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Immigrants in the United States and the Current Economic Crisis

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Immigrants in the United States and the Current Economic Crisis

The current U.S. recession is already longer than all but two since World War II and deeper than any since the Great Depression. And an avalanche of increasingly dismal economic assessments from most parts of the world points to the global economic crisis deepening during 2009 and possibly beyond.

Before 2007, the U.S. economy had grown in 23 of the past 25 years. During this period of sustained economic growth, the United States attracted record numbers of new immigrants. The U.S. foreign-born population quadrupled from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38.1 million in 2007.

More than 1 million immigrants have entered the United States legally each year for much of the past decade. About another half a million have typically entered illegally each year.

Immigration flows to the United States have noticeably slowed in the last year, raising fundamental questions for policymakers and analysts about the effect the current economic crisis is having on inflows and return migration. These questions appear particularly daunting because there has been no comparable crisis in recent memory.

To examine the recession's potential impact on these flows, we carefully combine analysis of the most recent data with a nuanced understanding of the motivations and likely behavior of immigrants, America's immigration history, and a degree of professional judgment.

Changes in Immigrant Flows to the United States

Over the past decade, the flow of legal permanent immigrants has averaged about 1 million per year.

The most recent flow data on legal immigrants are for fiscal year (FY) 2008, which ended September 30, 2008. These data show that the legal immigration flow stood at 1,107,126.

We can also derive flow estimates from some sample surveys, including the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau.

Related MPI Publications

Expert estimates based on CPS suggest a slowdown of an uncertain size in total immigration. Pew Hispanic Center demographer Jeffrey Passel estimates that immigration from Mexico has slowed and that flows from Central America show signs of a decrease as well although the magnitude of these changes is not clear.

Other data sources confirm the change in immigration from Mexico. According to the National Survey of Occupations and Employment—a labor force survey of 120,000 Mexican households conducted quarterly by Mexico's official statistical agency—the rate of outmigration from Mexico in the summer (May to August) has slowed over the past two years from 10.5 per 1,000 residents in 2006 to 9.2 per 1,000 in 2007 to 6.0 in 2008.

Slowing migration from Central America may reflect increasing cooperation from Mexican authorities to limit the entry of third-country nationals most likely to subsequently attempt to enter the United States illegally.

Immigration from South America has decelerated but is in line with longer-term trends since about 2000. This may result from U.S. consular officials tightening visa-issuing policies for some South American countries. It may also reflect the increasingly diverse destinations of South American migrants who have begun immigrating in larger numbers to countries like Spain, Japan, and Italy over the past decade.

Immigration flows from Europe and Canada also appear to be slowing. By contrast, immigration from Asia appears to be increasing; flows from the Middle East are also increasing but are very small overall.

According to Pew Hispanic Center estimates, the growth of the unauthorized immigrant population in the United States has been flat for the past two years.

Changes in the Number of Immigrants in the United States

Available data suggest slower growth in the stock of immigrants. The 2007 data from the American Community Survey (ACS) of the U.S. Census Bureau show a net increase of just over 500,000 immigrants between 2006 and 2007 (from 37.5 million to 38.1 million).

In contrast, between 2000 and 2006, ACS and other data sources suggest the net annual increase in the foreign-born population was higher—approaching 1 million.

More recent monthly data from CPS show the immigrant population leveling off since mid-2007 although the data also reflect seasonal trends (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. Monthly Estimate of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population, January 2000 through January 2009
Note: Estimates are based on a three-month moving average.
Source: Migration Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, Basic Current Population Survey, January 2000 to January 2009.

In January 2009, CPS counted about 37.1 million immigrants in the United States, slightly down from 37.4 million in January 2008. However, because of statistical variation in population sampling in the CPS, it is not clear whether the observed changes amount to an actual decline.

One possible influence on trends observed in CPS could be that illegally resident immigrants may be reluctant to respond to government surveys in an environment of strongly increasing enforcement. Also, greater proportions of more mobile, even itinerant, legal and unauthorized immigrants in search of jobs could also have a small effect.

CPS data also show that similar to the recent past, the number of Mexican and Central American immigrants in the United States fluctuates seasonally although the overall direction continues to be generally upward (see Figure 2). The number of immigrants from other regions also displays some seasonal trends, but the general trend has been flat for about a year.

Figure 2. Monthly Estimate of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population by Region of Origin, January 2000 to January 2009
Note: Estimates are based on a three-month moving average. The Mexico/Central America category includes foreign born from Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Source: Migration Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, Basic Current Population Survey, January 2000 to January 2009.

Future Flows

Knowing the complexities of the U.S. immigration system and understanding immigrants' motivations can provide insight into how the flows through different legal channels might behave during the current recession.

Migration to the United States is composed of four main flows: Lawful permanent residents (LPRs), humanitarian migrants (including refugees and asylum seekers), temporary workers and students, and unauthorized migrants. Some flows are larger than others, and each type is likely to respond differently to changing labor-market conditions.

As of 2005, LPRs made up 28 percent of all immigrants residing in the United States, humanitarian migrants 7 percent, legal temporary residents 3 percent, and unauthorized immigrants 30 percent; the remaining 32 percent were naturalized citizens.

  • LPRs. The largest legal group, they are admitted to the United States primarily because of family ties. Of course, family (re)unification immigrants have immediate access to the labor market and do work. Still, only about 15 percent of all LPRs are admitted directly for employment.

    LPRs undergo a lengthy official immigration application process, and most have to endure long waiting periods. Some LPR family and employment categories have annual limits. Note: some immigrants enter the United States as temporary residents but then adjust to LPR status; others arrive once they receive permanent residency.

  • Humanitarian migrants. Refugees are resettled in an orderly manner from large pools of eligible applicants while asylum seekers apply for refugee status after arriving at a port of entry or from inside the United States following a change of circumstances in their home country. Both groups can eventually become LPRs. The president sets refugee admissions each year; Congress must approve the ceiling.

  • Legal temporary residents. Includes temporary workers and students. Temporary workers are admitted on work visas issued after a successful petition by their prospective employer. Students enter the United States on visas whose duration corresponds to the term of their studies. They can work part-time in the United States, and most students may work for a period of up to 18 months after completing their studies under the Optional Practical Training (OPT) regulation.

  • Unauthorized immigrants. This group includes those who either entered the country illegally—typically by crossing the border with Mexico—or overstayed or otherwise violated the terms of a valid visa.

As a general rule, LPR flows are less responsive to the U.S. economic cycle than those for unauthorized immigrants and temporary workers for three reasons.

First, those who adjust to LPR status (known as status adjusters) are typically more attached to the labor market than new arrivals and tend to be more easily embedded in the U.S. economy and society than newly arriving immigrants. The majority of LPRs in recent years—58 percent between 1998 and 2007—have been status adjusters who already reside in the United States.

Over the 1998-2007 period, status adjusters were about three times more likely to be sponsored by an employer than newly arriving LPRs (21 percent of status adjusters compared to 7 percent of new arrivals). Accordingly, the number of new status adjusters is less likely to immediately respond to changes in the labor market since so many are already employed and do not need to find new jobs.

Second, pent-up demand for employment-sponsored visas means that actual lower admissions in these categories are not anticipated in the immediate future. Although they are designed to respond to labor needs, employment-based admissions do not appear to respond to short-lived business-cycle fluctuations.

Whenever a visa category has more applicants than available visas, the category becomes "oversubscribed," and immigrant visas are issued in the chronological order in which the petitions were filed until the annual numerical limit for the category is reached.

As of March 6, 2009, the State Department was processing visas for certain skilled employment-based visas filed between November 1, 2001, and February 15, 2005, depending on the applicant's nationality. Even if new demand for employer-sponsored visas falls, pent-up demand will likely continue to drive employment-based immigration in the short term.

