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Tuesday, March 29, 2016

See you in Nuku'alofa next month

[Maikolo Horowitz of the 'Atenisi Institute is pasting this abstract up around Nuku'alofa...]

Kolofeke: how Tongan artists are remaking Auckland

A public seminar by Dr Scott Hamilton

Seven o'clock, Monday the 18th of April, 'Atenisi Institute, Longolongo

Twenty-first century Auckland teems with Tongan painters, sculptors, photographers, video makers, and performance artists. Some of these artists grew up in Auckland; others settled in the city as children or adults. Some return regularly to Tonga; others rely on talanoa at kava circles and images on facebook to keep in touch with their homeland. Auckland is a rambling and diverse city - the poet Karlo Mila likened it to an octopus - and Tongan artists have responded to its pleasures and frustrations in myriad ways.

Dr Scott Hamilton has been a fan of contemporary Tongan art for years, and has written a series of essays about the Tongan artists of Auckland for EyeContact, New Zealand's most widely read arts journal. In his seminar at the 'Atenisi Institute Hamilton will explain how Auckland's Tongan artists have helped him to think about his hometown in new ways.

Hamilton will discuss Kalisolaite 'Uhila, the performance artist who locked himself into a shipping container to memorialise the journeys of Tongan stowaways to Nu'usila, and shared a room with a puaka to examine the suffering of Tongan prodigal sons living far from their homeland; John Vea, who makes talo-shaped sculptures out of plaster and leaves them on Auckland's streets to draw attention to the role that Pacific labourers play in creating the city's wealth; Visesio Siasau, whose award-winning ngatu and sculptures juxtapose ancient Tongan gods like Hikuele'o with Sisu Kalaisi and his saints; Benjamin Work, who has taken the hieroglyphs of ancient 'akau tau and painted them in red and black onto the walls of Auckland's streets and galleries; Tui Emma Gillies, who covers ngatu with the unique sub-species of laione bred in Tonga; and Salome Tanuvasa, who has taken her video camera into factories and hotels where Tongan emigrants to Auckland work.

Bio Note
Scott Hamilton has a PhD in Sociology and a Masters Degree in Art History from the University of Auckland. He has published several books and scores of essays on culture, history, and politics. In 2015 he won the inaugural Auckland Mayoral Literary Grant and was the D'Arcy Writer in Residence on Waiheke Island. He is a featured author at this year's Auckland Readers and Writers Festival. Hamilton taught at the 'Atenisi Institute in 2013 and had a very good time. He began studying the Tongan language this year, and loves the word 'fakapikopiko'.
[This is Benjamin Work, posing with the hieroglyphs he discovered on ancient Tongan war clubs.]

Wednesday, March 23, 2016

The bandits of Westfield bridge

[This is another draft chapter from my manuscript about the Great South Road. I'm still checking one or two of the details.]
Sam Henderson had been driving for hours. His passengers were sleeping drunkenly. He slowed as he approached Westfield bridge, where the Great South Road twisted over the rail line that connected two blocks of a freezing works.

A length of wood balanced on two kerosene tins blocked the road just before it crossed the bridge. A hurricane lamp sat on the wood.

Two men stood beside the barricade. They had covered their faces with black stockings; their eyes were ripped slits. Even before Henderson had stopped his car, they had jumped onto the running boards beside his front doors. One of the masks spoke with an American accent; the other sounded Australian.

An arm reached through an open window, and pushed a colt revolver against Sam Henderson's ribs. A second pistol nuzzled the forehead of Sam's friend George Holland, who was sitting beside him in the front passenger seat. Sam's wife Grace had been sleeping in the backseat, alongside Eric and Len Manson. Now she began to tell the masked men about the three children waiting for her at home, and about the money they were welcome to take from her handbag.

George Holland and Eric Manson were not so eager to part with their cash. As soon as they had seen the barricade they had pushed rolls of pound notes under the back seat of the car.

As the barrel of a revolver pressed harder against his chest, Sam Henderson heard the voices promise him that no one would be hurt, that any money taken would be returned, that he would be compensated for the theft of his car. The robbers explained that they weren't really criminals, and were only waiting for a change in their fortunes. The masks were talking at the same time, and their voices were getting shriller.

One of the bandits kicked away the barricade, then leapt back onto one of the running boards of the car and ordered Sam Henderson to drive over Westfield bridge and a few hundred yards down the road. Then the doors were open, and Henderson was being invited, shrilly but politely, to step out of his car, to remove his coat. The gun was gone from his ribs, but his heart struck painfully against the bruise it had left. His wife and George Holland and Eric Manson were beside him; they were all climbing out of their suits in the same clumsy way they had climbed out of the car.

For most of the twenties Sam Henderson had been one of New Zealand's most successful jockeys. At a steeplechase in Paeroa in 1926 his horse had collapsed and died; he had broken so many bones that the New Zealand Racing Conference had assumed he would never race again, and had paid him one thousand pounds compensation. Henderson was riding again in twelve months. George Holland and the Manson brothers were also jockeys. They were all returning from the annual Te Kuiti Race Meet, which had begun on Saturday and attracted thousands of punters.

Henderson and his friends did not necessarily need to ride to make money at events like the Te Kuiti Race Day. Jockeys were forbidden from betting on races, but many made wagers through surrogates. With their knowledge of the sport and their access to gossip they could pick winners much more easily than most punters.

Sam Henderson had a better view of the bandits now. One was tall; the other had the body of a jockey. They were groping the pockets and tugging the sleeves of their victims' coats. Then a revolver was pointing down the Great South Road toward the Westfield bridge and Otahuhu, and an American accent was telling the Hendersons and their friends to walk away; the car was leaving. The robbers slid into the vehicle's front seats, slammed the doors, and started the engine. Then a doors opened again, as the robbers shouted together. They had discovered Len Manson still asleep in the back seat. Manson was not happy to be woken to be woken. 'You big Yankee mug!' he yelled, as the tall man dragged him out of the car.

Manson stood with his friends and watched the tail lights of Sam Henderson's car disappear. The little group waited in the dark for several minutes, until a single light appeared in the south. Douglas Wallace was bringing his motorbike from Ngaruawahia to Auckland with his friends Percy and Henry Fletcher. Percy was riding Wallace's motorbike for the first time; Henry was clinging to his brother's back, while the owner sat in a side chair.

For a minute or two, the motorcyclists thought they were being treated to some complicated joke. They smelt the alcohol on Sam Henderson's breath; they waited for his wide eyes to narrow mirthfully, and for his dry lips to curl into a smile. But Sam Henderson wasn't joking, and soon Percy Fletcher was revving the motorbike and setting out with his friends across the Westfield bridge and up the Great South Road. Douglas Wallace wished that he was driving. From his perch in the sidecar he noticed dozens of shards of glass spread out over the road. Had the thieves driven their new car into a wall or a tree?

Percy Fletcher reached sixty miles an hour on the straight stretch of the Great South Road that ran through Penrose towards the Harp of Erin inn. Two cars idled in the distance, beyond a stone crushing yard. Fletcher got closer, and a pair of men slid out of the back car. They pointed down the road, shouted at each other, ran toward the other car. One of them scuttled into the driver's seat; he had already started to pull away when his companion jumped on the sideboard. Percy Fletcher recognised the car he was chasing as a Morris-Cowley saloon, fashionable and expensive. Douglas Wallace saw a flash of white light and a flame, and heard a cracking sound. The bandit on the running board was shooting at him.

The bike soon slowed, as the tyre of its sidecar wobbled. As the Morris-Cowley disappeared Percy Fletcher braked, and his passengers dismounted. Wallace stooped by the side chair and found one tear after another in its tyre. He thumbed the tube free from its casing, and found more tears. He walked down the road in the lamplight, looking for bullet shells. Instead he found the dozens of long tacks he had mistaken for fragments of glass. The bandits had anticipated pursuers.

The next morning trenchcoated detectives clustered around Sam Henderson, as he walked from Westfield bridge towards his abandoned vehicle. Reporters and photographers and kids on bikes followed at a polite distance, and families in slow-moving cars brought up the rear of the strange procession. The people of Penrose and Ellerslie wandered out of their houses and looked for bullet casings in their gutters.

The Auckland Star was running a report on the ambush and chase under the headline 'Bandits at Westfield', as well as a long interview with Grace Henderson entitled 'Don't Shoot Us!' The New Zealand Herald offered a photograph of the Westfield bridge, and explained that the bridge's underpass offered perfect cover for highwaymen. It was the 27th of November 1928, and Auckland was in shock.

In the 1860s the Great South Road was built by and for soldiers. Maori nationalists sniped at and ambushed the road's first users, and pillaged many of the houses built beside it. For a few years the road was defended by redoubts and patrols. Cemeteries and monuments were built to store and commemorate its victims. By 1928, though, the roadside violence of the sixties had been forgotten by Pakeha New Zealanders. Theirs was a stout and peaceable society, and highway robbery was inexplicable and appalling and perhaps a little thrilling.

Three weeks before the ambush at Westfield bridge a pair of young men stepped off a steamship called the Marama and into New Zealand. Roy Kitching was twenty years old, and had blonde hair that he parted in the middle. David Stewart, who also used the aliases Stonor Stewart and Stonor McAfee, was eight years older and about a foot taller than his companion, with dark receding hair and rimless glasses. Both men wore new suits and felt hats. Kitching had ten pounds in his wallet; Stewart carried one hundred pounds and two handguns.

