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The 100 best novels: #10 – The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allan Poe (1838)

The Yanks are coming. Thus far, as many readers have noticed, ours has been an English list, with just one or two Irish diversions. All this, however, is about to change. Within a generation of the 1776 revolution, American writers were beginning to explore an identifiable American sensibility. Especially after the US victory over England in the war of 1812, there was a new literary self-confidence and a new sense of national identity that some have described as "literary nationalism". Writers such asWashington Irving (in his short stories Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow) and James Fenimore Cooper (in The Last of the Mohicans) had begun to pioneer American subjects in a distinctive American voice. Just as important, their work was beginning to find an audience in London and across the British Isles. Between 1830 and the end of the civil war (1865) there would be an American renaissance, mature and influential works by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and (as we shall see) Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville, among many others.

But it was Edgar Allan Poe, born 1809, who signals the beginning of what would become a great Anglo-American literary dialogue. Poe was original in ways that Irving and Fenimore Cooper never were. As well as being the first American writer to attempt living exclusively by his pen, he is also the archetype of the romantic literary artist. Henry Miller, Jack Kerouac,William S Burroughs, and even Hunter S Thompson all owe something to Edgar Allan Poe. His nomadic, boho style and tortured, exigent career continue to exercise a powerful allure on any young American writers who see themselves as outsiders. In Britain, among later Victorian writers, Wilde, Stevenson, Swinburneand Yeats all responded to his unique imagination.

First and foremost, Poe was a fearless critic of the fledgling American literary scene, so fierce in his assaults on what he considered to be inferior writing that one fellow critic complained he used prussic acid not ink. Poe was a man of extremes, who knew the highs and lows of success and failure. His poem, The Raven, was a popular sensation. Much of his other work was ignored or derided. Elsewhere, he was dismissed as a drunk, a drug addict and a derelict. When he died, in 1849, aged just 40, and unknown, on the streets of Baltimore, his fate was seen as all of a piece with his writing. Gradually, however, his genius came to be recognised. Today, his influence is crucial to the evolution of detectivefiction, science fiction and almost any tale of the macabre. Poe's imagination has also become integral to the American literary aesthetic. Both he and Melville arrived late to their posterity.

Although Poe is most celebrated for stories such as The Tell-Tale Heart and The Murders in the Rue Morgue, his only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, stands as a classic adventure story with disturbing supernatural elements that has fascinated and influenced many subsequent writers. For example, the chapter entitled The Whiteness of the Whale in Moby-Dick would have been impossible without Poe; andHenry James's The Golden Bowl owes a clear debt to Poe.

The inspiration for The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym was both modern and American. Poe got the idea from a newspaper. In February 1836, theNorfolk Beacon published a vivid account of the sinking in a storm at sea of a ship named Ariel. Here was the perfect sea story for which Poe had been on the lookout. Like many ambitious young writers, he sought both popular success and literary acclaim. After he had written a number of successful short tales, his publisher, Wesley Harper, had advised him that "readers in this country have a decided and strong preference for works (especially fiction) in which a single and connected story occupies the whole volume." Plus ça change.

Seafaring adventure was hardly new for Poe. He had already won a prize for his tale of the Flying Dutchman, MS Found in a Bottle. In the novel he began to plan, he despatched his protagonist (the rhythm of whose name suggests Edgar Allan Poe), in a whaler, the Grampus, on an extraordinary voyage to the southern seas, following (as it were) Coleridge's Ancient Mariner. But then he contrived a sequence of ever more dreadful jeopardy: mutiny, storm, shipwreck, sharks, the "exquisite horror" of cannibalism, a ghost ship, and frozen regions inhabited by savage natives. Poe had read and admired Robinson Crusoe (no 2 in this series), and had learned from Defoe's example. Indeed, the opening of Arthur Gordon Pym mirrors exactly the beginning of Crusoe, and borrows a similar authorial device. Like Defoe, Poe also ramped up "the potent magic of verisimilitude" (his own phrase) by borrowing freely from contemporary accounts of South Sea adventure.

But, because it's a novel by Poe, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym is much more than just a yarn, and is replete with existential and psychoanalytical fascination. Freud, for one, made much of its darker side. Moreover, the later part of the "narrative" explores one of Poe's recurring themes, man's unconscious desire for annihilation. Pym is not only on the brink of death, but in one chapter he actually appears as a dead man. This quasi-supernatural element infuriated many of Poe's readers on first publication, and will no doubt continue to trouble readers today.

And yet, despite or perhaps because of its strangeness, Pym's magic endures. In more popular writing, Arthur Conan Doyle, B Traven, andDavid Morrell all found a touchstone in Poe's only novel. Baudelairetranslated it. Jules Verne wrote a sequel. When Paul Theroux, who reports the story in The Old Patagonian Express (1979), read aloud from it to Jorge Luis Borges, the older writer said: "It is Poe's greatest book."

A note on the text

The beginning of Arthur Gordon Pym first appeared in serial form in some 1837 issues of the Southern Literary Messenger. For reasons that are unclear, but possibly to do with his drinking, Poe withdrew from this collaboration and continued to work on the manuscript while living in New York City. The novel was eventually published by Harper & Brothers on 30 July 1838. A British edition, from Wiley & Putnam, was published in October, the same year.

Other Poe titles: Stories: The Murders in the Rue Morgue; The Tell-Tale Heart; The Purloined Letter; The Masque of the Red Death; The Imp of the Perverse; The Pit and the Pendulum. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840), containing The Fall of the House of Usher.
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Middle and high school is a trying time for most children as they navigate the halls of life.The teenage years are full of angst, drama, and hormone induced bad decisions. To make matters worse, peers can be cruel to each other. In years past, children were able to escape torments from bullies by retreating to safe zones like the home. However, with the onslaught of social media, there is nowhere to seek sanctuary for a bullied teen.

Bullying is no stranger to social media sites. A lot of bullies prefer to harass their victims with nasty comments or rude posts. Cyberbullying is thriving on sites like Facebook and Instagram, reinforced by likes and comments.The news headlines are full of tragic stories where bullies made life so miserable for children on social sites, the victims resorted to suicide. These events leave society questioning what social media sites are doing to control cyberbullying?

Surprisingly, 70% of students have observed online bullying on a regular basis.Those shocking numbers show a need for an obligation from social media platforms to address cyberbullying. Society accepts the fact that the companies are not harassing teens or typing the texts, but they do need to confront cyberbullying head on.

It is vital that media sites stop enabling vicious attacks and try to curb abuse on their platforms. The “pile-on” mentality that these sites promote adds fuel to the fire. People are more brazen with their comments online and say things they never would face-to-face. They join the taunting bandwagon, leaving the victim isolated and alone.

Studies have indicated that 81% of adolescents agree that bullying is easier online and considering that only 1 in 10 victims will inform parents or teachers of harmful interactions, it’s time for social media to step up their methods for dealing with user safety.

According to Mia Garlick, Facebook’s Australia head of policy and communications, the “company is constantly taking responsibility for disturbing content on its site,” adding that “the safety of the site’s users is a top priority for the company”.

Facebook has created ways for users to report harassment and offensive pages on the site. The social giant includes two main strategies for combating cyberbullying. One, they developed “an improved safety center with more multimedia resources”; and two,”more social tools for reporting offensive or bullying content”.

Facebook has also started a campaign called Be Bold Stop Bullying. In Australia alone, over 3,000 users have pledged to take a stand against bullying. Their goal is to raise awareness about bullying and the impact it has on a victim’s life.

Garlick said, “the company is trying to create an environment that can lead to an anti-bullying culture through the campaign.”

Facebook’s efforts are a start, but are social media sites doing all they can?

There are no simple answers, but these social sites may need to take a closer look at registration policies when teens join the sites. Take for instance that the minimum age to join Facebook is supposed to be over 13, but ABC News has reported that 7.5 million accounts are registered to children under the age limit.

A person does have to submit a date of birth, but a lot of tweens and children fib when creating their profile. These younger users may lack the foresight and self control to properly handle the responsibility of social media. The games are fun, but the risks are frightening. Ask your child if a round of Candy Crush is really worth their well being?

Social media sites are recognizing this serious problem and are trying to update their policies on cyberbullying. However, these social platforms cannot fight alone. Parents need to be conscious of what sites their children are frequenting and start an open line of communication about the pros and cons of social media. It’s in our power to “unlike” cyberbullying and allow no place for bullying to hide.

Amy Williams is a freelance writer and mother of two in Southern California. Taking a stand against cyberbullying is something she is very passionate about. Follow her on Twitter for more!

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Founder Richard E. Schaden

The initiative of the Schaden Family Foundation is to end poverty and homelessness throughout the world, and as part of that mission, founder Richard E. Schaden created the America’s Road Home foundation in an effort to concentrate on homelessness in the United States. The organization donated $500,000 of the $1.5 million given to Mercy Housing in Colorado toward the Aromor apartments, a 66-unit supportive housing property for adults who were formerly homeless.

Aromar Apartments

The Aromar Apartments are part of Denver’s Road Home, which is a ten year plan to end homelessness, and offers affordable homes to low- and moderate-income individuals who are at risk of becoming homeless, or who demonstrate chronic homelessness. Originally built in 1927, the building was an extended-stay hotel for legislators who worked at the nearby state capital. Residents pay no more than 30 percent of their monthly income, with a minimum rent of $25, and services including case management, substance abuse or mental health counseling, as well as a computer lab are available.

Funds Use

The funds donated by the Schaden Family Foundation enabled volunteers to dress apartments for incoming residents. Shower curtains were hung, beds made, kitchen and bathroom supplies provided for the residents who would have been unable to do so on their own based on their homeless status. Even the hallways and common areas of the building benefitted from the grant from the Schaden Family Foundation, making the building seem more like a home. These small touches were planned in order to give the residents a fresh start.

