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How HR influences Company Culture?

Changing demographics, industry forces, workplace norms, needless to say, there are many varied factors that influence corporate company culture. In fact, human resource has a direct impact on shaping the company culture and ensuring its productivity, engagement and reputation building.

Therefore, an HR professional is urged to study and recognize the HR culture in their organization so as to monitor how this culture affects the business bottom-line. A periodic assessment like employee feedback and performance evaluation can help in deriving a better understanding of the critical issues among employees and how they going to adversely impact the company in total.
Competent influencers of organizational culture

Broadly saying an organizational culture gets reflected at different business levels. One can see the culture difference among employee’s work patterns -how each employee performs their day-to-day operations or cultural difference at the employee management practices- whether micromanaging, hyper-focused managing, collaborative working or team-driven managing. Each kind of employee management comes with its own merits and demerits.  For example, a fast-paced work environment may not go well with older generation employees. Because, different generations such as baby boomers, Gen X, Millennial’s, and Gen Z come with their own unique desires and expectations. Each generation has its own predefined set of notions on how to perform certain actions with respect to their daily task.

For example, baby boomers like to study things in detail before performing an operation. They cannot fit into the cliché of smart work rather the hard work.  However, millennials and Gen Z form the youngest crew members of the planet who admire to do things at a faster pace taking all benefits of technologies. They are seen much useful to today’s marketing messages, however, lacks skills for research and development activities comparing to the older generation.

Therefore, as an HR leader, you should assure the right mix of all these generations for complete business well-being. As a responsible HR leader, you need to comprehend all these generation’s expectations and desires so as to balance the work environment in the organization. Also, HR leaders should be able to rightly recognize whether the existing company culture is strong, whether it adequately produces sufficient results or whether there is any need of adopting new programs like enhanced mentorship, etc.

Industry Norms

Changing standards in work environment, bringing political elements, a tight activity showcase in business, also deficiency of talented workforce and other components affect the company culture and make it progressively significant. Industry norms, in particular, may impact your association's way of life. For instance, if your organization want to attract a large pool of talented employees, they must adopt flexible time schedules and telecommunication options in their workplaces. A flexible and stress-free workplace attracts more workers, also self-triggers the employees to perform healthier and enthusiastic.

New Technology

In this era of technology, if your company remains stuck with the older communication tools, it is likely to down shade the organization. So as to go global, there should be a collaborative tool to converse successfully. If your organization is lagging in providing adequate technology meeting current need, it will hamper the company culture and may adversely impact the organization growth.
Employee Engagement

Understanding employee engagement can enable you to perceive how powerful your way of life is. At the point when employees are fully engaged in, they're likely to be increasingly associated with your central mission and progressively beneficial to the organization and employee himself.

Conducting periodical checking over employee engagement can help in finding non-engagements, also helps the HR leaders great opportunity to take a gander at what zones the company life can be changed to all the more successfully— from explaining your motivation to improving your administration style.

Identifying Focus Areas

It is highly critical for HR to play the lead job in recognizing the best practice regions of the center to impact the company’s desired culture. When characterized, HR needs to guarantee the incentive for the change is clear (how might this benefit the organization and for the workers) and there must be 100% purchase in from the top as it can't be an HR-driven task.

Talent Acquisition and Retention

Individuals make a way of life in an organization. Regardless of the management of top leaders or the operational procedures set up, if the ideal individuals or workers aren't available to change them into results and reality, the above said simply remains as thoughts. Therefore, it is the prime duty of the HR leaders to enable directors to acquire the most talented workers, maintain a transparent and open correspondence network and, and also set up the best possible documentation and assurances helping in guiding the inappropriate elements.

Aligning HR Strategies and Culture

It is very important that corporate culture adjusts alongside the business strategies or the business strategies get designed in such a way that employee feels comfortable to practice and establish a good employee culture.

Aligning hierarchical culture and methodologies begins with posing strong questions. Corporate pioneers and HR staff should initially understand what culture is all about, and later decide whether employees align with the culture proposed by the leadership management. Off the chance, there is a case of misalignment been discovered, it is the responsibility of the HR leaders to bridge the gap and guarantee culture that is genuinely seen by workers.

HR leaders are in charge of characterizing the course and vision of the organization. It's their job to fortify and show practices that drive the vision. HR's job is to figure out what workers think and to enable the authority to coordinate business methodology with talent management and reward programs.

At the point when associations clearly characterize and communicate culture that supports business strategies, employees are better ready to comprehend the mission and figure out where they fit all things considered. The individuals who fit inside the culture are more joyful, progressively profitable and increasingly dedicated to their occupations.

The end result of this alignment can be a well-oiled machine, for example, that introduced by profoundly fruitful organizations like Google and Apple, where culture-fit employees are driven and feel fulfilled, energized with the work they do.

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Islamabad diary: A second Junejo in the making?

Ayaz Amir
Junejo in the Pakistani context is a metaphor for prime ministers chosen for their perceived pliability but who turn out differently. They are chosen for docility not anything so bizarre as competence. But they are driven by circumstances, or some hitherto undetected trait of character, to violate the script written for them.

Yousuf Raza Gilani was chosen prime minister because he was sufficiently tame and nondescript, someone expected to dance to any tune set for him. Initially he lived up to expectations, chief executive only in name, real power in the hands of Asif Ali Zardari who took all the decisions, first from Zardari House, then the Presidency.

But Zardari perhaps overreached himself or he did not know where to draw the line. He behaved too much like a king-emperor without the experience, the background or the mental capacity for this role. When he took on too much on himself his inadequacy began to show. And people began to talk, first in murmurs, then more loudly. For the emperor in all his majesty was well and truly without his clothes.

Somewhere in this twilight zone betwixt darkness and light, Gilani began to show a streak of independence no one would have suspected him of possessing. To the annoyance of the Presidency, a sentiment now resembling something close to rage, Gilani began to assert himself, getting rid of his principal secretary, Siraj Shamsuddin, someone considered close to Zardari, and making some other key appointments reportedly without clearance from the Presidency. Islamabad began to circulate with rumours that all was not well between the president and his handpicked prime minister.