Kitching and Stewart had met in Melbourne about a year earlier, shortly after Stewart arrived in the city from America, claiming to be an emissary of Shaw Aviation, one of numerous small companies trying to turn air travel from an adventure sport into an industry. Kitching came from one of Melbourne's wealthier families, and was recovering from a car crash.
Using homophobic code, the New Zealand Truth would later describe Kitching as a 'delicate youth' with a 'weak mouth', who was inevitably 'dominated' by his older companion.
In the spring of 1928 Stewart had needed to leave Melbourne urgently. He and Kitching had driven north to Sydney, then sold their car and caught the Marama. They stayed for a few days at Auckland's Central Hotel, at the bottom of Queen Street, and drank and ate at Auckland's best bars and restaurants, where they quickly made friends. Stewart introduced himself as the director of the 'New Zealand Aerial Service', a company that would soon begin flights between Auckland and many cities and towns in the North and South Islands. Kitching was his secretary.

Stewart chartered a car, then rented a bungalow on Epsom's Liverpool Street, close to Cornwall Park. He hired a housemaid, but asked her not to begin work too early in the morning. Some of the solicitors and doctors who lived on Liverpool Street complained to one another about the nightly parties at the bungalow; others preferred to drink with the glamorous foreigners, and hear about the airline they were establishing. The Truth would later report that 'more than one damsel of alleged social standing' also joined the festivities at 11 Liverpool Street.

On November the 24th, after two and a half weeks in Auckland, Stewart and Kitching ran out of money. Both men cabled their families to ask for funds. Kitching's family did not reply immediately; Stewart's mother cabled him her love, but did not send any cash. The American began to write valueless cheques.

Stewart and Kitching soon decided to turn to Aucklanders for help. They would only take what they needed, and would be careful to return what they had taken as soon as their families replenished their bank accounts. On Sunday, during the rest day in the Te Kuiti races, they drove slowly up and down the Great South Road, and discovered the recently built Westfield bridge, with its swan neck curve and dark underpass. They noticed a hurricane lamp amidst some roadworks, and timber lying about at a small lumber yard close to the bridge. They returned on Monday afternoon, left their car a couple of miles up the road, and hid under the bridge.

The Te Kuiti races ended at about four o'clock. The sale of liquor was banned in Te Kuiti and in the rest of the King Country, so punters could not hole up in a nearby pub. Many had already gotten drunk on beer and spirits they had bought at the pubs of the Waikato and smuggled across the Puniu River, or acquired from local bootleggers at the edge of the racecourse. The pubs of the Waikato closed at six o'clock, so if the racegoers from the north hurried home they could hope to get back across the border in time to drink a bottle or two.

By ten o'clock cars were stuttering through Auckland's southern suburbs, near the end of their journeys from Te Kuiti. One jockey was a couple of miles north of Otahuhu when he noticed two men standing on the road, on either side of a hurricane lamp. The men were waving their arms, as though they needed help. The driver sped up, and swerved to avoid the lamp. Kitching and Stewart fled.

A little later another driver noticed a length of timber. He stopped and stepped out of his car and pushed the barricade aside, shouting 'I'd like to get hold of the man who put this here!' The bandits again retreated to their underpass.

In the statements they eventually gave to police, Stewart and Kitching remembered that by one o'clock in the morning they had been ready to abandon their plan. They had been nervous enough when they arrived at Westfield bridge, and the resistance of the Great South Road's motorists had made them almost hysterical. They were about to walk back to their car and drive home when Samuel Henderson's vehicle appeared. Henderson was driving slowly, and his passengers appeared comatose. The bandits decided that they could cope.

But the ambush was unprofitable. Kitching and Stewart were too nervous to search the captured car carefully: they missed the wads of cash that George Holland and Eric Manson had hidden. Stewart had intended to steal and sell Henderson's car, but Percy Fletcher panicked him into abandoning the vehicle.

Kitching and Stewart reached their bungalow at one thirty, only half an hour after they had stopped Sam Henderson. They sat up all night, waiting for lights in their drive and fists on their door. The police did not come, so in the morning they drove the Morris-Cowley to the Central Hotel: perhaps they were hoping for a drink, or a cable from abroad. The Central's doorman smiled at the two men, and congratulated them on their robbery. In a town as tight as 1920s Auckland, the bandits' exotic accents had been enough to give them away.

Stewart and Kitching fled north, stopping at Kaikohe's hotel. They quickly spent the little cash they had taken in their robbery. The police had by now raided Liverpool Street, and learned of the bandits' destination. They contacted their counterparts in Northland.

The bandits soon left Kaikohe. They went further north to Kaitaia, then exchanged the gravel of Highway One for the ironsand of Ninety Mile Beach. They reached Te Paku Stream, near the end of the beach and the end of New Zealand, and asked locals if its waters were very deep. The locals lied, and the hired saloon car was soon submerged in six feet of water and stuck in sand.

Now Stewart and Kitching were stranded and broke. They retreated from the car to the scrub hills at the edge of the beach. They shot rabbits with their revolvers and cooked them on a fire kindled with broken toi toi and lupins. They slept in the open for two nights, then somehow rescued their car, drove back to Kaikohe, and took another room. When Constable Duddy of Rawene and Constable Wolfendale of Kaikohe pushed their way into the room they found a colt revolver and fifteen rounds of ammunition on the pedestal of the bed the men were sharing.

A crowd surrounded Auckland's Supreme Court on the 28th of November, blocking the van that rolled up Anzac Avenue. Aucklanders had come to see the bandits, and they were more curious than bellicose. Stewart and Kitching emerged from the van holding felt hats over their faces. Suddenly ashamed of his height, Stewart stooped into his hat. Unable to see their way forward and disoriented by the noise of the crowd, the highwaymen staggered toward the door of the courthouse. A bemused policeman walked slowly behind them.

In the statement he had already given to police, Kitching had said that he was 'relieved' to be arrested, because he was 'weary' of the company of the man he called Stonor. The American had charmed and corrupted and manipulated him. Kitching wanted to return to Australia, and to never see the other bandit again. In the dock of the Supreme Court, though, Kitching chatted happily to Stewart. The two men smiled at each other when some of the details of the Westfield ambush were recited by a prosecutor.
When they appeared in court again in the first week of February, Stewart and Kitching pleaded guilty to aggravated robbery, and not guilty to a slew of more minor charges, which were promptly dropped. A representative of the Kitching family had arrived in Auckland with an affidavit about Roy's character signed by sixteen worthy Melbournians. A manager of a local bank appeared, and confirmed that he was holding a large sum of money on behalf of the Kitching family, so that the victims of the Westfield ambush might be recompensed.

The bandits' lawyers explained that their clients had been determined to steal as politely as possible, and to return the cash they took as soon as funds arrived from Australia and America. Stewart had not intended to push his gun into Samuel Henderson's ribs; Kitching had fired accidentally at the motorcycle pursuing him. The men did not really block the Great South Road: the structure they made with kerosene cans and timber was too flimsy to be considered a barricade. Stewart and Kitching deserved probation, not imprisonment. They had already spent months waiting for trial in the unsalubrious Mount Eden prison. If Kitching were allowed to leave New Zealand, he would sequester himself on a farm his brother owned in Western Australia. Stewart would return to America.

Judge Archie Blair had the job of sentencing David Stewart and Roy Kitching. Blair had been admitted to the bar in the nineteenth century, but had only recently become a Supreme Court judge. He was fascinated by engineering as well as the law, and had designed one of New Zealand's first speedometers. Blair agreed that the men were 'amateurs in crime', but declined to give them probation. He sentenced them to a year's reformative probation. They would go to jail, but would not have to swing hammers and push barrows in Mount Eden's quarry. Stewart would get an extra six months' detention for passing bad cheques.

By contrast, three Maori robbers who had put a gun to a farmer's ribs outside Rotorua had each been sentenced to two years' hard labour plus two years' reformative detention in 1926. A sexagenarian who robbed an Auckland bank in 1925 got five years' detention.

The New Zealand Truth denounced the sentence. The paper reminded Justice Blair that Stewart and Kitching were 'highwaymen', albeit highwaymen with 'social aspirations' and 'timorous dispositions'. They had been spoiled by their families; now they were being 'spoon-fed' by the justice system. Blair's sentence suggested that the 'ancient game of highwayman' was now 'less serious, insofar as the consequences are concerned' than the mundane offense of breaking and entering. Had the judge been influenced by the 'romance' of Stewart and Kitching's crime?

The Truth claimed that the light sentence given to Stewart and Kitching was the 'sole topic of conversation' at Mount Eden, and suggested that the two men would not enjoy the rest of their time at the prison.

If Stewart and Kitching were villains, then Percy Fletcher was, for a while at least, a hero.

The Auckland Star called his pursuit of the bandits 'wildly thrilling', and the Truth ran a photograph of him sitting on Douglas Wallace's motorbike, like a knight ready to ride into battle.

In 1934, six years after the chase up the Great South Road, Percy and his brother Henry appeared again in Auckland's newspapers. They were tried for the theft and conversion of two cars in the same court where Stewart and Kitching had stood for sentencing.  When the Fletchers were found guilty of receiving stolen goods, their lawyer argued for mercy, explaining that Percy was suffering from epilepsy, and that he and his brother were poor. The court was reminded of the bravery Fletcher had shown on the night of November the 26th, 1928, when he pursued two bandits up the Great South Road in a spectacle that excited all of Auckland.

Percy and Henry Fletcher were sent to Mount Eden for a year. Unlike David Stewart and Roy Kitching, the brothers got hard labour.