Third, since employment-based immigrants make up about 15 percent of all LPR inflows, slackened demand for such visas in 2009 would have a small effect on overall permanent admissions. Family (re)unification, in contrast, accounts for about two-thirds of lawful permanent immigration.

In light of the relatively long waits and significant costs involved in obtaining a green card, it is unlikely that most family immigrants would change their plans due to what is often perceived, at least initially, as a temporary decline in economic activity.

Because humanitarian migrants are fleeing persecution, their flows are also typically unrelated to economic conditions.

Budget allocations for the refugee resettlement program can be susceptible to budget cuts that often occur during economic downturns, but overall, one should expect foreign wars, other international political upheavals, and changes in U.S. policy priorities (such as increased admissions of Iraqi refugees) to be much more important than U.S. economic conditions in determining refugee flows.

As a result, if the economic crisis leads to humanitarian emergencies—such as armed conflicts or famines—new pressures on humanitarian flows could emerge, and the U.S. government would likely respond in ways that could include some new admissions.

In contrast to LPRs and humanitarian migrants, many temporary worker flows gradually adjust to labor-market conditions, but do so at different speeds.

Temporary worker programs are intended to fill seasonal and other temporary labor-market gaps. But the duration and conditions of admission for temporary workers range widely. Some visas can be valid for as long as six years while others are valid for a few months or indefinitely.

Many visa types have annual limits either through annual quotas (e.g., H-1B "specialty occupation" visas) or through mandated proof from employers that no U.S. workers are available for a particular job (e.g., H-2A visas for agricultural workers).

Temporary worker programs that require proof from employers might be expected to respond relatively quickly to the business cycle. Rising unemployment during recessions presumably steers workers already in the country toward sectors where jobs are available. These trends might lead to fewer labor shortages and lower demand for temporary workers.

However, this adjustment does not occur automatically.

Some unemployed workers already in the country—including both natives and immigrants—may be unwilling to move to regions where jobs are available. Their reasons may include family ties or other personal constraints. They may also be unwilling to take jobs they find financially or socially unattractive, or they may not have the specialized knowledge or training some available jobs require.

As a result, worker shortages may continue in certain occupations as well as in those expected to grow robustly, such as health and elder care.

When they have alternatives to participation in the labor force, some workers may choose to continue their education rather than move or remain unemployed. Others may prefer to drop out of the labor force entirely, deciding to rely on their savings, the income (and the hospitality) of family members, or the social safety net.

The degree to which unemployed workers already in the country are willing and able to adjust to a changing labor market will strongly influence the demand for temporary workers during a recession.

Student migration is a relatively new policy field so there is little analysis of how flows of foreign students might react to the business cycle. Students are not fully attached to the labor market although some may work full- or part-time.

However, the specific characteristics of the current economic crisis may have two types of consequences for foreign students.

First, many foreign students in the United States receive scholarships and grants that make it possible for them to attend U.S. universities. These resources may become scarcer due to financial market volatility.

Second, students who, in the past, were able to finance their studies through family support and part-time work and are unable to obtain scholarships or grants may face new financial realities—especially if the economic crisis has adversely affected their family finances.

Since demand for visas from both U.S. employers and foreign workers exceeds the supply, the U.S. immigration system's rigidities essentially force many economic migrants into illegal channels.

Accordingly, illegal immigration flows should be more responsive to economic changes than legal immigration flows even though economic prospects at home and family reunification are also factors.

The evidence overall confirms this viewpoint and suggests that illegal immigration flows tend to be most responsive to the U.S. economy.

While U.S. employment prospects motivate unauthorized migrants to come, other factors also influence their migration decisions. As a result, large-scale return migration of the unauthorized is unlikely absent protracted and severe economic conditions in the United States.

Indeed, several characteristics of this population and recent trends along the Southwest border and in Mexico and Central America suggest that large returns may be unlikely. These include

  • unauthorized immigrants' high degree of attachment to the labor force;
  • unauthorized workers' greater mobility between sectors and high geographic mobility within the United States;
  • the rising cost of illegal entry to the United States, which has contributed to reducing back-and-forth migration dramatically over the past two decades;
  • increasing drug-related violence in Mexico and Central America.

Historical Trends

Each period of U.S. history is unique so historical comparisons must be taken with caution. However, available historical evidence does not suggest a direct, long-term relationship between legal immigration flows and the U.S. economy's ups and downs.

Changes in the volume of immigration flows following recent recessions appear to be mostly the result of policy changes and administrative delays although some variation — especially in much earlier times—is likely due to economic conditions as well.

The Mexican Migration Project at Princeton University and the University of Guadalajara in Mexico found that during the Great Depression, the annual flow of legal immigrants from Mexico declined dramatically from around 46,000 per year during the 1920s to less than 2,700 per year during the 1930s, when the U.S. government conducted systematic roundup and removal operations directed at Mexican workers.

More recent Migration Policy Institute (MPI) analysis of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) data on legal permanent immigrant admissions and National Bureau of Economic Research historical data on U.S. recessions show that the decline in legal immigration observed during the Great Depression (the recession that officially lasted from August 1929 to March 1933) actually began in 1928—before the stock market crash of 1929 (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status in the United States (annual, in millions), the Business Cycle (peak to trough, quarterly), and Key Immigration Legislation, Fiscal Years 1882 to 2008
Notes: These data represent persons admitted for lawful permanent residence during the 12-month fiscal year ending in October of the year designated. The total for 1976 includes both the fiscal year and transitional quarter data. Recessions are based on quarterly data from peak to trough of the business cycle. The National Bureau of Economic Research defines a recession as “a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale retail sales.” The first broad modern assertion of the federal regulatory power in the immigration area is generally considered the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
Source: Migration Policy Institute analysis of Table 1 in U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2008, Table 1. Data on recessions from National Bureau of Economic Research, U.S. Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions. Legislation from, Michael Fix and Jeffrey S. Passel, Immigration and Immigrants: Setting the Record Straight (Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, May 1994).

This timing suggests that the Immigration Act of 1924, which took effect in 1928, may explain a large portion of the decline in legal immigration observed during the Great Depression. The act imposed severe quotas, limiting the annual inflow of new immigrants from most countries.

As for return migration, it is widely accepted that the emigration rate of immigrants increased significantly during the Great Depression despite issues of data quality. Between 1928 and 1937, over half a million immigrants left the United States.

However, it is not clear if they returned to their home countries or settled elsewhere. While about one immigrant departed for every three admitted between 1908 and 1957 (the last year for which the now defunct Immigration and Naturalization Service [INS] kept data), the ratio rose to one departure for every two entries during the Great Depression.

Political and legal factors also clearly influence immigration trends observed for the past three decades. Examples include the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 and policy changes following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

IRCA legalized nearly 3 million unauthorized immigrants in the years following 1987, causing legal flow numbers to surge (although these immigrants had been in the country for years) and setting the stage for the growth in family (re)unification cases observed since then. It also reformed the seasonal agricultural worker program and made it illegal for employers to hire unauthorized workers.

In this context, then, the dramatic decline in admissions following the July 1990 to March 1991 recession is largely the result of the end of IRCA legalizations.

During the 2001 recession, the number of immigrants initially declined, but the flow began increasing again midway through the recession, in September 2001 (see Figure 2). The drop in flows that followed the 2001 recession, therefore, is strongly related to the heightened security climate following September 11, 2001.

In the months after the September 11 attacks, both INS, whose responsibilities now rest with DHS, and the State Department extensively changed procedures to strengthen security screening and divert adjudications personnel and resources to security operations.

The changes required more rigorous reviews of all immigration applicants from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Visa processing slowed for all applicants in 2002 and 2003, but the process ground to a virtual halt—sometimes for years—for a subset of applicants about whom the FBI had questions.

By contrast, estimates of the unauthorized population over time show a strong correlation with the business cycle in recent years. Although the data sources are flawed, they provide the most complete portrait currently possible.