About Rick Schaden

Rick Schaden is the founder of both Consumer Capital Partners, an investment group, as well as the USA Pro Cycling Challenge. Consumer Capital Partners is well-known for trying out new ideas, often with tremendous success. The firm launched Quiznos, Smashburger and Urban 24, and recently opened the first Honest Pizza franchise in Denver. Smashburger, although not the first “better burger” restaurant, was the fastest growing, while Quiznos was the first to offer toasted sandwiches. Honest Pizza offers fresh, 10-inch pizza from an 800-degree oven in two minutes. Schaden works tirelessly toward philanthropic endeavors. In addition to creating America’s Road Home, Schaden supports Millennium Promise, CARE and UNICEF, working to end homelessness. He also supports organizations such as Smart-Girl, which partners with schools to engage girls in activities that develop social economic skills, and Kent Denver, a private day school for underprivileged children.

Rick Schaden and the Schaden Family Foundation, see that ending poverty and homelessness throughout the country benefits everyone, as those individuals often need nothing more than a support and assistance to address the circumstances that have led them to become homeless. In many cases, mental health issues and substance abuse are at the root of homelessness, and by supporting agencies that not only provide a home for those less fortunate, but offer counseling services as well, the Schaden Family Foundation hopes to end the cycle of poverty and homelessness that exists in the United States. By providing a dressed, comfortable place to live at a cost they can afford, Schaden knows that those who are currently homeless can return to productive members of society.

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Friday, May 25, 2018

Post-Spring WVU Football Analysis – Defensive Backfield

With spring practice having concluded with the 2015 Gold-Blue Game in Morgantown on April 25th BlueGoldSports’ Data Analyst and Senior Writer Mark Fought breaks down each WVU football position group as Mountaineer football fans continue to endure the long days of waiting for fall practice to begin.  Today, the defensive backfield.

In a recent ESPN Big 12 Blog article (Here) highly respected ESPN Staff Writer Jake Trotter ranked West Virginia’s defensive backfield the best in the Big 12 coming out of the conference’s 2015 spring practices.  To fully appreciate that recognition it is interesting to reflect briefly on where the Mountaineer secondary has been over the past three seasons.

Dismal would be kind in describing the West Virginia defensive backfield in 2012.  The Mountaineer secondary was a primary culprit as WVU stumbled home with a 2-6 record after a 5-0 start.  That backfield set practically every all-time school record for passing defense futility.  West Virginia opponents racked up 495 points (38.1 per game) and 4,078 passing yards (313.7 per game).  Five WVU opponents went over 500 yards through the air.  Three opposing quarterbacks tallied six (6) touchdown passes amongst the total of 38 given up.  In all, the 2012 WVU defense allowed 131 more points than any other defense in school history, many of them on long passing plays.  It was a rude introduction to a new conference that had a reputation as being “pass happy.”  It was painfully clear that the type of athletes that had manned the defensive secondaries for Mountaineer teams in the Big East simply wouldn’t cut it in the school’s new conference home.  Recruiting taller, rangier, faster athletes became an immediate priority for the coaching staff.   Cornerbacks coach Daron Roberts was fired before the Pinstripe Bowl loss to Syracuse by head coach Dana Holgorsen, replaced by Brian Mitchell, who came to Morgantown after three seasons as the Defensive Coordinator at East Carolina.  Joe DeForest – the first-year Defensive Coordinator – was reassigned as Special Team Coordinator as some Mountaineer fans openly howled for his outright dismissal.  The only bright spot in the 2012 secondary was the play of true safety freshman Karl Joseph, who started all 13 games, tied for 14th nationally in solo tackles and brought a hard-hitting edge to the playing field.

Much beleaguered the year before and with nowhere to go but up in 2013 the Mountaineer pass defense did improve – ever so slightly – to 108th (of 125 teams) ( under new coordinator Keith Patterson, who moved up from his linebackers position coaching role.  There were several lapses that reminded WVU fans of the 2012 defensive backfield disaster.  Baylor torched the Mountaineer secondary for 396 yards; it could have been even worse had Baylor’s ground game not been even more potent.  Texas Tech racked up 462 aerial yards.  TCU logged 394 yards in the air.  The capper was the fourth quarter collapse in the regular season finale culminating in the Mountaineers allowing a 25-yard touchdown pass to Iowa State in overtime – among the season-high 331 yards and four (4) TDs hurled by unheralded freshman quarterback Grant Rohach – as West Virginia blew a 31-7 lead, losing 52-44 at home.  Despite the lapses, some progress was evident, particularly the play of another true freshman, cornerback Daryl Worley, who started five games and saw action in 11 of the team’s 12 contests.

After two defensive coordinators in two years Tony Gibson moved up from safeties coach to become the third consecutive new Defensive Coordinator upon Patterson’s departure to join Todd Graham at Arizona State, with DeForest taking over the safeties.  Finally, meaningful progress was evident as the Mountaineer pass defense improved to 73rd in Division 1 – not great, but far from the dumpster fires of the previous two seasons.  The defense yielded 3,006 passing yards – over 1,000 less than in 2012.  Yet another true freshman – 4-star free safety Dravon Henry – put a stranglehold on the job in fall camp and started all 13 games on his way to being named an True Freshman All-American.  Not a single second half passing touchdown was yielded by the Mountaineer defense during the regular season.

The 38 passing touchdowns in 2012 shrank to 24 in 2013 and just 14 in 2014.  The pass efficiency rating went from 92nd in 2013 to 28th in 2014.  Setting aside the statistics, the sense of most WVU fans following the 2014 season was that the defensive secondary was no longer the leaking sieve of 2012-13 and that the caliber of athletes being put on the field and their playmaking abilities were on the rise.

Could another freshman or a junior college star crack the Mountaineer secondary’s starting line-up in 2015, joining the parade of first year starters Joseph, Worley and Henry?  Can the Mountaineer secondary live up to its high expectations this fall?  Let’s look at each position in the pass defense unit coming out of spring practice.

In the Mountaineers’ 3-3-5 defensive configuration the Spur is the unique hybrid defensive back-linebacker position.  (One can think of the role as perhaps 60 percent safety and 40 percent linebacker.)  The position demands a combination of size, intelligence, patience and speed.  Often a Spur is a player whose career began as a safety but the player’s body grew since his freshman year towards more of a linebacker’s size but yet the player retained the speed of a defensive back.  The Spur is the most versatile player on a 3-3-5 defense as, on a given play, he may need to “bring the wood” and hit like a linebacker, rush the quarterback on blitz packages or drop back into pass protection (analogous to a nickel back role in an NFL defensive sense).  The Spur’s foremost responsibility is the pass; only when he reads an option or a pitch is the Spur’s primary responsibility one of run stoppage and in such situations the Spur always has responsibility for the pitch man.  The Spur often finds himself in one-on-one coverage with an inside (slot) receiver or a tight end in zone coverage on short to intermediate routes (curls, flat passes, etc.).   The Spur is usually the last line of defense on a running play before a runner breaks through the defense’s second layer and finds his way into the secondary; thus, the Spur is often the backstop of the front 6 in the 3-3-5 alignment.  Given the physical requirements of the position a Spur is more often than not an upperclassman.

In K. J. Dillon (Sr., 6’-1”, 203, Apopka, FL) WVU has a veteran player with an ideal blend of the physical and mental attributes needed to handle the Spur position.  Dillon, who survived a rather scary visit to the ICU for severe dehydration and diabetes-related issues following the Texas game in 2013 that essentially ended his season, brings 16 career starts and 35 games worth of experience to the 2015 Mountaineer squad.  He returned an interception 35 yards for a touchdown against Texas A&M in the Liberty Bowl and has 110 career tackles (80 solo, 30 assisted).  Dillon has good lateral range and athleticism, evidenced by Holgorsen trying him at punt returner in the Gold-Blue Game.  Whether that experiment transfers into fall camp remains to be seen (it likely won’t), but Dillon will be one of the veterans Gibson will depend on heavily this fall.

On Dillon’s heels this spring was Dayron Wilson (r-Sr., 5’-10”, 204, Woodbridge, VA).  Wilson lacks the ideal build for the Spur position but saw action in all 13 games and recovered a fumble against Kansas State.  Wilson was a fixture on special teams with 194 appearances.  Chasing Dillon and Wilson coming out of spring ball was Dajean Funderburk (r-Fr., 6’-1”, 192, Washington, DC).  Funderburk simply needs more time to fill out his frame to contribute significantly at the Spur position but could get some snaps early in the season before conference play kicks in.

In its recently released All-Big 12 Preseason Team Athlon named Cornerback Daryl Worley (Jr., 6’-2”, 198, Philadelphia, PA) to its first team (joining fellow Mountaineer defenders Nick Kwiatkowski and Joseph, plus specialists Josh Lambert and Nick O’Toole).  Worley is tall and fast – a good combination for a cornerback – and can flip his hips quickly, which may be a corner’s most important attribute.  He brings 4 interceptions and 9 pass break-ups (PBUs) into 2015 and has seen action in 22 games as a Mountaineer.  Worley missed spring drills recovering from shoulder surgery but presuming a full recovery he will almost certainly start at one corner.  Backing up Worley will be senior Ricky Rumph (5’-11”, 188, Daytona Beach, FL).  Rumph has appeared in 31 games – much of it on special teams.  He recorded his first career interception against Kansas State last season and had four solo tackles against the Aggies in the Liberty Bowl.  Third on the depth chart coming out of spring drills was untested Khairi Shariff (r-Jr., 5’-8”, 180), an invited walk-on from Bellaire, TX via Cisco Community College.