[Posted by Scott Hamilton]

Friday, March 11, 2016

Rethinking Anzac Day

The Dadaist protests at Te Tii marae on February the 6th prompted many conservative Kiwis to once again demand that Waitangi Day be junked, and April the 25th be made into New Zealand's national day. 'If Maori want Waitangi Day for themselves, let them have it', former Act MP Muriel Newman proclaimed, as she condemned Maori radicals and other dildo-throwers and called for John Key to make his boycott of Te Tii permanent.
A post at The Standard also counterposed Waitangi Day to Anzac Day, but argued that February the 6th was a more auspicious date than April the 25th. Many of the The Standard's readers used the comments thread under the post to attack Anzac Day as a glorification of war and misogyny, and to suggest that it should be ignored rather than celebrated. Here's a comment I made at The Standard:
I think some of the commenters here underestimate how much variety and contradiction there has been within Anzac Day commemorative activities, and overestimate how much external opposition there has been to Anzac services.
One commenter claims that ‘Anzac Day used to be full of protests’. In the 1930s left-wing opponents of fascism sometimes leafleted Anzac services at the Domain. Decades later a few members of Nga Tamatoa also intervened in services, laying wreaths for the Maori victims of the New Zealand Wars. Early in the twenty-first century tiny groups of opponents of New Zealand deployments in Afghanistan, Timor Leste and the Solomons disrupted some Anzac Day services in Wellington. It would be hard to claim that there has been a continuous or strong tradition of protest on Anzac Day.
Within the Returned Services Association and other groups connected to Anzac Day, though, there has been much more conflict over how to view war than is sometimes suspected. In the aftermath of World War One, when decisions about how best to remember the war’s dead were being made, the RSA and other groups were riven with arguments between those who wanted a Christian theme for remembrance and those in favour of secularism at ceremonies. Significant disputes also took place between veterans inclined towards pacifism and those who were ardent imperialists and militarists. These conflicts are reflected in the widely varying styles of our early war memorials (some use crosses, many use pagan symbols like the obelisk) and the many different texts on these memorials (some are very jingoistic, others focus on the tragedy of war). Maureen Sharpe described some of these disputes in an essay for New Zealand Journal of History.
There was a very strong movement immediately after World War Two amongst veterans of that conflict to support the Labour government and its wartime nationalisations of key industries. In 1945 left-wingers inside the Returned Services Association helped organise a monster rally against fascism and for the nationalisation of the means of production outside parliament.
Although the Returned Services Association had a well-deserved reputation for reactionary attitudes in the decades after World War Two, it nevertheless contained many members and even some leaders with anti-war and anti-imperialist views. The Papatoetoe branch of the RSA, for example, was led for some time by Steve Hieatt, a communist trade unionist who had led the Mangakino power workers off the job during the 1951 Waterfront Lockout and who helped found Auckland’s movement against the Vietnam War a decade and a half later. Hieatt volunteered for and fought in World War Two, because he saw the necessity of defeating Hitler, but he nevertheless took part in a rank and file mutiny during his basic training, in protest at the conditions he and his comrades were kept in. (I knew Hieatt at the end of his life, when we were both members of the Anti Imperialist Coalition formed to protest the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.)
It is simplistic to say that Anzac Day has become nothing more than a celebration of violence. Anzac Day ceremonies vary greatly from place to place, and sometimes have militarist overtones. More often, though, they show the influence of a strange sort of pacifism. In the post-Vietnam, post-Anzus era New Zealand governments have only been able to justify sending troops abroad by making arguments that cynically invoke pacifism and peacemaking. When our troops intervened help overturn Timor Leste's elected president and to support one set of Iraqi theocrats against another our leaders talked about honouring New Zealand's history of playing the peacemaker, and about our duty to make the world safer. The sort of bellicose, Anglomaniacal rhetoric that William Massey deployed when he sent troops off to die in Turkey is no longer saleable. Most of the young people who attend Anzac commemorations would never think of themselves as militarists.
Perhaps we should try to reform Anzac Day, so that it becomes a day for remembering and discussing history, rather than an exercise in myth-making? A good place to start would be insisting that on the 25th of April we remember that the first Anzacs died in the Waikato, helping conquer the territory of an independent Maori state. When the right tries to glorify Willie Apiata, we should talk about left-wing war heroes like John Mulgan and Steve Hieatt.
[Posted by Scott Hamilton]

Saturday, March 05, 2016

Sailing the Great South Road

[Here's another excerpt from the slowly accumulating manuscript of Fragments of the Great South Road.]

In 1932 Lawrence Beavis sailed a very small ship into Auckland's main port. The Ysabel was twenty feet long and three feet wide, but it boasted several intricate sails. Above the ship's prow an angel carved from a block of pine clutched a Bible. A crowd watched Beavis manoeuvre between the ferries and cargo ships of Waitemata harbour. According to the New Zealand Herald, the 'Lilliputian' craft prompted both 'admiration' and 'facetiousness'.

After tying up the Ysabel, Beavis introduced himself as a veteran but unemployed sailor from Silverdale. He had steered his ship down the Weiti River from Silverdale into the upper Hauraki Gulf, then headed south around the Whangaparoa peninsula to Auckland. With wind in its sails the vessel could travel at three knots an hour.

The little ship was named after the barquentine that Anglican missionaries had sailed for decades between the islands of the tropical Pacific. Beavis had worked on the missionaries' Ysabel, but the vessel had burnt to the waterline in 1927. Now, like tens of thousands of other New Zealand men, Beavis was unemployed, and doing relief work for a few shillings a week. With the miniature Ysabel he could travel cheaply.

In the 1930s Silverdale was still a small settlement stretched along the banks of the Weiti River. In the nineteenth century fishermen, boat builders, smugglers, and pirates had been attracted to the complicated and sheltered coastline near the village. By the 1930s, though, metal vessels built in large urban shipyards had taken over the work once done by Rodney's wooden schooners, and the Great Depression had closed many wharves.

Lawrence Beavis was not content to build small ships. At the end of the winter of 1933 the Auckland Star published a photograph of him standing on a ladder that leaned against a forty foot long vessel with two tall masts. Loose timber lay at the bottom of the ladder; kanuka and pine rose behind the ship. The Star explained that the photograph had been taken beside the Weiti River, where Beavis had been working on a 'gospel ship' called the Ysabel.

An article published in several other newspapers called the Ysabel as 'the strangest craft an amateur boat builder has ever planned'. Beavis had used wood 'obtained in the bush', and 'measured everything by the span of his fingers'. His chisel was an old file. He had cut verses from the Bible onto every piece of timber in his craft.

On the night of February the 14th, 1935, the Ysabel was tied to the wharf on Weiti River when it caught fire. Beavis could salvage only a few pieces of his ship.

In the months after this disaster, the old sailor bought a series of advertisements in the personal columns of the New Zealand Herald, where widowers often placed requests for new brides and children were offered for adoption. On the 26th of March Beavis published the message 'To the Glory of God, will rebuild the Gospel Ship'. In April he requested 'Timber and Bolts...to build New Gospel Ship'.
By the winter of 1935, Beavis was ready to try more drastic methods of fundraising. With wood saved from the Ysabel he built himself a new vehicle, a wheelbarrow that he filled with food, waterproof sheets, a carved angel, and a Hawaiian steel guitar. In a series of letters to Auckland's newspapers, Beavis explained that his new 'ship' was called the White Barrow, and that he would be 'sailing' it to Wellington.

On the morning of the 16th of July Beavis pushed his barrow from Auckland's central post office up Anzac Avenue and Symonds Street, down Khyber Pass Road, and onto the Great South Road at Newmarket. He was wearing white sandshoes, a soft hat, and a dark suit, and had pinned a sign saying Auckland to Wellington on his craft.

Wheelbarrowing was popular in 1935. In New Zealand and many other parts of the British empire, 'wheelbarrow derbies' were being held in many towns and villages to raise money for charities and entertain locals drained of disposable income by the Great Depression. A popular Auckland race went from Mount Mangere to the Waitemata waterfront. Lawrence Beavis was unusual in pushing a barrow without a passenger, and in planning to push his barrow so far.

Beavis told the New Zealand Herald reporter that he hoped to play his guitar for audiences in the towns and villages along the Great South Road and Highway One, and to ask these audiences for money to rebuild his 'gospel ship'. When the ship had been reconstructed he would first sail it in the Tasman Race, an annual event that began in Auckland and ended in Melbourne, and then take it to the Holy Land, where he hoped to observe the fulfilment of a series of prophecies made in the Bible. Beavis planned to cover twelve miles a day on the White Barrow, and to reach Wellington in seven weeks. He would not push his barrow on Sundays.

Lawrence Beavis was not alone in expecting portentous events in the Middle East during the 1930s. In the middle years of the decade the faith healer, British Israelite, and amateur Egyptologist AH Dallimore was regularly filling Auckland's Town Hall with his followers, and promising them that the end of history was at hand. For Dallimore and many other believers in British Israelism, the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War One and Britain's occupation of Jerusalem and the rest of Palestine were fulfilments of prophecies made by John of Patmos and by the builders of the pyramids. The British were a lost tribe of Israel, the Windsors were the direct descendants of Abraham and other Old Testament patriarchs, and Christ was about return to reign under a Union Jack in Jerusalem.

Dallimore and his followers built their own church, close to the Great South Road in Otahuhu, but most British Israelites worked inside mainstream denominations. William Massey, New Zealand's Prime Minister between 1912 and 1925, was a British Israelite and a Presbyterian. It would not have been difficult for Lawrence Beavis to serve on a mission ship like the Ysabel while espousing British Israelite doctrines.