From 2000 to 2008, the unauthorized population increased from an estimated 8.4 million to 11.9 million, or more than 40 percent, according to a recent Pew Hispanic Center report. This population grew each year except for 2001-2002 and 2007-2008.

Thus, the only two time periods since 2000 when the estimated unauthorized population in the United States did not increase have been the most recent recession and the current recession (though results for the latter could represent a slowdown in growth and therefore require cautious interpretation).

Border apprehensions data add support to the conclusion that illegal immigration is correlated with the business cycle. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Senior Economist Pia Orrenius observes that when a six-month lead is accounted for, fluctuations in migrant apprehensions along the Southwest border have closely tracked changes in U.S. labor demand since about the 2001 recession (see Figure 4).

Using survey data from interviews with immigrants in the Mexican state of Oaxaca and in San Diego County, California, political scientist Wayne Cornelius and colleagues reached a similar conclusion.

Figure 4. Border Apprehensions as a Function of U.S. Labor Demand, 1991 to 2008
Notes: Gray bars represent recessions (monthly). De-trended employment shifted six months. Apprehensions data correspond to the month indicated; employment data correspond to six months after the month indicated.
Source: Courtesy of Pia Orrenius, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. Data from: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics.

Additional Factors

In addition to changing demand for workers in the U.S. labor market, several other variables are contributing to the trends in immigration observed since the economic crisis began:

  • changing U.S. federal immigration enforcement policies and strategies, notably border enforcement and deportations
  • state laws targeting unauthorized immigrants and their employers
  • the economies of migrant-sending economies, especially Mexico and Central America
  • currency fluctuations in response to the business cycle
  • the intensity of anti-immigrant animus in many parts of the country

Here we explore the effects of enforcement policies and state laws, as well as Mexico's economy, in more depth.

Some observers have argued that increasingly strict enforcement of immigration laws is deterring illegal immigration and convincing some unauthorized migrants to return to their home countries. A recent study suggested that a significant drop in the number of less-educated Hispanic immigrants in the monthly CPS data, from summer 2007 to spring 2008, could be attributed in part to the economy and in part to enforcement.

DHS formally deported 319,382 immigrants in FY 2007—a record number and a 14 percent increase from 2006. That figure grew to about 361,000 in FY 2008 according to preliminary DHS reports.

In addition, DHS has conducted a steady stream of high-profile worksite raids, often arresting significant numbers of unauthorized workers for removal. Teams of immigration enforcement agents, in an initiative called the National Fugitive Operations Program (NFOP), have located growing numbers of noncitizens with outstanding orders of removal because of nonimmigration crimes, as well as unauthorized immigrants who happen to be in the same household or nearby.

At the same time, several states—most notably Arizona, Colorado, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and South Carolina—have enacted legislation designed to curb illegal immigration. Measures include mandating verification of employment eligibility and restricting eligibility for public services, among others.

Data are not yet available to show definitive trends, but anecdotal evidence from media reports suggests that some immigrants (both legal and unauthorized) are leaving states that have imposed strict immigration regulations.

It is not possible to identify the destinations of those who have left these states. Also, it is difficult to separate the effects of the economic crisis from those of much more stringent enforcement regimes and the unwelcoming environment that enforcement creates.

However, unless enforcement—both on the federal and state levels—is both intense and equally pursued across the country, state laws and selective enforcement strategies will probably first divert unauthorized immigrants to other destinations within the United States rather than induce return migration. They may also force unauthorized immigrants into increasingly informal and precarious employment situations and further isolate them from U.S. society.

In the context of a slowing economy, state laws and selective enforcement could also erode a state's attractiveness to businesses and encourage businesses to relocate to neighboring states.

Driving migration are both the economic climate in source countries and the prospect of employment in destination countries. The perception of a large "opportunity differential" leads many to migrate.

The forecast for Mexico's economy has been continually revised downward over recent months. In October 2008, the International Monetary Fund expected economic growth in Mexico to drop from 4.9 percent in 2006 to 1.8 percent in 2009.

By December 2008, the World Bank predicted economic growth to slow to 1.1 percent. More recently, the Bank of Mexico estimated the Mexican economy could contract by as much as 2 percent in 2009.

Historically, economic crises in Mexico have resulted in higher levels of migration to the United States.

In a study correlating apprehensions along the Southwest border with relative wages in the United States and Mexico, economists Gordon Hanson and Antonio Spilimbergo concluded that when wages in Mexico change relative to wages in the United States, apprehensions respond within the current month.

More precisely, they estimate that a 10 percent decrease in the Mexican real wage relative to the United States gives rise to at least a 6.4 to 8.7 percent increase in attempted illegal immigration.

Factors in Return Flows

Where the opportunity differential between sending and receiving countries remains large, return migration is typically seasonal, for investment or entrepreneurial activities, or for retirement.

The ease of circulation and the strength of attachments that migrants maintain with their countries of origin are also important variables that influence return migration.

Recent evidence from migration flows between Poland—which joined the European Union in 2004—and the United Kingdom and Ireland suggests that when job opportunities disappear in the country of destination, having the guaranteed right to return encourages circular movements.

This scenario may be less likely if the job market in the country of origin remains weak. The lack of widespread return among North and Sub-Saharan African immigrants in Spain, despite record unemployment, illustrates this point.

This analysis leaves many unanswered questions, in large part because there is relatively little systematic empirical work about the ways immigrants respond to business-cycle fluctuations, and because the United States faces a recession whose likely depth we have not experienced since the Great Depression.

In many ways it is inappropriate to compare the current crisis with the Great Depression. The United States and other advanced economies have an array of public- and private-sector tools and the financial wherewithal not available in the 1930s. Nonetheless, the most vulnerable may experience economic pain quite similarly.

While a severe economic downturn may not immediately appear to be the most opportune moment to address the chronic disconnect between the U.S. immigration system and its labor market, farsighted policymakers will recognize that the crisis may provide impetus toward creating a more nimble and thoughtful immigration system.

Borjas, George J. 2001. Does Immigration Grease the Wheels of the Labor Market? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1, March. Available online.

Camarota, Steven A. and Karen Jensenius. 2008. Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population. Washington, DC: Center for Immigration Studies. Available online.

Capps, Randy and Karina Fortuny. 2006. Immigration and Child and Family Policy. Paper prepared for the Urban Institute and Child Trends Roundtable on Children in Low-Income Families, January 12, 2006. Available online.

Capps, Randy, Karina Fortuny, and Michael E. Fix. 2007. Trends in the Low-Wage Immigrant Labor Force, 2000-2005. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Available online.

Cornelius, Wayne. 2005. Controlling 'Unwanted' Immigration: Lessons from the United States, 1993-2004. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (4): 775-794.

Government of Mexico. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. 2008. Hasta Agosto de 2008 Continúa la Tendencia Decreciente en la Emigración Internacional. Communication No. 270/08, Aguascalientes, Mexico, December 18, 2008. Available online.

Hanson, Gordon. 2007. The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration. Council on Foreign Relations, Council Special Report No. 26, April 2007. Available online.

Hanson, Gordon H. and Antonio Spilimbergo. 1999. Illegal Immigration, Border Enforcement, and Relative Wages: Evidence from Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico Border. American Economic Review 89 (5): 1337-1357.

Massey Douglas S., Jorge Durand, and Nolan J. Malone. 2003. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Papademetriou, Demetrios. 2004. The Shifting Expectations of Free Trade and Migration. In NAFTA's Promise and Reality: Lessons from Mexico for the Hemisphere. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available online.

Passel, Jeffrey S. 2006. The Size and Characteristics of the Unauthorized Migrant Population in the U.S.. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center. Available online.

Passel, Jeffrey S. and D'Vera Cohn. 2008. Trends in Unauthorized Immigration: Undocumented Inflow Now Trails Legal Inflow. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center. Available online.

Pollard, Naomi, Maria Latorre, and Dhananjaya Sriskandarajah. 2008. Floodgates or Turnstiles? Post-EU Enlargement Migration Flows to (and from) the UK. London: Institute for Public Policy Research. Available online.

