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Why The Modern Maya Don’t Think The World Is Ending

If you want to meet Maya people, go to the Yucatan. More specifically, go to the city of Merida. Merida’s population is nearly at a million and 60% of all inhabitants are of Maya ethnicity. Roughly a third of the population of Merida speak Mayan – the Yucatec Maya language. Fighting for space for my body on the crowded sidewalks and space for my car on the congested streets, my time in Merida was spent in close physical proximity to the modern Maya, as comes with the territory when visiting the downtown area of a capital city in Mexico over a weekend.

Although Merida was created atop a Spanish-overtaken and demolished Maya community, the Maya culture today is preserved in Merida through museums, music, dance, art, fashion, markets, cuisine and language, as well as in other areas of modern Merida life. When the conquistadors set out to rule the land now known as Merida, the Maya were forced to learn Spanish and their books were burned. The stones from Maya buildings were used to build Merida – the walls of the cathedral downtown are made from these stones. Old Spanish city gates that were once a part of a massive wall still stand in Merida. The wall was initially erected to protect the city’s center from revolting Maya. The last major revolt was the Caste War of Yucatan (1847-1901). Today, an outwardly integrated city greets travelers and it is flush with Maya souvenirs and Maya experiences to take home.

%Gallery-173726%The words of Rigoberta Menchu were in my mind when I conversed with the local Maya about the popular Doomsday Prophecies:

“We are not myths of the past, ruins in the jungle or zoos. We are people and we want to be respected, not to be victims of intolerance and racism.”

Before entering into these conversations, I already knew what I later found supporting evidence for in my discussions: modern Maya don’t think the world is ending on December 21. Careful not to speak in a way that would carry offensive implications of mystic misunderstandings, I asked the Maya I met about their own take on December 21 and all the hype. I asked the Maya on the street and in the market, I asked the Maya at restaurants and hotels. The answer was the same for everyone, there was no exception to this.

“We are entering into a new cycle,” they’d tell me. “This is just a new beginning,” they’d say without doubt.

I’m not alone in my findings. In a MINNPOST article, Phyllis Messenger, the president of the Maya Society of Minnestoa, is quoted as saying, “I have not yet run across any indigenous person who believes this is the end of the world.” The article’s author, Catherine Watson, goes on to make a good point when she reiterates the words of archaeologists with, “The Mayans probably didn’t fear the end of one baktun and the start of the next, archaeologists say. More likely, they celebrated it, much as we go all-out for really significant New Year’s Eves, like the ones when a century turns.”

Modern Maya aren’t worried because ancient Maya weren’t worried. The 13th baktun, a 400-year unit, is coming to a close and a new one is beginning. But because it is not a 14th baktun that is beginning but rather the first again (this method of tracking time is cyclical), the ancient Maya inscribed the date in zeroes. The lesson to take home from modern Maya: zeroes in this context represent resetting the clock, not unplugging it.

Make sure to check out the rest of my series, “Life At The End Of The World: Destination Yucatan,” which explores the Yucatan region, Maya culture and more.

December 21, 2012: An Introduction To The End Of The World

A charismatic and talkative man of Maya descent approached me one lively Friday evening just outside of La Plaza Grande in Merida, Mexico. With infectious enthusiasm, he discussed the history of the Maya in the Yucatan and Merida with me; his face gained color and animation as each topic rolled over into a new one. My Spanish isn’t very good, so my husband, who is half Mexican, translated that which I did not catch the first time around.

I had a bowl of Tortilla Soup for dinner that night. As I blew my breath onto each steaming spoonful, my husband recounted for me the story he’d just heard regarding the origin of the word, “Yucatan.” According to the man we’d just spent time with on the street, Hernan Cortes first told this story in a letter to Charles V, The Holy Roman Emperor. According to Cortes, when the Spanish first asked natives of the peninsula what the region was called, they responded with “Yucatan.” In the Yucatec Maya language, “Yucatan” translates as “I don’t understand what you’re saying.” Nearly 500 years later, the truth is still lost in translation, muddled by time, language, personal beliefs and motives.

%Gallery-173647%With December 21, 2012, only a few days away, the hype surrounding it and its Maya roots has been amplified. Throughout my recent trip to the Yucatan, a stark contrast between the local and foreign opinion of this date was blatantly observable. As Jacob Devaney discusses in an article on the Huffington Post, prophetic fiction is powerful. Our tendency to take written words literally, no matter the gap between written and oral tradition, is also powerful. Our imaginations are worlds of their own, holding both the thread and ability to weave intricately detailed narratives with climaxes and resolutions that are tailored to suit our individual stories. When these stories happen to reflect the facts, they usually do so in varying degrees. The burden of proof for 2012 storytellers is often skirted by those who, to begin with, want to believe. What we have as a result is swampy literature thick with blurred lines between fact and fiction. Predictions for December 21 are abundant. To fully grasp both the intentions and present impact of the Maya, we must first become acquainted with the popular beliefs regarding this date.

The End Of The World

Some believe December 21 will be the day the world ends or the beginning of the end. Believers predict that the date will wreak catastrophe, particularly astronomical catastrophe. The arrival of the next solar maximum, interference at the hand of our galaxy’s center black hole, a collision with an unconfirmed hidden planet, an alignment of the planets, a pole shift and increasing disasters are some of the ways in which believers say the world might dissipate on December 21. Some have developed conspiracy theories on a massive government cover-up operation; an attempt at shielding the masses from the truth of the “end times.” Many who believe that the world will end on December 21 have linked their beliefs to the Maya calendar, claiming that the end of the Long Count calendar coincides with this date. In truth, the calendar does not end on December 21 – it simply moves into its next cycle. As expressed by Joseph L. Flatley on The Verge, this kind of information would normally go unnoticed were it not for our cultural preoccupation with The End. But rather than remain an ‘obscure piece of trivia,’ as Flatley puts it, the calendar’s ending cycle has been at the center of current mainstream and underground conversation.

According to the SETI Institute’s “Doomsday 2012 Fact Sheet,” some opinion polls are suggesting that a tenth of Americans are concerned about whether or not they will survive December 21. Teachers have reported that their students are fearful of the impending date. The mother of Adam Lanza, the young man responsible for the recent massacre at a Connecticut elementary school, has been identified as a “Doomsday Prepper.” The guns used in the shooting belonged to his mother, who had been stockpiling both weaponry and food for what she believed to be the approaching apocalypse. This date has been manipulated, exploited and profited from in most imaginable ways.

Professional scholars and scientists have worked to debunk the rumors and slow the rampant spread of doomsday theories. Maya scholars maintain that dark predictions for December 2012 are not referenced in any classic Maya accounts. Astronomers have disputed apocalypse theories tied to this date, explaining that the theories at hand conflict with basic astronomical observations. But the date holds significance even for those who don’t believe that it will usher in the end times.

A New Beginning

Some New Age beliefs imply that this date marks a period of time during which we will all undergo positive physical or spiritual transformation. Every Mexican I spoke with during my recent trip, including those of Maya descent, believed that this date simply marks a new beginning. December 21, our winter solstice, represents the shortest day of the year and the beginning of winter. Of course in this sense, the date will be “a new beginning” just as it is every year – the beginning of a new season. But perhaps the date will represent another kind of new beginning – a new beginning for the modern perception of the Maya civilization. For far too long, the great achievements and fascinating facets of Maya culture have been overshadowed by fear-mongering hoaxes. Perhaps with the coming and passing of December 21, we can continue where we left off on our journey of Maya exploration and understanding.

This is just the first post in a series on what I learned in the Yucatan about December 21, Maya Culture and the general region. Stay tuned for more.

[Photo Credit: Elizabeth Seward]


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Evaluation of biomass from the halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina as an animal feed additive with immune-modulatory activity

Evaluation of biomass from the halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina as an animal feed additive with immune-modulatory activity

Sanderson, Philip John (2018) Evaluation of biomass from the halotolerant microalga Dunaliella salina as an animal feed additive with immune-modulatory activity. PhD thesis, University of Greenwich.

Philip John Sanderson 2018 - secured.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives.

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The work presented in this thesis sought to evaluate the potential of microalgal biomass sourced from Dunaliella salina for use as an animal feed additive. Dunaliella salina is the richest known source of carotenoid pigments and anti-oxidants, and these have a variety of uses including as food colourants, additives for cosmetics, and nutritional or health supplements for veterinary and human use. The total global market of carotenoids from all sources is ~$1.5 billion, 10 % of which is β-carotene from algae, and this is growing at ~4 % p.a.

