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The Ferryman, Gielgud Theatre

I ended up seeing The Ferryman twice – quite unintentionally – and I am glad I did. For, despite being hailed as the ‘play of the year’ this is not a production that reaches its full impact at first viewing. Like Butterworth’s previous work there is so much to take in that it’s easy to be overwhelmed. I did not catch Uncle Pat’s eponymous ferryman speech until the second time round, for example.

The Ferryman is a play concerned with echoes and reverberations. In the course of one, long, festive day, we are shown how tragedies, legends and consequences ripple through families, countries and cultures – and in particular through the Carney family. In a cast made up of three generations, almost every character has a ripple and and an echo: whether they are women on the fringes of the action, left behind to care for broken families, or young men reliving the tragedies of their fathers and uncles, every character is enacting a story that already exists: Mary and Aunt Maggie take refuge in invalidity to cope with the loss of the men they loved; Aunt Pat and Caitlin both live lives marked by men who died; and Shane and his brother Diarmaid seem bent on re-enacting the sorrows of Quinn and Seamus Carney.

Folklore, mythology and politics ripple through the story – whether it is reverence for the IRA transmitted from Aunt Pat to her nephews and beyond, the folkloric tales of banshees becoming intermingled with the menace of the IRA, or the passive role being passed down to subsequent generations of women. Dreams, mythology, history and fact are all passed down from the same lips, with little distinction.

The most obvious theme rippling through the play is its characters relationship with the IRA. This starts with Aunt Pat’s generation, born at the dawn of the 20th Century: she loses the brother she idolises to the troubles in 1917 and keeps his revolver in her bedroom – remaining loyal to his ideals over the years to the point that she mourns for every hunger striker. Even when they are presented to her in the twisted form of thuglike Mr Muldoon, the very man responsible for the death of her nephew, she feels compelled to shake his hand. There is a sadness about this: that Pat has not grasped that her struggle and that of Muldoon are no longer the same, and that he warrants neither her sacrifice not her support.

The ripple carries on to demonstrate how little people learn from even the most recent tragedies and mistakes: through Quinn Carney, who leaves the IRA to raise his family, and his brother Seamus who is executed for talking too much. As the action unfolds, we see their sons and nephews struggling with the same questions over allegiance and identity – with Declan on his way to becoming another loose-lipped casualty.

There are echoes – in the structure and mood of the play, its pastoral setting imbued with impending doom – of Butterworth’s last hit play, Jerusalem. The action takes place on a holiday with roots beyond the Christian, there are live animals on stage at various points, the same large cast of characters, and the same unfurling process, with the household literally waking up, adopting a festive mood and the winding down as the sense of foreboding mounts. It’s impossible not to make comparisons – something I found incredibly distracting first time round.

Butterworth weaves in echoes from literature, too – elements rising to the surface from Homer, from Steinbeck and from Celtic myths and placing what might seem to be a domestic tragedy on a grander stage. But it also places the much of the history being shared in the context of mythology, too: Aunt Pat’s generation has reached mythological status in the eyes of her great-nieces and nephews, the hunger strikers are martyrs in the eyes of the boys who idolise them and aspire to be a part of the myths themselves. But Muldoon and his gang represent something more real and dangerous than the myths being spun.

Unlike Jerusalem, this is an ensemble piece, and although Paddy Considine is ostensibly the star, no-one performer is allowed to dominate. There is almost perfect balance between the old and the young, worldly and innocent, male and female on stage, with standout performances from Dearbhla Molloy as feisty, foul-mouthed Aunt Pat, Tom Glynn-Carney as Declan and John Hodgkinson as Tom Kettle. It’s a giant of a play – not just in it length, but in the scope of what it addresses, the human relationship with history and hyperbole and how the art of storytelling – and the desire to create and participate in myths – skew our perspective of the world and its realities.

Despite its richness, I cannot agree with the ‘play of the year’s claims. Unusually for such a vibrantly realised piece, I didn’t feel for the characters, or wonder what happened to them the moment after the curtain fell. When tragedy strikes there is no wrench. Quinn and Caitlin’s love seemed obvious and commonplace to me, almost lazy plot writing. As a result, the Ferryman is neither the best show I’ve seen this year, nor the best new show. It’s thought-provoking and heartfelt, packing punches as well as producing laughs…but for me it lacked the emotional impact of, for argument’s sake, Jerusalem.

Loot, Park Theatre

Possibly one of the most eagerly awaited elements of 2017’s celebration of Joe Orton was the uncensored production of his 1967 hit Loot. It could easily have been an academic exercise, but instead is hilarious, vibrant and deeply macabre.

Orton was known in his lifetime for being shocking – but 50 years have passed since then.  And yet, Loot still shocks – but not where it used to. It may be perfectly normal for Hal and Dennis to close with a lingering, passionate kiss in 2017, and the proposed menage with Fay may be fairly Jules et Jim, but Orton’s talent was in making his audience feel discomfort in ways that still hit home today. In Loot, the established order of things – which has probably not changed as much as we would have like it to since his death – is constantly questioned, challenged and found wanting.

Today, Loot shocks with its modernity. Written by a man who never got to update it over time, it should feel like a museum piece. Instead, it could almost be set in the here and now. The societal norms and trends Hal and Dennis are trying to buck don’t seem out of date. Anecdotes – such as Nurse Fay’s career killing off her patients – seem quite prophetic given that in the decades after Orton’s death cases of that nature received high-profile attention.

There is often discussion about how Orton’s plays should be performed – watching filmed versions of Orton’s plays from the 1970s is difficult because the lofty acting styles and the material don’t match. One of the challenges of performing his works and making them relatable has always been the fact that it’s farce written in quite elevated language. One of the reasons I suspect his plays work well now is that audiences have become used to TV shows like Blackadder which also pairs at times quite literary dialogue with farcical action. Graham Linehan’s sitcoms – notably Black Books and Father Ted – also came to mind as I watched, laughed, and stored away quotable quips for the future. The result is that unlike much work by his contemporaries, Orton’s voice feels modern.

In fact, watching Loot, you can’t help wondering whether had he lived – not just dodged his lover’s jealous hammer, but also the AIDs epidemic – the 1980s might have been Orton’s heyday.

An Orton Compendium: A Genius Like Us (A Portrait of Joe Orton)

In memory of the playwright Joe Orton, whose career ended in violent death 50 years ago, the BFI is showing a season of films of and about his work. Top of my to-see list was this compendium, which comprises a 1982 BBC documentary alongside clips showcasing some of the work referenced in the documentary – What the Butler Saw, which is also being shown as part of the season, with a Q&A by Lahr, Leonie Orton and Ken Cranham – and an excellent clip of Malcolm McDowell and Beryl Reid playing a scene from Entertaining Mr Sloane which made me wish I’d made it to see the 2009 production starring Mat Horne.

The main documentary works on several levels. First and foremost, it is an exploration of Orton, his life and death, and the people who knew him. Most of the screen time goes to Orton’s sister Leonie, biographer John Lahr and agent Peggy Ramsey as well as close friend Kenneth Williams. As a result, there’s little in the film that can’t be learnt by reading John Lahr’s biography Prick Up Your Ears. And yet, it’s the people who barely knew Orton that are most fascinating: the Islington librarian who can barely control his laughter as he describes Orton and Halliwell’s desecration of public property. The jolly publishers who betray every scrap of class prejudice they must have felt on meeting Orton for the first time in just a few minutes of chat. You get a sense of what it must have felt like to interact with Orton, and also what it must have felt like for him, attempting to enter circles presided over by the prejudiced. No wonder he had to cultivate unease and rebellion to get ahead.

The film is also a tantalising taste of documentaries past – the sort of thing I just about remember watching growing up. No slick editing or grinding repetition of recaps and soundbites, that blight today’s TV ‘documentaries’. Each subject is given space and time; they hesitate; they reflect; sometimes their words trail off and you learn as much about them as about their late lamented friend. It’s impossible, for example, not to like Orton and Halliwell’s neighbours, the Salvonis, and their simple acceptance of the two men as a couple – and one that would stick together no matter what. As Mr Salvoni repeats this sentiment about them sticking together, it’s as if he’s grasping for something else, perhaps something about love, that perhaps he can’t quite bring himself to say in this context. And yet, you know he gets it. Orton’s sister’s responses range in tone from cheeky wit when she is summing up her parents (“My father would have loved a greenhouse…but…he never aspired to that.”) to heartbreaking when she talks about the unhappiness of her childhood, or the gap her brother’s death left in her life – at that point, 15 years after it happened.

The Tempest, Barbican Theatre

The RSC’s latest production of The Tempest is causing quite a stir at the moment – even among those who don’t usually take an interest in the theatre. The reason is that this production incorporates ambitious uses of projection mapping and motion capture technology. The set – the wrecked hull of a ship – is augmented by vast, moving projections that transform it from rocking ship to turbulent undersea, to enchanted forest.

The effect is both captivating and frustrating. The audio visuals work best when they are bringing the sea and the island to life. I have never seen a more spectacular shipwreck scene, with a lifelike rocking of the ship and vivid images of bodies tumbling through the water are projected onto a cylinder onstage. Digital projection allows the landscape to shift from underwater to forest and back again – at times it was even like a magical underwater forest – everything you expect from a sorcerer’s island. Thanks to these projections, Prospero’s recreation of Ariel’s years in the pine tree becomes a scene of physical and emotional torture, in which we see Ariel once again imprisoned in its boughs – it’s also the only moment when this Prospero appears to be truly cruel. And yet, sometimes the effects feel overdone – Ariel’s hounds of hell were too much for me, the wedding masque was overlong and the digitally projected dresses on Juno & Friends were overkill.