Beavis' proposed wheelbarrow journey to Wellington must have seemed almost as far-fetched as his plan visit to the Holy Land. In the 1930s New Zealand's roads were improving, and the Automobile Association felt confident enough to publish a series of maps and guidebooks and hold rallies for its members in remote and newly roaded districts like the Ureweras. Some of the least popular stretches of the Great South Road, like the muddy, rutted, and vertiginous route over the Razorback Hills at the southern end of Auckland, had been bypassed. But the road still had many miles of gravel, and was often blocked. Even in the southern suburbs of Auckland drovers still took cattle and sheep up and down the road; sometimes their herds proved as erratic and obstructive as the numerous creeks and rivers that the road crossed and followed.
Beavis soon began to mail reports on his progress south to newspapers. He wrote in truncated, almost telegraphic sentences, and used nautical jargon and imagery obsessively. In a letter quoted by the Auckland Star on July the 24th, Beavis reported a 'fast run' from Huntly to Ngaruawahia. As 'the wind hauled to the port quarter' he made the journey between the two islands in only six hours. At Ngaruawahia his 'anchor was dropped' for the night.

On the sixth of August Beavis was telling readers of the Star that he had entered the King Country, after a journey through the 'rough seas' of the Waikato district. South of Hamilton he had encountered 'rough weather', and had needed to 'dock for the night' at a farmhouse. The White Barrow had sailed into Te Awamutu at one thirty the next afternoon, then weighed anchor a couple of hours later. At two the next morning, though, Beavis had been forced to 'hove to' and spend the night under a seaside tree. 'Weather looking bad' he reported, 'but nothing to do but sail'.

Beavis played his Hawaiian guitar in some of the towns and settlements along the Great South Road and Highway One, but the cold rain that fell for much of August 1935 kept his audiences tiny. In a letter to Wellington's Evening Post, he complained that many of the people he met on the road considered him warily. Instead of recognising that he was raising funds for a holy mission, they considered him an eccentric, or a con man, or both. In the winter of 1935 thousands of men were walking New Zealand's roads. Disillusioned with the relief work offered in the cities and in prison-like camps by the government, they scavenged and begged for food, and sometimes found temporary employment planting potatoes or cutting gorse for shorthanded farmers. Beavis' plans to sail across the world must have seemed quixotic, at best, to these men, and to the people he asked for money.

Beavis appears to have followed the Great South Road as far as Te Awamutu, then taken Highway Three through the King Country, 'dropping anchor' at Otorohanga and Te Kuiti, before rejoining Highway One on the North Island's cold central plateau. At Waiorou, the highest town on the island, two feet of snow lay in his barrow. Gales blew his suit 'to ribbons'.

While Beavis was suffering, a couple of younger, more affluent, and more glamorous men were beginning their own wheelbarrow journey to Wellington. On the fifth of August Gordon Lukey and his friend JC Schofield set out for Wellington. Lukey was a well-known cyclist, and the wheelbarrow he pushed had been sponsored and designed by several Wellington businesses. The 'snailoplane', as Lukey and Schofield called their vehicle, had pneumatic tyres specially designed for their journey by a rubber manufacturer, a comfortable seat, a footrest, a clock, and a horn.

Supporters followed Lukey as he pushed Schofield down the Great South Road, stopping at Greenlane for twenty minutes, at Otahuhu for half an hour, and at Manurewa for forty-five minutes, before putting in for the day at Papakura, where a crowd of locals surrounded the two young men, and the snailoplane was pronounced the most luxurious wheelbarrow ever to enter the suburb. Lukey praised Schofield as a 'jolly good passenger', and told a reporter for the Auckland Star that he hoped to reach Wellington in a month.

After following the Great South Road through the Waikato, Lukey and Schofield turned away from the central plateau and travelled along the Taranaki coast, where the weather was milder. Crowds and journalists waited for them.

While the two young men were cruising south, Lawrence Beavis was sending a series of melancholy but defiant notes from the small towns of the Manuwatu and the Wairarapa. In a letter mailed from Bulls he complained of continued bad weather, and warned that he might break down shortly owing to trouble all round'. But Beavis maintained that, even if he was 'wrecked', he would 'have the honour of having played straight'. He may have resented Lukey and Schofield's willingness to race their barrow on Sunday.

At the beginning of September hundreds of Wellingtonians applauded Gordon Lukey, as he pushed his friend down Lambton Quay to the city's central post office. Newspapers celebrated Lukey's feat, and he and Schofield were treated to a concert at Wellington's opera house.

More than a week later, a short article in the Evening Post summarised a series of epistles the paper had received from Lawrence Beavis. Beavis' letters had, the Post said, 'a plaintive note'. He had grumbled about receiving no acknowledgement, let alone welcome, when he pushed his barrow into Palmerston North. In a letter posted a few days later from Levin 'Beavis gave expression to his opinion that playing a Hawaiian steel guitar as a means to raising money is futile'.

At a quarter past twelve on the afternoon of the eleventh of September, Beavis dropped anchor in front of Wellington's central post office. His journey had taken eight weeks and twelve hours. He had raised only two pounds on his way to the capital, and had no alternative but to return on foot to Auckland.

But Beavis had not given up hope of building a new 'gospel ship'. He told a report for the Evening Post that he wanted a forty-nine foot vessel, with auxillary engines. Instead of talking about sailing to the Holy Land to witness miracles, though, he now fantasised about taking a missionary ship and sailing it to 'all the ports of New Zealand'.

By the end of September Beavis was writing to the Auckland Star from Otaki. 'Instead of pushing the barrow, I'm towing its astern' he explained. 'Pushing is too common, so I'm doing something different. I hope I get a better hearing on the return.' By November he had reached Huntly, 'after a stormy trip from Hamilton': being 'in ballast', he had felt 'very uncomfortable'. Beavis planned to 'anchor' in Papakura, and spend the last Sunday of his journey in that suburb. He had received a little more money on his return journey, but had spent most of it on food and other necessities, and now 'despaired of ever being able to raise funds honestly' for his ship.

On the afternoon of the sixth of November, after a return journey of forty-one days, Beavis reached Auckland's central post office. A crowd gathered outside the building, but according to the Auckland Star its members were in a 'jocular' rather than celebratory mood. As Beavis stopped his barrow, observers 'passed witticisms concerning his adventure'.

Beavis' adventures were not over. He returned to Silverdale and, despite a lack of funds and encouragement, built a new ship. Like the Ysabel that Beavis had once helped served on, it was a barquentine, with a square-rigged foresail, two smaller back sails, and a long and elegant prow. Beavis' new ship as fourteen feet long, with wheels at the bottom of its hull.
At the beginning of 1937 the Auckland Star carried a photograph of Beavis' new creation, and explained that he was 'hauling or peddling it around the North Island'. Beavis' land ship could travel at six miles an hour, when the wind filled its sails, and had a steering wheel at its rear and a bed beneath its deck.

On the 19th of January the Evening Post ran a photograph of Beavis 'at the helm of the barquentine Israel'. The photograph, which had been taken just south of Petone, showed an elderly man with a soft hat and a suit seated behind the aft of his ship. He was leaning forward and hunching his shoulders slightly, as though he were driving a sulky behind a racehorse. Beavis had almost finished yet another journey.

Media interest in Lawrence Beavis had almost evaporated by 1937, and only scattered and brief mentions of his latest journey can be found in the archives. We do not know whether he returned by sailboat from Wellington, nor whether he ever raised enough money to rebuild his beloved gospel ship.

Because the paper trail runs out, we can conjecture about Lawrence Beavis. I like to imagine that his thinking shifted, during his long journeys up and down the Great South Road and Highway One. Once he had wanted to escape New Zealand, and had seen his time on North Island's roads as a means to that end. The White Barrow had been made for fundraising, not adventure. Palestine, not New Zealand, was the Holy Land.

But the vivid and occasionally exultant language of Beavis' reports from the 'seas' of the North Island suggests a consciousness gradually anchoring itself in the New Zealand of the 1930s, and perhaps forgetting fantasies about an apocalyptic Middle East. When he abandoned talk of sailing abroad, and told the Evening Post that he wanted to take a ship to every port in New Zealand, Beavis perhaps signalled a new interest in the fallen local world. Perhaps his journeys became ends in themselves; perhaps he continued to sail back and forward between Auckland and Wellington for years, and became a sort of Flying Dutchman of the Great South Road.

[Posted by Scott Hamilton]


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« Ruminations - 18jan19 (updated 21jan19) | Main | Sandbox - 21jan19 »

19 January 2019

Don Bessee

Botox lost the rino -

You (Pelosi) and your fellow Democrats have voted for over 600 miles of border fence in the past, why won't you vote for another few miles now?" said Romney, speaking in Ogden, Utah after visiting with officials about the shutdown's impact on the community. "I don't understand their position, I really don't."

Mary Wanna

Based on the number of miles of border to our south, about 2,000 miles, and the number of border patrol agents, 21,000, most of which are stationed at the southwest border, if each agent were stationed along the southern border, the agents would be responsible for about 500ft. of border. Since not all agents are available for that duty and assuming you only had 50% of the agents availble for actual bordrer wall coverage they would still only have to police 500 feet on either side of each agent..you get the point.
5 Billon would probably put a lot of Americans to work providing border security.

Mary Wanna

Trump is talking like he might have grown up and started acting like an adult with his border wall compromises. What next?

George Rebane

MaryW 152pm - Well, the hope is that such repeatable cost will be avoided by building barriers and supporting technology for securing borders. Bottom line - walls, fences, and other barrier infrastructures are always much cheaper than positioning humans on such boundaries. That's why they continue to be profitably used from ancient times to the present day.

