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The Kansas City Chiefs last played in the Super Bowl 50 years ago, famously defeating the Minnesota Vikings 23-7 in New Orleans at Tulane Stadium, which no longer exists.

What follows are three unconnected Mississippi stories you hopefully will find interesting from that fourth Super Bowl:

• Jacksonian Noland Smith, famously nicknamed “Super Gnat” and one of the most exciting kick returners in the history of the sport, has a Super Bowl championship ring from that game, even though he was no longer a Kansas City Chief when it was played.

• Madison resident Jim Walker is the proud owner of two perfectly preserved 45-yard-line tickets from that game. The tickets were never used.

Rick Cleveland

• Super Bowl IV was the only Super Bowl my late mother, Carrie Cleveland, ever attended. But I am not certain she actually watched a single play.

And so we begin with Super Gnat. You look at Noland Smith and you wonder how in the world this man could have played professional football. He stands 5-feet-6 inches short. He weighs only a few pounds over his playing weight of 154 pounds. He is now 76 years old, retired after putting in 44 years working for the city of Jackson’s recreation department.

Noland Smith: A little guy who could fly.

Smith was one of the tiniest players in pro football history. “It has been written that I was the smallest to have played,” he said over a cup of coffee earlier this week. “I can’t say for sure.”

Again, it is hard to imagine one smaller. But Smith was a pocket rocket. He could fly. His high school (Brinkley) and college (Tennessee State) nickname was “Jet.” He once ran a 9.4 100-yard dash. He could change directions quicker than you can bat an eye.

Lamar Hunt, the Chiefs’ owner, gave him the nickname that stuck. “He looks like a gnat out there among all those giants,” Hunt said. “Let’s call him Super Gnat.”

In those pre-integration days, Smith had signed with Jackson State after his senior season at Brinkley. But then Jackson State coach John Merritt hired on at Tennessee State and Smith followed. He was a sensation at Tennessee State, where, by chance, legendary Kansas City Chiefs coach Hank Stram happened to see him play in a spring intra-squad game. Stram had gone to look at three other Tennessee State players. He came away much more impressed by Smith. At Stram’s insistence, the Chiefs drafted him in the sixth round of the 1967 draft.

Smith was an instant hit. In his first preseason game, the first time he touched the ball, he returned a punt 86 yards for a touchdown. He wore jersey number 46 in that game, the same number he had worn at Tennessee State.

When he went to his locker for the next game, he found jersey No. 1.

“What’s this?” he asked the equipment man.

“Mr. Hunt wants you to wear No. 1,” the guy replied.

Smith took that as a good sign. Of course the KC publicity guy had a different spin. He told reporters that No. 1 was the only number that would fit on Smith’s jersey.

Whatever, Smith led the league in kickoff return yards and average as a rookie, returning one kickoff a record 106 yards for a touchdown. He was also a terror on punt returns and also played as a backup wide receiver. He continued to dazzle in 1968, averaging a league-leading 15 yards per punt return and returning one 80 yards for a score, while also continuing as a kickoff return ace.

Two factors derailed Smith in 1969, Kansas City’s Super Bowl Championship season. One, the NFL then had a 40-man roster limit (as opposed to 53 now), which left little room for return specialists. Two, he suffered a dangerous injury in a game against Cincinnati when he was “clothes-lined” by an opponent on a punt return, breaking facial bones and causing him to have triple vision in his left eye.

It’s hard enough to catch a punt when men nearly twice your size are barreling down the field aiming to maim you. But try doing it when you look up and see three footballs.

Not long afterward, the Chiefs traded Smith to the San Francisco 49ers at mid-season. Thus, he wasn’t there for the Chiefs’ Super Bowl run.

Rick Cleveland

Noland Smith displays his Super Bowl ring. Credit: Rick Cleveland

When the Chiefs did make the Super Bowl, Smith could have gone to the game. He was back in Kansas City by then, working at his off-season job at a beer distributorship. But the owner of the company was putting on a big Super Bowl party and asked Smith to come schmooze with his guests. And he did that.

Yes, Smith says, he pulled for his former teammates, many of whom remain his pals to this day.

“We really were like a family with the Chiefs,” he said. “We did everything together, not just football. When I got to the 49ers it was so different. You didn’t see each other except at practice. The Chiefs were family.”

Rick Clevleand

This is the box that holds Smith’s Super Bowl ring, tie clip, cuff links and necklace. Credit: Rick Clevleand

And the Chiefs rewarded their Super Gnat for his role in the championship season. He received not only his Super Bowl ring, but Super Bowl cuff links, a tie clasp and necklace, all replete with diamonds. He also received half a winner’s share for the KC victory, which amounted to $7,500.

That was a lot of money for someone who was making the league minimum salary ($12,000 at the time).

That turned out to be Smith’s last season in football. He still ranks 16th on the NFL’s all-time list for kick return average (26.6 yards per return). He still goes to the Chiefs’ alumni reunion every year and stays in close touch with many of his teammates including Jan Stenerud, Mike Garrett and Otis Taylor.

“No regrets,” he says. “I loved every minute of it. I loved the challenge of returning punts and kickoffs. Yeah, it was dangerous, but I loved the challenge.”

Madison’s Jim Walker grew up in Gulfport, 700 feet from the beach. In 1969, when he was an eighth-grader, his mother worked for Gulfport mayor Billy Meadows, who came into possession of two Super Bowl tickets. Meadows gave the tickets to Walker’s mother. These were prime tickets, at about the 45-yard-line. Yet, face value was only $15. Tickets to Sunday’s Super Bowl are scaled from $1,000 to $5,000 and many folks are paying much higher scalper rates.

Walker says his parents, both football fans, had planned to attend. Walker was jealous. He was a big fan of Kansas City quarterback Len Dawson. But something came up. Walker doesn’t remember exactly what, but his parents could not go. Walker was too young to drive himself. The tickets went unused and Walker forgot about them.

Fast forward 35 years to 2005 and Hurricane Katrina, the beast that destroyed so much of the Gulf Coast, including the Walkers’ 47-year-old home. His parents, since deceased, drove to Madison as the storm neared. In the aftermath, Jim Walker drove to Gulfport to assess the damage.

Jim Walker of Madison, with the 1970 Super Bowl tickets he found in the remains of his parents’ Gulfport home, destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.

The home was a total loss. As Walker rummaged through the remains, he found a box that hadn’t been flooded. He opened the box and found an envelope. He opened the envelope and found the 35-year-old Super Bowl tickets in mint condition. He also found a framed certificate decreeing Jayne Mansfield, famous actress and entertainer, an honorary citizen of Gulfport. Mansfield had been performing regularly on the Coast before she was killed in a tragic automobile accident. The Gulfport mayor never had a chance to make the presentation.

Now then, fast forward to 2017 when Jim Walker decided to see what those tickets might be worth. He sent them to a California company that grades and preserves such historic items and was instantly offered $4,000 for the pair. He didn’t sell.

“I still don’t know what I’m going to do with them,” he said. “I’ve still got ’em.”

He does know what team he will pull for Sunday. “The Chiefs, of course,” Walker said. A Len Dawson fan 50 years ago, he likes Patrick Mahomes these days.

I have first-hand knowledge of this next episode. My mother, Carrie Cleveland, was a huge football fan. She cared nothing for the X’s and O’s of the game, but she loved the pageantry of the sport. She loved the games. So when my father scored three tickets to the fourth Super Bowl, off we went. These were superb tickets, 45-yard line, fairly high up in Tulane Stadium, a great view.

We got there early on a gray, damp overcast day as I remember. My mother, my brother Bobby and I sat in the appointed seats. My dad went to the press box. We were all pulling for the Chiefs. Jerrell Wilson, the Chiefs punter had played at Southern Miss and was a friend of the family. Dad probably got those tickets from Wilson.

We were watching the pre-game ceremonies shortly before kickoff when Mama suddenly sat upright and seemed to try to catch her breath. Clearly, she was excited about something. She craned her neck, kept staring down at something.

This went on for a few seconds. Finally, I asked, “Mama, what is it?”

She still couldn’t talk. She just pointed, and Bobby and I looked in that direction.

And there we saw him, coming up the aisle – none other than Joe DiMaggio, the Yankee Clipper and Mr. Coffee, himself. Mama was a Yankees fan. We all were. DiMaggio was impeccably dressed, suit and tie, his salt and pepper hair perfectly in place. He looked as if he were walking right out of one of those Mr. Coffee commercials.

And he kept coming our way. And Mama kept getting more and more excited. And he kept coming until he turned into the row just below us and sat just a couple feet below Mama’s high heels.

But before he took his seat, he glanced at Mama – she was drop-dead gorgeous – and smiled.

I thought she might die, then and there. She would have died happy.

But she didn’t. The game began. Len Dawson and the Chiefs dominated. I thought Minnesota quarterback Joe Kapp might get decapitated before it was over. Occasionally, one of Jerrel Wilson’s punts would soar above us – and we were just a few rows from the top.