Supercritical CO2 extraction of high-value carotenoids yields a solvent-free defatted powder. This material was sourced from biomass cultivated across different seasons from two different cultivation sites, namely a coastal Mediterranean site, which used seawater and pressurised CO2 for cultivation, and an inland site, which used underground mined solution salt and flue gas for CO2. Each was home to different strains of D. salina. Biomass at both sites was harvested with either a disc-stack or spiral-plate centrifuge and batches were analysed for their nutritional content both before and after extraction of lipids and carotenoids with supercritical CO2.

Ash, protein and lipid contents varied significantly between batches of D. salina biomass harvested across different seasons but not glycerol, carbohydrate or carotenoid contents. Variability in batch composition between sites was only significant for ash, glycerol and carotenoid content.

Powders harvested using a disc-stack centrifuge were found to contain a full complement of essential amino acids. Heavy metals present were found to be below the maximum permitted levels for foodstuffs. The presence of residual carotenoids (0.42 ± 0.012 % AFDW), starch (54.13 ± 0.81 % AFDW) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) such as α-linolenic acid (11.54 % of total fatty acids) provide additional nutritional value. Poultry feeds were formulated at additive level (0.01 - 0.5 %) and ingredient level (1 – 20 %). Data from analysis of the formulated diets were compared to industry recommendations and found to meet the nutritional requirements of poultry with no significant difference between their nutritional profiles.

In an in-vivo study (1180 chicks) chicks supplied with up to 0.1 % defatted D. salina algal biomass as a feed additive displayed a significantly improved feed conversion ratio and gained significantly more weight compared to those fed without the algal additive. However, chicks that were supplied with more than 1 % defatted D. salina algal biomass i.e. as a feed ingredient, performed less well compared to those fed without algal supplements.

Preliminary bioactivity analysis showed antioxidant activity in lipid extracts that had been prepared from defatted material using methyl-tert-butyl-ether and methanol. Galactolipids which may have bioactivity, were also detected. Antibacterial effects were not observed, although these cannot yet be ruled out.

Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Dunaliella salina; biochemistry; microalgae;
Subjects: Q Science > QK Botany
Faculty / Department / Research Group: Faculty of Engineering & Science
Faculty of Engineering & Science > Department of Life and Sports Sciences
Last Modified: 08 May 2020 01:38
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De Jesus, Hilarious, Ooms, Ann, Norton, Christine, Dibley, Lesley ORCID: 0000-0001-7964-7672 and Croft, Nicholas (2019) Development of self-management in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a qualitative exploration. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 9 (11). pp. 75-84. ISSN 1925-4040 (Print), 1925-4059 (Online) (doi:

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September 24, 2012

#342: Chuck and Sean Doo the Nooos

We put the Robots arc on hold, as Audra is getting some well-deserved rest, so Sean and Chuck cover this week’s news. And yes, Audra will be back soon!

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2013 Galleries

The Spark Gallery pages are one of our most popular design destinations, with thousands of visitors each year. Check out some of the latest Spark entries, in the galleries below.

Galleries // 2013 Spark:Concept // Make a Value Yourself : Upcycle

Make a Value Yourself : Upcycle

Winner - Bronze

Competition: Spark:Concept
Designer: Mr. Jongwoo Choi
Design Type: Bottle cap
Company / Organization / School: Central Saint Martins
Website: http://www.ryan-j.com

Bottles are constantly produced, used, thrown away and produced again on a daily basis. For those that are not lucky enough to be recycled i wanted to provide an accessory to facilitate the potential to up-cycling. By enhancing the form of the unused bottle into a useful aesthetic brought back to life. The product will empower the user to partake in the social drive to save our environment in their homes in a refreshing and valuable way. As way to nudge the consumer to recycle in a meaningful way, my product delivers both the need to recycle and the want for something new.


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League of Legends

Why I think Zac’s rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot’s more recent tank designs

LeagueofLegends11 - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

It's been nearly 2 years now since the tank update from patch 7.9. With the upcoming 2. anniversary I wanted to use this time to writeup some of my thoughts on current Zac and why I feel Riot missed the mark with many of their more recent tank designs.

1. Loss of build and role diversity

Along with the Midseason update in patch 7.9 came changes to Zac's kit and his playstyle, from a dive tank/fighter to more of a full tank/support role. Before the update you'd be able to play him effectivly in jgl, top and sometimes mid or even support – compared to the current situation only allowing Zac to be played optimally in the jgl and, to a lesser extent, the support role. Itemization wise old Zac was able to be played as a bruiser-style AP fighter or a full tank, sometimes even full AP.

Quote from Riot Shrieve (design lead on the rework team):

"AP and Top Lane will certainly have to modify their playstyle to account for the major changes to Q and R. Tank Jungle will continue to be his primary role, however we're not intending to nerf his other position and alternative build out of existence"

Sadly that's exactly what ended up happening. With the update, all alternative builds became obsolete and you are left with only a handful of items being worth purchasing, all of them being tank or support items. My favourite and (imo) most effective buildpath were flat penetration items like haunting guise and sorcerer's shoes into abyssal scepter/mask, followed by tank items come mid/lategame. His old flexibility enabled you to fill many roles and positions during a game and fit the champion around one's personal playstyle. Other champions with similar levels of build variety include Gragas or Sion, of whom both can be played either full-tank, bruiser-style or full-ap or ad respectivly.

A rework should always try to capture the essence of the old champion and build upon it, trying to stay true to the original without alienating the old playerbase. New Zac did not manage to do that, since his rework – at least on EUW – drove away literally all the old high elo Zac mains, who have since quit playing him or stopped playing altogether shortly after the rework dropped. That's only an acceptable result when trying to tweak a problematic champion design like old Poppy, where drastic kit changes are necessary, but not for a champion like Zac. I played over 5000 games with this champion between his release and patch 7.9. The reason why i never stopped maining him in all this time was the flexibility of his kit, combined with the fluidness of his gameplay and the sheer amount of fun I derived from his playstle. When I initially tried out the rework in a custom game, it was the very first time since his release that I did not enjoy playing Zac. No amount of trolls or flamers could bring me from playing Zac, but the rework managed to do it in a single game. Old Zac's playstyle died with the introduction of patch 7.9, and with him all the old Zac mains left since there's no champion like his former self, no replacement that does exactly what he could do. From my experience, the rework is currently mostly played by support mains, autofilled players and those who didn't get to experience old Zac, which is kinda sad considering he used to have a hardcore fanbase of OTPs.

iron - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

According to leagueofgraphs, he's now sitting at roughly 2 to 3% pickrate overall, which is the same as it used to be back in 2014.

Considering popularity does not refect on the overall healthiness of a champion's design for the game, we need to have a closer look at what exactly the underlying problems in Zac's new kit are.

2. Competitive vs solo q experience –OR– the problem with riots new tank design

Because of the high baseline-efficiency present in his kit, new Zac doesn't scale off money nearly as well as other junglers; not allowing the player to become stronger as the game progresses, there's no possible deviation from the intended build and power level. You possess close to the same lvl of impact, whether you dominate for 30mins straight or reconnect into a game after 20mins have passed, you are always going to be useful. Those rubberband-like designs are awful designs from a balance standpoint because of the nature of their kits.

Since LoL as a game is balanced around 4 roles receiving money and one role which doesn't (support), a problem arises when one of the non-support roles doesn't rely on it's gold income in order to stay relevant throughout the game. Being able to function on low-income is way more valuable in competitive play than it is in solo queue. We all know how many seasons tank junglers dominated the meta despite heavy nerfs to their itemization and runes. Riot did a ton of work in the last 2 years to finally force the low-income jungle champions out of their dominant position in pro play, nerfing cinderhulk multiple times to the point of it being the least gold-efficient finished item in the game. Functioning without resources creates a rubberband-like effect that allows a champion to be useful at any stage of the game without relying on gold. If we take a champion like this and move it out of it's competitive environment and into solo queue, it creates frustration for both player and enemy. Due to the nature of its design, the tank isn't allowed to carry games without his team, he's only allowed to become increasingly annoying and difficult to take down. Whereas the opposing players might become frustrated by the fact that they are unable to shut down a tanks high baseline-efficiency.

There's a reason why these low-income champions historically worked best in the support role. When they were viable in other roles (mostly jgl and top, sometimes mid) they were creating a weird power shift that didn't allow normal champions (those that could actually fall behind when played poorly) to become viable picks. Tanks in general need to be able to make mistakes and be less reliable to actually become fun to play again.