Reyes, Belinda. 1997. Dynamics of Immigration: Return Migration to Western Mexico. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California. Available online.

Rodriguez, Cristina, Muzaffar Chishti, and Kimberly Nortman. 2007. Testing the Limits: Assessing the Legality of State and Local Immigration Measures. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Available online.

Saxenian, AnnaLee. 2006. The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1960. Historical Statistics of the United States, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Table available online.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2008. ICE Fugitive Operations Program. Fact Sheet, November 2008. Available online.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2008. Frequently Asked Questions About Worksite Enforcement. Fact Sheet, August 2008.

US Department of Homeland Security. 2008. Extending Period of Optional Practical Training by 17 Months for F-1 Nonimmigrant Students With STEM Degrees and Expanding Cap-Gap Relief for All F-1 Students with Pending H-1B Petitions. Federal Register 73 (68), April 8. Available online.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics. 2008. Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2007. Washington, DC: DHS. Available online.

Zhao,Yaohui. 2002. Causes and Consequences of Return Migration: Recent Evidence from China. Journal of Comparative Economics 30, no. 2 (June): 376-394.

Zúñiga Herrera, Elena, Paula Leite Neves, and Luis Acevedo Prieto. 2006. Mexico-United States Migration: Regional and State Overview Mexico, DF: Consejo Nacional de Población.


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MIIS Students Share Stories of Summer Adventures

Immersive learning is key to the Monterey Institute experience and for many students, summer is the time to test their newly acquired skills. For MIIS students this means assignments all over the world; you can now follow their adventures as they take classroom theory to the field on blogs.miis.edu/summer.

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Brinchang Evening Market

The Brinchang Night Market is a popular shopping attraction among visitors that occurs every Friday and Saturday in town, starting from 4pm and ending late night.

Kea Farm

Kea Farm is one of most popular shopping destinations in Cameron Highlands, located 3km after Brinchang town.


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From the campaign trail – Mindanaoan will post exclusive photos, kuwentos etc

Hello everyone! How is everyone doing? It’s been quite a while and I really hope all of you are in good health. Mindanaoan has been very busy as of late and this is due to the start of the nationwide campaign sorties. As you all know, the campaign period for the national positions began last February 9, 2010 and political parties have been so busy visiting various areas around the country.

Mindanaoan is a part of these nationwide tours.

This has actually got me thinking — perhaps it’s best if I also share my own experience straight from the campaign trail. What do you guys think? I was thinking of sharing exclusive photos, videos, kuwentos and other things that may prove to be interesting somehow for all of my readers.

I was thinking of sharing behind-the-scenes stuff. What do political candidates do to prepare themselves before a grand rally? What do they eat, talk about, think of?

What do candidates bring during travels? What are they like after a full day of campaigning — do they hang out with other candidates, with the staff, with the media? Do they swear?

Yep, I was thinking of sharing just about anything that may interest my readers.

Apart from hoping that this effort could lead to more blog subscribers (if you haven’t SUBSCRIBED yet, please SUBSCRIBE TO MINDANAOAN.COM NOW by clicking this. Thanks!), I’m also hoping that this could help people understand and see what it is like to be a part of a nationwide campaign. I’m hoping that through my posts here in, people will see another side of politics (hopefully the human side) and see if indeed what comes out in media reports/news reports jibe with what’s going on behind the scenes.

What do you guys think of this plan? Do let me know :)

In the meantime, I really hope that you guys can SUBSCRIBE TO MINDANAOAN right now. Please don’t forget to verify your email address by clicking on the link that’ll be sent to you. I’m counting on your support :) Thanks everyone!

And as a “patikim” for what’s to come here in, here’s a shot of Willie Revillame along with the Nacionalista Party slate during the NP grand rally in Mandaue over the weekend (roughly 100,000 people came):

wowowillie nacionalista party cebu rally

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Manhattan Island, Manhattan (New York Co.), New York City, New York, USA

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Manhattan Island covers by far the largest portion of the Borough of Manhattan (New York County), otherwise known to inhabitants of New York simply as "The City", the most densely populated of New York city's five boroughs.

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Changing of belts

Area martial artists train students in jiu-jitsu

April 27, 2013

Some of Minot’s more adept jiu-jitsu practitioners were recognized by Rener Gracie, who delivered a seminar April 17, at Minot’s ATA Martial Arts Academy....

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May-10-13 10:44 AM

Thanks Dan for writing this article on my son! ~Angie

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Pioneer Village seeks to move

August 24, 2013
ANDREA JOHNSON ( , Minot Daily News

Members of the Ward County Historical Society and various community leaders discussed on Thursday possible options for moving the Pioneer Village museum, either on the fairgrounds or to other locations.

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Woman dies in Dakotas with no propane to heat home

February 6, 2014
Minot Daily News

BISMARCK (AP) - Authorities on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in the Dakotas hope to know by the weekend whether a woman found dead in a mobile home with an empty propane tank died from the cold, as people nationwide struggle to stay warm due to a lack of affordable fuel.

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Jennifer Lopez 'stalker' arrested after he was found secretly living in her pool house

A man moved into the singer's property while she was away and was arrested by police for stalking and burglary

Getty Jennifer Lopez
Yay! I've got my house back!

Those who possess the fame often live a life of privilege - they're chauffeured around in posh cars, get to holiday in luxurious destinations and have a bank balance that is so massive it actually breaks the walls of the vaults where they store the cash.

But living a life in the public eye can also bring some negatives as the one they call Jennifer Lopez recently found out.

Jenny from the block left her, erm, rather lavish block in the Hamptons, New York earlier this month and a cheeky chap decided to set up camp in the pool house of her home while she was away.

Well, we can't really blame him because it is a pretty impressive mansion but J-Lo probably didn't want a complete stranger, who was actually identified by police as John Dubis, a 49-year-old man from Rhode Island, moving into her house.

Mario Sorrenti/W magazine Jennifer Lopez
Jennifer can do this now she has her house to herself again

And unsurprisingly, John's little adventure landed him in a bit of trouble as he was charged with burglary and criminal contempt as well as stalking and the possession of burglar tools.

However, there is a twist in the tale because during his appearance at Southampton Town Court after his arrest, he pleaded not guilty to the charges.

John has now been given some new accommodation in Suffolk County Jail and is due to return to Southampton Justice Court at a later date and is also set to undergo tests to determine if he is fit to continue with court proceedings.

It's pretty lucky Jen wasn't home at the time as she may have got quite a shock finding a complete stranger living in her home but she can now hopefully get back to enjoying her MASSIVE home which she bought in May this year for a reported £6.4 million.


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Robin Williams and his wife Susan Schneider were 'sleeping separately' when he died

The actor’s wife of three years went to bed and he was found in a separate room in their mansion

Robin Williams killed himself while his wife of three years, Susan Schneider, slept in a nearby bedroom, it was confirmed by the police.

The Hollywood actor was not discovered until the following morning by his personal assistant, after his wife had left the house to run some errands, believing her husband to still be asleep.

During a police press conference earlier today, Marin County sheriff's department Lieutenant Keith Boyd, said that Williams had been last seen at around 10.30pm on Sunday night by his third wife Susan at their home before she went to bed.

Robin Williams Live stream Grab

It was not confirmed by the police that it was a normal arrangement for the couple to sleep separately, but the Lt. Boyd said that Williams’ wife did not know what time the actor had gone to bed, and his body was discovered in a separate room in the house.

Schneider returned to the family home shortly after emergency personnel arrived at the house, where they pronounced Williams dead at 12:02 local time. Police officials said that Schneider was made aware of the actor’s death prior to returning to their home.

Police would not confirm if a suicide note was found at the scene, but did say they were carrying out a toxicology report for which results could take up to six weeks.

