years of nuclear power engineering experience.[clarification needed][citation needed] Gundersen holds a nuclear safety patent, was a licensed reactor operator, and is a former nuclear industry senior vice president. During his nuclear power industry career, Gundersen also managed and coordinated projects at 70 nuclear power plants in the US. [1][2][10]

From 1972 to 1976 Gundersen worked at the Northeast Utilities Service Corporation as a nuclear engineer; and from 1976 to 1979 at New York State Electric & Gas as an engineering supervisor.[1] From 1979 to 1990 Gundersen was employed at Nuclear Energy Services, a Danbury, Connecticut-based consulting firm.[1] Gundersen served as an expert witness in the investigation of the 1979 Three Mile Island accident.[5] He co-authored the DOE Decommissioning Handbook, First Edition (1981-2).[1]

In 1990 Gundersen was a senior vice president at Nuclear Energy Services when he discovered radioactive material in an accounting safe. Three weeks after notifying the company president of what he believed to be radiation safety violations, Gundersen was fired. According to the New York Times, for three years, Gundersen was "awakened by harassing phone calls in the middle of the night" and "became concerned about his family's safety". Gundersen believes he was blacklisted, harassed and fired for doing what he thought was right.[2]

While also writing numerous nuclear expert reports from 1993 to 2008, Gundersen was employed at a number of Connecticut schools teaching mathematics and physics;[1][11] in 2007 he became Mathematics Professor at Community College of Vermont.[1]

Gundersen is chief engineer of Fairewinds Associates, and on the board of directors for Fairewinds Energy Education a 501c3 non-profit organization.

“The Lessons of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident”, International Symposium on the Truth of Fukushima Nuclear Accident and the Myth of Nuclear Safety, Iwanami Shoten Publishers, University of Tokyo, Japan, August 30, 2012.

“The Echo Chamber: Regulatory Capture and the Fukushima Daiichi Disaster”, Lessons From Fukushima, February 27, 2012, Greenpeace International.

Co-author of Fukushima Daiichi: Truth And The Way Forward, Shueisha Publishing, February 17, 2012, Tokyo, Japan.

Invited chapter author for the DOE Decommissioning Handbook, First Edition, 1981-1982.

Energy Absorbing Turbine Missile Shield – U.S. Patent # 4,397,608 ¬– 8/9/1983

In April 2010, Gundersen released a report (commissioned by several nongovernment organizations[who?]) which explored a hazard associated with the possible rusting through of the AP1000 containment structure steel liner. In the AP1000 design, the liner and the concrete are separated, and if the steel rusts through, "there is no backup containment behind it" says Gundersen.[12] If the dome rusted through the design would expel radioactive contaminants and the plant "could deliver a dose of radiation to the public that is 10 times higher than the N.R.C. limit" according to Gundersen. Westinghouse has disputed Gundersen’s assessment.[12] Gundersen has testified before the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards saying that "if a hole appeared, the chimney effect would disperse radioactive material far and wide".[13]

Vermont Yankee[edit]

Gundersen has also expressed concerns about the operation of the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, saying a leak of radioactive tritium there could be "followed by releases of other, more dangerous materials if the plant keeps operating".[14]

Gundersen has said that the U.S. nuclear industry and regulators need to reexamine disaster planning and worst-case scenarios, especially in reactors such as Vermont Yankee, which have the same design as the crippled nuclear plant at the center of the 2011 Japanese Fukushima nuclear emergency. He says that Vermont Yankee and similar plants are vulnerable to a similar cascade of events as in Japan[clarification needed].[15]

As part of Fairewinds Energy Education, Gundersen has hosted numerous videos and provided updates about the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.[16][17] He was also a regular guest on media outlets such as Democracy Now and CNN discussing the issue.[6][7][18] In an interview with Al Jazeera, Gundersen referred to Fukushima as "the biggest industrial catastrophe in the history of mankind".[19]

In September 2013 Gundersen accused the Japanese government of lying in order to secure its position as host of the 2020 Olympic Games when it claimed that the disaster was under control and that there existed no health concerns. The plant, Gundersen said, "is leaking into the Pacific Ocean extensively" and that thyroid cancers, deformed fish and radioactive animals were being discovered.[20] Gundersen suggested that the contamination could be contained by building a two metre thick Zeolite wall around the reactors, which would absorb the cesium.[9]

