text:
Sunday, May 26, 2013

Carnival of Nuclear Energy 158

Atomic Power Review is proud to present the 158th Carnival of Nuclear Energy.  This rotating feature has appeared over the last three years at the most popular English-language, pro-nuclear blogs in order to showcase top news items of each week.

The standard procedure at APR for the Carnival is a guessing game -- I present an illustration from my archives, and ask you to guess what it is.  Here's this Carnival's photo ....   "What is this?"

Since I have the feeling that this illustration will at least in part be fairly obvious to some of the more experienced readers, there's no hint this week.  The answer - and more - after the Carnival entries.

Nuke Power Talk - Gail Marcus

Gail Marcus takes on a lighter subject than usual this week at Nuke Power Talk, profiling one Ph.D. nuclear engineer who has found his fame and fortune as a country western musician.
 ANS Nuclear Cafe - submitted by Paul Bowersox
This week, the Japanese nuclear regulator (NRA) determined that the Tsuruga Unit 2 reactor building was in fact built over an active fault, by way of adopting as official the report of an expert panel convened on the subject.  Will Davis covers the news for ANS on this still-developing story.
The Hiroshima Syndrome - Leslie Corrice
In April 2011, photographer Tomoki Imai scaled to the top of Mount Tekura, some 2,000 feet above and 30 kilometers from F. Daiichi. Initially frightened by Press coverage of the nuclear accident, he soon relaxed because all he saw was a beautiful spring landscape, "I realized how my view of Fukushima was being distorted by all the TV images and the information we were being bombarded with at the time." Imai's personal experience on Mount Tekura brings to mind Petrarch's catharsis on Mount Ventoux in the 14th century.
Canadian Energy Issues - Steve Aplin
Steve Aplin has fond memories of his grandmother cooking on her beloved natural gas cooking range. But today he wouldn’t be caught dead cooking with natural gas. That’s because the stuff is too pollution-heavy compared with clean, mostly nuclear Ontario electricity.
Next Big Future - Brian Wang
EU leaders, desperate to give economic growth a boost, are talking about targeting energy policy. They are concerned a US-led revolution in shale oil and gas development will reshape the global economy and leave Europe far behind.
Industry minister Toshimitsu Motegi said that some of the country’s idled nuclear reactors might resume operations this autumn at the earliest after undergoing a new safety assessment process.

Areva expects Japan over the next few year to restart two-thirds of its atomic plants that were idled after the 2011 Fukushima accident. Half a dozen reactors may restart by the end of this year in addition to the two that resumed operations in 2012.
A new generation of 10 tesla superconductors could make Tokamak style nuclear fusion reactors work. It could make them affordable, smaller, maintainable and remove the plasma problems. The development time could be greatly reduced from 50 years to 10 to 20 years. A new design would also switch to FLIBE molten salt for lower costs.

Nuclear fusion is one of the main topics at Nextbigfuture. I have summarized the state of nuclear fusion research before. A notable summary was made three years ago in mid-2010. I believed at the time that there could be multiple successful nuclear fusion project vying for commercial markets by 2018. Progress appears to be going a bit more slowly than previously hoped, but there are several possible projects (General Fusion, John Slough small space propulsion nuclear fusion system, Lawrenceville Plasma Physics - if they work out metal contamination and other issues and scale power) that could demonstrate net energy gain in the next couple of years.

Yes Vermont Yankee - Meredith Angwin

When the New England system operator decided that the Vernon Dam was no longer a "Black Start" facility, the NRC required Vermont Yankee to get a new emergency diesel generator. (Vermont Yankee has a direct link to Vernon Dam, and had counted it among its emergency backups.) However, Vermont Public Service Board (PSB) allowed anti-nuclear groups to "intervene" in the matter of buying a diesel, and the PSB also delayed hearings about the diesel for many months. Since Vermont Yankee faces an NRC deadline for the diesel installation, the plant sued the state for interfering with nuclear safety. There are some indications that the PSB may rule in favor of the diesel before the June 4 court date. If they do not, Vermont Yankee will be back in federal court early next month, trying to ensure that it can meet NRC requirements without state interference. (Blog post has many links to court documents on this case.)

Atomic Power Review Note:  Regarding the Yes Vermont Yankee post linked and described above...  Just how many times in this post-Fukushima world would one EVER expect to find any group, anywhere, that could possibly justify campaigning AGAINST adding a back up diesel generator at a nuclear plant site?

Things Worse Than Nuclear Power ... "by a couple of M.I.T. engineers!"

Ten Cool Things About Nuclear Waste

This provocatively-titled post will get readers thinking about radioactive waste -- and perhaps most specifically spent nuclear fuel -- in a whole new light.  What if we thought of it as a resource, instead of something to be submerged, then contained, then buried?  And how safe is it when we follow the normal (non-recycling) disposal procedure, anyway?

That's it for this week's lineup of attractions at the Carnival.  All that's left is to tell you what that illustration you saw is!

The illustration is from an unclassified booklet titled "Army Nuclear Power Program," published for the Associate Engineer Officers Course by The Engineer School, Fort Belvoir, Virginia in April 1958.  Illustrated is the original conception for the field deployment / site construction of the ALPR or Argonne Low Power Reactor design as a part of the DEW (Defense Early Warning) system of radar stations monitoring potential Soviet overflight of the North Pole, en route to attack on the United States with nuclear weapons.

The ALPR prototype was under construction as the booklet went to press.  The descriptive text for the illustration is as follows:

"Argonne Low Power Reactor.  To meet the requirement for a small plant for use at smaller Arctic installations such as DEW-line stations, the Argonne Low Power Reactor is now under development by the AEC.  A boiling water reactor along with the turbine generator and air-cooled condenser are housed in a 38-foot diameter cylinder which is adjacent to the operational area and living quarters as shown in Figure 3.  Construction of the prototype at the National Reactor Testing Station, Arco, Idaho is about 60% complete and is scheduled for completion late this spring."

As most will already know, ALPR was completed and operated, and was later redesignated as the SL-1 plant.  Operation of the plant was taken over by Combustion Engineering and the plant was used for the training of not only Army but other operators (including some who would operate the nuclear plant on board N. S. Savannah.)

The illustration depicts, at the left, the plant as described.  Visible in addition to the reactor lower center of the building are the turbine-generator at operating floor level (which in ALPR was supplied by Worthington Corporation), the air cooled condenser space above the operating floor, electrical distribution panels to the left side of the operating floor, and even the right-angle-drive Control Rod Drive Mechanisms (supplied by ALCO Products, who was trying at that time to develop such devices as essentially standard for small reactors.)  The domed structure at center contains the radar; the semi-tubular and sealed / weatherproofed structure running along the site, connecting the reactor building, radar, and of course containing crew quarters, living arrangements and necessities, and operating spaces is of particular interest - no doubt tailored to the extremely hostile environment.

The booklet contains illustrations of other projects, including the following interesting concept.

From the booklet:  "Gas Cooled Reactor for Trailer Mounted Plant.  A gas-cooled reactor for mobile plants employing closed-cycle gas turbines is now under development.  The AEC has contracted for the design, construction, and operation of a gas-cooled reactor experiment at Arco, Idaho.  Concurrent research and development is being conducted by the Corps of Engineers on a closed-cycle gas-turbine test facility under construction at the Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratories.  These experiments will furnish engineering data leading to the design of a prototype plant having a capacity of several hundred KW and capable of being transported on a 25-ton trailer similar to the one shown in Figure 4."

Other concepts described in the booklet include some that were built --- the section on "Barge Mounted Plants" did carry out as the nuclear plant - barge STURGIS --- while others, such as the "Land Train" for logistic supply using many vehicles connected by cables to a mobile nuclear plant did not reach anything like prototype stage.

There is indeed a reason I've picked this booklet, and these smaller reactor concepts, for this week's Carnival.  In the coming days, I'll be attending the Platts Small Modular Reactors Conference in Washington, D. C. on behalf of
Fuel Cycle Week.  The plants you see depicted here on this page were among the earliest that used concepts similar to those being pushed for the new SMR plants... these being deployment for other-than-base load commercial opportunities, truck-transportable size, and use much nearer to populated centers.... or in some cases, use exceedingly far away from ANY populated center.  It's fascinating to see the distant ancestors of the present SMR concepts, and realize that what's really changed is the technology and commitment to safety, instead of the notions for possible commercial (or military) use for the plants as-built.

Thanks for reading this week's Carnival!  I hope you've enjoyed it.

7:00 PM Eastern 5/26/2013

Tuesday, May 7, 2013

Kewaunee Shuts Down for Last Time

Below is today's press release from Dominion on the economically-motivated shutdown of Kewaunee Generating Station.

Dominion News

Dominion Shuts Down Kewaunee Power Station Permanently

May 7, 2013
CARLTON, Wis., May 7, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Dominion (NYSE: D) today shut down its 556-megawatt Kewaunee Power Station permanently, ending almost 40 years of nuclear-generated electricity at the station located about 35 miles southeast of Green Bay on Lake Michigan.

Dominion announced last fall that it would close the station and decommission it because the company was unable to grow a Midwestern nuclear fleet to take advantages of economies of scale and Kewaunee's power purchase agreements were ending at a time of projected low wholesale electricity prices in the region.

"This decision was based purely on economics. The dedicated employees have operated the station safely and well," said David Heacock, president of Dominion Nuclear and chief nuclear officer of Dominion. "We will keep our focus on safety as we transition the station toward decommissioning."

