text:
Compare any two graphics cards:

Radeon HD 5870 vs Radeon HD 7970

The Radeon HD 5870 has core clock speeds of 850 MHz on the GPU, and 1200 MHz on the 1024 MB of GDDR5 RAM. It features 1600(320x5) SPUs along with 80 TAUs and 32 ROPs.

Compare that to the Radeon HD 7970, which has a core clock frequency of 925 MHz and a GDDR5 memory speed of 1375 MHz. It also makes use of a 384-bit bus, and uses a 28 nm design. It is comprised of 2048 SPUs, 128 Texture Address Units, and 32 Raster Operation Units.

Display Graphs

Hide Graphs

(No game benchmarks for this combination yet.)

Power Usage and Theoretical Benchmarks

Power Consumption (Max TDP)

Radeon HD 5870 188 Watts
Radeon HD 7970 250 Watts
Difference: 62 Watts (33%)

Memory Bandwidth

Theoretically, the Radeon HD 7970 should be quite a bit faster than the Radeon HD 5870 in general. (explain)

Radeon HD 7970 264000 MB/sec
Radeon HD 5870 153600 MB/sec
Difference: 110400 (72%)

Texel Rate

The Radeon HD 7970 should be a lot (approximately 74%) more effective at anisotropic filtering than the Radeon HD 5870. (explain)

Radeon HD 7970 118400 Mtexels/sec
Radeon HD 5870 68000 Mtexels/sec
Difference: 50400 (74%)

Pixel Rate

The Radeon HD 7970 will be a little bit (approximately 9%) more effective at anti-aliasing than the Radeon HD 5870, and also should be capable of handling higher screen resolutions while still performing well. (explain)

Radeon HD 7970 29600 Mpixels/sec
Radeon HD 5870 27200 Mpixels/sec
Difference: 2400 (9%)

Please note that the above 'benchmarks' are all just theoretical - the results were calculated based on the card's specifications, and real-world performance may (and probably will) vary at least a bit.

Price Comparison

Display Prices

Hide Prices

Radeon HD 5870

Radeon HD 7970

Please note that the price comparisons are based on search keywords - sometimes it might show cards with very similar names that are not exactly the same as the one chosen in the comparison. We do try to filter out the wrong results as best we can, though.

Display Specifications

Hide Specifications

Model Radeon HD 5870 Radeon HD 7970
Manufacturer AMD AMD
Year September 23, 2009 January 2012
Code Name Cypress XT Tahiti XT
Fab Process 40 nm 28 nm
Bus PCIe 2.1 x16 PCIe 3.0 x16
Memory 1024 MB 3072 MB
Core Speed 850 MHz 925 MHz
Shader Speed N/A MHz (N/A) MHz
Memory Speed 4800 MHz 5500 MHz
Unified Shaders 1600(320x5) 2048
Texture Mapping Units 80 128
Render Output Units 32 32
Bus Type GDDR5 GDDR5
Bus Width 256-bit 384-bit
DirectX Version DirectX 11 DirectX 11.1
OpenGL Version OpenGL 3.2 OpenGL 4.2
Power (Max TDP) 188 watts 250 watts
Shader Model 5.0 5.0
Bandwidth 153600 MB/sec 264000 MB/sec
Texel Rate 68000 Mtexels/sec 118400 Mtexels/sec
Pixel Rate 27200 Mpixels/sec 29600 Mpixels/sec

Memory Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the maximum amount of information (counted in megabytes per second) that can be moved over the external memory interface in one second. The number is calculated by multiplying the card's interface width by its memory speed. If the card has DDR RAM, it must be multiplied by 2 again. If DDR5, multiply by 4 instead. The better the bandwidth is, the faster the card will be in general. It especially helps with anti-aliasing, HDR and high resolutions.

Texel Rate: Texel rate is the maximum texture map elements (texels) that can be processed in one second. This number is worked out by multiplying the total amount of texture units by the core speed of the chip. The higher this number, the better the video card will be at texture filtering (anisotropic filtering - AF). It is measured in millions of texels processed per second.

Pixel Rate: Pixel rate is the maximum amount of pixels the video card can possibly record to the local memory in one second - measured in millions of pixels per second. The number is calculated by multiplying the amount of Raster Operations Pipelines by the clock speed of the card. ROPs (Raster Operations Pipelines - also sometimes called Render Output Units) are responsible for outputting the pixels (image) to the screen. The actual pixel output rate also depends on lots of other factors, most notably the memory bandwidth of the card - the lower the bandwidth is, the lower the ability to reach the maximum fill rate.

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While a few bold pioneers are pushing the hardest for alternative energy, and everyone at least has advanced initiatives underway, industry stakeholders are also hunkering down to streamline conventional technologies into the indefinite future. At this year’s FISITA 2014 World Automotive Congress in the Netherlands – a country that ranks among EV capitals of the […]

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Joho the BlogNovember 2010 - Joho the Blog

November 30, 2010

[bigdata] Panel: A Thousand Points of Data

Paul Ohm (law prof at U of Colorado Law School — here’s a paper of his) moderates a panel among those with lots of data. Panelists: Jessica Staddon (research scientist, Google), Thomas Lento (Facebook), Arvin Narayanan (post-doc, Stanford), and Dan Levin (grad student, U of Mich).

NOTE: Live-blogging. Getting things wrong. Missing points. Omitting key information. Introducing artificial choppiness. Over-emphasizing small matters. Paraphrasing badly. Not running a spellpchecker. Mangling other people’s ideas and words. You are warned, people.

Dan Levin asks what Big Data could look like in the context of law. He shows a citation network for a Supreme Court decision. “The common law is a network,” he says. He shows a movie of the citation network of first thirty years of the Supreme Court. Fascinating. Marbury remains an edge node for a long time. In 1818, the net of internal references blooms explosively. “We could have a legalistic genome project,” he says. [Watch the video here.]

What will we be able to do with big data?

Thomas Lento (Facebook): Google flu tracking. Predicting via search terms.

Jessica Staddon (Google): Flu tracking works pretty well. We’ll see more personalization to deliver more relevant info. Maybe even tailor privacy and security settings.

Dan: If someone comes to you as a lawyer and ask if she has a case, you’ll do a better job deciding if you can algorithmically scour the PACER database of court records. We are heading for a legal informatics revolution.

Thomas: Imagine someone could tell you everything about yourself, and cross ref you with other people, say you’re like those people, and broadcast it to the world. There’d be a high potential for abuse. That’s something to worry about. Further, as data gets bigger, the granularity and accuracy of predictions gets better. E.g., we were able to beat the polls by doing sentiment analysis of msgs on Facebook that mention Obama or McCain. If I know who your friends are and what they like, I don’t actually have to know that much about you to predict what sort of ads to show you. As the computational power gets to the point where anyone can run these processes, it’ll be a big challenge…

Jessica: Companies have a heck of a lot to lose if they abuse privacy.

Helen Nissenbaum: The harm isn’t always to the individual. It can be harm to the democratic system. It’s not about the harm of getting targeted ads. It’s about the institutions that can be harmed. Could someone explain to me why to get the benefits of something like the Flu Trends you have to be targeted down to the individual level?

Jessica: We don’t always need the raw data for doing many types of trend analysis. We need the raw data for lots of other things.

Arvind: There are misaligned incentives everywhere. For the companies, it’s collect data first and ask questions yesterday; you never know what you’ll need.

Thomas: It’s hard to understand the costs and benefits at the individual level. We’re all looking to build the next great iteration or the next great product. The benefits of collecting all that data is not clearly defined. The cost to the user is unclear, especially down the line.

Jessica: Yes, we don’t really understand the incentives when it comes to privacy. We don’t know if giving users more control over privacy will actually cost us data.

Arvind describes some of his work on re-identification, i.e., taking anonymized data and de-anonymizing it. (Arvind worked on the deanonymizing of Netflix records.) Aggregation is a much better way of doing things, although we have to be careful about it.

Q: In other fields, we hear about distributed innovation. Does big data require companies to centralize it? And how about giving users more visibility into the data they’ve contributed — e.g., Judith Donath’s data mirrors? Can we give more access to individuals without compromising privacy?

Thomas: You can do that already at FB and Google. You can see what your data looks like to an outside person. But it’s very hard to make those controls understandable. There are capital expenditures to be able to do big data processing. So, it’ll be hard for individuals, although distributed processing might work.

Paul: Help us understand how to balance the costs and benefits? And how about the effect on innovation? E.g., I’m sorry that Netflix canceled round 2 of its contest because of the re-identification issue Arvind brought to light.

Arvind: No silver bullets. It can help to have a middleman, which helps with the misaligned incentives. This would be its own business: a platform that enables the analysis of data in a privacy-enabled environment. Data comes in one side. Analysis is done in the middle. There’s auditing and review.

Paul: Will the market do this?

Jessica: We should be thinking about systems like that, but also about the impact of giving the user more controls and transparency.

Paul: Big Data promises vague benefits — we’ll build something spectacular — but that’s a lot to ask for the privacy costs.

Paul: How much has the IRB (institutional review board) internalized the dangers of Big Data and privacy?