But the sacking of the national security adviser, Maj-Gen (retd) Mahmud Ali Durrani, has brought this simmering discontent into the open, leaving nothing to the imagination. While speaking to an Indian TV channel, Durrani said that Ajmal Kasab, the lone Mumbai gunman in Indian custody, was a Pakistani national. The prime minister was livid because he had not been taken into confidence. Without consulting President Zardari he ordered Durrani’s sacking. I have it on good authority that Zardari called Durrani and apologised to him over the manner of his dismissal. But the point remains that he could do nothing about it.

Durrani of course thinks he was in the right. Again on good authority I have it that he had cleared the matter regarding Kasab’s nationality with the ISI chief, Lt-Gen Ahmed Shuja Pasha, who said he had cleared it with the president. But Durrani was forgetting two minor details: (1) he was NSA to the prime minister, not the president; and (2) Gillani, miffed at being taken for granted, was in no mood to remain a doormat for the Presidency.

Durrani is a pleasant person to talk to. He was Gen Jahangir Karamat’s batch mate in the PMA, winning the Sword of Honour. Very close to Pervez Musharraf, it was at Musharraf’s asking that he went as ambassador to Washington. But when Musharraf’s impeachment drama began, it was Durrani, at Zardari’s behest, who went to tell Musharraf that the national interest – what else? – dictated that he quit. It is not hard to imagine what must have flitted through Musharraf’s mind: et tu Brute?

But more than his Sword of Honour or his ambassadorship, Durrani is likely to go down in history’s footnotes – where most of us belong – as the man whose fall came to highlight the growing gap between Zardari and Gilani, a gap whose emergence shows history repeating itself.

General Ziaul Haq chose Mohammad Khan Junejo as his prime minister in March 1985 on the recommendation of the Pir of Pagaro and on the assumption that Junejo, who was not much of a political figure, would be his most obedient servant. Imagine his surprise when at their first meeting Junejo pointedly asked him when he proposed lifting martial law.

To Zia’s further astonishment Junejo took himself seriously as chief executive, deciding things for himself and not even taking Zia’s wishes into account when it came to signing the Geneva Accords (which paved the way for the Soviet pullout from Afghanistan). During the 1986 budget session Junejo said that government officials would use small cars and even generals would be put in Suzukis, a remark which caused consternation in military circles.

By 1988 Zia had had enough. Removing Junejo was not easy because the National Assembly would not have approved. So Zia sacked the National Assembly, thus effectively putting an axe to his own feet. The 1985 National Assembly was his creation. Its dismissal exhausted his political options.

Junejo thus is the great unsung hero of Pakistani democracy. Benazir Bhutto, it is true, symbolised opposition to Zia’s rule but Zia’s real undermining took place at the hands of Junejo.

Musharraf was careful not to commit Zia’s mistake. He kept his prime ministers – three of them to Zia’s one – on a short leash, not giving them the space Junejo had managed to carve out for himself. He also remained a hands-on president, using his uniform to impose his will upon his political lackeys.

But he was also lucky in the sense that his appointee was Zafarullah Khan Jamali, who had it not in him to become another Junejo. In good time Jamali too was shown the door but this was because he was seen as an ineffective figure, not because he had declared his independence.

As a stopgap measure, Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, president of Musharraf’s Q (Quisling?) League, was made prime minister for 45 days before being replaced by Shaukat Aziz. Shujaat would have dearly liked to stay on but despite his tough talk nowadays and his attempts to distance himself from Musharraf, when it mattered he had not the guts to stand up to Musharraf and insist on his claim to the prime ministership.

As for Shaukat Aziz, standing up to Musharraf was no part of his agenda. He helped himself to what he could and sold an impression of economic wizardry when in fact he was sowing the seeds of economic disaster. When the sun was about to set on the Musharraf order he was smart enough to make a quick exit. Shortcut Aziz was the sobriquet his countrymen gave him. To the last he lived up to it.

Musharraf was also undermined but not by a prime minister. His nemesis was an obstreperous chief justice, Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry, and the lawyers’ movement which arose from Iftikhar Chaudhry’s defiance of Musharraf. When his power was weakened even his American patrons came round to the opinion that he was a spent force and that American interests were better protected by a change of face.

The change was meant to be Benazir Bhutto but fate determined otherwise. The pantheon of Pakistani rulers contains some strange figures but none stranger than Asif Zardari. Who in his wildest imagination could have thought he could be president? But it has come to pass and we must live with the consequences.

At the same time we have to give full marks to the creativity of Pakistani politics. Just when it appeared that the cup of despair was running over and Zardari was not only unstoppable but was wildly expanding his power, out of the blue, when least expected, emerges an unlikely counterweight from within his own ranks. If Zardari as president is surprising, Gilani beginning to act independently is no less surprising. Indeed, the two surprises are of equal intensity.

There is also a vital difference with Junejo. Junejo was someone about whom no stories were heard. The same perhaps cannot be said of Gilani. Islamabad is a city which has always thrived on exaggeration. Maybe this is what we are witnessing in Gilani’s case, although cynics will say, as is their custom, that where there’s smoke there’s usually a fire. But if despite this Gilani is beginning to stand up to Zardari, it is a measure not of Gilani’s growing power but Zardari’s gathering weakness.

Gilani cannot be shown the door by Zardari as Jamali was by Musharraf because Gilani will have support, and more of it if put to the test, from across the political divide in the National Assembly. The PPP parliamentary party will not rise up against Zardari. This is a foolish dream. But it will not pull down Gilani. Sacking the National Assembly is no option because that would plunge the country into turmoil and end Zardari’s political career.

So he must put up with Gilani as best he can. He has amassed a great deal of power but this is about it. Limitless ambition is a bad thing, undeserved ambition even more so. And let’s not forget the ace up Gilani’s sleeve. If pushed too far he has only to say it on the floor of the National Assembly and it will be curtains for the Dogar Supreme Court. Provided of course Gilani doesn’t lose heart and has the sense to understand the position of strength in which events unwittingly have placed him.

Source: The News, 10th January, 2009

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Free 30-Minute Phone Consultation

Orders of Protection

As a divorce and family law practitioner, my clients frequently find themselves confronted with situations involving domestic violence and protective orders. A spouse can become volatile at the end of a relationship, and they frequently pose a risk of harm at the time they find out legal action for divorce or paternity has been filed against them. On the flip side, some litigants misuse protective orders to control who stays in the house and who has access to the children at the beginning of their divorce – when tensions are high and outcomes regarding finances, property, and “custody” are unknown.