But I’m not sure Mama ever saw any of it. Neither is Bobby. Every time we glanced over at her, she was looking at Joe D.

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Rick Cleveland

Rick Cleveland

Rick Cleveland, a native of Hattiesburg and resident of Jackson, has been Mississippi Today’s sports columnist since 2016. A graduate of the University of Southern Mississippi with a bachelor’s in journalism, Rick has worked for the Monroe (La.) News Star World, Jackson Daily News and Clarion Ledger. He was sports editor of Hattiesburg American, executive director of the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame. His work as a syndicated columnist and celebrated sports writer has appeared in numerous magazines, periodicals and newspapers.
Rick has been recognized 12 times as Mississippi Sports Writer of the Year, and is recipient of multiple awards and honors for his reporting and writing.


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shah alam 10k 2005

salamz.. i went home last weekend .legally this to spend time with the family ! and gotta join d run in Shah Alam. it was a fantastic weekend..! reached gombak around 5pm,was at home around 6pm.8pm off to Ahmad’s surprise party ! Ahmad is one of my lil cousins.well that he’s 16 this year,he’s no lil anymore lah.anyway,it was a great evening for me,my siblings and other cousins.the food was good..yeah,fantastic and yummy chicken chop,steak,salad..had 2 helpings..ayyoo..i was totally focusing on my main course while others are already starting dessert.anyway,party started soon after din din was over..dancing&karaoke.. which i didn’t join !!! ayya..fully loaded with the good food in my tummy lah..snucked out4a frappucino at coffee bean,kak Diha came. and imee didn’t want to be left behind,so she joined too !!! was kinda fun coz its a rare occasion me,n my other 2 cousins get to gether,in my car , going out just for take-away drink and come back !! fun fun fun…haha..nvm,all that im saying is that i appreciate those rare but precious moments lah. next day,went riding !! Anter,Princess..princess was so fast ! anter was much better ..

that afternoon history was about to reveal itself !!! heheh..managed a get-together with 3 of my ole skool mates… !!!!!!!!!!! imagine after 12 years tak jumpa,and suddenly these 3 ladies were at my place , catching on old times, exchanging the latest updates ! afina never stopped talking about her guy ! Teta just got a job at Citibank !!! congrats dear !!! while amy is thinking which job offer should she accept ! way to go lady !! humm..and as for me…still studying here in IIUM..well,different people goes thru different path thru their life .right ?! around 5.30pm we headed for polo club together with my siblings.. hafiz joined us a few minutes after we arrived.everyone was cool,and we watched polo ! later showed them around the stables.afina managed to ride on 1 of dad’s horses..ahaha..well,suddenly i became the unofficial guide for RSPC..haha..amy and teta with their endless questions about the club and world of i know so much !!?! but i did try my best lah. that eve,had dinner at home..and uhm, slept early coz i was so tired !!! and after a long and memorable day.memorable…yeah… but only 1 part menyampah..coz i saw ‘him’..but wuttaheck was just one of those instance menyampahness which i felt everytime i see sum1 who had done much damage2my life.but then,life goes on,and ive to learn to stand up to it no matter how hard or painful it can be… i slept early coz the day after ive to run Shah Alam 10k !!!! yeay !!! it was my 2nd 10k. the first was was earlier this year ; Larian Mesra Rakan Cop 2005 at the KL police hq.but for this one i didnt do much training..! but i was excited as hell.woke up around 5am coz 5.30am hafta leave the house.the run starts at 7am but hafta leave early coz ive to get my t-shirt from jaja at uitm seksyen my t-hirt&number ,changed , and then headed for dataran Shah those who havent been to dataran shah alam,i think its worth a drive to this part of Shah Alam..beautiful place i tell
you.and 56hoperoad270the sultan salahudin mosque..breathtaking !!!! sampai kat dataran shah alam tuh,did a lil bit stretching,and headed for the starting line..i missed half of the,tak kisah lah..i was already excited to start ! so there i was at the start line. pakciks surrounding me..haha..all look so tuff&strong despite their age..and Khir Toyo , (yeah,the selangor MB) was less then 3 m away from me,on a stage built just for the starting.. the gun cracked,and off we go !!!!!!!! the track wasn’t as challenging as the larian mesra rakan cop.not much of junctions..only straight roads…just the hill part susah siket.. my thigh wasn’t that strong to run up the hill,so i brief walked whenever i come to a steep hill lah..kay…at the start of the race,ramai malay gurls/ladies ..but after 20 minutes not only the malays ,but the chinese female participants gradually disappeared from my sight..not dissolved in to thin air lah..hahah..basically,i was in the middle group together with other male participants from the A category !!!! ayyaa.. anyway,i just kept a constant pace throughout the run.konon bawa shuffle,but didnt have time to put it on lah !! so,it was there in my pocket.!5km mark >> 100 plus ! grabbed 2 cups..yeah,running and drinking.teruk kan.haha..but both went IN the bin after that lah..and any public run pon,all the rubbish they left behind is unquestionnable.macam tak sah je not to haf rubbish all over the place everytime ada public event..wuteva.. kay..there was no sign which says how far we’ve ran,but as soon as i saw the wisma MBSA,i knew i will reach the finishing line soom.haha..lari ,lari….!!!.one more HUGE roundabout to go b4 the straight road towards the finish line..2 minutes later i was THERE ! got the cert. … better part,it wasnt just the certificate,but i could feel the weight of the medal in the plastic cover !! hehe..finisher medal !!!!! 56hoperoad278managed to see my placing from the officer who was standing at the finishing lane.i got 24th place ! hehe..oklah tuh ! MBSA had 100 finisher medal for each category !!! i was never concerned bout timing.,but this time i actually took a look at my watch..approximately an hour..i dunno how bad or good this is,but i think its cool enuff for beginners like my free drinks ;milo & 100 plus..and also free The Star !!

anyway,after that terus balik.missed the speech given by MB selangor.. @ home helped iskandar with his homework.lunch was @ home that d eve watched polo 4d last time b4 i headed back to ktn.wasnt much of polo watching tho that day..was talking with to syazna,my sis & dad.and when it was time to leave4d airport,kissed my siblings goodbye,then off i went.. indeed it was such a wonderful weekend.i enjoyed every bit of it. (“.) to teta,amy,afina,&hafiz,thanks for coming.luv y’all !! to my siblings(if ever ur gonna read my blog) thanks for being at the best of ur you all already..!!! to other ppl who’s reading this,do make it a point to spend a quality weekend with ur family/frens and get to do what u wanted to do so badly.. i gotta spend time with my family,n old frens,and i gotta run !!!! hehe.. we may be busy with work,studies or attending to other wolrdly affairs,but remember moments such as the ones ive experienced the recent weekend doesnt come around that often if u know what i mean.always cherish the moments coz we don’t know when the next time it’ll come again.if it ever comes again lah. as for now,im back to uni life..will be focusing on the next coming test and of course the dreaded finals ! wouldnt be running till november , coz tak lama lagi Ramadhan !!!!!! the next run is on th 20/11 Ipoh ! nt sure if im going to join that 1 or not..kaylah,enuff for now..nanti boring plak cerita panjang2 nieh.adios !

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“Daddy” Dylan Spourse Male Escort Short Film

After the death of his wife, an 80-year-old man (Ron Rifkin) checks into The Plaza Hotel to celebrate their first anniversary apart, hiring a male escort (Dylan Spourse) to take her place.

Watch Daddy (Short Film):

“The term “daddy,” once used almost exclusively by children to refer to their fathers, has transcended its meaning in the cultural lexicon.”

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We Welcome Charlotte’s 2018 Cohort!

“On September 20, 2016, Keith Lamont Scott was shot and killed by a police officer in Charlotte. In the ensuing days, rage fueled by years of racial inequity in our city, spilled into our streets and onto media around the world. It was a real wake up call for our city.

Subsequently, Macedonian Ministry felt a call to develop a cohort in Charlotte to strengthen the relationships of pastors across denominational and racial lines; so here we are. We are fifteen pastors, nine African American, six Anglo, from five different denominations. We serve congregations from 100 members to 4,800. We come from the north, south, east and west of our city, from the wealthiest neighborhoods and the poorest. As we continue to build our relationships and trust, we pray God will use our fellowship to bring reconciliation and healing to our city.”

Dr. Joe Clifford, Cohort Facilitator, Charlotte

Meet the Cohort!

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Backache – The Most Common Issue In Young Adults

If you are a young adult or a working person, then the title of this article would hit you right in the feels because it sounds so relatable to you, doesn’t it?

Do you have a habit or a job routine that needs you to sit focused all day long, which eventually leads to you getting a terrible backache at the end of the day?

Or, have you been generally experiencing backache that interferes with your daily performance every day?

Don’t worry – we have got you covered. Read till the very end, and you will thank us for writing this exclusively for you!