In early October 2013, Gundersen stated that due to newly discovered leaks and impending tropical storms, the potential existed for a release of radiation 15,000 times that of Hiroshima.[8]

A weeklong series in the December 1992 Cleveland Plain Dealer entitled "Lethal Doses: Radiation That Kills" exposed the extreme medical malpractice of radiation medicine and the serial failings of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to do anything about it. Runner-up for the Pulitzer Prize in 1993, the Plain Dealer’s five-part series detailed case after case of misappropriation and sloppiness using nuclear material that led to disfigurement and death. One of the five parts held information provided by Arnie Gundersen uncovering botched inspections and cozy personal relationships between NRC inspectors and licensees. Two congressional investigations were held in response to this series in order to obtain NRC reform on the matter.

Federal regulation of medical radiation uses : Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, May 6, 1993.

Partial Hearing Transcript before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, May 6, 1993, page 22:

Committee Chairman Senator John Glenn: "... what is the NRC doing to assure that Commission employees don't engage in potential conflict of interest practices?"

NRC Chairman Selin: "... it is true. Everything Mr. Gundersen said was absolutely right; he performed quite a service...." [stating that the conflict of interest issue is ] "much more troublesome because , to be frank, it's not just a question of who was paying for the lunches, but why these people were having lunch together in the first place. I mean it was the familiarization and the fraternization that was more worrisome.... We are very concerned about this situation. We are sharpening our regulations, but in this case there is no question that the actions happened as described by the IG, people knew or should have known that they should not have done these actions............. But that is a very worrisome situation- both of fraternization with the licensees and then the well-meaning but very dangerous practice of recommending people to licensees to help them solve problems."

Presentations and Speeches[edit]

  • The Future of Energy: Is Nuclear the Solution? Invited guest speaker in debate against Dr. Jordi Roglans-Ribas (Director of Nuclear Engineering Division at Argonne National Laboratory),[21] held at Northwestern University, April 30, 2015[22][23][24]
  • Should Nuclear Energy be Expanded to Help Create a More Sustainable Future? Invited guest speaker in Debate at Hofstra University, November 20, 2014
  • Radiation Knows No Borders Invited speaker at The Wave Conference, Life Chiropractic West, San Francisco, CA, August 2, 2014.
  • Thirty-five Years and Five Meltdowns Later: The Real Lessons of Three Mile Island Keynote Speaker for Three Mile Island at 35 (TMI@35) Symposium at Penn State, Harrisburg, PA, March 28, 2014.
  • Speaking Truth to Power, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, October 22, 2013.
  • Fukushima: Ongoing Lessons for New York, 82nd Street YMCA, New York City,NY, October 8, 2013. Speakers were Arnie Gundersen, Riverkeeper President Paul Galley, Former Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan, Former NRC Chair Gregory Jaczko, Former NRC Commissioner Peter Bradford, and Ralph Nader.
  • What Did They Know And When? Fukushima Daiichi Before And After The Meltdowns, Symposium: The Medical and Ecological Consequences of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York City, NY, March 11, 2013.

  1. ^ a b c d e f g, CURRICULUM VITAE RESUME: Arnold Gundersen, Energy Advisor, February 2009
  2. ^ a b c Julie Miller (February 12, 1995). "Paying The Price For Blowing The Whistle". The New York Times.
  3. ^
  4. ^
  5. ^ a b David Case (March 14, 2011). "Nuclear expert: "50-50 chance of a catastrophic radiation" from Japan". Global Post.
  6. ^ a b Shows featuring Arnie Gundersen | Democracy Now!
  7. ^ a b "Expert talks radioactive water effects - CNN Video". CNN.
  8. ^ a b Nuclear Crisis at Fukushima Could Spew Out More Than 15,000 Times as Much Radiation as Hiroshima Bombing
  9. ^ a b Endless Fukushima catastrophe: 2020 Olympics under contamination threat — RT Op-Edge
  10. ^ Fairewinds, About Us
  11. ^ Katherine Boughton, The Litchfield County Times, 10 December 1999, The Whistleblower: Arnold Gundersen of Goshen
  12. ^ a b Matthew L. Wald. Critics Challenge Safety of New Reactor Design New York Times, April 22, 2010.
  13. ^ Wald, Matthew L. (January 31, 2011). "Disputed Reactor Design Moves Forward". The New York Times.
  14. ^ John Dillon. Nuclear Expert Says Yankee Should Shut Down VPR News, February 11, 2010.
  15. ^ John Dillon (March 15, 2011). "Nuclear expert: U.S. should review worst case scenarios". Reuters.
  16. ^ Fairewinds Videos | Fairewinds Energy Education
  17. ^ Fukushima Daiichi | Fairewinds Energy Education
  18. ^ "Japan's radiation twice as bad". CNN. 7 June 2011.
  19. ^ Fukushima: It's much worse than you think - Features - Al Jazeera English
  20. ^ Nuclear Engineer: Japan's PM "Lying to the Japanese People" About Safety of Fukushima
  21. ^
  22. ^
  23. ^
  24. ^