Currently in Maricopa County, protective orders are handled as a separate case from your divorce or paternity suit. This means that in all likelihood, one judge will hear the issues relating to the Order of Protection and a different judge will hear matters relating to your divorce, despite the obvious similarities in facts and the affect one has on the other.

An Order of Protection can:

(1) prohibit contact between the Plaintiff and Defendant – it can also limit contact to written (text and/or email) or verbal, under specific circumstances;

(2) grant a Plaintiff exclusive use and possession of a residence, but the Defendant is allowed to return one time with law enforcement to retrieve his/her belongings;

(3) order the Defendant to stay away from certain locations such as the Plaintiff’s work, school, or other physical address;

(4) grant the Plaintiff exclusive custody and control over a pet;

(5) prohibit contact with a child by listing the child as a protected party; and

(6) order any other relief that is necessary to protect the Plaintiff. If the judge finds that the Defendant is a credible threat to the physical safety of the Plaintiff, the judge may prohibit the Defendant from possessing firearms.

An Order of Protection can be obtained against an individual who is your spouse; former spouse; with whom you live or used to live; with whom you have a child in common; with whom you are related by blood as a parent, grandparent, child, grandchild, brother or sister; is a spouse of one of these blood relations; and a person with whom you are or were in a romantic relationship. If you do not have this type of relationship with the person, you would need to file an Injunction Against Harassment, not an Order of Protection.

Once you have established the requisite relationship in order to obtain the Order of Protection, you also have to show that this person has committed an act of domestic violence against you in the last year or that the person is likely to commit an act of domestic violence against you in the next year. Examples of domestic violence include, but are not limited to: threatening or intimidating, assault, custodial interference, trespass, criminal damage, interference with judicial proceedings, disorderly conduct, harassment, and stalking.

In order to obtain an Order of Protection, you can file a Petition in any superior court, municipal/city court, or justice court. If you have a pending divorce, you must file your Petition for Order of Protection in superior court if it is against your spouse. Each court is equipped with procedures for helping you draft and file the Petition for Order of Protection. Once the Petition is drafted, you will be called in front of a judge or commissioner who will ask you questions about the incidents alleged in your Petition. The Petition must allege all acts of domestic violence you intend to claim against the defendant. The judge/commissioner will then either grant, deny, or set the matter for a hearing. If your request for the Order of Protection is granted, you will be given information on how to serve the Order on the defendant. The Order of Protection must be served to be valid and enforceable. Following service, the Defendant has the one time right to request a hearing on the Order of Protection at any time while the Order is in effect. Orders of Protection last for one (1) year from the date that they are served, and they expire one (1) year from when they are issued if they are not served.

For additional information on Orders of Protection, please look for my next blog regarding disputing an Order of Protection and Order of Protection Hearings.

If you would like to work with one of our experienced Attorneys, please call OWENS & PERKINS at 480.630.2464 to schedule your free 30-minute consultation.


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Flights to Mauritania

Why book with Opodo?
  • Choose from 660+ airlines
  • Choose from over 60,000 flight routes
  • Opodo price guarantee

Travelling to Mauritania: Destinations A-Z

Travelling in Mauritania

What could be better than escaping to Mauritania (MR)? With a wealth of activities, historical gems and culture, this country, located in Africa, is sure to please passionate travellers looking for a special holiday retreat. With so many cities offering such a wealth of activities and cultural experiences to choose from, the sky’s your limit when it comes to deciding what to do and where to visit. Browse the selection of cities above and book your next flight or flight + hotel holiday package with Opodo!

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Multimedia Projector

  • Bright projection – 3800 ANSI lumens
  • WXGA resolution, 20,000:1 contrast ratio, HDMI input
  • Low ownership costs – up to 8,000 hours2 lamp life
  • Lightweight and portable, carry bag included

Project your ideas

The Optoma W351 provides outstanding widescreen WXGA resolution, standard throw performance with superior connectivity and an impressive list of standard features. Perfect for use in conference rooms, training rooms, classrooms and houses of worship. Delivering a powerful bright 3800-lumen image with a 20,000:1 contrast ratio, the Optoma W351 will win your audience with its sharp, easy-to-read text and graphics, sharp image with crisp detail and rich, accurate colors.

Equipped with ample analog and digital connectivity and an impressive list of standard features, the Optoma W351 will take on even the most challenging applications. HDMI for digital sources, 2 VGA inputs, VGA out, Microphone input, audio in, audio out, RS-232 control with built-in AMX device discovery, plus Extron and Crestron control compatibility. Full 3D compatibility, Optoma True-Vivid color-tuning technology with 10-bit color processing, a powerful 10-Watt speaker, up to 8,000 hours of lamp life, and whisper-quiet operation.

Amazing Color

Our projectors are capable of reproducing the Rec.709 color gamut, the international HDTV standard to guarantee accurate reproduction of cinematic color exactly as the director intended.

Full 3D

Display true 3D content from almost any 3D source, including 3D Blu-ray Disc™ players, 3D broadcasting, and the latest-generation game consoles. Support for 144Hz rapid-refresh rate provides ultra-smooth flicker-free images. DLP Link 3D glasses required.

High Contrast

Add more depth to your image with a high-contrast projector. With brighter whites and ultra-rich blacks, images come alive and text is crisp and clear.

Specially designed lamp modes reduce power consumption by up to 70%. Each mode also improves lamp life, which lowers the total cost of ownership and reduces maintenance.

Quick Resume

This feature allows the projector to be instantly powered on again within 100 seconds of turning it off.

AV Mute

When enabled via remote control or network management, the projector suspends (dims) video output to conserve energy.

Auto Power Off

To help save energy, this feature automatically turns off the projector after a set period of time, if it is not being used.