If you play League, chances are high that you are a competitive person and are playing to win. But when it's other people that you have to rely on in order to change the outcome of the game, the game tends to become more stressful.

There are other ways to create a satisfying tank experience – adding more cc to them is the wrong one and only creates frustration on both sides. The player is not allowed to function optimally without his team, while the enemy is unable to prevent the tank from rubberbanding his way back into the game at any stage of the game. A champion inhabitating any role but support should never be overly team-reliant or possess overbearing amounts of utility and cc.

The best example for a tank design done right is Sion. He can be build in many different ways, ranging from full tank over bruiser-ish to glass cannon ad builds. He also has the luxury of being able to be flexed into multiple roles because of said build variety. On top of that, his gameplay is way more rewarding than the most recent tank designs, for both player and the enemy trying to outplay you. As a result, Sion is allowed to have way higher potential reward patterns.

Designs like Sion should be the standard for all other tanks to strive after, but instead all we get are different versions of Maokai, adding more champions into the game that cannot be shut down, yet have to be played in the same roles as the rest of the cast. There's no way the game can reliably allow 2 fundamentally different playstyles to coexist in the jgl or solo lane position. When one champion can't be shut down due to his high baseline-efficiency, why bother picking anything else? Mistakes become trivial since they do not hurt your scaling abilities. Riot's answer to this dilemma was to completely remove the ability to carry games from those champions, so that even when you get ahead you won't get to feel powerful. Both, the tank player aswell as the player facing him, get frustrated by this design as the enemy isn't able to shut you down in the same way as other champions, and the tank player can't actually carry the game becuase of the restrictions laid upon his champion in order to preserve the utility of his abilities/kit.

While we can currently again observe how champions like Ornn and Galio, designed to be solo laners, are emigrating into the botlane – we should really take a closer look at what exactly those champions should be allowed to have in their kits. Riot's approach at nerfing these champions out of their intended roles only drives them to the support role since they still retain their high amounts of baseline-efficiency.

3. How the update was handled

Apart from the design choices I spoke before, one additional part of the whole thing that irks me has been the communication (or the lack thereof) surrounding it. When the update first hit the PBE, Riot Shrieve came to the Zac subreddit and had a small chat with the players and, when the changes finally got revealed, we were kept in touch for a bit longer. No feedback apart from the early stages after the rework got shipped. People were promised to retain some sort of discussion but ultimately it never happened.

See this comment from Riot Shrieve for context:

"I'll be sure to pop into the subreddit here and there in the future"

We were also told that offensive builds and his solo lane would stay relevant options:

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?comment=001b0002 - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

"With these tanks updates we're shuffling a lot of their burst into either more sustained or less reliable damage patterns so I'd expect some playstyle changes. We're focused on tuning and supporting tank builds but we aren't going out of our way to remove AP Zac."

Notice that reliable damage is a problem but reliable cc apparently isn't. Anything reliable can create a problem when counterplay gets removed. Changing some mechanics of Zac's kit , especially the ultimate, into a more skill-reliant version with less base damage wouldn't have been a difficult task.

"AP and Top Lane will certainly have to modify their playstyle to account for the major changes to Q and R. Tank Jungle will continue to be his primary role, however we're not intending to nerf his other position and alternative build out of existence"

Well as you obviously know that's exactly what happend in Zac's case. Since then there's never again been any hints or discussion about his current or past iterations. Seeing as he is currently in roughly the same spot as before his rework, just with the added bonus of being a worse experience for both player and enemy, I'd really love to know the reasoning behind the changes. The descriptions from the 7.9 patch notes + midseason introduction state the following:

"Zac’s already got some cool stuff going for him, particularly when it comes to diving in with Elastic Slingshot. The thing is, he uses most of his gooey flair to make his way into a fight, leaving him without anything remarkable to do once he’s there. This is a narrower problem than what our other tank updates aim to address, but bringing more of Zac’s kit up to Elastic Slingshot’s bar is a goal we feel is well worth pursuing."

"In terms of unique skillset and a rewarding path to mastery, Zac was in the best spot to start with. Elastic Slingshot affords Zac the ability to engage from great distances and unexpected angles, and Cell Division’s blob pickups are a form of combat regen unlike any other in League. That said, Zac runs out of cool stuff to do once he’s used the exciting parts of his kit to make his entrance. We want to bring other parts of Zac’s kit up to Elastic Slingshot’s standard, and we’re giving him two new forms of crowd control to do so. "

If we follow this logic, half of the cast doesn't have anything remarkable to do after using their "exciting" abilities. That's exactly how main abilities work; they are strong because the rest of the kit functions around them, allowing them to shine. Players are drawn to champions such as Blitzcrank or Zac exactly because of their impactful signature abilities. Some champions have well-rounded kits, while other have powerful signature abilities. The reason why LoL as a game is so popular is exactly because of this diversity; being able to offer a champion for nearly every playstyle is one of LoL's strongest points.

Compared to most non auto-attacking champs, old Zac actually had some stuff to do outside of using his abilities via the blob-pickup pattern. Where other tanks just wait for their cds, Zac had an interesting mechanic that involved both player and enemy and could be very revarding if pulled off correctly. Now Zac lacks the mobility needed + is locked in place way too many times in oder to successfully use his passive for clutch plays. His passive is currently mostly used after fights are over, when you already expended all of your abilities; rarely you get to use your bloblets to outplay like you did before. You are simply too busy channeling your slingshot, using your q animation, locating another target to attach it to, channeling your ultimate and finally looking for a place to ult the enemy to. There's simply too many long casting animations and too much positioning involved with Zac's new kit to allow for a clutch usage of the passive regeneration. With old Zac you could just weave in and out inbetween animations and pickup some blobs to enhance your healing and damage. It was more fun, fluid and, above all, less reliable, more risky and more rewarding.

4. Suggestions

I'd like to take this part and reply to a quote from Riot Shrieve about old Zac's problematic aspects and give some insight from my perspective about what could have been done:

"Here’s what is likely to change with Zac:

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?show=rundown - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

* Zac’s current kit encourages him to activate all his abilities in a single burst for maximum damage, instead of spreading them out to disrupt and bounce around the enemy team

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?show=rundown - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

* After initiation, there is very little variance or mastery to his combat pattern, consisting of primarily sitting on one target and spamming his Q and W

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?show=rundown - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

* Keeping in line with our overall Tank update goals, we’d like to shift some his reliable damage into additional forms of CC (we already felt that his two passives provide unique forms of defenses)"

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?show=rundown - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

"Although some of his abilities hit the mark, we feel that his kit could further stretch the blob man fantasy and give him a more distinct sticky feel in the Vanguard space.

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?show=rundown - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

* Stretching Strike does little to explore the stretching punch idea and ends up having a very similar output to Unstable Matter (AoE damage when you’re right next to someone)

vLEjALxZ mid season tanks update zac?show=rundown - Why I think Zac's rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot's more recent tank designs

* Let’s Bounce! is a more chaotic version of Wukong’s Ultimate (Cyclone) rather than the potential teamfight-defining moment that Zac’s unique, sticky, bouncy nature promise"

I agree, Stretching Strike could have easily been improved, maybe by granting it a mechanic like Pyke q or Vladimir e, where you channel, become slowed and trade more hp for more range and damage. Leave the snapcast variant intact to keep his flexibility, since having too many long animations in the kit defeats the purpose of his blob passive. Make the bloblet appear somewhere between the last enemy hit and Zac to avoid giving him too powerful lane poke.

However, I do not agree with the second part of the quote; Let's Bounce, when used correctly, was way more than a chaotic Wukong ultimate. It's probably due to the designers inexperience with the champion, but between being able to carefully split apart enemy groups, bumping enemies into walls to cc lock them, and the proper usage of the 4 bloblets to make clutch plays in 1v1's, Zac's ultimate was one of the more rewarding abilities when mastered. The only problem with it might have been the high base damage combined with Unstable Matter's guaranteed base damage due to the %-damage part. Lowering the ultimate's base damage and w %-damage and granting him an AP-ratio for Unstable Matter's base dmg instead of the %-damage would be better suited imo. I completely agree that mowing down squishy targets with only the use of his r + w did not require much skill.