Plus, you will be surprised to hear that backache is the most common of all pains experienced by people of your age, that is, in young adults.

What Is Backache?

The human back is divided into three main regions: the cervical or ‘upper’ back region, the thoracic or ‘middle’ back region, and the lumbar or the ‘lower’ back region. The most common type of backache occurs in the ‘lower’ or lumbar back region.

Usually, older adults face back pain related issues, but nowadays, young people are also getting prone to developing a backache at any point in their lives.

Most of the time, a backache is temporary and goes away on its own, but you need to take it seriously and visit your doctor if you observe that the pain persists for a longer period and progressively gets worse.

What Are the Symptoms of Backache?

The symptoms usually involve the entire back region, and sometimes even radiate to your hands and legs. The most common symptoms that you are likely to experience include:

  • Persistent pain in the back that does not get relieved when you lie down or rest,
  • Feeling of inflammation or swelling in the back region,
  • Numbness in the lower back,
  • Difficulty in passing urine or feces,
  • Numbness around the genitals or buttocks.

Persistent pain in the lower back is the most common symptom of backache. Source:

These symptoms usually relieve when the inciting trigger is taken care of – but in case the pain does not go away even after you have taken painkillers, or it starts to aggravate and is accompanied by fever or a feeling of numbness anywhere in your body, you should immediately consult your healthcare provider.

Why Does A Backache Occur in The First Place and How to Prevent It?

There are several causes that can contribute to a backache. But keeping your age group in mind, we have shortlisted a few common ones, which are as follows:

1. Muscle Strain:

This is undoubtedly the most common type of back-related pain. In most cases, people don’t care about our sitting postures. They are prone to sit in the most comfortable and relaxed way, disregarding how the particular posture will impact your spine and back muscles. Consequently, this causes the muscles to get strained or stiffened over time, which eventually ends up causing severe backache that does not ease even with a proper posture. This type of backache may sometimes cause painful muscle spasms.

How to Prevent It?

This type of backache could be prevented by relaxing your back and giving it adequate rest after short intervals. If you have a job requiring you to sit down for prolonged hours, you should try to get a break after every half an hour and walk around so that your back muscles do not get stiffened.

2. Ruptured or Herniated Disc:

Sometimes, persistent back pain could be due to the herniation or protrusion of your intervertebral disc. The protruded disc pushes on a nerve that results in severe back pain. This type of pain can also limit your ability to do work.

How to Prevent It?

This type of nerve-related pain can only be treated best by a doctor who knows how to treat it. This pain usually does not resolve by medications, and proper treatment is required.

3. Arthritis:

Even though arthritis usually affects the elderly, it can also affect the younger age groups. Arthritis adversely impacts the normal daily life activities of a person and stops them from moving around freely. It is usually related to the wear and tear of the cartilage and results in extreme levels of pain.

How to Prevent It?

Arthritis could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Unfortunately, arthritis is a life-long condition, and it does not resolve once it has been diagnosed. So, prevention is always better than cure in this situation.

Backache, in itself, is not a disease, but it is a condition that is capable of altering your daily life and everyday routine. Backache can be prevented and treated if the person suffering from it does not ignore it in the initial stages of the diseases and symptoms. With a healthy and balanced diet, a proper routine, and an active lifestyle, you can lead a very happy and pain-free life.

Bonus video: 5 Common Causes of Back Pain

Is it normal to have back pain in your 20s?

In our 20s and 30s, “normal” back pain often can be attributed to factors of daily life, such as sitting too long, picking up children, or overdoing it while exercising. In our 40s and older, work injuries and the beginnings of arthritis and degenerative conditions are more common.

What is the most common underlying cause of low back pain?

Most commonly, mechanical issues and soft-tissue injuries are the cause of low back pain. These injuries can include damage to the intervertebral discs, compression of nerve roots, and improper movement of the spinal joints. The single most common cause of lower back pain is a torn or pulled muscle and/or ligament.

What causes spondylosis in young adults?

Spondylolysis is a fracture (crack or break) in a vertebra (bone in the spine). It can happen from repetitive stress or injuries to the spine. Some kids are born with spondylolysis. Spondylolysis is a very common cause of lower back pain in kids, teens, and young adults.

What are 3 common ways people develop back problems?

Conditions commonly linked to back pain include:

  • Muscle or ligament strain
  • Bulging or ruptured disks
  • Arthritis
  • Osteoporosis

How does a slipped disc feel?

If you have a herniated lumbar disc, you may feel the pain that radiates from your low back area, down one or both legs, and sometimes into your feet (called sciatica). You may feel pain like an electric shock that is severe whether you stand, walk, or sit.

How should I sleep to relieve lower back pain?

Sleep on your back with a pillow under your knees. For some people, sleeping on their back may be the best position to relieve back pain: Lay flat on your back. Place a pillow underneath your knees and keep your spine neutral. The pillow is important — it works to keep that curve in your lower back.

Why is back pain at night a red flag?

Nocturnal back pain is also a symptom of spinal bone infection (osteomyelitis) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a condition that can cause the spine to fuse in a fixed, immobile position. Other “red flags” include Back pain that spreads down one or both legs. Weakness, numbness, or tingling in legs.

What causes sudden lower back pain?

Acute low back pain is most often caused by a sudden injury to the muscles and ligaments supporting the back. The pain may be caused by muscle spasms or a strain or tear in the muscles and ligaments. Causes of sudden low back pain include Compression fractures to the spine from osteoporosis.

What is the fastest way to relieve back pain?

Use heat and cold. Studies show that heat and cold are effective ways to get relief from back pain. Ice packs are most beneficial when a person uses them directly after an injury, such as a strain. Applying an ice pack wrapped in a towel directly to the back can reduce inflammation.

  1. Casiano VE, Dydyk AM, Varacallo M. Back Pain. [Updated 2020 Jul 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from:, M., Montella, S., Salici, F., Valente, A.,
  2. Marchesini, M., Compagnone, C., Baciarello, M., Manferdini, M. E., & Fanelli, G. (2016). Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy. F1000Research5, F1000 Faculty Rev-1530.
  3. Urits, I., Burshtein, A., Sharma, M., Testa, L., Gold, P. A., Orhurhu, V., Viswanath, O., Jones, M. R., Sidransky, M. A., Spektor, B., & Kaye, A. D. (2019). Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Current pain and headache reports23(3), 23.
  4. Paolucci, T., Attanasi, C., Cecchini, W., Marazzi, A., Capobianco, S. V., & Santilli, V. (2018). Chronic low back pain and postural rehabilitation exercise: a literature review. Journal of pain research12, 95–107.
  5. Furtado, R. N., Ribeiro, L. H., Abdo, B., Descio, F. J., Martucci, C. E., Jr, & Serruya, D. C. (2014). Dor lombar inespecífica em adultos jovens: fatores de risco associados [Nonspecific low back pain in young adults: associated risk factors]. Revista brasileira de reumatologia54(5), 371–377.
  6. Casser, H. R., Seddigh, S., & Rauschmann, M. (2016). Acute Lumbar Back Pain. Deutsches Arzteblatt international113(13), 223–234.

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ATP Launches New ‘Tough’ USB Flash Drives

ATP Launches New ‘Tough’ USB Flash Drives

ATP Electronics has brought to market the USB ToughDrive. This is a new high-speed USB 2.0 flash drive designed for maximum durability for any mobile road warrior. The rubber housing makes it waterproof and shock-resistant.

These are the first ATP products made with its proprietary DuraSkin formula. DuraSkin is a protective compound layer that completely covers all the internal components, providing a safe second layer of protection against intense temperatures and external elements such as airborne dust, water and moisture. It also absorbs shock if one happens to accidentally drop it.

“Data capture and transfer is pervasive in almost every computing application. However, when users are working with critical information in highly mobile, remote or severe conditions such as on the water, intolerable heat, high winds or altitudes, or freezing temperatures, data cannot be compromised under any circumstance. The ToughDrive is the first flash drive specifically designed for the rugged market, giving mobile professionals the peace of mind they need to get the job done while in the field or in the office”, said ATP VP of Sales and Marketing Danny Lin.

The ATP USB ToughDrive is available in the following variants – 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, and 2GB. It can be divided and password-protected to ensure the security of your data. Further, it boasts a high performance 30MB/s data transfer speed for speedier file transfers and flawless multimedia streaming.


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Prayer, Meditation and a Busy Mind

I have been going to the gym now since October. Since then I have hummed and hawed over going to a fitness class, specifically a yoga class. My personal trainer suggested it would be a good way for me to gain some strength and I liked the idea of being in a class with other people. I figured it would give me the opportunity to meet more people in the community. Also I really wanted to try to blend the reflective and contemplative sides of Christianity with the health benefits of yoga.