Far more striking than the projections is the fact that Mark Quartley’s Ariel wears a mocap suit throughout, allowing his movements to be animated and enlarged into spirit manifestations. This works when he is enchanting Ferdinand in the guise of a sea nymph, and when he is presiding over the waters with an eagle’s wings. It works less so well when his spirit form is being projected onto a black flag flying above the stage – the suspension of disbelief, for me, was lost. Also, in spite of all the technology, Quartley’s Ariel never manages to be sufficiently ethereal. This might be down to the sinewy suit he wears, or the fact that his movements were boldly athletic rather than quick and lithe, but the overall effect was good but not great.

And this is where the production really falls down for me: the performances are solid but not great. I’ve seen two outstanding productions of The Tempest in the past decade – a previous RSC take starring Patrick Stewart and Dominic Dromgoole’s production at the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse in which Tim McMullan and Fisayo Akinade were outstanding and Dominic Rowan and Trevor Fox made my sides hurt from laughing.

Simon Russell Beale’s approach to performing Shakespeare has always thrilled me – the verse trips off his tongue as though the words had just formed in his head, making every scene feel like reality rather than drama. And yet, when it comes to Prospero, this ability becomes a weakness: Prospero is meant to be larger than life, especially in the early stages of the play, where he doesn’t have much stage time.

For me, at least, Prospero is one of Shakespeare’s most dramatic characters. After all, the tempest is raging within him as well as around the island. SRB’s natural delivery means that he never manages to convey the very dramatic emotions – rage, obsession – that drive Prospero in the early stages of the play. He is more like Leonato preparing industriously for the arrival of his distinguished guests than a man hellbent on revenge. The crucial moment – and change of heart – that occurs when Ariel shames his master by saying that were he human he would pity the prisoners, loses its impact if Propsero has never been that angry to begin with.

Ultimately, it’s a production that has a lot of good things about it – but only the technology seems really fresh. Everything else, I felt I had seen before. Joe Shire – understudying Joe Dixon – seemed to relish the role of Caliban, but I found the production’s interpretation of Caliban too overtly troll-like for my taste. Shire really took to the role, though, and added his own nuance to Caliban’s pain and frustration – the final scene where he finally walks upright and strides into his cell with his Prospero’s broken staff won me over entirely. Simon Trinder’s Trinculo seemed to have walked out of an episode of The League of Gentleman and he and James Hayes as Stephano never really achieved the energy and chemistry I have seen in other productions. You leave not exactly disappointed, but with a sense of exciting possibilities left unfulfilled.

I Loved Lucy, Arts Theatre

I haven’t given this show a star rating, because it’s an odd one to review: a truly unspectacular show in itself, but with an outstanding central performance.

There’s a particular species of Hollywood or theatrical biography in which a well-loved female star is befriended by a much younger man, they become constant companions, and a claustrophobic, generally codependent relationship forms. The star is usually in the last decade or so of their life and the young man is invariably a fan struggling to make his way as a writer. The biographies are generally a combination of anecdotes, eccentricities. Start and loyal subject always seem to fall out when the star’s health really declines, often as the result of some pushing by family members concerned about undue influence and protective of The Will.

I Loved Lucy is based on one such biography. Patrick, our narrator, is a lifelong Lucille Ball fan who is lucky enough to be distantly related by marriage to her second husband, Gary Morton, which leads to him developing a friendship with the lady herself. Patrick plays backgammon, visits her in Hollywood, acts as her PA when she is New York, accompanies her to movies, and watches helplessly as she stumbles through her final TV series.

None of this is interesting. What is interesting is how perfectly Sandra Dickinson captures Ball – her voice, her energy, her biting wit. When Patrick starts tediously – and endlessly – recounting the plots of I Love Lucy episodes, Dickinson doesn’t roll her eyes. She stares at him, as if waiting for him to get over his bout of verbal diarrhoea. It’s little touches like this that make her performance so captivating- and worth watching. There’s also a healthy dose of vulnerability: mixed in with the big, impressive tales about her Hollywood friends is disappointment about the failure of her first marriage and the compromise of her second. Genuine or fabricated, Dickinson plays the conflict well.

The show drags somewhat. There are only so many Lucy anecdotes one can sit through before the novelty palls. The timeline is inconsistent both with history and within the  play itself. Patrick is not an enjoyable character or a particularly engaging narrator. The best he has to recommend him is that unlike many similar biographers he always had a steady job, career and life of his own away from his celebrity friend.

The Arts Theatre seems to specialise in this kind of biodrama – in the past it has put on shows about Judy Garland, Bette Davis and Joan Crawford – and the performances are always well-attended so there must be a market for them. See it if you love Ball, or Dickinson, or both. Otherwise, see something else.

Common, Olivier Theatre

I’m afraid to say, I found Common uncommonly bad, fell asleep at one point and left at the interval feeling somewhat perplexed as the play appeared to have ended, but not finished. I realise not every first act ends with a cliffhanger, but they should, as a general rule, leave the audience wanting to know what happens next. That this one didn’t is the least of its problems.

What I could extract from the nonsense before me was that Mary is a foundling who gets slung out on her ear after having an affair with her adoptive sister, goes to London, makes some money whoring, gets knocked up and comes back to her country roots to take her long lost love Laura off to Boston to bring up baby. Along the way she spars with Laura’s brother, King, meets a boy with an allegedly possessed crow on his arm and does a lot of protesting about the enclosure laws that are about to come into force. The dialogue is awful. DC Moore has decided to draw comparisons between 19th Century peasants and sink estate youths – at least that’s the only plausible explanation I can dream up for writing a play in language that jumbles together complex archaic constructions with a touch of the Wurzels. The resulting effect is something akin to white noise punctuated with the word “fuck” at various intervals. Moore’s only strategy for raising the occasional laugh is to use phrases like “pissy pipe” and “furry hole”.

Lest we mistake this for a genuine play of the period, Moore makes certain to indicate that its influences are scrupulously contemporary. In a scene reminiscent of the coming-of-age ritual of many a Corrie/Emmerdale/Eastenders teenager, Mary abruptly announces “I’m pregnant!” mid-argument. People are constantly digging graves, and no-one watching really cares who died (or is about to). About 30 minutes in, I took a nap. The nightmare was that it was all still going when I awoke.

In fairness to Amy Downham (Mary), she was only standing in for Ann-Marie Duff, but her performance felt more like that of someone reading from a script they’ve read once or twice than one who believes in the character or story being portrayed. Perhaps she’s read the notices which, I understand, are no good, and given up on the play like the rest of us. Cush Jumbo, as Laura, does some acting and I must admit hers were the only lines and scenes I managed to remember after making my escape.

There are some positives. This play has an interval, allowing the imprudent ticket purchaser to escape after 90 minutes. I liked the set. The dusky skyline splattered with crows in flight is very striking, and I liked to focus on the distant, glowing horizon with its roofs and spires whenever the boredom got too much to bear. I was able to work out what sort of view I’ll get when I go to see Follies in September, and ponder what that set might be like. And I liked the costumes: Mary’s red riding outfit was very striking, and the Woodland Folk looked delightfully sinister.

But of course, when the play is so poor that all your joy comes from rustic rabbit heads, you know the production is in trouble.

Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour, Duke of York’s Theatre

A transfer from the NT, Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour is the perfect Friday night show: ballsy, bawdy, full of fine performances and uplifting songs. Do go and see it – but don’t go  expecting much of a plot.

Given that the action revolves around wayward schoolgirls and choirs, comparisons with St Trinian’s  and Pitch Perfect are unavoidable. It’s true the show bears all the well-established hallmarks of a British caper movie, including a script that is high on fast-paced laughs and low on real action. We meet six convent schoolgirls from Oban, they tell us about their lives and do some naughty things, there’s a brief attempt at a plot as they go to Edinburgh for the day to attend a choir competition. There’s then a section where we peek behind the masks to see that one of the young hellraisers is dying, one is pregnant, one is in love with her best friend, and so forth. It’s a valuable teaching moment in Tory Britain: watching this, the inhabitants of Tunbridge Wells can learn that even people with ASBOs can experience personal growth.

Mixed in with all of this are some fantastic renditions of some rather everyday songs. For me, they evoked the peculiarity of being a teenager through the sort of middle-of-the-road music that seems to surround you when growing up. It’s that period where you start taking ownership of the music your parents play, still bound by their tastes as you reject your standards, getting ready to be your own person. I was a 15 year-old UB40 fan (thanks, dad). Our ladies love ELO.

So far, so what? Incredibly, though its premise is slight – this show lives or dies on its humour – the end result is an incredible ride. This is principally because of the dazzling wit of the script and outstanding performances by Dawn Sievewright, Frances Mayli McCann and Kirsty MacLaren in particular. The actors grab their roles with both hands and make the audience love them, managing to counteract some of the more cloying moments at the end with the sheer force of their charisma.

Best of all, it’s an entirely female-fuelled show, with occasional male roles being taken on by the leads, allowing us to see these characters only as the girls see them and – for once! – for all the men to be filtered through a female gaze.

To Barry Norman, my unlikely hero

Standing at the Tories Out! demo in central this afternoon, I learned that journalist, broadcaster and film critic Barry Norman had died. And my heart hurt.

There aren’t many people out there who inspire me, but if it hadn’t been for that man my love of cinema – real cinema – might never have developed and certainly wouldn’t have come about as early in my life as it did.