Still "only" 500 feet on either side, so "only" 1000 feet. 'Course that agent works 24/7. Well, make it half a mile per guard or actually about twice that and you quickly begin to see why we have fences/walls. Besides, I much rather see that agent employed elsewhere, as opposed to wasting his time ejecting people that would have been deterred by a fence.

Frankly, George. I think stupidity is also very much in play in this discussion, not just ignorance (not to mention intellectual dishonesty). L

Steven Frisch

Posted by: L | 19 January 2019 at 03:32 PM

Yet an unmanned wall is useless because anyone would quickly find a way over or under it, so one would need both a wall and personnel to monitor the wall...which could of course be done over large areas electronically...leaving personnel to go interdict transgressors..oh, but if you actually monitored the border with a combination of electronic, and human resources ...you would not need a wall Sure is frustrating isn't it.

Tricky McClean

Trump’s toddler speech was yet again another painful reminder that his real world experience is zilch. This border wall is apparently going to end the opioid crisis according to the stupidest president in history. Complete idiocy. Not a word about which sections still need a physical barrier, nor was a single penny offered to perhaps stem the Honduran northerly flow by helping that country become more economically and politically free. This country is being overrun by a collective sociopathy that is probably not recoverable. Oh well, it was fun while it lasted.

Robert Cross

trump's great border wall compromise .... Duh!.. I will give you something you don't want (me blocking DACA) if you give me something you don't want( my stupid wall). What a deal. How can those sleazy democrats refuse such a grand offer.

Don Bessee

Not good for team lefties po' ol' fakenews machine -

Latinos are increasingly rallying for President Trump, according to data from a new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll.
The poll notes that 50 percent of Latinos surveyed approve of the job Trump is doing, a 19-point increase from December of last year.
Republican strategist Gus Portella said Saturday on Fox & Friends that the improvement is "very important."
"This president has done historic strides to help the Latino community," he said, noting the low unemployment of Latinos under Trump.

Steven Frisch

Posted by: Robert Cross | 19 January 2019 at 05:17 PM

I know Robert,...."Hey, I am going to give you back two things temporarily that I took away, one of which has already been blocked in federal court, if you give me $5.7 billion to build something that won't work as well as spending the same amount of money on other border security measures."

If you buy that I have a building at 666 5th Avenue, NYC, NY I would like my son in law to to sell you.

"Bottom line - walls, fences, and other barrier infrastructures are always much cheaper than positioning humans on such boundaries."

Get with the program George. If a single person can get through a barrier, there's no point in having one.

It's good to see so many security experts weighing in on why walls simply don't work, except in the scads of countries that have them. No doubt all the existing physical border boundaries should be removed since they simply don't work either.

lol. The great mystery of the age is to understand the collective insanity in the West generally over the welcoming of mass movement of people from the Third World. The same craziness exists in Sweden and Germany as it does here, regardless of the handwaving about Ms. Lazarus, so I don't think that it's confined to a single branch of Western Civilization.

Hang on, I forgot. It's all about the money for barriers, especially in a world of $100B Fresno Flyers. Frankly, it's a little insulting how people pretend that this is about anything besides open borders. Why they're willing to fight a civil war over it is beyond me.

Get with the program George. If a single person can get through a barrier, there's no point in having one.
Apply that same LIB logic to gun control.(just say'n)

"Apply that same LIB logic to gun control."

If a single person grabs a handgun and shoots some people, then we should reduce magazine size on long guns. In the meantime, we'll invent some rules on flash suppressors and the way that the grip is shaped.

If a single person will ride a train from Fresno to Bakersfield, we should build a multi-billion dollar line between the two places since we like the idea of how nice Japan is.

Todd Juvinall

I heard Trump's speech and if I was a democrat I would get on board and compromise. But as we see the democrats of a couple years ago who screamed for the DACA's were not serious. As I said many times. Those "children" the dems say they care about are just pawns of Nancy and Chuck. My guess is those two will fold loke the new sheets on my bed. Trump will prevail as those fed workers are mostly dems anyway. What a disgrace the dem party is too real American patriots.

Nice of Frisch at 3:46 to make my point expressed just above. We know from past interaction that unlike many of his political cohort that Steve isn't stupid and for the most part I doubt he is particularly ignorant. That leaves bad faith and intellectual dishonesty. He posits an 'either...or' situation that simply doesn't exist. Of course successful walls need manning, the strength of the wall itself has a major influence on the amount of manpower required.

The real problem for informed collectivists like Mr. Frisch is that walls DO work, not that they don't. If they didn't, the left would wave the green flag so they could flay Trump when the wall failed. It's really not complicated when you look at motive. L

My bad, I forgot the possibility that he's insane. L

Bill Tozer

Well, at least Trump is trying his darnest to keep his campaign promise. If the Lefties would keep their promises, half would be in Canada by now.

The Botox Queen said we have to pass Obamacare to find out what’s in it. Why don’t we build the Wall to see if it works.

Brandon Branson

Very relieved that Trump believes San Antonio is a GREAT example of how effective a wall can be. He may as well have said that because Nevada City didn't get flooded, it's a great example of how well the levees work in Sacramento. You fellows own this intellectual genius.

Brandon Branson

Todd- Did you notice both your response to this and the answer have been deleted so as to make you not look like such a fool. Censors altering the narrative. No oppression or fake news on this site!

To paraphrase the censored comments: Todd said that Trump was in El Paso, not in San Antonio so that this report must have been made by fake news source. It was pointed out to Todd, with a link, the source was Fox news.

BB @11:07: If he was talking about the Alamo, he was right on point. After that battle, lost by the Texans, there were a lot more Mexicans in need of burial than fallen defenders. You can look it up. Walls do work. L

George Rebane

BrandonB 1002am - I'm slowly starting a policy of removing topic-irrelevant comments from my commentaries. I removed several from this comment stream, and the exchange between you and ToddJ on Trump was judged not germane here. But please feel free to include all of such corrective dialogues in the current sandbox. (Note that I left your 1107pm that launched the sidetrack exchange.)

Todd Juvinall

Brandon Branson | 20 January 2019 at 10:02 AM

I said he was going to go not that he was there. It appears we need to carry on at the Sandbox as per GeorgeR's advice.

Brandon Branson

Fair enough. It IS your blog.

,,,Walls do work.,,,This from our resident sage,,, L,,, yes walls work great as a place against which you can bang your head!!!

"We have to build the wall to see if it works."

George Rebane

M 1135am - It's hard to believe that this is the best you can do to counter the 'walls work' thesis or L's wall apologetics. But do give it a try. Please cite some data that substantiate the thesis you and Nancy promote. Neither of you have provided one iota of substantive evidence to support your strong assertions. To most people, the assertion that 'walls don't work' is completely equivalent to 'the earth is flat', because the evidence to contrary, as pointed out here, is overwhelming and available to all on a daily basis.

,,,George 1211pm,,,again, no one actually believes that don't believe walls don't work...obviously they work...we have walls everywhere, in our homes, businesses, and on our border.

Trump is an illiterate, has no vocabulary and his sound bites just confuse the issues.

Didn't you have some figures based on wall construction costs in Israel??? I seem to remember Israel paid $2 million/ mile...if you figure it will cost us $3 million/mile and we really only need 250 miles of actual wall it will only cost about $750,000,000 not $5.6 Billion. There is no way in hell we need an 1,800 mile wall!!!

,,,This from a Texas Republican Congressman and former CIA operative, Will Hurd.
If you cannot stomach the whole truth listen to the podcast 8 minutes in,,,

,,no one actually believes that walls don't work,,,

George Rebane

M 114pm - OK, you're again going after Trump with no connection as to whether walls work or not. But your "no one actually believes that walls don't work" is disputed by ALL of the Dem leadership, and ALL of the liberal talking heads doing their echo chamber bit on TV and radio. The direct quote "Walls don't work." is available from everyone starting with Pelosi and Schumer, going through the Hoyers and Waters, and continuing on down the line. The question is, why has the Democratic leadership joined together in perpetrating a huge and significant lie on the American public. Such lies to garner public support are material, and don't measure up to the Trump claims of this or that number being off.

Yes, the Israeli experience ($2M/mi) substantiates my own more conservative $3M/mi. But neither includes the cost of additional technologies and ongoing staffing used to deliver the low porosity of such borders. For example, I would also include an array of buried geo-phones on our side of 'the wall' with automated processing to detect and localize the inevitable tunneling efforts. Of course, there will be additional sensor, localization, and command/control systems brought to bear to bring our border up to Israeli porosity standards, but, say, 1,500 miles at $3M/mi will still knock hell out of $4.5B without all the additional stuff. My own back of the envelope calcs come to about $7B for the fixed infrastructure and supporting systems, and somewhere in the $1-2B/yr cost of staffing, operations, and infrastructure systems maintenance/upgrade. Compared to the reported dollar and cultural costs of a porous border like our current one, this cost is cheap. And if its success deters additional migrants, criminals, and narcotics, then the human misery saved will itself be worth it to all concerned (including Mexico). Anyway, that's my elevator speech to describe the way people like me and with my kind of experience with these systems think and present their case. Thanks for getting down to some details.

M @ 1:14. Thanks for the admission. Unfortunately, Arizona alone needs in excess of 250 miles of wall/fence/barrier. A larger problem lies just west of me where the Mexican border abuts not the U.S. Border but the southern border of the Tohono O'Odham Nation (aka Papago Indian Reservation to the politically incorrect) which is a whole 'nother question. L

George Rebane

L 440pm - Why would the feds have a problem securing the border of that reservation, are they not part of the US as far as their 'foreign policy' and our national security goes??