Daniel: I’d like to see more transparency. I’d like to know what the process is.

Arvind: The IRB is not always well suited to the concerns of computer scientists. Maybe current the monolithic structure is not the best way.

Paul: What mode of solution of privacy concerns gives you the most hope? Law? Self-regulation? Consent? What?

Jessica: The one getting the least attention is the data itself. At the root of a lot of privacy problems is the need to detect anomalies. Large data sets help with this detection. We should put more effort in turning the date around to use it for privacy protection.

Paul: Is there an incentive in the corporate environment?

Jessica: Google has taken some small steps in this direction. E.g., Google’s “got the wrong bob” tool for gmail that warns you if you seem to have included the wrong person in a multi-recipient email. [It’s a useful tool. I send more email to the Annie I work with than to the Annie I’m married to, so my autocomplete keeps wanting to send Annie I work with information about my family. Got the wrong Bob catches those errors.]

Dan: It’s hard to come up with general solutions. The solutions tend to be highly specific.

Arvind: Consent. People think it doesn’t work, but we could reboot it. M. Ryan Calo at Stanford is working on “visceral notice,” rather than burying consent at the end of a long legal notice.

Thomas: Half of our users have used privacy controls, despite what people think. Yes, our controls could be simpler, but we’ve been working on it. We also need to educate people.

Q: FB keeps shifting the defaults more toward disclosure, so users have to go in and set them back.
Thomas: There were a couple of privacy migrations. It’s painful to transition users, and we let them adjust privacy controls. There is a continuum between the value of the service and privacy: all privacy and it would have no value. It also wouldn’t work if everything were open: people will share more if they feel they control who sees it. We think we’ve stabilized it and are working on simplification and education.

Paul: I’d pick a different metaphor: The birds flying south in a “privacy migration”…

Thomas: In FB, you have to manage all these pieces of content that are floating around; you can’t just put them in your “house” for them to be private. We’ve made mistakes but have worked on correcting them. It’s a struggle of a mode of control over info and privacy that is still very new.

1 Comment »

[bigdata] Ensuring Future Access to History

Brewster Kahle, Victoria Stodden, and Richard Cox are on a panel, chaired by the National Archive’s Director of Litigation Jason Baron. The conference is being put on by Princeton’s Center Internet for Technology Policy.

NOTE: Live-blogging. Getting things wrong. Missing points. Omitting key information. Introducing artificial choppiness. Over-emphasizing small matters. Paraphrasing badly. Not running a spellpchecker. Mangling other people’s ideas and words. You are warned, people.

Brewster goes first. He’s going to talk about “public policy in the age of digital reproduction.” “We are in a jam,” he says, because of how we have viewed our world as our tech has change. Brewster founded the Internet Archive, a non-profit library. The aim is to make freely accessible everything ever published, from the Sumerian texts on. “Everyone everywhere ought to have access to it” — that’s a challenge worthy of our generation, he says.

He says the time is ripe for this. The Internet is becoming ubiquitous. If there aren’t laptops, there are Internet cafes. And there a mobiles. Plus, storage is getting cheaper and smaller. You can record “100 channel years” of HD TV in a petabyte for about $200,000, and store it in a small cabinet. For about $1,200, you could store all of the text in the Library of Congress. Google’s copy of the WWW is about a petabyte. The WayBack machine uses 3 petabytes, and has about 150 billion pages. It’s used by 1.5M/day. A small organization, like the Internet Archive, can take this task on.

This archive is dynamic, he says. The average Web page has 15 links. The average Web page changes every 100 days.

There are downsides to the archive. E.g., the WayBack Machine gets used to enable lawsuits. We don’t want people to pull out of the public sphere. “Get archived, go to jail,” is not a useful headline. Brewster says that they once got an FBI letter asking for info, which they successfully fought (via the EFF). The Archive gets lots of lawyer letters. They get about 50 requests per week to have material taken out of the Archive. Rarely do people ask for other people’s stuff to be taken down. Once, the Scientologists wanted some copyright-infringing material taken down from someone else’s archived site; the Archive finally agreed to this. The Archive held a conference and came up with Oakland Archive Policy for issues such as these.

Brewster points out that John Postel’s taxonomy is sticking: .com, .org, .gov, .edu, .mil … Perhaps we need separate policies for each of these, he says. And how do we take policy ideas and make them effective? E.g., if you put up a robots.txt exclusion, you will nevertheless get spidered by lots of people.

“We can build the Library of Alexandria,” he concludes, “but it might be problematic.”

Q: I’ve heard people say they don’t need to archive their sites because you will.
A: Please archive your own. More copies make us safe.

Q: What do you think about the Right to Oblivion movement that says that some types of content we want to self-destruct on some schedule, e.g. Facebook.
A: I have no idea. It’s really tough. Personal info is so damn useful. I wish we could keep our computers from being used against us in court; if we defined the 5th amendment so that who “we” are included our computers…

Richard Cox says if you gold, you know about info overload. It used to be that you had one choice of golf ball, Top-Flite. Now they have twenty varieties.

Archives are full of stories waiting to be told, he says. “When I think about Big Data…most archivists would think we’re talking about being science, corporate world, and government.” Most archivists work in small cultural, public institutions. Richard is going to talk about the shifting role of archivists.

As early as the 1940s, archivists were talking about machine-readable records. The debates and experiments have been going on for many decades. One early approach was to declare that electronic records were not archives, because the archives couldn’t deal with them. (Archivists and records managers have always been at odds, he says, because RM is about retention schedules, i.e., deleting records.) Over time, archivists came up to speed. By 2000, some were dealing with electronic records. In 2010, many do, but many do not. There is a continuing debate. Archivists have spent too long debating among themselves when they need to be talking with others. But, “archivists tend not to be outgoing folks.” (Archivists have had issues with the National Archives because their methods don’t “scale down.”)

There are many projects these days. E.g., we now have citizen archivists who maintain their own archives and who may contribute to public archives. Who are today’s archivists? Archival educators are redefining the role. Richard believes archives will continue, but the profession may not. He recommends reading the Clair report [I couldn’t get the name or the spelling, and can’t find it on Google :( ] on audio-visual archives. “I read it and I wept.” It says that we need people who understand the analog systems so that they can be preserved, but there’s no funding.

Victoria Stodden’s talk gloomy title is “The Coming Dark Ages in Scientific Knowledge.”

She begins by pointing to the pervasive use of computers and computational methods in the sciences, and even in the humanities and law schools. E.g., Northwestern is looking at the word counts in Shakespearean works. It’s changing the type of scientific analysis we’re doing. We can do very complicated simulations that give us a new way of understanding our world. E.g., we do simulations of math proofs, quite different from the traditional deductive processes.

This means what we’re doing as scientists is being stored in script, codes, data, etc. But science only is science when it’s communicated. If the data and scripts are not shared, the results are not reproducible. We need to act as scientists to make sure that this data etc. are shared. How do we communicate results based on enormous data sets? We have to give access to those data sets. And what happens when those data sets change (corrected or updated)? What happens to results based on the earlier sets? We need to preserve the prior versions of the data. How do we version it? How do we share it? How do we share it? E.g., There’s an experiment at NSF: All proposals have to include a data management plan. The funders and journals have a strong role to play here.

Sharing scientific knowledge is harder than it sounds, but is vital. E.g., a recent study showed that a cancer therapy will be particular effective based on individual genomes. But, it was extremely hard to trace back the data and code used to get this answer. Victoria notes that peer reviewers do not check the data and algorithms.

Why a dark age? Because “without reproducibility, knowledge cannot be recreated or understood.” we need ways and processes of sharing. Without this, we only have scientists making proclamations.

She gives some recommendations: (1) Assessment of the expense of data/code archiving. (2) Enforcement of funding agency guidelines. (3) Publication requirements. (4) Standards for scientific tools. (5) Versioning as a scientific principal. (6) Licensing to realign scientific intellectual property with longstanding scientific norms (Reproducible Research Standard). [verbatim from her slide] Victoria stresses the need to get past the hurdles copyright puts in the way.

Q: Are you a pessimist?
A: I’m an optimist. The scientific community is aware of these issues and is addressing them.

Q: Do we need an IRS for the peer review process?
A: Even just the possibility that someone could look at your code and data is enough to make scientists very aware of what they’re doing. I don’t advocate code checking as part of peer review because it takes too long. Instead, throw your paper out into the public while it’s still being reviewed and let other scientists have at it.

Q: [rick] Every age has lost more info than it has preserved. This is not a new problem. Every archivist from the beginning of time has had to cope with this.

Jason Baron of the National Archives (who is not speaking officially) points to the volume of data the National Archives (NARA) has to deal with. E.g., in 2001 32 million emails were transferred to NARA; in 2009, 250+ million archives were. He predicts there will be a billion presidential emails by 2017 held at NARA. The first lawsuit over email was filed in 1989 (email=PROFS). Right now, the official policy of 300 govt agencies is to print email out for archiving. We can no longer deal with the info flow with manual processes. Processing of printed pages occurs when there’s a lawsuit or a a FOIA request. Jason is pushing on the value of search as a way of encouraging systematic intake of digital records. He dreams of search algorithms that retrieve all relevant materials. There are clustering algorithms emerging within law that hold hope. He also wants to retrieve docs other than via key words. Visual analytics can help.