For the whole of the 1990s, Norman’s BBC TV show introduced me to films, directors and ways of thinking about film that I might never have accessed otherwise. He inspired me to seek out great cinema, follow careers read histories of film. Many of my favourite films I learned about from watching his show and I grew up desperately wanting his job, which in turn inspired me to document my thoughts about films and later on about plays.

So many of my early life decisions were inspired by this secret ambition: I wrote about films for my French A level coursework and took a film course in my first year at university because I wanted to look at film differently, with a critical eye. I hated that course – and yet it changed my way of thinking and absorbing art forever.

Since then, I have read, watched, written, spoken and listened widely about film. None of Norman’s successors ever came close in my esteem. There might have been others more literary, but none has had the same profound effect on my intellectual life. He has always remained my favourite film critic.

Thank you, Barry. Thank you so very much.

The Mentor, Vaudeville Theatre

I was excited to see this play. I have been longing to see F. Murray Abraham on stage for some years and what better opportunity than an intellectual play about the nature of art, writing and working in the Arts?

Well, a lot of things, really. The main problem is that while The Mentor boasts an excellent cast, it’s an insipid piece of work that doesn’t provide them with the kind of matter they can get their teeth into. Whether this is a fault of the writer (Daniel Kehlmann) or the translator (Christopher Hampton), or the famous fatal misalliance between British and German humour, the result is a polite B+ essay of a play which doesn’t give the cast room to shine.

Kehlmann draws some rather commonplace not-quite-conclusions about what it means to be a writer, to review art, to support art, and so forth. There are some neat little jokes about working in the Arts sector – all worth a polite titter. But the play trickles along like one of the less good chapters in an Alain de Botton book: mildly amusing, faintly familiar, but ultimately no that interesting.

The performances range from decent to very good. FMA doesn’t disappoint, but his role is basically a watered down – and slightly more charming – version of some of the terrifying roles he’s played on screen. It’s a role he could do in his sleep, and he stays on the professional side of phoning it in. Naturally, this is a disappointment, knowing that given better material, he could have done so much more. Jonathan Cullen brings some delightfully fussy details to Erwin, the arts administrator. None of this, however, is enough to really lift the play, and when Martin flings his Macbook (and play) into the lake, one can’t help wondering what trick of fate prevented Kehlmann from doing the same. The play ends, the cast smile, the audience applauds politely, and marvels at the tastelessness of the lone voice that bothers to shout “Bravo!”

Hamlet, Harold Pinter Theatre

When I was a child, one of my aunts often used to sit me down to watch films starring Hayley Mills. If you grew up in a world where The Parent Trap starred Lindsay Lohan, then I should explain here that Hayley Mills was the daughter of a British film star, who became a child star in the 1960s. For me, one of the defining features of these films, most of which were made by Disney, was that they starred a distinctly British child surrounded by an American family. I was frustrated by the lack of backstory around this, especially in the film That Darn Cat! which even featured an older sister who was American, so I couldn’t even plausibly convince myself that the character’s parents had spent a chunk of time in the UK and recently return to the US.

What this digression has to do with the Almeida production of Hamlet that’s just transferred to the Harold Pinter Theatre, is the fact that Andrew Scott is the lone player with an Irish accent, while everyone else gives their best (and in some cases approximate) RSC delivery. This ends up being both a distraction and a revelation, because it’s hard not to wonder why he is different when the others are so much the same.

Scott’s delivery is what makes this production. Suddenly, lines which are usually soberly declaimed bubble forth like real, live speech. You get the impression that this Hamlet is thinking and feeling his words, rather than reading them off the backs of his eyes. The rhythms of Scott’s speech are a perfect match for Hamlet’s soliloquies. He makes the ravings of a madman make sense – and delivers them with a knowing humour that draws loud cackles from the audience. The fact that he feels real and the rest of the cast are Doing Shakespeare reinforces the fact that there might, as Polonius suggests, be method in his madness. Hamlet, despite losing his wits, is the only one who sees the world as it really is – a powerful message in the current political climate.

The only scene I didn’t enjoy as much was the “get thee to a nunnery” exchange with Ophelia, which is usually my favourite part of the play. The spirited delivery of the rest of the text muted its impact: and I am not going to complain.

It’s a modern Hamlet – the action takes place in 21st Century Denmark, some of the costumes could have been bought in Muji, and both CCTV and press footage are incorporated into the action in a way that seems entirely natural and appropriate. Whereas many other productions finagle modern elements into old plays to make awkward  parallels, this Hamlet fully – and comfortably – inhabits the modern world.

The direction is superb, and helps to expand some of the characters whose stage presence is too brief in the text. We see them going about their lives behind a screen while the main action takes place, giving us a sense of who they are even before they first speak. The same screen is also a subtle way of dealing with the distinctly unmodern streak of supernatural in the play – the dead inhabit the world beyond the screen.

As ever, I must make a brief pause in all this to hammer on about the male gaze and its ugly interruption of what is a stellar production. Why, should Ophelia (both sane and mad) feverishly wrap her legs around her brother Laertes and hump him as though she is Martine McCutcheon in Love Actually? I admire the form of Jessica Brown Findlay as much as the next person with a pulse, but really, I felt this was merely an excuse to get a young actor into an unnecessarily sexual pose.

I’m known for seriously disliking Hamlet. In fact, I’d go so far as to say that it’s my least favourite Shakespearean tragedy. It’s always felt rather self indulgent to me – both in the way it is written and the way it is performed. I loathe its tendency to make even the finest of actors generally catching their breath a little before launching into the famous speeches. I’ve seen it four times since the age of 14, and managed to feel unmoved even when Michael Sheen brandished Yorick’s skull mere inches from my face. I can’t hep but lose my will half through the second act every time.

Except this time. This production not only has me wanting to purchase another ticket, but itching to revisit the text – something I haven’t bothered to do for at least 15 years. I think that warrants a Bravo all round.


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Letter seeking agreement to vary employment contract terms

Letter seeking agreement to vary employment contract terms

The best way to achieve a change to one or more terms of an employee’s contract of employment is by mutual agreement. Let the employee know in writing that you are proposing to make a change and seek their written consent to it.

Binding contract

The contract of employment is binding on both parties. This means that it’s generally unlawful for you to unilaterally change an existing employee’s contract without their agreement - unless the change is permitted by the contract itself. If you impose contractual changes without their express agreement, you will be in breach of contract. If the breach is sufficiently serious, they may claim constructive unfair dismissal if they’re forced to resign due to your actions and they have sufficient continuity of employment. An employee can generally claim constructive dismissal if they have been employed for two years or more.

Express agreement

If you wish to change an employee’s contract of employment, you should first inform them both verbally and in writing that you’re proposing (not making) a change. You should set out in detail the nature of the proposed change and why it’s necessary for the needs of your business. Our Letter Seeking Agreement to Vary Employment Contract Terms will help you here. The employee should be invited to consider the change and then revert to you with their views.

Not willing to agree

If an employee is not willing to accept a proposed change, you will have to engage in a period of negotiation to try and obtain their consent to the change. You could offer an incentive to help here. This could take the form of a pay increase, a one-off bonus or extra holiday entitlement. Alternatively, you might have to amend your proposal to one that is acceptable to the employee.

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How to Prevent Bullying in Elementary Schools

17 September, 2020
Bullying usually occurs in the final years of primary education. We'll explain more about this in this article.

Bullying is a social phenomenon and a problem that occurs regardless of class, culture, or social level. It’s most prevalent in early adolescence, around the ages of 11 and 13. That’s why we’ve prepared this article for you on bullying in elementary schools.

It’s in the final years of elementary school that most cases of bullying develop and occur, even more than at secondary school. So, we need to work on this issue in the first years of primary education, and make the children fully aware of the issue of bullying and how it affects their classmates. If we do this, then the number of people affected by it will certainly be reduced in the short and long term.

Characteristics of elementary school students

We should bear in mind that elementary school students are right in the middle of their development regarding their capacities and skills. They acquire different skills at the following ages:

  • Between the ages of 6 and 12, a child develops the feeling of autonomy and the need for independence.
  • Between the ages of 7 and 9, children begin to become aware of social norms and a sense of embarrassment. Therefore, it’s important for them to feel accepted and valued by their friends. This is an ideal age to teach them to share, negotiate, cooperate and know how to accept failures in social relationships.
  • Around the age of 9 or 10, they begin to make the distinction of their family life and the social contact with their friends, and start to develop the idea of loyalty to their friends. So, at this stage, they must learn the value of personal effort and setting aside their own personal comforts.
  • From the age of 11, due to the physical changes that start to take place in their bodies, there’s an increase in insecurity. They also want to appear older and more mature. Because of this, they may proudly challenge authority. Their group of friends acquires a very relevant place in their lives.

In short, elementary school students are characterized by the need for approval from their peers, and the opinions of others are very important to them.

The first feelings of exclusion can start to appear when there are people who are different in some way from the social norm. Because of this, they have to learn to:

  • Not judge people
  • Put themselves in the other person’s shoes
  • Look for solutions
  • Be consistent with their actions

Taking measures against bullying in elementary schools

It’s important to take action against bullying in elementary schools. In this way, children will learn from an early age how to react positively to intolerance and provocation.

They’ll also be able to react in more positive ways to control their anger, to create new proposals, to seek solutions, and to stop believing that conflicts are always negative. In this way, they’ll achieve positive social relationships and non-violent interaction will be encouraged.