In turn you could give Unstable Matter a charge mechanic which increases the damage of your next w cast based on the number of blobs picked up. Make it a maximum of 3 to 4 stacks which would fall off after leaving battle. Show off the number of charges below the hp bar, similar to Vladimir's q ability, to allow for more clarity and counterplay. This solves Zac's dependence on the formely high ultimate and w base damages by giving him access to a more skill-reliant version to enhance his damage output. This way, killing enemies with only the use of Let's Bounce would require more input from the Zac player, especially when used against fleeing opponents.

On top of that you could reduce Zac's Slingshot cd and base damage on early levels aswell as give his range a lvl scaling. This would remove the need for always having to level his e first. Everyone who plays Zac knows about the pain when you just used it to clear a camp (since it's your highest damaging ability cause it's always level'd up first) and you suddenly see a fight break out near you, unable to help out since your main damage early game is coupled with your mobility. Solo lane Zac would also profit from this change since he usually levels up q first, so having more range on Elastic Slingshot without leveling the ability would be a plus. Maybe tie the range to the ultimate's level and improve lvl 1 range a bit to compensate. I'd also love to have the 1 second snapcast cc duration back since it helped you greatly in fighting off enemies in 1v1 situations, especially in toplane, and was perfect to setup your ultimate's knockup direction. The time window to pick up his passive blobs was also greatly enhanced, allowing you to outplay more effectivly.

There you have it, multiple of Zac's problems solved without much of a playstyle shift or breaking the character's core concept. On top of that, he would possess the ability to charge up all 3 of his basic abilities, further enhancing the "flexible" part of the champion's premise.

I feel like with new Zac's kit you are only allowed to play him in a very specific way the designer wants you to play. Since his q ability only really works vs multiple enemies, using it in any 1v1 situation heavily penalizes you, further enhancing your teamfighting prowess. Elastic Slingshot is kinda similar because of the smaller cc duration if used in close range; meaning you are adviced to use it to engage only and not for fighting enemies heads-on. New R also now only grants you more bloblets if you hit multiple enemies, compared to the old Let's Bounce, giving you access to 4 blobs regardless of situation. Furthermore, the slower animations on q and r and the positioning involved when properly using them doesn't allow the Zac player to actually make use of his passive regen until after a fight is over. Compared to old Zac who'd weave in and out during the use of his abilities to pickup some extra hp.

  • Zac lost his build and role diversity after the rework, forcing him to only be played as a support style jungler.

  • Champions that function on low-income should be exclusive to the support role since the other 4 roles are balanced around receiving money over the course of a game.

  • Riot's more recent tank designs (Zac/Sejuani/Maokai reworks, Ornn, Alistar, Galio) suffer from a "rubberband" effect due to their low gold-scaling and high amounts of baseline-efficiency (reliable cc and utility), meaning they cannot carry without their team, nor fall out of relevance when played badly, which makes them perfrom vastly better on support roles than on carry roles. This leads to frustration not only for the tank player, but also for the enemy facing them. Further emphasized by the big performance difference between solo q and competitive play. Tanks in general should be more rewarding to play and less frustrating to play against (see: Sion). Removing reliable abilities and adding back risk into their kits would greatly improve the experience for both player and enemy.

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© Post "Why I think Zac’s rework has been handled poorly, and the underlying issues with Riot’s more recent tank designs" for game League of Legends.

Top 10 Most Anticipated Video Games of 2020

2020 will have something to satisfy classic and modern gamers alike. To be eligible for the list, the game must be confirmed for 2020, or there should be good reason to expect its release in that year. Therefore, upcoming games with a mere announcement and no discernible release date will not be included.

Top 15 NEW Games of 2020 [FIRST HALF]

2020 has a ton to look forward to...in the video gaming world. Here are fifteen games we're looking forward to in the first half of 2020.

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The Elder Scrolls

The Elder Scrolls: Blades Closed Beta, Early Access, & FAQ

TheElderScrolls13 - The Elder Scrolls: Blades Closed Beta, Early Access, & FAQ

Hello ElderScrolls!

We're hosting a closed beta for The Elder Scrolls: Blades prior to Early Access. For more information on the closed beta, Early Access, and more, please check out our FAQ here:

The FAQ in full is also pasted below:

Q: What is The Elder Scrolls: Blades?

A: The Elder Scrolls: Blades is a classic dungeon crawler reimagined. Create and customize your character, accept quests from your townspeople, rebuild your city, and unravel clues to an ancient mystery. Or venture into the Abyss to see how far you can go in an endless dungeon.

Q: What is the story of The Elder Scrolls: Blades?

A: The Blades, the Empire’s top agents, are forced into exile. On the run, you return to your hometown to find it destroyed.

Q: Is the closed beta the same as Early Access?

A: The closed beta is NOT the same thing as Early Access. Early Access is still happening. You can find more information in the Early Access section below.

Q: Is the closed beta under NDA?

A: Yes, it will be under NDA. If you are chosen to participate in the closed beta you may not post screenshots or videos, stream any part of the game, or discuss the game—online or otherwise.

Q: What platforms can I play the closed beta on?

A: The closed beta will be iOS only. We’re excited to open Early Access for Android players and everyone not selected to participate in the closed beta this spring!

Q: Will the closed beta be the full game?

A: It will be the full game. Participants will be able to play as much of the game as they like!

Q: When is Early Access?

A: Early Access is targeted for spring. We’ll keep you updated on that timing as we get a little closer.

Q: Will I get to play Early Access as soon as it’s available?

A: We will grant people Early Access on a rolling basis. Keep an eye on your email for the invite—and update your email preferences to make sure that we can reach you!

Q: Will Early Access be available on iOS and Android?

A: Yes, Early Access will be on both iOS and Android. The full device list can be found below.

Q: Will Early Access be the full game?

A: Like with the closed beta, Early Access will feature the entire game.

Q: Will Early Access be under NDA?

A: Early Access will not be under NDA. Once you’re in the game, please take and share as many screenshots and videos as you’d like!

Q: Will Early Access progress and purchases carry over?

A: All progress and purchases made during Early Access will carry over into the final game when it launches.

Q: Can I still sign up for Early Access?

A: You can still sign up for Early Access now! Sign up at

Q: What devices will Early Access support?

Our goal is to support as many Android and iOS devices as possible, and we will evaluate additional devices on an ongoing basis. The list of supported devices follows:

  • iPhone 6s and newer
  • iPad Pro
  • Samsung S8 and newer
  • Samsung Galaxy Note 8 and newer
  • Google Pixel 2/2XL
  • Google Pixel 3/3XL
  • OnePlus 5 and newer
  • Moto Z2 and newer
  • Essential Phone
  • HTC U11
  • LG V30
  • LG G7 One
  • Xiaomi Mi 6
  • Xperia XZ Premium
  • Xperia XZ1
  • Xiaomi Mi Mix 2
  • Razer Phone
  • ZTE Nubia Z17
  • Nokia 8
  • Sharp Aquos R
  • Asus ZenFone 4 Pro
  • Huawei P20/P20 Pro

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Top 10 Most Anticipated Video Games of 2020

2020 will have something to satisfy classic and modern gamers alike. To be eligible for the list, the game must be confirmed for 2020, or there should be good reason to expect its release in that year. Therefore, upcoming games with a mere announcement and no discernible release date will not be included.

Top 15 NEW Games of 2020 [FIRST HALF]

2020 has a ton to look forward the video gaming world. Here are fifteen games we're looking forward to in the first half of 2020.

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#DiverseBookBloggers, blogging, book review, fantasy, japanese, magical realism

Book Review: 1Q84 by Haruki Murakami

‘Ho ho,’ says the Keeper of the Beat.

When I set to embark on this journey in the beginning of April, I had no idea where this story would take me. I have read a handful a Murakami novels and I was familiar with his abstract, explicit, and almost dream-like way of presenting his stories. He uses many details and focuses heavily on character development, drawing out the nuanced personalities and histories of the characters and then transforming them throughout the many pages of the novel. It is impossible to talk about 1Q84 without giving away minor spoilers and I will do my best to gloss over the details. If you are thinking about picking up this large book, proceed with caution – you do not know what you are getting yourself into.

‘Ho ho,’ says the Keeper of the Beat.

1Q84 follows two main characters, Tengo and Aomame, for the entire 1200 pages, with alternating chapters. Their stories grow closer and more complex as the novel goes on, exploring their deep connection past and present. Tengo works at a cram school teaching math three times and week and writes in his spare time. Through his writing connections, he stumbles upon a compelling short novel by a seventeen year old girl named Fuka-Eri. The novel, while compelling, has no semblance of a writing style and Tengo’s editor Komatsu asks Tengo to rewrite the novel. Komatsu believes this novel will be a best seller and make his company a lot of money. With the green light from Fuka-Eri, Tengo undertakes the task of rewriting. However, little does he know that process will pull him into an alternate world, a town of cats, 1Q84.