There are three languages we need: Legal, Records Management, and IT. How do we make the old ways work in the new? We need both new filtering techniques, but also traditional notions of appraisal. “The neutral archivist may serve as an unbiased resource for the filtering of information in an increasingly partisan (untrustworthy) world” [from the slide].

November 29, 2010

Erred watching

Erred watching is like bird watching: You get excitedly happy when you spot a new, rare error message.

I’ve spotted two in the past twenty-four hours.

One was a problem with PDAnet (which turned out to be trivial to solve) that put a line into the Console for which there were zero Google hits: “CDaemonCon 2 exits”

This morning, my Mac refused to boot. Instead of showing me a gray apple on a gray background, it displayed a circle with a line through it (“prohibitory sign”) on the gray background. It did this even when I tried to boot from an external disk. Apple seems to think this is a software problem, although I would have thought that it would have booted from the external disk. But maybe there’s something wrong with the external one.

Anyway, I’m very excited to have spotted these two rarities in their native habitats. Of course, when I have to reinstall all my software and realize all the stuff I had not backed up, I may be warbling a different tune. (It’s a new machine supplied by work, and I have been keeping all my files in the cloud. I think.)

If laws are outlawed, then only the outlaws will have the law

I cribbed that headline, approximately, from a comment at Slashdot about an article at The Escapist. It seems that the United States Copyright Group, a law firm that extorts (note: seemingly legally) settlements from people it thinks have violated copyright licenses, is suing a lawyer who posted $19.95 instructions on how to represent yourself if the USCG comes after you. (The USCG itself has been allegedly caught ripping off its Web page design.)

The lawyer with the temerity to make it easier for people to respond to the USCG’s shakedowns, Graham Syfert, includes the forms you need in his twenty buck bundle. The thought that someone might not just roll over and cough up the $2,500 settlement so infuriated the USCG that they are suing Syfert for the $5,000 in lost time they’ve had to spend actually litigating the suits. The nerve of that Syfert guy!

If only there were a word for someone who sails on up to you, demands $2,500, and opens fire on anyone who dares to help you defend yourself. Oh yeah, there is: Pirate.

November 28, 2010

Annals of D’oh: Getting PDAnet to work on my Mac

I spent about an hour this morning trying to get PDAnet to work on my MacBookPro the way it once did. Had I not magically missed the question in the FAQ that addresses the issue, I could have saved myself 58 minutes of a Sunday morning.

PDAnet allows you to use your mobile phone as a modem. So, when there’s is no wifi, or when you don’t want to pay a hotel $25/day to use their stinking wifi, you can plug your mobile into your laptop via USB (PDAnet also supports Bluetooth, but as with every other Bluetooth app, it is as close to impossible to get to work as its evil masterminds could achieve) and surf the Web via your cellphone connection. Whatever data charges your cellphone company inflicts will apply.

PDAnet had been working like a dream for me. I had sprung for the paid version so that I could access secure sites. I was in tethered heaven. Then it stopped.

I uninstalled, redownloaded, rebooted, and tried again … and again and again. I wouldn’t get error msgs anywhere except in my browser when I tried to go to a site. The ping command in my terminal told me it couldn’t resolve the host. Weirdly, Console told me “before listening on daemon socket” and “CDaemonCon 2 exits.” These were only weird because the first has a single unhelpful hit at Google and the second has none. None! It’s an error message from another planet!

Then I re-checked the PDAnet help page. And there it says quite plainly: “Mac When connecting the PdaNet menubar icon keeps blinking and I have no Internet.” The explanation:

This is because the Network Interface create by PdaNet is not added on Mac automatically for some reason.

Try to open Networks Preferences and click on “+”, then select the new Network Interface the biggest “en” number such as en2 or en3 and click “Apply” with DHCP selected.

These instructions are almost correct. So, go to System Preferences, and then to Network. Click on “+” at the bottom of the list of connections on the left. Choose “Internet adaptor” from the list. “Internet adaptor” will have some number after it. After accepting, that connection will show up in the list on the left. Make sure that the choice to the right of “Configure IPv4″ says “DHCP.” You should be good to go.

PDAnet rocks when you remember to reading the effing FAQ.

November 27, 2010

Rio’s violence bloggified

Debora Baldelli has a thought-provoking post at Global Voices about the reaction in social media to the recent violence in Rio de Janeiro.

My interest was initially piqued because I was in Rio a few weeks ago for a library conference, and found the city fascinating, regretting that I had given myself only one meagre afternoon free. The beaches were empty, and the tourist industry was just groggily waking itself up. Above the eerily unused festive booths, the poor look down, quite literally, from favelas wrapping the bases of the sudden peaks emblematic of the city. The mountains then continue up in inhuman, humbling, vertical lines.

Some cities a casual visitor for a day can fool himself into thinking he understands. Not Rio.

So, I was very interested to read Debora’s round-up of what the local social media had to say about the police reaction to a wave of violence in the city. For example:

The need to know what is true or false, and which areas were or were not being attacked, made @casodepolicia launch two hashtags #everdade (#truth) and #eboato (#rumor), through which information revealed on the web was verified in real time. The tweet reached 10,000 followers on the fifth day of the terror in the city.

Debora is positive about the overall contribution of social media:

… a good portion of the violence reported after this series of attacks was already common before. The sounds of shooting are not exactly anything new in Rio de Janeiro. What is different this time, however, is that everything is happening at the same time, and everything is being spoken of, reported and investigated as part of the same giant problem. The population of the city is being tempted to speak out and be heard (whether through the Disque DenÃºncia [hotline] or whether on Twitter), and being taken seriously by the authorities. When a person reports via tweet, sees their report being investigated, and hears of police action, this not only stimulates the participation of residents but also gives credibility to the police. Everybody wins.

Of course, the voices being heard in the social media do not come from the favelas, as least in Debora’s report. Matters will be different yet again when we can hear those voices, instead of just feeling their gaze.

1 Comment »

November 26, 2010

From facts to data to commons

Im keynoting a conference at the Princeton Center for Internet Polic on Big Data on Tuesday. No, I dont know why they asked me either. Heres an outline of what I plan on saying, although the talk has far from gelled.

“How sweet is the perception of a new natural fact,” Thoreau rhapsodized, and Darwin spent seven years trying to pin down one fact about barnacles. We were enamored with facts in the 19th century, when facts were used to nail down social policy debates. We have hoped and wished ever since that facts would provide a bottom to arguments: We can dig our way down and come to agreement. Indeed, in 1963, Bernard Forscher wrote a letter to Science “Chaos in the Brickyard” complaining that young scientists are generating too many facts and not enough theories; too many facts leads to chaos.

This is part and parcel of the traditional Western strategy for knowing our world. In a world too big to knowâ„¢, our basic strategy has been to filter, reduce, and fragment knowledge. This was true all the way through the Information Age. Our fear of information overload now seems antiquated. Not only is there “no such thing as information overload, only filter failure” Clay Shirky, natch, in the digital age, the nature of filters change. On the Net, we do not filter out. We filter forward. That is, on the Net, a filter merely shortens the number of clicks it takes to get to an object; all the other objects remain accessible.

This changes the role and nature of expertise, and of knowledge itself. For traditional knowledge is a system of stopping points for inquiry. This is very efficient, but its based on the limitations of paper as knowledges medium. Indeed, science itself has viewed itself as a type of publishing: It is done in private and not made public until its certain-ish.

But the networking of knowledge gives us a new strategy. We will continue to use the old one where appropriate. Networked knowledge is abundant, unsettled, never done, public, imperfect, and contains disagreements within itself.

So, lets go back to facts. [Work on that transition!] In the Age of Facts, we thought that facts provided a picture of the world â€” the Book of Nature was written in facts. Now we are in the Age of Big Data. This is different from the Info Age, when data actually was fairly scarce. The new data is super-abundant, linked, fallible, and often recognizably touched by frail humans. Unlike with facts, these data are [Note to self: Remember to use plural…the sign of quality!] often used to unnail, rather than to nail things down. While individual arguments, of course, use data to support hypotheses or to nail down conclusions, the system weve built for ourselves overall is more like a resource to support exploration, divergence, and innovation. Despite Bernard Forscher, too many facts in the form of data, do not lead to chaos, but to a commons.

November 24, 2010

Rich Net users are different

A new Pew Internet survey confirms some obvious assumptions as well as some not so obvious ones about differences in how the Net is used by those with more money and those with less.

For example, U.S. households with an income of $75K tend to have faster connections and more Net devices. But also:

  • “Even among those who use the internet, the well off are more likely than those with less income to use technology.”

  • The richer are more likely to get their news online.

  • “Some 86% of internet users in higher-income households go online daily, compared with 54% in the lowest income bracket.”

  • “79% of the internet users in the higher earning bracket have visited a government website at the local, state or federal level versus 56% of those who fall into the lowest-income group”

Obviously, there may well be other correlations going on here. But it’s an interesting report, and one that confirms for those who need it that the Net is different depending on the circumstances within which it is embedded.