An inclusive school will always focus their education on promoting coexistence based on values and good practices, such as:

  • Solidarity
  • Respect
  • Tolerance
  • Participation
  • Responsibility
  • Commitment to the public

Furthermore, an inclusive school will guarantee that all students will have access to a quality education, based on equity and equal opportunities. In this educational context, they should address differences and give specific support and assistance to the most vulnerable people.

Similarly, the education system should build democratic social areas with a high level of participation. These areas should be socially enriched, facilitate learning, and emphasize the importance of living in harmony together. There should be a climate of learning, understanding, communication, good relationships, and openness to other groups.

It’s a question of focusing on true participation and fighting against any form of exclusion. This is an ongoing process, and the work is never completely finished.

How to Prevent Bullying in Elementary Schools

In conclusion, we should note that one of the main purposes of education is to help each child develop fully in all areas of their life:

  • Physical
  • Cognitive
  • Communicative
  • Social
  • Cultural
  • Moral
  • Emotional

Therefore, a harmonious balance in developing these dimensions will promote a positive coexistence. As a result, there will be positive repercussions and a significant reduction in bullying cases in schools.

  • Gobierno Vasco. (2014). Heziberri 2020, Marco del modelo educativo pedagógico.Departamento de Educación, Política Lingüística y Cultura del Gobierno Vasco.
  • Ortega-Ruiz, R., Orjuela L., Cabrera de los Santos, B., Calmaestra, J. y Mora-Merchán, J. (2014). Acoso escolar y ciberacoso: propuestas para la acción. Madrid: Save the Children.
  • Rodríguez, N. (2006). Stop bullying: las mejores estrategias para prevenir y frenar el acoso escolar. Barcelona: RBA.


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12 Best Motorcycle Jacks Lifts Stands (Reviews) in 2021

While reading the motorcycle lifts reviews available, we noticed that many products have an average and above average performance. We selected the ones with the highest performance so you can quickly take your pick.

1. Powerbuilt 620422E Heavy Duty 4000 lb Triple Lift Jack

The Powerbuilt 620422E offers a lot of advantages packed in a compact design. Floor jacks are usually a hassle because they are quite large, but you can rest assured that this particular model will not take up a lot of space in your shed. Too often, motorcycle storage sheds get crowded with unnecessary items, and that is why you need to focus on getting a lift that does not take up too much room.

The model comes equipped with a flexible design, and it is suitable for lifting more than just motorcycles. Because it has a lifting capacity of about 4,000 pounds, it can lift vehicles, ATVs, and even trucks. Due to its versatility, you can expand its usage as you see fit.

You can always opt for a floor jack, but that can be quite expensive; plus, it will take up a lot of room. A good motorcycle jack should be compact and inexpensive, and this particular model fits the bill perfectly.

One of the first characteristics worth noting about this unit is the compact design, which means that you won’t need to reserve a whole lot of space to keep it in your garage.

The lift jack also ensures great versatility, thanks to its flexible design that allows you to lift other vehicles and pieces as well.

The outstanding lifting capacity that goes as high as 4,000 lbs means that ATVs, UTVs, and even larger vehicles can be lifted with its help.

This model provides the right combination of versatility and effectiveness, all for an affordable price, so you won’t have to go through the hassle of getting a floor jack.

You may want to check the measurements to make sure that the unit is not too tall for your motorcycle.

In some cases, it might not fit under the bike, so take a look at these details as well.

Buy from Amazon Now ($191.99)

2. Orion Motor Tech Dilated Scissor Lift Jack for Street Bike

The lifting capacity is one of the first specifications you should look at when you are shopping for a motorcycle lift. The 1,000-pound capacity of this particular model makes it a good option for motorbikes and other similar vehicles. The lift range varies between 3-3/4 inches and 13-2/5 inches, and the model is easy to operate.

You will be thankful for the rubber deck that makes sliding on the floor impossible, hence preventing accidents. Always check the platform dimensions when you are shopping for a good motorcycle lift, to see if you can accommodate it in the space you have at your disposal.

The surface is resistant to dirt and oil, and you will have no trouble with keeping it in mint condition. Make sure to use it only for motorcycles, as it is not indicated for dirt bikes, ATVs, and snowmobiles. Shop for specialized ATV ramps, if this is the type of vehicle you prefer.

With a 1000 lbs. lifting capacity, you will be able to use this unit for a wide range of motorcycle models, as well as for other similar vehicles.

Besides the versatility it offers, you might also want to know that the lifting range is a comfortable one for multiple uses, which makes the entire unit easy to handle and operate.

A rubber layer is also included which ensures extra safety and protection against potential slides, thus working well for preventing small accidents that are certainly not fun.

Another thing that will surely make any user happy is that this unit features a dirt and oil-resistant surface, which means that its maintenance is not that difficult.

This unit is very heavy, so some people might need a bit of help to move it around.

You should take a look at the lifting range details provided by the manufacturer to make sure this is not too tall or too short for your vehicle.

Buy from Amazon Now ($78.99)

3. Stkusa 1100Lbs Motorcycle Lift Scissor Center Jack

The 1,100-pound lifting capacity places this model in the category of motorcycle lifts and stands that offer good performance at a decent price. You will be able to lift your motorcycle, and you will notice that the lifting range goes from 3-3/4 inches to 15-3/4 inches.

This model is very straightforward, and you will not have to worry about parts and pieces that can get damaged easily. It comes with two screw adapters that will allow you to adjust the height of the lift with ease.

You can operate the lift through the crank jack available. Everything about this model spells ease of use. The 3-inch wings on the sides provide the lift with extra stability. The same purpose is achieved by the wide base that will not allow your motorcycle to topple over. Of all the stands and lifts available for sale, you can choose this one for ease of use and high performance at a decent price.

What you will surely appreciate about this unit is the sturdy construction which renders it extremely durable, as well as stable and reliable.

Furthermore, high-quality materials ensure the user’s peace of mind, given that getting the unit damaged is a pretty difficult thing to do.

Thanks to the two screw adapters included in the package, you can easily adjust the lifting range, which makes this a versatile solution for multiple types of vehicles.

There’s also a crank jack available that you can use without too much effort if you need to get the job done faster, while the unit’s price is very affordable within its category.

You may need to add some lubricant on the moving parts before you use it for the first time.

The top and bottom surfaces can be a bit slippery, but you can easily fix this by adding some non-skid rubber elements on them.

Buy from Amazon Now ($69.95)

4. Zeny 1100 LB Motorcycle Center Scissor Lift

The first moment you take a look at this lift, you will notice its beautiful red and black finish. It should be mentioned that the powder coating is not there just for looks, but it also has a practical purpose, as it is able to protect the lift from wear and tear, thus ensuring that it will serve you for years to come.

The simple crank operation will convince you that this is an ideal option when you want to lift your bike for repairs. The maximum weight limit on this model is 1100 pounds, which means that you can safely use it for heavier bikes, and ATVs.

It is nice that it comes with a rubber mat that doesn’t let it slide from any surface. Because of its wide deck, you will find it an excellent choice for a plethora of vehicles. You will be happy to learn that you can use it in your garage, as well as at the track, if that’s what you want.

With a weight limit of 1,100 pounds, you can expect this jack lift to help you with the heaviest cruisers you might have in your garage.

Its wide deck makes sure that you can safely use it not only for motorcycles but ATVs as well when you plan on making repairs.

A removable crank handle is one of its most essential features as it helps you operate the jack lift with ease and without a problem.

It is made from solid steel, so you can expect this model to serve you for a long time without fail.

Be aware that the pivot and rollers are not pre-lubed, so your first step should be to take everything apart and applied the needed lubrication for the lift to work smoothly.

It might not be able to accommodate all types of bikes, as it might be too tall for some models.

Buy from Amazon Now ($45.99)

5. BikeMaster Easy Lift & Lower Off-Road Motorcycle Jack Stand

When you need to lift your motorcycle off the ground, you need two things, which are control, and ease of use. Also, when you have to let the motorcycle back on the floor, you want to avoid shocks, which is why the damper shock feature on this model will make you appreciate it more.

Letting your motorcycle to free fall is not an option because this is how extra damage occurs. The deck height can be adjusted, and you will find this lift a good option for various bikes. Plenty of the reviews of motorcycle stands will tell you that this model ticks all the right boxes regarding performance and durability.

The bike will not slide from the grip, as the lift comes with a solid anti-slip pad. The high versatility of this stand makes it stand out. You will appreciate having a lever lock that allows you to keep it in a raised position for a long time.

The damper shock included in this unit ensures that you can lift and lower the vehicle without any shocks that might put it at risk in any way.

This unit is highly appreciated for its adjustable deck height, which means that you can safely use it for various types of vehicles besides your motorcycle.

Thanks to the sturdy construction, you will surely appreciate this model’s durability, and you can also be sure that its performance won’t disappoint you either.

There’s a solid anti-slip pad included in the design which works great to keep the bike from sliding, thus providing an extra safety feature for when the jack stand is in use.

You need to place the bike in the unit’s middle and balance it properly to make sure that there’s no tilting or wobbling.

For some motorcycle models, this stand might be a bit short, which means that you may need to build a base for it.

Buy from Amazon Now ($72.03)

6. Extreme Max 5001.5044 1000 lbs. Motorcycle Scissors

This lift is made from heavy-duty steel, and it is capable of raising off the ground a maximum weight of 1,100 pounds. It can be extended to reach 14 inches in height, and you can also use it for center lifting, provided that you use a 7/8-inch socket. The latter is sold separately and does not come with your purchase.