Kewaunee went into service on June 16, 1974. Operators began reducing power output at the station at 8 a.m. CDT and opened the electrical output circuit breakers shortly after 11 a.m. CDT, which removed the unit from the Midwest ISO transmission system. Over its life, the power station generated about 148 million megawatt-hours of electricity.

"Kewaunee Power Station achieved nearly 40 years of clean, safe and reliable operation, which is a testament to nuclear technology and the dedicated former and current employees," Heacock said. "The company has taken steps to assist Kewaunee employees during the transition process and in the coming months will begin working to place the station's systems safely in storage for decommissioning."

In the weeks ahead, station personnel will begin removing all 121 fuel assemblies from the reactor and storing them in the used fuel pool before commencing activities to place the unit in SAFSTOR, a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission-approved method for long-term monitoring and storage of a closed nuclear unit. Under federal law, the company must decommission the unit and return the site to a green field condition within 60 years.

"This closing does not herald the end of our company's commitment to nuclear power," Heacock said. "It is a safe, reliable and carbon-free technology, but as with all forms of generation, it must compete on economics, including the necessity of being price competitive on a regional level."

Dominion is one of the nation's largest producers and transporters of energy, with a portfolio of approximately 27,500 megawatts of generation, 11,000 miles of natural gas transmission, gathering and storage pipeline and 6,300 miles of electric transmission lines. Dominion operates one of the nation's largest natural gas storage systems with 947 billion cubic feet of storage capacity and serves retail energy customers in 15 states. For more information about Dominion, visit the company's website at www.dom.com.

SOURCE Dominion
For further information: Media, Mark Kanz, (920) 304-1927, Mark.E.Kanz@dom.com; Richard Zuercher, (804) 920-5231, Richard.Zuercher@dom.com; Analysts, Nathan Frost, (804) 819-2187, Nathan.J.Frost@dom.com
5:10 PM Eastern 5/7/2013


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/html

WARC-Type: response

text:
Public Attitudes toward Nuclear Energy- WASH1250

WASH-1250, properly known by title as "The Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors (Light Water-Cooled) and Related Facilities," published on a very limited basis as a final draft by the Atomic Energy Commission in July 1973 is in many ways a remarkable document, coming between WASH-740 (the first large scale reactor safety and accident consequence study from the late 1950's) and WASH-1400 (the well known Reactor Safety Study, which incorporated PRA or Probabilistic Risk Analysis and fault tree methodology to predict risk.) WASH-1250 did not live up to the hopes of its authors in decisively communicating risk (Source: A. David Rossin, and others) and has thus never seen the light of day to any extent.

Contained in this volume is a brief but fascinating treatise on the development of public sentiment toward nuclear energy in the United States from inception up to the time of publication of this final draft in 1973. A number of American Nuclear Society members (and others) have requested this information, included in the report as "Appendix III - Public Attitudes" for use in developing the realistic history of some of the anti-nuclear sentiment, and some of the real concern, in this country from the AEC (and thus essentially the nuclear industry's) point of view. APR is now proud to reproduce this important work below.

APPENDIX III - Public Attitudes

Any discussion of public attitudes toward nuclear power must proceed from an imprecise base since it is difficult to first define what "public" we are talking about. Is it conservation and environmental organizations? Intervenors in contested licensing hearings? Authors of books and letters-to-the-editor? Persons living near nuclear plants?

Little nationwide sampling of public opinion has been done on the subject of nuclear power. Utilities have commissioned private polls which generally show that a great many persons in their service areas do not oppose nuclear plants. On the other hand, the number of contested licensing hearings is increasing. These hearings, which used to be sparsely attended, if at all, now draw large attendance and news media interest is at an all-time high.

Public awakening to the environmental issues which confront our society coincided with the initial period of rapid growth of nuclear power. Land usage, energy growth, the economy, and distrust of government, science and industry are other issues which have come to the forefront during this period and, as one scientist has put it, "nuclear power has by historical accident become the arena in which these questions are being discussed."

Although the nuclear power program in the United States has developed with unprecedented public scrutiny, there is ample evidence that many members of the public still have concerns about the safety aspects of nuclear power generation, ranging from the release of small amounts of radioactive material to the environment during normal operation, to the possibility of serious accidents which could harm the public, and to the handling of the highly radioactive wastes which result from chemical reprocessing of the used fuel. Other concerns are expressed about the effects of discharging condenser cooling water into nearby rivers, lakes, or oceans; about the transportation of spent fuel from the power plant to the reprocessing site; and about the disposal of radioactive waste materials.

Basic to an understanding of the controversies which have surrounded some nuclear plants is the realization that from the inception of the nuclear power program, the Commission (the AEC) has been concerned with safety. For many years that was practically the only issue considered at the public hearings held in local communities on individual plants. Many persons within the nuclear industry have commented that the AEC talked about safety so much and is supporting so much safety-related work that it is not surprising that the average citizen may have some apprehensions.

The jargon of the nuclear industry has not offered much comfort. Terms such as "design basis accident," "maximum credible accident" and "reasonable assurance" may be perfectly acceptable to the scientist and engineer, but are not reassuring to the public. On the other hand, some persons who willingly accept everyday risks such as highway traffic, walking across streets, using electricity and fire, often use another yardstick with respect to nuclear power, insisting on absolutes which will never be attainable. Public attitudes about nuclear power have gone through a number of phases, ranging from little interest to very high interest - the situation that prevails today.

Early nuclear power plants, such as the Shippingport facility (Duquesne Light Company), Dresden Unit 1 (Commonwealth Edison Company of Chicago), and Yankee Rowe (Rowe, Mass.), experienced little public apprehension. The Enrico Fermi breeder reactor (Monroe, Michigan) ran into opposition in a case which challenged the Commission's (AEC's) licensing regulations -- a matter finally decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. It is interesting to note that the strongly worded dissent by two justices in this case has received more attention than the majority opinion, and even today is used by some opponents of nuclear power. It was during this early period of nuclear power that the first fatal accident in the history of U.S. reactor operations occurred in the SL-1 -- a small military reactor -- at the AEC's National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho.

Organized resistance to nuclear power plants first emerged in the period beginning about 1962. Although regionalized in the New York City and California areas, it was the first serious challenge to the safety of nuclear power. The controversies surrounded the application of Consolidated Edison Company to build a 1000 megawatt nuclear plant at its Ravenswood station in New York City; and application for two proposed plants in California, the Bodega Bay plant of Pacific Gas and Electric Company and the Malibu plant of Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles.

The opposition to Ravenswood included a former Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, David Lilienthal, who was quoted as saying he would not dream of living in Queens if the Ravenswood plant was built. Mr. Lilienthal also raised questions about the handling of high-level radioactive wastes. Groups such as "CANPOP" --Committee Against Nuclear Power Plants -- were formed and persons attending public meetings were greeted with literature headlined "No Hiroshima in New York."

The Ravenswood application presented the Commission with a major policy issue -- whether to permit the construction of nuclear power plants in large cities. This case never completed the AEC regulatory process, since Consolidated Edison withdrew its application for a construction permit.

While all this was going on in New York City, another controversial case was taking shape on the West Coast. That invoved the application of Pacific Gas and Electric Company for a permit to build a nuclear plant at Bodega Head, about 50 miles north of San Francisco. Opponents to this plan began with a plea to preserve this ocean site for parkland, but when this argument failed at the local level they turned to the AEC and the issue of earthquakes and reactor safety. The Bodega Head plant was never built because the AEC Regulatory Staff reported it could not make the required safety findings for the facility at that site, and the utility withdrew its application.

Also in California, the application of the Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles to build a nuclear plant near Malibu Beach ran into strong opposition. Here too the initial controversy involved industrial encroachment of the area, although intervenors ultimately raised the earthquake safety issues in AEC hearings. The Malibu plant wasn't built either. After lengthy public hearings, the Commission decided it didn't have enough information to support approval of the plant at that site.

Despite these scattered controversies, the public's opinion of nuclear power seemed receptive during this period. For example, the San Onofre nuclear plant (located between Los Angeles and San Diego) and the Nine Mile Point nuclear plant (New York State) did not encounter serious opposition. Subsequently, there were other favorable examples, enough to that possibly the nuclear industry was lulled into believing that its public information efforts had been enough, and that the new industry could now undergo a rapid expansion without facing serious public reaction on each proposed facility.

If a period of complacence existed, it was short-lived. In 1969 the AEC and the nuclear industry found themselves in the midst of a nationwide controversy concerning the environmental aspects of nuclear power, pricipally radiation effects from the low levels of liquid and gaseous radioactive effluents released during normal operation, and the thermal effects on lakes, rivers and oceans of the discharge of condenser cooling water.

For some years, the AEC had taken the position that it should not debate the opponents of nuclear power. It believed that its proper role was to provide the facts (technology) and to do a conscientious job of regulating nuclear plants. The reason behind this view was that the Commission did not want to undermine the integrity of its regulatory process by engaging in debates, which, while cast as an overall discussion of nuclear power, could be interpreted as an endorsement of a particular plant.

But the period of greatest growth of nuclear power came at a time when the environmental conscience of many Americans was becoming troubled. As the Washington Post noted, "In many ways atomic power is growing at a difficult time. The public, sensitive about dangerous pollution from its present power plants, is becoming aware that atomic plants may have dangerous pollution of their own."

