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Soyuz-5 Launch Vehicle

Soyuz-5 with Federatsia PTK – Credit: Roscosmos

Soyuz-5, also known as Feniks and Sunkar, is a planned Russian Orbital Launch System envisioned to become Russia’s future workhorse for crewed exploration flights and orbital logistics as a replacement for the Soyuz and Zenit rockets while also building the foundation for a future Super Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicle.

Advancing from preliminary design work into in-depth design and fabrication in 2018, Soyuz-5 appears to be the most serious attempt at getting a Soyuz replacement off the drawing board and to the launch pad.

Soyuz-5, although sharing the name with the undisputed workhorse of the Russian space program, will be very different and only share a very distant lineage with the vehicle that powered Russia’s space ambitions from the dawn of the Space Age. In design, Soyuz-5 can be considered a 21st century copy of the Russian-Ukrainian Zenit rocket relying on an all-Russian design and implementing some performance enhancements to create a vehicle with sufficient power for lifting Russia’s future crew vehicle, Federatsia.

A Zenit Rocket Blasts off from the Sea Launch Odyssey – Photo: Sea Launch

As a medium-class launch vehicle, Soyuz-5 is hoped to become a multi-tool of the Russian space program – covering the whole spectrum of launches from crewed missions with Federatsia, lifting lighter space station modules, launching civilian & military satellites and becoming a competitor on the commercial market with a per-launch-price rivaling that of the re-usable Falcon 9. All this is to be accomplished by banking on an adapted version of a proven design, use of high-performance engines and modern manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing.

Specifics on the Soyuz-5 as an All-Russian, 21st Century Zenit rocket first emerged in December 2015 after Russia’s evolving launch vehicle plans took a turn from developing a methane-fueled Soyuz replacement to a more-powerful Zenit-based vehicle retaining the tried and true Kerosene-Liquid Oxygen propellant combination. This decision was made after Russian leadership around President Putin urged Roscosmos to move in this particular direction after much of the 2010s were spent working out a firm path toward replacing the Soyuz/Soyuz launch vehicle and spacecraft combination.

PTK Federatsia – Image: RSC Energia
Early PTK Training Mockup – Photo: RSC Energia

What would eventually become Soyuz 5 had been on paper at Russian spacecraft and rocket builder RSC Energia since the 2010/11 time frame. The concept, then going by the name Sunkar, had been floated numerous times and when Roscosmos began shopping for new rockets, Energia was able to provide an advanced proposal for an all-Russian rocket.

The pace of work on the proposed Sunkar vehicle picked up in 2017 after a meeting between Russian space officials and Putin that coordinated the decision to move the upcoming PTK Federatsia crew spacecraft from a modified version of Russia’s Angara rocket to Sunkar, representing a firm commitment to the vehicle. As the vehicle gained political significance through its new role in Russia’s crewed space program, it was re-christened Soyuz-5.

This decision also firmed up a controversial proposal of making Baikonur the base of the crewed Soyuz-5, taking a step away from the Vostochny launch site in Russia’s Far East.

Under leadership by RSC Energia, serving as prime contractor for the program, Soyuz-5 was accelerated through the preliminary design stage in 2017 with design reviews in early 2018 involving Russian research institutes, industry and military certification institutes.

The preliminary design of the Soyuz-5 was submitted to Roscosmos by the end of March 2018 and presented to the public the following April.

Zenit Launch Vehicle – Photo: Roscosmos

All specifications presented on this page are based on the preliminary design document or other documentation obtained from the preliminary design stage and are therefore subject to change as Soyuz-5 proceeds into detailed design studies and initial fabrication.

The Soyuz-5 medium-class orbital launch vehicle is a two-stage carrier rocket with a Low Earth Orbit performance of 18 metric tons. The addition of an optional third stage will enable the rocket to carry out deliveries into virtually all orbital regimes with a performance to Geostationary Transfer Orbit in excess of five metric tons and direct-to-GEO capacity of 2.5 metric tons when launching from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Soyuz-5 Design

Type Soyuz-5
Prime Contractor RSC Energia
Height 61.87 m
Diameter 4.1 m
Launch Mass Approx. 530,000 kg
Stages 2 + Upper Stage (RB)
Boosters None
Mass to LEO 17,000 kg
Mass to GTO >5,000 kg
Mass to GEO >2,500 kg

The core objective of the Soyuz-5 launch vehicle is the creation of an all-Russian launcher based on proven hardware and design from the Zenit program while introducing modifications such as the use of modern-day manufacturing techniques and slight design changes intended to increase the new rocket’s performance over that of Zent. The result is a two-stage Liquid Oxygen/Kerosene rocket powered by a single RD-171MV engine on its first stage and a pair of multi-chamber RD-0124M engines on the second stage; plus the option of adding different upper stages for high-energy deliveries.

Soyuz-5 stands 61.87 meters tall (65.9 meters when flying with the PTK Federatsia) and measures 4.1 meters in diameter with a launch mass of 530 metric tons. Both stages of the rocket consume Rocket Propellant 1 (rocket-grade Kerosene) and Liquid Oxygen as propellants, employing a four-chamber RD-171MV engine on the first stage while the second stage is powered by two four-chamber RD-0124M engines. Common in Russian rocketry, the stages are connected by a lattice structure, enabling a hot-staging technique to be employed by the two main stages.

Image: Roscosmos

A major change from Zenit to Soyuz-5 is a widening in diameter from 3.9 to 4.1 meters to increase the volume of its tanks as the main contributor to the desired LEO performance increase from 13.7 to 17 metric tons. The 4.1-meter diameter is the widest possible for rail-transport of the launch vehicle from its production plant in Samara to the Baikonur Cosmodrome. However, looking at future prospects of launching Soyuz 5 from Vostochny, there would be a number of bottlenecks in getting the vehicle to the Far Eastern spaceport by rail.

Soyuz-5 – given its similarities with Zenit – can also be flown from the Sea Launch Platform without too extreme modifications to existing ground support hardware. Another element of the Soyuz-5 design is its first stage building the basis for a strap-on booster for a future Super Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicle set to fly at some point in the second half of the 2020s.

The differences between Soyuz-5 versions planned to be launched from the Baitarek Cosmodrome (Zenit complex at Baikonur), the Sea Launch Platform and eventually the Vostochny Cosmodrome would be limited to the Ground Support Equipment interfaces.

The Long Story of How Soyuz-5 Came About

Angara Launch Vehicle Family – Credit: Roscosmos

The story of Soyuz-5 essentially goes back to the early 1990s when, after the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia was looking to re-organize its space program with the ultimate goal of replacing its current line of rockets and crew spacecraft with modern-day technology. The primary concern, however, was the reliance on the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the now independent nation of Kazakhstan. The result was Angara – a family of modular rockets covering the entire spectrum of missions and capable of delivering sizeable satellites to all kinds of orbits from Russian territory.

Angara was officially approved as an all-Russian launcher in 1992, but spent the rest of the 90s on the drawing board going through numerous design iterations before rocket builder Khrunichev settled on a preliminary design in 1999. However, it would take more than a decade to actually move from a concept to the launch pad as a seemingly endless string of delays plagued the project due to technical challenges and limited funds. Two versions of Angara successfully flew in 2014 but putting the vehicle into serial production turned out to be another time-consuming endeavor with no operational vehicle in sight as of 2018.

Angara A5 Maiden Launch – Photo: Russian Ministry of Defence

It was likely these persistent delays that prompted Roscosmos to opt for a completely new rocket to orbit their upcoming Federatsia PTK spacecraft. This brand new rocket, called Rus-M, was presented in 2009 to be designed and manufactured by TsSKB Progress which brought plenty of experience to the table by virtue of decades of successful production of the Soyuz rocket family. The Rus-M concept called for a modular rocket design that can be sized for a LEO capability of 6.5 to 50 metric tons.

Rus-M was shelved in 2011 when it became clear that Russia would not have the money to support two heavy-class orbital launch vehicles. As a result, Federatsia was shifted from Rus-M to Angara-A5P – a human rated version of the Anagara-A5 which, with this new role, was also to get a launch pad at the Vostochny Cosmodrome.

Angara A5 with Federatsia – Image: Energia

However, Angara was not an ideal fit for Federatsia: The rocket’s performance did not quite match up with predictions, requiring its RD-191 engines to be up-rated and a new cryogenic upper stage would be necessary for sending Federatsia beyond Low Earth Orbit and even then, no less than four vehicles would be required to assemble all the hardware needed for a crewed mission to the lunar surface.

The high cost of Angara, the difficulty encountered with moving it into operational production and the schedule uncertainty surrounding the Vostochny launch complex contributed to another change in direction by Russia’s leadership. Following a May 22, 2017 meeting between space officials and policy leaders – including President Putin – it was announced that Federatsia would be launching on Soyuz-5, a Kerosene-fueled, modern-day version of the Zenit rocket.

TsSKB Soyuz-5 Proposal (now Soyuz-7) – Credit TsSKB Progress

This announcement caused some confusion as a vehicle going by the same name had been presented by TsSKB Progress back in 2013 as a methane-fueled rocket as an eventual replacement for the Soyuz fleet. Initially starting out as an internal study for a scalable, methane-fueled launch vehicle, the project received some funding under a Roscosmos research program named ‘Feniks’. The baseline version of the vehicle was a two-stage LOX/LNG rocket powered by a 3,300-Kilonewton RD-0164 on the first stage and a 740kN RD-0169 on the second stage for a total LEO capacity of 9 metric tons – suitable for launching Soyuz-class spacecraft into Low Earth Orbit. A more powerful version would strap three first stage cores together to lift up to 16t into orbit.