You will appreciate the heavy-duty steel frame that makes this lift durable and reliable. Everything you use that is related to this particular activity, from motorcycle gloves to equipment such as this, must be made from materials that can stand wear and tear.

When you need to take care of regular maintenance, it is a good idea to have a reliable lift like this one to help you get under the bike for a close inspection.

The collapsed height of the lift is just 3-3/8 inches, which means that it takes up little room in the shed. You will surely find a place to store it away, and you will have it available, each time you need to inspect your vehicle.

With a lifting capacity of 1,100 lbs. this stand can be used for many types of motorcycles, as well as for other similar vehicles, thus offering multiple solutions.

The heavy-duty construction makes it a durable unit, so there’s not too much you should worry about when it comes to using it all the time.

Fully extended, this stand can reach 14 inches, which is a comfortable and versatile height, while when collapsed, this unit is compact and doesn’t take up too much space.

This is a fine piece of equipment that you can add to your garage, especially given that you will be able to use it for many types of jobs.

This unit is rather heavy, so handling it using only one hand is not that easy.

The rubber elements included might tear off after a while, but you can easily replace them if needed.

Buy from Amazon Now ($123.99)

7. OTC 1545 Motorcycle Lift

As a dedicated biker, you most probably spend a lot of time comparing various equipment and gear needed, such as motorcycle tracking devices and not only. When it comes to motorcycle lifts, there are different aspects you have to bear in mind. The OTC 1545 is one of the models that offer you what you need for lifting your bike safely.

The 1,500-pound lifting capacity is one of the biggest assets of this model, but not the only one. For instance, you can use it for lifting larger cruisers, due to the 17-inch skids it comes along with. The lowest level allowed is 3-1/2 inches, while the highest is 16-3/4 inches.

You will appreciate having free access to the lifted bike, by removing the handle on the lift. The automatic safety lock ensures that you will not have to worry about any accidents. There are also additional straps employed that allow you to put down the load with ease, and without any glitches.

You can use this sturdy lift for a wide range of motorcycle models, thanks to the versatile lifting capacity that stands at 1,500 lbs.

Furthermore, the 17-inch skids that it features allow you to lift cruisers, so if that’s particularly the type of motorcycle you have, then you have nothing to worry about.

The wide lifting range works for multiple motorcycle models, while an automatic safety lock is used to make sure that nothing goes wrong as you use this unit.

Given that ease of use is very important, you will also enjoy the fact that there are additional straps included to safely put down the load without any shocks.

You have to carefully handle the unit, given that it’s not a particularly lightweight one.

If you are not used to such types of lifting units, make sure that you don’t accidentally drop the vehicle as you lower it.

Buy from Amazon Now ($241.03)

8. Goplus Motorcycle ATV Hydraulic Scissor Lift Jack Stand

The solid and durable design of this option will deliver up to 1,500 pounds of lift capacity, and the high-grade steel construction boasts a black powder-coated finish that adds rust and corrosion protection. It is built to be easy to use so that even new users can lift their motorcycle and get it ready for repair, maintenance, or storage.

The height of the stand is fully adjustable, and it can lift bikes to 17 3/8” high, which will leave more than enough space for the user to work around it. What’s more, the unit comes with a safety lock that has multiple locking positions. The base is equipped with swivel casters that make the jack lift stand easier to move, position, and transport.

It also has a versatile design that allows it to be used not only with motorcycles but also on ATVs, snowmobiles, personal watercraft, and tractors.

The product is constructed out of heavy-duty steel, and it is powerful enough to lift very heavy motorcycles since it is rated to deliver up to 1,500 pounds of lifting power.

The base of the unit is fitted with swivel casters, which will make it easier for you to move the bike in your workshop or garage once you have lifted it.

There’s no need to worry about the durability of this option since the high-grade steel construction has a black powder coating that protects it from rust and corrosion.

The deck is very wide, and this allows this option to handle larger vehicles as well, such as ATVs, snowmobiles, and tractors.

The hydraulic portion of the lift doesn’t let the jack go all the way down, which means that on some bikes, the jack won’t leave enough space to slide under.

It is easy to use, but putting it together is quite difficult and takes a considerable amount of time.

Buy from Amazon Now ($159.99)

9. Vivohome Steel Motorcycle ATV Wide Deck Scissor Lift

If you need a heavy-duty scissor lift for motorcycle and ATV repairs, then your shop or your garage needs this VIVOHOME model. Because it is made from steel, you can count on it to be durable and help you achieve anything you put your mind to. It is nice that the manufacturer thought about making it even more durable.

Its red and black powder coating is there to make sure that the lift won’t be affected by oil stains, dust, and also to ensure easy cleaning and maintenance. You won’t be able to take your eyes off it, that nice-looking it is.

You will notice that the manufacturer thought about employing a rubber pad on the top surface. This feature makes sure that you won’t end up scratching your bike by accident. Also, an excellent grip ensures that no slippage will occur and no accidents.

You can rest assured that this model is a heavy-duty option due to its sturdy steel construction that guarantees that you will be able to use it for a long time.

The powder finish is useful for ensuring proper and easy cleanup, but also protects the steel lift from getting oil and grease stains.

Use this lift for any bike, ATV, UTV, or snowmobile you have in your garage, as its wide deck is a guarantee that it works for almost anything.

The maximum lift height for this model is 14.5 inches, while the maximum allowed limit is 1,100 pounds, something that cannot be taken lightly.

Make sure that you check the Allen screws to be adequately tightened, as, otherwise, your lift will appear wobbly and dangerous to use.

The handle doesn’t appear to be on par with the quality of the product, and you might want to get a replacement for it.

Buy from Amazon Now ($99.99)

10. Apextreme 1100 LB Motorcycle Lift Center Scissor Lift Jack

This option boasts a durable solid steel construction, and it is powerful enough to lift most bikes that weigh less than 1,100 pounds. It can work with most motorcycle models, including cruiser, adventure touring, street bikes, and more thanks to its wide platform that measures 14.6” x 9”. The lift range of this model is 3-3/4” to 17-3/6”.

The focus with this product is on center-lifting, and the platform is covered with rubber, which will maximize grip and prevent scratches or other damage to your bike during the lifting process. This eliminates the hassle of dealing with instability or unwanted slipping since the platform will keep your bike secure and in the right position at all times.

With this model, you’ll also enjoy excellent mobility, seeing as it comes equipped with four steel caster wheels that are strong enough to handle the weight of your motorcycle. They make it easier to transport the stand and the bike anywhere in your workshop or garage.

The unit is compact, which means that it won’t take a lot of space in your garage or workplace, and it comes fitted with four steel caster wheels that allow it to be moved around with ease.

The power jack is designed to fit most motorcycle models since it has a wide platform, and the heavy-duty construction allows it to handle a total weight of 1,100 pounds.

It is constructed from solid steel with a black powder-coated finish that delivers oil-, grease-, dirt-, and corrosion-resistance.

The wide platform is covered with a durable rubber pad that has stripped veins designed to prevent accidental slippage and scratching.

While the steel construction of the dolly wheels adds durability, it does pose a problem when using the unit on epoxy garage floors since the wheels can damage the surface.

At 42.4 pounds, this option is quite heavy, but that’s to be expected, considering it is made of heavy-duty steel.

Buy from Amazon Now ($93.32)

11. F2C 1500 LB Hydraulic Motorcycle/ATV Jack Lift

This jack lift is quite handy as it provides you with a mechanism that locks it in 3 different positions so that you can customize your workspace. It is essential to mention that the weight limit on this model is 1,500 pounds, something you don’t usually see in many other similar products available.

You can use this model to lift your motorcycle, ATV, tractor, snowmobile, or watercraft with ease and efficiency. Whether you want to use it for daily maintenance or occasional repairs, you will find this lift to be all that you need.

The necessary hardware for operating it, such as a handle and the adapter bars, is readily provided with your purchase. Another nice touch is that it comes with swivel casters, and you can move it around without a problem. This aspect also makes it a portable option for people who perform repairs at the track.

You can rest assured that this lift is a heavy-duty piece of equipment since it is capable of lifting 1,500 pounds off the ground.

In case you want to carry this lift around, whether you wish to take it to the track or a friend’s house, the swivel casters make it all possible.

The lift locks in 3 different positions, giving you the possibility to find the right position for the type of vehicle you need to repair.

Made from sturdy steel, it is a durable item for which you won’t need any replacement any time soon.

Make sure that you check the rubber pad on top for any signs of it becoming unglued, as that can be an issue; apply more glue generously to attach the pad correctly.

Some small adjustments to the lock bar might be required from time to time.

Check Price on Amazon Now!

12. LiftMaster 1100 LB Motorcycle Center Scissor Lift

This LiftMaster unit is just what any motorcycle owner needs in order to easily get a wide range of tasks done, given the wide stance and stability ensured. Moreover, this model is suitable for multiple types of uses, such as in your own garage, a specialized shop, or at the track.

If you’ve been looking for a reliable motorcycle jack, this one should not be missing from your list of preferences. Another reason for which you will most probably be very happy if you give it a try is the high-quality solid steel construction that renders it durable, even if you use it all the time.

Plus, there’s also a black and blue powder coated finish that protects it against damage. Of course, this doesn’t mean that if you use it every day it will still look as good as new, but you don’t need to worry that it might be easily damaged when you need to lift something.

The simple crank operation makes this a time-effective piece of equipment, while the universal design makes it suitable for pretty much any motorcycle model. Another aspect worth mentioning is the 10.6-inch wide deck that works great to ensure the unit’s stability.