Opposite Worley the other cornerback slot may see some interesting developments in the fall.  Terrell Chestnut (r-Sr., 5’-11”, 188, Pottstown, PA) started 12 of 13 games in 2014 and returned a fumble 35 yards for a touchdown after stripping the ball from TCU’s Josh Doctson.  He participated in 611 of the 957 defensive plays from scrimmage (502 rushes, 455 passes) in 2014.  Chestnut was the leader to be the starter at the corner opposite Worley when spring drills ended.  Behind Chestnut was redshirt junior Nana Kyeremeh (pronounced KY-rum) (5’-11”, 190, Worthington, OH).  Kyeremeh lacks game experience, having appeared in just 4 games as a Mountaineer.  He redshirted in 2013 due to a shoulder injury suffered in August of that year.

To lock down a starting job Chestnut may need to fight off a challenge from two new additions to the roster.  Tyrek Cole (5’-11”, 180) is an incoming four-star recruit from the Miramar High School (Hollywood, FL) pipeline to Morgantown.  A one-time Florida State commit, Cole has the raw ability to potentially become the fourth freshman to start in the WVU defensive backfield in the last four years.  Cole was set to be a participant in the US Army Under Armour All American Game until a misdemeanor charge stemming from a fight with a high school classmate derailed those plans and he was suspended by Miramar coaches for a preseason game and a regular season game for violations of team rules during his senior high school season.  If Cole can keep away from off-the-field troubles he could excel on the field and could mount a serious challenge to Chestnut.

Another challenger at cornerback will be Rasul Douglas – a 6’-3”, 200-pound corner out of Nassau Community College, where he earned All-American honors.  Douglas is a coveted 4-star recruit that will have three years to play two seasons.  His addition to the roster will only further elevate the competitiveness of this position.  Cole and Douglas may well be the biggest impact players in 2015 from that year’s recruiting class.  Watch this position closely in August to see how the battle for playing time unfolds.

Barring injuries there is not a lot of suspense regarding the starting spots at both safety positions .  .  . or, is there?  Karl Joseph (Sr., 5’-11”, 197, Orlando, FL) will start at the strong safety position (also referred to as the boundary safety) and presumably Dravon Henry (So., 5’-11”, 198, Aliquippa, PA) will start at the free safety position.

Joseph has started all 38 games in which he has played since setting foot on Milan Puskar Stadium’s turf, including his first two seasons at the free safety position.  He earned numerous All Freshmen team accolades in his initial WVU campaign.  Last year Joseph moved from the free safety spot to the strong safety role, which allows him to take greater advantage of his fondness for contact, and became an All Big 12 First Team performer.  Opposing receivers cringe when Joseph is in the same zip code as he has very much earned his reputation as a fierce tackler that aggressively seeks highlight reel hits.  That characteristic may also be his biggest drawback, however, as Joseph sometimes strives to make the big hit at the expense of maintaining coverage.  Joseph will never be categorized as a great coverage safety, but refraining from a singular focus on delivering bone-crunching hits on opponents and maintaining his assigned coverage assignments will help elevate Joseph’s overall game.  Backing up Joseph will be redshirt junior Jared Harper (6’-1”, 208, Frostburg, MD).  Harper, who blocked a punt out of the end zone for a safety against Maryland last season, sat out spring drills to recover from shoulder surgery.  He has appeared in 25 games as a Mountaineer and has the height at 6’-1” to thwart “jump balls” with taller wide receivers.  He doesn’t have Joseph’s ferociousness as a hitter (who does?!) but his coverage skills are essentially equal to those of Joseph.

A free safety ideally is tall, lean (no extra weight is needed for this position to slow the player down) and, most importantly, quick.  The free safety isn’t usually a “hitter” but more of a finesse player, using technique and pursuit angles to execute the position’s responsibilities.  The free safety also requires good open field tackling skills.

The free safety is most often in a “roving” type of mode, playing the last line of defense between a ball carrier/route runner and the end zone, except in certain formations.  (In a Cover 2 formation the free safety and the strong safety essentially split the filed in half, each covering half the width of the field, i.e., whichever receiver runs an intermediate or deep route into their half of the field is who they will pick up.  In a Cover 3 formation the strong and free safeties are joined by a third safety in a 5-player backfield and they essentially split the width of the field into thirds, with the free safety playing center field.  In a man-free formation the cornerbacks and the strong safety have specific opposing player assignments and the free safety typically provides help to whichever defender is covering the deepest route running receiver.)

As noted above, Henry was the third straight freshman to latch onto a starting role in three years in the WVU secondary.  While Henry was occasionally out of position – primarily due simply to inexperience – at times last year he proved to be worth his starting role.  Henry will only get better with experience in taking the proper angles and in recognizing opposing offenses’ formations and tendencies.  Pushing Henry hard this spring was Jeremy Tyler (Jr., 5’-11”, 205, Lithonia, GA).  Tyler played in 8 games as a freshman (starting one) and appeared in all 13 games last year.  The gap between these two players narrowed during spring practice and it is certainly not a given that Henry will hold onto his starting role – not because of a drop-off from Henry but more so because of gains made by Tyler, who improved his tackling skills this spring and has about a 10-pound advantage on HenryTyler also has a superb work ethic (not that Henry doesn’t) and this could also be a very spirited battle in fall camp.

Other defensive backs on the current WVU football roster include Mark Ellis (CB, r-Fr., 5’-10”, 175, Williamstown, NJ) and Brandon Rivers (S, r-Fr., 6’-0”, 187, Hubbard, OH).

Beginning their Mountaineer careers this fall are the following incoming freshman (in addition to the aforementioned Cole):

  • Kevin Williams (3-star, CB, 6’-1”, 179, Pompano Beach, FL)
  • Kendrell McFadden (4-star, 6’-3”, 193, Hollywood, FL)
  • Jordan Adams (3-star, 6’-0”, 170, Reisterstown, MD)

In summary, the WVU defensive backfield has several veterans returning and some talented newcomers that should push the incumbents in fall camp.  Developing depth is always an issue in the defensive backfield and WVU has elevated its recruiting (note the heights of the incoming defenders above) to better compete with the Big 12 passing attacks it will routinely face on fall Saturdays.  Mountaineer fans everywhere hope that the defensive backfield’s upward trend from 2012 to 2014 continues and that the WVU defensive secondary will prove to be a position group strength for the 2015 Mountaineers.

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Sunday, October 20, 2013

Samuel Scolnicov, Euthydemus: Ethics and Language. Lecturae Platonis, 8. Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag, 2013. Pp. 179. ISBN 9783896655905. €26.00 (pb).

Reviewed by William H. F. Altman, Florianópolis, Brazil (

Version at BMCR home site

Table of Contents

This is a very odd little book. After a two-page foreword by Harold Tarrant that extols its virtues ("if there is one short volume that I must recommend ahead of the present one it is of course the Euthydemus itself") but without giving the reader any sense of what that short volume is going to turn out to be, comes an introduction (13-16) to five brief lectures by Scolnicov, the circumstances of which—where and when they were delivered, for instance, and to whom —are never explained. These lectures (17-83) are then followed by responses by Maurizio Migliori (87-100), editor of the Lecturae Platonis series of which this is the eighth, Lucia Palpacelli (101-29), author of a 2009 commentary in Italian on the Euthydemus with which Scolnicov is in dialogue (24 n.26, 42 n.66, and 67 n.108), and Dennys Garcia Xavier (131-9). The volume concludes with Scolnicov's responses to "friend Migliori" (143), "Dr. Palpacelli" (155), and finally, in the volume's last two pages (165-6), to Xavier, who is curiously called neither "friend", "Dr.", nor even "Xavier". The reader imagines that Scolnicov was invited to Italy at the behest of Migliori, but one is given no sense of whether or not the three responses were originally presented orally or in English, or whether Scolnicov responded, whether in English or Italian, to those responses at the time. There is no mention of any translators, and no "Notes on Contributors".

What makes this lack of context so remarkable is that Scolnicov's central point about the Platonic dialogue in general is that it is always rooted in "pragmatic context" (34, 36). As the best-known scholar of Plato's educational theory (155), Scolnicov emphasizes that a contextualized Socrates always addresses himself to an equally contextualized interlocutor for an ethical and pedagogical purpose. The responses of the latter, in accordance with a "triadic model of language" (45) that shatters the binary but strictly ideal equivalence between word and thing (39-43), are always only a specific character's "utterances," not binary "propositions" (32). The latter are merely decontextualized abstractions, antithetical in principle not only to "Plato's antiformalism" (70), but also to the ethical aims of Socratic pedagogy. On all this depends the link between "ethics" and "language" in the book's title (56, 68).

The Euthydemus is of particular concern to Scolnicov because the eristic brothers, themselves interchangeable, ignore Socrates' "logic of utterances" (54). Instead, the brothers treat utterances as nothing more than deracinated propositions, stripped of context and fully atomized, thereby making them immune to the revelation of self- contradiction that is the heart and soul of Socratic education (56-7 and 67-8). Plato is an anti-formalist with respect to language and indeed Socrates is a kind of Protagorean (32, 66) because it is the awareness that every utterance is the utterance of some particular person in a particular situated context—an awareness emphasized and indeed celebrated by the dialogue form itself ("true dialogue is always situational", 30) — that furnishes the dramatic substrate of Socratic pedagogy's ethical aim, i.e. to surely but always slowly (81) turn that soul to a "formative event" of "moral intuition" (82). And thanks to the idealizing implications of this intuition (82-3), Scolnicov's emphasis on context ultimately proves to be compatible—despite his provocative remarks about Socratic protagoreanism in "a non-ideal context" (41) — with traditional Platonism: he even refers to the situated individual as "the incarnate soul" (62).