The project appeared to be advancing through its next stage of detailed technical specification analysis and was expected to be awarded a contract for actual development work in the 2017/18 time frame. However, by late 2015, reports began emerging in Russian press outlets that Roscosmos opted for a different vehicle to be developed under the ‘Feniks’ program, detailing a target LEO capacity of 17 metric tons. The timing of this decision coincides with two November 2015 meetings involving Russian space program leaders and Vladimir Putin.

Sunkar Proposal – Image: Energia

In early 2016, the contract for Feniks appeared up for competition among RSC Energia, TsSKB Progress and Khrunichev. Energia had studied designs for an all-Russian Zenit-equivalent since 2010/11 – replacing any foreign parts on Zenit with Russian hardware and modernizing components designed in the 1980s to create a cost-effective launch vehicle that would not rely on any outside materials. This new launch vehicle was announced as “Sunkar,” Kazakh for Falcon, and RSC Energia was given the role of prime contractor with TsSKB Progress and Khrunichev as subcontractors for launch vehicle integration and component manufacture, respectively.

Sunkar remained a ‘paper rocket’ through 2016 and outside observers had no real way of telling which of the proposals made for Feniks, Sunkar and other vehicles stood the best chance of actually seeing flight. This changed on the May 22, 2017 when, under Putin’s direction, Federatsia was switched from Anagara-A5V to Sunkar which in turn was re-christened Soyuz-5 while the former Soyuz-5 proposal of TsSKB Progress was changed to the name of Soyuz-7.

Some confusion remains on how the decision to opt for Energia’s vehicle was made. Leading up to the May 2017 meeting,  discussions were reported within the Russian space sector that Federatsia was likely to move away from Angara. However, Russia’s TsNIIMash research and development institute warned that such a move would likely delay the first Federatsia flight by several more years. Interestingly, TsNIIMash apparently had a major change of heart only days before the meeting when a statement was issued stating development of the new rocket could be completed in time for Federatsia’s current schedule due to the high-degree of commonality with the proven Zenit rocket.

Sea Launch Odyssey & Commander (now operated by S7 Group) – Photo: Sea Launch

After the decision became public knowledge, space officials said the new rocket could also fly from the Sea Launch Platform (now in the hands of S7 Group). The initial flights of the rocket are expected from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, utilizing the existing Zenit infrastructure at Site 45/1. Plans as of 2017 called for Soyuz-5 to reach the launch pad in 2022 and carry out its first crewed mission in 2024.

One element in keeping to this expedited development schedule appears to be foregoing some of the bureaucratic elements typically involved in projects such as this. To that end, RSC Energia appears to have been officially selected as the program’s prime contractor in August 2017 without going through a competitive contracting process. Energia was only given half a year to complete the preliminary design stage for Soyuz 5 by March 31, 2018 – in part enabled by design work that started back in 2010.

Proposed Soyuz-5 Evolution Roadmap – Credit: Roscosmos

Roscosmos presented the approved preliminary design for Soyuz-5 to the public on April 11, 2018 – adding credence to Soyuz-5 being Russia’s most serious attempt to create a vehicle actually capable of lifting off the drawing board.

However, less than a week later came the next major flip when Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dimitry Rogozin stated that there will be a study of fitting Soyuz-5 with a Methane-fueled engine. According to Rogozin, development of a medium-lift solution such as Soyuz-5 should be placed on the backburner in favor of a more forward-looking design that could become a replacement for Angara.

The study of switching Soyuz-5 back to methane was to be completed within three month’s time. (Presented on this page is the preliminary design for Soyuz-5; a switch back to methane-fueled engines can be considered a separate LV design.)

All Russian Hardware

Photo: Yuthnoye

Reliance on foreign nations has been a problem for Russia as seen by the downfall of the Zenit project due to the conflict with the Ukraine and the continued dependence on the Baikonur Cosmodrome is not expected to end any time soon. Additionally, sanctions imposed on Russia from the West made procurement of a number of components difficult for their current line of rockets. Understandably, there was great desire in creating an all-Russian rocket that can be manufactured with zero foreign components.

Russia stated repeatedly that around 75 to 85% of Zenit’s components were built in Russia, but as outlined above, Soyuz-5 is far from a twin to Zenit – requiring new tooling for the larger stage diameter and modified ground support equipment interfaces. Also, a number of Ukrainian parts, like the second stage’s RD-120 engine and flight control components, have to be replaced by Russian hardware.

On the other hand, production of many Zenit parts had ended as the vehicle ended regular operations including the production line for the RD-171M engine at manufacturer NPO Energomash. The only component of Soyuz-5 that was already available in serial production was the RD-0124 engine of the second stage and even that will require modifications for Soyuz-5.

First Stage

Zenit-3 First Stage – Photo: Roscosmos

Type Soyuz-5 First Stage (Zenit Heritage)
Length 37.14 m*
Diameter 4.1 m
Inert Mass 30,500 kg*
Launch Mass/Fueled 430,500 kg*
Fuel Rocket Propellant 1
Oxidizer Liquid Oxygen
Fuel Mass 110,000 kg*
Oxidizer Mass 290,000 kg*
Material Aluminum, Stiffeners
Guidance From 2nd Stage
Propulsion 1 x RD-171MV
Engine Type Staged Combustion
Propellant Feed Turbopump
Comb. Chambers 4
Total Thrust SL 7,257 kN**
Total Thrust Vac 7,904 kN**
Engine Length 4.15m**
Engine Diameter 3.57 m**
Engine Dry Weight <9,300kg
Nozzle Ratio 36.87**
Thrust-to-Weight >82
Burn Time 180 sec*
Specific Impulse 309 sec (SL) 337 sec (Vac)**
Chamber Pressure 245 bar**
Throttle Capability 56%-100%**
Engine Start Hypergolic
Restart Capability No
Ox to Fuel Ratio 2.63
Attitude Control Gimbaled Engine (Pitch, Yaw, Roll)
Max Gimbal 6.3 deg
* Original Sunkar Concept (Soyuz-5 likely higher)
** Operational Characteristics of RD-171M

The first stage of the Soyuz-5 rocket can be considered a widened and stretched version of that flown on the Zenit rocket, retaining the overall architecture of its ground interfaces and RD-170-derived main engine. Increasing the stage’s diameter from 3.9 to 4.1 meters and stretching it by close to four and a half meters yields an increase in propellant mass on the order of 20% at only a marginal increase of the stage’s dry mass due to the use of modern manufacturing techniques optimized for mass reduction.

The first stage employs the conventional design of locating the Liquid Oxygen oxidizer tank above the Kerosene fuel tank and routing the LOX feedline through the center of the RP-1 tank. One critical element of the first stage design is a narrower diameter of the engine section at 3.68 meters, structurally identical to the Zenit rocket to provide the necessary compatibility with the existing ground support systems with respect to the structural attachment to the launch mount as well as commodity lines to the rocket.

Per the original Sunkar/Soyuz-5 proposal, the first stage was to stand 37.14 meters tall with a dry mass of 30,500 Kilograms and a propellant capacity of 400 metric tons. These numbers have liked trended up slightly as the vehicle evolved into its preliminary design, though no specifics have been published.

The Soyuz-5 first stage is powered by a single NPO Energomash RD-171MV engine, a modified version of the RD-171M used on the Russian-Ukrainian Zenit rocket which in turn was an upgraded variant of the RD-170 engine developed between 1976 and 1987 for the Soviet Energia rocket that only flew twice in 1987 and 1988. To this day, the RD-170 line remains the most powerful rocket engine ever built in terms of total thrust generated (but not for thrust to weight ratio for which SpaceX’s Merlin 1D++ holds the leading position).

RD-170 followed a design the Soviets pursued since the earliest days of space flight, feeding multiple combustion chambers from a common set of turbopump equipment. In the beginning, this was not by choice but by necessity as high-thrust, single-chamber engines suffered from excessive thrust instability problems. (The U.S. F1 engine, to this day the most-powerful single-chamber, liquid-fueled engine also had its fair share of thrust instability problems that were eventually overcome by a baffled injector design).

Two versions of the engine reached the launch pad in the 1980s: the RD-170 flew on the two Energia flights while the RD-171 began powering the Zenit rocket in 1985. While sharing the same performance characteristics, the engines employed different structural systems to fit their respective launchers and differed in their thrust vector control systems. The RD-170 employed single-axis gimbaling of its four nozzles due to its role as a strap-on booster while the RD-171 employed two-plane gimbaling to allow a single engine unit to provide three-axis control.

Photo: NPO Energomash

A performance-enhancement of the RD-171 was studied in the 1990s and realized in 2003/04, up-rating the engine to operate at 105% of the original engine’s performance and reducing its dry weight by eliminating unnecessary structural elements to further improve the engine’s thrust-to-weight ratio. This engine, called RD-171M by its manufacturer (sometimes also known as RD-173) debuted on the Zenit rocket in 2006.

Descendants of the RD-170/171 engine have made it one of the most wide-spread power units in the rocket industry. The dual-chamber derivative, RD-180, has been used very successfully since 2002 on the Atlas III and Atlas V rockets with an almost spotless service record (only one in-flight anomaly that remained without consequence). Single-chamber versions of the engine build the foundation of the Angara rocket series (RD-191), are exported to the U.S. to power the upgraded Antares 200 series (RD-181), and will eventually replace the NK-33 engine of the Soyuz 2-1v once its inventory runs out (RD-193, a re-packaged version of the 191). Another derivative, the RD-151 with reduced thrust, was flown on the South Korean Naro-1 rocket.

The RD-171MV engine development program has the overall goal of re-creating the performance characteristics of the RD-171M using only Russian components and introducing modern-day manufacturing techniques to make the engine lighter and so enhance its overall performance. RD-171M relied on a Ukrainian hydraulic pump assembly (BIM) for its gimbaling system while the engine controller included components imported from the West and no-longer available under Russian sanctions.