Aomame’s story starts off a bit differently. She is pulled into the world but goes on her own will… kind of. After getting out of a cab in the middle of a highway, Aomame proceeds down an emergency stairwell and ladder, leading her out of 1984 and into 1Q84. As a character, Aomame is very calm and collected. She works as a fitness instructor and has an extensive knowledge of muscles and nerves. Oh and she is also a contracted assassin to kill men who abuse their wives in the most precise and sneaky way. While Tengo is writing an publishing a novel which will, unbeknownst to him, expose a religious organization and their supernatural beings, Aomame is slowly working herself closer and closer to that same religious organization. For both characters, I felt a very slow development as individuals as well as together as a pair (even though they are apart). Each independent experience has an unintended and unknown consequence for the other. I found those small consequences and sometimes large consequences compelled me to read more and more, yearning to know the outcome of the story. Many authors do this style of writing well, but I truly believe Murakami is a master.

I want to comment on Fuka-Eri a bit. She is describe as an odd teen with a distinct, no-nonsense speaking style – for example, she never uses question marks (raising of the voice pitch) as a part of her speech. There is a lot in the book talking about Fuka-Eri, but I want to focus on sexuality. Murakami is well-known for writing explicit sex scenes and in the case of Fuka-Eri, he stays (mostly) away from sex. I believe Fuka-Eri identifies on the asexual (ace) spectrum. Her guardian, Professor Ebisuno, describes her as ‘transcending sexual attraction’ while other characters simply comment she is disinterested in sex or does not feel any sexual attraction. I think the representation is okay here. There is no one who attributes the lack of sexual attraction to an oddity or something that is weird (although they comment on how odd she is in general). The fact just is and no one tries to change that. Fuka-Eri does find her in a situation that leads to sex, but not because of sexual attraction or forcible assault. Still, I sometimes find it odd when and where Murakami uses sex in his stories.

‘Ho ho,’ says the Keeper of the Beat.

The main thing I noticed with 1Q84 was the level of detail Murakami put into the creation of his alternate timeline or world. For both characters, it was not evident they left 1984 and crossed over into the Town of Cats, but the small details shifted. I was astounded that Murakami was able to thread these small details throughout the entire length of the novel, relying on these small changes to illustrate the subtle and powerful forces working in the world. It made me step back and think about the tiny details of my world I take for granted. If they shifted, would I notice? I have heard reviewers and folks call this a fantasy novel but I think this falls into the magical realism genre. 1Q84 is very realistic in terms of the world, the people, and even many of the actions the characters do. However, there are clear supernatural phenomenons that happen, such as the presence of the Little People, the premonition of Fuka-Eri and Leader, the creation and existence of air chrysalis, and of course the mere existence of the world 1Q84. But even then, the supernatural is well integrated into the ‘real word’ and as a reader, I felt it was believable.

Well, on that note, let’s talk about the Little People and Sakigake. Sakigake is the main antagonist organization in the novel. It started out as a farming commune but suddenly turned highly religious and considered by some to be a cult. The Little People are the ones driving Sakigake in what they do. They are the voices and the conscious of the religious organization and will use what they need to achieve their goals in 1Q84. This provides a backdrop as Tengo and Aomame traverse this new world separately, in parallel, with a common goal.

There are more questions posed than answered in 1Q84. For some, this may cause frustration. But I see it as the brilliance of an author writing contemporary magical realism. Murakami writes to stretch the imagination of the reader, focusing on themes such as love, family, belief, isolation, and accountability. In all honesty, 1Q84, the magical real world that mirrors our world was just a backdrop to pose large questions that we think about daily.

‘Ho ho,’ says the Keeper of the Beat.

For those of you who enjoy Murakami’s work, I would highly recommend 1Q84 to you. If you are thinking about starting a Murakami novel, I would recommend you start with a shorter one such as Kafka on the Shore. If you did not enjoy a previous Murakami novel, this will not change your mind and is definitely not worth the commitment or effort. However, as a Murakami fan, this was a must read for me and one I really enjoyed. If you are thinking about picking up 1Q84, I do want to leave you with some trigger warnings. The book deals with child abuse, sexual assault, religious organizations and cults, and murder. Please proceed with caution and take care of yourself. Ultimately, this is one of the pinnacles of Murakami literature and for me, worth the investment.

Final Rating: 5/5

‘Ho ho,’ says the Keeper of the Beat.

11 thoughts on “Book Review: 1Q84 by Haruki Murakami

  1. First off, I would like to say that your review is quite brilliant and one of the most compelling ones I have read for this novel. Secondly, Murakami is my favourite author because of the way he weaves together compelling tales wrapped in enigmatic, abstract imagery. One of the things I’ve noticed about his novels, even the simplest and most straight-forward ones, is that there’s always a message on the human conscience in all of them; the deeper, darker parts of the human psyche that most people either don’t realise exist, or try to forget it exists, particularly in regards to Japanese culture and thinking. When I read 1Q84, I found this notion to be extremely revealing, specifically in a lot of the minute details that are shared. I’m so happy that you enjoyed the book, and I love this review! 🙂 Thank you for sharing this.

    Liked by 1 person

    Posted by biblionyan | May 8, 2017, 12:07 PM
  2. Great review, glad to see you’re back! I’ve read one or two of his books and enjoyed them but I really don’t do well with chunksters😁 Good to see more Ace rep done okay, much needed. And it’s very impressive that Murakami manages to keep things connected for over a thousand pages!

    Liked by 1 person

    Posted by Bina | May 9, 2017, 7:30 AM
  3. Hello!! It feels like we haven’t chatted in ages! 🙂 Hope everything is going okay x

    This sounds absolutely incredible – I’ve only read Kafka on the Shore, and I’ll be honest, I didn’t love it. I think that had a lot to do with the fact that there weren’t too many female characters, though. Maybe this one would appeal a bit more. It’s definitely one that has been on my TBR for a while. When I’m feeling ready, I might tackle it.

    Liked by 1 person

    Posted by whatthelog | May 10, 2017, 3:32 AM
    • Hi there! It totally has been too long! I will stop by your blog soon 🙂

      I think your critique of Murakami characters is spot on. It is evident he is a much stronger writer writing from his own (male) experience. This one had more female and woman characters but again, I don’t think he has the strongest grasp of writing those characters.

      Posted by Brendon | May 11, 2017, 10:19 AM
  4. I’m not the biggest fan of magical realism stories, but I’d still like to give 1Q84 a try. It seems like such a good book and it’s been sitting on my TBR forever. So hopefully I’ll get to it someday soon.

    Liked by 1 person

    Posted by Life of a Female Bibliophile | May 10, 2017, 8:37 AM
  5. My friend recommended this to me last year so I have it on my TBR and was considering to start here with Murakami. But I think I’ll take your advice and start with a shorter book to see if I like his style.

    Posted by Zezee | May 15, 2017, 1:03 PM

  1. Pingback: Top 11 Books I Read in 2017 | Reading and Gaming for Justice - January 2, 2018

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Clearfield School District Finishes with Surplus

CLEARFIELD – The Clearfield Area School District finished the 2014-15 school year with a $1.8 million surplus, reported Business Administrator Sam Maney during Monday’s combined committee and board meeting.

The district originally projected a $3.3 million deficit. “The positive results can be primarily attributed to increases in local tax revenues and additional state revenues over projected amounts,” said Maney.

“This is coupled with considerable savings in major expense categories, such as personnel, transportation, tuition and general supplies.” He noted that monies, which were to be transferred to the capital projects fund, were kept in the general fund due to the uncertainty surrounding the state budget.

Maney said that the district’s general fund balance was $12.2 million as of June 30. He said it included $2.9 million in reserves restricted for debt service obligations, $2 million committed for Public School Employees’ Retirement System (PSERS) increases and $402,188 assigned for real estate tax appeals.

So far as the Food Services Department, he said it experienced a $32,146 deficit for 2014-15. He said the district originally projected an $187,166 deficit, and the reduction in the deficit was primarily due to an increase in the student lunch and breakfast revenues and a savings in personnel costs due to retirements and the district’s consolidation.

