text:
Sign up: To get District Line Daily—or any of our other email newsletters—sent straight to your mailbox, click here.

Federal investigators identified “connections and communications” between D.C. government officials and representatives of D.C. Chartered Health Plan, the company formerly owned by Jeff Thompson, who is at the center of the investigation into Vince Gray‘s 2010 mayoral campaign.

  • Gray supports legislation that would seal the records for people possessing an ounce or less of pot. [WAMU]
  • The mayor’s office is looking into a D.C. Parks and Recreation trip to a conference in Houston that cost taxpayers $54,000 during the government shutdown. [News4]
  • Preparations for the $60 million restoration of the U.S. Capitol dome got underway this week. [Post]
  • If D.C. is to keep up with population trends, the city needs to build residential units four times faster than it has been building them. [Housing Complex]

Encyclopedia D.C.: It was good, it was bad, it was definitely boozy: Pick up our latest issue to flip through our annual Encyclopedia of D.C. and relive the year that was.

Say What? A former political reporter in D.C. flees the city for Kentucky and slams the District.

Christmas Traditions: DGS Delicatessen is hosting a Christmas Eve feast that combines Jewish deli and Chinese staples.

LOOSE LIPS, by Will Sommer (tips? wsommer@washingtoncitypaper.com)

  • Ron Machen says he’s found “connections” between Jeff Thompson agents and D.C. officials. [LLPost]
  • Post ed board doesn’t want the attorney general election in 2014. [Post]
  • The Office of Tax and Revenue couldn’t control its own computer system. [LL]
  • How minimum wage supporters won big, despite losing on Walmart. [Housing Complex]
  • D.C. needs way, way more housing. [Housing Complex]
  • Council takes up sealing criminal records for marijuana possession. [WAMU]
  • Gallaudet snubs Union Market developer on project. [Post]
  • Howard U finally catches a break. [WBJ]

HOUSING COMPLEX, by Aaron Wiener. (tips? awiener@washingtoncitypaper.com)

  • Watch D.C.’s share of the region’s population collapse over the decades. [R.U. Seriousing Me?]
  • Gallaudet snubs Union Market developer for campus-adjacent project. [Post]
  • Housing has been getting more expensive relative to income for 200 years. [Slate]
  • D.C. is the fifth-best city in America. Period. [Movoto]
  • JBG drops $17 million on a site by Nationals Park. [Bisnow]
  • A refutation of Richard Florida‘s “creative class” theory. [TNR]
  • This is what the Capitol will soon look like. [DCist]
  • Neighbors want to preserve green space as Brookland Metro area gets developed. [GGW]
  • Today on the market: Adams Morgan rowhouse—$899,000

ARTS LINKS, by Jonathan L. Fischer (tips? jfischer@washingtoncitypaper.com)

  • “Green Wheat Fields, Auvers,” one of Vincent Van Gogh‘s final paintings, will go on display at the National Gallery of Art—its first public viewing since 1966. [Post]
  • ICYMI: D.C. Cab is a terrible movie, but it’s our terrible movie. [Arts Desk]
  • D.C. Cab‘s shoot locations, then and now. [DCist]
  • What the dome of the U.S. Capitol will look like when it’s covered in scaffolding for two years [Post]
  • A very abbreviated history of the recently shuttered MOCA DC [Daily Campello]

FOOD LINKS, by Jessica Sidman (tips? jsidman@washingtoncitypaper.com)

  • Food writers dish on the best and worst of 2013. [BYT]
  • Where to find mussel deals [Eater]
  • Where to celebrate New Years Eve with something new [Post]
  • Vote on the can design for the DC Brau and United collaboration beer. [DC Beer]
  • Six ways to ring in the New Year [Zagat]
  • A year of kitchen swaps in northern Virginia [NoVa Mag]
  • Bar Louie opens in Crystal City next week. [ARLnow]
  • Bombay Club celebrates 25th anniversary with $25 lunch deal in January. [PoPville]


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/html

WARC-Type: response

text:
Capitol Lounge served about 140 free draft beers to federal furloughed workers Tuesday. At 3 p.m. Wednesday—-an hour after the Capitol Hill bar opened for the day—-five out of seven of its customers were federal workers in shorts and T-shirts sipping on free beers.