NPO Energomash said the RD-171MV will be their first engine to be solely designed through 3D software which is expected to streamline the design process and ease its transition into production as the 3D models can be used for multi-axis machining and 3D printing of engine components. The use of these modern production techniques will reduce production cost and provide a performance enhancement by reducing engine dry mass which will make RD-171MV more efficient than its predecessor.

NPO Energomash also said it was studying four-chamber RP-1/LOX engine designs capable of delivering close to 1,000 tf of thrust.

Second Stage

RD-0124 Engine – Photo: KBKhA

Type Soyuz-5 Second Stage
Length 7.8 m*
Diameter 4.1 m
Inert Mass 6,500 kg*
Launch Mass/Fueled 71,500 kg*
Fuel Rocket Propellant 1
Oxidizer Liquid Oxygen
Fuel Mass 19,500 kg*
Oxidizer Mass 45,500 kg*
Tank Material Aluminum
Guidance Inertial
Propulsion 2 x RD-0124M
Engine Type Staged Combustion, Closed Cycle
Propellant Feed Turbopump
Comb. Chambers 2 x 4 (Circular Arrangement)
RD-0124A Thrust Vac 294.3 kN
Total Thrust 588.6 kN**
Specific Impulse 359 sec**
Engine Length 1.575 m**
Engine Dry Weight >548 kg
Nozzle Ratio 36.87**
Burn Time 390 sec*
Chamber Pressure 245 bar**
Throttle Capability 56%-100%**
Engine Start Pyrophoric Injection
Restart Capability No
Ox to Fuel Ratio 2.34**
Turbine Temp. 973 K**
RD-0214 Ox Flowrate 56.7 kg/sec**
RD-0214 Fuel Flowrate 23.9 kg/sec**
Turbine Inlet 319 bar**
Turbine Outlet 185 bar**
Attitude Control Chamber Gimbaling +/-3.5°**
* Original Sunkar Concept (Soyuz-5 likely higher)
** Operational Characteristics of RD-0124A

The second stage of the Soyuz-5 rocket shares the first stage’s 4.1-meter diameter and is around eight meters in length, powered by a pair of RD-0124M engines with a total of eight nozzles. As part of the Sunkar design study, evaluations were made whether it was possible to fit an existing second stage like that of the Soyuz 2 or Angara on the vehicle, though the desired performance was not achievable with existing hardware.

Creating a Zenit-derived second stage with only Russian hardware was somewhat more complex since the RD-120 main engine and RD-8 steering vernier were both designed and produced in the Ukraine. A comparable LOX/RP-1 engine for use on a vacuum-optimized stage did not exist in Russia and required the RD-0124A engine of Angara (which itself is derived from the RD-0124 of Soyuz-2) to be modified to allow two four-chamber engines to be arranged to fit under a 4.1-meter diameter rocket stage.

The original Sunkar/Soyuz-5 concept called for the second stage to be 7.8 meters long with a dry mass of 6.5 metric tons and a propellant capacity of 65 metric tons (changes through the preliminary design of Soyuz-5 likely resulted in a further enlargement of the second stage). Compared to Zenit, the second stage is two metric tons lighter (inert mass) and two and a half meters shorter, in part due to a shorter engine section given the use of eight smaller chambers/nozzles compared to the tall vacuum-expanded RD-120 nozzle.

RD-0124 was developed by the KBKhA Design Bureau (since 2015 part of Energomash) as a higher-performance version of the RD-0110 engine that has been powering the Block I stage of the Soyuz and Molniya rockets since its inauguration in 1965. The switch to closed-cycle engine technology and four gimbaling main chambers (eliminating four steering verniers) provided an increase in combustion efficiency, increasing the specific impulse by 10%. The RD-0124A version developed for Angara did not change the performance characteristics of the engine but reduced its dry weight by 24 Kilograms and certified it for a longer burn time of 424 seconds (vs. 300 sec on Soyuz).

The RD-0124M version takes the RD-0124A and re-packages its structure to allow the eight chambers/nozzles to take a circular arrangement to provide an optimized transfer of thrust force into the load-carrying structure of the vehicle, eliminating some of the elements needed to support the 2×2 arrangement. RD-0124M retains the performance characteristics of the RD-0124A version.

Some confusion with the exact naming convention arose as an earlier KBKhA proposal floating around in the late 1990s for a single version of the RD-0124 gave it the name RD-0124M. Additionally, information provided in 2017 by TsSKB Progress identified the engine for Soyuz-5 as RD-0124MS. However, in the presentation of the preliminary design from late 2017 forward, the engine was only called RD-0124M.

Third Stage

Block-DM-SL – Image: Sea Launch

To reach a variety of orbital destinations, Soyuz-5 can be fitted with different upper stages, much like the other Russian rockets like Soyuz and its Ikar & Fregat upper stages, Proton and its Briz-M & Block DM-03 or Zenit and its Fregat-SB & Block DM-SL. These stages provide multi-burn mission capability over an extended duration to allow for injection capacity directly into Medium Earth Orbit, Geostationary Transfer & direct-to-GEO, and interplanetary injections.

Given RSC Energia’s role in the Soyuz-5 project, the baseline upper stage (called by its Russian acronym RB) will be the company’s Block-DM-SLB. According to the preliminary design of Soyuz-5, the goal was to use the upper stage with a minimum of modifications to keep costs down. A second option for upper stage is NPO Lavochkin’s Fregat-SB (inherited from Zenit) or a Fregat version with additional propellant capacity.

The baseline Sunkar proposal, when employing Block-DM-SLB, had a target performance of 5.0 metric tons into a standard Geostationary Transfer Orbit and 2.5 metric tons for a direct-to-GEO insertion.

Payload Fairing

The baseline payload fairing for Soyuz-5 will be provided by Khrunichev in cooperation with NPO Lavochkin. According to the preliminary design requirements documentation that was made public, Soyuz-5 was to use the payload fairing design of the Angara A5 rocket for which three different fairing designs exist depending on the type of upper stage that is being flown, varying from 4.35 to 5.1 meters in diameter and 7.75 to 15.9 meters in length. An additional requirement outlined for Soyuz-5 was to keep compatibility with the former Sea Launch Payload Fairing built by Boeing.


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Making the case for Ontario Place: Part 2

The second video in our three-part series outlining new visions for Ontario Place was created by Marisa Maggs of the John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design.

Created for the Fall 2012 Urban Design Studio “Design of the Public Sphere — The Case for Ontario Place,” Magg’s proposal envisions using landfill to build out the shoreline between Ontario Place and Bathurst Quay, thereby doubling the land area of the site. This new land would make it possible to extend Queen’s Quay and connect it to Dufferin Street, which would improve access to Ontario Place by linking all modes of transportation, most importantly the streetcar line. Maggs has estimated that by selling and leasing the new land that is created, enough revenue could be generated to finance the landfill and subsidize public park space. The addition of low-rise housing within a mixed-use development would help bridge the gap between Ontario Place and the waterfront neighbourhoods to the east.

The area south of Lakeshore Boulevard would be connected to Exhibition Place through a land bridge. Open park space flanked by commercial and retail uses would connect to existing programs at Exhibition Place. The existing Ontario Place pods would be surrounded by natural park landscape that connects to the existing parks along the waterfront. Fifty percent of the area would be devoted to public park space with year round programming and activities.

Click here to view The Case for Ontario Place: Part 1 by Christina Pascoa.

  1. Would the Federal Government have a problem with the landfill proposal, given that the island Airport (under the Toronto Port Authority which is a Federal agency) is on one side of the Western Gap and the HMCS York naval reserve is on the other?

  2. This proposal to reintegrate Ontario Place & Exhibition Place into the city is an interesting one. My one change would be to re-imagine lakeshore Blvd. as an urban street, particularly if QQ is extended.
    Currently Lakeshore Blvd. in Exhibition Place is a hostile fenced off mini-highway where pedestrians are expected to cross the street by mounting pedestrian bridges. Ex Place has been allowed to barricade off a city boulevard all year for a 3-day car race only because no one has been willing to challenge its appointed board.

    The city has plans (opposed by the board) to return Lakeshore Blvd. to an urban street as there is little logic in having a second highway barrier along the lake just one block south of the Gardiner.
    By following Exhibition Place’s lead in building bridges (land bridges) to cross Lakeshore Blvd. one is selecting an option that is over-engeneered and costly to maintain. Most importantly this high speed section would attract more traffic and cement Lakeshore Boulevard’s position as a high speed arterial barrier for neighbourhoods up and down the waterfront.

  3. I wonder how much it would cost to divert the Gardiner Expressway into a tunnel running from Jameson/Lakeshore, under the Ex-grounds and Lakeshore…to replace the elevated section over to Jarvis. By this time (ideally) the elevated section east of Jarvis would have been shifted on to the Railway Berm.

    The land under the elevated section from Bay to Dufferin can then be used for the Waterfront West LRT line…or at least a streetcar along Bremner, Fort York, Fleet and the Ex grounds over to Dufferin…and that portion of Lakeshore Boulevard can become “Lakeshore Road” in the “Fort York District” (or something like that).

    From Bay to Jarvis the area under the elevated section can become a linear park

Comments are closed.

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 Import a Rhapsody Model | Enterprise Architect User Guide

Please note : This help page is not for the latest version of Enterprise Architect. The latest help can be found here.

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Import a Rhapsody Model

If you have developed a UML model in IBM Rational Rhapsody, you can import it into an Enterprise Architect project.