Despite the dialogic element incorporated in the three responses and then his responses to them, it is really Scolnicov's book alone, and therefore additional attention must be given to each of the five lectures that constitute its core. To begin with, he introduces an interesting term in the introduction (14): "Euthydemus is a 'parasitical' dialogue, that is to say: a dialogue that presupposes some knowledge of preceding platonic dialogues." Other useful insights, including a typology of Plato's dialogues presented in the form of a table (25), arise in the first lecture called "Dialogue" (17-30); it is here that Scolnicov makes the emblematic remark (30): "true dialogue is always situational." The second lecture, "Orthoepeia (31-43), contains his reflections on language, in particular the contrast between utterance and proposition. The third lecture is entitled "Contradiction" (45-58) and Scolnicov's observations about the Parmenidean basis of "the Principle of Non-contradiction" (47-52) are fascinating, growing, as they do, out of his detailed work on Plato's Parmenides. But the fourth lecture, entitled "The soul" (59-63) is vintage Scolnicov: it is here that his lifelong concern with the theme of education comes to the fore. After this highpoint, the fifth and final lecture ("The serious and the not-serious", 71-83) was anticlimactic; in particular, I found Scolnicov's explanation of "Crito's interruption" (80-1; see also 146-7)—the true litmus test (155) of any reading of Plato's Euthydemus— disappointing. Despite the primary importance he attaches from the start to "the concrete situation" (32), he never mentions the fact that Ctesippus is in love with Clinias.

Nor is Scolnicov at his best in his responses to Migliori, Palpacelli, and Xavier; indeed one is gradually forced to wonder whether he even wrote them in English (see in particular 158-9). Grammatical and orthographical errors aside—and the book gives precious little evidence that anyone took the time to proofread it, least of all the Greek—this is not really Scolnicov's fault: none of the three responders in fact responds to his core argument, and indeed his brusque treatment of Xavier in particular is justified by the fact that the latter's pursuit of Plato's "philosophical lexicon" is truly antithetical to the book's fundamental notion of language as dialogic utterance. Palpacelli demonstrates polemical skill in her justifiable rejection of the link Scolnicov makes between Socrates and Protagoras (112-15), as well as considerable erudition in her identification of Isocrates as the anonymous frontiersman of the dialogue's closing pages (106-12); neither the one nor the other touches the core of Scolnicov's claims. But the dialogue with Migliori is indeed fascinating to read, especially because the latter's nuanced embrace of the Tübingen school (91) offers a plausible alternative to Scolnicov's somewhat self-contradictory claim that "meanings cannot be transmitted" (69), while Scolnicov's defense of "moral intuition" against Migliori's suggestion that he has succumbed to "irrationalism" (89), turns into the most interesting passage in the book (145-7). Nevertheless, my personal favorite will remain Scolnicov's perfect definition of shame just a few pages later (150): "the last residue of nous at the level of thumos."

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Despite BCB measures, lending grows at annual pace of 21% in February

Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Despite efforts by Brazilian central bank BCB to cool down inflationary risks, lending increased 21% at end-February compared with the same time last year to 1.74tn reais (US$1.06tn), according to the latest figures from BCB.

When compared with the previous month, lending increased 1.3%. Private sector loans rose 1.4% to 1.67tn reais. Lending to the industrial sector was up 1.3% to 366bn reais, while lending to the commerce sector climbed 1.5% to 174bn reais. Service-oriented loans edged up 1.3% to 296bn reais at end-February.

Barclays Capital said in a research note that "although credit expansion came in quite strong, we would not anticipate the need for market participants to be more concerned with the next steps from BCB," as it would be "naïve to believe that February data alone would be a reason for authorities to turn more aggressive on tightening [credit measures]."

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Analysts Roberto Attuch and Fabio Zagatti noted that BCB officials are acknowledging credit growth has slowed down, "especially in targeted consumer credit lines, accommodating to the macro-prudential measures, which has led to higher spreads."

Just like the previous month, the housing segment continued to show the fastest loan expansion, up 2.7% in February and 50.9% in the 12-month period, to 146bn reais.


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Hrithik is fine and recovering, Suzanne

Hrithik Roshan who is playing iconic Vijay Dinanath Chauhan in ‘Agneepath’ remake is fine and recovering, informs his better half Suzanne Roshan. Hrithik who has been working round the clock to meet deadlines hurt his back and was rushed to Mumbai Breach Candy hospital.

Suzanne has confirmed Hrithik’s health issue on facebook which reads, "Hey ya, Hrithik is fine now and recovering.. He has been shooting non-stop so thats why he was not well."

‘Agneepath’ starring Hrithik Roshan and Priyanka Chopra slated to release on January 26. In thismovie, we will get to see a new avatar of Hrithik doing heavy stunts.


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Vote for Transit

Everyday Wake County is growing by 64 people and the majority of those people are choosing to live and work in Raleigh. That influx of people is changing our city and that change is being seen and felt every day. Thus, our city has some big questions we need to answer: What does the future of transportation look like? If we do not act now, we will become Atlanta or LA, cites that are known for horrible traffic?   We need to start preparing for tomorrow by building a modern public transportation system today. This will reduce commute times and congestion on our roads, which will grow our economy and provide better options for all citizens. But new infrastructure takes time and capital.   Over the last several years mayors, citizens, university leaders, business owners and more have been gathering to discuss what our future transportation could look like. It’s a conversation I have been proud to take part in and one that I believe is crucial for our city. That’s why on election day, I am asking you to join me in voting to approve a half-cent sales tax referendum to fund transportation system and transit expansion.   Here is what the plan will do: Triple bus service in just the first few years, connecting every town in the county.  Build a frequent “Bus Rapid Transit” network in high-traffic areas that will incorporate dedicated bus lanes, level boarding platforms, and other enhanced features that improve the speed and quality of service. Create a new commuter rail line that will efficiently utilize pre-existing tracks to provide a backbone of passenger train service across the county, enabling people to completely avoid daily road traffic congestion. Learn more at   Please remember to join me in November and vote to move our county and city forward by funding this needed infrastructure.

Raleigh Parks, Recreation and Cultural Development

A few weeks ago, we held Raleigh’s first major event in Dorothea Dix Park. This is the just the start of amazing things to come for our city and this park. When I think about the great cities I have visited, they often have a large scale park that helps define them – Central Park in New York City, Boston Common in Boston and Grant Park in Chicago. Raleigh’s will be Dix Park, and it will become part of the fabric of our city and define us. That park will be managed by our city’s Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources Department. This is one of those departments that if you are not taking full advantage of their offerings, you are definitely missing out. We only have a few weeks of summer vacation left before school starts back, and it’s not too late to enjoy what Raleigh has to offer.  Here are just a few examples: -Let the kids play youth football! Children ages 7-13 are invited to play in a youth tackle football league. Register before August 31st.  -Experience nature in our city’s parks! There are a variety of evening programs that showcase nature. Adventures include family nature night at Laurel Hills Park, learn about our birds while building a bird house, and learn about protecting our planet. -Do some yoga in the park! Yoga and other fitness activities in the big field at Dix Park. -Take advantage of the arts! From pottery classes and outdoor movies to featuring arts – our city has it all.  These are just some of the many ways you can take part in the fantastic opportunities from our Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources Department. They are a great way to enjoy our city, stay active and learn something new. This month at the District E Alliance the topic will also be Parks and Rec. RSVP to attend here:

Fair and Equitable for our City Employees

All of our city employees work incredibly hard and deserve to be paid a wage that is fair and equitable. Over the past few weeks, we have heard a lot about salaries for our city employees -- in particular our fire department. I want to assure you, that appropriate salaries for city employees is something we are keeping an eye on and continuously addressing. We are working toward a solution that does not just stop at the fire department. With the budget we recently passed, we included an average salary increase of 3 to 3.5%. I realize this is just a start. The city is in the process of a pay study that will help us to determine where we fall short both across departments and in the marketplace. I have included some information about the current stage of the study below as provided to the council in July. This effort is a big undertaking for the city and one that has been needed for some time. Once complete, this will allow city staff to ensure that individuals are paid fairly across the board while remaining sustainable with the city’s budget. In addition, we will have data to compare to our peers and be able to ensure our salaries are competitive. One of the main ways to recruit, retain and support the best talent available is to pay them a wage that is supportive of the work performed. As stewards of your tax dollars, we have to be mindful and ensure that government is operating efficiently. It is far more cost effective to retain outstanding employees than to recruit and train new ones. Salaries are just one step in the retention process. After this study is complete, myself and other council members will work to ensure that all city employees are paid a living wage that is competitive both in our area and with our peers.I plan to advocate for a pay structure that guarantees a minimum wage for all our city employees that reflects the cost of living in Raleigh, ensures current employees are paid an equitable wage across city government, makes sure the best employees are supported and rewarded and all our salaries are competitive both in this region and in our peer cities. Information on the Pay Study: The city is currently in the second phase of a pay study. This study is being conducted by Gallagher Surveys - a firm that specializes in surveys surrounding compensation and human resources. The study was undertaken “to implement a compensation system that will support the city’s compensation philosophy to attract and retain employees who are committed to public service, demonstrate initiative, and are accountable for individual and team performance that provide a high level of service. The resulting compensation system will be transparent, fair, competitive, equitable, and sustainable.” Per the most recent study update to the City Council, the first phase has been completed and the second phase kicked off in late June. The initial focus of this phase is to have employees complete position description questionnaires which identifies the essential job duties, responsibilities and qualifications for every classification. These will be the basis for establishing job classifications and for making accurate comparisons to market salary survey data later in the process. The city has over 600 job classifications currently. This also included over 21 employee meetings, which included over 1,500 employees attending. Three meetings were specifically for police and three specifically for fire. In the coming months, position description questionnaires will be completed and Gallagher will draft a job classification structure. Then we will conduct a custom market survey to be completed in early September.