Additional information

Aspect Ratio16:10
Audio10W speaker
Brightness3,800 lumens
Compatible Aspect Ratio16:10 (native), 4:3, auto, 16:9, LBX
ConnectionsHDMI v1.4a, two VGA-in, VGA-out, S-video, composite video, audio-in/MIC, audio-in, audioout, RJ45, RS-232C & USB mini-B
Contrast Ratio20,000:1
Control UnitRS232 9 Pin, RJ45
Display TechnologySingle 0.65″ WXGA DC3 DMD chip DLP™ Technology by Texas Instruments
Displayable Colors1.07 billion
InputsHDMI v1.4a, two VGA-in, S-video, composite video, audio-in/MIC, audio-in (3.5mm), RJ45, RS-232C & USB mini-B
Keystone Correction± 40° Vertical
Light Source Life
Light Source Type210W
Light Source Life8000/7000/6500/6000/4000 – Edu/ECO+/Dynamic/ ECO/Bright)
Maximum ResolutionWUXGA (1920 x 1200)
Native ResolutionWXGA (1280 x 800)
Noise Level29dB
On-Screen DisplayComplete on-screen menu, adjustments in 27 languages
Operating TemperatureSea Level to 10,000 feet (@73°F); must manually switch to high-altitude mode at 5,000 feet & above
OutputsVGA out, audio out, (3.5mm)
Power Consumption249W (Bright mode), 194W (Eco mode)
Power SupplyAC input 100-240V, 50-60Hz, auto-switching
Projection Distance3.2′ – 32.8′
Projection LensF/2.5~2.67; f=21.8~23.98mm, 1.1x Manual Zoom
Projection MethodFront, rear, ceiling count, tabletop
Projection Screen Size27.3″ – 299.5″
Remote ControlIR remote control
Throw Ratio1.55 _ 1.7:1 (distance/width) -+ 5% variance
Zoom Type1.1x Manual
3D CompatibilitySide-by-Side: 1080i50 / 60, 720p50 / 60, Frame-pack: 1080p24, 720p50 / 60, Over-Under: 1080p24, 720p50 / 60
Computer CompatibilityWUXGA, HD, UXGA, SXGA+, WXGA+, WXGA, SXGA, XGA, SVGA, VGA
Horizontal Scan Rate15.3 – 91.1kHz
Optional WirelessYes
Vertical Scan Rate24 – 85Hz (120Hz for 3D)
Video CompatiblityPAL (B, D, G, H, I, M, N, 4.43MHz), NTSC (M, J, 3.58MHz, 4.443MHz), SECAM (B, D, G, K, K1, L, 4.25,MHz, 4.4MHz, 480i/p, 576i/p, 720p(50/60Hz), 1080i(50/60Hz) 1080p(24/50/60Hz)
Dimensions (W x H x D)12.4" x 4.0" x 8.8"
SecuritySecurity bar, Kensington lock, password protection, keypad lock
Weight5.6 lbs
Optional AccessoriesDLP Link™ 3D glasses, ceiling mount
Standard AccessoriesAC power cord, VGA to VGA cable, remote control, batteries for remote, multilingual CD-ROM user’s manual, quick start card, warranty card, lens cap and carrying case
Warranty Info2-Year Optoma Express Service, 1-Year Lamp
  • W351-M-en-US

  • W351-DS-en-US

  • W351

  • W351

  • W351

  • W351

210W Osram lamp for select Optoma projectors.

IR remote control w/ laser & mouse function for select...

Soft case for select Optoma projectors.

Low profile universal ceiling mount (black color) for most Optoma...

Description: Low profile universal ceiling mount with extension poles (white...

Low profile universal ceiling mount (white color) for most Optoma...

Low profile hinged ceiling mount in black.

1 1/2" NPT adjustable extension column - 6 inches -...

1 1/2" NPT adjustable extension column - 12 inches -...

Ceiling plate with cord management access hole (black color). 1...

Wireless HDMI transmitter/receiver kit. Dimensions: 7.2" x 3.8" x 1.2"...

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Please Stay at Home during this time to prevent the spread of COVID-19! Please continue to read and share this content for future adventures and sign up for my email list to get ideas for getting outside at home right now. THANK YOU! And thank you for reading!

Learn a Winter Olympic Sport at Whistler

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A really fun way to beat the winter blues is winter adventure! What better way to do this than to learn a winter olympic sport at Whistler? Honestly, I can’t think of a single one. Keep in mind that this is Ordinary Adventures, so you don’t need to be some kind of super athlete to do this. If you’ve ever watched the Winter Olympics and thought “I wonder what it would be like to try that” then this post is for you! From mellow cross country skiing to biathlon to ski jumping (what?!?) you can learn it just across the border in Whistler. These activities are at Whistler Olympic Park, which is not in the same place as Whistler Blackcomb for downhill skiing. This location is about 45 minutes away (towards Squamish and Vancouver) in the Callahan Valley. It’s a great location for a weekend getaway from Seattle, and you can stay in Squamish or even North or West Vancouver and keep it more affordable than trying to stay at Whistler Village in the middle of ski season. Another thing to note about Whistler Olympic Park is that it has a beautiful day lodge, with food, drink, heated outdoor deck and firepit, changing rooms and FREE showers (bring your own towel).

Getting to Whistler Olympic Park

If you’re driving, it’s about an hour from Squamish and about a 35 minutes from Whistler Village. These are the closest places to get a vacation rental or hotel. It’s about an hour and 45 minutes to drive from Vancouver (plus traffic). There are buses available between downtown Vancouver, the Vancouver airport and Whistler Village. There is also a shuttle bus from Whistler Village to Whistler Olympic Park, so it’s possible to do this car free!

Cross Country (Nordic) Skiing

A person skis under a sign that says "Vancouver" leftover from the Winter Olympics in 2010. Cross country skiing is one winter sport you can learn at Whistler Olympic Park.
No skills? No problem! Lots of lessons available here

British Columbia is full of amazing cross country skiing and if you want to take a lesson this is a fantastic place to do it. You can rent all the gear as well as take a lesson if you like in different styles of cross country skiing. The trails are pretty epic at the location of all the cross country skiing in the 2010 Winter Olympic games. There are some beginner trails but there is also lots of challenge for people with more experience or for people who like to just get wild with a new sport right away (not me! ha!). The Olympic rings are on a beginner trail that’s almost completely flat so you can be out there on your very first day and zoom (or wipe out) right in front of those iconic rings! One note, their blue runs are HARD, a lot harder than the ones in Washington. I’ve found this to be true at most locations for cross country skiing in Canada.