I have committed to trying yoga out once a week until the end of the month when I will sit back down with my trainer and talk through the next leg of my exercise journey. So far I have to say my results are mixed. I am happy with most of the exercise poses, but there is one where I am lying on my back with my knees in the air and I am told to rock back and forth which makes me feel…idiotic to be blunt. For the record I am also not a big fan to turning towards people and thrusting my pelvis forward.

Never the less the first 45 minutes of the 60 minute class normally go well. The final 15 minutes are where things begin to fall apart for me. That is the time where we are supposed to enter into a quiet, prayerful, meditative state. The problem is I am lousy at entering into prayerful, quiet, meditative states.

I didn’t have the audacity to snap a ‘selfie’ of myself trying to meditate but here is a pretty good visual representation of what was happening in my mind;

Trying to mediate

Whenever I try to, as we Christian say, ‘be still and know God’ I feel like some part of my mind is lobbing random thoughts at me like dodgeballs. It is almost like I am two people. One part of me wants to be still, to pray, to meditate while another part of me just wants to chit chat about every little thing! It is like there is a Christopher that wants to meditate (CWM) and a Christopher who is easily distracted (CED). If you were to eavesdrop on my thoughts during yoga today this is roughly what you would have heard;

CWM– (Quietly reflecting on God)

CED– Oh wow, look at me meditate, I am doing good, I’m not thinking really at all. Yep I am just sitting here soaking in God’s presence. Oh wait! I am  thinking about how I’m not thinking.

CWM– Be quiet…

CED– Oh now I am thinking about thinking I’m not thinking. Oh and NOW I am thinking about thinking about thinking I’m not thinking. I think that’s right…is that too many thinks? I am not sure

CWM– Shhhhhh, quiet I said I am trying to meditate on God!

CED– Right, right, right

CWM– (Trying to reenter prayer posture, focusing on breath prayer e.g. Bless the Lord, Oh my soul)

CED– Oh did I hear that phone chime, I wonder if it’s the instructors to say we are almost done (opens eyes) Nope, nope it’s only been like 3 minutes, what is that music she is playing? It kind of reminds me of music from Final Fantasy.

CWM– Praying……Bless the Lord….

CED– HEY! I should do that! Next time I try to do this contemplative stuff I should listen to music from Final Fantasy. I wish they would make a Final Fantasy game as good as IX, and X again. Actually I wish they would make a new Mega Man game, the board game looks cool but kind of pricey, but maybe if enough people buy it

CWM– OH FOR THE LOVE OF GOD CHRISTOPHER! STOP ‘TALKING’! Multiple times a week you speak on behalf of God to people can’t you sit and be serene in God’s presence for 10 freaking minutes?! (Back to prayer posture)

CED– What should I have for lunch. I kind of want to pick something up, should I though? I really shouldn’t

CWM– (Glares)

CED Sorry, sorry prayer right

CWM– Bless the Lord, Oh my Soul

CED– I should probably blog about this….

CWM– Oh I give up!

I think out of the 15 minutes worth of silent time I spent 3 minutes doing something remotely akin to prayer and meditation. I guess there is always next week, right?

22 thoughts on “Prayer, Meditation and a Busy Mind

  1. Lol! sounds familiar, I had a similar conversation with myself yesterday and blogged about it. ha! It takes continual practice to quiet our thoughts/ego but I will tell you it does get easier and those meditative moments do last longer. Keep practicing!

  2. Hahaha. Ok, love the conversation you have with yourself during meditation. And TBH, you aren’t the only one. Happens to me all.the.freakin.time. But that’s why I keep getting on my Matt. You’ll find that it’s almost like a muscle, the more you use it, the better you’ll get. The more time will be between CED’s comments. People that say meditation is easy have no clue what they’re talking about IMO. It’s hard, but that’s whats so rewording about it. Guess I should have put a corny alert out there for that last comment….

  3. Happy baby pose is what you are describing! It is a great hip opener! I personally use an online website for yoga (even though I have subscribed to it, I don’t use it as much as I should) but I am finally taking an actual yoga class in an actual studio this semester at school. 🙂

    If you don’t necessarily like the meditation aspects of yoga and like more of the stretching parts, I would recommend a simple stretch class (or a roll class, with foam rollers) which would suit the non-meditative people best. Even though meditation is good…. 🙂

  4. I do sometimes think meditation or focused contemplation is pretty impossible, especially if you have a busy or slightly obsessive mind! Though, I think having music on in the background is good otherwise that annoying song lyric we had stuck in our head earlier would resurface and repeat itself over and over and over again just to antagonise us (or thats what would happen to me anyway!)

    Goodluck with your future meditations! Xx

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Daryoush Gharahzad / Self-Abstract

Daryoush Gharahzad

The everyday culture of the masses consists of countless men and women in the society who find their identity in the collective. They conform to a culture that is shaped by the masses. For instance, large groups of people decide to go to a certain park or a certain club during the weekend. The cultural interaction constitute the identity of the masses.

Daryoush Gharahzad, “Self-Abstract”, acrylic on canvas, 126 x 126 cm, 2020


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Rocklin California Mold Inspection | Rocklin California Mold Testing

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Being a mold inspector is very rewarding to me. I like helping people and I pay attention to detail. I am able to notice things others don’t. I like the challenge it brings me to find the source of water intrusion or moisture. It's also nice to be able to meet new people every day.

One of the many inspections I am particularly proud of was a family that had a newborn baby and an elderly parent living with them. The baby was having breathing and skin issues and the parent was also having health issues. After doing the inspection I was able to inform them that they did in fact have a mold issue. This mold in particular could possibly cause hemorrhaging in newborns lungs and other health issue in general. After informing the family they were able to have the remediation done and remove all the mold. I later received a call from them thanking me cause the baby and the elderly parent were getting better since they were no longer breathing in all the mold.

As your mold inspector I do my best not to miss a possible issue. I personally had a daughter that had leukemia and mold was a big issue for her so I try to be as thorough as possible. I move boxes, small furniture, carpets etc.…. things that could possibly hide a possible mold issue. I use a moisture meter, an infrared camera if a leak is suspected, smoker to test ventilation/ exhaust fans. I also have a tool to test humidity in your home.

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So rest easy resident of Rocklin ,California, if there is a problem with fungal growth in your home or business, the certified inspectors at Mold Inspection and Testing will find the issue and distinguish the source. When it comes to mold, testing is the only means that can get you the answers you are looking for. All of the samples we collect are sent to an independent laboratory for analysis. They provide a complete report of all our findings that can be used as data for disputes in which someone like a landlord, seller, or building management is trying to downplay the seriousness of a problem within your residence. At the same time, we will be glad to act as a representative for any of our clients by explaining and backing whatever claims our test results show. After this is complete you will have hard facts of what type of mold is there within your home or business and exactly how much of it is there. It will show without a doubt whether or not a problem exists and how serious it is.

Our mold inspection company in Rocklin ,California uses state of the art technology like infrared cameras and moisture meters to find the best locations to test. Our technicians then collect air/surface samples to uncover what kinds of mold are present in your air. This is the only exact way to determine what is going on with your indoor air quality. Be aware of unethical practices like offering a “free mold inspection”, as these are typically promoted by remediation companies. As mentioned earlier, the company handling your assessment should be independent of whoever you plan to hire to carry out the necessary work. Just because you see mold does not mean a professional is required to handle the work as some mold is common and non-toxic. The only way to find out for sure exactly what is happening with your indoor environment is to mold test Rocklin. Without air and surface sample collection, anything else is just a guess.

Once the test results come in, we will call you immediately and let you know whether or not elevated levels of mold exist at the location of the Rocklin mold inspection. If elevated levels of mold do exist, you will be offered a step-by-step protocol to get your indoor environment back to normal. If you are being provided with these detailed steps; chances are we will be recommending that a professional with all the necessary equipment performs the work. This is valuable information for whatever company you go with to handle the remediation process. Making sure only necessary work is done and the job is finished the first time around saves a lot of time and money. The best removal companies not only desire that an initial inspection is completed before a removal, but also that a clearance test is taken after to ensure everything has been completed correctly. This keeps them honest, but more importantly guarantees that your indoor air quality has returned to normal.

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Clothing 3-Part Cards — Free Printable!

I made Clothing 3-Part Cards in German years ago as part of our continent studies, but for some reason it never occurred to me to use the same cards in English! Changing the language was a quick fix, so I uploaded them to my email subscriber freebies this week.

This free printable Clothing 3-Part Cards set includes cards for 12 different types of clothing — all real photographs of my daughters’ clothes when they were tiny! You can use these for picture matching, label to picture matching, or even a fun game of memory! If you need more ideas for ways to use 3-part cards, I highly recommend I Believe in Montessori’s Free 3-Part Card guide.

The Clothing 3-Part Cards are available as a free printable for my email subscribers only!  To gain access to this and all of my other subscriber-only freebies, get on my email list HERE and I’ll send the link and password right over!

If you are already an email subscriber, yay!  The latest password can be found in the email from me that went out on the first Wednesday of the month.  The password changes each month, so make sure you check the one from this month to get it!  Enter the password HERE.