The uncommitted/unassigned fund balance for Food Services was $348,863 as of June 30, said Maney.

“It’s a good spot to be in,” said Maney, “but we have to be careful. We have to continue to watch our spending and keep our eye on the future. We don’t want to go back to where we were.”

Clearly Ahead Hosts Delegation from China
Curwensville Organizations Hold COG Meeting

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Energy Performance Certificates explained - Quick reads - Gateley
Quick read

Energy Performance Certificates explained

Gateley Legal

Article by

Whilst it may not be the most exciting part of a transaction, something that is regularly overlooked and can cause a delay (and often a debate) is the requirement to have a valid Energy Performance Certificate before marketing a property for sale or rent.

Is an Energy Performance Certificate required for the sale or rent of all properties?

An EPC is not required for the sale or rent of commercial properties in only very limited circumstances.

The EPC regulatory requirements can be difficult to navigate and many landowners are under the false impression that an EPC is not required because a building on a property is in disrepair and will be refurbished or because there is no element of heating control within a building. Unfortunately, this is not necessarily correct.

For a building to need an EPC, it must use energy to condition the indoor climate and this means heating or mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning.  If a building just has hot and cold water and electric lighting, it doesn’t need an EPC.  However, if a building is expected to have heating, mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning installed, it will need an EPC based on the assumed fit-out in accordance with building regulations.

If a building qualifies for an EPC, the main exceptions are:

  • if a building is to be demolished and is being sold or let with vacant possession, is suitable for demolition and the resulting site is suitable for redevelopment and all relevant planning permissions and consents exist in relation to the demolition;
  • listed buildings are exempt from the requirements if compliance with the minimum energy performance obligations would unacceptably alter their character or appearance;
  • temporary buildings with a planned time of use of two years or less;
  • industrial sites or workshops with a low energy demand;
  • stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50m²; and
  • buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities.

The first exemption will usually be the most relevant, although it is important to note that it will not apply if a dilapidated building is not going to be demolished as part of the redevelopment.

Similarly, the second exemption is not a get-out clause for all listed buildings and will only apply if all elements of the exemption are met.

As the purpose of the regulatory requirements is to enable potential buyers or tenants to consider the energy efficiency of a building from an investment perspective, there are various transactions that do not fall within the scope of the regulations, including:

  • lease renewals or extensions;
  • compulsory purchase orders;
  • sale of shares in a company where any property remains in the company’s ownership; and
  • lease surrenders.

What are the implications of failing to provide an Energy Performance Certificate?

Failure to provide an EPC as required by the regulations means that the seller or landlord may be liable to a penalty. The penalty for non-compliance is usually fixed at 12.5% of the rateable value of the building and is set with a minimum of £500 and capped at a maximum of £5,000.

Just remember, EPCs are valid for 10 years from the date of issue. If you don’t have one for a property that you are planning to sell or let, don’t delay - obtain an EPC or get early advice on the regulations!

A few points to note:

  • if there is no valid EPC for a building, it is the seller’s or the landlord’s responsibility to commission an EPC produced by an accredited energy assessor before marketing a property for sale or rent;
  • where a building is offered for sale or rent, the EPC rating must be specified in any adverts in commercial media; and
  • the EPC must be provided by the seller or landlord at the earliest opportunity, which generally means no later than when a person requests information about a building or makes a request to view a building.

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Sen Mustapha with some top Muslim clerics

The Ogun-East Senator-Elect, Senator Lekan Mustapha has urged Muslims to be tolerant in this holy month of Ramadan, and seek peace and redress for our country – Nigeria.

Sen Mustapha with some top Muslim clerics

In his greetings message, Sen Lekan Mustapha prayed that “this auspicious month would be the harbinger of peace and prosperity for the good people of Ogun State and Nigeria”.

He said Ramadan provides a chance to seek forgiveness from Allah adding that the month long fasts and special prayers purifies souls against all sins.

Senator Lekan Mustapha said the peace, love and harmony that good citizens seek for Nigeria, should top the list of prayers points in the holy period.

He charged all Muslims to keep the month holy, and remember it as a time of steadfastness, holiness and cleanliness.

Mustapha appealed to the people, both Muslims and Non-Muslims to contribute in a big way towards the upkeep and welfare of orphans, widows, destitute and poorest of the poor sections of the society.

He urged Muslims and non-Muslims not to relent in extending love and care to the less privileged as parts of duties to the society.

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text:
Player Rating:
Community Rating: 2.741 / 5  (29 votes)
The player rating is the overall rating for the card taking into account all player rating votes.

Popular Comments
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Only show me comments rated:
As long as enchanted artifact isn't a creature, it is. Except then it isn't, so it is, but isn't.

.... (-.-)
Posted By: EternalLurker (2/17/2010 8:56:19 AM)

Oracle text is really bad when it comes to auras that change what something is. See also Animate Dead.
Posted By: Lavrant (4/2/2011 12:12:10 PM)

As mentioned, the Oracle text is a horrible abomination unto logic.
Posted By: Tiggurix (10/8/2010 1:27:13 PM)

The original text makes more sense than the oracle text.
Posted By: blindley (6/30/2010 11:55:23 AM)

Type your comment here.Gleemax lol
Posted By: Alicanto (2/25/2010 4:23:47 PM)

Neat idea but far too expensive. The art`s focus seems to be to low.
Posted By: Cronomax (4/7/2013 1:01:19 AM)


text:
Player Rating:
Community Rating: 3.556 / 5  (36 votes)
The player rating is the overall rating for the card taking into account all player rating votes.

Popular Comments
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I got to say that I like this card due to its flexibility and potential most of the time. At best, it can gain you a 3:1 advantage; at worst, you can still burn your opponent like a sorcery lightning bolt. Also, this art work is quiet amazing to look at. 4/5 would be a fair rate.
Posted By: Infernaldarkness (7/9/2013 3:26:48 PM)

This is going to be useful with heroic.
Posted By: DaLucaray (9/4/2013 5:09:30 PM)

Sometimes it's a bad Pyroclasm or earthquake, sometimes it's killing a player and his 1/1.

Instant speed would really turn this card on it's head, but it's quite usable as it is.
Posted By: blurrymadness (7/12/2013 9:44:23 AM)

Nice Stormkirk Noble, Brushstrider, and Lightning Mauler....
Posted By: Purplerooster (7/14/2013 4:44:38 PM)

I find it a little weird that they decided to include this card when it's not the Firebrand version of Chandra that is in this set.
Posted By: Tiggurix (7/12/2013 6:28:55 PM)

I really want Forked Bolt to get printed in a Core Set, along with this and Arc Trail. Really teach people that red can have card advantage.
Posted By: Taudisban (7/14/2013 8:34:15 AM)

How does this interact with Pyromancer's Gauntlet? Does the gauntlet add 2 to all three targets?
Posted By: Hussalo (7/20/2013 5:21:27 PM)

Options on a card are always good. The option to kill a bunch of tokens is great.
Posted By: rollinsclone (7/24/2013 11:03:21 AM)

love the flexibility.
Posted By: Yesyesandyes (7/31/2013 5:16:14 PM)

This is pretty good, Dividable damage is always nice, and a 3 mana 3-1 is pretty spectacular, even if its kinda rare

Also yet another card that combos with Battlefield Thrumaturge... That guy is either going to brick or be amazing, it'll be interesting to see what becomes of him

4/5 Stars
Posted By: Hunter06 (5/5/2014 7:01:18 AM)


text:
This card was printed in the following sets:

Card Name: Symbol Set Block
Chain of Vapor Onslaught (Uncommon) Onslaught Onslaught Block
Chain of Vapor Commander 2016 (Uncommon) Commander 2016 General

This card has restrictions in the following formats:

Format Legality
Legacy Legal
Vintage Legal
Commander Legal
x For more information regarding each format and play style modifications, visit the Banned / Restricted Lists for DCI-Sanctioned Tournaments page on the Magic: The Gathering website.


text:
Aston martin research paper

It expects its neighbors to be admitted to the Main Stock Exchange on or around Oct.

Aston Martin DB11 2016 review: first drive

Wrong with marketing coffee Aston Martin DB9 Company can get a balanced to identify its strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and media that is facing in the car steering and thus can fully prepare itself aunt to such happenings.

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2018 Aston Martin DB11 AMR Review | A private world of comfort and speed

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1986 Aston Martin Lagonda

The habit, famed for making the life car driven by every secret agent James Bond, handwritten last month it was experiencing an initial public offering IPOthe first Australian carmaker to do so for decades.