1 Comment »

November 23, 2010

Radio Berkman: Wikipedia

The latest Radio Berkman podcast is up. This time, it’s with Joseph Reagle, author Good Faith Collaboration, about the culture of Wikipedia. And as a special bonus, if you act now (or later), there’s a bonus interview with Zack Exley, Chief Community Officer for the Wikimedia Foundation.

Three predictions

Someone on a mailing list I’m on asked the list to come up with predictions for 2011. Here are mine:

1. The Atlantic runs a cover story showing that the entire Cognitive Surplus (as per Clay Shirky) created by the Net has been squandered by a massive increase in masturbation.

2. Arrival of Forbin Project/Skynet comes one step closer when airport X-ray scanners are discovered to have spontaneously reinvented ChatRoulette for themselves. (Bonus prediction: 2b. At least one Republican Senator and/or Televangelist is “outed” when he is recorded telling a TSA employee “I think you missed a spot.”)

3. AOL wakes up, feels its long beard, and is “wondrous amazed” at all that has changed in the past ten years.

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text:
09 SEP 2005 General News

Arron - No win but still a smile – World Athletics Final

Christine Arron of France at the World Athletics Final (Getty Images)Christine Arron of France at the World Athletics Final (Getty Images) © Copyright

MonteCarloA week ago, her smile shone out bright when she arrived back at the meeting hotel in Berlin after the final TDK Golden League of the season. Christine Arron was carrying two bunches of flowers, but no winner’s cheque.

Tonight, the golden girl of French athletics had no flowers, no winner’s cheque, but still a smile.

Athletics is often all about who finishes first, but here, as Arron was beaten by the narrowest of margins by Veronica Campbell, of Jamaica, in a superb 100m at the IAAF World Athletics Final, you had to wonder whether today would bring a fitting end to her 100m season (she runs the 200m tomorrow).

Take nothing away from Campbell, who herself this year has shown incredible versatility. She started the summer with a five-year unbeaten record in the 200m which she lost in London in July, but is now $30,000 richer because of her speed over the 100m.

Who would have predicted that three months ago? Equally, who could have speculated that on the day that Arron runs her fastest time of the season, she would not win.

But it happened in a glorious finale to the first evening of the summer’s last major track and field competition as Campbell triumphed in 10.92 from Arron, second in 10.93, with Lauryn Williams, of the USA, third in 11.04.

It looked as though Arron would win, but in the end she did not have enough. She collects $20,000 for second and will aim to turn the tide on Campbell in what should be a mouth-watering 200m this afternoon.

Arron ended one victory away from a share of the Golden League jackpot that was claimed by Russian Tatyana Lebedeva’s unbeaten six-meeting streak in the Triple Jump.

Arron, the 1998 European 100m champion, lost in Zurich, five days after Helsinki, where she had won bronze in both individual sprints. Prior to the World Championships in Helsinki, where Arron won individual bronze in both sprints, only Lebedeva and her were left in with a shout of the million dollar jackpot.

Since Zurich, at the two remaining TDK Golden League meetings, Arron has triumphed. As she did so in Berlin last Sunday, the organisers were writing Lebedeva’s name onto the million dollar cheque.

It is a measure of the athlete that Arron is, that she could smile the way she did in Berlin - and she did tonight too, congratulating Campbell.

But the one athlete who received the biggest cheer of the night, being so close to home, was beaten again.

How she will now react will be fascinating. Will Arron try to attack from the gun in tomorrow’s 200m? She is in lane five, on her left is Allyson Felix, the World champion from America, while Campbell is on her right.

Arron is experienced enough to deal with pressure. But this time, she might just wonder whether in under-23 seconds the outcome will be in her favour.

Samuel Peters for the IAAF


text:
Announcements >

How to ask Questions to Management?

posted Sep 2, 2011, 2:03 AM by Biharilal Deora CFA   [ updated Sep 16, 2011, 1:01 AM ]

Each team is given an opportunity to attend company management presentation and we urge each team to utilize the opportunity to the fullest. This is the only opportunity you will get to interact with company management in an in-person meeting.

While we are sure, each team has done their own secondary research/reading about the subject company/sector and has prepared questions, here are some Educational Resources which you might find useful to listen/read before attending such presentations. For questions, please contact

Read Article/Listen to Podcast

Please also refer the relevant rule from Official rules 2011-12

2.4 Research

Only Team Members may conduct research on the Subject Company for the purposes of the CFA Institute Research Challenge. Teams may use only publicly available information in conducting their research. Teams may utilize their Industry Mentor or Faculty Advisor as resources, but may not enlist the help of any other professionals in conducting research or writing the report. The research reports and presentations should be prepared from the perspective of a sell-side or independent research analyst. Teams can read existing research on the Subject Company, but all analysis should be their own. They may not copy analysis from another source into their written reports or presentations.

The Subject Company will provide Teams with an informational session. The informational session may be followed by a question and answer session during which time Teams can pose questions to the Subject Company and the Subject Company may respond. Teams may send one follow-up email to the Subject Company. When contacting the Subject Company, each Team must confine its contact to those corporate officers who normally interact with investors, such as IR officers, CEO’s or CFO’s. Teams may not contact the Subject Company for the purposes of the Challenge other than the informational session, the question and answer session, and the one permitted follow-up email.

Teams may contact the Subject Company’s customers, competitors, and suppliers in conducting research, however, each Team Member must identify himself as a student and disclose his/her participation in the CFA Institute Research Challenge.

Prior to contacting the Subject Company, its customers, competitors or suppliers, the Team must submit its questions to the Faculty Advisor or Industry Mentor. The Faculty Advisor or Industry Mentor must participate in each contact but only for the purpose of ensuring that no material non-public information is discussed. Faculty Advisors and Industry Mentors are not permitted to ask any questions or provide any opinions on the Subject Company. The Faculty Advisor or Industry Mentor time will not count towards the maximum number of hours allotted for Faculty Advisor or Mentor involvement.


text:
Last question: What the Hayward candidates have done already

And finally, giving them 80 words instead of just 60, we ask the candidates for 4-year seats on the Hayward City Council:

What were your top three community accomplishments in the past four years?

LINDA BENNETT: 1.) As chairperson for the Library Commission I have worked on beginning plans for a new downtown library. 2.) Going with a neighbor and speaking with a business owner that wasn’t keeping up his building and business area. He has since been very good about keeping the building free of graffiti and nuisances. 3.) The third is a tie between being on the Alameda County San Lorenzo Creek Watershed Task Force and collecting signatures on a petition to avoid overdevelopment of Caltrans property.

BARBARA HALLIDAY: 1) Strengthening the ties between the city and neighborhoods by promoting partnerships between staff and neighborhood residents to focus on reducing crime and eliminating blight; 2) promoting new shopping and dining opportunities throughout the city, including new restaurants at Southland, renovation of Bedford Plaza and other centers, and Cinema Place theater and shops that will open soon downtown; 3) completing land acquisition and financing for the new Burbank Elementary School and expanded Cannery Park that will open this fall.

OLDEN HENSON: 1.) Going into the South Garden area, organizing the church and community to the point where a grant was received to provide community services including health services. 2.) Championed the dire need of police personnel in the 2005 budget, which led to full-blown discussion and commitment to provide more police. 3.) Worked to get a hotel and other economic development by way of biotech, retail, and others into Hayward. The hotel, regional retail and other opportunities are in the pipeline.

MARVIN PEIXOTO: As a planning commissioner I voted to shut down a bar located on Grand Street for its numerous violations. I opposed the use permit for the crematorium in the downtown because I thought it was an inappropriate land use and would change the character of adjacent neighborhoods. I voted in favor of the ordinance eliminating further conditional use permits for tattoo parlors downtown.

BILL QUIRK: 1.) Making Citizen input a cornerstone of my public service efforts—responding to calls within 24 hours and solving many problems for residents. My home phone number and email are 581-5498, BillQuirkForHayward@Comcast.net 2.) Actively supporting Michael Sweeney for Mayor—the Council and City are far more responsive to Hayward residents under Mayor Sweeney’s leadership. 3.) Supporting meetings between the City Council and staff with citizens in Fairway Park, Schafer Park, and other neighborhoods—and successfully resolving many of their problems.

ROB SIMPSON: We all share in community accomplishments, particularly those financed by our tax dollars. I’ve taken significant action, dedicating extensive personal resources, demonstrating unrelenting determination and commitment to the community in the following: Stopping the polluting power plants, investing nearly 1000 hours of my personal time and resources. I’ve given away 30,000 trees. 6,000 in the last four years. I’ve planned and sold the most environmentally sensitive, green development in Hayward. Vote Simpson for logic and action to move Hayward forward. Rob@redwoodrob.com

FRANCISCO ZERMEÑO: 1.) Founding and leading the Latino Business Roundtable. I saw a need to reach out to small business owners, seeing them as being the backbone of a strong local economy. 2.) Founding and leading the Chabot Green Team to begin educating our local community about an eco-friendly living style. 3.) Continuing our Cinco de Mayo Festival in City Hall Plaza. People who had never been Downtown were glad to have visited, with their children performing ballet folklorico or playing mariachi music.