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Africa lacks preparedness for virus vaccine roll-out : WHO

·2 min read

The World Health Organization on Thursday urged African countries to improve their capacity to vaccinate populations against Covid-19, warning the continent was still "far from ready" for mass immunisation.

With three coronavirus vaccines now showing efficacy rates of 70 percent or more, the UN body called on Africa to "ramp up" preparations for "the continent's largest ever immunisation drive".

The African region is so far only 33 percent ready to roll out Covid-19 vaccines, the World Health Organization (WHO) said in a statement.

That figure, based on data provided by 40 countries on a series of "readiness criteria", is well below a desired 80 percent benchmark.

"Planning and preparation will make or break this unprecedented endeavour," WHO Africa Director Matshidiso Moeti said during a virtual press briefing.

The main concerns are a lack of adequate funding plans, monitoring tools and community outreach.

"There are key logistical and financing gaps where international solidarity will be imperative," Moeti said.

The WHO estimates that rolling out a Covid-19 vaccine to just priority populations in Africa will cost around $5.7 billion (4.8 billion euros).

African countries will be partially subsidised by the COVAX global Covid-19 distribution scheme.

The World Bank has also set aside $12 billion (10.1 billion euros) to help developing countries finance their immunisation programs.

Moeti said the aim was to vaccinate three percent of Africa's population by March 2021, and 20 percent by the end of the year.

- Africa-based research -

Other health experts at the briefing said additional research was needed to develop vaccines more suitable to the continent.

They noted that a promising vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech, which tested at a 95 percent success rate at its latest trial, must be kept at -70 degrees celsius -- all but impossible for most hospitals in Africa.

"We really should be doing some of this vaccine research in the African region," said Helen Rees, chair of the WHO's Africa immunisation advisory group.

So far only Egypt, Morocco, Kenya and South Africa have active Covid-19 vaccine trials.

Moeti said it was important for the continent not to fall behind on global preparations for Covid-19 vaccinations even though coronavirus infections had somewhat plateaued.

She noted that Africa has been relatively spared compared to the rest of the world, with over 2.1 million cases and 50,000 deaths recorded to date.

But some countries are beginning to see localised infection surges, particularly in South Africa and the Maghreb.

"We are starting to see an uptick and that gives us a lot of concern," Moeti warned. "The curve is once again trending upwards a little bit."


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Covid in Moorabool
How many COVID cases have been reported in Moorabool?

With testing ramping up over the last few weeks, it was though to only be a matter of time before the area recorded a new case… But, Moorabool is still holding firm at 3 cases.

It’s not good news for our neighbours in Melton though, over the last few days Melton has gone from 4 active cases to 13. Whats worse, Brimbank who shares a border with Melton has now got 36 active cases.

Some residents in Melton have told us they have received a text message saying that door knocking will begin in the area.

Greater Geelong, which shares a border with Moorabool has one active case

All other border share shires have no increases on overall or active cases. These areas include Ballarat, Hepburn and Macedon Ranges.

“Stay 1.5 metres away from anyone you don’t live with and avoid crowds, especially indoors. If you can keep working from home – you must keep working from home.”

Pitcher Perfect Antennas

Stats are compiled from DHHS Media release. Stats are up to date as of 30/06/2020

If you have a news story or would like to make contact with Moorabool Online, shoot us an email.

Author: Dev


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The Londonderry Early Education Program (LEEP) is a developmental preschool servicing youngsters age three and four with special needs. The LEEP program also has typically developing children attend on a tuition basis as role models.  This also ensures the early childhood setting as mandated by IDEA.  This inclusionary model is in line with the State Performance Plan (SPP) indicator 6, which targets the percentage of preschool students with Individual Education Programs who receive programming in settings with typically developing peers.  The mission at LEEP is to provide high quality developmental programming to children.  Many students require education and therapeutic intervention in a specifically controlled environment such as a small student/teacher ratio.

Children who are five years of age and entering kindergarten receive their special education services by the kindergarten special education team. Children with disabilities are included within the regular classroom to the fullest extent possible.  Special education staff work with students on emerging math and reading foundations.  Students receive direct instruction in “phonological awareness” and “number sense” to serve as a basis for future instruction.  Supports and services listed for the LEEP Program would also be available at the kindergarten level.


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Realistic look associated with Medication Addiction and Actions regarding Loved ones Users

The regular rate of drug addiction is 1 liquor or drug addict for each family arrangement. There are some people with sequence of addictions within the very same system. For spouses who are addicted, they take place in two methods, primarily in the situation of alcoholism. A single of the occurrences is that a wife or husband can be intensely into medication that it is distinct to all the men and women it is an habit, although for the other the addiction is not as apparent and obvious.

In a household technique where there are so a lot of addicts, there are elements, guidelines, roles and framework that will be marketing the continued usages of medication and liquor. more info can make drug habit significantly less severe but a lot more favorable. An case in point is family members unions and celebrations that are characterised by using alcoholic beverages.

In addition, there is a notion of expectation among the family members users that a sober addict will become the sort of individuals the users of the family members are used to or want him or her to be. What transpires is that the household users are able to recognize some unwanted traits of individuality of drug habit and build the idea that an absence of the chemical compounds will enable the addict’s genuine persona and self to emerge. The household associates may possibly see some preview of the wished changes they may possibly be hunting for in a particular person for the duration of the restoration time period but sustained habits changes and attributes take place following a period.

In this situation, the addict in a restoration process is subjected to the family members’ concealed anticipations with regards to the needs of observing him or her change into the type of specific they loved and needed just before the drug dependancy or when the chemical outcomes are out of the human body method. For the addict trying to get well, they constantly uncover it tough to figure where they typically match in the arrangement of their family members, as well as how to continue being sober and clear as the conflicting anticipations become clear.

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Wool was a huge industry in Europe in the middle ages. It was hugely in demand, particularly broadcloth, and was a valuable trade good. A great deal of wool was owned by monasteries and landed gentry who owned the land.

And, well, the only way to spin wool into yarn to make broadcloth was by hand.

This was viewed as a feminine occupation, and below the dignity of the monks and male gentry that largely ran the trade.

So what did they do?

They hired women to spin it. And, turns out, this was a stable job that paid very well. Well enough that it was one of the few viable economic options considered ‘respectable’ outside of marriage for a woman. A spinster could earn quite a tidy salary for her art, and maintain full control over her own money, no husband required.

So, naturally, women who had little interest in marriage or men? Grabbed this opportunity with both hands and ran with it. Of course, most people didn’t get this, because All Women Want Is Husbands, Right?

So when people say ‘spinster’ as in ‘spinster aunt’, they are TRYING to conjure up an image of a little old lady who is lonely and bitter.

But what I HEAR are the smiles and laughter of a million women as they earned their own money in their own homes and controlled their own fortunes and lived life on their own terms, and damn what society expected of them.

I hope this a shit post cause that’s not even close to being true.

“Steeples fingers”

I would be very interested to see your sources.

But first, mine

http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270606.001.0001/acprof-9780199270606  (You’d have to read the book itself (I own a copy) but here’s a link to it.)

“Women in medieval English society”, Mavis E. Mate (https://books.google.com/books?id=YUVXsG5CaywC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=medieval+spinster+independent&source=bl&ots=Vmxe4vjXJ4&sig=Ej-Z3q9KwBnWi0VMeBb4l5NTqSQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3_PGXutjaAhVS3WMKHb2uA5M4ChDoAQhBMAg#v=onepage&q=medieval%20spinster%20independent&f=false

Please. I am very curious as to why you think I am incorrect.


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Mosquito & Tick Control Services Sturbridge MA

If you are looking for mosquito control in Sturbridge or tick control services in Sturbridge you have came to the right place. Fill out our instant quote form today to get a quick estimate on mosquito and tick spray services in Sturbridge. Since Sturbridge is a Town type of city with MA, it’s rules on mosquito sprays by the government will vary from other cities in the state. This means that at times you may need to ensure your yard is safe yourself by working with a mosquito control company. Sturbridge was founded in 1738 and the type of government is s Open town meeting type. As far as mosquito information for Sturbridge, on average about twenty percentage of people get mosquito bites. With a population of 9268 that means that roughly 282 people get bit every year in Sturbridge. Don’t wait until the mosquito problem gets worse. Get in touch with us today for mosquito control and tick control services in Sturbridge.

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THAAD Radar Ranges (July 17, 2016)

A central element of the debate surrounding the recent decision by South Korea to allow the United States to deploy a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defense system on its territory is the range of the THAAD’s radar. China argues that the THAAD radar will be able to look deep into its territory; supporters of the deployment counter that the radar will be configured so that its range will be limited.