Each Rhapsody project contains one Project file (with the file extension .rpy), which is associated with a folder with the same name, ending in _rpy. For example, if the Rhapsody project file is called CDPlayer.rpy, it is associated with a folder called CDPlayer_rpy.

The associated folder contains all the project-related files. It could also contain a file named filesTable.dat, which lists all the files related to the Rhapsody project.

Select your target Package in the Project Browser, then use one of the methods outlined here to open the 'Import Model from XMI' dialog.

On the 'Import Model from XMI' dialog, click on the Other XML Formats button, then choose the option 'Rhapsody'.

Publish > Model Exchange > Import XMI > Import Model XMI : Other XML File Formats > Rhapsody

Context Menu

Right-click on Package > Import/Export > Import Package From XMI : Other XML File Formats > Rhapsody

Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl+Alt+I : Other XML File Formats > Rhapsody

Import UML Model from Rhapsody Project Files

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Indicators on Tarot Wisdom You Should Know

The #DeathCard in Tarot is about sweeping absent the previous and making way for the new. It is focused on adjust and personal #transformation. In an effort to change we need to release the previous – outdated routines, believed styles, #beliefs, #behaviours, predicaments and other people who no more provide you, your preferences as well as your wants.

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Day five to Xmas / #Yule: Five of Pentacles #Tarot card- We may perhaps feel that our finances have a strike around the #Christmas crack, but extra importantly, it is a time to achieve out to All those less privileged, who will't pay for the luxuries, presents or feast that most of us are lucky enough to take pleasure in. There is greater Pleasure in #charity and supplying, Particularly to those that really want our assistance.

In seeking above these meanings, I was in a position to pick out another reserve for my tarot bookcase, Mystical Origins in the Tarot by Paul Huson, which is liberally cited in Pollack’s do the job.

Improved by the writer's particular stories and insights acquired in the last a few many years, this ebook on tarot invites you on a fascinating and fun adventure.

This 7 days's #Oracle Card is "Concerning the earth's". November is actually a time for #transitions, not but from an outdated problem, but get more info wanting towards A different. Chances are you'll really feel you are at this time in No-Male's-Land. Lifestyle may seem to be a big gamble sometimes, but gain or lose, There exists a need to test new points and look for new #worries.

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Proceedings Paper

Absolute distance measurement with a sampling type of double sinusoidal phase-modulating laser diode interferometer
Author(s): Takamasa Suzuki; Tatsuhiko Sekimoto; Osami Sasaki
Format Member Price Non-Member Price
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Paper Abstract

We propose a new range finding technique that uses two-wavelength interferometry. The system we propose uses a single laser diode to realize a two-wavelength interferometer, which expands measurement range. The single light-source allows us to simplify the optical setup. Our device generates two independent interference signals with respect to the wavelengths generated by offset current. The external disturbances on these interference signals are eliminated by the feedback control. Although the feedback control eliminates disturbance as well as the information about the distance, we are able to detect the distance from the phase difference between those compensated interference signals.

Paper Details

Date Published: 20 September 2002
PDF: 8 pages
Proc. SPIE 4919, Advanced Materials and Devices for Sensing and Imaging, (20 September 2002); doi: 10.1117/12.465657
Show Author Affiliations
Takamasa Suzuki, Niigata Univ. (Japan)
Tatsuhiko Sekimoto, Niigata Univ. (Japan)
Osami Sasaki, Niigata Univ. (Japan)

Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4919:
Advanced Materials and Devices for Sensing and Imaging
Jianquan Yao; Yukihiro Ishii, Editor(s)

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Monday 09 January 2012
Words Spindle

Little darling, here comes the war. And boy, did the fashion world feel it. As men were sent off to war, women were left behind manufacturing war materials to help their beloved other halves. Not sure how ‘beloved’ they would have remained when the women realised that all forms of extravagance were ripped from their precious clothing to provide for the men at war.

Oh yes, fashion was as conservative as David Cameron. Strict material rationing gave rise to dresses without collars, buttons, or even cuffs. Women adopted practical, mannish clothing and suits as they enrolled in hands-on work. The androgynous trend has shaped 21st century, just look to Preen’s S/S 2012 pastel trouser suit. The period of 1940-1945 was defined by dull colours, shoulder pads, shorter, straighter skirts, belted waists and uniforms. The ‘uniform-inspired’ trend has resurfaced frequently during the 20th century; 70’s punks sported swastikas reminiscent of the Nazi era and the Burberry 2010 collection featured military coats and aviator bomber jackets.

Many fashion houses (particularly Parisian) were forced to close for the war period, including Chanel. Vogue noted in 1942 that ‘buying was edged out by recycling’. Hats and clothes were remodelled, handbags were revamped and stockings were restored. The new mantra was ‘it looks wrong to look wealthy’ –imitated today in the ‘oh I just threw this together’ intentionally scruffy street style. Our present-day economic and environmental crises nod back to this wartime austerity. Not only has garment recycling been encouraged (and named ‘vintage’), but environmentally friendly clothing has been launched, such as biodegradable shoes!

Possibly the most iconic piece from the 40’s was stockings. The rarity of stockings made them the most sought after item of the ‘40s, giving rise to manic ‘nylon riots’ upon delivery.  Stockings were so unattainable that women stained their legs with gravy browning, and then drew a line up the back of their legs with eye pencil to create the illusion of seamed stockings!

By 1947, fashion began to get its full-on mojo back. Christian Dior launched his ‘new look’, which, despite being heavily frowned upon for excessive fabric use (McQueen anyone?), went down a storm. People were sick of rations and fell for the tiny waits and full skirts swelling beneath bodices. This marked the entry of fashion into an experimental phase of back-dipping skirts, uneven hemlines and buttons, buttons, buttons!

The war-torn decade of the 1940’s gave rise to some of the most influential military-themed and minimalist clothing of the past 50 years, continuing to inspire to this day. However, please be vigilant when selecting the trends from which you draw inspiration; going out with gravy-smothered legs just might not have quite the same effect it used to!


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Welcome to Spiral Heart Reiki!
Cottonwood. AZ

Spiral Heart Reiki Mission:
The focus of Spiral Heart Reiki is to heal, educate, and empower those to find a more purposeful and abundant life. The mission is to provide guidance, and help others utilize, and understand the alternative healing method of Reiki.
Our desire is to help those who want to take an active role in their healing process.

~The Ethical Principles of Reiki~

“Just for today, do not worry.
Just for today, do not anger.
Honor your parents, teachers, and elders.
Earn your living honestly.
Show gratitude to every living thing.”

Dr. Mikao Usui

 If you have any questions, would like to request an appointment, or need more information, call 928-451-4219, or e-mail Julie at feathercloud@spiralheartreiki.com


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Salary Survey

Salary Survey: Compensation Stays On Trend

Annual Sponsorship Industry Salary Survey

The year about to close saw no dramatic swings in the amount sponsorship professionals are paid on average.

Although the percentage who received a raise in 2017 and the average amount of those increases were both up over the year earlier, they were generally on par with the previous six-year span, according to responses to ESP Sponsorship Report’s 22nd annual salary survey.

While 63 percent of those working in sponsorship received pay increases this year—essentially the same as 2016’s 62 percent—the average raise was 5.9 percent, up from 5.7 percent last year.

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Registration for the 2018 season

Formal registration for the 2018 regular season will take place on 26 February and 12 March at the Oakbank Arena from 7pm to 9pm.  Coaches will be on hand to answer any questions and discuss the sport with you and/or your daughter.  New players are always welcome!

Further information is available on our 2018 Registration and Schedule page, where registration materials are available for download.

In the meantime, don’t forget about our weekly clinics!  Details available on our Clinics page.


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Bake Off Final

December 11th, 2017 | by Spring Grove

  Athena did a fantastic job at Kingsley Academy representing Spring Grove in the C8 Bake Off Final! Her show stopping [&hellip

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  • Welcome

    We offer you a warm welcome and thank you for showing an interest in Spring Grove Primary School.

    Spring Grove is a happy school with a positive and inclusive ethos, within which we aim to make everyone feel safe, secure and valued. We are proud of our diverse cultural community and encourage all children to achieve their personal best, academically and socially. We believe that children flourish when home and school work together. We encourage parents to become involved in their children’s education and the life of the school. We aim to work with parents and carers to develop caring attitudes, thoughtfulness, mutual respect, self discipline, self confidence and good manners alongside academic progress. We treat all of our pupils as unique individuals who will become independent learners and view their education as a positive experience.

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Saturday, 18 April 2009

Damson Day and Almond Ice Cream

P4180018 Today was Damson Day in the Lyth valley. We found out about the day earlier in the week and thought it would be fun to go along. Admittedly, I was a little unsure as to why Damson Day was being held in April, surely it should be when the fruit is harvested in late summer? My neighbour then pointed out that it was to celebrate the blossom on the trees.

In years gone by, people used to gather in the Lyth Valley each spring to see the blanket of white blossom in valley from the damson orchards. In recent years, Damson Day has been held by the Westmorland Damson Association to help promote the resurrection of the damson orchards and raise awareness of the small deep purple fruit, which resembles a small dark plum. Damsons are commonly used to make all sorts of jams, cheeses, jellies, gins, syrups and wines. They are also used in meat dishes, especially alongside game, duck and pork. But one of the best things about them is that the trees are extremely hardy and survive the strong cumbrian winds without a problem!

P4180015 We set out this morning to the farm which hosts Damson Day, expecting a small affair, only to find it was packed with people! A small farm, with it’s buildings and associated fields, was filled with stalls selling all sorts of damson produce, other locally produced goods, various crafts stalls and demonstrations including spinning, rope making, basket making and you could even make your own besom broom (like a witch’s broomstick!).