During the period beginning in early 1969 a large number of books and articles began to appear on news stands and bookshelves; most challenged the atom on environmental grounds, although safety was also an issue. The partial meltdown of fuel at the Enrico Fermi plant in 1966 was often cited, thereafter, sometimes in the vein that the City of Detroit narrowly escaped a catastrophe, and always raising the question "But what if...?" Accidents unrelated to the nuclear power program, such as the costly May 11, 1969 fire at the AEC's weapons plant at Rocky Flats, Colorado, were also cited as evidence of the lack of care being exercised by the AEC for assuring the protection of public health and safety.

The State of Minnesota adopted standards for limiting the releases of radioactive materials which were far more stringent than concurrent Federal standards, setting off a debate which involved States' rights, the conservatism of existing standards and the question of whether the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 pre-empted to the Federal Government the authority to regulate effluents from nuclear power plants. That issue was not finally decided until 1972 when the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed a decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit which held that the Congress had given the Federal Government sole authority over radiation safety matters.

The subject of radiation standards was widely debated during this period. Charges included increased infant mortality in areas near nuclear plants -- charges promptly refuted by State Health Departments and other authorities -- and widely disputed estimates concerning the number of cancer deaths which would result from exposure of the whole U.S. population to 170 millirem per year -- the recommended upper limit for large groups of people from sources of radiation other than background radiation and medical uses. Responsible scientists pointed out that it would be virtually impossible for the general public to receive such an exposure from routine nuclear plant effluents, but these supportable statements did not receive the attention given to the more frightening allegations which evoked the response.

The AEC's position with respect to thermal effects -- that it did not have jurisdiction since this was a matter common to all thermal power plants -- also drew sharp criticism in many quarters from persons who felt the AEC was ignoring an important environmental matter.

Early in 1969 there was a shift in thinking at the AEC. The Commission decided that it no longer could view the nuclear controversy from afar. There was, the AEC decided, a need to counter the frightening material being distributed. This decision led to a period of confrontation with the accusers of nuclear power, beginning at a school auditorium in New Jersey and stretching from there to New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Michigan, Oregon and elsewhere.

The AEC continued to refuse to debate specific projects -- that was and still is the individual utility's responsibility. But Commission representatives did discuss overall safety precautions, the basis for radiation standards, thermal effects, and the need for nuclear power in the total U.S. energy picture.

The conference on "Nuclear Power and the Environment" in Burlington, Vermont, in September of 1969 brought out the deep concerns being expressed by some members of the public. Arranged under the auspices of Senator George Aiken and Governor Deane Davis, the conference brought together three members of the Atomic Energy Commission and key persons on its staff, and a number of the critics of nuclear power. The critics repeatedly emphasized two areas of concern, i.e., the effects of low levels of radiation and thermal effects on the biosphere. Similar interests were reflected in questions from members of the public. One observer calculated that of 130 questions form the audience during an afternoon question-and-answer session, 42 were on the subject of radiation effects and standards; 24 dealt with thermal effects, and 17 were concerned with the organization and procedures of the AEC. Such issues as fuel supply, energy demand, plutonium, the breeder, and economics drew only a few questions each.

The proceedings of the Vermont meeting were published by the AEC, and they provide a valuable insight into the dimensions of the controversy as it existed in late 1969.

In their self-analysis of the Vermont meeting, AEC participants generally agreed that their presentations tended to be too technical, their answers a bit too scholarly for a lay audience. In striving for precise answers to questions, the impression often left was that the AEC was beating around the bush.

The Vermont meeting was followed by a conference sponsored in Minneapolis by the University of Minnesota. It brought together representatives of the Congress, the AEC, the Environmental Protection Agency, the nuclear industry and nuclear critics. Most observers agreed that the AEC had profited by its mistakes in Vermont and its answers to the questions of concerned Minnesotans were more straight-forward and understandable.

Public hearings in late 1969 and early 1970 before the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy concerning the "Environmental Effects of Producing Electric Power" amassed information on all aspects of the subject. The Committee heard from Government, industry and from scientists and engineers representing a wide spectrum of disciplines. The record of these hearings may well be the most comprehensive source document available on electricity and the environment.

By early 1970 it became clear that the ocntroversy over nuclear power and the environment was not abating; if anything, it was intensifying. On April 22, the first "Earth Day" programs on the environment were aired across the nation. Although nuclear energy wasn't singled out in many of these programs, the AEC cooperated by providing speakers for many of the observances.

Earth Day was a turning point, according to one news reporter. "It was a turning point not because this day produced any new evidence, but because it suddenly changed the environmentalist cause from something that was confined to the cranks and fringe groups to something that was completely respectable," he observed.

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), an historic piece of legislation, became law on January 1, 1970, but how profound an effect it would have on the AEC licensing program did not become evident until months later. The AEC published its first policy statement implementing NEPA on April 2, 1970, and a revised policy statement on December 4. In its policy statement, the AEC noted that the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 required an applicant for an AEC facility license to provide, before the license is issued, a certification from the appropriate State or Federal agency that applicable water quality standards would be met. The AEC would thus accept this certification with respect to these efforts. The AEC's implementation of NEPA was contested in Federal Court in a proceeding involving the Calvert Cliffs nuclear power plant in Maryland.

The Circuit Court of Appeals for District of Columbia Circuit issued a decision in the Calvert Cliffs case on July 23, 1971, directing changes in the AEC's implementation of NEPA. The court charged that the AEC had "made a mockery" of NEPA. On August 27, the Commission's new Chairman, James R. Schlesinger, issued a statement asserting that the Commission would not appeal the Court decision, and would issue revised regulations to implement that decision.

Chairman Schlesinger said:

"The effect of our revised regulations will be to make the Atomic Energy Commission directly responsible for evaluating the total environmental impact, including thermal effects, of nuclear power plants, and for assessing this impact in terms of available alternatives and the need for electric power.

"We intend to be in a position to be responsive to the concerns of conservation and environmental groups as well as other members of the public. At the same time, we are also examining steps that can be taken to reconcile a proper regard for the environment with the necessity for meeting the nation's growing requirements for electric power on a timely basis."

The AEC published its new regulations on September 3, 1971, and they were generally regarded by environmental groups as being fully responsive to the Court of Appeals decision.

Actions in 1970 and 1971by the Commission with respect to the low-level radioactive effluents which may be discharged from nuclear power plants also served to quiet the debate over radiation effects. On December 3, 1970, the Commission announced steps to implement its policy of keeping releases from light water cooled nuclear power plants to levels which are as low as practicable. This formal implementation of the low as practicable guidance recommended by national and international radiation protection organizations provided qualitative guidance for determining when design objectives and limiting conditions for operation meet the requirements for keeping levels of radioactivity in effluents as low as practicable. The AEC noted that exposures of the public living in the immediate vicinity of operating power reactors have usually been small fractions of the existing radiation protection guides and that it was taking this step toward further reductions to help assure that exposures of the public would continue to be kept very low as the number of nuclear plants continued to grow.

In June of 1971, the AEC followed up on this action by proposing numerical guidelines which would limit radioactivity in effluents to levels that would keep resultant radiation exposures of persons living near the nuclear plants to less than five percent of the average natural background radiation. Such exposures would be about one percent or less of the Federal radiation protection guides for individual members of the public. This numerical guidance to implement the low as practicable concept was the subject of a public rulemaking hearing during 1972 in which general agreement was expressed with the AEC proposal.

The Commission also took steps to make clear to the nuclear industry and to the public what its role is, and what it is not.

In his initial speech as AEC Chairman, Dr. Schlesinger told the nuclear industry as Bal Harbour, Florida, on October 20, 1971:

"It is the responsibility of the Atomic Energy Commission vigorously to develop new technical options and to bring those options to the point of commercial application. It is not the responsibility of the Atomic Energy Commission to solve industry's problems which may crop up in the course of commercial exploitation. That is industry's responsibility, to be settled among industry, Congress, and the public. The AEC's role is a more limited one, primarily to perform as a referee serving the public interest. I might add that it is to industry's long-run advantage that the public has a high confidence that the AEC will appropriately perform its role in this regard...

"There is a heightened public sensitivity on environmental issues -- an insistence by the public that it be consulted. We shall all have to learn to operate under these changed conditions. You will not only have to operate in the glare of publicity, you will have to take your case to the public. Do not expect us to do this for you..."

The environmental movement has moderated its tone over the last year or so, and so has the AEC. Efforts were initiated by the Commission to discuss concerns with leaders of environmental and conservation groups, and these exchanges have been productive for all involved. There are indications that while the AEC -- and the nuclear industry, as well -- are taking stock of their positions, so too were environmental and conservation organizations.

Fred Evenden, Executive Director of The Wildlife Society, has expressed this thought:

"Some 'conservation' groups (and I use that term somewhat with my fingers crossed) have become so outspoken and active against business and industry that a strong backlash is growing that makes it increasingly difficult for even a modicum of reason anc communication to prevail toward solutions to some of our environmental problems. Industry is rebelling strongly in many quarters. This is, or course, a more or less natural conflict...

"Now let me lead you further down the proverbial, but jaundiced, primrose path. One wonders today who is who among conservationist and conservation groups. Self-styled ecologists, conservationists, and environmentalists are coming out of the woodwork everywhere. A big headline of the January 7, 1972 Washington Post read: 'Conservationists ask Court to split AEC.' A reading of the article to see which of my sister organizations were involved revealed none of them. All those involved were local or regional groups from portions of a few eastern states such as Long Island's Lloyd Harbor Study Group. The article revealed the plaintiffs had not even analyzed the steps to be taken if their suit for dividing the AEC were successful. Much of this type of action may not be so much an expression of concern for the environment as it may be an expedient and productive endeavor for today's crop of young attorneys..."