Following her tragic loss, Schneider paid loving tribute to her ''husband and my best friend" - as her superstar partner was found dead.

She said: “This morning, I lost my husband and my best friend, while the world lost one of its most beloved artists and beautiful human beings.

“I am utterly heartbroken. On behalf of the Robin’s family, we are asking for privacy during our time of profound grief.

Getty Zelda Williams

“As he is remembered, it is our hope the focus will not be on Robin’s death, but on the countless moments of joy and laughter he game to millions."

Robin Williams' daughter Zelda has paid tribute to her father in a touching Instagram post.

The 25-year-old actress shared a quote from Antonie De Saint-Exuprery's book The Little Prince with her 40, 087 followers.

"You - you alone will have the stars as no one else has them... In one of the stars I shall be living. In one of them I shall be laughing.

"And so it will be as if all the stars were laughing, when you look at the sky at night... You - only you - will have the stars that can laugh."

She followed the quote with: "I love you. I miss you. I'll try to keep looking up. Z."

While the actor's very last Instagram post was a picture with Zelda.

He posted this touching message to his daughter alongside a black and white photo of the pair of them together.

"#tbt and Happy Birthday to Ms. Zelda Rae Williams! Quarter of a century old today but always my baby girl. Happy Birthday  @zeldawilliams  Love you!"

Williams was found dead in at his home after apparently committing suicide. The star was 63.

An investigation into the cause and circumstances of the death is currently underway by the Investigations and Coroner Divisions of the Sheriff’s Office, officials said.

“Robin Williams passed away this morning," his publicist said in a statement. “He has been battling severe depression of late.

“This is a tragic and sudden loss. The family respectfully asks for their privacy as they grieve during this very difficult time.”

For the latest updates and reaction, follow our live blog here.


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Loose Woman Zoe Tyler: My pain at losing womb and chance for more children

Former Loose Women star Zoe Tyler tells how having a hysterectomy affected her emotionally and physically

Zoe Tyler and fiance Angus Kindley
Love: Former Loose Woman Zoe Tyler and husband Angus Kindley

Vocal coach and former Loose Woman Zoe Tyler was in so much pain she needed a hysterectomy. Here Zoe, 43, who married Angus Kindley, 52 in 2012 and has a son, Jake from a previous relationship tells how the operation changed her life.

Having a hysterectomy was always at the back of my mind, but it was something I hoped I would never have to do.

So, as I lay on the hospital bed, waiting to be anaesthetised four weeks ago, I was surprised at the only thing I had to say to my surgeon: “Please try to save my ovaries if you can.”

I don’t know why it was so important to me – it just came out of nowhere. Perhaps it was the fear of losing every last bit of my womanhood that did it. Maybe it was because just months earlier I was sure I had ovarian cancer.

Either way, as I was taken down to theatre, it was a bittersweet feeling that gave way to the general anaesthetic.

The 20 fibroids, or non-cancerous tumours, which had been growing in my womb and making my life hell for a year, would finally be gone. But then so would my chances of becoming a mother again.

Of course, I’d heard the horror stories – not least from my own mum, who had the same procedure almost 30 years before I was taken into The Portland Hospital in Central London, for mine.

Graham Young/BPM
Blessed: Zoe and Jake

She told how she had struggled with the physical pain and the weakness that followed a hysterectomy.

“You can’t even lift a kettle to make a cup of tea,” other women who’d had the op told me. “You’ll be in bed for weeks.”

Then there was the fear of losing my womb – my chance of having more children. But at least I was having a hysterectomy, not fighting cancer.

At one point I hadn’t been so sure. When the symptoms started last summer, I had a feeling that something was very wrong. At first it was just heavy periods, which would make me bloat and cause me to feel pain like I’d never known before.

Then gradually I started to notice unusual bleeding in between my cycle, which I knew could be a symptom of both ovarian and cervical cancer.

To begin with I tried not to worry but soon I was in so much pain that my periods became unbearable. I was losing about three notes from my singing range because it was so bad. My body would swell up, I was miserable and in pain.

When I told my husband, Angus, we didn’t even need a discussion. We just looked at each other and said, ‘It can’t be happening again’. Angus had lost his first wife to breast cancer and we were worried history was repeating itself. He’d been through the horrors of getting a negative prognosis, the ups and downs of treatment and the final devastation of loss.

When I went for that first scan we were both terrified. Thankfully, what was found wasn’t cancer, but around 20 fibroids – a common problem in women my age.

PA Loose Women
Loose Women: Andrea McLean, Denise Welch, Zoe Tyler, Coleen Nolan and Kate Thornton

I was hugely relieved that it wasn’t something more serious, but I quickly realised that the fibroids were going to be harder to deal with than I had thought.

Then I heard that word – ‘hysterectomy’. At first, I tried to avoid surgery. I stopped taking the pill, which worked to begin with because it altered my hormones.

The abnormal bleeding stopped and I was able to carry on with my life. But at the end of last year, the doctor suggested that the only solution was to have the op because the fibroids weren’t shifting.

The doctor told me my womb was far too swollen for keyhole surgery, so I had to prepare for a full intrusive operation. I knew I had to bite the bullet, so I cleared my diary and booked myself in. It was terrifying.

And that was when I suddenly found myself with a deep urge to retain something of my womanhood – my ovaries.

Thankfully, when I came around, the surgeon told me he had been able to save them. I am due to appear in Godspell In Concert at the Lyric Theatre in London on May 19,and my friends visited to help speed up my recovery.

My fellow former Loose Women co-presenter Carol McGiffin came to see me the day after the operation and cheered me up. TV chef Rustie Lee came on the second day and I could hear her before I saw her – I would know that voice anywhere!

I was in hospital over Valentine’s Day, which was a bit miserable, but Dancing On Ice judge Jason Gardiner came to cheer me up and brought me Valentine’s cupcakes.

While he was visiting, a doctor came in to make some observations and Jason said: ‘I’ve got some observations for you – she needs a bloody good haircut and some mascara!’

I was grateful to be alive, but when I left hospital I couldn’t stop my emotions taking over. Out of nowhere I just started crying about the fact that I wouldn’t be having any more children.

I didn’t think it would affect me like that, but somehow it did. It was so final. I had my ovaries so I wouldn’t hit the menopause overnight and need HRT, but I would never be a mum again and that was hard.

I always said that I was done with motherhood after having Jake, but when someone takes the opportunity away from you, it’s really tough.

I had a cry about it but I have to realise that my health comes first. I’m blessed to have the son I have. Jake has been amazing, helping to look after me.

Plus, I can now look forward to a new life where the monthly agony and bloating won’t be a problem. It has been a long and scary journey and I am still a bit uncomfortable, but I’m here and that’s what matters.

  • Zoe is appearing in Godspell In Concert at the Lyric Theatre in London on May 19. For more information and tickets, go to godspellinconcert.com


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Devastating in attack, Liverpool have taken huge strides under Brendan Rodgers this term

Miguel Delaney was impressed with the Reds' win over Arsenal, and feels they could be on track for a title challenge in the near future

Michael Regan
Deadly: Luis Suarez and Daniel Sturridge have been in impeccable form

The one thing you can say for certain is that, against Liverpool on Wednesday, Fulham are going to need more than defensive heading ability to claim a positive result. A lot more.

Rather than taking on what has become one of the most predictable teams in Manchester United, they are facing one of the most imaginative.

They are certainly taking on one of the most outrageously inventive players.

If Luis Suarez is still obviously a level or two below Leo Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo as a whole, and arguably not as ‘economic’ as Sergio Aguero or Robin van Persie in the Premier League, the Uruguayan certainly looks the globe’s most exciting player in terms of attempting the unexpected.

In doing so, he has also come to condition and thereby personify this Liverpool team. They are, at the minute, a joy to watch.

There have clearly been better sides over the last decade of the Premier League, and there are at least two better this season, but it’s difficult to think of too many with attacks that had just so many players capable of dribbling to such a high level at such a high speed. It makes for some devastating play, and devastating results.