This LiftMaster unit features a solid steel construction which means that you will be able to use it for a long time before you’ll need to buy a new one.

The sturdy materials used also render this a safe choice, especially since we’re talking about lifting heavy pieces of equipment that should not be accidentally dropped.

In terms of weight capacity, this unit can be used for pieces that are as heavy as 1100 lbs., which makes it suitable for multiple motorcycle models.

Thanks to the wide deck design, you can rest assured that the unit is very stable, which means that your job will be easier, but also that it ensures extra safety during various operations.

If you are still rather new to the whole process of lifting a motorcycle, you might need to carefully handle this unit.

Depending on your motorcycle model, the jack might move a bit while lifting, so make sure that everything is well balanced.

Buy from Amazon Now ($69.99)
This Year’s Buying Guide

Many people love the freedom that comes with riding a motorcycle, but you must be aware that such a vehicle requires maintenance, just like a car.

The good news is that you will not have to care for a bike’s maintenance as much as for a car, in the sense that small repairs can be made at home, without paying premium prices at a repair shop. For that, however, you need a lift or a jack, and here you will find about how to get the best motorcycle lift out there.

Types available

Before deciding what model you should buy, you need to be aware that there are a few types of jacks and lifts available. For instance, floor jacks are quite popular, due to their ease of use. A floor jack looks like a low unit on top of which you can place your vehicle. These models come with wheels, and they can be moved around as the need arises.

If you want the best motorcycle lift jack available, this may be the right design for you. You can maneuver it with ease, and it usually comes with a long handle that allows you to lift it as you see fit. However, if you want a more portable model, you may want to go for a scissor jack instead.

When you have to lift your vehicle off the ground, a hi-lift is the model you need. This can lift the entire weight of the motorcycle off the floor, lock the required height and allow you to go underneath and operate the necessary tasks. While there are such models used by emergency services, there are plenty of models for home use, as well.

The main advantage of this type is that it gives you freedom of movement while you handle the repairs. Usually, hi-lift jacks are compact, and they can be collapsed to a small height, letting you find a place for them in your shed without a headache.

You can also opt for a stand. This will not only allow you to lift the vehicle off the ground, but it will let you use it for storage, just as well. As always, bear in mind that you should pay attention to the specs, to see what maximum weight is accommodated. Also, when you repair your vehicle, use the necessary protective equipment, such as noise cancelling earbuds.

Maximum lifting weight and height

This is not something to take lightly. The best motorcycle lift table can prove an unfit solution if you exceed the recommended lifting weight. There are models on the market that can lift motorcycles and small cars just as fine, but not all are made for such tasks. Carefully read the spec description offered by the manufacturer to see what you can use the lift for.

Usually, the manufacturer will explain what vehicles can be lifted using their product. This will give you a clear idea of what you can utilize the lift for. Also, the maximum weight limit is calculated in pounds and tons; models with a maximum lifting weight of around 1,500 pounds are considered quite a good option for motorcycle owners.

Besides maximum weight allowed, jacks and lifts will also offer a certain maximum height. This will tell you how high you can lift your vehicle.

Maximum height is calculated in inches and can be a clear indication if the model you are looking at is a good option for you or not. Always look for a model that has a large height range so you can comfortably pick the right one for you.

It doesn’t hurt to go for an option with multiple lockable positions. This way, you will know that you will not risk dropping the vehicle by accident, as such models come with safety locking mechanisms in place.

You need to make sure that the lift or jack you purchase is durable. The frame should be made from heavy-duty steel tube, to ensure that you will not have a problem with it, even after lifting your motorcycle or any other vehicle that the lift can accommodate, multiple times. It serves to get a model that has the frame painted with a powder finish that prevents rust and corrosion.

If you want the best motorcycle stand and lift in the same package, you should aim for a model with good durability. The lift should protect the motorcycle tires and should not drop the vehicle on the floor when you release it. Some extra straps for this type of operation should be in place.

Even if durability is crucial, do not forget that you want your lift or stand not to take up a lot of space. The best idea is to go for a model that collapses to a reasonable height, and also has a compact size. Those with lockable casters are a good idea because they can be moved around with ease.

Another thing that must be mentioned here is that you should get a model with some anti-slippage features. Some have rubber feet, while others have a rubber mat on the bottom. This will ensure that your floor will not get damaged, but also that you won’t have to worry about accidents while operating the usual repairs.

Some people want a good motorcycle stand and do not care too much about other features. However, if you are looking to make a sound investment, you might want to consider the versatility of the device. Can it accommodate more than just motorcycles? Can it deal with ATVs, utility vehicles, or dirt bikes?

Also, do you want the device only for storage purposes, or do you want one that can lift your motorcycle for easy repairs? Ease of use comes into play, too. How do you operate the lifting mechanism? Do you use a lever or a foot pump? All these questions should be answered before you should proceed to purchase a lift or a jack.

Besides considering the durability, weight capacity, and all the other aspects mentioned above, you also need to pay attention to a few more features such as the carriage width of the lift you want to buy, its portability as well as the paint protection ensured.

Getting a high-quality lift might not be that cheap, one more reason to make sure that what gets added to your shopping cart will withstand the test of time and serve your needs nicely. For example, the carriage width of a lift counts a lot as far as its usefulness is concerned. This aspect refers to the distance between the edges of the unit.

Opting for a lift that has a bigger carriage width means getting more stability when using it. Such models might even be employed to elevate other heavy vehicles; therefore, you might want to consider buying a more expensive unit that can be used with various vehicles in case you have more than one and thus cover a wider variety of needs.

Don’t overlook the weight of the lift itself. If you intend to take it with you wherever you go, then a lightweight and portable model is recommended. However, make sure it is sturdy enough to keep up with extended use. Just like you need a durable platform, you need a lift that won’t collapse under your bike.

The market now offers various lightweight lifts that can be easily carried from one place to another should the need arise and that work decently. In case you want a lift for your garage repairs only, then you might be more flexible weight-wise. Heavier and larger lifts are not necessarily more durable as the sturdiness of a product is not ensured by its number of pounds.

After all, it all depends on the material used and the construction quality of a unit. You can even find such products that are designed with wheels for extra portability.

Consider a lift that comes with rubber pads to protect the bike paint. By using such a lift, you will be able to prevent damages that would call for extra money to be repaired. Many such products feature plastic or metal parts that might leave scratches if not handled carefully.

Always read a few reviews before buying a product, whether you want a hydraulic, mechanical, or scissor lift. Reviews will help you find out how a certain model helped other users and ease your decision-making process.

Using a lift makes it easier for you to repair your bike when needed. A quality lift should keep the motorcycle in place while you’re fixing it. A wobbly unit or a bike that is not secured in place can lead to all sorts of unwanted events that could jeopardize your health. The stability of your motorcycle will make it easier for you to repair it and boost your safety throughout the process.

This means that you should look for a quality lift that features a built-in security lock or clasp. Such parts are designed to prevent bikes from slipping and collapsing, which further translates into enhanced safety.

Thanks to this type of lock, you will be able to keep bikes tied in the position of interest and do so safely. Some bikers prefer to add a few straps to secure the bike in place even more, yet the thing with straps is that they still might slip.

Even if you use a lift just to change the oil, it should still keep the bike stable and the motorcycle should be secured on a steady platform. You might use the right tools to repair and handle your bike damages but if you don’t use a quality and safe lift jack to raise the motorcycle and keep it in a secured position, your entire repairing process might be compromised.

Ease of use

If you often find yourself in your garage checking the oil, polishing your bike, and fixing it when damages occur, then you should also consider the ease of use ensured by a certain motorcycle lift. It is not enough for such a product to offer a satisfying maximum weight capacity, keep the bikes in a safe position, and give you access to the bike’s wheels or various hard-to-reach parts.

A good lift should simplify the entire repair process and, therefore, should be easy to use. Some lifts feature a handle to help you raise the bike as you see fit. Some models even have removable handles. The lift should also be easy to install and remove. Hydraulic lifts with a foot pedal are highly appreciated as they are more comfortable to operate.

Not to mention that it should enable you to access the bikes comfortably; therefore, it is best if it offers a wide range of heights. Even if the lift can hold a great number of pounds, it might not help you much if the maximum height offered does not meet your particular needs.

Lifts vary as far as their features and price are concerned. While a Black Widow hydraulic lift might reach or exceed $500, common lifts that are usually designed for garage use are available for $70-$200.

The price depends on the lift type, the material used, the maximum weight and height capacity offered, whether the unit comes with a platform or a removable handle, and various other such features. Sometimes, you will need extra tools and accessories to handle the lift such as a motorcycle stand or a spanner wrench set.

If you don’t have these extra accessories, you will have to buy them, which adds to the final cost. There are lift bundles that include additional accessories so you can use them right away. Such packs are usually pricier but you might spend even more if you choose to buy those items separately.

Essential differences between hydraulic jack and a scissor jack

While you have seen above some crucial details on the main types of jacks, it is a good idea to take a closer look at the main differences between a hydraulic model and a scissor jack. There is an ongoing debate about which one is the best motorcycle jack type, and that is why you should have all the facts. With this information on your side, you will be able to make an informed decision.

If you choose a hydraulic jack lift, the first thing you should know is that this type is pretty expensive, and you are expected to shell out some serious cash. Unless you have a need for this kind of bike lift because you ride a heavy bike and you can’t do repairs on it, otherwise, you might not have to buy a hydraulic model.

On the other hand, a scissor jack is pretty budget-friendly, and most people opt for it. You might not get the best motorcycle lift available, but you can surely find a scissor lift that gets the job done without a glitch. There are also other considerations to bear in mind. For instance, you should know that a hydraulic bike lift is sturdy and reliable.