“How are you?” bartender Farrell Parker asked a woman as she walked in.

“Furloughed,” she replied.

“Yay, congrats,” Parker said.

“I’m always trying to cheer people up,” she later told me.

While the people were friendly, the atmosphere at Capitol Lounge wasn’t quite. Everything about the old-school, wood-paneled bar screamed lonely, fuck-it-all day-drinking, down to the TVs blaring The Price Is Right, a soccer game, and Ellen.

Drew Carey looks too thin,” a furloughed Department of Labor worker told me as he sipped his Oktoberfest beer and watched The Price Is Right. “I liked it more with Bob Barker.”

Tom Sampson, who works for the Department of Defense, was intently watching the soccer game. He lives in Maryland and traveled into D.C. for the day because, he said, there wasn’t much going on at home and he was “hungry and thirsty.”

The Department of Labor employee and three colleagues were going furlough-hopping today—-jumping around to all the bars and restaurants offering deals to federal workers. Their next stop: trying to grab one of the free sandwiches from a José Andrés restaurant.

“I’m not in too much pain,” Alec Ploch, a staff assistant at the Labor Department, told me. “I slept in today.”

And not all is bad for Capital Lounge either. Parker, the bartender, said every furloughed worker who has come in so far has bought at least one more beer.

Graphic by Jandos Rothstein

warcinfo:
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04
publisher: Common Crawl
description: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021
operator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)
hostname: ip-10-67-67-226.ec2.internal
software: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)
robots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)
format: WARC File Format 1.1
conformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/


text:
Men of Washington who want to glisten, here’s some good news. With the opening of W Men, D.C. is getting a dermatologist that’s just for guys.

Washingtonian bills K Street’s W Men as “the world’s first clinical practice dedicated to men’s dermatology and advanced cosmetic treatments.” But will this dermatologist be like all the old-fashioned girly ones, in that it employs women? Aww, hell no.

Emphasis added:

“In some ways, when men come in, they’re happy with the services, but it’s like walking into the gauntlet. All of our doctors and nurses are female. Men just know this is more of a female atmosphere.”

The staff at W Men will be an all-male three-person team. Services will include Botox injections, laser-assisted hair removal and NeoGraft hair transplantation, laser therapy, tattoo removals, and body sculpting to remove fat—all services that Alster says are popular among her male patients. Also available: laser treatment to get rid of sweat glands in the armpit.

Natch. As Dr. Tina Alster, founder of the Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, tells Washingtonian: “Men will have a place to call their own.”

Skin care photo by Shutterstock.


text:
Winter Sale Promotion 80% Off

Oakley Eyewear

Shop discount Oakley sunglasses at Watch Warehouse for incredible deals on authentic Oakley eyewear. A brand that needs no introduction, Oakley glasses are depended on by world-class athletes all over the world. The company is famous for its exceptional quality and innovative designs, boasting more than 850 patents. Save on a wide range of men’s high-end sunglasses and women’s luxury sunglasses today!

Oakley Eyewear: Athletic and Casual Styles

Whether you’re gearing up for the season or simply looking for your new everyday shades, we have a pair of Oakleys for you. From flashy, high-performance lenses and frames to subtle, understated looks, you’re sure to find a pair of discount Oakley sunglasses that match your personal style as well as your budget. We’re committed to providing 100% authentic, top-quality eyewear without the inflated prices that are so common at other retailers.

Fast and Free Shipping

To further reduce your overall cost, we provide free U.S. shipping and 2-4 day international shipping. All of our products are in-stock and ready-to-ship overnight. Shop with assurance, knowing that our glasses are backed by our generous 30-day return policy and independent two-year warranty. Customer satisfaction is always our highest priority!