  • J. W. Kyle

    The planned exyension of the BART tracks into Warm Sprins and Milpitas area bodes ill for South Hayward Station and the area surrounding within which Hayward has great hopes for redevelopment.

    Currently the residents of Warm Springs and Milpitras areas drive, in large numbers to tyhe Fremont Station Parking area at Civic Way to board the ttrains initiating another run to San Francisco.

    When the Bart System is extended to Warm Springs, the parking lot is cetrtain to offer new commute opportunity to mamny within the city of San Jose. That is where the problem will develop to the point of trouble for Bart patrons at South Hayward Bart Station.

    In the early 1980’s while working for a large bank’s northern California headquarters, I often scheduled full days ‘IN” the office as a device for catsh up on written reports. Those occasions gave opportunity to ride bart ona round trip although the second half ofyten required a ‘reverse direction’ ride to Civic Center station so enable assured seating…. a trick I should have used in the morning also.

    I boarded BART at Hayward Station now identified with City Hall but not labled as such. On most mornings at 6:45 or 7 AM the cars arrivedwith standing room only and the added patrons along the route added to the discomforts. Being over 6 feet tall, ifound myself breathing air fully loaded with odors of garlic and stale or sour wine. As we progressed along the route, a station or two it became impossible to attempt moving away from some indiviual passengers. The air conditioning system was of no help.

    I predict the same difficulty developing at South Hayward at what ever level of density is determined council. It will be intense when Warm Springs Station is opened.

    I make no guess as to the density which meets the requirments for profit-ability and need for open spaces. It will almost certainly impose addiorional vehicular traffic along Mission, past Fairway Park and into Union City.

    With the decline in auto sales and the recent departure of a once highly successful Ford Dealership, we see the unfortunate impact of unrelieved auto traffic along Mission Blvd.

    One can only wonder why HAPA-CATS thought the abandonment of the 238 Bypass was so sorely needed as a means of ‘preserving’ Hayward. Oddly, two of the candidates running for four seats are identified with HAPA-CATS and I find some of their proposed solutions rather inane, especially the idea that BART will spring for the costs of a new “Cal-State Station” at Harder Rd.

    Mr. Zermeno,not identifieable with HAPA Cats but
    certanly not one of the advocates of 238 Bypass, has some difficulty with staying on point, at least he did as I watched hios performaneon TV during some of the episoded involving the South Hayward Station Development pland. For instance, one night his limited questioning of staff involved his concern for safe, meaning ‘protected’ bycycle parking which is a concern of BART Hayward !He followed that up with a concern for installation of ‘art workis’ in open space atres. If he asked more adroitt questions on the point under discussions, I must have missed them.A nice man and I wish him well but he hailed to acquire my voye on the absemntee ballot which I mailed about one hour after I retrieved it from my mail box.

    I am sorry, eeven though I supported ZLinda B. in her first campaign, I could not do so again when after discovery of the fact that she was the plaintiff in a court filing against the indivals supporting the 238 Bypass construction. One of those was the President of Cal- State Hayward and another ws the irrepressable Bea Thornton, a lsdy hard to beat in her desire to ‘do the right thing for Hayward.

    My absentee ballot was marked for the incumbents and Mr, Peixoto. on the question of who should occupy the four year seats. Mr. Steve Schoot won my vote. This man undetrstated his job as a 911 jib dispatcher. He took it to a higher level when he instituted a jogb training program so as to assure that those answering those phone calls resulted in correct dispatch of the correct assistance needed. The man has ‘street moxy’ and should easily display the skills discerned by HPD and Firefighters who endorsed him.

  • J. W. Kyle

    sorry, the above item was a response to “d thing? (Q. # 6 ) Not # 8.)


text:
Comments on: Anti-bullying program at Hayward schools Mon, 15 Jun 2015 15:02:00 +0000 hourly 1 By: John W. Kyle Wed, 15 Jun 2011 04:41:19 +0000 K/ b….

humor? How dull !

By: Kathi Booth Wed, 15 Jun 2011 00:05:22 +0000 The name is Booth. I have much bigger things to interest me right now Mr. Kyle. I just snuck a peek at the blog and couldn’t resist pushing your buttons. Have a nice day…continue to find snide inane remarks to shoot my way. They provide much humor and distraction.

By: John W. Kyle Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:55:39 +0000 Bootsy

just for that I will not reveal the latest about Ringold! You would mot apptove of the use of portables!

Even when it removes the risk of attending class immediately above the Hayward Fault!

A fact which I pointed out to others…. off the blog.

Please continue yout interest in those trite matters at which you are the leading ‘expert’!

By: Kathi Booth Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:11 +0000 :=) back to that again? sso glad I give you something to post about.

By: John W. Kyle Tue, 14 Jun 2011 17:40:46 +0000 Kitty Boot

You are a cheap shot artist nothing more!

It was ytou who decried my concern over the parolee count in Hayward and Oakland.

2010-2011 tabulation of absentee rate at Longwood,d for the year just ended. Your inability to foresee solutions does not deter you from critizing those who think a soluition is possible…. truly a mindless individual.

Which partially explains your iability to take the bar exam!

By: Kathi Booth Tue, 14 Jun 2011 05:15:55 +0000 I sleep fine..they are less of a worry to me than you. Just knew I would get a rise out of you…you are so true to form Mr. Kyle. TTFN

By: John W. Kyle Tue, 14 Jun 2011 03:52:54 +0000 Katty Booth

…. true to your own character, another snide remark.

incidentally….;./ be aware that we enjoy over 900 parolees and probationers in zip code area 94541….

Try to sleep well with that thought in mind!

By: Kathi Booth Mon, 13 Jun 2011 16:07:41 +0000 Hmmm John Kyle perhaps you should re-read your entry and see if it applies to your actions on this blog.

By: Michael Moore Mon, 13 Jun 2011 15:07:16 +0000 Qodrn, I certainly agree with you.

By: John W. Kyle Mon, 13 Jun 2011 03:35:11 +0000 All;
On the subject of ‘Bullying’

Although empathetic to the victims of school yard bullies, I take another viewpoint to that which I see
being dominant as expressed here on the blog.

The fact is that victims, or those perceived as victims, need instruction in the arts of self defense. I would describe as ’self defense’ mechanism any inculcation by parents which builds self esteem, thus confidence, in aid of a child’s need to stand up and personally face the problem.

It is my belief that ’bullies’ suffer deficiencies in their own social skills. In some family situations it might be seen as reaction to bullying by siblings which in turn are the result of family disorder. In short, identification of school yard bullies ought be followed up by administrative insistence that parents be held responsible and counseled to achieve correction. It might even require filing of a formal complaint to police authority by school administration and/or social services at the County level.


text:
Born Konstantin Borisovich Tszyu on September 19, 1969 in Serov, Russia. A decorated amateur, Tszyu compiled a 259-11 record and won three European championships, gold at the 1990 Goodwill Games, represented Russia at the 1988 Olympics and beat Vernon Forrest to win the 1991 light welterweight World Amateur Championship in Australia.

He moved to Australia in 1992 where he turned pro and began a speedy march to the world title. He defeated Juan LaPorte (W 10) in his fourth bout and Livingstone Bramble (W 10) in his tenth. In only his 14th start, he defeated Jake Rodriguez (TKO 6) for the IBF junior welterweight title in 1995. Five successful defenses followed, including wins over Roger Mayweather (W 12) and Hugo Pineda (TKO 11) before being upset by Vince Phillips (TKO by 10) in 1997. In 1998 he beat Diosbelys Hurtado (TKO 5) for the interim WBC junior welterweight title and next stopped Miguel Angel Gonzalez (TKO 10) in 1999 for full WBC recognition.  He consolidated titles by defeating slick WBA champ Sharmba Mitchell in seven and became unified champion with a second round TKO over IBF champion Zab Judah in 2001. Successful defenses over Ben Tackie (W 12) and Jesse James Leija (TKO 6) followed before a series of injuries saw him stripped of the WBA and WBC belts. Once healthy, he defeated Mitchell (TKO 3) before losing the IBF title to Ricky Hatton (TKO by 11) in 2005 in his final fight.

A well-conditioned and disciplined fighter, Tszyu possessed lightning-quick reflexes and a powerful right hand. His pro ledger reads 31-2, 1 NC (25 KOs) and includes wins over Calvin Grove, Rafael Ruelas and Julio Cesar Chavez. In 1995 he became an Australian citizen.
Born: Sept. 19, 1969
Bouts: 34
Won: 31
Lost: 2
NC: 1
KOs: 25
Induction: 2011
Kostya Tszyu


text:
[b-greek] Re: Rev. 22:11 and 3rd person imperatives

From: Carl W. Conrad (cwconrad@artsci.wustl.edu)
Date: Fri Oct 19 2001 - 09:45:41 EDT

At 10:57 PM +0000 10/18/01, boyd@huxcomm.net wrote:
>I've had a lingering question about 3rd person imperatives,
>which was further kindled by Revelation 22:11. Here's the text:
>Wallace (sorry Clay :) discusses how the normal English
>translation of 3rd person imperatives ("let him . . .") often gives
>the wrong idea--permission--when in fact, "It's force is more
>akin to _he must_, or periphrastically, _I command him to . . ._"
>(GGBB, 486). Do you agree with this assessment?
>A few pages later he has a category of "Permissive Imperative
>(Imperative of Toleration)," under which he places a couple of
>3rd person imperatives. Are these "permissive imperatives"
>exceptions to normal usage of 3rd person imperatives?
>What are we to make of the imperatives in this verse? Wallace
>himself calls it an "ironic command" (p. 491, n. 109).