The scissor jack, however, has a compact design, and one of its main advantages is its superior portability. Make a choice about what’s more relevant to you accordingly. As you may well expect, a scissor jack is not that suitable for handling large, heavy bikes. For that type of ride, you need the sturdiness and excellent balance of a hydraulic jack lift. As a rule of thumb, the weight capacity of a hydraulic model is usually higher.

There are some safety issues that might interest you when it comes to choosing the best motorcycle lift for your needs. For instance, a scissor jack comes with its own self-locking mechanism. With a hydraulic model, you will need to use some straps to hold the bike in place. Still, bringing the bike at the desired lifting height for repairs is much more comfortable with a hydraulic system.

In the end, you should get the jack lift you feel that’s the most suitable for the type of bike you’re riding. Aspects such as weight capacity and lifting height matter, and they are usually better in a hydraulic model. Still, a scissor jack presents the advantage of being affordable and compact.

What you need to know about accessories

Most manufacturers won’t provide all the accessories you need for your jack lift, but that doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t get them from other sources. They can help you use this device much easier, and that’s why they are essential. For instance, you need a spanner wrench set. Some models might come with a wrench to make it easier to lift the bike. However, having an entire set is much more convenient.

Another accessory recommended by experts is a stand. You don’t have to acquire the best motorcycle stand in existence but get a decent one. It is great for storing your motorcycle when you don’t plan to use it. Just like jacks, this type of device has a weight capacity, so make sure that you get the one you truly need.

It’s not that great an idea to use your scissor lift to keep your bike in storage. It is better to have a stand, as that way, you won’t put pressure on the lifting mechanism. Also, you shouldn’t hold it at the maximum lifting height. In other words, your bike lift should just be used for its original purpose.

Is the jack stable and safe to use?

When you purchase a jack lift, regardless of whether it is a scissor lift or any other model, you must bear in mind safety as your number one priority. The best motorcycle jack is the one that offers you everything you need, from the maximum weight capacity required and the necessary lifting height for performing repairs to safety aspects.

Here, there are two essential aspects to bear in mind. First, it is not enough to look at the weight capacity of a jack lift. While the numbers might look great on paper, if the model doesn’t offer proper stability, it will be for nothing. A scissor jack, as you well know it, is compact and lightweight. But that comes at the price of not being able to handle its maximum weight capacity without securing it correctly on the floor of your garage.

The built-in locking mechanism should be superior, and that’s how you can tell the best motorcycle lifts from the rest. Also, the legs should have some kind of rubber padding, as it could slide on the floor otherwise. The use of straps is a good idea for a jack lift that doesn’t look like it could handle a heavy bike properly.

Pay attention to the stability of your jack lift. If you’re not sure about its performance, it is always a good idea to read expert opinions and customer reviews. It is good to pay attention to the lifting height, too. If you use a bike lift that doesn’t appear to be stable, it is better to use a standard lifting height so that you can avoid any mishaps.

But still, it would be much better to get a model with safety features in place. Remember that the best motorcycle jack is the one that was made with your safety in mind. A rubber mat on the platform and a wide deck could be more important even than the weight capacity of the model you intend to purchase. It must ensure that when you use the lifting height necessary for repairs, it won’t cause the motorcycle to slide from its surface.

If you’re unsure, get a model that is entirely made of steel. That’s another guarantee of stability you can get. A massive, sturdy model won’t pose the same problems as one that’s too lightweight and appears wobbly and unreliable.

I’ve always been a DIY-er, something that might have made me the main target for teasing in my group of friends on several occasions. Still, I’ve never regretted my passion for tinkering with every mechanical part I could get my hands on. Especially when it comes to making minor repairs on my bike, I’m the kind of guy who doesn’t hurry to dial the phone number of the number one repair service in the area.

One time, I was visiting a friend of mine, and he was bummed out that he needed to take his bike to the repair shop to have the brake pads replaced. My pride as a DIY-er was immediately tickled, so I asked him if I could take a look at his motorcycle. With a shrug, he agreed, although I could tell he only did that because he had no other better things to do.

He took me to the shed, and then I noticed that he had gotten himself a nice jack lift. Naturally, I asked him if he got the bug for repairing his bike by himself, but he told me he used it only for cleaning the underbelly of the motorcycle. In my opinion, that was a complete waste of a fine jack lift, but I kept my opinion to myself. I’ve been wanting to get a jack lift for my motorcycle shed for a while, and now I had the chance to see how one worked.

Even if I hadn’t operated a jack lift before, I had clear ideas about what to do as I had watched plenty of YouTube videos and read technical guides on this type of equipment. First of all, I noticed that my friend had put the jack lift on a patch of carpeted floor, and I asked him to help me move it on the concrete floor.

He asked me why, and I barely refrained from giving him a lecture on why safety had to be our number one priority, but I was hyped about using his nice-looking jack lift, so I let it slide. We then moved the lift to safe flat ground.

Getting the bike on the jack lift was reasonably easy, and I used some straps to secure it in place, as, fortunately, my friend had all the needed accessories there. It was a pleasure to see the jack rising with all that extra load just by using its lifting mechanism. While I like to repair things on my own, I appreciate having the right equipment for the job.

According to what he told me, the jack lift my friend had was a sturdy one, the kind with a maximum weight capacity of around 1000 pounds. I could tell it was well made by the durable frame and the non-slip surface of the platform.

The bike was secured in place, and I could get to work now. While I could change the brake pads while keeping the bike on the floor, it was much more convenient to perform this operation with the help of the jack lift.

In case you like to repair your bike by yourself, like me, you should get a jack lift because I ordered one right after I got back from my friend’s house, and now I’m using it all the time.

Frequently asked questions about motorcycle jacks, lifts, and stands

Q: What is a motorcycle lift?

In case you prefer to run your motorcycle maintenance at home, in your shed, you might need a motorcycle lift. This device looks like a table and comes with a lifting mechanism, which allows you to get under the motorcycle and operate the necessary repairs.

This will prevent any neck and back straining on your part, and lets you reach the more difficult parts of your vehicle with ease. Repair shops usually use such lifts, but the difference between the models they use and the ones you can buy for home is usually a higher lifting weight limit.

Q: How to lift the front wheel of a motorcycle?

There can be many situations when you need to operate small repairs on your vehicle. While on the road, it serves to have some tools in the motorcycle backpacks you carry around. However, some repairs may not be that easy to perform. For those, you need some extra help.

To lift the front wheel of a motorcycle, you will need a jack. This is usually an inexpensive solution, and you do not have to invest in a floor jack. A scissor jack can be an easy solution, and you can find such a model at an inexpensive price.

Q: Can I make my motorcycle lift?

If you operate small repairs on your motorcycle once in a while, you may find it difficult at times to reach certain areas under the vehicle. These are the situations requiring the purchase of a motorcycle lift. However, you might not have the money for such an expense, because you maybe just bought a pair of expensive motorcycle boots.

You can make your lift at home, using nothing but a piece of wood and some galvanized pipe. Using power tools, such as a drill and a saw, you can improvise your lift using these materials, without spending a hefty dime.

Q: What are motorcycle stands used for?

A motorcycle stand can come in handy in many situations. For instance, you can use stands to lift your motorcycle off the ground, so that no pressure is put on the wheels. That will ensure that the tires are in top notch condition all the time.

Also, you can use stands so you can quickly clean the tires. Other people just use stands so they can reach under the motorcycle for repair jobs. If that is the purpose you want to use stands for, remember to wear protective gear and not your usual motorcycle goggles.

Q: Are motorcycle stands universal?

If you want to lift your motorcycle using stands, you will want to know if just any model you will buy will work for the model of motorcycle you have at home. The truth is that single sided wing motorcycles can be accommodated by the same stands, so it can be said that they are fairly universal.

However, if you have a model with a wider wing, that could be a problem. Always check with the manufacturer of the stand to see what models they allow to be accommodated when using their product. They should be able to provide you with a list.

Q: How does a motorcycle jack work?

A motorcycle jack can be very useful when you need to lift your bike a little so you can reach a problematic area. The way such a device works is quite simple. You need to slide the jack under the bike and secure it in place.

After that, you should lift the jack by using the provided pump or lever. This will bring the motorcycle to the required height to allow you to reach the area you have trouble with. Remember to bring the bike down on the ground with care, so that you don’t end up with having more repairs to do.

Q: Can a motorcycle jack be fixed?

Usual problems that can occur with a motorcycle jack are usually related to the pump no longer working. You will have to check the model you have for any blown seals and see how the pump behaves.

Some motorcycle owners recommend pumping the pump multiple times until it starts working again. As with any hydraulic components, if there is a leak involved, you might not be able to repair it on your own. If you have an inexpensive model, try getting another, more durable, this time.

Types of motorcycle floor jacks

One of the most inexpensive devices for lifting your motorcycle off the ground for easy maintenance and small repairs is a floor jack. This usually takes up very little room, and it comes in handy for a broad range of situations. You can choose between two types of floor jacks.

Scissor jacks

These are the most common type available, and they are often used by motorcycle owners. You will not spend a lot of money on such a device, and you will also find it easy to use. The scissor jack comes with two diagonal metals attached with hinges. The two parts are connected with the help of a screw.

You will notice that the shape of the two parts looks like a pair of scissors, hence the name. Use a spanner to turn the screw and notice how the two parts come together, lifting your motorcycle. To lower the motorcycle to the ground, you will have to turn the screw to the other direction. You can safely use such a jack for lifting ATVs, too.