The radar used with a THAAD battery is the X-band AN/TPY-2.  The TPY-2 radar has two configurations.  It can be configured as Terminal Mode (TM) radar, in which it operates as the fire control radar for a THAAD battery.  Alternatively, it can be set up as a Forward-Based Mode (FBM) radar, in which it relays tracking and discrimination data to a remote missile defense system, such as the U.S. Ground-Based Midcourse (GMD) system.  If THAAD is deployed to South Korea, The United States has stated that its TPY-2 radar would be in the shorter-range TM configuration.  Since in the TM mode, the radar reportedly only has a range of 600 km, supporters of the THAAD deployment argue that while its range is adequate to cover N. Korea, it cannot look deeply into China.  Critics of this argument point out that in the FBM mode the radar has a much greater range, and that the radar can be converted from TM to FBM (or vice versa) in only eight hours or less.  According to a U.S. Army manual, “The hardware used by the two modes is identical, but their controlling software, operating logic, and communications package are different.”[1]  In addition the radar is highly mobile: it can be transported by air and can be operational with four hours of reaching its deployment site.

Published figures for the range of a TPY-2 radar vary by nearly a factor of five.  For a radar, this is a huge discrepancy.  If all these published ranges were for the same target and same radar operating parameters, they would indicate a difference in radar capability of about 54 = 625.  So clearly these claims must reflect very different assumptions about how the radar is used.

To provide a sense of how the range is affected by how the radar is operated, I will step through various claims about the TPY-2’s range, from lowest to highest.  Comparing these claims is complicated by the fact that many of them are not accompanied by much information on the conditions under which the range is achieved.  Nevertheless, the comparison shows that the widely varying ranges are self-consistent once differences in how the radar is operated and the nature of the target are taken into account.  At the same time, it also shows how claims about the radar’s range can be misleading if applied in the wrong context.

(1) Several hundred miles.  The shortest range claim I have seen is from the TPY-2’s manufacturer, the Raytheon Company, and is that a TPY-2 radar could “…track a home run from a ball park from several hundred miles away.”[2]  If we take several hundred to mean three hundred, then this range is about 480 km. [The home run would have to be hit very high – over 44,000 feet [altitude corrected per reader comment below] – to rise over the horizon at this range.]  A reflective sphere the size of a baseball (diameter = 2.9 inches) has a radar cross section (RCS) of about 0.004 m2.  While this RCS certainly possible, it is lower than is usually used for a baseline number.  If we scale to a radar cross section of 0.01 m2, we get a range of about 600 km.  This range is consistent with the terminal mode range cited in South Korean press reports.

(2) 600 km. This is the range cited in South Korean press reports for the range of the TPY-2 in the terminal mode.  In February 2015, the Chosun Ilbo cited a government official as saying the TM configuration had an effective range of 600 km.[3]  In April 2015, the Seoul Shinmum (in Korean) gave this range for the TM radar, citing a U.S. technical report.[4]

(3) 870 km.  This is the range estimate given in a post in this blog from September 21, 2012 (by George Lewis and Theodore Postol).  I will use this post as the baseline for the discussion because it contains values for of all the parameters used in the radar range calculation.  The link is:

(4) 1,500 km.  A figure in the 2013 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report show a tracking range curve with radii of about 1,500 km for the TPY-2 radar.[5]  The NAS panel has stated that this 1,500 km range is conservative.[6]

(5) Greater than 1,732 km.  The NAS panel says a range of 1,732 km would be obtained using the Lewis and Postol parameters in point (3) except with the required S/N reduced from 20 to 12.4 and the dwell time increased from 0.1 s to 1.0 s.[7] They further say that if the actual classified values of the other parameters were used instead of the values in (3), the range would be even greater.

(6) 1,800-2,000 km.  The ranges given in the South Korean Press for the forward-based configuration of the TPY-2 radar (same sources as in item (2) above).

(7) Greater than 2,900 km. In 2008, Major General Patrick O’Reilly (then the Deputy Director of the MDA) stated that the TPY-2 had a range “greater than 1,800 miles” (1,800 miles = 2,900 km).[8]

(8) 3,000 km.  This range is shown in a figure published in the South Korean newspaper, based on a calculation by George Lewis and Theodore Postol.[9]  The figure is reproduced as Figure 1 below.

TPY-2LongRange Track

Figure 1. TPY-2 tracking geometries for a radar in South Korea for a launch point in China.

How is such a wide span of ranges possible?   Because of different assumptions regarding the operating mode of the radar and the nature of the target.

Start with the 870 km range in point (3) as a baseline.  The key assumptions and parameters here are: a warhead target with a radar cross section (RCS) of 0.01 square meters; a radar dwell time (the amount of time the radar spends on each beam position) for each target of 0.1 seconds; and  a signal to noise (S/N) ratio for detection of S/N = 20.[10]  This result indicates that the radar could track 10 incoming targets at a range of 870 km making one measurement on each target every second, or alternatively 100 targets with a measurement every ten seconds.[11]  The assumption of 0.1 second for the dwell time is somewhat arbitrary and does not necessarily match what is used in the actual TM and FBM configurations (which is classified).

Now consider the ranges in points (1) and (2) above.  These clearly correlate to the terminal mode configuration of the radar, with a nominal range of 600 km.  Is this short-range range reasonable?  In the terminal mode, the targets will be either individual warheads or entire missiles descending toward their impact points (although in some cases, targets might be detected before they reach the peak of their trajectories).  Unless the targets are tumbling, then they will generally be viewed in close to a nose-on geometry, so that their RCS will likely be relatively low.   Thus the 0.01 square meter RCS assumed in the baseline seems appropriate, although it could be lower.  In this mode, operating as a fire control radar for a THAAD battery, the radar might have to deal with dozens or even a hundred or more simultaneous targets.  In addition the radar will also be required to carry out continuous surveillance (search) for new targets. Thus it would not be surprising that the range in this mode would be less than the estimate in (3), and 600 km seems plausible.

Now let’s look at the 1,500 and 1,732+ km ranges drawn from the NAS report in points (4) and (5).  The radar and target parameters used in the NAS report are classified.  However, from the discussion of point (5), it is apparent that most of the difference in range relative to the 870 km range in point (3) is due to a longer dwell time – in the case of the 1,732+ range a factor of ten increase in dwell time per target – which gives as factor of 1.78 times increase in range.  That is, the increase in range is obtained at the price of a ten-fold decrease in the number of targets that can be tracked or a ten-fold increase in the time between measurements on each target (or some combination of the two).  As with (3), these ranges do not take into account a requirement for the  the radar to conduct surveillance for new targets (for example, if the radar was receiving precise cues to new targets from other sensors so that surveillance was not necessary).

This longer dwell time per target might be similar to what the TPY-2 radar uses in its forward-based mode to get the 1,800-2,000 in point (6) above. In the forward-based mode, the radar is primarily focused on tracking smaller numbers of longer-range missile early in their flights and at longer ranges.  However, it seems likely that in the FBM mode the radar also has surveillance requirements, which would suggest a shorter range.  On the other hand, the description of the FBM configuration radar by both the MDA and its manufacturer emphasize that it is intended to track missiles during their boost phase.  At the TPY-2’s X-band frequency (approximately 10 GHz), the upper stages of ballistic missiles would be expected to have much larger radar cross sections than separated warheads.  For example, the 2003 American Physical Society Boost Phase Study used a radar cross section of 0.094 square meters for a solid-fuel missile as it rises over the horizon of a TPY-2 radar (and 0.45 square meters for a liquid-fuel missile). [12]  If such large radar cross sections are assumed (9.4 to 45 times larger than the 0.01 square meters assumed in point (3) for a warhead), ranges of 1,800 to 2,000 km could be achieved with dwell times less than those in used for the NAS’s ranges in points (4) and (5) even if the radar devoted half of its time to surveillance.

Finally, if one combines a boost phase tracking assumption (target radar cross section  =  0.1 square meters) with longer dwell times (0.1 s) and no surveillance requirement, ranges as great as the 2,900+  km cited by General  O’Reilly in (7) or the 3,000 km figure from Lewis and Postol in (8) are obtained.

The above discussion shows that while the United States’ argument that THAAD’s range while operating in its intended terminal mode is very limited is plausible, so is the Chinese claim that the radar is physically capable of observing missile flights deep within its territory.  While China would surely be able to monitor which mode the radar is operating in, there does not appear to be any technical or legal barrier to prevent it from being quickly converted from terminal to forward-based mode.

[1] Quotation from: Park Hyun, “Pentagon Document Confirms THAAD’s Eight-Hour Conversion Time,” June 3, 2015.  Available at:

[2] Raytheon Company, “Sharp Eyes for Missile Defense – Bus-size Radar Rolls Like a Truck, Sees Like a Hawk,” August 26, 2015,  Available at:

[3] “U.S. Seeks Compromise Over Missile Defense System,” The Chosun Ilbo (English Edition), February 24, 2015.  Available at:

[4] Cited in: “News Analysis: U.S. Defense Chief’s Visit to Seoul Adds Controversy to THAAD Deployment,”, April 9, 2015.