Find Your New Favorite Sunglasses

Everyone should own at least one perfect pair of sunglasses. In addition to classic Oakley eyewear styles, we also offer a wide range of men’s luxury prescription glasses and women’s luxury prescription eyeglasses. If you have questions about our discount Oakley sunglasses, please contact us or check our FAQ section. A pair of Oakleys should last for years or even decades -- invest in a quality pair of sunglasses, and find an incredible bargain at Watch Warehouse today.


text:
Kindergarten Catchment Project – Ghana

Hillside - GhanaOur involvement in this project is part of a larger endeavor to build a Kindergarten/Nursery School in KwakuSae, a community of farmers in the West Akim District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. The project is coordinated by Peace Corps Volunteer W. Ruge.

The planned school project will be of concrete and block, with three open classrooms for the students and staff. In addition, there will be an office and a closable storeroom for supplies.

Our project funds will be used to put raingutters around the building. The water collected from the roof will be directed into a large 3,000 liter plastic tank that is on the site, but is presently unused.

The community will provide labor, sand, gravel and transportation of materials for the project.

This community has exhibited a strong desire to improve the educational facilities that they offer their children and those from surrounding communities.

The Ghana Ministry of Education has reconized the value of this project and indicated its continued support for this level of education in KwakuSae.

For several years, the Kindergarten/Nursery school has operated from meager facilities of mud and sheet metal. With improved facilities, the community leaders will be able to provide for quality education for their own children, and also attract children from surrounding communities.

This project will have direct impact on approximately 600 people.

Road - Ghana

With great community and school participation, this project will succeed in creating an environment conducive to early childhood education. By joining a larger effort, our contribution, which will lead to a water supply for the children, will have a much greater impact than it could have had as an individual project.

To read a progress report on this project CLICK HERE.

The participation of Water Charity in this project has now been funded, through the generosity of The Soneva SLOW LIFE Trust as a part of their Clean Water Projects initiative.

Any donations using the Donate button below will go toward additional water and sanitation projects in Ghana.

This project has been completed. To read about the conclusion of this project, CLICK HERE.


text:
With a high priority placed on water damage to property to minimize devastation, we regularly work with insurance companies particularly in situations where an immediate response is needed. We are staffed with Qualified Technicians who are fully insured and licensed to provide excellent water damage services. We will assess the damage and make recommendations for carpet cleaning and repair along with mold remediation, mold removal and stain removal to flooring, carpet cleaning, walls and furnishings. We can do the necessary work to repair, clean or replace anything that is damaged and will ensure satisfaction for the insurance company as well as the owner.

We are approved contractors for insurance companies

CALL US ON 0417 305050


text:
Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs
Facebook Twitter YouTube SoundCloud Instagram Tumblr Email list

Prodi to be UN's Special Envoy for the Sahel

October 10, 2012

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has named Romano Prodi, professor at large at the Institute, to be his Special Envoy for the Sahel region.

Prodi, who served two terms as Italy's Prime Minister as well as six years as President of the European Commission, will coordinate a wide range of UN efforts in the Sahel, which stretches across northern Africa from Senegal to Eritrea. His first challenge will be resolving the escalating unrest in Mali, which has been riven by internal conflict since last spring.


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

text:
Heritage Community Foundation Presents
Alberta Online Encyclopedia

An Edmonton Real Estate Board display.

Real estate organizations play an important role in the real estate industry, which prides itself on being self-regulating as well as complying with federal, provincial and civic legislation. Real estate boards (sometimes called REALTOR® Associations) are professional associations, which manage the Mulitple Listing Service® (MLS®), provide services and education to the members and create and enforce business rules to promote equity, fairness and cooperation amongst members. They also advise governments on legislative decisions that concern their industry, at the municipal, provincial and federal levels. In addition, many real estate organizations are involved in charitable initiatives that promote goodwill between real estate professionals and the public. The following articles deal with the REALTORS® Association of Edmonton, the Calgary Real Estate Board, the Alberta Real Estate Association, the Alberta Real Estate Foundation, the Real Estate Council of Alberta, and the Canadian Real Estate Association. Content for the REALTORS® Association of Edmonton section is taken from John Gilpin's Responsible Enterprise.

Albertasource.ca | Contact Us | Partnerships
            For more on the real estate industry in Alberta, visit Peel’s Prairie Provinces.