A person holds a gun designed for use in the Olympic Sport of Biathlon on the Biathlon range to learn a new Olympic sport, one of many on offer at Whistler Olympic park
Me trying biathlon target shooting for the first time

Another way to learn a winter olympic sport is by taking a biathlon lesson. If you’re not familiar with biathlon, it’s the event where you ski and also shoot at targets. The lesson includes both a skate skiing lesson as well as target practice. You don’t have to ski with the gun like Olympic athletes do, either! And, getting down on the ground with my skis on wasn’t as scary as I thought it would be. I’m not very comfortable with guns (I’m terrified of sudden loud noises for crying out loud). I never thought learning to do biathlon would be something I would enjoy, but it was a great experience. The instructors did a great job making everyone feel comfortable. The gun isn’t that loud. I really loved the target practice and it turned out that I was good at it! Since I’m never good at anything athletic right away, it was really fun for me.

Whistler Sliding Centre: Skeleton and Bobsleigh

If you want to be much more terrified, they also offer an experience in Bobsleigh and Skeleton. I can’t speak for those personally, but if you like to zoom downhill on ice, it would be fun to try. You can also watch competitions when they are happening, a tamer way to experience it!

Ski Jump – Are you COMPLETELY NUTS?

Two very high ski jumps covered in snow are surrounded by forest at Whistler olympic park.
Dizzying Olympic Ski jump at Whistler Olympic Park – No thanks!!

You can literally fly through the air on the ski jump although just standing by it might be enough terror of an experience. At least occasionally they offer ski jump lessons or experiences (an upcoming one was being advertised when we were there). I would suggest calling for when they offer these clinics and what the costs are.

A person holds a gun designed for use in the Olympic Sport of Biathlon on the Biathlon range to learn a new Olympic sport, one of many on offer at Whistler Olympic park. Text reads Olympic Sports you can learn at Whistler
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Jennie Flaming
Hi! I'm Jennie. I’m a fourth generation Seattleite who lived in Alaska for 7 years. I've been a tour guide in both Alaska and Washington and I love to share the places I love with visitors, newcomers and my fellow locals. I’m so glad to have you along on the journey to experience your best low key adventure in Washington, Alaska and Western Canada!


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Why We Need to Talk About OSS Mediation

Why we need to talk about OSS Mediation and why everyone else is starting to do the same.
Guest writer, Keith Brody.

About a year ago, OSSLine published a blog introducing (and discussing) OSS Mediation. Newly conceptualized and productized by the ISV DigitalRoute (historically the market leader in BSS Mediation), in broad terms OSS Mediation sought to apply familiar data integration and management principles to handling activity in the OSS stack. In BSS, mediation’s function has historically been to collect and pre-process usage records before upstreaming them for billing. It’s not an exaggeration to say that, with over 360 deployments, DigitalRoute is the specialist market leader in that area.

However, mediation’s established presence in BSS has been the result of pull rather than push, circumstance rather than grand design. In reality, a mediation solution is not a ‘box’ designed with simply enabling monetization or handling usage records in mind. Its purpose is broader; it’s data integration and management as well as infrastructure and application enablement. It can handle many use cases in many different vertical industries and if designed to be flexible, scalable and operational in both batch and real-time modes; these can quickly be accommodated through configuration rather than coding.

Billing Mediation is – for now at least – without doubt the technology’s most widely deployed Use Case. But it’s far from the only one. Deployments of mediation technology in Railway ticketing, logistic delivery, postal services management, airline maintenance, utility grid balancing, online gaming and multiple other non-monetization related deployments are increasingly common. And, of course, deployments in telco OSS.

In recent months, the proliferation of mediation technology into the OSS domain has picked up pace. Why now? It’s probably related to the CSP-to-DSP journey many telcos are embarking upon. As operators are being driven to introduce new processes and management tools to fuel service innovation, so they need to integrate and manage an increasingly broad range of new elements (think probes, for example). As a result, mediation’s foothold in OSS is hardening. It’s not just delivering services that matters; it’s delivering them in a way that maximizes their impact and sees revenue potential realized.

The new generation of OSS also encompasses the expanding role of analytics and service assurance. For instance, new Use Cases that analyze service rather than just network resources are now critical. Analytics based on dimensions such as subscribers, handsets and location all rely on access to raw transactional data collected from the network. These evolutions blur the line between traditional OSS and BSS functions and open up possibilities for the Service Provider to better use resources and improve both performance and customer experience.

These new directions are critical. Traditional Analytics and OSS systems were mainly based around processing aggregated counter data. Now, they need to accommodate raw event data at higher volumes and in real-time. Network quality is central to defining service experience yet misconfiguration, damaged equipment, failed upgrades and handset-related problems still often go undetected for long periods. Without the proper tools for creating and acting on information at the network-, customer- and session levels, hidden service problems, lack of root-cause analysis and a failure of pro-active retention activity the next generation future will just repeat the shortcomings of the past. Via a new set of management tools, OSS Mediation can help ensure this doesn’t happen.

Furthermore, OSS tools have historically been network-centric, displaying node health and performance via agreed KPI metrics. This type of OSS monitoring remains an essential part of network management but effective service assurance is now also required. Here, the focus is on measuring how well services are performing and how performance actually affects the subscribers’ service experience. Once Service Assurance is added to traditional, network-centric OSS, service performance data can be contextualized to deliver impact analysis from an individual customer perspective.

This is mission-critical, not only tied to traditional network views but also tied to subscribers, subscriber groups, handsets and geographical areas. Instead of just monitoring and maximizing OSS by using network performance data, OSS Mediation lets operators support advanced decision-making within BSS and BI systems too.

The challenges of optimizing this new set of OSS requirements are considerable. For instance:

  • Multiple Network Data Records need to be merged from a customer perspective to create a unified Customer Service Performance Record.
  • The control plane must be linked to User plane records.
  • Data must be correlated in real time.
  • Data must be enriched with location information.
  • State needs to be kept to understand who is where when a negative impact occurs.

It’s in part because OSS Mediation is both adaptable and easy to deploy that using mediation to handle the above is an attractive option. Java-based and adjustable by configuration rather than coding, with pre-verified integration to various equipment, systems and databases from leading vendors as standard, and with many protocols and interfaces available off-the-shelf, telcos can quickly use it to gain control over their businesses.

Integration with external systems for data exchange is achieved through plug-ins, which implement the protocols to be used when communicating with other systems. To give an example, take a Use Case where call trace data must be collected from multiple sources in the radio, core and IMS planes and then merged and enriched. While these are complex challenges, OSS Mediation technology is inherently designed to acquire and process extreme volumes of data records from a large variety sources. It has the ability to correlate data from different network segments in real-time.