Don Bessee

Dr. R that's a subtlety that does not fit their narrative, file it under pesky facts. No buzzfeed does not count as source for facts.

I don't really know the situation, except that some neighborhood folks have in the past participated in transporting things across res lands and have the given the impression that presence on the actual border is thin to non-existent. But I don't really know how far that nationhood thing goes; the Pasqua-Yaqui have all sorts of side deals about the border since the res is in both countries.

Bill Tozer

Interesting take. The Wall is meaningless if the doors are wide open.

re: BillT@10:59PM

I've always felt that Paul's BFF, the 17 intelligence agencies, have run their own foreign and domestic policy. Given the growth of the surveillance state, their ability to install or blackmail (or investigate to death) a politician has ramped up in just the last few years.

What I'm lacking here is a better insight into the structure of the system. I can't believe that the FBI, NRO, and the military all share completely common goals. Like any humans, they're four square in favor of acruing power and the iron rice bowl, but a giant chart showing interrelationships and beliefs would be useful.

It's enough that we threw a bull into the chinashop of nation building in Iraq and sodomizing the leader of Libya to death with a broomstick, but some clarity would be nice. At least everyone is getting a lesson in the difficulties in installing a third party President.

Bill Tozer

“What I'm lacking here is a better insight into the structure of the system. I can't believe that the FBI, NRO, and the military all share completely common goals. Like any humans, they're four square in favor of acruing power and the iron rice bowl, but a giant chart showing interrelationships and beliefs would be useful.” Scenes

Me too, brother. A nice chart would be helpful. What the top echelon of DOJ, FBI, CIA, Clapper, and that lying scum former American Communist Party voter Brennan all have in common is to protect their agencies and their asses at all costs. The notable exception is/was Mike Rodgers who put the DOJ-National Security Division in a race against time as Rodgers’s audit of them showed extreme and troubling violations of law and standards in the DOJ counter-intelligence National Security Division.
It was Rodgers who informed Trump that he was being spied on and the audit Rogers was preforming on abuses (irregularities) was being stalled, delayed by John B. Carlin, Meullers former chief of staff when Meuller was FBI Director.
Rodgers was on his way to see Carlin when they hit the panic button. Never forget the name John Carlin. There are some FISA warrants so sensitive that they cannot be processed without the DOJ-National Security Division’s signature. Corbin signed the FISA warrant on Sept. 27-29th, 2016, and abruptly quit (bailed) office by Oct. 15, 2016...just as Rodgers (NSA) was closing in on Carlin and his division in October, 2016...just before the election. Remember, Smirking Peter was the FBI’s top “spy catcher” for counter intelligence. Kelley was on to hanky panky as well as DOD found irregulaties coming from the Deep State, but that’s another story for another day. Goodbye ‘Pink Tie’ Ashley Carter. :)

Back to the Wall

In the 1975 book “Conservative Votes, Liberal Victories: Why the Right Has Failed,” this writer sought to explore and explain the forces that so often deny the right the policy fruits of its political victories.

“The essence of press power lies in the authority to select, elevate and promote one set of ideas, issues, and personalities and to ignore others,” this writer wrote. “The press determines what ‘people will talk and think about’ because of the monopoly it holds over the news and information flowing out of Washington.”

Bill Tozer

Because the border is too porous, I am glad this illegal alien will never get deported. Because our border is too porous, I am also glad that piece of shit El Salvadoran in Nevada will never be deported and will spend the rest of his pathetic life behind bars.

“Cerda was deported but returned five months later to commit these crimes, according to the Tulare County District Attorney’s Office.

The youngest victim bravely spoke out at Cerda's sentencing and pleaded with the judge to not deport him as she feared he would return once again.

The Tulare County District Attorney Tim Ward said in a statement: ‘[The victim] cautioned the judge to “never grant him any possibility at being deported because he has crawled his way back into the States illegally way too many times.”’

He added: ‘This family will never have to live in fear of Cerda returning to terrorize them again. He will be serving his remaining days in a California prison.’

The District Attorney continued: ‘Criminals can, and will, find their way back to hurt the vulnerable. The courage of these women to stand up and rally back against this heartless predator is what gives all of us strength to battle for justice. This time, he is not coming back.”

The comments to this entry are closed.


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The Ivy Incertitude

It would be a little easier if Ivy looked more like her namesake.

I’ve made passing references to Ivy in previous entries but I haven’t gone into much detail, so here goes:

I met Ivy last summer at the Kenny Chesney concert. If memory serves me correctly, she may have been the first person sis introduced me to when we started tailgating that day. Like me, Ivy couldn’t give two shits about country music. Punk, new wave, alternative, metal -this was our common ground.

Fast Forward a few months:  Sis explained to me that “Ivy likes you,” something I picked up on back at New Year‘s.

Then of course, there was Valentine’s Night when she made her move after bowling.

And that’s another thing:  I respect the fact that she’s a little bit aggressive.  She knows what she wants and she’s not afraid to go after it

This woman likes me for exactly who I aim, period.  I don’t even have to try with her.  There is no “super me” when I’m with her.  More often than not.  i find myself even “reining in” my personality when I’m talking to her.  Jesus, she probably thinks I’m the quiet. mysterious guy…

She makes more money than I do (or did) and probably makes more than i will ever make – given my line of work.  She has absolutely no problem with that. and most amazing of all, this woman wants me.

So what is my problem?

I’m not physically attracted to her.  I mean, there’s a little potential there, but I just never felt it from the get-go. Probably the nicest way to word it would be to say “she’s got a great personality”. the truth of the matter is, I think I can do better – at least in the looks department.   A lot of people like to say that a woman knows in the first 5 minutes just how far she’s gonna go with a guy.  Well, i say a guy knows in the first 5 seconds just how far he wants to go with a woman.

Sometimes I think I should just do it with her, rid myself of the Cameron Frye Syndrome.  The problem is I respect her and I consider her a friend.  Furthermore, she is Sis’s friend, and I don’t want to do anything that would possibly affect their friendship.

One comment

  1. Hey–FYI, I have three post coming up with links to this blog. I hope it helps. I will start linking to it more in my writings.

    Is she a “5”? Or is she a “4”? That is a big difference! ie, are you neutral towards her, or does she physically repel you?

    If she is a 5, I would definitely keep Ivy as a “Spinning Plate”. She is a big girl, as long as you are honest with her your are not playing her, and your sister nor Ivy will have anything to get hurt about.

    By “spinning plate” I mean stay in contact with her, do fun stuff, etc…let her remain “on the radar”. That doesn’t necessarily mean have sex with her.

    Finding girls with good personality is harder than finding hot women. Frankly. And who gives a shit what anyone else thinks. “All cats are grey in the night” is what Ben Franklin used to say….

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Heat Opportunities

There are countless ways to get involved with Athletics & Recreation on-campus. Look for great opportunities on-campus to enhance your experience at UBC.

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Be part of the ‘team’

The UBC Okanagan Heat welcome students who are interested in joining an exciting events crew and helping to run over 50 varsity games in the gym and on the Nonis Sports field every year.

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Support the Heat

The official fan club of the UBC Okanagan Heat. Become a member and enjoy some amazing perks on-campus and at heat games.


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A new movie based on popular plastic figures? No it’s not another LEGO sequel. Long-time toy rival Playmobil is getting a movie of its very own and if the Playmobil movie trailer is any indication, this toy aisle competitor will give LEGO a run for its plastic money.

The new movie follows the adventures of human siblings Marla and her younger brother, Charlie, when they are magically transported into the world of Playmobil. Marla sets out to find Charlie and figure out how to get back home. Of course, along the way she meets a unique cast of Playmobil characters.

The film stars Harry Potter’s Daniel Radcliffe, as secret agent Rex Dasher, comedian Jim Gaffigan as food truck driver Del and Meghan Trainor as a fairy godmother, among others.

Playmobil, with its signature smiley-faced figures featuring c-shaped hands, is a German company established in 1974. While it hasn’t been around nearly as long as LEGO, it has offered the brick master some stiff (pun-intended) competition for 44 years.

Playmobil: The Movie hits theaters on Aug. 16, 2019.

—Shahrzad Warkentin

Featured photo: Playmobil: The Movie via YouTube

Another LEGO Movie Is Happening & Fans Are Psyched

New “LEGO Movie 2” Trailer Reveals a New Character Who Sounds Awfully Familiar

The New Super Mario Bros. Movie Promises to Learn from Mistakes of the Past


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REFRAME[D] Video Podcast on PRETTY

Today, we properly launch the REFRAME[D] blog with the first of REFRAME‘s video podcasts, a key part of our Open Access explorations of “Digital First” media, film and music studies publishing.

Our first offering is an interview, which took place on September 26, with Rosalind Galt, author of PRETTY: Film and the Decorative Image (Columbia University Press, 2011). PRETTY has just won the inaugural award from the British Association of Film, Television and Screen Studies for the Best Film, TV and Screen Studies Book in 2011.

In this engaging and informative interview (see below), Galt talks in detail about the research that led to her book, some of the filmmakers and critical theory that inspired and informed her work, and where her research is going next. A streaming audio version of the interview is available beneath the video below. You are most welcome to embed these recordings or link to them on your own websites. And you are very much encouraged to share them throughout your social networks. Both formats are published under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike licenses.