Floor jacks

This type is called a hydraulic jack, due to the mechanism that helps you lift your motorcycle off the ground. The device is operated by a hydraulic pump, and it is a step up from your usual scissor jack. Do not be surprised to see that these jacks are more expensive. Truth be told, they can make your job a lot easier.

The hydraulic pump operates a small piston. While you may feel like you are not doing much, the mechanism begins lifting the motorcycle. Such a model can handle large motorcycles, and some can lift up to 2,000 pounds. Professionals opt for floor jacks, and even for home use, you will want a potent device like this. Along with motorcycle locks, such devices are almost indispensable.

Unavailable products

Strongway 1500-Lb. Hydraulic Motorcycle Lift

[amzonimages asin="B00UAOLA7I"]

If you need a low profile lift for your motorcycle, this model may be exactly what you are looking for. The good news is that you can use it for operating regular maintenance on your motorcycle, as well as your ATV or utility vehicle. Making the device lift the load is easy, as there is a foot pump employed.

The model comes with five lockable heights, and you can quickly pick the one you need for the repairs you need to carry on. You can also use this jack as a support stand, which may make your shed look a bit more organized. Many of the reviews of motorcycle jacks available online mention this aspect as an excellent plus.

The jack can lift 1,500 pounds and, as shown earlier, it has various applications. The high-grade steel used for the frame makes it an excellent and reliable choice, while the lead-free paint will prevent rust in the long run.

This versatile Strongway model can be used for multiple types of vehicles, not just for motorcycles, such as ATVs or utility ones.

The unit also includes a foot-operated pump that makes the job a lot easier and also allows you to use both of your hands to balance the vehicle.

Thanks to the five lockable heights, you won’t have any trouble finding the one that you need for a particular type of job.

Another aspect that makes this stand a very good addition to your shed is the fact that it can be used as a support stand as well.

You should make sure that the unit fits your vehicle, as in some cases, it can be a bit tall for some bikes.

The strap points are located on the base, so you will need to lift the vehicle a bit before you can secure it.

Yitamotor Motorcycle Wide Deck Scissor Lift

[amzonimages asin="B078Y43GNQ"]

This lift can handle weights up to 1,100 pounds, so it is a pretty solid choice for most motorcycles and not only. The lifting range goes from 3-3/4 inches to 14 inches, which means that you can adjust it to the desired position with great ease. Another useful aspect is that it holds in the position you chose for it without a glitch.

Supplied with your purchase, you will also find a 3/4-inch T-handle. On the top surface, you will notice that the manufacturer put a rubber pad properly striped for ensuring excellent grip; at the same time, the pad makes sure that your bike won’t get scratched in the process.

Its powder coating ensures that no dust will become a problem and makes cleaning it a breeze. A damp cloth and a bit of liquid soap will usually do the trick. This finish is also resistant to oil and grease stains, which can be the norm in a garage.

You can rest assured that this lift will serve you for a long time, as it has a heavy-duty steel construction that can take a lot of wear and tear.

Since it can lift 1,100 pounds, it is capable of dealing with the heaviest bikes out there, so it’s great as a tool in a repair shop, too.

The removable sleeve is a nice touch, as you only need to rotate it to have the lift moving up and down.

For street bikes, dirt bikes, and other vehicles, you will find it ideal.

While the lift can handle weights up to 1,100 pounds, the key provided with it cannot do the same, and using a socket drive is much more recommended.

Also, if you plan on using it for ATVs and snowmobiles, you might find the deck to be not as wide as you might have wanted it for extra stability.

If you liked reading this article, maybe you'd like to find out more about:

1) How To Use Motorcycle Stands

2) How does Motorcycle Lift work?

4) How to Lift a Motorcycle with a Floor Jack

A passionate admirer of all-leather Harley merchandise, Irina can help readers better understand the world of motorcycles. From the latest fashion trends to trip ideas for your next bike vacay, you will find everything you need to know about your two-wheel passion on this website.

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David Wilson
David Wilson
1 year ago

What’s the cheapest motorcycle jack that is actually good enough to use long-term? I’m a little tight on money right now since I’m putting a lot into my bike. 1100 lb capacity should be enough. Thanks

NHProEquip Jacks
NHProEquip Jacks
1 year ago

We wanted to mention the PRO 1000 motorcycle jack – 1000lb capacity

Bob Boothroyd
Bob Boothroyd
1 year ago

i own a 2016 indian scout 60. There are no frame rails under the bike to lift the bike from. i believe you would have to modify a jack to lift from the bottom of the motor. do you have any recomondations on which jack would be good to use and what to use to sit on top of the jack to prevent damage to the motor. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks

1 year ago

Your blog is very helpful for me. I enjoy the valuable data you deliver to your posts. There are so many things I did not know, I have to have some of these gadgets! Thanks for sharing this post.

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Reputation Management

How to Deal with Fake Negative Reviews on Google

By August 13, 2020No Comments

Phony reviews are a growing issue for those of us that own small companies. In the online world, it’s very easy to produce a new account and leave either a positive or unfavorable evaluation for any organisation– regardless of whether you’ve ever attempted to hire them.

Google has lots of policies for users that leave reviews. In my experience they’re horrible at instantly catching violations of these policies. At my company, my group spends time every month carefully keeping an eye on reviews for our clients and their rivals. The bright side is that if you’re diligent at tracking them and can make a sufficient case for why the evaluations protest the standards, you can get them eliminated by calling Google on Twitter, Facebook, or reporting by means of the forum.
2 of the 3 reviews were ratings without reviews. These are the hardest to get rid of since Google will typically tell you that they don’t violate the standards– since there’s no text on them.

The challenge with unfavorable reviews on Google
The difficulty is that Google doesn’t understand who your consumers are, and they won’t accept “this wasn’t a consumer” as an acceptable factor to get rid of an evaluation, considering that they permit people to use confidential usernames. It’s exceptionally tough to prove the identity of somebody online.

The other difficulty is that a person does not have to be a customer to be eligible to leave a review. They need to have a “consumer experience,” which could be anything from attempting to call you and getting your voicemail to visiting your workplace and simply browsing around.

How to respond
When you strive to build a great, ethical business, it’s always exasperating when a random person has the power to damage what took you years to construct. I ‘d be lying if I stated I wasn’t the least bit upset when these reviews can be found in. The good news is, I had the ability to follow the recommendations I have actually given lots of people in the last years, which is to calm down and consider what your future potential customers will see when they come across review and the way you respond to it.

Service: Share your predicament
I chose to post on Twitter and Facebook about my charming 3 unfavorable reviews, and the action I got was frustrating. People had actually terrific and entertaining things to say about my predicament.

Whoever lagged these three evaluations was seeking to harm my service. The paradox is that they actually assisted me, because I ended up getting 3 brand-new favorable evaluations as a result of sharing my experience with people that I understood would rally behind me.
It’s important to keep in mind that I never ever asked anybody to evaluate me when publishing this– it was merely the natural action from individuals that were a fan of my business and what we stand for. If you’re an excellent business, you’ll have these types of customers and they should be the people you want to share this experience with!

But what about getting the negative reviews gotten rid of?
In this case, I was able to get the 3 reviews gotten rid of. There have likewise been a number of cases where I have actually seen Google refuse to eliminate them for others. My plan B was to publish an action to the evaluations offering these “consumers” a 100% refund.

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Home Inspiration Podcast Interview: Dr. Paul E Calarco, Jr.

Podcast Interview: Dr. Paul E Calarco, Jr.

Dr. Paul E Calarco, Jr. is at heart a seeker of truth, truthfully a seeker of knowledge.  He feels that this lifetime is the opportunity to pursue passion and love.  He said: “I have found both and it is my responsibility to share the journey”.  Paul is an avid reader of the masters and practicing Yogi.  Paul’s other passion is music; he views music as the auditory synonym of the written word as they are both channels of, and ways to express emotion.  You may also see him enjoying the sunrise or sunsets near a body of water communing with nature.  One of the challenges of the modern man he notes is “finding the balance during the day, finding peace and calm post the interacting with the busy, bustling energy traversing the concrete jungle”.  Paul is a PhD sociologist with a specialization in gender, he has dedicated the majority of his academic career to addressing inequality and through his true passion lecturing undergraduates, attempting to elicit social change through expanding their minds, unblocking their creativity and imagination, and making them sharper, more mindful citizens.

Dr. Paul E Calarco, Jr.
  • Professor of Sociology
  • PhD sociology MA Womens Studies State university of New York at Albany
  • Professional Disc Jockey
  • Amateur Pool / Billiards player

Dr. Paul’s Book is titled “Spirals of Love: A journey into the abyss of the heartspace.”

Have you ever been in love? Have you ever been loved?  Paul E Calarco’s first collection of poetry will bring you to a place of higher vibration where you can feel color, and taste the kiss at the edge of this lover’s words.  Considered by some as the divine masculine counterpart to the bestselling Rupi Kaur.  Several lifetimes of love are encompassed in eighty extensive entries.  This collection is a raw, deep and vulnerable sharing of his appreciation of another being’s existence.  The poetry book like the love expressed in its contents is real, honest and never lets you down.  It is love at first word, sending you to spiral down the rabbit hole of love’s abyss and then puts you to sleep with a thousand kisses.  We hope this is not the end of his writing, even if it were, we would be satisfied because we have this to behold.

Follow Dr. Paul on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/paul.calarco

Art: Rachid Kallamni
Photo: Jeffrey A. Guntert

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