OSS Mediation can also optimize performance by supporting new KPIs. This enhances competitiveness. Data records collected from network elements contain information that is related to quality of experience, actions and behaviors, and performance taking place in the network. Telcos can use OSS Mediation to create and categorize the specific metrics they wish to track in collected network data and then calculate KPIs for each one in different dimensions.

For instance, valuable information such as the actual Quality of Service that a specific customer segment is experiencing can be quickly and easily seen, or how network elements in a crowded geographical area are performing. Such dynamic KPIs are a cornerstone of both effective customer experience and network management.

Again, agility and speed are attractive. Calculations are based on easily configurable service models that specify the relations between the various entities, for example metrics, dimensions and KPIs themselves. Configuration of the service model is done via an open API, so no business logic need be involved.

Another OSS Mediation Use Case, Experience-based Charging, provides a clear example of the benefits of enriching OSS data with BSS data so that network activity can be tied back to the experience of an individual subscriber. This ‘horizontal approach’ with both BSS, OSS and policy data consolidated leads to innovative, ‘blended’ actions being taken that improve profitability and reduce churn. It also paves the way towards a future where the BSS and OSS silos will be broken.

Another salient feature of OSS Mediation is its ability to handle real-time data sources. It is designed to cope with both batch data (CDRs, XDRs, logs, etc) and real-time data flows (Active-Passive network probes, AAA systems; basically, socket-based performance data from any network node). Data-in-motion can easily be converted into valuable real-time actions.

In light of all this, it’s perhaps no surprise that mediation is rapidly becoming a central component in the management of OSS. Two tier-1 carrier groups (on two different continents) have already deployed mediation technology purposed to address OSS Use Cases in the early months of this year alone. A growing number of vendors are using a term unknown twenty-four months ago.

Keith Brody is Head of Communications at DigitalRoute where Ola Billinger is responsible for leading the company’s OSS Mediation initiative. Together, they are the authors of a book, “Inside the Bits Guide to OSS Mediation”. You can order a free copy at

, ,


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 Big Inning Leads Miners To Sweep Of Wild Things - OurSports Central

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Big Inning Leads Miners To Sweep Of Wild Things

June 13, 2019 - Frontier League (FL) - Southern Illinois Miners News Release

Marion, IL - The Southern Illinois Miners rebounded from an early deficit in a big way on Thursday night against the Washington Wild Things, scoring all eight of their runs in the second inning and rolling from there to an 8-3 victory at Rent One Park, sweeping the three-game series with their fifth win in their last six games overall.

Mikael Mogues hit his third homer against the Miners in just over a week when he smacked a solo shot to right field off of Austin Dubsky in the top of the first inning to put the Wild Things up 1-0. But in a sign of things to come, Dubsky also struck out the side in that frame to minimize damage. Meanwhile, after Washington starter Michael Austin (2-4) retired the side in order on just eight pitches in the bottom of the first, the Miners would knock him out and take control of the game in the next inning.

Stephen Lohr began it all with a leadoff walk and Andy Cosgrove followed with a bunt single. After a flyout to center field, Jarrod Watkins got his first professional hit- an RBI double inside the third base bag that tied the game at 1-1. Brett Siddall walked to load the bases, and Joe Duncan reached on a fielder's choice with all runners being safe on the play to put Southern Illinois up 2-1. Bryant Flete then followed immediately with an RBI single for a 3-1 lead, and two batters later, Gianfranco Wawoe knocked a two-run single into the outfield to stretch the lead to 5-1.

Two wild pitches and a pair of RBI singles off the bats of Lohr and Cosgrove completed the eight-run outburst, the most runs the Miners had plated in a single inning this season. Dubsky (3-2) gave two runs back in the top of the third inning, making the score 8-3, but that was the closest Washington got as the right-hander completed six innings and struck out a career-high 11 batters while walking only one in the game.

Offensively, Flete, Cosgrove and Watkins all had three hits, one run scored and one RBI, with Flete finishing three hits in all three games of the series against the Wild Things. Wawoe also went 2-for-5 with two RBIs as the Miners rapped out 14 hits as a team, their second-highest total of the season. Seven of the nine batters in the Southern Illinois order scored at least one run while six of the nine drove in at least one run in the game.

Having won five of their last six games overall and now 10-2 at Rent One Park this season, the Miners will continue their homestand on Friday night, June 14, at 7:05 p.m. against the River City Rascals. Nick Stroud will make the start in the series opener for Southern Illinois.

The Southern Illinois Miners are the Frontier League's most-successful franchise since debuting in 2007, winning the 2012 Frontier League Championship as well as division titles in 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016. They have been awarded the Frontier League Organization of the Year award three times since their inception, and also set a new Frontier League attendance record in their inaugural season. For ticket information, contact the box office at (618) 998-8499. For additional information, visit our website at www.southernillinoisminers.com.

• Discuss this story on the Frontier League message board...

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Shore Realty Outer Banks Home Sales

Virtual Floor Plan

Your property will be marketed with a Virtual Floor Plan where prospective buyers can see and feel your home’s appearance and layout from the comfort of their homes. Most agents and brokers use a slide show of pictures for their virtual tours.

Our Virtual Floor Plan has a slide show for those who only want to see pictures, but it also includes a floor plan with pictures. Prospective buyers will see a floor plan of your house with little camera icons spread throughout the home.  When they click on an icon they will view a picture taken from that location in the floor plan.

I take pictures from multiple corners in all the rooms which shows what a room looks like from different perspectives. It’s the only program I have found with this capability.

A series of photographs doesn’t help buyers feel the flow of your floor plan like my Virtual Floor Plans do.  To view a sample Virtual Floor Plan, visit  or I can e-mail you a tour currently online.

If you’d like to put the best of modern technology to work helping you sell your house, give me a call and see how a virtual floor plan can help sell your Outer Banks house.

This service does not cost you anything and is provided as part of our extensive marketing campaign.

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Compare gas and electricity prices

At OVO, we believe in keeping energy as simple as possible.

Of course, when you’re looking for cheap gas and electric quotes, the first (and maybe the only) thing you mean to consider is price. However, if you really want to compare gas and electricity from different providers as accurately as possible, there are other aspects to think about as well, like service.