External links[edit]


text:
Australian Nationalist Party

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The Australian Nationalist Party was a minor Australian political party that contested the 1958 federal election. Its objectives included opposition to communism and socialisation, reducing taxes, restoring the proportion of British immigration to 75% of the total, deportation of migrants convicted of certain crimes, increasing social services, restoration of full employment, opposition to salary rises for politicians, and support for states' rights.[1]

  1. ^ Jaensch, Dean; Mathieson, David (1998). A Plague on Both Your Houses: Minor Parties in Australia. Allen & Unwin. p. 143. ISBN 1-86448-421-7.


text:
Boston Med

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Boston Med
Boston-med TV series.jpg
Genre Documentary
Theme music composer Matthew Puckett
Opening theme Everything I Want
Country of origin United States
Original language(s) English
No. of seasons 1
No. of episodes 8
Executive producer(s) Rudy Bednar
Terence Wrong
Producer(s) Erica Baumgart, Monica DelaRosa, Brian Flatley, Andy Genovese, Sarah Namias
Editor(s) Pagan Harleman, Faith Jones, Cindy Kaplan Rooney
Running time 42 minutes
Production company(s) ABC News
Original channel ABC
Original release June 24, 2010 (2010-06-24) – August 12, 2010 (2010-08-12)
Preceded by Hopkins
Followed by NY Med
External links
Production website

Boston Med is an eight-part documentary television series that premiered on ABC in the United States on June 24, 2010.[1] It follows the stories of doctors, nurses, patients and their families at Mass General, Brigham and Women's and Children's. The series was filmed over a four-month period, and edited for a year before airing. It is produced by ABC News with assistance from local ABC affiliate WCVB.

The series follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors and nurses working in three of Boston's best hospitals: Brigham & Women's, Children's Hospital Boston, and Massachusetts General Hospital.

An episode follows the doctors' and nurses' struggles with their personal life and how to save their patient.

Boston Med is scored 87 out of 100 on the review aggregator website Metacritic based on 14 critical reviews, which the site describes as "universal acclaim".[2]

The series was nominated for and won several awards:

  • 2011 Emmy for Outstanding Editing (Nominated)
  • 2012 CINE Special Jury Award
  • 2012 CINE Golden Eagle Award
  • 2012 CINE Master Series Award candidate
  • 2011 The Donate Life Hollywood Inspire Awards

  1. ^ "Two Years After the Peabody Award-Winning Medical Documentary Series "Hopkins," ABC News Debuts "Boston Med"". The Futon Critic. May 7, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  2. ^ "Boston Med". Metacritic. Retrieved 2012-07-27.

External links[edit]


text:
Derrick Norman Lehmer

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Derrick Norman Lehmer
Derrick Norman Lehmer.jpg
Born (1867-07-27)July 27, 1867
Somerset, Indiana, United States
Died September 8, 1938(1938-09-08)
Berkeley, California, United States
Education University of Nebraska
University of Chicago
Occupation Mathematician
Spouse(s) Clara Eunice Mitchell
Children Eunice (b. 1903), Helen (b. 1904), Derrick Henry (b. 1905), Stephen (b. 1906), Alice (b. 1911)
Parent(s) Derrick Fernstück Lehmer; Isabel Smith Peery

Derrick Norman Lehmer (27 July 1867 – 8 September 1938) was an American mathematician and number theorist.