[5] National Research Council, Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and System for U.S. Boost Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2012), p. 115.  Available at:

[6] Letter sent to Congress by Members of NAS Panel, “Setting the Record Straight – NRC Study Entitled “Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense,”” January 11, 2013 (including David Barton, “Attachment 1 – A Brief Rebuttal to Lewis and Postol Radar Claims,” (dated December 31, 2012)).

[7] NAS Panel, “Setting the Record Straight.”

[8] Alan Suderman, “Radar Array Placed in Juneau,”, June 1, 2008.

[9] Park Hyun, “An/TPY-2 Radar Could Track any Chinese ICBMs as They Pass Over the Korean Peninsula,” The Hank Yoreh (English Edition), June 2, 2015. Available at:

[10] The other parameters are radar average power = 81,000 W, antenna aperture = 9.2 square meters, antenna gain = 103,000, radar system temperature = 400 K, radar system losses = 6.3.

[11] This also assumes a different beam position is needed for each target.

[12] Report of the American Physical Society Study Group on Boost-Phase Intercept Systems for National Missile Defense, July 2003, Vol. 2., p. 177.  Available at:

Leave a comment

  1. Edward

     /  August 29, 2016

    This is a very valuable discussion on the merits of the two radar ranges. I am a layman when it comes to the technical aspects of missile systems, so bear with me if I say something not too smart.

    First point: If China has the capability to monitor the different deployment mode between can North Korea do so as well? If so wouldn’t operating in a Forward Base Mode remove some of the deterrence value of the system? Further, aren’t there already significant intelligence monitoring assets in the region that could detect Chinese defence capabilities in the area? Bruce W. Bennett points this out, in addition to the hypocrisy of China deploying a S-300 system, offensive DF-21 missiles, while ignoring Russian deployment of the S-400 system (though I haven’t seen the evidence of that other than an Arctic deployment).

    Second point: Another author, at the Carnegie institute (Li Bin), mentions that the main objection to the system is the radar range because there is a missile test site in Manchuria which fires test missiles from East to West. Thereby exposing the tail end of the missiles, making it easier for the US to identify Chinese countermeasures. He says (this part is speculation) that China will likely send test missiles in a new direction with a terminal point ending up in the East China Sea, leading to escalation problems. The solution, he says, is to use the Green Pine radar systems instead of the AN/TPY-2 for the THAAD missiles. My question is, would those two systems even be inter operable? Would that make a significant difference in the effectiveness of the THAAD system?

  2. In the discussion regarding the 600 km range, a starting point of 480 km (based on the several hundred miles statement) was used. For this 480 km horizon an altitude of over 17500 feet was given. But doesn’t an RF horizon of 480 km require an altitude of ~13573 meters, which would be ~44532 feet? (this is using: horizon in km = 4.12*[altitude in meters]^1/2).

  3. Yes, if China could tell the difference between the two modes, then it is very likely North Korea could too. And I agree that if the North Koreans saw that it was operating in the forward-based mode, they might be somewhat less concerned about it. However, they will also be aware it could be quickly switched over to the terminal mode if a conflict seemed imminent. Moreover, if the US did operate the radar in the forward-based mode (And personally, I believe US officials when the say that they have no intention to do so. The problem is that intentions can change.), it would seem likely that they would also occasionally operate in the terminal mode, simply to gain experience with doing so.

    However, any decease in capability against the NKs by operating in forward based mode is little consolation to the Chinese, who seem to believe that the system is largely aimed at them anyway.

    There is relatively little publicly available information on the Green Pine radar. The baseline Green Pine radar is much less capable than the TPY-2, and in particular has a much shorter range against ballistic missile target. There is a larger version of the Green Pine, sometimes referred to as the Super Green Pine. I have not seen any estimation of its capabilities relative to the TPY-2, but I would guess that the TPY-2 is still superior. I do not know which version the South Koreans have.

    My guess would be that the THAAD interceptors and the Green Pine are not currently interoperable, although I do not know for sure. There is a TPY-2 in Israel essentially operating next to a Green Pine. However, I have never heard of any other THAAD equipment being deployed anywhere near a Green Pine. There does not seem to me to be much incentive to develop such interoperability, since the US has no interest in acquiring Green Pines and Israel does not seem to be interested in acquiring THAAD interceptors. I think there would be more interest in making the TPY-2 interoperable with the various Israeli interceptor systems.

  4. r3mu511,
    Yes, you are correct. I was using essentially the same formula as you, but clearly had a mathematical lapse. I will correct the post.

  5. ctwomey

     /  March 17, 2017

    George, super useful post for those of us doing Asia work. Any chance the “A Brief Rebuttal to Lewis and Postol Radar Claims” from NAS is available online anywhere?

    The ROKs have the Super Green Pine.

    So my sense is that as the Green Pine is L band that, aside from range differences, it wouldn’t be as good at decoy/warhead differentiation as the TPY-2 X band radar. As the NorKs showed recently, they can put several missiles up in the air at the same time, so it could be a very cluttered environment…

  6. Rahim

     /  March 25, 2017

    its very high system actually the USA must protect the world because the world is really in a dangerous condition every nation is making such a deadly weapons like bull shit Russia China India Pakistan north Korea Iran all these countries just trying to make ballistic missile and nuclear weapons and warn the peaceful countries so if Nato and USA protect the world from these bull shit countries it will be written in the history in the golden letters.

  7. Maxwell

     /  April 3, 2017

    Please update the subject if it is possible and remove my comment below – as it might be a simple administrative inquiry.

    Dear George,

    Thank you for your great work for the article below

    Subject: THAAD Radar Ranges (July 17, 2018)

    It is a great work for North and South Korea peace.
    The article above was shared by more than 1000 Korean people via the
    Peaceful reunification organization in Korea

    Would you please confirm that the meaning of the subject?
    THAAD Radar Ranges (July 17, 2018)

    Is it “THAAD Radar Ranges (July 17, 2016)”?

    Many of friends in Korea (non-native English speaker),
    were wondering about the meaning of the date: (July 17, 2018)

    Regards, Maxwell

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movie poster

Rating: 6.5 stars

Hong Kong corrupt cop heist chase martial arts buddy cop shootout

Seen 1 time

Seen on: 08/31/2020

Related Events

View on: IMDb | TMDb

Invisible Target (2007)

Directed by Benny Chan

Crime | Action | Thriller

Most recently watched by sleestakk

Three cops team up to bring down a criminal gang of seven, who have their own hidden agenda.

Length 129 minutes

Lam Suet | Andy On | Anson Leung | Jaycee Chan | Mark Cheng | Nicholas Tse | Tak-bun Wong | Ken Lo | Sam Lee | Shawn Yue | Wu Jing | Lisa Lu | Philip Ng | Tommy Yuen | Wu Hao-kang | Vincent Sze | Samuel Pang | Candy Liu Zi-Yan | Dominic Lam Ka-Wah | Elanne Kong | Wang Xue-Mei | Gladys Fung

Viewing Notes

when Wu Jing is cast as the big bad ya know some shit is gonna go down. And yep it does go down! Heralded as one of if not the best Benny Chan action thriller, I can understand why. It moves from one action setpiece to another; all are pretty damn good. I wish wish wish they had just replaced Jaycee Chan (Jackie’s kid) with Sam Lee and called this Gen-X Cops 3: Shit Is Going Down. Instead we have Jaycee as one of the cops (along w/Nicholas Tse and Shawn Yue) and I’ve never been crazy about Jaycee. Sam Lee gets relegated to a throwaway role here.

Despite some wonderful explosions and thrilling chases not to mention some crazy hand to hand fighting courtesy of Wu Jing kicking the shit outta dudes, the movie is overly long (same issue w/Gen X and Gen Y Cops) and feels bloated as Benny crammed way too much into this. That said, it still wasn’t entirely clear what the real motives were of the supervillain seven other than to get their stolen cash back. But why the big heist at the beginning? It’s murky. Also there’s some wacky stuff w/the explosions that don’t make sense like the floor flash pods going off after a grenade is thrown (the explosions aren’t consistent w/what’s really happening).

Even with its 2+hr runtime the characters are a bit 1-dimensional on both sides. But those stunts are nuts and look like they hurt. It’s still bananas that the actors are doing most of them but even in the BTS featurette I watched afterwards, they all keep talking about showcasing “Hong Kong action” and that’s what they mean; actors doing the stunts regardless of how dangerous they might be.

Nitpicks aside this would be a good one to get on Blu if it exists. There’s plenty to admire. The Dragon Dynasty dvd is a 2-disc set loaded w/extras. I didn’t attempt to spin up the second disc but I’d love to watch them all and hear the commentary with Jaycee, Shawn, Andy On and Bey Logan. I listened to a little of it and it’s p great altho the Edison Chen jokes are gross in retrospect.