For example, if you’re the kind of person who always wants to be able to phone up and chat to a real UK-based adviser rather than managing your account online, you may think that’s worth paying a bit more for.

And there are certainly plenty of us who are prepared to spend a little extra to protect the planet. To get 100% renewable electricity1, sign up for Green Energy. As an added option, available with any plan, it’s made to fit around your lifestyle.

Our energy plans

Frequently Asked Questions

These are plans where you pay for your energy monthly in advance, by Direct Debit.

To start with, you’ll pay the monthly amount shown in your quote. However, if we find you’re using more energy than we expected, or much less, we may need to adjust your payment to make sure it covers your energy use accurately over the year.

The figures on this line show the average monthly amount that would be paid by someone on each individual plan if they were a medium user of gas and electricity.

We work them out by using the ‘typical domestic energy consumption’ figures published by Ofgem. These show the average amount of gas and electricity used each year by a medium customer in the UK.

We then multiply this yearly average by our unit rates (for each monthly plan) and standing charges to show the annual cost.

Lastly, we divide it by 12 to find the average monthly payment.

Most energy providers should give an average price figure in their website, to help with your electric and gas comparison.

To us, renewable electricity means energy generated by renewable sources, like wind power, or the sun’s rays. We believe it’s important to use as much renewable electricity as we can, so all our plans offer a minimum of 50% renewable electricity (see more about our fuel mix). Want to go even greener? Choose our Green Energy upgrade and get 100% renewable electricity.

At OVO, we only charge exit fees on our fixed plans. If you want to find out if they apply to your plan, please check your contract. If it does include exit fees, you may be liable to pay these charges if you leave your fixed plan early, or downgrade your plan at any point during your contract. The amount will be £30 per fuel (including VAT) – so you might have to pay us £60 because you’ve changed your mind.

Find out more about exit fees here.

If you’re on a ‘fixed price’ or ‘fixed rate’ plan or contract, it means that the unit prices you’re paying for your gas and electricity won’t change, no matter what may happen to national energy prices. Once we’ve offered you a price and you’ve accepted it, it will stay the same for the 12 months of your contract.

Just to make it clear, fixed prices are not the same as fixed payments. The basic rate that you’re paying for each unit of energy stays the same, but your payments could rise or fall if you use more or less energy each month than we originally expected.

Our OVO Interest Rewards2 are just our way of thanking you for your loyalty. And for keeping your account in credit too. You'll start with a 3% reward in your first year, before we increase it to 4% in year two, and 5% the following year. Essentially, the longer you stay with us, the more we'll say thanks.

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Neurotransmitters Notes

Pharmacology Notes > BIOL10832 Excitable Cells Notes

This is an extract of our Neurotransmitters document, which we sell as part of our BIOL10832 Excitable Cells Notes collection written by the top tier of University Of Manchester students.

The following is a more accessble plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our BIOL10832 Excitable Cells Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:

Excitable Cells - Lecture 9 (27/02/2018)

Receptors are membrane-spanning proteins comprised of a number of subunits.

When ligand binding occurs, this induces a conformational change in the receptor, as shown in the Lock-and-Key Hypothesis.

Agonists and Antagonists

Agonists and Antagonists are used as tools for understanding synaptic functions and candidates for drug discovery.
An Allosteric modulator binds to the receptor at a different site to alter how the receptor binds to the ligand. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor - Ligand-gated ion channel.

The Nicotonic Acetylcholine receptor is a membranespanning protein made up of five subunits (2, , , , ),
which are arranged to form a pore.

2x ACh's bind to 2 subunits to open then channel.
Na+ (and K+) flow down their electrochemical gradient causing the membrane to depolarise (epsp).

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine).
Adrenaline (epinephrine).
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
L-Glutamic acid.
γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA).

Substance P.

NO (Nitric Oxide).

Identification of Neurotransmitter
A Neurotransmitter candidate:

Must be synthesised by the neuron.
Must be present in the synaptic terminal at sufficient concentrations.
Must be released on presynaptic stimulation.
Exogenous application to postsynaptic cell must evoke a response.
A Mechanism must exist for its removal from the synaptic cleft.

Diversity of Neurotransmitters
There are 3 main classes of Neurotransmitter:

Amino acids: (eg: glutamate; glycine; -aminobutyric acid
(GABA), synaptic vesicles, 50 nm)

Amines: (eg: acetylcholine (ACh); dopamine; noradrenaline;
serotonin (5-HT), synaptic vesicles)

Peptides: (eg: enkephalin; substance P; neuropeptide Y)
(dense-core secretory granules, 100 nm)

Buy the full version of these notes or essay plans and more in our BIOL10832 Excitable Cells Notes.


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Ecology Physiological Ecology of Water Balance in Terrestrial Plants
Paul Barnes
  • LAST MODIFIED: 31 July 2019
  • DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199830060-0221

Water is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and production of terrestrial (land) plants. Although water is essential for a number of metabolic, physiological, and growth processes in plants (e.g., turgor maintenance and cell elongation, transport of nutrients and carbohydrates, energy dissipation, and photosynthetic electron transport), most plants consume and store very little water. The vast majority of water that is absorbed by a plant’s root system moves through its vascular tissue (xylem) and is lost to the atmosphere as water vapor in the process of transpiration. It is the net difference between this uptake and loss that determines the overall water balance of a plant. Plant species vary considerably in their abilities to capture soil water, how efficiently they utilize water, and their tolerances to desiccation, and this variation has a number of ecological consequences at scales from individual plants to ecosystems, landscapes, and the globe. Historically, plant physiological ecologists studied the water relations of plant cells, tissues, and organs to better understand the molecular, physiological, anatomical, and morphological mechanisms by which plants have adapted to survive drought and cope with limited water availability. For obvious reasons, these studies were concentrated on plants in extreme moisture-limited ecosystems such as deserts, but water relations research was also conducted in other systems that experience intermittent and seasonal drought. Over time, physiological ecologists began to study the water relationships between plants and soil, examined how plants interacted with one another for this resource, and explored how temporal and spatial variation in soil moisture availability influences species distributions and community organization. The study of ecohydrology is a relatively recent interdisciplinary discipline that seeks to study how hydrological processes influence biological communities and also how these systems, in turn, influence the water cycle. Plant physiological ecologists play an important role in ecohydrology research by studying how water influences ecosystem function and quantifying the role of vegetation in influencing hydrological processes. Finally, plant physiological ecologists are increasingly interested in how changes in water availability driven by climate change affects plants and terrestrial ecosystems, how global change factors (e.g., atmospheric CO2) influence plant water relations, and what role vegetation itself plays in influencing the atmosphere and climate. Below are selected sources that highlight the full breadth of the study of the physiological ecology of water balance in plants. An emphasis is placed on terrestrial plants in non-hydric (i.e., non-flooded) environments and sources include a number of classical as well as contemporary publications.