Copyright © Heritage Community Foundation All Rights Reserved


text:
The Rapids Camps, open for kids aged 7-13, will run from 9am to 3pm. The kids will be under the guidance of our well-qualified coaching team and all participants will receive a camps t-shirt. The camp will include fun games, emphasis on batting, bowling and fielding, interaction with Rapids players based on their availability and a certificate for the best participant each day.  Tracksuits and whites can be worn to the camp and while all equipment will be provided, children are allowed to bring their own.

Tuesday 3rd – Friday 6th April
Easter Holidays
Redhill School, Worcester. Countywide Camp (9am-3pm)
£80pw or £25 a Day.

Monday 9th – Friday 13th April
Easter Holidays
Worcestershire County Cricket Club (9am-3pm)
£100pw or £25 a Day.

Tuesday 29th May – Friday 1st June
May Half Term
Worcestershire County Cricket Club (9am-3pm)
£80pw or £25 a Day.

  • DBS Checked Coaches
  • First Aid Qualified
  • All Equipment Provided
  • Age Range 7-13 years
  • Early Drop Off & Late Pick Up Available
  • Signed Bats/Shirt/Junior Membership to be won

To book any of the above Camps please click here.

Additionally they will be running a further 8 camps up until September, click here to view all dates.


text:
Disney’s Animal Kingdom 20th Anniversary Has New ‘I Was There’ Merchandise Line

We’ve been keeping you updated on everything the 20th Anniversary of Disney’s Animal Kingdom has to offer, and if you get to attend the big celebration, you’ll have access to an exclusive “I Was There” merchandise collection.

This new collection will debut on April 22nd, this collection was created with everything Disney’s Animal Kingdom has to offer, such as silhouettes of animals, attractions and park icons, with a special passport stamp graphic created especially for the line. A limited release pin will also be available that includes the anniversary logo and features Mickey Mouse and all his friends dressed to impress in their safari attire.

'I Was There' Merchandise for the 20th Anniversary of Disney's Animal Kingdom

And don’t worry if you’re an Annual Passholder! There’s two exclusive shirts just for you. The “Party for the Planet” shirt includes the event logo, and a tank top gives attention to the 20th Anniversary. Make sure you have a valid Annual Pass to present at the time of purchase.

Annual Passholder 'I Was There' Merchandise for the 20th Anniversary of Disney's Animal Kingdom

But that’s not all! In addition to the new “I was There” collection, there’s more merchandise being offered to celebrate the momentous occasion.

Inspired by the moss-covered wall from Pandora – The World of Avatar, an interactive banshee will be available at Windtraders. It’s a limited released and will be packaged with a display perch a Certificate of Authenticity. Similar to all the other banshees available for purchase, this one has authentic sounds and includes three ranges of motion – mouth, head, and wings – that are controlled by hand.

New Interactive Banshee for the 20th Anniversary of Disney's Animal Kingdom

And of course, there has to be Dooney & Bourke! Handbags with animal-print will be available, as well as bracelets by ALEX AND ANI. A 20th Anniversary baseball hat will be presented in a decorative box.

Dooney & Bourke Animal-Print Handbags, ALEX AND ANI Bracelets and Commemorative 20th Anniversary Baseball Hat

Walt Disney Imagineer, Joe Rohde, will also be there! If you’ve ever wanted to meet him, now’s your chance. He’ll be at Discovery Trading Company on April 22 from 1-4 p.m. to sign a special-edition print that he created for the anniversary.

Discovery Trading Company will be the best location to find select limited released products on April 22. The interactive banshee will be at Windtraders at Pandora – The World of Avatar. And you can always rely on the Shop Disney Parks app for the Dooney & Bourke handbags. All items will only be available while supplies last, so if you have your eye on something, be sure to attend the 20th Anniversary of Disney’s Animal Kingdom.

Do you plan on going to Disney’s Animal Kingdom’s 20th Anniversary celebration? April 22, 2018 marks two decades since the opening of Disney’s Animal Kingdom® Park, and WDWCelebrations is celebrating at the Walt Disney World® Resort! WDWCelebrations events bring together Disney fans to celebrate park milestones while enjoying each other’s company during group meals, group rides, and a fun interactive game. Registration for the event is now open at WDWCelebrations.com and a tentative schedule is posted as well. But hurry, registration closes this Thursday, April 19!