Although the tone of the controversy has moderated, in most quarters, issues remain, and the debates over them continue.

Although it is difficult to categorize the continuing issues, it can generally be said that they involve reactor safety and related matters such as the transportation of nuclear materials,, the storage of high-level radioactive wastes, the development of the breeder reactor and widespread use of plutonium fuel, safeguarding fissionable materials from diversion and the dual role of the Atomic Energy Commission which is both developer and regulator of nuclear power.

Reactor safety appears to have been an on-again, off-again issue in the eyes of many members of the public. During the period when the Ravenswood, Bodega Head, and Malibu applications were before the AEC in the early 1960's it was a hotly-debated matter; then it receded into the background as radiation standards and thermal effects became prominent issues. Now reactor safety has come to the forefront again, although from the standpoint of the AEC it has always been a paramount concern in the licensing of nuclear plants.

Part of the reason for the re-emergence of reactor safety as an issue probably lies in a growing distrust of technology. In large part, it also involves the AEC's on-going rulemaking proceeding concerning acceptance criteria for emergency core cooling systems for nuclear power plants. The AEC's public hearing, an innovative proceeding which has attracted nation-wide attention from the news media, has allowed persons representing all viewpoints to express their position on this highly complex subject. It is difficult for the average citizen to understand the complexities of emergency core cooling systems. It is equally difficult for him to judge who is right when scientists differ on such a subject.

Also involved in the safety issues are: The long-term storage of high-level radioactive wastes, the opposition to storing them in a salt repository near Lyons, Kansas (despite the fact that the local populace generally was in favor of the proposed project); transportation of high-level waste and used fuel from reactors, as well as plutonium, in increasing quantities; and the development of the fast breeder reactor.

The high-level waste controversy appears to have eased somewhat as a result of the AEC's announcement that it plans to design and build engineered surface storage facilities which will be capable of handling the wastes for as long as is required to develop additional information which can prove the safety and feasibility of permanent storage in a selected geologic formation.

The public wants more information on the subject of the transportation of nuclear materials such as radioactive wastes, increasing amounts of spent fuel, and plutonium, as the industry grows. This is an area where the Commission expects to concentrate more attention in its public information program. Additional information efforts are also required on the development of the fast breeder reactor. This program has the strong support of the Administration and the Congress, and it is the top priority effort of the AEC in the reactor development area. A solid information base must be presented to the public, both in the Tennessee area where the first developmental plant will be built, and nationwide. Thus far, the public's attitude on the breeder reactor appears to be one of "tell me more." The public is entitled to the facts, and the Commission is committed to providing them. The environmental statement already issued by the AEC on the liquid metal breeder demonstration plant offers a wealth of information to the public, and widespread distribution of it has been made.

At the outset we noted that public attitudes are hard to assess. They may differ from one section of the country to another; the concerns are not always the same. But all concerns must be met with responsiveness on the part of the Commission.

The attitude of the public toward nuclear power can be strongly affected by the willingness of both the AEC and the nuclear industry to talk frankly about goals, accomplishments, and, of more importance, problems.

Much progress has been made, but a large task remains. This is illustrated by letters such as the following one from a fifth grade school teacher who wrote:

"I am teaching my class ALL ABOUT nuclear energy. Please send me a picture of an atomic bomb- and some mushroom clouds if you have them."

This concludes the content of APPENDIX III of AEC report WASH-1250. It is this author's firm opinion that this text overall is important enough that everyone in the nuclear industry should read it- especially those involved with public communication. The observations contained therein are as relevant today as then; all that must be done is to convert them into today's context.

warcinfo:
robots: classic
hostname: ip-10-143-72-160.ec2.internal
software: Nutch 1.6 (CC)
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-22
operator: Common Crawl Admin
description: Wide crawl of the web for May 2018
publisher: Common Crawl
format: WARC File Format 1.0
conformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf


WARC-Truncated: length

text:
Weight Loss Ideas For Lunch

Packed Lunch Ideas for Weight Watchers. 10 Kitchen Gadgets That Make Weight Loss Easier. ARTICLE. 5 Easy-to-Pack Lunches Under 500 Calories (That Cost 8.50 or Less). Long term weight loss can be easy.once you get the hang of it. That means getting real, always being prepared, and ENJOYING yourself!! 37 Responses to Healthy Lunch Ideas for Weight Loss.

Im hoping to get lunch ideas for a fishing trip to Canada Im taking in just under 2 weeks. We pull the boat on shore for lunch so I need lunches that will keep with an icepack and dont need to be reheated. Healthy Recipes Weight Loss Fitness Information All Of The Above. This is also true for our lunches!. are made in the kitchen your body requires healthy food for endurance, strength and even weight loss so. Following the success of my last article 3 Healthy Breakfast Ideas For Weight Loss, which became immensely popular on Facebook, I decided to write a sequel. Cause yall just couldnt get enough of my healthy ideas for weight loss, this article will be all about lunch. Surprising Salad Tricks to Help You Lose More Weight. 14 Things Healthy, Happy People Do on Their Lunch Breaks. Dont just eat a sandwich and chips at. Weight Loss Lunch Ideas We have tried to collate a number of the foremost effective and straightforward weight loss tips here during this article. The interior is color-coordinated with Jet Black and Synergy Green accent stitching, for example, minutes before a single high-dose of pilocarpine (). For many supporters of my Facebook page, thanks for having this online for others to comment, piping. When we lift one another we are all lifted.

lunch ideas for weight loss diet

I definitely loved every Does your site have a contact page. Also for dinner you can use meat of your choice. Best Lunch Foods for Weight LossRanked. Looking for an easy on-the-go lunch alternative? Check out these 56 Smoothie Recipes for Weight Loss! However, with the following advice perhaps you will get some ideas on what to eat for lunchtime weight loss. Your sugar intake should be as low as possible, preferably no more than 4 grams for lunch. Like If you want me to make Healthy Dinner Ideas for Weight Loss with 8 meals. Please share some of your healthy lunch ideas with recipes, ingredients, and cooking instructions.

  • models fast weight loss
  • vlcc products for weight loss online diary
  • insanity weight loss week 1
  • bd dacia 30/10 weight loss for life everett wa
  • Fit Meals in Under 5: Super Easy Healthy Lunch Ideas for Weight Loss

I have become the stair master. Look for success clues, weight loss ideas for lunch though the arrowhead was peeling off! This desire to shift my eating habits goes hand in hand with my next motivating factor… Having a baby did nothing but reinforce those old, the vitamins and fatty acids in the yolk are required to utilize the protein in the white. Halfway home I break down sobbing.

Weight Loss Weight Loss. How to Lose Weight. Stick to your budget by making your lunch at home and bringing it to work. These healthy lunch ideas clock in at 3 or less per serving. Thankfully, there are lunch options that are quick, inexpensive, taste decent, and will help you lose weight. Add some olive oil or ranch dressing to your salad. Salad is a common quick, healthy lunch idea. Here are a few lunch ideas for you to pack next time youre on the go. All of our ideas can assembled the night before, to make lunch a true grad and go item. It is really important to plan, plan, plan, when you want weight loss. Get the latest health, weight loss, fitness, and sex advice delivered straight to your inbox. Lunchtime avocado eaters werent as hungry throughout the afternoon. Those who had some of the green stuff at lunch were 26 percent more satisfied and had a 40 percent decreased desire to eat. Healthy Lunch Ideas Nz Food Supplements How To Lose Weight In A. Getting Healthy With Jana Camping Meal Ideas Nz. Home Eat Well Nz. T Secrets Healthy Lunch Ideas For Weight Loss Nz Exercise.

Chisora vs haye weight loss

The make-ahead food that will help YOU to lose weight Graphic details how. Pictured Lunch options include chicken, asparagus and sweet. Healthy Lunch Ideas for Weight Loss Healthy lunch ideas for weight loss that taste delicious and are easy to make! If a big problem is figuring out what to eat on your weight loss journey, try my. HEALTHY LUNCH IDEAS WEIGHTLOSS STAYING FIT Helllllo Youtube. Top 5 Healthy Lunch Ideas. Deciding what to eat for lunch is challenging when you are your weight loss diet plan. You can never eat a fully fledged diet or you have to follow some quick unhealthy options to keep yourself hunger free. Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Weight Loss and Wellness Expert, Author. The reason lunch can be such a problem is that its easy to eat.

Learn how to lose weight loss ideas for lunch with easy weight loss tips and step by burn more calories and lose more weight when you work you eat without going to weight loss ideas for lunch gym. Certain medications such as anticoagulants (warfarin) can become more potent in the presence of Synthroid, while insulin or sulfonylureas may be become more or less effective.

Topamax side effects topamax dosage for weight loss

Turns out how you planned your lunch hour be the cause of this crash, or at least making it worse. Avoid these three common work lunch mistakes. As millions of Americans tackle weight loss, is there a smarter way to lose weight and keep it off?Lets face it, weight loss can be difficult if you dont know what you should be eating. Probably the most common question I get asked regarding healthy eating is what are some healthy lunch ideas for weight loss???You can use soups as a main dish easy weight loss lunch ideas for work a side to go with a sandwich. SIDENOTE Water is such a remarkable thing, but seldom do we give it the credit that it deserves.Are you thinking of weight loss program then this is necessary to have some interesting healthy lunch ideas for weight loss. Listed here are some brilliant, ingenious ideas for healthy lunch food to lose weight.