Mayor’s Full Statement on Proposed Community Dialogue Sessions

Text from the Raleigh Public Record: The following statement was read aloud by Mayor Nancy McFarlane at the start of the July 19, 2016 City Council afternoon session. Before we get started today, I want to take a moment to discuss recent events that are weighing heavily on my mind and I believe the minds of most others not only in our community but the nation. The events of the past few weeks — most notably in Minneapolis, Dallas, and Baton Rouge — have left us all shaken and questioning what is happening to us as a community and a country. First and foremost, our hearts and minds are with the victims of these tragedies and their families and friends during this very difficult time. Here in Raleigh, we have a diverse community that when faced with adversity in the past, have worked together to make our community and city stronger. We work to find common bonds but as we see in other areas of the country, we also struggle with issues of trust and understanding within the community. We have been working hard together to improve relationships and while we've made progress we still have work to do. Building healthy and safe communities is the enduring goal of government; this is an on-going process that requires constant nurturing and persistence. To that point, each of us has a role to play in building and maintaining a Raleigh that is healthy and safe for everyone. The City of Raleigh is preparing for a "Community Dialogue" that will help to bring together the many voices and talents in our community by generating ideas, exploring common grounds, and building relationships across the lines that help separate us as a community. The Community Dialogue will be a series of conversations aided by a professional facilitator who is a trained listener and can help inspire and advance conversation while remaining neutral. The Dialogue will take place throughout the city over the course of the next several months and will include informational sessions focused on bringing about positive change. We will announce the details for the first of the community conversations in the coming weeks. As I've said in the past, we are more alike than we are different, and while I acknowledge that these conversations may prove difficult and at times uncomfortable, I strongly believe that by working together and having an open, honest dialogue we will be building a safer, stronger Raleigh.

Short Term Rentals

The city’s current ordinance makes it illegal to offer short term rentals. The Raleigh City Council recently voted on a proposed ordinance, which would have made Airbnb type services legal. Under the proposed ordinance, residents could only rent two rooms in their home for less than 30 days, in addition to a required permit process and a 400 foot buffer, severely limiting opportunities for homeowners. In a split vote, these proposed regulations and restrictions were not adopted. These type of regulations are not the future for our city – they limit the ability of economy to adapt. We have seen it across the US, our economy is evolving. We are able to supplement our incomes through services like Airbnb and Uber. The shared economy is opening new doors and making it easier for citizens to visit new places and enjoy the ones they call home. We have seen cities shut the door on the shared economy. We can’t innovate in our city or be a home for the next great company, if we don’t accept and embrace the ability of our citizens to be entrepreneurial. This is Raleigh’s chance to be part of the future. I will continue to push for and support city ordinances that allow Raleigh to be part of the sharing economy.

Memorial Day

Memorial Day has been part of the fabric of America for almost 150 years. Originally called Decoration Day it was created to decorate the graves of those that served in the military as a way of honoring them. We continue that tradition today by observing Memorial Day.This day holds a special place for my family -- both of my grandfathers served in WWII. They fought for this country and helped to protect our Democracy. Every year, I take time to reflect with my family on their service and the service of others. More than just a start to summer, it's a chance to thank those who've served.As you head out of town or use the weekend to enjoy all that Raleigh has to offer, enjoy time with family and friends but also remember the meaning of this weekend. We wouldn’t be the country we are today without the service of women and men who keep us safe.

Stormwater Runoff

Unless you have had a problem or you work in the industry that deals with Stormwater runoff, most people do not ever think twice about it. However, it is an important part of the city’s management plan. When it rains, all the water has to go somewhere. In most cases one of two things happens – the water either soaks into the ground or is managed through stormwater runoff systems. These runoff systems allow developed areas to drain properly and usually direct through the stormwater into the city’s sewer. In general, stormwater runoff that is located within the city’s right-of-ways and on city property is the responsibility of the city. Beyond those areas, the responsibility is the private landowner. Stormwater runoff has lots of potential to cause damage. Types of damages caused by stormwater runoff include erosion, flooding, polluting our sources of water and property damage. Proper stormwater management is important because unlike sewer water it is not purified returning to streams. Instead systems are in place to remove debris, silt and nutrients to protect our waterways. As Raleigh becomes more densely populated, the need for stormwater management increases. Currently the city has 30 stormwater projects in works with another 15 already approved by the City Council. In addition, we have 33 on a waitlist. Due to these risks, the City (like the majority of all urban cities) has a nominal stormwater utility fee. This fee is used to manage the city’s runoff, stormwater sewer system, and offer grants and assistance to private property owners. This fee was created 12 years ago. The council recently approved a fee increase that would help in funding future projects and would be the first increase since the creation of the fee. Through a collaborative effort between Raleigh’s Stormwater Management Advisory Commission and Stormwater staff in alignment with the City’s Strategic Plan adopted by City Council in 2015, Raleigh recently developed a unique Integrated Stormwater Capital Improvement Projects Prioritization Model and Adaptive Implementation Plan. This new model and plan will become the primary means by which potential stormwater system improvement needs and projects across the city are identified, evaluated, prioritized, and recommended for implementation. Learn more about stormwater runoff - Learn more about the cost sharing available - Get involved --

Thank You

Last night I was reelected to the Raleigh City Council - my hometown's city council. My heart is full of gratitude for this opportunity and I just wanted to say thank you. I am honored that you once again have put your faith in me to represent you for another term and I am proud to continue serving our city.   Continue reading

Building a Sustainable City

How do we build a sustainable transportation system in a world where urban sprawl is on the rise- leading to traffic congestion, air pollution, and high economic costs? According to a recent report published by New Climate Economy, buses and bikes may be our saving grace. Continue reading

What's the Plan, Raleigh?

Any professional at the top of their game will tell you that having a plan is crucial to success. A plan will prod you into action and give you a framework to follow. Alan Lakein, an expert on time management, once stated, “Failing to plan is planning to fail.” It seems then that Raleigh has planned for success. Continue reading


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Week Ahead: Music

Jeff Bridges and the Abiders at the Lebowski Fest on April 25 in Los Angeles.
Richard Shotwell/Invision/AP
Jeff Bridges and the Abiders at the Lebowski Fest on April 25 in Los Angeles.

NEWBURYPORT RIVERFRONT MUSIC FESTIVAL WITH TOAD THE WET SPROCKET Grab that last gasp of summer as independent radio station 92.5 The River (WXRV-FM) hosts its 13th annual free event on the scenic waterfront. Among those in the lineup are acclaimed local singer-songwriter Will Dailey, Boston indie-rock-popsters Air Traffic Controller, and terrific family roots band Delta Rae. Closing out the show will be ’90s favorites Toad the Wet Sprocket, whose “Walk on the Ocean” should sound picture perfect on the water. Aug. 30. 12 p.m. Waterfront Park. Free.

JEFF BRIDGES AND THE ABIDERS The Dude comes to town not to talk about his latest role in “The Giver” but to play some music with his band, winkingly named for his catchphrase in “The Big Lebowski.” Bridges actually has released two solid solo albums, one in 2000 and another a few years back, following his Oscar-winning role as a country singer in “Crazy Heart.” Wonder if he’ll bring a rug? It could really tie the room together. Sept. 3, 8 p.m. Tickets: $40-$75. Wilbur Theatre. 800-745-3000. www.ticketmaster.comSARAH RODMAN

WILLIAM TOPLEY The enigmatic Topley tours infrequently stateside and doesn’t always make it to these parts, so this is a rare opportunity to hear his stately, resonant baritone and his distinctive Brit-take on American country, blues, folk, and other roots musics. Aug. 29, 9 p.m. Tickets: $20. Lizard Lounge, Cambridge. 800-838-3006.

RHYTHM & ROOTS FESTIVAL You might think it’s “dooks,” but up north they pronounce it “ducks.” Whichever way you go, Canadian folk fusionaires the Duhks are back to host this annual Labor Day festival. One of this year’s many attractions: a rare area appearance from Americana icon Jim Lauderdale. Aug. 29, 4 p.m., 30 and 31, 12 p.m. Tickets: $165 weekend pass, single-day passes available. Ninigret Park, Charlestown, R.I. 888-855-6940. www.rhythmandroots

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MIKE BARNETT Before taking up with the Deadly Gentlemen, Barnett spent his teenage years playing fiddle with Jesse McReynolds, Tony Trischka, and other luminaries. He’s now left the Gents for solo endeavors, and this show celebrates the first fruits of that in a new CD, “One Song Romance,” as fine a collection of progressive string-band music as you’re likely to hear this year. Sept. 3, 9:30 p.m. Tickets: $10. Lizard Lounge, Cambridge. 800-838-3006.

JOE FLETCHER & THE WRONG REASONS Joe Fletcher’s new album, “You’ve Got the Wrong Man” (out late September), is a decided changeup from his last; it’s a stripped-down affair that the singer-songwriter made alone with his guitar and a field recorder. He’ll be playing in band (specifically, trio) mode Wednesday evening. Sept. 3, 8:30 p.m. Tickets: $10. Great Scott. 800-745-3000. www.ticketmaster.comSTUART MUNRO

THE CHRISTIAN JACOB TRIO The French pianist and arranger directs jazz vocalist Tierney Sutton’s band and has worked with everyone from bebop’s Phil Woods to Broadway’s Betty Buckley. Here, his lyrical pianism comes to the fore with bassist John Lockwood and drummer Marcello Pellitteri. Aug. 28, 8:30 p.m. Tickets: $15. Ryles, 212 Hampshire St., Cambridge, 617-876-9330,

LEO BLANCO ENSEMBLE Venezuelan pianist and composer Blanco’s music is a beguiling mixture of his numerous influences, including classical, jazz, Afro-Latin, and especially the folkloric rhythms and melodies of his motherland. Aug. 29,
10 p.m. No cover. Beat Hotel, 13 Brattle St., Cambridge. 617-499-0001,

GREG ABATE & FRIENDS The marvelous multi-reedist played alto saxophone for the Ray Charles Orchestra and tenor sax with the revived Artie Shaw Orchestra. This quartet gig – with pianist Ben Cook, bassist John Lockwood, and drummer Artie Cabral – showcases his own distinctive post-bop style in a range of jazz classics and originals. Aug. 30, 8 p.m. Tickets: $15-$18. Amazing Things Arts Center, 160 Hollis St., Framingham. 508-405-2787,

COCO MONTOYA The scintillating guitarist and singer began his blues career as a drummer in the band of Albert Collins, learning guitar first-hand from that Telecaster master. He later played a decade-long stint on guitar with John Mayall. Since going out on his own, he’s become one of blues music’s most dependably exhilarating performers. Aug. 30, 8 and
10 p.m. $20-$30. Chan’s Fine Oriental Dining, 267 Main St., Woonsocket R.I. 401-765-1900,

MUSIC & MORE This Berkshires festival, in its 23d season, presents concerts in the Meeting House on the village green in New Marlborough. Next up is a visit from the musicians of Aston Magna, who will offer instrumental and vocal chamber works by Bach, Rameau, Marin Marais, and Monteverdi. Aug. 30, 4:30 p.m.