If you want to read about more being offered during the 20th anniversary, check out these articles!

For more information on booking your next trip with our official travel agent sponsor, the Vacationeer, visit wdwnt.travel.


text:
Warfare in the Spanish Reconquista Era I

During the age of the crusades the organization and operations of Christian armies engaged in the reconquest developed significantly. Not only was the formation of armies improved, but there were frequent opportunities to consider strategic issues of defense and offense, including the relative wisdom of undertaking raids, sieges, or pitched battles. Whereas the focus of this chapter is on peninsular warfare, many will observe that its methods and operations were often typical of medieval warfare in general. Any attempt to distinguish between reconquest and crusade in this regard is meaningless. Whether an expedition had the formal character of a crusade or not, the military organization, strategy and tactics were the same. The ultimate military objective was the reconquest of lands once held by Christians and occupied, unjustly it was believed, by the Muslims, who, in the end, would be expelled from Spain.

Strategic planning to achieve that goal was usually determined by the king and his council. In the Curia of León in 1188 Alfonso IX voiced a principle reflecting ongoing practice: “I promised that I would not make war or peace or treaty without the counsel of the bishops, nobles, and good men by whose counsel I ought to rule.” Strategic discussions surely took place during the Council of León in 1135, when Alfonso VII ordered his frontiersmen “to wage war assiduously against the Saracen infidels every year.” Alfonso VIII, in consultation with his court, developed the plan for the Crusade of Las Navas, and Fernando III, prior to embarking on his initial campaign, took counsel with his mother, his nobles, the Military Orders, and others. Jaime I, who recorded numerous instances when he took counsel, planned the Crusades of Mallorca and Valencia after consulting military experts.

The first line of defense was castles and towns strategically situated along the frontier to provide maximum protection and to delay, if not to prevent, enemy penetration into the heart of the realm. About 1,500 to 2,000 castles in various states of repair still exist. Most were erected on promontories enabling the garrison to see for miles in every direction and to prepare for an approaching enemy. At times a moat was dug as a further protection. Many castles originated as a simple tower around which towns gradually developed. The walls of Ávila, still intact, were likely typical of most frontier towns. Maintenance of the walls was a continuing responsibility. The alcaide (Ar., al-qāʾid) or castellan, who rendered homage to the king, assumed the obligation “to make peace and war” at the king’s command and received a certain sum to provide castle guard, as well as sufficient food, water, and arms. Castles had to be given up to the king on demand, but could not be surrendered to the enemy without his consent.

The Formation of Armies

As there was no standing army, all military operations were essentially ad hoc, usually planned in the winter or early spring to be executed in the late spring, summer, and early fall. If the prince alerted his people by letter, messenger, or lighted fires, according to the Usatges of Barcelona, all men of appropriate age and capacity had to go his aid. A time (about three to four weeks) and a place was usually fixed when the army would assemble with suitable equipment and supplies. The principal ecclesiastical and secular lords were likely summoned individually and in writing. Royal messengers also publicly proclaimed the summons. Everyone summoned had to appear or give a suitable excuse. Failure to respond could result in fines, confiscation, and excommunication. Nobles usually had to serve for three months, in return for a monetary stipend, or tenancy. Towns had a similar obligation. After the expiration of that term troops might be persuaded to remain if their expenses were paid or they were assured of substantial booty. The Muslims of Córdoba, for example, were about to surrender in 1236, but on learning that the Christians were short of food and that the Leonese militias did not wish to remain beyond their three months, they opted to hold out longer.

The Latin sources usually employed the word exercitus for an army, but fonsado and hueste were also used to refer to any military expedition. As a medieval king was expected to lead troops in battle, princes of the royal family were trained to the military life from an early age. Besides his brothers and sons, the king was accompanied by his mesnada, an elite corps of knights acting as his bodyguard. Reilly estimated that about fifty mounted warriors, each supported by a squire and a groom, or about 150 men, attended Alfonso VII. Thirty-five caualleros de mesnada of Fernando III and thirty-three of Alfonso X received land in Seville after its conquest. Jaime I remarked at one point that he was escorted by fifty knights of his maynada.