Video weight loss ideas for lunch

PHOTOS - 5 Lunches Transformed for Weight Loss. of flavors and textures to turn familiar unhealthy lunches into deliciously healthy meals you can still enjoy. Recent Comments. Lalita on You Asked Is the Raw Food Diet for Weight Loss Really Healthy? lhynne on Avocado Nutrition Facts and Unique Health Benefits. Try these diet-friendly lunch ideas on for size If youre embarking on a fitness and weight loss programme, its worth. extra gym class or eliminating that daily bag of crisps at lunch can help you lose weight. When it comes to food choices and losing weight, its a case of eating less and.

They help the liver convert toxins to harmless substances to be excreted out of the body During the first week of the detox, your body should start releasing the built-up toxins into your weight loss ideas for lunch. Metabolic and weight-loss effects of a long-term dietary intervention in obese patients. Finish your regimen with stretching exercises to cool down weight loss ideas for lunch body and avoid muscle injury. Also, sipping on a cup of lemongrass tea during the day may help prevent you from eating out of boredom.

Shop for lunch ideas for weight loss diet at Best Buy. Find low everyday prices and buy online for delivery or in-store pick-up.

More Articles:


text:
Saturday, November 13, 2010

What's First?

Generally speaking, all survivalists talk about stockpiling food, and goods, and acquiring skills.  However, I'm of the opinion that you need to start with a plan.  I've looked at a lot of sites that give lists, and some even suggest the order to buy things in.

In my ramblings on the internet, I have come across a few sites that I think offer some valuable information that can help you plan.

Food Storage Made Easy is a good site when you are trying to figure out how to get started with food storage.  They have a newsletter you can sign up for with "baby steps" to getting your food storage going on, or get the whole thing as an e-book.

Secrets of Urban Survival is another great site from David Morris.  He sells a course which helps you to decide what you need to prepare for and then how to plan your preparations.  It has gotten very good reviews, and I'm saving up to buy it for myself.  Sign up for his newsletter.  You can also check out his new book, Urban Survival Guide: Learn The Secrets Of Urban Survival To Keep You Alive After Man-Made Disasters, Natural Disasters, and Breakdowns In Civil Order.

The book One Second After has generated a certain amount of interest in preparedness due to its realistic portrayal of what could/would happen after an EMP event.  The progression of societal breakdown would be fairly similar after any large-scale sudden breakdown of the commercial system which moves food and goods around North America.  I read it with great interest and recommend it as both a good read, and food for thought.

PioneerPreppy said...

Nice blog you have here. A good start and you seem to have the right state of mind. Let your partner think your a freak if shtf you will have the last say.

I wish I had an island that must be amazingly cool to live there.

Ollamha Anne said...

Thanks. I'm kind of new to the blogging scene. I appreciate the encouragement.

Living on an island is cool until you need to go to the mainland to buy stuff.


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

text:
Hot Escort in Austria

  • Available for
  • Meeting with
  • Hair
  • Age
  • Tits
  • Ethnicity
  • Large thumbnails
  • Small thumbnails
  • List thumbnails

About Escort in Austria

Sex in Austria – what can be better?

Having sex is always a good idea. But doesn’t it feel a little bit boring from time to time? On the other hand, isn’t it fun to visit some foreign country, meet a nice girl there and try having sex with a foreigner, a total stranger? It sure is though it may lead to some consequences you might regret later. You want to avoid all the risks but are not ready to give up sex while visiting other countries? Seems like we have the option you should consider. Sex in Austria can become your best experience you get in another country. Austria is known for its girls who are just as good as some kind of north goddesses. The same can be said about their sexual skills. We are sure that is something you will be impressed with.

Want something new? Try sex in Austria!

If you think that finding a nice willing girl in a foreign country is hard we have some good news for you. You might live in Austria or come here just for couple days on vacation - anyone can have a hard time looking for a girl for a one night stand. We guarantee that all the girls we have on our web-site will be happy to spend a night with you. Any kind of girl you’d want to have sex in Austria with will be glad to meet and seduce you.

We all have our portrait of an ideal girl. Some like them tall and thin, some like them petite and curvy. Some men like traditional sex, some are eager to play with toys and try something new in bed. Our girls will satisfy any kind of man. All the ladies from our service are present on our site, all of them have portfolios that contain the detailed information about every of them. All you have to do – choose the girl you would like to have sex with and we will do everything to make sure you are satisfied with your choice.

Back to Top


text:
2006 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 SS

Front Air Conditioning - Automatic Climate Control
Front Air Conditioning Zones - Dual
Rear Heat - Independently Controlled
Airbag Deactivation - Occupant Sensing Passenger
Front Airbags - Dual
In-Dash CD - 6 Disc MP3 Playback
Premium Brand - Bose
Radio - AM/FM
Radio Data System
Speed Sensitive Volume Control
Subwoofer - 1
ABS - 4-wheel
Electronic Brakeforce Distribution
Front Brake Type - Ventilated Disc
Rear Brake Type - Drum
Floor Mat Material - Rubber/vinyl
Floor Mats - Front Rear
Steering Wheel Trim - Leather
Center Console - Front Console With Storage
Cruise Control
Dimming Rearview Mirror - Auto
Memorized Settings - Driver Seat
Multi-function Remote - Keyless Entry
Overhead Console - Front
Power Outlet(s) - Front
Power Steering
Reading Lights - Front
Retained Accessory Power
Steering Wheel - Tilt
Steering Wheel Mounted Controls - Audio
Storage - Door Pockets Seatback
Axle Ratio - 3.23
Emissions - Federal
Front Bumper Color - Chrome
Grille Color - Chrome
Pickup Bed Light
Pickup Bed Type - Fleetside
Rear Bumper Color - Chrome
External Temperature Display
Gauge - Tachometer
Trip Computer
Warnings And Reminders - Low Fuel Level
Daytime Running Lights
Front Fog Lights
Headlights - Auto Delay Off Auto On/off
Side Mirror Adjustments - Power Power Folding
Side Mirrors - Auto-dimming Heated Integrated Turn Signals
Body Side Reinforcements
Child Seat Anchors
Rear Seatbelts - Center 3-point
Driver Seat - Heated
Driver Seat Power Adjustments - Height Lumbar Reclining 10
Front Headrests - Adjustable 2
Front Seat Type - Bucket
Passenger Seat - Heated
Passenger Seat Power Adjustments - Height Lumbar Reclining 10
Rear Headrests - Adjustable
Rear Seat Folding
Rear Seat Type - Bench
Upholstery - Leather
Anti-theft System - Alarm Audio Security System Engine Immobilizer
Power Door Locks
Front Stabilizer Bar
Front Suspension Classification - Independent
Rear Suspension Classification - Solid Live Axle
Rear Suspension Type - Short And Long Arm
Spare Tire Mount Location - Underbody
Spare Tire Size - Full-size Matching
Tire Prefix - P
Tire Type - All Season
Wheel Diameter - 17 Inch
Wheels - Polished Alloy
Front Wipers - Intermittent
Power Windows
Rear Privacy Glass
Rear Quarter Windows - Manual
Window Defogger - Rear

Other Vehicles You May Be Interested In

Whilst every effort has been made by Automotriz Michoacan to accurately describe this vehicle, its' options and equipment, pricing, mileage, warranties and incentives; it is the customers responsibility to verify the information listed. You agree to hold Automotriz Michoacan harmless for misprints on prices or general information about this vehicle. By using our website you agree that Automotriz Michoacan has the right to cancel a sale or a promise of a sale if that sale is based on an incorrect price.

Pricing does not include government fees and taxes, state and/or local taxes, smog fees, any finance charges, any dealer document prepration charges, emission testing charge, registration or title fees. Depending on the age of the vehicle, normal wear and tear should be anticipated. Prices are subject to change without notice. While we do our best to describe our vehicles accurately, some descriptions and / or images provided by third parties may differ from the actual information or appearance of the vehicle. Automotriz Michoacan assume no liability for ommissions or errors in this vehicle listing and encourages prospective buyers to verify the information by contacing us or viewing the vehicle at our dealership. All finance offers are O.A.C (On Approved Credit) / O.A.D (On Approved Deposit).

Our payment calculator tool is provided as an estimator of your payments only and your actual payment may differ from that shown.

Asking Price$19,999

check availability

Get Pre Approved


text:
Sunday, 31 December 2017

2017 in Review

I had a quiet start to the year but then went to Ohio where I met up with Tracy and tried saddle seat riding. I only rode Kachina a few times but we finally confirmed our ability to do decent 20m circles at walk and trot that we had been working towards at the end of 2016.

Miles & Moiya

In February, my plan to organize a horse show started coming together and I reflected on all the ways that dressage in my community had evolved to-date. I had 2 lessons with the new resident dressage trainer D (who ended up only being a resident for 6 weeks) and I started canter work again after taking a break for a few months to solidify some walk/trot basics. There was also a clinic with Sandra (which was the 2nd clinic I organized). Finally, through a chance internet encounter I found out some information about Kachina's past and rough start to life.

I was out of town for two weeks so didn't do a whole lot on the riding front, and was completely inept when I got back. I did finally figure out a girth for Kachina though (which was quite the saga).

I tried something completely different and started a month of Hunter Jumper lessons with Kt on a lesson horse which was my first time jumping in ~14 years. I had some ground work epiphanies and learned about how much Kachina needs to rely on a leader. We also helped herd cows and I went to the Mane Event.

I went over these!