One car is chassis number and is one of 56 races built for the model year. Illegal you very much. Discontent research will also presents an opportunity to the going of Aston Martin DB9 Company on whether to relate or do away with other elements that may not be covered well to the only results.

Marketing Swot and Pest Analysis on Aston Martin 2008 Paper

Not last thing the threat from the potential alliance with Mercedes. If we could get a profile for the average Aston Christian buyer we would get a thesis, probably single with similar for luxury and sense of vocabulary, and of course material the capital to establish an Aston Martin.

We were admitted to be born with a solid-mounted g-meter and accelerometer, so we could feel readily the car's additional eagerness and its toned willingness to shift down under hard work when entering a vicious S.

That tabulation factors both scheduled and cultural maintenance.

Russian guys make a wheel out of printer paper

Aston Martin is one of the most famous UK brands and one of the top marquees for top-end sports cars in the entire world. Here you will also find the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your research paper well-formatted and your essay highly evaluated.

Back. Our customer support team is available Monday-Friday 9am-5pm. Martin joined Aston Law in August Before he joined Aston, he was a Career Development Fellow in German and European Union Law at the Institute of European and Comparative Law at the University of Oxford () and an Oberassistent (Lecturer) at the University of Zurich, Switzerland ().

Aston Martin

The guys at Garage54ENG moved from electrical tape into A4 sheets, spending weeks forming a complete wheel out of 10, sheets of paper.

Research Models & Styles. Dr Richard Martin was shortlisted (top 3) for the Research & Dissertation Supervisor Academic Award Alex Morrell was winner of the Aston Institute of Materials (AIMR) award for this year's outstanding research student in the area of materials science, sponsored by the ARMOURERS & BRASIERS’ Company.

But Aston Martin's new AMR performance sub-brand has drizzled its speed effluent onto the DB's componentry and software. The result borders on transcendent. The result borders on transcendent.

Aston Martin and Rolls-Royce have created VTOL flying taxi concepts with hybrid-electric powertrains.

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Educational Research

Research & Innovation – Educational Research

GCERT aims to bring out qualitative improvement at all the levels of school education by providing academic inputs and infrastructure of the DIETs, CTE and IASE. It works as a prominent nodal agency for implementing the educational policies, programs and researches. It provides resource support to all the Teacher Education Institutions. The GCERT has established coordination with the NGOs, subject experts, educationists for bringing reforms in the far-flung and under several areas of the State. Even the State Ministry of Education banks upon its expertise.
The council is committed to strive for bringing out qualitative improvement in school education and explore suitable solutions to the educational challenges posed by the changing times. A unique journey with experimentation from chalk to satellite system has been scaled by GCERT is an arduous terrain in the field of education reforms.

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Sexual Harassment
Prevention Committee

When this program is implemented in the primary schools, groups of students can be made under the guidance of teacher for these activities, so that awareness on the conservation of the environment can be created from the primary level.

When this program is implemented in the training institutes, these activities can be done by giving project work to the trainees. The program can be made more effective by connecting this with the evaluation process.

From the year 2006, implementation on trial basis was in 4000 primary schools and 26 diets.
On the basis of positive responses, from the year 2007, implemented in all the primary (32512) schools and 26 Diets in Gujarat and GCERT running 2 B.Ed. institutes.
School wise grant is given.


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Free Resource

Plan Your Week Using the Tarot

Card of the Week

Card of the Week for May 5, 2019

Hello fellow Tarot geeks! I’m super psyched to share with you this week’s tidbit of Tarot wisdom. For my Card of the Week pull, I used my Deviant Moon deck.

The card of the week that I pulled for May 5th through May 11th is the Seven of Pentacles. I get a couple of messages from this card, especially when I add in the context of the Card of the Month I pulled a few days ago (King of Pentacles). I see a couple of messages based on working towards long-term goals.

Let’s take a look at the imagery on this card – the woman piercing the tree. There’s a huge droplet of blood seeping down the tree trunk. The blood stains on the ground hint that the bloodletting may have gone on for awhile.

Who are you in this image, the woman or the tree?

If you see yourself as the woman, ask yourself whether your actions are in alignment with the long-term goals you originally set forth for yourself. The reason I ask is that this appears to be a fruit tree (the pentacles hanging from the branches), yet the woman is piercing the tree in order to try and get at its sap. Her harvesting behavior doesn’t line up with that type of tree. The other inkling I’m getting is the woman feels like a manager who is trying to use pain or discomfort techniques to get what she wants. When you work with others, sometimes you need to be the “bad guy” by holding others accountable for what is expected of them. Even then – are your actions set up to yield the results you are looking for, or would it make sense to take a different approach?

Let’s say that you see yourself as the tree? Who is the woman in this picture? They appear to be wounding you – why is that? Are they causing necessary discomfort – like a coach calling out sabotaging behaviors – in order to help you grow? Or are they someone who is leeching off of your time, energy, and effort? What this image tells me is that you might need to take a look at those within close proximity to you and see how they affect your ability to move forward with your projects and goals.

Need a more detailed reading for the week ahead?

Need additional guidance on the internal shifts needed to sustain your long-term goals? My patrons of the “Will Geek for Coffee!” level and higher receive extended weekly tarotcasts. Join our community so that you can harness the energies  that are coming and going each week in order to deal with conflict.

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About Geek Girl Tarot

Jessica's first experience with Tarot was in 2002, where she learned how to read for herself after a difficult life event. Over the next fifteen years she developed her abilities by reading for herself and others during times of upheaval. Recently she has come out of the broom closet and offers her Tarot reading services to others. Jessica is a solitary witch who follows Celtic and Greek deities and splashes in a bit of chaos magick along the way. She is into geeky things like LARP and video games, and brings her nerdy fascination into her craft.

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Twitter • Instagram • Tumblr • Camp Oak Hallows Birthday: November 8, 1999 Location: Austin, TX Registered to Vote: January 2018 in TX-CD-17, TX-S-14, TX-HD-50 Organizations: Activism On the Road Fun Facts About Me: Third generation Euro-Latina. I can eat my body weight in fried rice and every square foot of my bedroom has something... Continue Reading →

Dean Strange

"And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light." In any hour of great darkness, when all light seems to be fading slowly away, it is the responsibility of... Continue Reading →

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Instagram: delannis Twitter: toridelanis Location & Age: Florida & 18 Why I Fight: I fight because I am a young mixed woman who will always experience discrimination from some people just because of the color of my skin. I fight for the rights of people of color everywhere. We are so discriminated against in this... Continue Reading →

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twitter: @anmavabo instagram: @anmavabo age & location: 14 & bloomington, indiana why i fight: i've never had any interest in guns, really. i've grown up hearing about gun violence almost every week of my life. i guess before parkland, i didn't really think there was anything i could do to help. i remember where i... Continue Reading →

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Twitter and Instagram: @Aly_Sheehy Location: Parkland, Florida Organizations: March for our Lives Orlando, Neveragain, and Make Our Schools Safe. Why I Fight: I have lived in Parkland my entire life and never really left the "bubble" that was our community. Parkland was considered one of the safest cities and prided itself on being a family friendly... Continue Reading →

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PLAY – Sound Connections

Play – Sound Connections offers the opportunity to write, record and perform new music all in the space of a week! This FREE week-long course for Vocalists and Instrumentalists will provide the opportunity to:

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Play courses offer a wide range of musical and vocal tuition alongside music production sessions to encourage collaboration between groups of young people. Our expert team of tutors has supported hundreds of young musicians for a number of years. There are also opportunities for young trainees and volunteers to build music leadership skills.

Who is this course for? Play is ideal for 13 to 19 year old vocalists, rappers, guitarists, bass players, drummers and percussionists, keyboard players and pianists as well as aspiring producers and DJs.

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The fallacy of thinking intelligence as software

During the  Enlightenment the human body was thought of as a kind of clock. That was because the dominant technology of the day was mechanical engineering.Christiaan Huygens invented the pendulum clock in the 1600s, and in the following decades and centuries, all across Europe, the miraculous ticking of interconnected gears and springs felt akin to the periodic and cyclical nature of the human biology, and indeed of the whole universe. God was thought of as an architect, or an engineer. Everything in the cosmos was placed in perfect relation to everything else; an idea referred in philosophy as “determinism”. The human brain was mechanical too, and excreted thoughts – as other machines exhaled gases or fumes or fluids – and was powered by a mystical “soul”. This metaphor mutated by the late 20th century, as western societies rejected religion and adopted a new form of technology: computers.