Please contact us if you would like us to explore the possibility of your research featuring in a future REFRAME[D] video podcast, or if you have any other publishing proposals of interest to us here at REFRAME. For our part, we would like to represent and disseminate as wide a range of high quality media, film, music and cultural studies research as possible, including by creative and critical practice.

Please come back next Monday when we will launch our weekly roundup of essential news and great links in media, film and music studies here at the REFRAME[D] blog. Do feel free to contact us if you have research news and events that you would like us to publicise. Thank you.

REFRAME on PRETTY: An Interview with Rosalind Galt Video Version

REFRAME on PRETTY: An Interview with Rosalind Galt Audio Version

3 Replies to “REFRAME[D] Video Podcast on PRETTY”

  1. Love the use of images and text with the interview–such a canny application of digital possibilities. A lot of work, I’m sure, but worth it. Also, love hearing about RG’s new book.

  2. Great idea to make a video-essay of what is usually condensed into a literary interview or “merely” shown as a “talking head matter-of-fact-ness”.

    And thanks for also including samples of the book, presenting printed text as visual object and vice-versa. Lokking forward to experiencing similar (or similarly different) contributions in the future.

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Blessings Background

If you are looking for Blessings background you’ve come to the right place. We have collect images about Blessings background including images, pictures, photos, wallpapers, and more. In these page, we also have variety of images available. Such as png, jpg, animated gifs, pic art, logo, black and white, transparent, etc.

Newest For Blessings Background

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 Speakers | ReliabilityUK

Reliability UK 2018

Keynote Speaker

Mark Gallagher

Founder and CEO of Performance Insights Ltd

Reliability on the Edge – Insights on Reliability from the F1 Industry

Mark has worked in senior leadership roles in F1 for over 30 years, fifteen of those spent on the management boards of well-known organisations Jordan Grand Prix, Red Bull Racing and Cosworth.  He is also a co-commentator and Formula One analyst for international media organisations, including  BBC and Sky Sports.

In this keynote presentation, Mark will talk about how much of the energy and technology in F1 is focused on learning how to better manage risk, ensure quality and guarantee reliability. To optimise results, the F1 industry has embraced a data-driven approach to monitoring system performance on cars, with over 200 sensors being used to understand precisely what is happening, enabling managers to diagnose issues, monitor trends and ultimately predict outcomes. So the approach actually shares many similarities with the most advanced reliability programmes being used in industry today

Technical Speakers

Andrew Fraser

Managing Director, Reliable Manufacturing, UK

Making reliability a core business value

Andrew Fraser is Managing Director of Reliable Manufacturing Ltd, a reliability-based change management consultancy that helps businesses establish reliability alongside safety, as a core value in their organisations.

Andrew has over 35 years manufacturing experience across engineering, maintenance, production and change management roles and has worked with clients in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, USA and the Middle East.  In addition to training and consultancy, Andrew provides coaching to site leadership teams in the implementation of organisational-wide reliability strategies and cultural change.

Speaking at Reliability UK, he will focus on the business case for reliability; creating a holistic strategy to achieve high reliability performance; and making it all happen through leadership and cultural change.

Keith Edwards

Head of Toyota Lean Management Centre, Toyota Motor Manufacturing

Using Lean approaches to move from reactive to pro-active maintenance

Coming from an agricultural equipment and aerospace manufacturing background in the UK and US, Keith has been with Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) in Deeside for the past 27 years.

Having joined Toyota as a toolmaker, he moved to the maintenance department as a team member, where he progressed to section manager of the group and played an instrumental role in moving maintenance operations from re-active, firefighting to pro-active, planned maintenance . For the past four years, he has headed the Toyota Lean Management Centre (TLMC),  where he  works with non-competing third-party companies to help them develop their own systems based around the Toyota Production System (TPS).

At Reliability UK, Keith will talk about targeting zero breakdowns at Toyota Motor Manufacturing, using Lean tools such as waste elimination, visualisation, standardisation and problem solving .

Martin Williamson

Director, KEW Engineering

Why and how to operate a best practice lubrication programme

Martin began his maintenance career in the South African mining industry as a mechanical engineering graduate from the University of Cape Town, before specialising in oil analysis tribology with Pall Filtration and Entek IRD. Having moved on to establish his own consultancy, KEW Engineering, in 2005, over the past decade, he has been presenting training classes and undertaking consulting projects on an international level on behalf of Noria Corp and other key clients such as BP, Dow Corning, Marathon Oil and Cargill as well as working on various related ISO working groups and the International Council for Machinery Lubrication (ICML).

Tom Murphy

Managing Director, Reliability Team, UK

Improving profitability and reducing maintenance costs through ultrasound monitoring

With over 30 years’ experience in condition monitoring, Tom is co-author of the book Hear More and an ASNT Level 1 and Level 2 trainer in using ultrasound for predictive maintenance. As founder of the UK-based consultancy Reliability Team Limited, he specialises in helping companies improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs through condition monitoring. He is currently training ultrasound to ASNT and ISO standards and implementing programmes in a large variety of businesses worldwide.

Jenny Frances

Intelligent Digital – UK Drones Programme and Project Manager Lead, PwC UK

Using drone powered applications for maintenance and asset management

Jenny has a specific focus on drones / Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and helping clients to integrate this exciting technology into their business to give them a competitive edge.

With more than 17 years’ experience in project and programme management working across a range of IT and transformation change initiatives, Jenny has managed a variety of engagements ranging in scope from £25,000 to over £35 million. This background has given her the experience to develop how organisations can change their ways of working to take advantage of the benefits drones can bring.

PwC is at the leading edge of this emerging technology, and following on from the launch of their economic study into the potential value of drones which predicts that drones will be worth £42bn to the UK economy by 2030, has recently (2018) been featured in numerous national media articles including all of the major UK newspapers, BBC Breakfast and Radio 5 Live.

Lieutenant Commander Ronan Carey

Marine Engineering Officer in Charge of the Maintenance Management Unit, Irish Naval Services

Ensuring the availability and reliability of naval assets for defence and humanitarian operations

Lt Cdr Ronan Carey has been serving with the Irish Naval Service for twenty years, leading engineering teams to ensure the availability and reliability of naval assets to meet operational requirements. Ronan is currently in charge of the Planning & Inspectorate Unit, which is responsible for ensuring the efficient, reliable and cost-effective performance of naval vessels. The unit reviews asset condition and schedules all major refits and dry docks for the fleet.

Ronan’s presentation will outline how a proactive approach and best practice lubrication has proven invaluable in the preparation of naval ships, and increased levels of machinery availability and reliability, in their deployment to the Mediterranean Sea as part of a bi-lateral agreement and a European response to the migrant crisis.

Carles CG

Data Scientist, Reliable Dynamics, Copenhagen, Denmark

Collecting clean and usable data for better reliability modelling – lessons learned from the field

A data scientist, Carles’s passion about wind energy lead him to a Danish turbine manufacturer, applying Six Sigma concepts to reduce lead time, and he switched the focus of his career to improving the link between data and the physical world.

Since then, he has been developing and applying his analytical skills in the wind energy business and fleet performance as well as advising clients on big data, reliability engineering and the internet-of-things (IoT).
In October 2017, he founded Reliable Dynamics – a Copenhagen-headquartered company that develops applications, enabling reliability engineers to perform statistical calculations and warranty and maintenance predictions.

Gary Tyne

Director, Pro-Reliability Solutions

Key Reasons Why Reliability Strategies Fail and How to Avoid Them

Gary has been in the field of maintenance and reliability for the past 33 years. He is experienced working with clients in a wide-range of industries on sizable and complex reliability projects. Some of his areas of expertise include: maintenance strategy development, reliability centred maintenance, system availability, reliability implementation programs, and root cause analysis facilitation and investigation.

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Delores Depper

Print Obituary
Delores M. Depper, nee Marler, 73, of Belleville, IL, born September 8, 1944, in Dover, DE, died Tuesday, August 21, 2018, at her residence, surrounded by her loving family.

Delores retired from Red Lobster where she worked as a server for 32 years. Before her time at Red Lobster she was a homemaker raising her family.  She was a beloved wife, mother, and grandmother.  Delores loved NASCAR racing, the St. Louis Cardinals and Shopping.  Her greatest joy was spending time with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

Delores was preceded in death by her parents, Charles and Hattie, nee Voudrie, Marler; and two brothers, Charles H. and Bernard H. Marler.

Surviving are her husband of 55 years, Bernard L. Depper, whom she married on September 23, 1962;
four daughters, Debra R. (Mark) Owens of Nixa, MO, Denise A. (Frank) Bilek of Belleville, IL, Deanna L. Loyet of Millstadt, IL, and Dione L. Moore of Belleville, IL;
10 grandchildren;
13 great-grandchildren;
a brother, Jesse Marler of Belleville, IL;
and a sister Pam (Gary) Austin of Belleville, IL.

Memorials may be made to Hospice of Southern Illinois. Condolences may be expressed to the family online at

Visitation:  Friends may visit with the family from 4 to 8 p.m. Sunday, August 26, 2018, at George Renner & Sons Funeral Home, Belleville, IL.

Funeral: Private family services will be held Monday, August 27, 2018, with burial at Walnut Hill Cemetery, Belleville, IL.