He was educated at the University of Nebraska, obtaining a bachelor's degree in 1893 and master's in 1896. Lehmer was awarded his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1900 for a thesis Asymptotic Evaluation of Certain Totient-Sums under the supervision of E. H. Moore. He was appointed instructor in mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley in 1900 and married Clara Eunice Mitchell on 12 July 1900 in Decatur, Illinois. He was promoted to professor at Berkeley in 1918 and continued to teach there until retiring in 1937.

In 1903, he presented a factorization of Jevons' number (8,616,460,799) at the San Francisco Section of the American Mathematical Society, December 19, 1903.[1][2]

He published tables of prime numbers and prime factorizations, reaching 10,017,000 by 1909.[3] He developed a variety of mechanical and electro-mechanical factoring and computational devices, such as the Lehmer sieve, built with his son Derrick Henry Lehmer.

Selected works[edit]

  1. ^ Lehmer, D.N., "A Theorem in the Theory of Numbers", read before the San Francisco Section of the American Mathematical Society, December 19, 1903.
  2. ^ William Stanley Jevons had written in his Principles of Science, p. 123, "Can the reader say what two numbers multiplied together will produce the number 8616460799 ? I think it unlikely that anyone but myself will ever know." Lehmer added "I think that the number has been resolved before, but I do not know by whom."
  3. ^ Lehmer, D. N., Factor table for the first ten millions containing the smallest factor of every number not divisible by 2, 3, 5, or 7 between the limits 0 and 10017000, Carnegie institution of Washington. Publication no. 105, 1909.

  • Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the theory of numbers, Dover, 1964; chap.XX

External links[edit]


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Dhananjoy Chatterjee

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Dhananjoy Chatterjee (14 August 1965 – 14 August 2004) was born in a Bengali Hindu family in Kuludihi, West Bengal, India and worked as a security guard. He was executed by hanging for the murder (following a rape) of 18-year-old Hetal Parekh at her apartment residence in Bhowanipur on 5 March 1990. His sentence was carried out at Alipore Central Jail on 14 August 2004.[1][2]

Chatterjee, whose mercy plea was rejected on 4 August 2004, was kept at Alipore for nearly 14 years. The execution was scheduled on 25 June 2004 but it was stayed after his family petitioned the Supreme Court of India, and filed a mercy plea with the then President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. The family refused to either attend the execution or claim his body; it was later cremated.

The date of Chatterjee's execution was fixed at a high-level meeting at the office of Jail Minister Biswanath Choudhury.

This was the first hanging in West Bengal since 21 August 1991, when murder convicts, Kartik Sil and Sukumar Burman, were hanged at Alipore Jail.[3][4][5]

External links[edit]


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Districts of Japan

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Administrative divisions
of Japan
Districts of Japan. Notice that these are the remaining areas of formerly large districts, which took away portions of the original subdivisions as towns merged.

The district ( gun?) was used as an administrative unit in Japan between 1878 and 1921 and was roughly equivalent to the county of the United States, ranking at the level below prefecture and above city, town or village.[1] As of 2008, cities belong directly to prefectures and are independent from districts. In Japan, towns and villages belong to districts and the districts possess little to no administrative authority. The districts are used primarily in the Japanese addressing system and to identify the relevant geographical areas and collections of nearby towns and villages.

The district was initially called kōri and has ancient roots in Japan. Although the Nihon Shoki says they were established during the Taika Reforms, kōri was originally written 評.[2] It was not until the Taihō Code that kōri came to be written . Under the Taihō Code, the administrative unit of province ( kuni) was above district, and the village ( or sato) was below.

Confusing cases in Hokkaidō[edit]

Because district names had been unique within a single province and as of 2008 prefecture boundaries are roughly aligned to provincial boundaries, most district names are unique within their prefectures.

Hokkaidō Prefecture, however, came much later to the ritsuryō provincial system, only a few years before the prefectural system was introduced, so its eleven provinces included several districts with the same names:

See also[edit]

  1. ^ Japan Counties
  2. ^ Masashi Kinoshita 木下 正史 (2003). Fujiwara-kyō 藤原京 (in Japanese). Chūō Kōronsha. p. 64.  The discovery of thousands of mokkan wooden tablets in a buried moat around the ancient capital of Fujiwara-kyō confirmed the theory that kōri had originally been written with the character 評, and not the character 郡 that appears in the Nihon Shoki.

External links[edit]