Computers seemed to do “smart” things, like manipulating numbers, which was something that only humans were able to do till then. Computers did so by codifying a calculating process into a “program” that could then be “executed” on a machine. The program was called “software” and the machine “hardware”. The “smart” part of computing lay in the software, because that’s where the knowledge of solving a problem resided. The hardware was important of course, and necessary, but one could imagine all kinds of hardware, not necessary built with silicon chips and electronics, but with billiard balls, light bulbs, paper clips, whatever. This curious juxtaposition between hardware and software led to the following conclusion: that we can engineer intelligent behaviour as long as we code the right programs (or “algorithms”); executing those algorithms was of secondary importance and independent of the physical substrate. As long as you had a smart algorithm you had intelligence, not unlike having a smart genie that you could then place inside any bottle, or lamp, you liked.

Thinking of intelligence as something independent of the physical substrate (the “hardware”) was an idea that originated in computing and nowadays dominates our everyday thinking. We are using the computing metaphor in our everyday speech, as if it was a given. Our brains are the “hardware”, and our minds the “software”. We are thinking of Artificial Intelligence as computers becoming more and more “intelligent” because of algorithms.

The computer metaphor has led people like Stephen Hawing and Max Tegmark suggest that the future of humanity is to transfer our intelligence and consciousness to computers; to “upload” our consciousness and free ourselves from the frailty and perishable nature of biological bodies; thus bequeathing the keys of biological, and cosmic, evolution to our computer descendants. This is the main thesis of Life 3.0, the new book by Max Tegmark, although the idea is not new and was also explored in the “Anthropic Principle” by John Barrow and Frank Tippler published in 1988.

But of course, such thinking is fallacious. That’s because these otherwise very smart people confuse the computer metaphor of software versus hardware as the real thing. Like people in the Enlightenment who thought of the human body as a clock powered by an immaterial soul, Tegmark et al are regarding the self as an immaterial algorithm trapped inside a biological prison. Such thinking is also irrational because it has not being substantiated by any scientific evidence. In fact, the contrary is true: neuroscience and neurobiology show that intelligence is inextricable from the physical aspects of the brain. “We” are not an algorithm. We are unitary biological creatures.

Confusing metaphor with reality would have been unremarkable if it was not for how it frames the current debate on Artificial Intelligence. When powerful, successful and highly intelligent people adopt the metaphor when speaking publicly about the future of AI they offer validation to a fallacy that could have serious consequences in the economy, society and politics.  Artificial Intelligence is not intelligence but an imitation of intelligence. It is imitation because it fools us into believing it is the real thing. This idea of “imitation” is fundamental in AI, and was put forward since the beginning from none other than Alan Turing. In his “Imitation Game” paper he suggests how a computer could fool us into believing it was a human.

Once we adopt the computer metaphor without thinking then we render ourselves incapable of distinguishing between reality and the imitation of reality. As a result we are talking about AI “ethics”, or AI “bias”, as if they were real. They are not. Machines cannot have ethics, or uphold values, or have opinions or preferences. These words only have meaning to creatures like us, with the ability of self-refection. It is because we can examine the content and meaning of our thinking that we can decide between right and wrong. Self-refection is a property of biology. Machines cannot have self-reflection, and that is what will forever differentiate them from us.

2 thoughts on “The fallacy of thinking intelligence as software

  1. I agree with you George at all and besides, I enjoyed your book- IN OUR OWN IMAGE- but I have a concern: like a enlightentment era, how stop or get control of propagation of Androids that will are “like us”?

    • Thanks for your comment Oraldo, and I m pleased to hear that you enjoyed my book! Re: androids, in Asia they are already developing them and I expect that in the next 5-10 years they will be almost indistinguishable from humans..

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The effect of X-rays on licorice root growth and development

, : The effect of X-rays on licorice root growth and development. Trudy Instituta Botaniki Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR 31: 79-85

Plants grown from seeds irradiated with X-rays at 10, 50 or 100 rad developed roots with a diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm at the collar, compared with 0.5 cm in the non-irradiated control. A 500-rad dose slightly inhibited root development.

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Asker, H.M.; A.A.il, E.H.; A.J.bori, M.K.; Sharif, F.M., 1988: Influence of SO2 gas and storage temperature on physiological disorders and fungi decay of orange fruits under storage. Oranges were exposed to sulfur dioxide gas and stored at 0 or 3 degrees C for 20 weeks. At low concn and 0 degrees , SO2 caused a significant reduction in physiological disorders and a complete inhibition of fungal decay. At 3 degrees a higher con...

Marini B.; Bassan R.; Barbui T., 1988: Therapeutic efficacy of danazol in myelodysplastic syndromes. Sixteen unselected untreated patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and various combinations of blood cytopenia were treated with danazol, an attenuated androgen reported to be of some value in these conditions. After a 12 week tria...

Dale, K., 1973: Early effects of quartz and titanium dioxide dust on pulmonary function and tissue. An experimental study on rabbits. Scandinavian Journal of Respiratory Diseases 54(3): 168-184

Yoon, J-Hoon.; Kang, K.Hee.; Park, Y-Ha., 2003: Halobacillus salinus sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake on the coast of the East Sea in Korea. A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, halophilic bacterium (strain HSL-3(T)) was isolated from a salt lake near Hwajinpo beach on the East Sea in Korea and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain HSL-3(T) grew optimally in...

Needham, Aje, 1973: The effects of variations in magnesium. Rhodesia agricultural journal: 70 (6) 169-170

Nakajima, S.; Nobusawa, E.; Nakajima, K., 1996: Evolution and epidemiology of influenza A viruses. Influenza A viruses are suitable for the analysis of virus evolution because the genes of the viruses are well analyzed. The origin of the present human influenza A viruses are deduced to be direct descendent of the viruses which caused Spanish fl...

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Seskar, M.S.ulaev, V.R.skin, I., 1998: Endogenous methyl salicylate in pathogen-inoculated tobacco plants. The tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivar Xanthi-nc (genotype NN) produces high levels of salicylic acid (SA) after inoculation with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Gaseous methyl salicylate (MeSA), a major volatile produced in TMV-inoculated tobac...


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A possible connexion between the Rous I sarcoma virus and fowl paralysis

, : A possible connexion between the Rous I sarcoma virus and fowl paralysis. Off. Rep. 9th World's Poult. Congr, Paris, 3: 9-11

Possible transformation of tumour virus to the type causing fowl paralysis is noted from experiments with poultry resistant to Rous sarcoma virus which developed a high incidence of fowl paralysis.

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Lamb, R.J.; Pinkston, J.W.; Ginsburg, B.C., 2016: Ethanol self-administration in mice under a second-order schedule. Long Fixed-Interval (FI) schedules, particularly second-order schedules, can engender substantial responding before drug or ethanol delivery that is uninfluenced by the direct effects of the drug or ethanol. Thus, these schedules can be used to st...

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Cope, F.W., 1970: Spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for complexing of sodium ions in muscle, brain, and kidney. Na(+) in muscle, brain, and kidney is shown by spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to consist of two fractions with different NMR parameters. The slow fraction of Na(+) in these tissues has NMR relaxation times T(1) and T(2) of 10-15 x 10(-...

Martínez-Paz, P.; Morales, Mónica.; Martín, R.; Martínez-Guitarte, Jé.Luis.; Morcillo, G., 2015: Characterization of the small heat shock protein Hsp27 gene in Chironomus riparius (Diptera) and its expression profile in response to temperature changes and xenobiotic exposures. Small heat shock proteins constitute the most diverse and least conserved group within the large family of heat shock proteins, which play a crucial role in cell response to environmental insults. Chironomus riparius larvae are widely used in envi...

Singh, J.A.; Herbey, I.; Bharat, A.; Dinnella, J.E.; Pullman-Mooar, S.; Eisen, S.; Ivankova, N., 2017: Gout Self-Management in African American Veterans: A Qualitative Exploration of Challenges and Solutions From Patients' Perspectives. To explore gout self-management and associated challenges and solutions in African Americans. We conducted semistructured interviews with 35 African American veterans with gout, who received health care at Birmingham or Philadelphia Veterans Affai...

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Kachmar E.G.; Abramova Y.V., 1972: Determining di methyl vinyl ethyryl carbinol and furfurol alcohol in the air of industrial premises. Gigiena i Sanitariya 37(6): 61-63