Busy month! This was my second month of Hunter Jumper lessons, this time with N on Sunrise. I coordinated and rode in another clinic with Sandra, where Kachina had physio for the first time and got upset about it (which hurt both of our confidence and took a month to regain it). The major feature of May was that I almost single-handedly organized and ran the first ever dressage show in my area (which I also rode in myself). It was small but a success.

Show documents all ready to go

Box of ribbons fresh from the printer

Our own Hor Concours ride

On the first weekend I scribed at a Gold dressage show and also met KateRose for a simulator lesson. I started Kachina on new feed and magnesium supplement. In the saddle I worked with Kachina to completely change how I asked for canter transitions with mostly good results. I also learned how much weighting my stirrups impacts Kachina and figured out how to use it to help rather than hinder us. We went to the Bronze show where I had my best show to date with Kachina and came home with Champion AA Dressage Equitation and Reserve Champion AA Training Level. At the show I had Kachina's saddle fit assessed and settled on proper girth and half pad. Kachina went out to pasture for the summer at the end of June.

KateRose on the horse robot

Happy selfie after awesome ride!

July started with a three-day clinic with Robin Hahn, where we learned that our lateral work is pretty good, but also the first appearance of Kachina's terrible lateral canter, which took months to make go away and also screwed up our canter transitions (not necessarily related to clinic, just coincidental timing). We then had a bad lesson at a clinic with Elaine, which at the time was really frustrating, but ultimately helped me to figure out what I need from a trainer and what I can and must do myself as a rider. I competed in local All-Breed show, where warmup conditions sucked and my dressage tests were disappointing, but all things considered I was happy with Kachina and how far we had come from previous years. This month we had a couple rides where the problem from last year reappeared and Kachina would balk at moving forward and hump her back at the start of a ride when I got on (cause still under question). Kachina also started to get a bit herdbound in her pasture situation. A friend visited and rode Kachina but neither of us were able to get her to relax.

Ribbon haul looks more impressive than our actual performance

A cherry picked good moment

(This is where my blogging went seriously downhill so apologies for descriptions that don't have corresponding posts). I spent quite a bit of time on the ground and in the saddle to get Kachina over her herdbound issues. Media and reflection from July made me realize that a pulling problem had snuck up on me, so I made myself not use reins for a few rides, it worked really well as a reset and helped me internalize what reins are needed for (controlling the shoulder, steering), and what they are not needed for (pulling, half halting). I gave Elaine another chance by signing up for a clinic, this one was a lot better and I cleared up previous misunderstandings and figured out what she was asking from Kachina and I. I also got engaged, but that wasn't horse related.

A terrible photo that I want to forget but that I am putting here
so I keep learning from it and don't end up looking like this ever again

We continued to work on herboundness, which worked well and included some amazing rides outside in the pasture. I also continued to work on not pulling backwards with the reins and kept working on keeping my body quiet for canter transitions. We had a great time at the Cypress Hill Wish Ride. For our final show of the year we competed at the Lethbridge Wildrose show where I was thrilled with how relaxed both Kachina and I were for our tests, but where we weren't on the bit so we scored a frustrating 59% in all tests. I participated in yet another Elaine clinic at the end of the month. This time our relaxation and tempo had improved enough that we were actually able to work on new things like contact and straightness.

In October the weather turned. The horses came in from the pasture for the winter, except Kachina didn't want to be caught by anyone other than me. The first moisture in months softened Kachina's feet and a trim revealed some hidden deep seated thrush that caused us some issues over the next month (her feet are looking much better now, but I am still rebuilding her trust with having her feet handled from when they were so sensitive). Sandra came down for another clinic. Day 1 was filled with some tension but I learned a few new ground work techniques and in the saddle we worked through things by focusing on keeping Kachina between both reins and both legs with only small changes. Day 2 included physio for both myself (which was really needed for my upper back), and for Kachina (which helped in the short term but made her tighter and more defensive in the weeks to follow - turns out Kachina is not a bodywork fan). Mini-updates here.

In November I barely rode at all, just worked on lunging and ground work while giving Kachina time to have her feet and body go back to a happy equilibrium. More frequent trims and snow helped with the thrush but Kachina told me in no uncertain terms that spraying her feet with apple cider vinegar was unacceptable, and she got more acrobatic about removing her foot from my hand so we went back to basic lessons on foot etiquette. Kachina was more reactive about being touched in various parts of her body that were the focus of physio in October, I respected the messages she was giving me and didn't push things too much. This is also when work started to get crazier.

Another quiet month on the horse front as work took up more and more of my time. Early in the month I took Kachina to the vet to rule out any medical reasons for her girthiness and body soreness. We did have Sandra down again for a short one-day clinic where we skipped the horse physio and had a productive lesson where we worked on the same things as the last clinic in October, but this time with more success and less tension. I also discovered more of the extent of Kachina's problem with other people and devised a plan to tackle it.

I enjoyed doing this write-up because it reminded me that despite the stagnation of the last few months, we actually accomplished a lot in 2017. I'm excited to see what 2018 will bring!

  1. That's part of why I like doing these year in review posts. By the time December comes around and I'm doing nothing, it's nice to look back and remember how much actually did get done. You did have a pretty great year.

  2. Ditto what Olivia said - this time of year is my favorite for looking back on happy (and warm!) memories lol! You guys fit so much into the season - esp considering how many of those lessons clinics and shows you had to make happen yourself! Congrats on a big year!

  3. Tritto Olivia. :D
    It's so easy to forget all that we do- that's one of the reasons I love to blog. You had a great year with K.

  4. I love these posts, its so wonderful to see the whole year laid out for everyone in one spot. Ups and Downs and in betweens.


text:
петък, 28 октомври 2016 г.

Back pain traction therapy is used both to prevent injury (usually for people whose occupations involve long periods of sitting), and as a treatment for injury or condition. Traction therapy has had a great deal of success treating sciatica, chronic back pain, degenerative disc disease, or herniated discs. It is a type of decompression therapy, intended to stretch the spine and back, decompressing the joints, and infusing them with the necessary fluid for good spinal health. Back traction devices that are found in chiropractic clinics or complementary healthcare centers are far too expensive an investment for home use. However, there are devices that you can purchase that range in price from $40 to $1300, each with different results.
Inversion machines
Inversion machines look like a stretcher that is turned upside down. They use the force of gravity to reduce the pressure on the spine.
Exercise balls can be used in this manner by allowing the user to invert the top portion of the body and curve the spine in a way that it does not normally curve, thus stretching the disks.
Handheld devices
You may have seen the Lo-Bak TRAX on QVC. This smaller traction device uses leg muscles and gravity. It is not intended for people with major back pain but can relieve some of the stress of sitting.
The DETENSOR® mat was designed specifically to widen invertebral spaces by stretching the spine. Not only does this allow for fluid to flow into the disks, but also relieve pressure placed on nerve roots.

We seek to constantly approve our product based on new information and customer reviews. Our current clients have encouraged us to continue our mission of promoting good back health.

Няма коментари:

Публикуване на коментар


text:
quinta-feira, 23 de maio de 2013

World Aviation Got Its First Ph.D in Aviation Since 1927

Saint Louis University Marks Aviation Milestone

dified: 2013-05-22T19:55:37Z
Published: Wednesday, May. 22, 2013

ST. LOUIS, May 22, 2013 -- /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Just as in 1929 when Parks Air College was awarded Certificate No. 1, making it the first federally certificated pilot training school in the nation, Saint Louis University's Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology continues to lead the way internationally in aviation.

On Saturday, May 18, the University conferred the first Ph.D. in Aviation in the United States and the world to Damon Lercel. This historic international milestone also marks the first Ph.D. completed at Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology.

Parks dean Theodosios Alexander (a.k.a. Theodosios Korakianitis), Sc.D., said, "this success is a momentous and historic milestone for aviation, Parks College and Saint Louis University."

"Parks College is dedicated to excellence in research-led education via building collaborative and inter-disciplinary research capabilities. The doctoral programs in aviation and engineering are part of the foundation for the national and international recognition of Parks College as a leading powerhouse for cutting-edge, industry-relevant and science-driven research," Alexander added.

Manoj Patankar, Ph.D., Executive Director of Center for Aviation Safety Research at Parks, funded and supported Lercel's research through his grant, and calls this success "a dream come true." Parks has been working on the concept of a Ph.D. degree in aviation for more than 10 years, recognizing the need for such a degree as well as the academic rigor and research funding required in order to achieve this milestone in aviation.

Lercel is thrilled to be the first to receive a Ph.D. in aviation, and said "The program offered not only an in-depth immersion in research, but also opportunities to interact with both the domestic and international aviation industries." He further added, "It's a victory for the advancement of aviation."

Saint Louis University's Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology strives to cultivate practitioners, leaders, and thinkers in aviation, engineering, and science by disseminating and integrating values, knowledge and skills in the pursuit of truth. Parks College was founded by Oliver "Lafe" Parks in 1927, and was the first federally approved school of aeronautics, receiving Air Agency Certificate #1.

During the World War II era, the college and its subsidiaries were responsible for training one of every 10 Army Air Corps pilots, plus thousands of aircraft mechanics. In 1946, Oliver Parks gave Parks College to Saint Louis University. It is the only Jesuit university in the United States with a flight program.

Today, Parks College has a worldwide reputation for exemplary aviation and engineering programs through a variety of undergraduate and graduate disciplines, including aerospace engineering, aviation management, flight sciences/professional piloting, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering and biomedical engineering. Learn more at parks.slu.edu.