2 Comments on Delores Depper

Paula Johnson Himmelsbach said : Guest Report Aug 25, 2018 at 6:46 PM

My Deepest sympathy to each of you, Im so sorry uncle Bernie...Ill miss her, I only have memories of very sweet Aunt, compassionate person, her nature and love will live on within each of you eternally, she will be your guardian angel ,and pain free from now on,try to remember the good times and laughter as much as possible thru this very sad time, she, I think would like to see your smiles in her memory as well. Sincerely, my deepest sympathy, Paula Johnson Himmelsbach & Keith Himmelsbach

  • Troy
  • Mo.
Lisa McDonald said : Guest Report Aug 25, 2018 at 4:35 AM

Dear Bernie and family, I am so sorry that you lost Dee Dee. She was a wonderful person and me and Mom loved her so much. You two were like family to us and I am going to miss her and her sweet smile and big heart. You have my deepest sympathy. If you need anything let us know. Your Friends Always, Lisa And Marie McDonald

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Dundale School carol singers

Fundraise at school

We understand that schools and teachers are currently facing many challenges, we hope our resources will enable you to support Rennie Grove.

Download our schools fundraising pack here to find out more about how to get involved or take part in one of our fundraisers below.

Rennie Groovy Shoes Day

Get involved and get groovy with us. Bling up your boots, paint your pumps or tinsel your trainers and have some groovy fun for a day, whilst helping raise money for us.

You could always include a shoe themed raffle with prizes for all those groovy shoe lovers or host a shoe themed cake sale and have a fun packed day.

Rennie Groovy Shoes school pupils

Rudolph Run

Host your very own 'Rudolph Run' and get festive. You can set your own course and date giving you the greatest flexibility. We will provide a pack of resources: posters and sponsorship forms.

Check out our 5 top tips guide to putting on your own Rudolph Run.

It's the perfect way to spread Christmas cheer and get into the festive spirit!

Rudolph Run 2019

Assembly talks

We would be delighted to come along and give an assembly to explain about the care w provide to the local community and why hospice care is so important. If you would like to book an assembly, fill in the form here.

Have your own idea?

Are you a teacher or pupil and have your own fundraising idea? We would love to hear from you!

For more information or support please call our Community Fundraising Team on 01442 890222/01727 731000 or drop us an email


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25R39C-120V 25W R39 E12 Light Bulb Replacement Lava Lamp
25R39C 25W R39 120V E12 Lava Lamp Replacement Light Bulb

R39 is the glass size, this lamp has a 12mm diameter base.
For a 17mm diameter base use this lamp, for a 14mm diameter base use this lamp.
If you need help determining your base type click here.

2,418 Remaining In Stock

Kandolite $4.95 Each

Lamps ordered will generally be shipped the next business day by USPS Priority Mail or UPS, check here for Shipping Information. Large orders may qualify for a discount and may not qualify for next day shipment. If you do not know what lamp you require or for lamps not listed below, email your request or call 336-882-2854. To order, please use the secure shopping cart below or call 800-692-3051. Click to go to our Home Page and View Cart.

Voltage: 120V-130V, 120 Volt, 120 Volts
Wattage: 25W, 25 Watt, 25 Watts
Life: 2000 Hours
Base: E12, E-12, Candelabra Base 12mm Threaded Screw, E12s
Lumens: 180 CD Intensity
Color Temperature: 3000°K
Amperage: .208A
Bulb: R39 39mm, Replaces the R12 and R14 US Standard
Beam Spread: 35 Degrees, 35°
Maximum Overall Length: 2.43"/61.9mm
Maximum Overall Diameter: 1.54"/39mm

Indoor Use Only
Manufactured to IEC Standards
Extra Safe with Internal Fuse
Long Service Life

Lava Lamps using R39, R45, R12 or R14 reflector that say 30W Max with E12 screw base
Miniature reflector spot for display lighting, reading lamps, feature lighting etc.

Ikea Reading Light

Cross reference information is designed to help you find the correct lamp for your application. We do not verify the accuracy of this information. You are responsible for ordering the correct lamp and we make every attempt to help you in that process. We recommend that you confirm the information with the equipment manufacturer before ordering.

800 Burton Avenue, Suite 107
High Point, NC 27262
336-882-BULB (2852)

Order Line: 800-692-3051
Technical Support Line: 336-882-2854
Fax Line: 336-882-2819

Hours: 8 AM to 4 PM EST Monday through Friday

Sales: Address changes, invoice copies, tracking and delivery confirmation numbers, order status, product availability, payment options, shipping quotes, returns, damage claims

Technical Support: Help finding a product not listed, determining the correct lamp for your application, lamp handling and premature lamp failures

International Orders: Large international orders that require special shipping arrangements and quotes

If you have compliments, complaints, suggestions, or help with areas not listed above please contact:

Ron Miller
General Manager


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Motors / fans

We offer a nice assortment of stepper motors, for different purposes within your 3D printer. For stepper drivers please refer to this category. Motor couplings are included in this category, while methods for driving filament are in the extruder section. Finally we also offer a selection of fans for cooling your stepper motors, hot end, printed object or electronics.

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  • Orders dispatched same business day
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About ReprapWorld

ReprapWorld is the number one webshop for all your reprap supplies for your 3D printer. We have a large collection of 3D printer components, from our famous electronics lines to filament from our own production. And everything is at a very competitive price!

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The Netherlands

Tel: +31 (0) 85 - 009 15 31

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A metabolomic approach to target antimalarial metabolites in the Artemisia annua fungal endophytes

Hani A. Alhadrami, Ahmed M. Sayed, Ahmed O. El-Gendy, Yara I. Shamikh, Yasser Gaber, Walid Bakeer, Noheir H. Sheirf, Eman Z. Attia, Gehan M. Shaban, Basma A. Khalifa, Che J. Ngwa, Gabriele Pradel, Mostafa E. Rateb, Hossam M. Hassan, Dalal H. M. Alkhalifah, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen*, Wael N. Hozzein*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)
8 Downloads (Pure)

Fungal endophytes are a major source of anti-infective agents and other medically relevant compounds. However, their classical blinded-chemical investigation is a challenging process due to their highly complex chemical makeup. Thus, utilizing cheminformatics tools such as metabolomics and computer-aided modelling is of great help deal with such complexity and select the most probable bioactive candidates. In the present study, we have explored the fungal endophytes associated with the well-known antimalarial medicinal plant Artemisia annua for their production of further antimalarial agents. Based on the preliminary antimalarial screening of these endophytes and using LC-HRMS-based metabolomics and multivariate analyses, we suggested different potentially active metabolites (compounds 1-8). Further in silico investigation using the neural-network-based prediction software PASS led to the selection of a group of quinone derivatives (compounds 1-5) as the most possible active hits. Subsequent in vitro validation revealed emodin (1) and physcion (2) to be potent antimalarial candidates with IC50 values of 0.9 and 1.9 µM, respectively. Our approach in the present investigation therefore can be applied as a preliminary evaluation step in the natural products drug discovery, which in turn can facilitate the isolation of selected metabolites notably the biologically active ones.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2770
Number of pages11
JournalScientific Reports
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 2 Feb 2021

  • drug discovery
  • microbiology

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Data & Statistics

Sources and support for finding and using numerical, spatial, and statistical data.

Citing your Data

If you use a data set in your research, you should include a citation to its source in your bibliography, references, or works-cited list, just as you would for any other source. This page provides links to recommended citation style formats for data.

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How do patients pass through stroke services? Identifying stroke care pathways using national audit data

Matthew Gittins, David G. Lugo-Palacios, Elizabeth Paley, Benjamin Bray, Audrey Bowen, Andy Vail, Brenda Gannon, Sarah Tyson*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Objective: To map and describe how patients pass through stroke services. Methods: Data from 94,905 stroke patients (July 2013–July 2015) who were still inpatients 72 hours after hospital admission were extracted from a national stroke register and were used to identify the routes patients took through hospital and community stroke services. We sought to categorize these routes through iterative consultations with clinical experts and to describe patient characteristics, therapy provision, outcomes and costs within each category. Results: We identified 874 routes defined by the type of admitting stroke team and subsequent transfer history. We consolidated these into nine distinct routes and further summarized these into three overlapping ‘pathways’ that accounted for 99% of the patients. These were direct discharge (44%), community rehabilitation (47%) and inpatient transfer (19%) with 12% of the patients receiving both inpatient transfer and community rehabilitation. Patients with the mildest and most severe strokes were more likely to follow the direct discharge pathway. Those perceived to need most therapy were more likely to follow the inpatient transfer pathway. Costs were lowest and mortality was highest for patients on the direct discharge pathway. Outcomes were best for patients on the community rehabilitation pathway and costs were highest where patients underwent inpatient transfers. Conclusion: Three overarching stroke care pathways were identified which differ according to patient characteristics, therapy needs and outcomes. This pathway mapping provides a benchmark to develop and plan clinical services, and for future research.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)698-709
Number of pages12
JournalClinical Rehabilitation
Issue number5
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2020
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Health Services and Delivery Research Programme (grant reference number HS&DR Project: 14/198/09). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020.

  • clinical psychology
  • occupational therapy
  • physiotherapy
  • speech and language therapy
  • Stroke

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Travel trade and press Webcams 19°
My road book

Nice Côte d'Azur Metropolitan Convention and Visitors Bureau

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Marathon 2021

Come and celebrate the French Riviera Marathon Nice-Cannes !
Be part of the legend of the 1st marathon in France after Paris, the French Riviera Marathon Nice-Cannes. Enjoy for a week-end or more, sea, palm trees, snow-covered mountain views and French Riviera autumn sun!
A 42km unique seaside course between sea and palm trees with snow-covered mountain views. Departure from the Promenade des Anglais in Nice and arrival in the Boulevard de la Croisette in Cannes, close to the Cannes International Film Festival Palace.
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