Clay has responded to the issue of interpretation of the imperatives in
this verse. I'd like to comment on what you cite from Wallace, p. 486. I
think that Wallace's note #97 on that page is fundamentally correct, but I
think that the problem involved in our translating 3rd person imperatives
as "LET him/her/them perform X (action)" has more to do with the relative
rarity of the expression and the failure of readers/hearers to recognize
this as a standard imperative formulation in English: the reader/hearer
senses an emphasis on the "let" as permissive when in fact it isn't
intended thus. Already in Koine Greek the 3rd person imperative was
beginning to be supplanted by AFES/AFETE and, optionally: acc. + inf. or
hINA + subj. Modern Greek has a third person imperative that is the
end-result of the latter development: AS NA + subj. (AS < AFES; NA < hINA).
Different languages have their own idiomatic ways of expressing the
third-person imperative notion:

French: que + pron. + subj., e.g. "qu'ils viennent" = "let them come"
German: (a) moegen + inf., e.g. "moegen sie kommen" = "let them come"
        (b) lassen + acc. + inf., e.g. "lassen sie kommen" = "let them come"

Carl W. Conrad
Department of Classics, Washington University (Emeritus)
Most months: 1647 Grindstaff Road/Burnsville, NC 28714/(828) 675-4243
cwconrad@artsci.wustl.edu OR cwconrad@ioa.com
WWW: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~cwconrad/

B-Greek home page: http://metalab.unc.edu/bgreek
You are currently subscribed to b-greek as: [jwrobie@mindspring.com]
To unsubscribe, forward this message to leave-b-greek-327Q@franklin.oit.unc.edu
To subscribe, send a message to subscribe-b-greek@franklin.oit.unc.edu

This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.4 : Sat Apr 20 2002 - 15:37:09 EDT


text:
Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission and Regulation and Energy & Environment and Utilities

Indiana water regulator must wait for new job

May 8, 2014

A lawyer for the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission must wait before becoming a lobbyist for a water utility overseen by the agency.

The State Ethics Commission ruled Thursday that Gregory Ellis must wait at least a year before he can accept a job as director of government affairs for the Indiana American Water Co.

Ellis was challenging an IURC policy drafted in 2011 in the wake of a revolving-door ethics scandal, The Indianapolis Star reported. Former IURC lawyer Scott Storms had been negotiating a job with Duke Energy in 2010 while overseeing proposed rate hikes for the company's Edwardsport coal-gasification plant.

Following Storms' actions, the IURC established a new one-year, "cooling off" period before regulators could accept work from anyone they had overseen.

But Ellis, who was seeking a waiver from the rule, argued that he had limited authority over water issues at the IURC.

"My colleagues would probably strangle me for saying this, but we're glorified law clerks," Ellis said.

But members of the ethics commission were skeptical of Ellis' statements that he had limited authority.

"I can't wrap my head around the concept that you're just a glorified law clerk," said Commissioner Priscilla Keith, a Democrat appointee to the panel.

The IURC scandal spurred then-Gov. Mitch Daniels to ask for the resignation of then-IURC Chairman David Lott Hardy, who had recommended Storms for the Duke job. Hardy was indicted by a Marion County jury on four felony counts of official misconduct in 2011, but a Marion County judge later threw out the charges. The Indiana Supreme Court upheld the lower court's dismissal last month.

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The Internet Book List - Spread the word

Book Information: Pi Man, the

Pi Man, the (1959) [Short Story]
by Alfred Bester Rating: No votes (Rate!)
Reviews: None (show them) Review!

Summary :

What if the universe was a giant pattern, balanced particularly and in need of constant compensation. In "The Pi Man", it is. And the method of compensation lies in a man named Peter Marko, who must spend every minute of every day doing the bidding of an unknown force compelling him to perform various tasks. Sometimes they are helpful to his fellow humans, other times they can go so far as to be termed abominable. Marko has no choice in the matter. If the task involves the one he loves, he can no more prevent its completion than if it involves his worst enemy. Now a beautiful woman is pursuing him for a relationship at all costs, and torn between wanting her and wanting to protect her, he doesn't know what to do.

Original title: The Pi Man
Original languages: English

Genre: FictionScience Fiction

This work is a subwork of the following works :
     Ascent of Wonder: The Evolution of Hard SF, the (1994) [Anthology]
      Authors: Arthur C. Clarke , Edgar Allan Poe , Ursula K. Le Guin , David Brin , Rudyard Kipling , Alfred Bester , Isaac Asimov , Philip K. Dick , Nathaniel Hawthorne , Robert A. Heinlein , Anne McCaffrey , Jules Verne , H. G. Wells , William Gibson , Frederik Pohl , Cordwainer Smith , Greg Bear , Bruce Sterling , Gregory Benford , Poul Anderson , James Blish , Larry Niven , Vernor Vinge , James Tiptree, Jr. , Rudy Rucker , Michael F. Flynn , Clifford D. Simak , James P. Hogan , Henry Kuttner , Catherine Lucille (C.L.) Moore , Cyril M. Kornbluth , Bob Shaw , Theodore Sturgeon , J. G. Ballard , Gene Wolfe , Gordon R. Dickson , Robert L. Forward , Ed Bryant , Dean Ing , Ian Watson , John M. Ford , Kate Wilhelm , Hal Clement , Randall Garrett , Raymond F. Jones , Philip Latham , Miles J. Breuer , Tom Godwin , John Sladek , Raymond Z. Gallun , Hilbert Schenck , Richard Grant , Theodore L. Thomas , Donald M. Kingsbury , George Turner , Katherine MacLean , Don A. Stuart

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1964 Evinrude Outboard Owner's Manual 205239 - Ken Cook Co.
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Wii U Release Date For Europe And Specs Confirmed: Nintendo's Console Hits Stores On Nov. 30, Not December

By @LisaEadicicco on

Nintendo announced that the Wii U release date for Europe will be on Nov. 30. This disproves the previous rumors that said the console would not be available until December due to manufacturing issues.

Nintendo's Wii U will be available in two different variations: a basic and a premium pack. The basic Wii U contains 8GB of storage, a white GamePad controller,  two AC adapters and an HDMI cable. The premium console comes with a black Wii U system, two AC adapters, an HDMI cable and 32GB of storage. This allows players to download and store more content on their console.

The premium Wii U package also includes extra accessories such as stands for the console and GamePad, a charging cradle, a sensor bar, and the Nintendo Land game. It was also announced that the sensor bar and Wii remotes from the previous console will be compatible with the Wii U. This means that users can buy the Wii U at its reduced price without having to pay for accessories that they do not need.

The new Wii U Pro Controller was also unveiled, which gives gamers the option to use a standard controller rather than the GamePad. The Pro controller can be used wirelessly and is charged by USB. Up to four controllers can connect to the Wii U console. It was also revealed that most Wii games will be compatible with the Wii U.

As for the specs, Nintendo has confirmed that the Wii U will display graphics in 720p and 1080p. The main memory of the Wii U is 20 times larger than that of the original Wii, with the ability to store 2GB. One of these gigabytes will be for gaming and the other will be for the system itself. This supports previous rumors that said the Wii U have this capability, allowing players to use the Internet without stopping their game.

The specs for the Wii U GamePad include a built in gyroscope, microphone, speakers, geomagnetic sensor, accelerometer, and an LCD touch screen. One GamePad controller is included in each pack, but in the future it will be possible to connect two GamePads to a Wii U system.

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Icon welcomes individuals and organisations from all backgrounds who identify with the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage.  Our membership embraces the entire conservation community as well as members of the public who are keen to learn more or show their support for conservation work.

Home National Conservation Education and Skills Strategy

National Conservation Education & Skills Strategy PDF Print E-mail

Icon's National Conservation Education and Skills Strategy (NCESS)

"Education and skills are fundamental to the future of the conservation sector. ICON's new Education and Skills Strategy is ambitious, but realistic in its ambitions and with the backing of its different stakeholders provides a route-map by which it may become reality.  I congratulate ICON on taking the initiative and urge its partners to support them wholeheartedly." -- Baroness Sharp of Guildford

Introduction to the Strategy (NECESS)

The National Conservation Education and Skills Strategy (NCESS) was launched in April 2012 at the Clothworkers' Hall, London.