PACIFICA QUARTET The Pacifica has won well-deserved praise for its performances and recordings of the string quartets of Elliott Carter. For this weekend’s recital at the longstanding New York chamber series Maverick Concerts, it places Carter’s Quartet No. 5 and his Two Fragments in the formidable company of Beethoven’s Quartet (Op. 135) as well as Mendelssohn’s F-minor Quartet (Op. 80).
Aug. 31, 4 p.m. Maverick Concerts, Woodstock, NY. 845-679-8217,

A FAR CRY Boston’s conductorless chamber orchestra heads north to Kneisel Hall, where it performs works by Biber, Mozart, Stravinsky, and Tchaikovsky. Aug. 29, 7:30. Kneisel Hall Chamber Music School and Festival, 137 Pleasant St, Blue Hill, Maine. 207-374-2811,

CANCELED: ZZ TOP & JEFF BECK The long-bearded trio of Texas badasses team up with the British guitar hero for what should be an incendiary night of classic rock with plenty of room for the blues. Expect all the hits, Beck’s always interesting instrumental excursions, and for the trio to take the stage together at least for a few tunes. Sept. 2, 7 p.m. Tickets: $39.50-$75. Blue Hills Bank Pavilion. 800-745-3000.

Sarah Rodman


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Law sets $50 fine for T travelers who try to get free ride

Derek Bass was cited for fare evasion by undercover MBTA agents at the Park Street T Station recently.
Essdras M Suarez/Globe Staff
Derek Bass was cited for fare evasion by undercover MBTA agents at the Park Street T Station recently.

Fare evasion accounts for a relatively small slice of the MBTA’s financial woes but infuriates those who pay, as riders made abundantly clear at public hearings held about the fare increases that took effect this month.

Now, even as the Legislature provides an infusion of financial aid to help the T get through the year, lawmakers have moved to crack down on those who are taking the transit system for a ride.

Legislation signed by Governor Deval Patrick allowing the MBTA to tap a little-known surplus from motor vehicle inspection fees — and, thus, avoid even higher fare hikes — substantially increases fines for scofflaws caught trying to ride for free. It also requires them to pay up sooner.

Though the loss from fare evasion in all its forms is hard to calculate, planners estimate it may be in the tens of millions of dollars annually.

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Transit Police have devoted increasing attention to the problem, with uniformed and undercover officers writing a record 3,482 tickets last year. But most of those $15 fines went unpaid.

The tickets are noncriminal citations, similar to parking tickets, and the T’s only means of compelling payment until now has been to send a warning after one year, wait three months, and then tell the Registry of Motor Vehicles not to let offenders renew their licenses without paying.

But that was often a hollow, or at best delayed, threat. Licenses expire only every five years, and many malefactors are unlicensed or have out-of-state licenses.

That was the case with a college student from California who made a show of tearing up his citation when undercover Transit Police officers caught him last fall, while the Globe observed.

The new law makes the fine $50 for a first offense and requires payment or a request for an appeal hearing within 30 days. But the Registry remains the only real tool for compelling payment.

The Patrick administration asked the Legislature to allow the MBTA to elevate the offense to a crime if a fare evader is older than 17, ignores a citation, and lacks a Massachusetts driver’s license. Lawmakers thought that was unduly harsh but allowed the T to tack a $100 surcharge onto ignored citations. Still, it remains to be seen how the MBTA will compel payment in those cases.

Representative William M. Straus, House chairman of the Joint Committee on Transportation, said lawmakers believe that higher fines send a signal that the citations are serious, making riders think twice about sneaking through and compelling payment when caught.

“[We think] it was the low dollar amount which was the reason why a lot of people said, ‘Well, I’ll take a chance not paying this,’ ” said Straus, a Mattapoisett Democrat.

If fines continue to go unpaid, lawmakers may revisit the question of criminality, he said. “The real goal here is to stop fare evasion.”

Transit Police Chief Paul MacMillan said in a statement that he would “welcome the opportunity to work with [lawmakers] to include language that would ensure the payment of the fine for those who do not possess driver’s licenses.”

Already, the higher fines have given the department momentum in a ticketing blitz. By last week, Transit Police were on pace to eclipse last year’s record, issuing about a dozen citations a day.

But this week, officers issued 51 tickets Monday; they wrote 36 more Tuesday.

The intensified enforcement is as much about sending a message as recovering lost revenue.

 Even if all outstanding fines get paid, they would not equal the amount lost through what the T calls “fare leakage.”

The T has a budget of nearly $1.8 billion this year and expects to collect about $540 million in fares and pass sales, but it owes billions in long-term debt.

In the turnstile era, the loss through fare evasion was estimated at about 3 to 5 percent. The automated fare system eliminated some evasion, but opened the door to other forms.

Public complaints have centered largely on passengers who board through the back of Green Line trolleys without paying when all doors are opened at peak hours to let people off or ride for free when conductors do not collect all fares on crowded commuter rail trains.

But rider Paul Cravedi says more attention should be paid to another form of fare evasion: the free rides invited by the electronic gates installed at all rapid transit stations in late 2006, in anticipation of the replacement of tokens with the CharlieCard.

“It’s a joke,” Cravedi said, urging the T to crack down.

Demonstrating the ease with which the gates can be breached gratis, Cravedi paid his own way to board at the Central Square station, then illustrated at several Red Line stops what he called frequent offenses: slipping in behind someone who had just paid or who was leaving, in the beat or two before the gates closed; holding gates open and beckoning for others to follow; even waltzing through a malfunctioning gate that had failed in the open position. He did it with ease, never being stopped.

“Try and cheat in Washington, try and cheat in New York; they slam,” said Cravedi, a Watertown resident and a Newton business owner who considers the Paris Metro a paragon of impregnability, combining turnstiles with gates. “It’s like trying to get into Fort Knox,” he said.

The electronic gates came as part of $58 million the T invested six years ago in station modifications, including ripping out turnstiles and token-sales booths, to accompany the $99 million automated fare system, spokesman Joshua K. Robin said.

Jonathan R. Davis, the T’s acting general manager, defended the gates, saying that officials believe they have cut down on fare evasion.

He called the seemingly prolonged opening of the gates for each rider a safety precaution. The decision to keep gates open when they are blocked or if they fail altogether, rather than slamming on a customer or locking out riders, was also motivated by safety, Davis said.

“I don’t think it’s opened more fare evasion,” he said, adding that he believes that the gates are superior to turnstiles, which could be hopped or squeezed through.

“Do we still have fare evasion?” he asked. “Yes. I think our customers, to some extent, can be creative in the way they find opportunities to not pay the fares. But it’s just a few out there.”

Eric Moskowitz can be reached at


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What crackdown on loud bikes?

Motorcycles outside the State House during a “legislative lobby day”  by the Massachusetts Motorcycle Association in 2012.
David L Ryan/Globe Staff/File
Motorcycles outside the State House during a “legislative lobby day” by the Massachusetts Motorcycle Association in 2012.

Now, what was that topic again?

I’m sitting here in my office, looking out over leafy, lovely, peaceful Boston Common, trying to remember that seasonal subject I meant to address before summer bids us a sad goodbye.

Baaa-rooooooom. Baaa-baaa-baaa-rooooom.

Ah yes, that reminds me. Why, I’m almost glad a boorish biker came by, blasting snarls of noise from his unmuffled pipes all over the neighborhood. Nothing like an ear-splitting din to jolt your memory — at least when the subject you’ve forgotten is obnoxiously loud motorcycle pipes.

Here’s the problem: Some motorcyclists have come to believe it’s their constitutional right to bombard the rest of us with auditory assaults from their exhaust pipes. Call them on it and they’ll insist that “loud pipes save lives.” Never mind that there’s no research to support that contention. Or that respectable motorcycle groups are urging bikers to pipe down.

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The sonically sensible among us were encouraged back in 2009 when the Boston City Council passed an ordinance requiring that motorcycles operating in the city have pipes with an imprinted stamp saying they comply with EPA noise standards.

That approach is catching on around the country. The EPA compliance stamps aren’t difficult to find. Further, anyone who is motorcycle literate can tell at a glance whether pipes have baffles (that is, whether they are muffled); those lacking any baffles obviously won’t meet the federal standard. Thus it should be easy to pick which ones to stop.

So such a city statute should be a convenient tool — if, that is, a police department cares about nuisance noise.

Back when the ordinance passed, Police Commissioner Ed Davis assured me his department would enforce this quality-of-life measure.

Talk about a pipe dream! At the start of the 2011 summer motorcycling season, I filed a public records request to see how the ordinance was being enforced. Answer: It wasn’t. In two years, the police had written two tickets and one warning, all on the same October day in 2009. After that, nothing.