For all the praise Manchester City have rightfully received this season, their failure to score in two consecutive games should put deserved focus on Liverpool’s play. Brendan Rodgers’s side have scored 63 goals in 25 games, making them the seventh most prolific team since 1945.

Even more importantly, of course, that return has translated into some resounding victories. The wins over Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal were, along with Chelsea’s win at Manchester City and City’s over Arsenal, two of the season’s absolute standout performances.

There is also a deeper point here. Before the season began, when Liverpool’s entire progress under Rodgers looked in much more doubt, their main rivals for that fourth Champions League place were considered to be Spurs, Arsenal and Everton. The Reds have now not just beaten all three teams. They have utterly thrashed them, all while leaving many other teams in their slipstream.

Talk about a statement. On Saturday at Anfield, Liverpool stormed Arsenal. They were like a pack of wolves, ravenously pouncing every touch, forcing so many errors and breaks. It rendered all of the qualities of Arsene Wenger’s side irrelevant. In December, even before that, Liverpool simply blew Spurs away.

It should also be noted that, in two of those games - not to mention the early 1-0 win over Manchester United - the key first goal came from an orthodox set-piece. That gave Liverpool the platform to play as they wished, but also indicates impressive evolution from Rodgers.

It isn’t that long ago, after all, that he was accused of frustrating fundamentalism in terms of possession. It is even less time since Arsenal themselves completely outmanoeuvred Liverpool, in November’s win.

John Powell
Ever learning: Rodgers has coaxed some super performances from his Liverpool side this term

Rodgers has clearly learned, adjusted and improved. While the mere presence of Suarez - and the manner in which he occupies so many defenders - has probably made Liverpool look further along as a collective than they actually are, the clear input of manager should not be discounted.

None of those three games were simply a case of letting excellent attackers play, or expecting that possession would condition games. It was quite the opposite.

In the Everton and Arsenal games, in particular, Rodgers ceded possession and set the perfect trap. Suarez, Daniel Sturridge and Raheem Sterling absolutely revelled in the ample space from when they on the ball.

The approach has lifted Liverpool to an exciting new level. Taking the next step, and genuinely challenging for the title, will be about how Rodgers himself reacts to the next response.

It isn’t going to be too long until opposition sides realise that going at Liverpool in the manner Everton and Arsenal did is absolutely the wrong way to approach their attack.

The more Liverpool score, the more they’re going to inevitably encounter sides who sit back deep or try and figure out ways to frustrate them.

There was already a glimpse of it in Chelsea’s game with them. That will be telling.

Tonight, they will face a different kind of test. After Chelsea slipping up at West Brom, there is a genuine chance for Liverpool to properly force themselves into this title race.

It's hard not to see them dismantling Fulham, but now they must do it with something on the line; with that extra element of pressure. It's suddenly a big night for them.

How that plays out is difficult to predict - but not as much as Suarez’s exhilarating play.


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Jan 15 2013

News - LG @ CES 2013

LG CES 2013

If you follow displays, you already know that there were myriad UHD and OLED TVs at CES 2013. LG had both, but they had one over on all the other OEMs because they are the only ones that can claim to be shipping 1080p OLED displays. Now they haven't made there way over here yet (should be in March sometime), but you can buy one in Korea right now if you have the cash.

Dec 28 2012

News - LG Hecto Laser Projector

Speaking of CES, LG has pipped themselves a bit with the announcement of their upcoming HECTO projector. While another DLP based laser projector is cool, it's not really newsworthy until discovering that this one can create a 100' 1080p display from just 22" (yes less than two feet) away from the screen. We'll make sure to swing by their booth at CES and check this guy out.

Hit up Engadget for the the PR.

Oct 26 2012

News - Samsung and LG May Delay 55" OLED TVs Until Late 2013, LG Still Prepping $20,000 4K TV

Samsung and LG both made a splash at CES 2012 with 55" OLED TVs that they planned on bringing to market by the end of this year. Unfortunately, it sounds like both companies might be pushing off these new sets until late in 2013. Evidently the two companies have been squabbling over engineers and run into production issues that are slowing down the transition of their manufacturing facilities.

Samsung and LG, the two electronics makers who promised us these exciting, mind-rotting devices, are said to be having worse-than-expected difficulties manufacturing the sets.

This would seem to be a particularly unfortunate setback for Samsung, given the company's public push to move away from LCD manufacturing to focus on OLED and the growing interest in 4K, or UHDTV, at the high-end of the market from companies that have continued to focus on LCD. LG can at least console itself by capitalizing on the latter trend with plans for a relatively inexpensive 4K LCD TV.

Sony's gorgeous 84-inch 4k TV costs an eye-watering $25,000. Now LG has announced the price of its contender and it's cheaper—but you could still buy a car for less.

Oct 06 2012

News - 4K HDTVs Predicted to Represent Less Than 1% of TV Shipments Through 2017

Our own Andrew van Til recently scoffed at the notion of debating the merits of OLED vs 4K TVs and trying to decide which one is more worthy of holding out for. It would appear that the folks at IHS iSuppli Research would probably agree. IHS is predicting that 4K TVs will represent an exceedingly small part of the market over the next five years, only reaching 0.8% of all TV shipments in 2017. The central thrust of IHS's argument is that the LCD-based 4K TVs creeping into the market right now exist only so that manufacturers can stake a claim on the nosebleed edge of the premium market. In order for 4K to go mainstream, not only will consumers need to be convinced of the benefits, but new technology is going to be necessary to reduce costs. IHL predicts that will require AMOLED panels, but LG and Smasung continue to struggle to make large AMOLED panels and Japanese firms are scrambling to find a competitive technology to match AMOLED. By the time the behind-the-scenes manufacturing details get worked out for these companies and their 4K offerings, standard OLED screens will probably have already had their make-or-break day in the market and everyone will already be turning their attention to what will come next.

The 4K television segment recently has garnered attention with Sony Corp. announcing an 84" 4K LCD-TV priced at $25 000. LG Electronics also launched an 84" LCD-TV for $20 000. Toshiba Corp. is offering a 55" model priced at $10 000. Chinese brands Hisense and Konka have also announced that they will launch 84" 4K TV-sets this year. However, IHS believes that neither consumers nor television brands will have the interest required to make the 4K LCD-TV market successful.

X-bit Labs

Oct 05 2012

News - Rhapsody Aims for Smart TVs with Panasonic, LG, and Samsung

Microsoft isn't the only company looking to conquer the living room with a streaming music service this month. Rhapsody has been quite prolific, developing apps for just about every mobile device ecosystem one can think of, but now the company is looking to engage consumers in their living rooms. Rhapsody has announced that their music app is now available for Smart TVs from Panasonic, LG, and Samsung, with Sharp and the Xbox 360 to come later. This is an unusually diverse mix of Smart TV platforms to launch on simultaneously, so one would assume that the app is pretty similar across the board, but it probably won't mirror the online and mobile device experiences, but will instead serve to complement those experiences. It sounds like the Smart TV version of Rhapsody will be focused more on the company's streaming and subscription service rather than on purchasing individual tracks in the music store. This includes highlighting a radio version of the Rhapsody service that selects songs and editor-curated playlists based on music preferences, a move that suggests that Rhapsody isn't content competing with Spotify and wants to take on Pandora on its turf as well.

 Rhapsody on Smart TVs

Rhapsody's music service is turning your living room into a jukebox, announcing today that its music app is now available on LG, Panasonic, and Samsung Smart TVs.

Though the company provided few details about what the Rhapsody TV app will entail, it said that the technology has been optimized for convenience, fast playback, and a rich visual interface maximized by high-definition displays.