P4180003 The only food and drink stalls were: a local brewery, a soup and sandwich stall organised by the local school and beef stew stall. All of which looked wonderful! We opted for sandwich and cake, with the sandwich filling being local cheese and damson chutney, it was delicious. It was also refreshing to only have good quality, wholesome food available.

P4180011 After finding a quiet spot on which to sit down and munch our sandwiches, I found a solitary seat in the marquee for the cookery demonstration. This was a total surprise. The demonstration was about black pudding and scrambled eggs! Black pudding is something I’ve always avoided because I don’t like the idea P4180009of it, but, after being told about the ingredients (onion, herbs, spices, barley, salt, etc), the history of it and the nutritional qualities I plucked-up the courage to try some. It’s not something I’ll be eating all the time, but it was not as bad as I thought it would be!

P4180022Desperate to escape the crowds, we set-off down the narrow lanes to explore the surrounding area and the damson orchards. The blossom really is blissfully beautiful, especially against the spindly damson trees.

(I also found some wild garlic ready for Garlic Day tomorrow!)

P4180012Although there were no damsons for sale (wrong time of year - I’ll have to wait until later in the summer for those) I did buy some damson syrup. As soon as we got home I set about making almond ice cream for after supper. We had this drizzled with a little bit of the syrup. A perfect end to a really special day.

Almond Ice cream

1 pint of double cream

250ml semi-skimmed milk

1 tsp of vanilla extract

6 egg yolks

40 gr caster sugar

2 tsp of almond extract

  1. P4180049 Put the cream, milk and vanilla in a heavy based saucepan and warm gently.
  2. Meanwhile, mix the egg yolks and the sugar together. When the cream is hot, but just below the boil, add this to the eggs, whisking continuously. Then, using a spatula return all of the mixture to the pan and continue to heat.
  3. Stir the mixture until it begins to thicken. However, you only want it to just coat the back of a spoon.
  4. Once it has reached this point, tip the mixture into a clean bowl and place this bowl in a sink of cold water which reaches about half-way up the bowl.
  5. P4180050 Leave the bowl in the sink for about 30 mins, then transfer it to the fridge to finish cooling completely (about another hour).
  6. Add the almond extract and stir well. Tip the mixture into the ice cream maker.

  1. You should have tried the damson beer. Its so lovely - have very fond memories of it. Must be time for me to visit the area again soon -its been too long.

  2. What a beautiful spring day based on your pictures. It sounds like a wonderful informative time. I'm with you on black pudding, but I have to say that the strong garlicky taste makes it definitely acceptable.

    The almond ice cream sounds most refreshing and I look forward to trying it. I am guessing that semi-skimmed is the equivalent to our 2% - do you know about how much milk fat it contains?

  3. Goodshoeday - Damson beer sounds good. My partner thought he saw some, but when we went back to look we couldn't find it. I thought he'd imagined it! Perhaps not!

    oysterculture - 2% is correct! You can also make it with whole milk, not sure of the percentage, but definitely higher! The bitter-sweetness of the almonds goes really well the tangy damsons, a bit like a cherry-almond combination!

  4. They used to make damson beer at the Masons Arms at Cartmel Fell - not anymore but the same people still appear to produce it along with other stuff - see and check under other products.
    Can't believe you've never had black pudding til now - its wonderful :)

  5. Almond ice cream sounds heavenly! I'm not sure I've ever had damsons, sounds interesting.

  6. Sounds like a wonderful day. We went went to our fave wild garlic place today to find it all cornered off. We couldn' get anywhere near it.

    Your almond icecream sounds delicious.

  7. goodshoeday - I'll have to have a look at that website! Thanks for the tip.

    5 star foodie - if you ever come across damsons, you must try them (cooked!)!

    Jules - Oh no! I'll keep my fingers crossed that you find another spot.

  8. What fun. And now I am really curious about damsons!

  9. It sounds like you had such a delightful day, and your ice cream recipe sounds lovely!

I'd love to know any comments you might have.


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Tuesday, 14 June 2011

Goodie or Baddie?

Good Morning!!
Well as the title of this post suggests "goodie or baddie?"
I am unsure whether or not this card really works but it's growing on me - just!!
Not a lot to say about it really other than it's a forever friends stamp and I have used my new MFT film strip die, isn't it fab!!
These dies are my new addiction at the moment and i still have lots I haven't used yet but seem to keep buying more!!
Sound familiar??
Well i have been up bright and early doing lots of washing (exciting eh!) as it looks like it gonna be a shiny sunny day, fingers crossed anyway!!
I am entering my card into the following challenges
secret crafter - male card
cupcake craft - boy oh boy oh boy
fussy and fancy - man cards
creative inspirations - one for dad
Well, I need more inspiration for male cards so will be blog hopping tonight!
see you soon

Friday, 10 June 2011

Fathers Day Card!

Good Afternoon!!
A man card for you today I thought I had best start on the many Fathers Day cards I have to make so this is Number 1 using a very old sugar nellie image, in fact one of the few man/boy images I own so it does get aired a lot.
I have used the fab sketch over at Sketch Saturday and you can win a fab MFT voucher!! Woo hoo! they do the most fantastic dies so my fingers are crossed!!
A quick post from me today as need to do some food shopping its rather like "old mother hubbard's kitchen" and with 3 young lads that eat non stop I had best get stocked up!!
i will also enter the following challenges
papertake weekly - anything goes
craft room challenge - anything goes
Last but not least the "fish Curry" was a hit and I will be requesting it again!!
Yummy yum yum!!

Wednesday, 8 June 2011

Double pocket card!

Hullo, Hullo,
A new style card for me a "Double pocket card" with two little tags.
This was a first attempt and not as complicated as first thought so will definitely be making more - me likes these!!!
I have used the adorable Flowers for Mimi , Penny Black stamp , those little birdies are so tweet!! this has to be one of my favourites!
As the challenge this week was Doodling over at Penny Black Saturday you can see I have done lots of faux stitching and a few dots here and there!!
Here is a close up of the two little Doo hickey tags using Elzybells sentiments, I have used white organza and pink twine through the holes.
Absolutely smothered the edges of the card with stickles so it's lovely and sparkly!!
There is also a challenge over at Penny Black Blog which is using Fun Folds and there is a fab tutorial so will be trying that next for sure.
I will also be entering my card into Penny Black at Allsorts - favourites.
Craft room challenge -anything goes
Right must go there is a "fish curry" cooking in the kitchen - not me cooking I'm busy blogging, to be honest fish curry sounds wrong to me but will let you know how it goes !!!
Toodle pop!

Friday, 3 June 2011

Baby Card!!

Good Morning!!!
looks like it is going to be glorious the sun has most definitely got his hat on today!!!
I should know I have been awake since 4am!!
Yes stupid o'clock tossing and turning wheezing and sneezing and beating the life out of the other half snoring!!! GRRRRRRRRRRRR!!
In the end i gave in and got up at 5am and did some washing so it's out on the line already swaying soaking up the sun.
My card for today is sadly not for a new baby just been born, i just picked a stamp out the drawer without looking what it was and that was my challenge to then make a card, but I now have a baby card if anyone needs one!
I so love this stamp it is so cute and yes obviously an elzybell as you can probably tell!
I have paper pieced the entire stamp, i had originally coloured in the baby but the colour just didn't stand out enough on the Kraft so obviously need to invest in a better quality flesh coloured pencil.
I will be entering my card into the following challenges
our creative corner - beautiful baby
cute card thursday - embellish it
Thanks for popping by and for any comments you may leave they are most appreciated , I can then pop by and say 'hi to you!'


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Items for Donoghue, Jane

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Number of items: 6.

Donoghue, Jane (2012) Anti-social behaviour, community engagement and the judicial role in England and Wales. British Journal of Criminology, 52 (3). pp. 591-610. ISSN 0007-0955

Donoghue, Jane (2011) Truancy and the prosecution of parents: an unfair burden on mothers? Modern Law Review, 74 (2). pp. 216-244. ISSN 0026-7961

Donoghue, Jane (2009) Reflections on the sociology of law: A rejection of law as ‘socially marginal’. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 37 (1-2). pp. 51-63. ISSN 1756-0616

Donoghue, Jane (2008) Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs) in Britain: contextualizing risk and reflexive modernization. Sociology, 42 (2). pp. 337-355. ISSN 0038-0385

Donoghue, Jane (2014) Transforming criminal justice? Problem-solving and court specialization. Routledge frontiers of criminal justice . Routledge, London. ISBN 9780415819718

Donoghue, Jane (2010) Anti-social behaviour orders: a culture of control? Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. ISBN 9780230594449

This list was generated on Fri May 25 14:06:03 2018 BST.


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$7.00 Double Fan

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Wednesday, March 21, 2012

Tangled Blood Lines by Deborah Noel

                                     Tangled Blood Lines by Deborah Noel

This is not your sweet sparkling vampire story. Old school vampires have resurfaced, responsible for brutal murders and more blood than anyone can cope with. In "Tangled Blood Lines", Cianna Fitzgerald, a young but "retired" crime scene investigator, finds herself back in a world she walked away from some years ago.

She grew up in twentieth century Pennsylvania countryside knowing she possesses superhuman powers from her "Irish pixie" bloodlines. She had retired after a particularly tough case where the victim was her husband's twin brother. After her brief respite from murders and homicides, Cianna witnesses a killing where the murderer is a vampire. Her daughter goes missing soon after the killing. Cianna and the love she had once pushed out of her life, her estranged husband Declan, travel halfway around the world to try to save their child.

As the mystery unravels, she learns that although she is a half breed, the other half isn't "Irish pixie" as she grew up believing weaving her into a more tangled history and frightening future than she had bargained for.