Now, one might think that once their less-than-lackluster effort was pointed out, an embarrassed department would have shown a little enforcement initiative. But if one thought so, one would have to think again. In early May, I filed another request, asking for any tickets or warnings that had been written pursuant to the ordinance in the last two years.

Weeks passed. Scores of unmuffled motorcycles ridden by attention-hungry throttle jockeys blasted noise around the city, startling pedestrians, interrupting conversations, intruding on outdoor events, and vexing sidewalk cafe-goers and restaurateurs.

On Aug. 9, word came back. As best the department could tell, the police have written no warnings or violations under that ordinance in the last two years.

So, just to clarify: In the four years since this easy-to-enforce ordinance has been in effect, the Boston police have written two tickets and one warning for violations.

This is responsive policing?

In four years, the Boston police have written two tickets and one warning for violations.

“I’m really frustrated,” declares City Councilor Sal LaMattina, who authored the measure because of widespread complaints from his North End constituents. “They should be enforcing it. It’s not that hard. They just have to look for the stamp.”

Mind you, I’m not suggesting that this should be a top police priority. But it wouldn’t take a huge enforcement effort to get word around that the police are serious about cracking down on loud pipes.

Contrariwise, an ordinance that isn’t enforced quickly becomes toothless. Sadly, this hasn’t even qualified as a low priority for the Menino administration; it’s been a no priority. Which is strange, because I’ve gotten enough e-mail on the subject to know that motorcycle noise pollution is something people care deeply about. And not just in Boston, but in cities and towns throughout the Commonwealth.

So what to do? LaMattina has some advice: If you are bothered by loud pipes, call the commissioner’s office and complain (617-343-4500).

I’d add this. We Bostonians now have a dozen mayoral hopefuls seeking our votes. Over the next few weeks, you will have ample chances to meet them. If you are upset about motorcycle noise, let them know. Ask for a commitment that, if elected, they will do better than Mayor Menino and Commissioner Davis at enforcing the anti-loud-pipes ordinance.

Lord knows, they couldn’t do any worse.

Scot Lehigh can be reached at lehigh@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter at @GlobeScotLehigh.


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on hockey

Sloppiness costly to the Bruins

NEW YORK — What we have here is a failure to concentrate.

Really, how else to describe it? The Bruins are headed to a Game 5 with the Rangers Saturday at TD Garden after certainly playing well enough much of Thursday night to end their second-round series with a sweep at Madison Square Garden.

They just didn’t think well enough. And now the price they’ll pay is having to work at least a little bit longer if they’re going to advance to the Stanley Cup semifinals.

“ ‘Sloppy’ is the word I used,’’ said Boston coach Claude Julien, who watched his club fall into a collective fog, blow leads of 2-0 and 3-2, and wind up 4-3 losers on a night when the Rangers never held a lead until Chris Kreider’s winner at 7:03 of overtime. “We weren’t as crisp as we were in past games.’’

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Their undoing was a near-vaudevillian concoction of the comical (Tuukka Rask slipping on an imaginary banana peel), the lackadaisical (Zdeno Chara lazily swinging out with the puck at his own net), and the numerically challenged (a too many men on the ice call that led to the 3-3 goal).

To make the night just a teeny bit more bizarre, the too many men call came from an officiating crew that included a linesman named Scott Cherrey. The most infamous too many men call in Boston history came with Don Cherry behind the Bruins’ bench.

But history, immediate or distant, was not in play Thursday night inside the World’s Most Famous Arena. Instead, it was the Bruins’ failure to deal with the present, to say focused, to close the deal. Trailing, 2-0, the Rangers were dead on Broadway in the second until Rask inexplicably, unbelievably slipped and dropped derriere-down just outside his crease midway through the second.

“Lost my balance,’’ lamented Rask, noting that such things have happened to him before a couple of times, but only in practice. “And the rest is history.’’

Until then, the Rangers had only a half-dozen shots on net for more than 28 minutes. Their 2-0 deficit might as well have been 20-0. But Rask fell, allowing a long backhand something (not really a shot) by Carl Hagelin to bang off Johnny Boychuk’s stick and find its way into the Boston goal. The lead was down to 2-1 on a goal on which the stumblefooted Rask was really the best playmaker.

Rask again was part of the play when the Rangers knotted it, 2-2, with 1:15 gone in the third. He left a puck behind his net for Chara, and the 6-foot-9-inch captain somewhat nonchalantly attempted to swing out from behind the left post (to Rask’s right). The Trencin Tower of Power was unaware that Derek Stepan had closed from behind, allowing the alert centerman to filch the puck from Chara and tuck it by a startled Rask.

“Tuukka did his job there,’’ said Julien. “Z got stripped and the guy scored, that’s all. Again, it’s a mistake. That’s OK. I mean, how many does [Chara] repair for us?’’

That’s fair. Even the likes of Bobby Orr and Ray Bourque made big boo-boos. It’s the cost of doing business when you’re asked to be the focal point of everything that happens south of your defensive blue line. Chara logged a game-high 31:52 of ice time in a game that last 67:03. He has essentially been assigned every other shift for The Duration.

Given that rate, the greater surprise is that Chara doesn’t commit more mistakes. The larger truth is, however, he needs running mate Dennis Seidenberg back on his right side to fill out the club’s No. 1 shutdown pairing. The Rangers’ winner, by Boston homeboy Kreider, was a perfect example. Rick Nash slid a pass by Chara from the right wall, and it was a charging Kreider who redirected it by Rask from the slot. Rookie Dougie Hamilton, pressed into duty in Seidenberg’s absence, failed to tie up the ex-BC Eagle. Pass, redirect, night over. Far too loose a play by Hamilton in that situation, on a night when the Bruins might have assured themselves upward of seven days off before their next game.

“Knew exactly what [Kreider] was going to do,’’ said Hamilton. “He got his stick in, and I didn’t get my stick in there, too.’’

The too many men call was somewhat of a footnote, but a costly one. It looked as if it was the outcome of Shawn Thornton signaling for a line change, then failing to come off the ice in the body swap. Again, poor concentration, attention to detail ignored. The Rangers were awarded the power play at 8:55 of the third, and with a little less than a minute left on the advantage, another Boston homeboy, Brian Boyle, snapped in a 20-footer, setting up the overtime, and eventually a Saturday date on Causeway Street.

“We were puck-watching on that one,’’ said Julien. “That’s what allowed Boyle to get his shot away.”

Dating to the second round of the 2010 playoffs, when they had a 3-0 series lead on the Flyers, the Bruins are now 5-10 in closeout games. They still should win this series. The historic collapse vs. the Flyers was due, in large part, to losing David Krejci to hand surgery. Despite seeing their series lead drop to 3-1 here, they remain in stable health, albeit with the obvious need for Seidenberg to get back and sub in for Hamilton.

“No panic here,’’ said Julien, noting that he was generally pleased with his team’s effort, though not the result. “If we had been outworked . . . but that’s not the case. We didn’t execute at times, but our work ethic was there.’’

They will be back at it Saturday. Another chance to close out a series. A night when the Bruins should arrive well-schooled in the fact that one way to blow a good lead is to pair it with poor concentration.

Kevin Paul Dupont can be reached at Follow him on Twitter @GlobeKPD.


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Holocaust survivor saved by Schindler writes book

Associated Press Monday, March 04, 2013

NEW YORK — One of the youngest Holocaust survivors saved by Oskar Schindler has a book deal, for a manuscript completed shortly before he died.

Leon Leyson's "The Boy On the Wooden Box" will be published by Atheneum on Aug. 27, the publisher announced Monday. According to Atheneum, the book will provide an "unprecedented perspective" on Schindler, the industrialist credited with helping to save more than 1,000 Jews during World War II. His story was immortalized in Steven Spielberg's Oscar-winning "Schindler's List."

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Notes on Badlands

By Tyler Patterson

Certain films seem to exist outside time. They’re so enchanting that they suspend time’s steady march forward. Even after the ending, they leave the viewer feeling less like they just watched a movie and more like they traveled to another place. They create a world so enduring that it lingers and lives in the viewer long after its life on the screen. This has more to do, perhaps, with the mood–an inexplicable aura–of the film than any narrative elements. If these qualities were used as a sort of litmus test for the longevity of a film, then Badlands, Terrence Malick’s first feature-length film, would succeed wildly.

The story begins in the faded town of Fort Dupree, South Dakota in 1959. Kit Carruthers (Martin Sheen) is a strikingly handsome yet almost futureless twentysomething who works as a garbage collector when we meet him. One day after ditching his garbage route early, he meets Holly Stugis (Sissy Spacek), a motherless fifteen-year-old daughter of a sign painter, standing outside her house twirling a baton, which right away establishes her innocence. We have already met Holly, however, in the opening scene where we see her in silhouette, sitting on her bed with her dog and sharing the story of her mother’s death from pneumonia through a voiceover. Her voice would go on to complement the film’s moment-to-moment unfolding throughout the film. Kit asks Holly to go on a walk with him, which turns in to a relationship, much to Holly’s father’s chagrin. He tries to prevent them from being together but all efforts are futile. Desperate and determined after being fired from hustling garbage and taking a new job in a feedlot, Kit sneaks into Holly’s house and begins packing a bag for her so the two of them can escape Fort Dupree. When Holly’s father catches him and threatens to call the authorities, Kit kills him. Kit and Holly then fake their own deaths by recording a suicide message and burning down the house. Thus begins their Kit and Holly’s killing spree, which takes them from sleepy Fort Dupree to the desert badlands of Montana.