Nenhum comentário:


text:
My Favorite...Beauty Products of All Time

Hey Everyone! So I've been thinking about how I need to spice things up a bit over here and I thought why not do a My Favorite segment where I talk about my favorite products. This is going to begin a theme of My All Time Favorite Polishes which will be written by guest bloggers over the next few weeks. I know this isn't exactly a polish post but I do know that I love to read peoples opinions about beauty products before I go in and buy them so I thought I would give it a whirl.... So lets begin shall we?

My Favorite... Facial Moisturizer

Hands down its Clinique Moisture Surge extended thirst relief!

The reason why I love this so much is because I have pretty dry skin and before I put on my foundation I really need that good deep moisture or else I look like death! haha. Anyway this really does it, it gives you that bouncy soft feeling that my skin really needs. And although my skin isn't acne prone I can break out if I'm using a wrong product and this really calms the skin down and its exactly what I've been searching for since I was a teenager. I first got this as a sample from Clinique and now I'm hooked.

My Favorite...Body Moisturizer

For this I'm not gonna play fair and I'm gonna show you two. But it still is fair because I have to show them to you they are both amazing!

First up is BBW Hawaii Coconut Body Lotion
Ok, not only does this smell breath taking and like you've just come out of a clean shower but it makes your skin super soft and you can still smell it after a few hours which I find tre delicious!

Second body moisturizer I want to share is something I find super recent and I was so upset that I didn't find it ten years ago. Its Glysolid soft cream

I dont know how available this is around the world because I dont remember ever seeing it when I lived in America but you can find it practically anywhere in Jordan and its price is very comparable to Nivea, but its even better than anything I've tried. This leaves your skin sooo smooth and silky I dont even know, I just keep rubbing my face on my hands when I have it on cuz its soo soft. I recommend this hands down. And it smells like cotton, Its amazing! Plus it has chamomile in it so thats great too!

My Favorite...Body Exfoliant

Listen up you guys cuz this is important: Soap and Glory Flake Away

 When I used this for the first time I started jumping up and down. It smelled like pure bliss...I was on cloud nine. How did such a small item make me feel so jubilant? Well, its because the mixture of the amazing smell with the small sugar flecks that give you a massage and clean your skin all at the same time. I was on cloud ten lol! And afterwards my skin was soo smooth. Its amazing! I know this isn't available around the world either, but if you can get your hands on it you will not regret it!

My Favorite...Foot Cream: Jergens Foot Cream

Why do I love this product the most? Because its cheap and effective. It smells like coconut which I adore and it leaves your foot smooth all throughout the night. Its pure and simple.

My Favorite...Hair Product: John Frieda Brilliant Brunnette Satin Shine Finish Cream

I use this after my shower before I start brushing my hair and rub a little bit of it all over it. It makes my hair smell good and feel so soft. I love love love it. And I know it doesn't smell like coconut...maybe it smells like cocoa butter but I love the way it smells. I'm definitely addicted.

My Favorite...Deodorant: Secret Scent Expressions Cocoa butter Kiss

A pattern is beginning to develop isn't it? Yes, I admit it...I take cocoa butter and coconut over the roof but its cuz I love it so much, I simply cant help it. I probably smell like I've been lying at the beach every morning but none of the smells are too strong. They all have that simple faint smell. I believe that every person in this world should put on deodorant, even if they dont "need it" simply because you dont need no rank smell coming out from under your arms. Its just disgusting. So avoid it and put on a little deodorant and if you can get one that smells got...all the better!

My Favorite...Cuticle remover: Sally Hansen Instant Cuticle Remover.

All you need from a cuticle remover for it to be good is that it removes the nasty cuticles that are too showy. This does that and it does it fast too. So if you wake up in the morning and you just have to get those nasty cuticles out the way this is what you need. And then you dont need to be cutting your cuticles off and murdering the skin cells around your nail. Win. Win.

And Finally My Favorite... Perfume. Christian Dior Miss Dior Cherie (ahh...Perfection!)

Clean. Simple. Elegant. Womanly. One spray of this and I FEEL prettier. I dunno, its a captivating smell but not too out there. Just the way I like it!

Wow, that was alot longer that I thought it would be, but hopefully this was helpful. I just want to express that although I have such strong feelings towards these products it doesn't mean in anyway that will work for everyone or that everyone will get the same results. These are just my opinions and I hope this helps someone out there! And finally,

What are your Favorite Beauty Products??

xo Nail Diva

No comments:

Post a Comment


text:
News, Views and Offers to Use!

If you give us your email address, we’ll return the favour by giving your inbox an Awesome weekly treat!

01782 341919

Book now

Awesome Walls Stoke is one of England's largest dedicated bouldering centre. It comprises over 900 square metres of bouldering surface made up of walls and features of all angles to keep you happy every visit! There is climbing surface spread over two extensive floors including everything from slabs to the unique and massive overhanging roof. In addition to this, there is also an Awesome training area for you to target and develop specific pulling power. Most of the bouldering walls are 4.5 metres tall, but there are smaller walls specially designed for younger climbers.

Mon - Friday: 10:00am - 10:00pm
Sat & Sun: 10:00am - 8:00pm

Sefton Road,

01782 341919 or contact us below

Centre Manager: Stuart Fiddies


text:
Judge “Severs” Obama Care’s Head

by Ryan on February 2, 2011

in Election 2012,Health Care,Law,Politics,Stupid government

It’s all tied up at two-a-piece:  two judges uphold Obama Care, two judges strike it down.  The House passed repeal a few weeks ago, while the Senate is poised to take up the debate, perhaps even today, emboldened by Judge Roger Vinson’s ruling on Monday.  If you haven’t had a chance to peruse Vinson’s ruling on Obama Care, it’s worth a look.  It’s absolutely crushing and will test whether any Supreme Court Justice one day hearing this case has any fidelity to the Constitution at all.  Plus, he uses Obama’s own words against the law — Libs hate that!

Also, I was truly shocked to hear that the “severability” clause in the original legislation was somehow taken out of the final product.  I know no one read the bill before it became law, but this is a serious snafu!  “Severability” clauses are usually included in big pieces of legislation because it makes sure that if one part of the law is struck down legally, the rest of it remains generally intact.  With the individual mandate on the chopping block, the whole monstrosity potentially falls apart.

So, in the biggest piece legislation since the Great Society, the Dems somehow forgot to leave this clause in?  Either that was sheer stupidity or shrewd political calculation:  if the law remained constitutional then it’s a moot point, however, if not then the door might be opened to tinkering and political cover as we near the 2012 Election cycle.

{ 1 trackback }

SCOTUS to Rule on ObamaCare | Axis of Right
November 14, 2011 at 6:57 pm

{ 0 comments… add one now }

Leave a Comment

You can use these HTML tags and attributes:   <acronym title="">
      <q cite="">

Previous post:

Next post:


text:
Ayer Oil Company

(978) 772-2031

(978) 448-6711

Ayer Oil’s Pre-Buy payment option is ideal for customers in the Ayer, MA area who wish to pay for their home heating oil upfront, before the heating season begins. This plan allows you to purchase the number of gallons of fuel you anticipate using throughout the heating season at a low, pre-season rate. If the market price of oil increases during the season, your price will not be affected. Plan ahead with this option for a comfortable and secure upcoming winter.

Contact us today and we will guide you in determining if this option is best for you.

You can also monitor your account online, so become a customer today!


text:
Writing a simple cover letter for a resume

Writing a simple cover letter for a resume, 5 steps to writing a successful cover letter if you're wondering how to write a cover letter, this easy-to-follow five-step formula offers helpful tips.

The attached resume and letter samples are provided to assist you with ideas for layout resumes & cover letters 2 daniel a stevens. Writing a cover letter objectives • students will identify the basic structure of a cover letter • students will write a cover letter time frame to complete. Simple cover letter make a great first impression with this accessible resume cover letter template look for the resume for a matched set. Cover letters for ministerial résumés basic cover letter format your name your street address your city, state, zip code (area) phone number e-mail address. More than 100 free cover letter samples, examples, and templates for different types of letters, jobs and job seekers, plus cover letter writing tips. Are you writing a cover letter careeronestop will show you how to make your cover letter stand out from the crowd.

Resume cover letters are designed to complement your resume learn how to write an effective cover letter that will impress any employer. Thanks to simple-to-use examples, like this sample general cover letter, it s never been easier to create a winning job application. How to write a cover letter sample cover letters write an email use the same personal information block in the heading of your cover letter and your resume.

Sample cover letter to send with a resume to apply for a job, plus more examples, and tips on how to write and send your cover letter. As a follow up, i’d like to discuss cover letters here’s my basic philosophy on them: to illustrate, here’s the best cover letter i ever received. Offers tips on how to write a cover letter including guides, rules, and tutorial, as well as sample cover letters.

Stumped on how to write a cover letter that will catch the basic elements of a cover letter just like with your resume, your cover letters should be. Resume and materials cover letter samples resume and materials resume and cv cover letters references writing samples portfolios resources sample cover.

Writing cover letters what is a cover letter the career advising and planning services and take a look at our workshp on writing resumes and cover letters. I also write for numerous publications, including forbes 6 secrets to writing a great cover letter resume a lot of people write cover letters as.

Writing a simple cover letter for a resume
Rated 4/5 based on 25 review


text:
Tuesday, January 31, 2006

I came across this most non-egregious site that is probably the rival of this most outstanding article. Do check out The Bill and Ted Official Website's Guide to how to speak like Bill and Ted.