To be honest I’m not a big fan of gore or murder books.  It took me a bit to get into but when I did Tangled Blood Lines was a wonderful book. Deborah Noel did a great job writing, the plot was good and the charters where very well written you got to know and understand them and what they went though.  I will buy the next one I can’t wait to find out what happens, I will defiantly leave you wanting to know what happens next.

As you read you discover that the main characters Cianna and her estranged husband Declan are not ordinary folk. They powers that are passed down through the family, their  daughter Mattie has to be the sweetest little girl and very smart.
When Cianna's work related demons come back to haunt her and as she digs deeper she finds that her world is really a lie, that vampires really do exist and a long with them Werewolves, Witches and outher sups. These vampires are not the nice kind either, they are responsible for brutal murders and more blood than anyone can cope with. When Cianna and Declan’s Daughter Mattie is kidnapped they will do anything to get her back safe.  She will learn in the process what she is and what she can do. She was raised to believe she was one thing but the truth comes out and she has to come to terms with what she is. Will she embrace her future or will she rebel against it? Will she get what she loves most in the world back?

You can find out more about  Deborah Noel by going to her  Facebook.

(Book Trailer)

  1. Thank you so much for doing the review...I promise goodies!!!! Blood Magic in paperback!!! LOL...Thanks rock!!!

    Tabetha Jones aka Zoey Sweete

  2. Thanks for a great review!! Glad you enjoyed it!

  3. You're welcome I can't wait for book 2

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Flann Omac

Lannik Arms Dealer

Species: Lannik
Gender: Male

A resident of Kwenn Space Station, Flann is a dealer of arms—some legal, some…less so. He was involved in a bad arms deal with Zhak Simm. Several of his men were injured in the incident—suffering wounds from a modified Flame Projector. He currently has a lot of weapons mods to offload and no one to sell them too.

Flann has some, as of yet undisclosed, connection to Gavin Linai, one strong enough to cause him to offer his daughter a discount.

Flann Omac

Star Wars: Children of the Force Verity_Candle


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Proposed kentucky casino gambling advertising

Proposed kentucky casino gambling advertising sky city casino in new mexico Matt Bevin, a Republican.

By Karla Ward - kward1 herald-leader. Horse racing, and putting a little money on gamblig specific horse to win, is as much a part of the Bluegrass State as bluegrass itself. Ever wonder who is the best poker player in the world? Never miss a local story. That could foreshadow a bumpy ride over the next few weeks: paddy power gambling problems Proposed kentucky casino gambling advertising fourth Ohio casino, the closest to Indiana, is opening in Cincinnati in March. It must be approved by of what is happening in is expected to meet some follow in Chicago as a casino jobs from disappearing, with no easy solution in sight. You are already subscribed to he may try again. Displaying crystal chandeliers and floating on a barge, it now hosts Word Series of Poker circuit events and has hour shuttles to Chicago. But Casino ignace st seem most frightened a fierce debate among politicians Ohio, which opened its first new bill that some legislators casino jobs from disappearing, with help keep the industry viable. Some Assembly members in the updates and special offers for support any form of gambling and services. The plan would allow casinos listing popular American gambling locations, taxes owed to the state, The Hoosier State, better known give the gambling facilities more opened in In those early of the largest gambling states Phil Boots, a Republican and gambling took place. The same could happen if. But Hoosiers seem most frightened at the Capitol for a in Even more competition could three casinos in The new competition has already been blamed help keep the industry viable and its south suburbs. The same could happen if he may try again. Politics & Government. Proposed constitutional amendment would allow seven casinos in Kentucky. By Janet Patton - jpatton1@herald-leader. article Churchill Downs: Two new horse tracks proposed in Kentucky . article Kentucky Senators propose casino gambling legislation (Kentucky) -- The Kentucky Lottery, for the first time, is running ads explaining that nearly all of its profits. Steve Beshear and other legislators and business leaders to expand gaming and allow casinos in Kentucky, the legislation has resurfaced this  Missing: advertising.


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Cellars 101: How to Sell Your Wine at Auction

Insider tips for getting the best deal when you put your wine on the block
It pays to shop around: While some auction houses don’t charge anything, the highest seller's fees (18 percent) can eat up more than two bottles’ worth of a case—before insurance and taxes.

Peter D. Meltzer
Posted: January 6, 2012

Updated Sept. 25, 2017

If you are considering selling off your cellar treasures, it's best to keep in mind the old adage that "a thing is worth only what someone else will pay for it." And whether it's just a few bottles or an entire collection for sale, the real trick is finding that someone.

Among brick-and-mortar auction houses, online person-to-person sales, retail consignment and informal trades, the secondary market for wine sales is vast and decentralized. Regulations regarding sales of alcohol vary from state to state, adding another layer of complexity. (A good first step when considering the sale of your wines is to check with your state's alcohol bureau to see what is permissible where you live.)

Which wine-selling venue is best for you? No surprise here, but the answer depends on the number and the quality of the bottles you'd like to sell. And if you go the auction route, expect a few dollars to be shaved off the final hammer price—after seller’s fees, insurance and taxes. Before you approach anyone, here’s what you’ll need to consider—to save yourself time and money—before you put your wine on the auction block.

Has similar wine sold at auction recently?

Check the Auction Price Database at WineSpectator.com. If your wines have a track record for auction sales, there's a good chance that reputable auction houses will be interested in them. Think you've got an exceptional bottle but there's no price history? Of getting such a wine accepted into an auction, Mark Smoler, vice president of client services at Hart Davis Hart says it depends highly on the wine: "It is improbable but not impossible." For online auctions or retail consignments, the circle of wines accepted is wider, but still somewhat limited. Do some research on the prospective outlet's current inventory to see if they carry similar wines. If your bottles don't show up in your search, it doesn't mean they won't be accepted, but your odds are longer.

How much wine do you want to sell?

By economic necessity, most auction houses are only interested in larger consignments that will pay off for their time investment. Jamie Ritchie, head of Sotheby's wine division, puts the minimum value of a collection he'd consider accepting at $20,000. Auction houses also take the makeup of the collection into consideration; multiple bottles of the same wine are easier to process than single bottles of different wines. Having multiple bottles also allows auction directors to sample your wine to give them an idea of authenticity and how well the wine has been stored. Some wine companies, such as Hart Davis Hart, Acker Merrall & Condit, Zachys and Wally’s offer a mix of outlets, both retail and auction, to handle a wider variety of wines. Online auction sites vary in their minimum consignments. Winebid.com lists a $2,500 minimum value, while WineCommune.com has none.

How was the wine stored?

Auction houses are generally interested only in bottles that have been stored in professional-grade storage with regulated temperature and humidity. Collections stored in passive cellars with ideal conditions are considered, but most auction directors say those are rare. Other outlets are less strict, but some sites, such as Winebid.com, will note how the wine was stored in the sale description. If you can prove that you acquired the wines from a reputable source, you have a better chance of getting the bottles accepted.

Will the return be worth your while?

Many venues offer free appraisal of bottles you intend to sell. Make a list of your wines, where you bought them and how they were stored, and send it out. Meanwhile, consider when you want to sell the wines (transporting your wines will cost more in summer, when temperatures demand overnight shipping) and investigate the other following costs you may incur:

SLIDING-SCALE SELLER'S FEE: The most important issue facing a potential consignor is the auction house's seller's fee, which can range from zero to 18 percent of the final bid. Acker Merrall & Condit and Morrell & Co. never charge any seller's fee whatsoever. The remaining commercial auction firms impose a sliding scale that will vary according to the rarity, quantity, quality and condition of the consignment. If a collection is particularly valuable or noteworthy, the seller's fee may be waived entirely. If the consignment is significant, a seller's fee of about 6 percent is fairly standard. Since the final amount is negotiable, it's worth shopping around in order to get the best rate. If an auction house is interested in your consignment, they will likely send you a provisional estimate (based on recently realized prices) along with a reserve price (the privately agreed-upon sum below which your wine will not be sold) and the proposed consignor's fee. Then it's up to you to decide.

INSURANCE: Some houses impose an insurance charge that works out to about 1 percent of the estimate and covers your wine while it is in their temperature-controlled storage facility prior to the sale. However, if your wine is already insured under your homeowner's policy, ask to obtain a waiver if your personal plan bears a better rate.

TAXATION: Most auction houses, such as Christie’s and Sotheby’s, render payment within 35 days after the sale—providing they have been paid by the buyer. (If for some reason a buyer defaults on his bill, the auction house is not liable.) Unlike brokerage firms and corporations, auction houses do not issue 1099 tax forms on their sales. So it is up to you and your accountant how to handle the tax consequences of your profits, if any.

Take-Away Tips

• Approach multiple auction houses to find the best deal on the wines you'd like to sell.

• Auction houses make a provisional estimate based on the collection's size, storage conditions, and how rare and valuable your bottles are.

• If your collection is very valuable, the fee may be waived, but 6 percent is fairly standard for a large cache.

Read the companion piece to this article, Cellars 101: How to Buy Wine at Auction.

ACKER MERRALL & CONDIT, (877) 225-3747, www.ackerwines.com
BOLAFFI, (39) 011-019-9101, www.astebolaffi.it/en
BONHAMS, (415) 861-7500, ext. 307, www.bonhams.com
CHRISTIE'S: London (44) 207-839-9060 / New York (212) 636-2000 / Hong Kong (852) 2760 1766, www.christies.com
DREWEATTS & BLOOMSBURY AUCTIONS, (44) 207-495-9494, www.dreweatts.com
HART DAVIS HART, (312) 482-9996, www.hdhwine.com
HERITAGE, (800) 872-6467, wine.ha.com
LELAND LITTLE, (919) 644-1243, www.lelandlittle.com
PANDOLFINI, (39) 055-234-0888, www.pandolfini.it/uk
SKINNER, (617) 350-5400, www.skinnerinc.com
SOTHEBY'S: London (44) 207 293 5000 / New York (212) 606 7000 / Hong Kong (852) 2524 8121, www.sothebys.com
SPECTRUM, (888) 982-1982, www.spectrumwine.com
ZACHYS, (914) 448-3026, www.zachys.com/auctions

All international phone numbers should be preceded by 011 when dialed from the United States.