Metaphors abound for the immensiveness of Badlands. The most apt comparison would be with classic children’s stories, most notably The Hardy Boys, Swiss Family Robinson, Tom Sawyer, and Huckleberry Finn, which Malick said were his influences while making the film. Another major influence was perhaps the most iconic crime adventure movie: Arthur Penn’s Bonnie and Clyde. Malick was a student of Penn and acknowledges him in Badlands’ credits. It would be fitting and profitable to consider Badlands not only as a student’s homage to a teacher, but also as an echo of the film itself. This theme of references across cinema plays an eerie if small role in Badlands. At several points, other characters say that Kit looks like James Dean. This comparison plays into the fable-like quality of Badlands. One of the effects of this quality is that the barrier between the film and the audience—the so-called third wall—vanishes in a way so subtle as to be almost unnoticeable. We are spirited away with Kit and Holly on their violent romp through the forgotten swaths of the Midwest. When other characters say that Kit looks like James Dean, it nudges him out of the space of character and into something closer to the bone. Here it is relevant that Badlands is loosely based on the story of Charles Starkweather who murdered eleven people while roaming across Nebraska and Montana with his girlfriend.

One of the most absorbing aspects of the film is the way in which it quietly subverts common cinematic tropes, of some of which one might have not even been aware before watching the film. An easy example is the dreamlike quality of the violence. Kit shoots and kills nearly ten people but somehow the violence isn’t shocking. If it were, it would disrupt the storybook mood of the film. One scene, in which bounty hunters raid Kit and Holly’s treehouse in the forest, unfolds like an elegant dance. The hunters emerge from the trees, and Kit takes cover underneath a sheet of leaves and branches. After he shoots all three of the hunters, the scene doesn’t linger on their wounds or their corpses. Instead, it quickly cuts to Kit and Holly striking camp, getting ready to set out on the road again. With each murder, Kit and Holly become more obdurate. Kit, for all his good looks, begins to take on a deranged air.

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The effect that suffering has on a person is another narrative trope that Badlands complicates. It subverts the common belief that suffering expands a character’s empathetic faculties and instead makes Kit only more shallow. Indeed, suffering forms the precondition for the psychotic violence that he perpetrates and which drive his and Holly’s exploits.

Clearly and comprehensively engaging with universal subjects like suffering, violence, and the strange space between adolescence and adulthood makes Badlands a timeless film. Four years after the National Film Registry was founded, the Library of Congress added Badlands to its archives, further ensuring the film’s longevity. If adding the film to the country’s national archives means that Badlands is culturally significant, then it’s crucial to think through the ensuing implications rather than just accepting its canonization as a mark of quality. What might this selection mean? It helps to start by reading the messages of the film. One of the things that the film, and its enthusiastic reception, seem to say is that violence is a uniquely fundamental part of American experience. That Malick set the film in the literal heartland of the country reinforces this point. So what’s the benefit of knowing this? What can we gain from thinking about film other than the temporary pleasure of being swept away in it? We can see violence without the shock or with the shock mediated by knowing it is at the gnarled core of our country. Maybe this knowledge would constitute a better foundation from which to approach the incessant violence we encounter in our so-called reality.

Tyler Patterson is a filmmaker and writer from Massachusetts. He also volunteers his time to the Brattle Theatre as the Editorial Assistant for Film Notes.

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Welcome to The Breadstall

The Breadstall was created in 1997 by Sebastian Vince using a £200 overdraft and an old market stall he got in the South of France. He bought 300 ciabatta from a bloke called Pino at Ticino Bakery in Bemondsey which were unlike anything that anyone had seen before in terms of freshness and quality. He piled them up on his stall on Portobello Market, sold out by 10am, and on the following Monday quit his job as a copywriter, which he wasn’t much good at anyway, and never looked back.

The Breadstall today is a bit more of a high tech affair compared with it’s humble beginnings but still holds true to the original idea - to find the best artisan bakers in London who do the best stuff and showcase it in the 15 meter long bespoke street bakery in Northcote Rd.

Over the years they’ve got into baking themselves and from their twin deck on-board oven comes an almost constant stream of goodies from award-winning sausage rolls and Italian pizza al taglio to cheesecakes and goat’s cheese quiche as well as hot rustic baguettes used for the wide range of sandwiches produced right there throughout the day.

We hope you find time to visit The Breadstall soon, and join the thousands of happy customers they’ve served for the past 15 years.


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Kitchin Appointed to Jameson Inns Board

Jameson Inns, Inc. today
announced that Craig R. Kitchin has been appointed to the board of
directors of Jameson Inns, Inc. Mr. Kitchin joined Jameson as its controller and treasurer in June 1992,
subsequently becoming chief financial officer in February, 1994 and vice
president—finance in November, 1997. In November, 1998, he was elected
to his current position as president and chief financial officer of the

Mr. Kitchin graduated from Santa Clara University with a B.S. degree in
finance in 1989. From 1989 to 1990, he was a financial analyst with FMC
Corporation in Santa Clara, California, where his primary responsibilities
included budgeting and forecasting expenses. After leaving FMC
Corporation, Mr. Kitchin attended the University of Chicago where he
earned his M.B.A. degree with concentrations in accounting and finance.
Mr. Kitchin is the son of Thomas W. Kitchin, chairman and chief executive
officer of Jameson.

Thomas W. Kitchin, chairman, said, “The directors and I are very pleased
to have Craig join the board of directors. His intimate knowledge and
experience with both Jameson’s operations and finances will make a
significant contribution to the board and to the Company.”


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Enterprise Rent-A-Car to sponsor UEFA Europa League

Enterprise Rent-A-Car to sponsor UEFA Europa League

Enterprise Rent-A-Car has signed a three-year agreement with UEFA to become an official worldwide sponsor of the UEFA Europa League beginning with the 2015/16 season.

The sponsorship covers every stage of the competition from group stage matches through to the Final - a total of 205 games that will reach millions of viewers across Europe.

With more than 175 million football fans in Europe, Enterprise believes this will be an ideal platform for reaching a mass audience and new markets throughout the continent.

As part of its global growth plan, Enterprise has established a presence in 32 European countries in just over two years.

It is part of the largest car rental company in the world as measured by revenue, fleet and employees.

As a result of this rapid expansion programme, the Enterprise Rent-A-Car brand is now available at more than 1,000 locations in Europe, including branches at all key airports and major cities, from where it operates a fleet in excess of 170,000 vehicles.

The aim of this sponsorship is to engage with audiences and there will be Enterprise branding throughout the competition.

This will include branding on perimeter boards and post-match interview backdrops as well as branded content across all digital platforms.

Enterprise has been successful in promoting brand awareness and affinity through sports sponsorships in North America by selecting opportunities that resonate strongly with US audiences.

For the past ten years, the company has been the official rental car partner of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, which organises 89 national championships in 23 sports for student athletes.

Enterprise has also sponsored the National Hockey League for six years.

Commenting on the sponsorship, Jim Stoeppler, vice president, European brand marketing at Enterprise Rent-A-Car, said: “Sponsoring the UEFA Europa League is a big moment for Enterprise Rent-A-Car in Europe.

“Our first European office was established in the UK over 20 years ago, and now, through organic growth, acquisition and franchise partnerships, we have a business that spans almost every nation on the continent.

“We anticipate that this sponsorship will cement awareness of the Enterprise brand across Europe and further engage with customers.

“We would like Europeans to see us as both a global and a local business - one with relevance to their needs and the commitment to provide access to mobility and the best service possible wherever they travel.

“In the US, we have seen our connection with customers grow through our support of sport and we expect to see the same engagement through the UEFA Europa League.”


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Creighton Professor: Donald Trump Is ‘Anti-Christ’

A campaign supporter reacts as Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump signs her button during a campaign event at the International Air Response facility on December 16, 2015 in Mesa, Arizona. Trump is in Arizona the day after the Republican Presidential Debate hosted by CNN in Las Vegas, Nevada. (Photo by …
Ralph Freso/Getty Images

A Creighton University literature professor reportedly gave his students a final exam with a question that attacked GOP frontrunner Donald Trump as – among other things – the “Anti-Christ.”

As Turning Point USA’s Hypeline reports, Dr. Fidel Fajardo-Acosta, who teaches World Literature I: Antiquity to the Renaissance (English 220) at the Jesuit university in Omaha, Nebraska, posed the following question to students on the final exam, offering five bonus points for their response:

Donald Trump is:

a) a fool

b) already in hell

c) a clown

d) all of the answer choices for this question are correct

e) an evil man

f) the Anti-Christ

The course is part of Creighton’s Magis CCAS Core Curriculum, a group of 18 courses that is required for graduation.

“Each component has a justification that is rooted in the Catholic and Jesuit intellectual tradition,” states the curriculum’s website. “In addition to the traditional areas of study – philosophy, theology, and the other liberal arts and sciences – the curriculum includes two courses where students encounter and will be asked to grapple intellectually with questions of diversity, social justice, and values.”

The master syllabus for World Literature I provides the following description on the university’s website:

A study of representative works of world literature from Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. The course emphasizes the study and consideration of the literary, cultural, and human significance of selected great works of the Western and non-Western literary traditions. An important goal of the class is to promote an understanding of the works in their cultural/historical contexts and of the enduring human values which unite the different literary traditions. The course’s pedagogy gives special attention to critical thinking and writing within a framework of cultural diversity as well as comparative and interdisciplinary analysis.

On the website, Fajardo-Acosta received an average grade of A-. Positive ratings described him as an “impressive professor” who “makes students think for themselves and pushes them to see different perspectives,” and “engaging.”

Other ratings include several that indicate students can get a B just for showing up for the class, an A with some extra work. His grading “on a curve” is mentioned in the ratings as well.

However, one student observed Fajardo-Acosta “only teaches his opinion, not open to discussion even though he says it is…cynical, makes blanket statements and generalizations.” Another student writes, “Do not take if you love capitalism.”

Yet another student notes, “He thinks he’s god and really seems to impress himself,” and still another writes, “Doesn’t use evidence to support his theories. Doesn’t take into account any other opinions but his own….Personally attacks students if they question his opinions.”

Fajardo-Acosta did not immediately respond to Breitbart News’ request for comment.