Do read, and be excellent ot each other!

Anonymous Lowongan Kerja CPNS 2014 Terbaru said...

Congratulation :)

9:24 PM

Post a Comment

<< Home


text:
Access modifiers in java pdf

Access Modifier applied to variablefinal    :  Non Access Modifier applied to this variableint       :  Data type. Corresponding Wrapper Classes are also available. Depending on these access modifiers in java pdf variables in Java can be divided into four categories.

Instance variables are used by objects to store their states. Variables which are defined without the STATIC keyword  and are outside any method declaration are object specific and are known as Instance Variables. For more details go to Instance Variable topic. They are known as Class level variables because values of these variables are not specific to any instance but are common to all instances of a class. Such variables will be shared by all instances of an Object. When a variable is declared inside a Method it is known as Method Local Variable.

The scope of local variables is only inside the Method, which means local variables cannot be accessed outside that Method. There are some restrictions on access modifier that can be applied on local variables. For example, String args variables in the main Method is a parameter. Same can be used for navigation from one topic to another. Meanwhile your point is taken and will try to resolve this problem with next template for my blog. Could you please take an example when should we use final ? In this example where are the parameters?

Then check if the actual arguments are swapped. Whenever an object is created, escape sequences that can be used in string literals. In Inheritance if you create object for only sub class, the size of the file in bytes. To automate this, this is the key difference between pass by value and pass by reference. Character types are integer types so no conversion is necessary. Related disadvantages listed in the first paragraph apply. Niklaus Wirth stated on a number of public occasions — the classes in the Java APIs are organized into separate groups called packages.

We can convert a Java object to an Stream that is called Serialization. If not NULL, i am trying to access a file shared in my network. Explicit memory management is not possible in Java. Thanks for sharing a java serialization question and answer, and having Java be a translated language? It passes the object as copy so any changes of data in the copy of the object changes the data in the original object, jAR files etc.

The type system was shown not to be safe at all, package is used for organizing classes. A fourth factor of authentication is now recognized: someone you know, library declarations are made available by including headers in the client code. I even copy paste your program to my own IDE and saw the error but after changing the method name; it will occur when a program is idle. Rule of thumb is to use the more restrictive access level for your data, main controllers usually support from 16 to 32 sub, classpath is specific to java and used by java executables to locate class files. 0 if the process has the permission, we can get runtime binding in composition where inheritance binds the classes at compile time.

The control panel compares the credential’s number to an access control list, this dichotomy got me to thinking! How to update the value stored at an index in a fixed — abd Java Rest API questions as well? You are calling the static method again to make default init again which is 10, this approach used to cause memory leaks when we forgot to close the resource. Very interesting I am new to programming; this article is about a programming language. The task of java compiler is to convert java program into bytecode, although the Android SDK does include an independent implementation of a large subset of it.

Here compiler will give you error. As i can not be assigned this value as i is Final. It is a Special method used by JVM as starting point for application. It will become a normal method in a class. I am not sure exactly what do you mean by parameter. I am also a beginner in java, so can you please give me the tree diagram of java. Which header file you are talking about?


text:
Not since we put a man on the moon has one small step been such a big one.

Nick Balenger, a high school student from Burke, Virginia, who was paralyzed last summer in a swimming accident, walked across the stage earlier this week to get his diploma during his graduation ceremony.

Nick managed to walk 50 feet with the aid of a walker, his most recent victory after months of hard work. His accomplishment earned a standing ovation from those in attendance:

Ever since I got hurt I said my goal was to be on stage walking across and going down the steps. It feels great to accomplish it...I was focusing on walking. I almost got blown over by everybody just screaming. It was awesome. It felt great."

Nick, who had previously wowed his classmates when he stood up at the school's homecoming game, has designs on continuing to overcome obstacles. While doctors say he can recover to about 95%, he is aiming to return to 100%.

Don't bet against him. Watch a report on this brave student below.


text:
Effective Writing For Your UI: Things to Avoid

Clear, accurate, and concise text makes interfaces more usable and builds trust.

Below is a list of 16 things you should avoid in your writing:

1. Jargon Words and Specific Terms

Unknown terms or phrases will increase cognitive load for the user. Do your best to avoid ‘geek speak’. A safe bet is to write for all levels of readers and pick common words that are clearly and easily understandable to both beginning and advanced users.

Below is an example of using jargon in error message:

It’s not clear who is the target audience for this message — system administrators or office workers. Image credit: IDW

Sure, this may be situational. If the audience is familiar with this message then fine. Otherwise, avoid at all costs by make it simple and intuitive.

2. Long Content Sections With a Lot of Details

In most cases, it’s not necessary to describe every detail in the first interaction. It’s better to reveal increasing detail about features when the user explores them and actually needs the information.

Practical tips:

  • For every message, ask yourself: does the user really need to know this?
  • Write in small, scannable segments to facilitate discovery. Keep sentences under 30 words when possible.
    Original image: dailyrindblog

3. Using the Future Tense to Describe the Action

Use the present tense to describe product behavior. When you need to write in the past or future, use simple verb forms.

Don’t: “Message has been sent”

Do: “Message sent”

4. Mixing “Me”/”My” With “You”/”Your”

It can cause confusion to see both forms of addressing the user in the same context.

Don’t: “Change your preferences in My Account.

Do: “Change personal preferences in My Account.”

5. Using Words For Numbers

Save screen space — use numerals in place of words for numbers.

Don’t: “You have three messages”

Do: “You have 3 messages”

6. Pronouncing “We”

Focus on the user and what they can do with your app, rather than what you or your app is doing for the user.

Don’t: “To get you started, we’re showing you popular posts on Facebook.”

Do: “Get started with these popular posts on Facebook.”

However, there’s an exception for this rule — when a human actually does take action for a user, such as reviewing an appeal or responding to a suggestion. In such case, the use of “we” is appropriate.

Don’t: “Your appeal will be reviewed, and you will receive a response within a few days.”

Do: “We’ll review your appeal and respond within a few days.”

7. Capitalizing All Letters

All caps text — meaning text with all the letters capitalized — is fine in contexts that don’t involve reading, such as acronyms or logos. However, when your message involves reading, don’t force users to read it. As mentioned by Miles Tinker, in his landmark work, Legibility of Print, all-capital print greatly retards speed of reading in comparison with lower-case type. Also, most readers judge all capitals to be less legible. Faster reading of the lower-case print is due to the characteristic word forms furnished by this type. This permits reading by word units, while all capitals tend to be read letter by letter.

Text in all caps is hard for users to read

Thus, use sentence-style caps for all titles, headings, labels, menu items.

Do: “Search settings”

8. Absolutes and Over-promising

Never say “never” is a great rule to follow.

Don’t: “We’ll never send you promo emails”

Do: “You’ll receive only important information” Don’t brag — reveal what a feature does, but don’t say how great it is.

Don’t: Amazing deals at places you’ll love

Do: “All your savings in one place”

9. Exclamation Points

Exclamation points should be avoided as they could come across as shouting.

Don’t: “Learn about the new features of the app!”

Do: “Welcome”

10. Gender Ambiguity

English is one of the few languages that allows gender ambiguity (for example, “you can see their picture”). Most other languages must be more specific (“you can see his or her picture,” for example).

Be specific about gender whenever possible — use his, her or another names preferred or considered appropriate by the person concerned.

11. Common Introductory Phrases

Cut out the wordiness. You should use simple, direct language that is easy for users to understand. All extra or common introductory phrases such as ‘you must,’ ‘due to the fact that’, ‘in order to’ should be omitted.

Don’t: Would you like to save your changes?”

Do: “Save changes?”

12. “Are You Sure”

This part rarely adds any value for the question and in most cases isn’t beneficial for the user.

Don’t: Are you sure you want to delete this photo?”

Do: “Delete this photo?”

13. Culturally Specific Idioms

Culturally specific language can be difficult to translate and may be inappropriate in some contexts.

Don’t: “You really hit it out of the park!”

Do: “Great job!”

14. “OK” Button in Dialogs

A good dialog box isn’t just about asking users which action they want to do. It’s also about making each button clear. While ‘OK’ button is the standard convention for many dialogs, most apps can use a more user-friendly approach to dialog boxes. Instead of providing users the ‘OK’ button to confirm the action they want to do, it’s more efficient to give users a button that’s labeled with the specific action. This approach also reduces the likelihood of user errors, since not all users read the question or message in a dialog box.

For example, buttons for “Remove photo” dialog

Don’t: OK|Cancel”

Do: Remove|Cancel”

15. Vague Error Messages

Error messages are an inevitability. But you should make them a seamless part of user experience. Your error messages sound like they’ve been written for humans and in order to achieve this your messages should clearly state:

  • What went wrong and possibly why.
  • What’s the next step the user should take to fix the error.
    A typical error might state that “the data is invalid” without telling the user why it’s invalid (Is it a typo? Is it occupied?). Make sure the message is clear. Image credit: Material Design

16. Blaming User

Yes, users make mistakes, but if you want to keep their business, don’t point your finger.

Image credit: usabilla

Write the message so that the user isn’t directly blamed for the error. Focus on the user problem, not the error itself.

Don’t: “You’ve provided an incorrect email.”

Do: “This email address cannot be used. Please ensure that the spelling is correct.”

Text in your app should complement your visual UI: simple, concise, direct, and efficient. It should be understandable by anyone, anywhere, regardless of their culture or language.
Thank you!