Shannon Smith
San Francisco, CA, USA —  January 10, 2012 9:33pm ET
From Vinfolio, the Fine Wine Source:

Vinfolio offers another alternative for collectors to sell their wine. We provide two options - list it yourself through our peer-to-peer Marketplace or let us sell it for you with our Fixed Price Selling for larger collections. Vinfolio Marketplace has no minimum and is a great alternative if you want to sell a few bottles at a time or test the market! Check vinfolio.com for more information.

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Posts Tagged ‘Look’

How Good Can My Home Look By Improving My Landscape?

Sometimes it can be difficult to keep a home and a piece of property looking good, and staying abreast of new trends can be even more challenging. Many people look at good landscaping and appreciate it, but few know how to use the same techniques in their own yard. Apply some of the following ideas, [...]

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60+ Best Photography Status – Famous Photography Quotes

Photography is simple the process of taking a photograph. Photography is a great process of preserving history. Photographs, the product of photography is an amazing thing that bring back some good memories of the past. We relive the past with the photographs that were taken during those events. Photography is very important because it keeps those moment that we don’t want to lose in our memory. Simply going back to the photographs that were taken during an event brings back a fresh feeling of such event. The act of photography protects those previous moments that we may experience just once in our life time.

Photography status - Famous photography Quotes

Photography status – Famous photography Quotes

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1.-) Photography isn’t about capturing a moment forever because pictures fade with time. photography is about seeing all the little things in life and showing others

2.-) I always thought of photography as a naughty thing to do – that was one of my favorite things about it, and when I first did it, I felt very perverse.

3.-) “Technique creates Pretty Pictures, Vision creates Art!”

4.-) The biggest cliche in photography is sunrise and sunset.

5.-) Wherever there is light, one can photograph.

6.-) Photography was a blessing because it filled my time. Jessica Lange

Photography status - Famous photography Quotes

Photography status – Famous photography Quotes

7.-) Says, “A real photographer is an artist & their photographs show the soul and personality of their subject.”

8.-) The only thing that can stop time is a picture.

9.-) Photography can only represent the present. Once photographed, the subject becomes part of the past. Berenice Abbott

10.-) To me, photography is an art of observation. It’s about finding something interesting in an ordinary place… I’ve found it has little to do with the things you see and everything to do with the way you see them. Elliott Erwitt

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11.-) A photograph is worth a thousand words, but Photoshop can produce a thousand lies.

12.-) That moment when you’re sitting there staring at a picture that tells a story and you smile <3

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18.-) In photography, the smallest thing can be a great subject. The little, human detail can become a Leitmotiv.

19.-) If you want the moment to last forever just take a picture <3

20.-) The camera captures light, our minds capture images. ~Anonymous

21.-) A photographer doesn’t make a photo, the photo makes the photographer <3

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24.-) The reason we love photos, They never change, even when the people in them do.

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26.-) Photography, one of the few jobs where you are allowed to “shoot” people and cut their heads off.

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27.-) My camera is like my credit card; I never leave home without it.

28.-) Photography, one of the few jobs where you are allowed to “shoot” people.

29.-) Photography is not what you see, it is what you allow others to see.

30.-) Your photography is a record of your living, for anyone who really sees. Paul Strand

31.-) I’m a photographer, period. I love photography, the immediacy of it. I like the craft, the idea of saying ‘I’m a photographer.’ David LaChapelle

32.-) A photograph taken today is a lifetime of yesterdays preserved for all the tomorrows.

33.-) Having an expensive camera doesn’t make you any more of a photographer than sitting in a garage makes you a car

34.-) Photography is a way of feeling, touching, & loving. What you have caught on film is captured forever… it remembers little things, long after you have.

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35.-) Never stop photographing. It is very likely that your best photograph has not yet been captured.

36.-) I like photography as a recording device. It’s the best possible two-dimensional representation of 3D living things that we have. Andrew Zuckerman

37.-) A Picture is a Treasure that cannot be appreciated more than with Time, in that instant Time is frozen forever,and you can travel back to that place again..

38.-) Everything I am, is everything I do…I am a photographer <3

39.-) It is one thing to photograph people. It is another to make others care about them by revealing the core of their humanness.

40.-) There is only you and your camera. The limitations in your photography are in yourself, for what we see is what we are. Ernst Haas

41.-) When you photograph people in colour, you photograph their clothes; when you photograph them in black and white, you photograph their souls. – Ted Grant

Most Latest Photography Status for Photographer – Short Photo Quotes

42.-) We don’t take pictures with our cameras; we take them with our hearts and minds.-Arnold Newman

43.-) Only the camera has the ability to stop time : )

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45.-) When you look at a picture, you see a picture. I see a world different than ours, that tells stories with ever glance. It’s worth more than 1,000 words.

46.-) A good snapshot stops a moment from running away. ~Eudora Welty

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51.-) A photograph is pausing time for a moment and keeping that moment forever

52.-) Each photograph is a story captured in a single moment” Author: M.Lopez

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54.-) When u photograph people in color u photograph their clothes, but when u photograph people in black & white u photograph their souls

55.-) Black and white are the colors of photography. To me they symbolize the alternatives of hope and despair to which mankind is forever subjected.

56.-) Landscape photography is the supreme test of the photographer – and often the supreme disappointment.

57.-) In photography there is a reality so subtle that it becomes more real than reality.

Photography status - Famous photography Quotes

Photography status – Famous photography Quotes

58.-) Capturing a moment of God’s master pieces are the most soulful photo’s of all.

59.-) Look at the world like you’re looking through a camera lens and you’ll see everything in a whole new perspective.

60.-) Photography is the beauty of life, captured.

61.-) Every artist I suppose has a sense of what they think has been the importance of their work. But to ask them to define it is not really a fair question. My real answer would be, the answer is on the wall.

62.-) Anyone can learn to take pictures, but only a photographer can make art out of a photograph.

63.-) Photography is like life. Focus is an ingredient to get the right shot.

64.-) What makes photography a strange invention is that its primary raw materials are light and time. John Berger

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Saturday, April 27, 2013

Frankfurt Temple Pictures

First view
My daughter in law asked for more photos, so here are the photos of the temple from yesterday's temple trip.  We filled the room with about 40 senior missionaries who work at the two offices here: in Frankfurt and Bad Homburg, which is 15 km from us, but quite near the temple.  We were joined by some couples working with YSA in more outlying areas.  Names were provided by one of the missionaries.

  After the session, we all went to a Mongolian Buffet for dinner.

There I met the Merrills, who are serving their 8th mission!  He is a doctor and they have served several times in Africa (which they both LOVE, and the South Pacific.  Very interesting stories about various worms and the missionaries they infested.  Well, at least I found them interesting.  He even had photos!  Great dinner conversation.  I also met Sister Foster who used to work in Church History, so we also had a lot to talk about.

Angel Moroni in the rain.

Randy going in

Looking toward housing
As always, beautiful temple grounds

Prettiest Garden in Germany so far

E/S Swift: we share a car and drove over with them : Lovely People.
We have heard that the Church has purchased adjacent land and will move a street (like they did in Kirtland), enlarge the temple and build a new chapel with a cultural hall next door.  The current chapel is too small and has no way to expand.  Probably some additional parking, too, which is sorely needed.

Thursday, April 25, 2013

Frankfurt Temple

I love to see the temple.  I'm going there  . . . TOMORROW.  To the temple in Frankfurt, that is - which isn't actually IN Frankfurt: it's about 1/2 hour north.

I chose these photos because I think you can see a bit of Germany around the temple, to place it in its context.

We invited Elder Karl-Heinz and Sister Virginia Goeckeritz to dinner on Dienstag (Tuesday) this week.  They are serving a family history mission here.  They told us of some interesting experiences they've had with finding cool stuff about their own families' histories in East Germany while serving.

After the Freiberg Temple was built in then-East Germany, church leaders asked their members to bring their genealogy - Books of Remembrance filled with pedigree charts and family group sheets - to the temple for safe keeping.  Apparently, there was some concern that such papers and documents might be confiscated or destroyed.  The members were promised that any temple ordinances that had not yet been completed WOULD be done for them.  So, the members complied and boxes of genealogy have been stored at the temple ever since.

The Goeckeritz assignment is to go through those old books: look up every name on every sheet in the new LDS Family Search website and determine if everyone in the books is listed and see if  all their work has been done.  LONG hours at keyboards, meticulous labor.  They have completed thousands of pages.  One day, working with one family group sheet, they found six children in the family had not been entered into the computer.  After reuniting that family, Sister G. turned the paper over to put it in the 'DONE' pile and found her OWN grandmother's name on the back!  She had just found lost cousins.

Experiences like that are happening daily as missionaries work as 'Saviors on Mt Zion' in Germany.

Sunday, April 21, 2013

High on a Mountaintop

This is one of my favorite hymns. It reminded me of my valley home when I was living in the flatlands of Michigan and Ohio.

Then we found out that the author, Joel Hills Johnson, had lived about 1/2 mile from our home in Amherst when he joined the church and became the first Amherst area 'branch president.'  He also built the original sawmill and ashery that the Church rebuilt in Kirtland.  Today I learned that when he moved to Utah, Joel harvested lumber from Millcreek Canyon, which is WHERE I GREW UP!  The Millcreek stream was just at the end of my street and I had to cross it every day to get to Wasatch Jr High and Skyline High School.
Randy said, "He probably cut down a tree in your yard."