RIP Benny Chan (October 7, 1961 - August 23, 2020)

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Moving Free With MirabaiHolidays make we wax philosophic.And thinking about this independence day reminded me not only of our founding fathers and our present men and women in uniform, it also brought to mind another kind of independence.  I’m talking about independence into our old age. The kind that health and fitness can bring. Remember Fitness=Longevity.

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We Fashion Flashers wish you a Joyous and Festive Independence Day. And as independent women, we all know how important that is!

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Chaos in the streets of Singapore

riot grrls

Masked female students from Chung Cheng High School forming a “suicide squad” human barricade against advancing police. (The Straits Times, 26 October 1956, page 2.)

Students barricade themselves in Singapore’s Chung Cheng High School, protesting against what they see as “high-handed actions” by the government. Riot police are stationed outside, together with several government officials. Three organizations have been either banned or dissolved in the past months — the Singapore Women’s Association, the Chinese Musical Gong Society, and the Singapore Chinese Middle School Students Union. Inside, students are giving speeches to parents, about how they can help to preserve Chinese culture. The students, together with some of their parents, have been here for days, and the food supply situation is getting tricky. At 2pm, the students’ demands are delivered over police radio via an intermediary: they want food, and they want the police to leave. The Deputy Commissioner of Police, Mr Broadhurst (a British man, since this was in the days when Singapore was still a colony), replies: “To your first point, yes, they can have food. Point number two, the police will stay put.”

As the situation escalates, the government issues an ultimatum for the students to clear out from the schools (students have also gathered at The Chinese High School). Two days later, the students are forced out from the schools. In response, the students, joined by what the Straits Times described as “hooligans”, spread out through the island, rioting, destroying property, and fighting running battles with the police.

Opposite the Central Police Station, the Eighth Police Court is set ablaze.
Mobs storm the Rochor and Jurong Police stations, shouting “pah mata, pah mata” (beat the police, beat the police).
A crowd of 200 attempt to storm the Thomson Road Police Station but are forced back, retreating while hurling missiles at police.

Thousands are involved, and even Johor sends reinforcements to help reestablish order.

(Information from The Straits Times reports, 26 and 27 October 1956. Retrieved from NewspaperSG via NLB eResources.)

Exciting, wasn’t that? I had fun doing my research on it, and I hope you enjoyed reading it. The real question here is: why wasn’t this in my history textbook?

In secondary school, I learnt the bare bones of Singapore’s history. The British discovered a nice little tropical island, colonizing it for their own purposes. The Japanese arrive later during World War II, putting our ancestors through a world of pain. The war ends, and after a few years, Malaya (Malaysia) and Singapore gain their independence. *YAWN*

Nobody told me there were a number of action movies that were played out right here in my little sleepy island home, action movies filled with intrigue, suspense, and sheer blood-soaked violence! Of course, the textbook writers can’t possibly include every single event from Singapore’s history in textbooks meant for teenagers, but now I’m wondering why they had to include only the boring bits. (I hated history so much in secondary school, I ended up dropping the subject.)

The 1956 student riots (continued)

Behind the violence, a number of complex struggles were taking place. In the larger scheme of things, the British were resisting communist elements in the region. When we think “Communism” these days, we often think of China’s faux-communism or of Karl Marx’s famous bearded picture. But back in the day, the communists were tough guys (and gals) who camped out in the jungles of Malaya, armed with rifles and grenades. In Singapore, the Chinese community was linked to the communist element, but in no simple manner.

Lee Kuan Yew in 1956, as secretary-general of the People’s Action Party (PAP), told the Labour Front Coalition Government to resign over what he described as an “inept handling of the situation”. (Yes, there was a time when the PAP were not the ruling party.) In later years, Lee Kuan Yew would clamp down heavily on the communist element, but in October 1956, he condemned the government for using force against these communist-linked groups, saying: “The solution to the present crisis does not lie in acts of violence against the police, troops, or in innocent civilians, or in burning cars. The solution lies in peaceful and non-violent methods of political struggle. We should remove the government constitutionally and not by violence.” (The Straits Times, 27 October 1956, page 1.)

What’s missing from our history (or social studies) textbooks?

In writing about the 1956 riots, I have had to leave out tons of information, all of which carry lessons for the way we think of ourselves as citizens in Singapore and in the larger global community. Textbook and curriculum writers face the same pressures as well, and the choices that are made about what information to include or to leave out often has lasting effects.

In the US, attempts are being made to leave out the “unpleasant” bits of American history. What’s left? Narratives carrying the ideas of white superiority and creationism.

Let’s not let that happen in Singapore. (I’m not a history teacher, so let me know what’s missing and what’s not in 2015’s textbooks!)

What have we forgotten?

One thought on “Chaos in the streets of Singapore

  1. Pingback: My difficulty processing Lee Kuan Yew’s death | Mr Seah (dotcom!)

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Bony Fish Text Questions

Questions for Research

  1. Body Form?- ?Body form in fishes can be highly varied with the form of a fishes body matching its functional needs. ?Go to??A quick course on Ichthyology. ?Read and complete the chart below (the whole chart should be copied down into your notes.)
    Body Form Example Function
    torpedo? ? acceleration
    one sided Pacific halibut ?
    pan shaped ? maneuverability
    attenuated Moray Eel ?
    unusual ? ?
  2. How do billfish like the sailfish use their bills for feeding. ?Describe at least two methods.
  3. Build a fish.? Select a habitat, then use the yellow arrows to select four features appropriate to that habitat.? Check the fish, repeat until you get two fish (from two different habitats) that survive.? Describe each fish.? This is a flash application.? If your browser is not cooperating, describe how three specific fish species jaws or body shape or caudal fin tails allow that fish to do something specific.?
  4. Jaws?- Jaws are an amazing evolutionary adaptation that appeared first in fish. ?It allows fish to potentially voracious predators. ?Read about the?Two Bite Moray?and?Gulper Eels. ?Make a sketch of these two extreme examples.
  5. Fin Shape?- All fish have fins, with most fish having variations of the same basic types. ?Use?Wikipedia’s Fish Anatomy Page?to complete the chart below.
    Caudal fin shape Example Function
    ? blue shark ?lift
    homocercal lunate sailfish ?
    homocercal truncate pink salmon ?
    ? banded butterfly fish maneuverability
    stunted, small, or unusual leafy sea dragon ?
  6. Schooling -?Explain three advantages (avoiding predators can only be one) of?schooling.
  7. Coloration- Dark on top, light on bottom, its called counter coloration and its very common in fish. ?In most marine environments it makes a fish hard to see from above (looking into the dark) and hard to see from below (looking into the light above.) ?Look at a?blue marlin to see an example of this. ?Make a sketch or describe in a detailed description of the coloration pattern for the tuna. ?Next click on the link for coral reef fishes. ?Many coral reef fishes are highly colorful with distinctive eye spots or bands of contrasting color. ?Explain the possible advantages of these outlandish color patterns.
  8. Reproduction?- It will help you to read above before you begin this question. ?Contrast the reproductive styles of the California grunion with?the?blue marlin? and the?leafy sea dragon.
  9. Together in class we will listen to a description by Richard Nelson of the connections between spawning salmon and forests. ?Describe how salmon (in a very real sense) build forests.
  10. Go check out some images of fish scales under the microscope. Describe two things you notice or learn about the scales?


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  • Green LED, backlit
  • Card Reader

  • Magnetic stripe: Bi-directional, Tracks 1, 2 & 3
  • Chip card: Optional; EMV 4.0 Level 1 & 2, ISO 7816
  • Up to three SAM slots
  • Communications

  • Primary: Dial
  • Modem: V.34/33.6Kbps
  • Ports: RS-232 for peripherals, PIN port for external PIN pad
  • Printer

  • SureLoad clamshell design, drop-in loading, thermal technology, 384 dots per line
  • 10+ lines per second
  • Paper roll: 2.25", 50mm max. diameter
  • Memory

  • Total: 24MB
  • Flash: 8MB
  • SDRAM: 16MB
  • SRAM (non-volatile): 512K
  • SRAM Backup: 5-year battery
  • Power

  • AC: 100-240V, 50/60 Hz
  • DC: 7.5V, 2.0A
  • Encryption

  • PCI PED approved
  • Triple DES: ANSI X9.52, PIN-ANSI X9.8, MAC-ANSI X9.9 Part 1-ANSI X9.24
  • Key management: DUKPT, Triple DES DUKPT and Triple DES master/session keys
  • Footprint

  • 3.6 in (w) x 8.2 in (l) x 2.4 in (h) /
  • 91.7 mm (w) x 208.8 mm (l) x 62.0 mm (h)
  • Weight

  • 0.90 lbs / 0.48 kg
  • Environment

  • Temperature: 0-45C / 32-115F
  • Humidity: Max 85%, non-condensing
  • ESD: 12,000 volts

Add to Cart:

  • Model: HT4205D
  • Shipping Weight: 4lbs
  • 520 Units in Stock
  • Manufactured by: Hypercom/Equinox