PC Magazine

--Press Release After the Break--

Oct 04 2012

News - LG Google TV Reviewed

 LG G2 Google TV

Google entered the new year with big plans for Google TV. The platform was moving from Intel Atom chips to ARM SoCs, Sony was returning as a hardware partner and throughout the year the list of manufactures kept growing as companies like Vizio, LG, and Hisense announced Google TV products. Although standalone boxes dominate the scene for media streamers, Google TV has, from the beginning, pushed to be added to manufacturers' TV sets. LG is one company that has taken Google up on this offer. The LG G2 Google TV is a 47" LCD TV with an edge-lit LED 1080p panel. It sports the usual collection of connections including HDMI, component, and RGB, but no doubt LG anf Google are hoping you will have little use for these connections as the star of the show is the integrated Google TV. Now, one could go melodramatic and point out that building your media streamer right into the TV may mean no separate box is necessary, but it also means putting your faith in the manufacturer to not only have a great media streamer, but also a great TV, because there is no going back. Obviously there is nothing to stop one from simply adding another, better media streamer, but if the comapnies responsible for the LG G2 Google TV can get both sdes of the equation right, then they might have a winner. I'm feeling pretty good about LG upholding their end of the deal.

All second generation Google TV devices would move to ARM silicon, including SoCs from Marvell (long a player in the video silicon space) and a surprise entrant, LG. Korea’s LG would also play a role in a big software change for Google TV, the first skinned implementation. Skins over Android are rarely something to get excited over, and can often be a detriment to performance, but the reality was that the bar was so low with Google TV that anything that could inch it up would be considered a blessing.

Aug 31 2012

News - LG Announces Smart TV Game Portal, Expands Smart TV Alliance

LG Game World

LG continues to make waves in the Smart TV arena. Earlier this week, the company announced their new Smart TV game portal called Game World. Game World will provide a central app interface for purchasing and launching free and premium games on LG Smart TVs. LG is planning on limiting the selection of games in Game World to family friendly and casual games, some of which are being designed exclusively for LG and the LG Magic Remote motion sensing remote control. In addition, some of the games will be available in 3D.

LG will initially offer games in the action, adventure, arcade, puzzle, RPG, shooter, simulation, sports, and strategy categories. The company didn't mention any specific titles in its announcement, though the promo image suggests Air Penguin 3D, Shadowgun, Cut the Rope, Plants & Zombies, and Frisbee Forever will be part of the lineup.

PC World

Smart TV AllianceWhile Game World will be exclusive to LG Smart TVs, the company is continuing to work on developing cross-platform Smart TV apps as part of the Smart TV Alliance that LG and Philips parent company, TP Vision, announced a couple of months ago. Since that initial announcement, the Smart TV Alliance has added a number of members, including Toshiba and Qualcomm. The first cross-platform apps from Accuweather and Vilanoise, along with other apps being developed by Obigo, should be available for Smart TV Alliance member sets in September. This initial wave of apps are being developed with the Alliance SDK 1.0, but the SDK 2.0 specifications are expected to be published to the Smart TV Alliance website later this year in anticpation of being used to support 2013 sets from Alliance members. Admittedly, even combined, the manufacturers represented by the Smart TV Alliance do not add up to a single Samsung, but it seems like the Smart TV Alliance has gotten off to a good start.

The Smart TV Alliance consisting of LG and TP Vision (Philips) is still hammering away at its dream of platform-independent Smart TV apps, and as IFA 2012 gets under way it has a few new announcements. After promising Japanese manufacturers would join back in June it has welcomed Toshiba to the fold, as well as other supporters like Qualcomm, Mstar, Onigo and YuMe.

Jun 21 2012

News - LG and TP Vision Establish Smart TV Alliance for Cross-Platform Apps

Smart TV Alliance

Every major TV manufacturer is trying to build a Smart TV platform these days, each with their own app store and development tools. The reality is that, for the most part, all of these manufacturers are looking to provide the same apps and access to the same connected services, so it seems silly that we should have all these different versions of the same apps, each with their own look and feel for consumers to adjust to, and each designed on a different SDK that developers have to work with. LG and TP Vision, the company that purchased the TV unit of Philips, have a plan to change things and have formed the Smart TV Alliance to promote cross-platform apps for Smart TVs. The goal is enlist TV manufacturers interested in creating a common development environment that will enable a write once-play anywhere system for developers and greater app interface consistency for consumers. There are rumors that other companies might get involved, but unfortunately,  I can think of a couple of TV manufacturers who are likely to see maintaining their exclusive platforms as the key to maintaining their early leads in the Smart TV market.

Upgrading to a Smart TV is the next step. Check out Richer Sounds for the latest models and deals.

Philips and LG have activated their Smart TV Alliance today with the intention of creating apps that work across internet televisions built by different manufacturers.

The partnership was first announced back at IFA 2011 when LG and TP Vision (for Philips TVs) promised more details in due course, including the names of other television makers getting involved.

May 07 2012

News - LG Set to Release Google TV Sets in Late May

LG Google TV

Google was looking to give their Google TV platform a boost at CES this year and at least one new hardware manufacturer pledging their support was LG. In particular, LG was showing off a Google TV-powered smart TV along with a special version of the motion-sensitive LG Magic Remote Control with a QWERTY keyboard. It has been a few months, but LG is finally ready to try selling their Google TV sets later this month. The new TVs will reportedly be available for sale the week of May 21. There are no firm details on how extensive LG's lineup will be or on pricing, but it does sound like we can expect multiple models. Google TV seemed ready to gain some momentum with the announcement of Google TV 2.0 and with a strong showing at CES, but the delay in bringing that new hardware to market has quieted the buzz considerably, so it will be interesting to see if LG's new hardware actually attracts any attention in the mainstream.

The executive didn’t reveal any details relating to screen sizes or pricing, although according to PC World, the South Korean firm has previously said that its Google TV-powered lineup would include LG Cinema 3D displays between 55 and 84 inches (diagonal), a 3D conversion engine that can turn any 2D TV show or movie into a 3D spectacle, and an LG Magic Remote including a QWERTY keyboard.

Jan 14 2012

News - Google and LG Possible Looking at Special Collaboration for Google TV

LG and Google TV

Google TV made a big splash at CES this year, adding new manufacturers to its list of supporters, including LG. Now comes word that LG may not just be working on adding Google TV to one of their TVs, but is in talks with Google to receive early access to the next version of Google TV. The agreement would be similar to deals that Google had with HTC and then Samsung for the Nexus line of Android smartphones which Google holds up as the reference design for the platform. Presumably the idea would be to establish LG's implementation of Google TV as the reference design for that platform. It would also be an opportunity for both companies to establish a relationship that might help the companies better compete against Samsung, who is already the largest TV manufacturer in the world and rapidly building mindshare with its Smart TV platform.

One of the concerns that arose with Google's Nexus smartphone project was that it might alienate other manufacturers who were developing phones using Android, which at the time was still largely unproven in the market. If Google and LG do forge a deal, it seems likely that we will see similar concerns about Google TV. Given the way that Android sales have turned out, can Google and LG ward off criticism or is the TV market fundamentally different?

Google Inc. (GOOG) is considering giving LG Electronics Inc. (066570)first access to the next version of its Google TV software so the Korean company can build a compatible set, according to two people with knowledge of the project.

The partnership would be similar to the arrangement Google has had with Samsung Electronics Co. (005930) and HTC Corp. to create Nexus handsets for the Android operating system, said the people, who declined to be identified because the talks aren’t public.