The UK’s enormously rich and varied cultural heritage provides significant social and economic benefits. For this to continue, our cultural heritage needs to be cared for effectively. This will require a wide spectrum of society having an interest in working to preserve the material world, and having the knowledge, skills and understanding to do so. To meet this challenge, in the foreseeable economic climate, a strategic approach to the provision of conservation education, training and research is essential.

This strategy deals with the conservation of cultural heritage. The term conservation is used here to refer to the full range of activities associated with the restoration and preservation of our material heritage: analysis, assessment, treatment, documentation, protection, etc. The term cultural heritage is used here to refer to movable material heritage – including elements of buildings, such as wall paintings and stained glass windows but not the buildings themselves – as well as the intangible values associated with the material heritage.

Cultural heritage conservation is part of a rich and diverse “heritage industry” including cultural heritage conservation and restoration practitioners, scientists, architects, surveyors, managers, educators, traditional and heritage craftspeople, skilled trades (particularly associated with built heritage), owners, curators, librarians, archivists, technicians and volunteers. To deliver this strategy, it is essential to foster a collective responsibility, building connections between the built and moveable heritage sectors, the crafts and the conservation profession.

  • Conservation education and training are essential and complementary. They include the acquisition of knowledge and skills, and the development of understanding, judgement and awareness – from entry levels to advanced postgraduate research:
  • Knowledge that is both discipline-specific and common to all conservation disciplines, extending across art, humanities and sciences;
  • Skills, including traditional/craft, practical, research, and generic (including communication, management, business, and leadership);
  • Understanding, judgment and awareness (including awareness of professional ethics and of the values ascribed to material heritage).

Effective conservation practitioners need all of these for what is fundamentally an interpretive role in relation to cultural heritage. Conservation is characterised and enriched by a combination of the specialist and inter-disciplinary, crossing boundaries of humanities, science, art and craft. This expertise includes the ability to work collaboratively with a range of professionals, including curators, scientists, conservation scientists, art historians, historians, traditional craftspeople, heritage managers, owners and others.

Purpose of the Strategy

This strategy is a national strategy, setting the direction for conservation education over the next five years. The strategy aims to recognise the particular contexts of the devolved nations within the UK, and is contextualised within European and wider international developments.

Icon has facilitated the development and articulation of the strategy and therefore owns it.

However, responsibility for delivery of the strategy is not Icon’s alone; it lies with the UK cultural heritage community at large. This community is already contributing to many of the objectives in the strategy. The purpose of the strategy is to weave the various threads together, to persuade others to contribute, and to ensure the use of resources is optimised.

The strategy’s purpose is to foster a successful learning and research environment in the UK that delivers the knowledge, skills and understanding that will be needed in the future.

Conservation education in the UK already has an excellent reputation. There are well established working relationships between educators and employers, while qualifications and the professional standards enable many routes of entry to the profession. The strategy aims to build on these strengths by galvanising stakeholders, bringing people together, and including all those who contribute to the conservation of cultural heritage.

Read more about the organisations which have endorsed the Strategy

© 2015 Icon - The Institute of Conservation. Icon is registered as a Charity in England and Wales (Number 1108380) and in Scotland (Number SC039336) and is a Company Limited by Guarantee, (Number 5201058)
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Blog of the International Journal of Constitutional Law and
Home Developments Egypt’s New Draft Constitution of 2013: An Introduction and Appraisal

Egypt’s New Draft Constitution of 2013: An Introduction and Appraisal

Mohamed Arafa, Alexandria University (Egypt) and Indiana University McKinney School of Law

The Egyptian interim government supported by the Egyptian alqwaat almosellaa(h) (military) recently released the new draft Egyptian Constitutional Charter. This draft Constitution is intended to replace, via amendment, the more Islamistoriented de facto 2012 Constitution established during the recent reign of the Muslim Brotherhood (“MB”) under the leadership of the removed Islamist President Mohammad Morsi. The interim government and the constitution’s drafters (a committee of 10 legal experts plus 50 others) anticipate a large turnout to approve this constitution in an upcoming referendum. A large margin of approval would legitimize the existing transitional government, led by Interim President ‘Adli Mansour (Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court ‘SCC’), as he steers Egypt toward a more inclusive and credible democracy.

The draft Constitution seeks to reshape the institutions of the modern state, entrench public freedoms and rights, create a real separation of powers, establish effective checks and balances, and respect Egyptians’ sensible moderate religious beliefs. The draft also authorizes governmental institutions to respond to any terrorist activity, violence, and criminal acts committed by anyone (whether from the MB or not), and moreover establishes transparent procedures to ensure the propriety of the governmental response.

With regard to the structural design of the presidency, the President may serve two fouryear terms and candidates must be at least 40 years old, Egyptian and born to Egyptian parents. Neither candidates, their parents, nor their spouses may have foreign nationality, and dual nationality is outlawed. Parliament is authorized to vote no-confidence in the President and, if a twothirds majority approves, it may initiate a public referendum on whether there should be early presidential elections. Additionally, the People’s Assembly can impeach the President with supermajority approval in cases of constitutional violations, high treason, and the commission of a criminal act constituting felony under the Egyptian Penal Code. The president may issue a pardon or mitigate a sentence after consulting with the Cabinet, and public amnesty may only be granted by law.

The draft’s preamble declares that Egypt seeks to “build a democratic, modern country with a civilian government.” The President must appoint a Prime Minister, who must in turn be approved by Parliament. If the choice is denied, the President must accept the choice of the political party or coalition that holds a majority in the house. If that choice does not obtain majority approval, Parliament must be dissolved and new elections held.

With regard to religion, Article 2 remains unchanged since its entrenchment in the 1970s. It states that “the principles of Shariea [Islamic law] are the main source of legislation.” However, Article 219 of the abrogated 2012 Charter—which had been recommended by Islamists—has been omitted in the latest draft, as it was intended to be a tool for theocracy. The draft’s preamble now state that the Supreme Constitutional Court’s interpretation of Shariea will prevail. Moreover, AlAzhar, the primogenital and most prestigious Islamic institution in the world, is to be the “primary reference” in religious sciences and Islamic issues, but it will not have ultimate authority over any legislation. Likewise, the freedom of belief is “absolute,” not only “protected” as it was in under the 2012 Charter, and the freedom to practice religion and the establishment of houses of worship are constrained to believers in “Abrahamic or Divine religions”—Islam, Christianity, and Judaism—and subject to State laws. Also, the principles of the laws of Egyptian Christians and Jews are the main source of laws regulating their personal status, religious affairs, and selection of spiritual leaders. Furthermore, political parties may not be “molded on the basis of religion, sects, gender, race or geography,” and parties cannot participate in activities against the principles of democracy, be secretive or have military or paramilitary wings. The abrogated 2012 Charter had stated only that political parties could not “discriminate” on religious basis.

The new draft proscribes any discrimination against women and calls for complete equality between men and women. It urges the State to make arrangements that can guarantee women adequate representation in elected bodies and [local] councils and to be appointed in the main judicial bodies (Public Prosecution and State Council) for the first time in the Egyptian history and calls for proper representation of Christians, youth, and handicapped people in the next Parliament, with the percentage of seats assigned for these categories to be established by law.

With respect to the military, the Defense Minister must be a member of the armed forces and will be alqaed alaam lil alqwaat almosellaa(h) (CommanderinChief). After the ratification of this Charter and during the first two consecutive presidential terms (eight years), the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (“SCAF”) must approve the appointment of the Defense Minister, which appears to place the army above civilian oversight. The military budget will remain beyond scrutiny, with the National Defense Council (“NDC”) keeping jurisdiction and only the overall total available. Parliament will not have the right to discuss the military budget in detail. Civilians may still be tried by the military courts, in specific [exclusive] circumstances “except for crimes that represent a ‘direct attacks or assaults’ against military facilities, military barracks, or whatever falls under their authority; stipulated military or border zones; its equipment, vehicles, weapons, ammunition, documents, military secrets, public funds or military factories; crimes related to conscription; or crimes that represent a direct assault against its officers or personnel because of the performance of their duties.”

The new draft was created in the context of a social, political, and economic revolution that had as one of its essential objectives a rehabilitated focus on social and economic justice. The draft therefore enshrines personal and political rights in stronger language than previous constitutions. Citizens have the right to work, freedom of speech, dignity, assembly, strike, association, thought, demonstration, culture, movement, residence, migration, and to form unions and syndicates but these still can only be practiced “according to the law.” The State “guarantees the achievement of equality between women and men in all civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights” and provides protection to women from “any form or act of violence.” Slavery, human trafficking, sex trade (pornography), and “abuse of human beings” are forbidden. Also, public posts (jobs) and employment is a right for citizens on the basis of merit, with no favoritism or mediation. The draft also includes a limitations clause: “Rights and freedoms of citizens may not be suspended or reduced and no law that governs the exercise of rights and freedoms may restrict them in such a way as infringes upon their essence and foundation.” The draft moreover includes a system of taxation designed to achieve social justice and economic development; it furthermore provides that public taxes cannot be established, modified, or cancelled except by law, and it prohibits exemptions except in cases prescribed by law.