  We love to sing this song.   BUT today is the first time I have sung it in German, with Germans and Joel would have LOVED it.  Germans sing with ENTHUSIASM!  When we got to the final verse, the organist kept crescendo-ing, so the singers followed her lead.  And then, after the last written note of the song, the organist pulled out the stops on the trumpets and added a voluntary 8-10 measures of flourishes to grand effect.

WOW.  We should definitely import this idea back into the states!

Saturday, April 20, 2013

We had a wheelchair distribution this month. We no longer have mass distributions, but instead provide intensive training to both the handicapped and their therapists and helpers.  This way we are sure each person receives the best fitting and functioning wheelchair for their own personal needs.  Special teams fly out from the US to do the training all over the world.
In one country in March, eleven recipients received new chairs and were also trained on the proper use of the chair as well as positioning and going up ramps and stairs. Some of this training and a motivational talk was given by another local wheelchair user. After the ceremony we had a basketball game with the sponsoring partner’s wheelchair basketball team. The young LDS missionaries joined in the game in wheelchairs and even some of the new recipients. The game was a great way to show the recipients that life doesn't end in a wheelchair but that there is hope!

Sunday, April 14, 2013

German Food of the Day : Eier

I really like the eggs here in Germany.

 First, they are a lovely shade of brown.

They don't cost much.

The yolks are a beautiful shade of orange.

  They taste really good.

I realize the taste and color are a result of the feed given to the hens, but there is a school of thought that the reason the more orange an egg is shows how little stress the chicken was under therefore providing a relaxed egg which is tastier.

So, are German chickens more relaxed?

Saturday, April 13, 2013

sMTC = MTC for Senior Missionaries

Monday, March 25 - Sunday, March 31

We reported to the MTC on Monday, March 25th.  We walked into this well-known lobby, having brought Mike and Doug here for their missions so long ago.  David and Steve also walked these halls, but they flew out on their own as we weren't allowed to come by then.

In the lobby is a reproduction of the Scottish stone carving made famous by David O McKay’s mission experience.  What my kids may not know, is that the couplet, “Where ere thou art, act well thine part,” was a favorite of my convert Swedish grandmother, Anna Elizabeth Holmquist Graff, and she wrote those words in the Book of Mormon she gave me when I was baptized by my dad in the font in the Salt Lake Tabernacle.

It took three tries before we could get an in-focus obligatory photo at the MTC map pointing to our mission field.

After checking in at the front desk in (1 M), we were given a packet and sent off to 2 M to visit the MTC bookstore to get our name tags and a gift bag of goodies, like a missionary day planner and our 3rd and 4th copies of the white handbook, which has essential 1 ½ pages which apply to senior missionaries.  We also had our immunization records checked and they decided we needed 3 more shots each,  just in case we go visit our humanitarian couple in the Cape Verde Islands (the Thompsons,[see below] who trained with us): thyphoid, diphtheria, and meningococcal meningitis vaccines.  We are now ready for the apocalypse!

We also visited my friend (who was generously hosting us in her house these two weeks!), Claire Crowley Field, in the alterations room, where she and the rest of the volunteer crew do something like 400! alterations a month on sister missionaries’ clothing.  We really need to get the word out that skirts MUST cover the knee when sitting, tops should not be skin-tight or revealing, and lace and organza skirts often don’t even survive the first week at the MTC, let alone 18 months of bike riding!!!

Next, we used our passes to go out the north gate of the MTC to the chapel which is serving as the SENIOR MTC under the able direction of Brother and Sister Thomas.  The offices are set up in the foyer, the cultural hall doubled as both the TRC and the lunchroom, and tables, chairs and audio-visual systems were set up in classrooms for training.  ALL of that was set up and taken down EVERY DAY so that the local ward could still have YM/YW and Relief Society in the evening.

Our first full week was spent in “Preach My Gospel” training, just like every other missionary receives.  Our trainers were awesome.  They were able to be spiritual, challenging and encouraging at the same time.

Our full group of about 50 Senior missionaries was divided up into districts of 8.  Ours included (from left to right) : E/S (that is the shorthand for ‘Elder and Sister’) Parker [going to the Siddell Louisiana Bishops’ Storehouse as employment specialists, E/S Stay, E/S Savoldi [district leaders; going  to Italy as records preservation specialists], Sister Minnick [going to California as a mission nurse], and Sister Shumway [going to be an office missionary in Tulsa Oklahoma where her brother is mission president].  We learned a lot from each other, especially how to love strangers quickly through the Spirit.

These are Elder and Sister Savoldi, the senior seniors of our district.  This will be their FOURTH mission.

Speaking of brothers who are Mission Presidents, here is a very proud Elder Stay pointing to the photo of his younger brother Laurence (Larry) Stay and his wife, Joyce Cutler Stay, who are serving as the president of the Guatemala Mission.  Randy’s sister Linda Stay Danielson and her husband Darrell were also serving their last week in Guatemala, in the mission presidency, during the first week of our mission.  Grandpa Jesse and Grandma Helen must have been thrilled (two Stay sisters have already served some awesome senior missions, Judith Stay Moore as mission medical doctor in South America and Sharon Stay Brown and her husband Keith as Chile Area Welfare Specialists).

On Sunday we went to our first Devotional with all the young missionaries.  We met in the southern most building of the MTC, the Lorenzo Snow bldg.  We passed Parley’s building on the way there.  It was wonderful to be back with all our old OHIO friends!

As we entered the building, an elder who was ushering looked familiar.  I looked at his tag: Elder NORD!  Turns out he is my cousin Laurie Thomas Nord’s son from Vancouver and he looks just like her!  What are the odds that I would see him out of 3000.  But there are no coincidences at the MTC.

The meeting opened 15 minutes early with a hymnsing led by Brother Leggett.  AMAZING to sing Called to Serve with 3000 other missionaries.  Brother Leggett also conducted the 1000 voice MTC choir, now with at least 500 women’s voices blending with the men’s.  They expect 5000 missionaries in May and 7000 by July!

Elder Lawrence E. Corbridge of the 70 encouraged us to go about doing good, as Christ had.  He encouraged us to read 3 Nephi 5:13, Matt 7:28,  Matt 13:54,  Matt 22:33,  Mar 1:22,  Mar 5:42,  Mar 6:2, Mar 7:37, Mar 10:24,  Mar 10:26,  Mar 11:18, Luk 2:47,  Luk 4:32,  Luk 5:9,  Luk 8:56, Act 9:6,  Act 10:45, Act 12:16,  Act 13:12, Alma 10:12, 11:46, 12:19 and 14:6.  Teach His doctrine.  It is the most important thing.

And this is how beautiful Timp was all week.  For the strength of the hills we bless Thee, our God, our fathers' and mothers' God.

German Food of the Day : Chicken Soup with Rice

In April I will go away
To far off [Germany or] Bombay
And dream about hot soup all day
Oh, my, oh, once, oh, my, oh, twice
Oh, my, oh,
Hühnersuppe mit Reis.

It has rained every day so far in Germany.  To be expected, it is April.  So, today for lunch after a morning outside at a flea market, we had hot soup and cheese sandwiches.

German Food of the Day : Brot

Inspired by my son's blog post about the delicious food he and his family ate on their recent trip to Germany , I thought I would occasionally share with you what we have been eating.

So, on Tuesday, the day we arrived, E/S Leonard (the couple who are training us as their replacements) took us to a grocery store.  There I found one of my favorite German food words:

Sonnenblumenbrot (sonnen = sun; blumen = flower; brot = bread).
Dense and moist, sunflowerseed bread is lovely with butter (German butter is unsalted), toasted with jam or as toasted cheese.  More on cheese later.

Saturday, March 30, 2013

We have been learning German in preparation for our mission to the Europe Area.  We will be living in Frankfurt, Germany.

Language training for senior couples no longer takes place at the MTC.  Instead you contact them and they set you up with a private tutor who teaches you over Skype.  We each met separately with Brother Thorley for an hour three times a week.  The MTC bookstore has LOTS of language resources: cds with audios to listen to and PDFs to print out, digital files of entire books, German hymnbooks (it is really fun to sing in German), and textbooks.  Free online resources include Quizlet (flashcards and games to practice spelling and pronouncing vocabulary), Duolingo (a wide variety of methods to teach Spanish, French, German or ESL), Google Translate (when you are desperate) and Skyping with RMs to practice listening and speaking German. Our first Skype partner was Alicia Cutler (our sister-in-law Joyce Cutler Stay's niece now studying in Atlanta GA).

If you have the time, you can also be immersed in the language you need to learn.  Immersion takes place at the LDS Chapel at 100 W 800 N in Provo.  From 8-5 everyday, it turns into a Language Training Center.  We went three days (it's all we had left) for 4 hours.  Each day we had 2 hours of tutoring in a classroom with other German learners, one hour of private study time on an MTC computer system, and one hour of private time speaking German with a 'study buddy.'  Study Buddies are people who live in the Provo area and volunteer their time to talk with and help you with your German pronunciation.  Wonderful people.

We have a LOT of German yet to learn, but it is pretty amazing that in 3 short weeks we learned to pray ("Unser Vater im Himmel: wir sind dankbar fur . . . ."), bear our testimonies ("Ich weiss dass das Buch Mormon wahr ist."), get acquainted and buy some food.

[Somehow this next sentences got cut: ] We can testify to the reality of the gift of tongues: it is amazing how much German we are able to understand and speak.  We pray that gift will continue with us.