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20 December 2012

christmas is in the air!

after months and months, we finally got the living room curtains hung! i swear they look better in person.

question: do you say curtains or drapes? i have always thought that the term drapes was overly fussy and formal, so i just say curtains, but is there a difference, or is it just a matter of opinion?

last sunday, i had some lovelies over for a holiday brunch (mcw, mermaid and i do declare, along with miss ax who no longer blogs). we had a blast. yummy food and hours of girltalk. we devoured the crab quiche. it was a hit. highlights from the party: the boy, who does not understand that he is supposed to leave home or stay scarce during a girl party. he kept popping in to eavesdrop and join in on the conversation. mcw did not disappoint him by providing many salacious stories.

here's my table. i love all my holiday tartans

my grandmother brought me the adorable elephant place card holders from a trip to india a few years ago.

our house is finally decked for christmas. we found a perfect tall and skinny tree. i always get a fraser fir. our space is pretty tight, so a full tree never works. we lucked out this time and didn't have to do any pruning of the tree once we got her inside. she wedged perfectly into place.

now that my tree is up and i've got my first holiday party of the season under my belt, i am in a christmas spirit!

MCW said...

I think the tree fits perfectly there!

I love your house. It's so cozy. I say curtains as well.

I think IDC and her mention of beaver had A in stitches as well.

MCW said...

Um. My address at my parent's was just the number for the word verification. Creepy.

Nat said...

Love the table setting and your Christmas tree! Sounds like it was a fun brunch :)

I Do Declare said...

I say curtains. Sometimes window treatments.

I'm making your quiche soon - SO yum! Thanks again!

Kathy said...

You have done a wonderful job on your home! It looks so warm and inviting. I call them curtains

Landlocked Mermaid said...

I love that house ! It is soo homey! I always say drapes when it is something heavy with backing and more formal. but that is what my mom always said. Curtains to me are more light and what you have in the kitchen .. But yours look amazing as usual. I love you and those girls xoxo and THE BOY xoox

Elizabeth said...

Love the table!!

Jenna said...

I also say "curtains" for the same reasons as you! They look beautiful. That pattern is perfect, and the color of the wall looks great with it!

Gorgeous Christmas decorations (totally unsurprising!).

Your grandmother brought back those elephant placeholders from India? WHY is your entire family so posh and cool?! :)

lori carolina said...

Boys ... always buttin' their heads where they don't belong.
I call them drapes, unless they're short, like cafe curtains, them I call them curtains. But what do I know?! Either way, they're gorgeous and you did a great job! Really like your table runner!

Thirkellgirl said...

I just wanted to let you know that you were wonderful in your comment on "Muffy's" blog post today. Thank you. Lol.

ygporky said...

Looks great u need to keep blogging though


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Creative Workshop Watercolor & Acrylic

by North Light

25 fun painting exercises that include both watercolor and acrylic. Includes a 30 minute bonus DVD on painting watercolor on YUPO. Author: Mark Mehaffey. 128pp., 8.5x11 paperback. ISBN: 9781440322549

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Porcelain Mixing Dish

by Yasutomo

Made of heavyweight Japanese porcelain. Indispensable tool and can be used with most media. Easy to clean. Eight-section paint tray measures 5 1/4 in. in diameter and 1/2 in. deep.

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by Yasutomo

Average User Rating: Based on (3 Reviews)

5 3

Dan P. from St. Charles, IL says:

The porcelain base of the Yasutomo mixing dish allows me to keep each mixing chamber perfectly clean after mixing Marshall photo dyes.

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Rated by: Dan P. in St. Charles, IL
The porcelain base of the Yasutomo mixing dish allows me to keep each mixing chamber perfectly clean after mixing Marshall photo dyes.
Rated by: Tobias H. in Bronx, NY
This palette is superb for mixing a range of tempera tones following the techniques of Daniel Thompson. Nine is a perfect number for fine work. The porcelain is easy to clean, even if the egg tempera hardens.
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I picked 2 of these up for use in painting pewter miniatures. I paint with all acrylics, and the segmented dishes really make it easy to mix several colors at once even when watered down to get blending right. Clean-up is easy and complete leaving no stains behind. I highly recommend.

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Metallic Foil Board

by Hygloss

Super shiny foil with paper backing. Cuts, fold, pastes with ease. 10 point card stock. Acid and lignin free. Perfect for arts and crafts projects, decorating, memory albums, and scrapbooking. Project sheets inside each pack. Packs of 10 sheets.

Packs of gold and silver contain five each of gold and silver. Packs of assorted colors contain two each of gold, silver, red, green, and blue.

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Metallic Foil Board

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Average User Rating: Based on (9 Reviews)

5 9

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Product and company were recommended by a friend. She was right. Paper and service are outstanding. This foilboard is great for background on stamping layerewd cards.

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What is the color of the backing of these sheets?

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Rated by: Barbara S. in Hopewell Jct, NY
Product and company were recommended by a friend. She was right. Paper and service are outstanding. This foilboard is great for background on stamping layerewd cards.
Rated by: Patsy C. in Pekin, IN
This foil board is very shiny and of exceptional quality. It is great to showcase special scrapbook photos.
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I'm delighted to find such a nice product, this is lovely stuff. It shears and folds well, for making cards, envelopes and such. My granddaughter-equivalent girls will have great fun with the beautiful colors--and I'm sure the gold and silver sheets will be turned into many impressive royal crowns.
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This is the perfect stock for cardmaking! It's heavy enough to form a lovely card and the inside of the card is white, for easier card writing. Most importantly, this stock is SHINY!! That's the most important quality, as far as I'm concerned!
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This paper is very mirror-like and sturdy. It's great for many craft projects!
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I had to search for foil board and couldn't find it anywhere except MisterArt.com. I used it for my son's birthday party to make knight masks and they turned out wonderfully. thank you.
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The paper is great quality, very shiny and beautiful. Now if only this product was available in pastel colors too...!
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I used these to make kaleidoscopes with kids, and they were a great success. It's like a bendable mirror!

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Aramark Ltd in Rosyth, Dunfermline

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Sailing Head Coach Matt Lindblad Captures International One Design World Championship

Head coach Matt Lindblad, Richard Feeny, Jonathan Farrar, Bill Widnall '58, and Riley Schutt '09

FISHERS ISLAND, N.Y. – MIT sailing head coach Matt Lindblad along with former team captain Bill Widnall '58 and Riley Schutt '08 won the International One Design (IOD) 2013 World Championship hosted by Fishers Island Yacht Club last week. The contingent, which also included Jonathan Farrar and Richard Feeney, captured the title with a one-point edge and was three points ahead of the third-place boat.

Teams qualify from fleets around the world to compete in the annual event. Representatives of the Marblehead, Mass. fleet, Lindblad's team squared off against a 10-boat field that featured many former world champions. In the 10 rotations that were held, the IOD champions won the eighth race, finished second on three occasions, and secured the crown with a third-place performance in the last outing.

"We had a phenomenal team that battled all the way through the event against great competition," said Lindblad. "Jonathan, Richard, and Riley made all the difference to Bill and I."


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Bingham Selected to NSCAA All-New England First Team

Junior Sean Bingham

KANSAS CITY, Kan. Sophomore Sean Bingham (Garden City, N.Y.) was named to the 2013 NCAA Division III Men's Soccer All-New England first team, as announced by the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) on Monday morning. As a freshman last season, he was selected to the second team.

Bingham played in and started 19 games, scoring 21 goals and three assists for 45 points. He not only led the team in goals and points, but was first in the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) in both categories and ended the season ranked fifth in the nation in goals. He also broke the MIT record for goals and points in a season. At the conclusion of the NEWMAC Tournament, Bingham was named the conference's Athlete of the Year, earning a spot on the All-Conference first team.

After remaining undefeated in league action, the Engineers earned the regular season title for the first time in a decade and the right to host the 2013 NEWMAC Tournament. Tech advanced over Coast Guard in penalty kicks in the semifinals, 5-4, but fell to Wheaton in the finals, 1-0. Receiving an at-large bid to NCAAs and making its fourth national appearance in program history, MIT was defeated by Western New England, 2-0, in the first round, ending the season with a record of 13-5-2. The Cardinal and Gray remained undefeated in an impressive 12 consecutive games, winning or tying each game from Sept. 21 through Nov. 9. For guiding the team to such a successful season, Mike Singleton was named the NEWMAC Coach of the Year for the first time in his career.