Under the new draft, the rule of law is the basis of governance in the State and there is no crime or punishment except by a virtue of law. The clauses regarding the arrest of citizens say, among other things, that “the conditions for preventive arrest will be determined by law.” Anyone arrested must be referred to interrogators within twentyfour (24) hours, an attorney must be present at the investigation and crossexamination, and the detainee has the right to “remain silent.” The draft provides an appeal remedy will be available against any illicit detention and the accused is innocent until proven guilty. The State’s power to seize electronic or regular mail and to disconnect or disable means of communication like the Internet are to be determined and governed by law. Artists, writers, and filmmakers are guaranteed freedom to create, but the media can be censored at times of war and public mobilization. Citizens have the public right to access information (official documents, statistics, and data) subject to national security interests.

Torture of “all sorts have been criminalized, with no statute of limitations.” The most significant point in this document is the clause that Egypt will be bound by international human rights agreements and covenants signed and ratified by the State.

The draft Constitution also protects children from economic abuse, sexual exploitation, violence and mistreatment. On the freedom of expression, media, and press, it is granted in “absolute” terms and journalists may be arrested and jailed—after trial—only if they harmed national security or the economy “but not for expressing an opinion.”

On socio-economic rights, the abrogated 1971 Constitution was silent on health, but the 2012 Charter specified that “All citizens are entitled to health care, and that treatment should be free for indigents.” The 2013 document goes much further, “compelling the State to ensure that health facilities are distributed geographically across the country, and even indicating that the State must allocate no less than 3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) to health in its annual budget…Denying any form of medical treatment to any human in emergency or lifethreatening situations is a crime.” Also, the right to free education was mandatory and primary education was obligatory under the 1971 Constitution and the 2012 Charter stipulated that “every citizen has the right to high quality education, and the State must allocate a sufficient percentage of the national revenue to technical education” without signifying what that sufficient percentage should be. The new draft offers even more explanation, clarifying that the objective of public education is to “build the Egyptian character, maintain national identity, plant the roots of scientific learning . . . of tolerance and nondiscrimination and no less than 4 percent of GDP should be allocated to education, and the State should ‘gradually’ increase that until it reaches ‘global rates.’” Additionally, the “State guarantees the independence of universities, scientific and linguistic academies, teachers, and university professors.”

The draft Constitution protects the right to natural resources, for adequate housing, a healthy environment, clean and safe food and sufficient water, and also assures and recognizes rights and interests for fishers, farmers, workers, elderly, youth, handicapped individuals, and Egyptians living abroad. Further, the State shall grant political asylum to any foreigner, encourage waqf (charitable endowments) and social security services (insurances and pension funds), and protect intellectual property rights.

With regard to reforms of the vertical system of government, the 2013 draft, just as its ancestor, provides that “the law regulates the manner in which governors and heads of other local administrative units are selected, and defines their mandate,” though the only saving grace is that local councils (which are elected) are empowered to withdraw confidence from the heads of local units, but those decisions can be overturned by the central government if they are considered to “damage the public interest.”

The draft Constitution does not substantially change the judiciary. Under the 2012 Constitution, the Attorney General was selected by the Supreme Judicial Council (“SJC”) and the President, but now the Council acts alone. In addition, the abrogated 2012 Constitution left the Supreme Constitutional Court’s configuration to legislation but the 2013 draft states the “Court’s assembly will select its President and the number of justices entirely on its own” and also provides that the “judiciary’s budget” will, for the first time, be integrated into the annual State budget as a “single figure.”

Finally, it should be noted that the draft does not bring significant and substantial reform to the security sector (police); the text retains the very substantial independence and privilege granted to the security sector by the abrogated 2012 Constitution.

In theory, this draft constitution should be a step forward for Egypt. Yet it is unlikely that this Constitution alone will end Egypt’s polarization, political and economic crisis, and ultimately bring effective stability and true democracy.

Suggested Citation: Mohamed Arafa, Egypt’s New Draft Constitution: An Introduction an Appraisal, Int’l J. Const. L. Blog, Dec. 30, 2013, available at:

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Published on December 30, 2013
Author:          Filed under: Developments

2 Responses

  1. Ahmed Bastaweesy

    wonderful article, showing the most significant rules included in the new constitutional draft.

  2. […] I-CONnect, מוחמד ערפה (Alexandria University, Egypt)  סוקר את טיוטת החוקה החדשה של מצרים שפורסמה על-ידי הממשלה הזמנית בתמיכת הצבא. החוקה החדשה […]

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Moving to Opportunity (MTO) for Fair Housing Demonstration: Interim Impacts Evaluation, Tier 1 Restricted Access Data, 1994-2001 [United States] (ICPSR 31661)

Principal Investigator(s):

Moving to Opportunity (MTO) was designed to answer questions about what happens when very poor families have the chance to move out of subsidized housing in the poorest neighborhoods of five very large American cities. MTO was a demonstration program: its approach combined tenant-based housing vouchers with location restrictions and housing counseling. MTO was also a randomized social experiment, carefully designed and rigorously implemented to test the effects of this approach on participating families. The interim evaluation included the collection of data on a wide range of outcomes that could potentially be affected by the MTO intervention. These outcomes fit into 6 study domains: (1) mobility, housing, and neighborhood, (2) adult and child physical and mental health, (3) child educational achievement, (4) youth delinquency and risky behavior, (5) adult and youth employment and earnings, and (6) household income and public assistance receipt. The restricted access data being made available through ICPSR includes many such analytic variables constructed from surveys and administrative data. The Tier 1 data also includes a census tract ID that allows researchers to link other neighborhood-level data.

Access Notes

  • One or more files in this study are not available for download due to special restrictions ; consult the restrictions note to learn more. You can apply online for access to the data. A login is required to apply for access. (Instructions on YouTube.)

    These data and documentation are restricted from general dissemination. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete an Agreement for the Use of Confidential Data, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research. Apply for access to these data through the ICPSR Restricted Data Contract Portal, which can be accessed via the study home page. Basic information about research usage of these data will be provided to the funding agency, the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

No downloadable data files available.

Study Description

Orr, Larry. Moving to Opportunity (MTO) for Fair Housing Demonstration: Interim Impacts Evaluation, Tier 1 Restricted Access Data, 1994-2001 [United States]. ICPSR31661-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2011-06-28. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR31661.v1

Persistent URL:

Export Citation:

  • RIS (generic format for RefWorks, EndNote, etc.)
  • EndNote XML (EndNote X4.0.1 or higher)

This study was funded by:

  • United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

Scope of Study

Subject Terms:   children, community involvement, education, educational assessment, educational environment, employee benefits, employment, food security, health, health behavior, health care, home ownership, homelessness, household composition, household income, housing conditions, housing costs, housing discrimination, housing occupancy, housing programs, housing units, income, job training, life plans, mental health, neighborhood conditions, neighborhoods, parent child relationship, parental attitudes, performance, poverty, public assistance programs, public utilities, rental housing, satisfaction, social behavior, social networks, student attitudes, student behavior, student misconduct, time utilization, transportation, welfare services, youths

Smallest Geographic Unit:   census tract

Geographic Coverage:   Baltimore, Boston, California, Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York (state), New York City, United States

Time Period:

  • 1994--2001

Date of Collection:

  • 2001--2002

Unit of Observation:   individual

Universe:   Residents of public or assisted housing in very poor neighborhoods in large cities.

Data Types:   aggregate data

Data Collection Notes:

These data and documentation are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development if further information is desired. As these data and documentation are being released in a zipped package, a documentation file has been provided by ICPSR to describe the contents of this zipped package.

For further information in regard to this collection, please review the "Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration: Interim Impacts Evaluation" report which includes an Executive Summary. This document can be accessed through the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development Web site.

Study Design:   Between 1994 and 1998, the housing authorities in five demonstration sites -- Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York -- worked in partnership with local nonprofit counseling organizations to recruit about 4,600 very low-income families for MTO. Each family was randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) The experimental group was offered housing vouchers that could only be used in low-poverty neighborhoods (where less than 10 percent of the population was poor). Local counseling agencies helped the experimental group members to find and lease units in qualifying neighborhoods. (2) The Section 8 group was offered vouchers according to the regular rules and services of the Section 8 program at that time, with no geographical restriction and no special assistance. (3) The control group members were not offered vouchers but continued to live in public housing or receive other project-based housing assistance. To use their vouchers, families assigned to the experimental group had to move to low-poverty areas. Those in the Section 8 group could use their vouchers to move to neighborhoods of their own choosing. Both groups were required to make these moves within a limited amount of time. In order to retain their vouchers, experimental families were required to stay in low-poverty areas for one year, after which they could move without locational constraints. Random assignment makes the three groups of participating families statistically the same, so that any later significant differences in the neighborhoods, housing, employment, or other aspects of the experimental group's lives in comparison with the control group can be attributed to the MTO intervention. Of course, such differences should only be attributed to MTO if there are social scientific hypotheses suggesting that changing location can influence these outcomes.

Sample:   All participants were surveyed (one adult per household). Participants were selected randomly.

Weight:   Please review the documentation files provided with this study for information about the weight variables.

Mode of Data Collection:   coded on-site observation

Response Rates:   89 percent

Original ICPSR Release:

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