General Overviews

There are a number of textbooks in plant physiology and plant physiological ecology that address the fundamentals of plant and soil water relations. These sources largely vary in whether they take a physiological or an ecological emphasis, how quantitative they treat the subject, and to what degree they examine processes at scales above the individual plant (i.e., canopies and vegetation). One of the best introductions to plant and soil water relations, from a physiological perspective, is that of Kramer and Boyer 1995. There are a number of textbooks on plant physiological ecology that cover plant water relations from more of an ecological perspective. Of these, Lambers, et al. 1998 is perhaps the most comprehensive, whereas Jones 2013 and Nobel 1999 are the most quantitative. Chabot and Mooney 1985 take a biome-based approach to the subject. Larcher 2003 focuses on stress physiology and is therefore a more traditional comparative physiology approach. By comparison, Chapin, et al. 2002 examines plants and water from an ecosystem and hydrological perspective. The Physiological Plant Ecology series of the edited volume Lange, et al. 1982 remains a solid source for these and other topics not often covered in many textbooks. The best sources for methods are Pearcy, et al. 1989 for whole plant physiological ecology and Sala, et al. 2000 for ecosystem science.

  • Chabot, B. F., and H. A. Mooney, eds. 1985. Physiological ecology of North American plant communities. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    E-mail Citation »

    A biome-based synthesis that examines ecophysiological processes, including water relations, relevant to the major plant community types of North America.

  • Chapin, F. S., III, P. A. Matson, and H. A. Mooney. 2002. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    E-mail Citation »

    An introductory text in ecosystem science that includes sections addressing the role of plants and vegetation in water and energy balance in terrestrial ecosystems.

  • Jones, H. G. 2013. Plants and microclimate: A quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. 3d ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511845727E-mail Citation »

    A quantitative approach to plant water relations and gas exchange; an excellent resource for modelers.

  • Kramer, P. J., and J. S. Boyer. 1995. Water relations of plants and soils. Academic Press.

    E-mail Citation »

    Emphasizes the physiological aspects of water relations from cells to whole plants, including soil water relations. Some attention is given to environmental and agricultural topics and a brief history of research developments in the field is provided.

  • Lambers, H., F. S. Chapin III, and T. L. Pons. 1998. Plant physiological ecology. New York: Springer.

    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2855-2E-mail Citation »

    A comprehensive treatment of the subject including plant and soil-water relations from an ecological perspective. Includes sections on adaptations to drought and scaling water use from leaves to canopies and vegetation.

  • Lange, O. L., P. S. Nobel, C. B. Osmond, and H. Ziegler. 1982. Physiological plant ecology II: Water relations and carbon assimilation. Vol. 12. Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68150-9E-mail Citation »

    A solid source for information on a range of topics including modeling of water loss and photosynthesis, water and seed germination, responses to flooding, and other topics that are often not covered in standard textbooks.

  • Larcher, W. 2003. Physiological plant ecology. Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05214-3E-mail Citation »

    Provides background information that is similar to other sources but emphasizes the comparative stress physiology of plant functional groups.

  • Nobel, P. S. 1999. Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    E-mail Citation »

    Examines the environmental aspects of water in plants with a strong quantitative and biophysical perspective.

  • Pearcy, R. W., J. R. Ehleringer, H. A. Mooney, and P. W. Rundel, eds. 1989. Plant physiological ecology: Field methods and instrumentation. New York: Chapman and Hall.

    E-mail Citation »

    One of the best sources for information on the methods and instrumentation used in field water relations research, and related topics.

  • Sala, O. E., R. B. Jackson, H. A. Mooney, and R. W. Howarth, eds. 2000. Methods in ecosystem science. New York: Springer.

    E-mail Citation »

    An excellent source for methodology in ecosystem science, including the use of stable isotopes and measurement of water fluxes in whole plants and canopies.

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Goodenough, Samuel (1743–1827), bishop of Carlisle and botanist, was born at Kimpton, near Weyhill, Hampshire, on 29 April 1743, the second son of the Revd William Goodenough, rector of Kimpton and of Broughton Poges, Oxfordshire, and prebendary of Brecon Cathedral, and his wife, ...


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Lowther, Sir James, fourth baronet (bap. 1673, d. 1755), politician and coal owner, was baptized on 5 August 1673 at St Giles-in-the-Fields, London, the second son and the youngest of the three children of Sir John Lowther, second baronet (bap. 1642, d. 1706)...


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Cooper, John Astley (bap. 1858, d. 1930), propagandist for athleticism, was born in Adelaide, South Australia, and baptized on 21 April 1858, the eldest of the six children of the Revd Astley Cooper (1832/3–1915), the English-born vicar of St Mary's Church, Adelaide, Australia...


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George Stronach

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Wilson, Alexander (1714–1786), astronomer and type founder, son of Patrick Wilson, town clerk of St Andrews, and Clara Fairfoul, his wife, was born at St Andrews, Fife. His father died when he was very young. He studied at the university there, and graduated MA on 8 May 1733. He was then apprenticed to a surgeon and apothecary, first in ...


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Vaus [Vans], Sir Patrick, Lord Barnbarroch (d. 1597), diplomat and judge, was the second son of Sir John Vaus of Barnbarroch, Wigtownshire, and his wife, Janet, only child of Sir Samuel MacCulloch of Myreton, keeper of the palace of Linlithgow. Vaus was intended for the church and became rector of ...


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Neil Munro Roger (1911–1997) by Francis Goodman, 1951 © reserved; collection National Portrait Gallery, London

Roger, Neil Munro [Bunny] (1911–1997), couturier and socialite, was born on 9 June 1911 at 90 North Gate, St Marylebone, London, the second of the three sons of Sir Alexander Roger (1878–1961), businessman, and his wife, Helen Stuart Clark (1884–1976), the daughter of a mayor of ...