Prelates and other clerics were often an integral part of the army. While the primary role of the nearly fifty bishops was to provide spiritual sustenance, they were also expected to provide a certain number of troops. Some, such as Jerome, bishop of Valencia, whom the Poem of the Cid depicted as equally adept at liturgical celebration and the use of a lance, may be described as warrior bishops. Both Martín of Pisuerga and Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, archbishops of Toledo, led armies against the Muslims. Gregory IX acknowledged that Rodrigo raised 1,000 men-at-arms and 400 jinetes or light cavalry, and fortified thirty-five castles at his own expense. Bishops Gutierre of Córdoba and Sancho of Coria participated in the siege of Seville “with their company of horse and foot.”

Other clerics and monks promised undetermined numbers of knights, sergeants, and food supplies. The clerical contribution of 269 knights and 2,500 sergeants (servientes, sirvens)—2,769 men in all—was quite substantial. The proportion of sergeants to knights appears to be ten to one, or in the case of the archdeacon of Barcelona twenty to one.

During the Crusade of Lisbon Bishop Pedro of Porto and Archbishop João of Braga played prominent roles as preachers and negotiators. Sancho I subsequently exempted the Portuguese clergy from military service except when the Muslims “invade our kingdom.” Although Bishops Sueiro of Lisbon and Sueiro of Évora took an active role in the Crusade of Alcácer, evidence concerning later participation by Portuguese prelates in the reconquest is minimal. The bishop of Porto, who held the city in lordship, strongly objected when Sancho II demanded military service from the clergy and laity of the city; Gregory IX twice ordered the king to desist.

As royal vassals receiving estates in full ownership from the king or else as benefices, the magnates (ricos hombres, barones) were a major component of the army. From the eleventh century onward as the flow of tribute from the petty Muslim kings increased, kings were able to pay their vassals a cash stipend (stipendium, soldadas). Many a noble enriched himself by plunder and was rewarded for faithful service to the king by the concession of additional estates. As feudalism was more fully developed in Catalonia, nobles retained their fiefs and castles so long as they remained loyal and fulfilled their feudal obligations.

The nobility gradually developed an awareness of their distinctive character formed by the common bond of knighthood or chivalry. Young nobles were trained to war from childhood under the direction of a master soldier and served their elders as squires. A young man who distinguished himself on the battlefield might be knighted at once, though it became customary for an aspirant to undertake the vigil of arms and to receive the accolade the next day from an older knight or from the king. Kings such as Afonso I, who, at fourteen, took his arms from the altar on Pentecost Sunday, knighted themselves. Knights were expected to be courageous, experienced in military matters, endowed with good judgment and a sense of loyalty, and capable of evaluating horses and arms. The number of magnates probably was no more than a dozen or two at any given time. Each one was usually accompanied by his own retinue of vassals, responding to a similar obligation to serve. González suggested that the minimum number of knights in the mesnada of a Castilian magnate was 100, but some were able to maintain 200 or 300. At least fifteen magnates and 200 knights received a share in the partition of Seville.

Various magnates pledged a certain number of knights to the Mallorcan Crusade, as well as an indefinite number of archers, and sergeants, and agreed to provide them with food, drink, arms, armor, and horses.

Nobles  Knights

Nunyo Sanç, count of Roselló 100 knights

Hug, count of Empúries 70 knights

Guillem de Montcada, viscount of Béarn 100 knights

Ferran de San Martín 100 knights

Guerau de Cervelló 100 knights

Ramon de Montcada, lord of Tortosa 25 knights

Ramon Berenguer d’Ager 25 knights

Bernat de Santa Eugénia  30 knights

Gilabert de Croyles 30 knights

 Total 580 knights

If a ratio of sergeants to knights similar to that of the prelates is assumed, that is, ten or twenty to one, then the number of sergeants might approach 5,800 or 11,600. That would give a total of either 6,380 or 12,180 men, but it is impossible to say whether these figures are reasonably accurate or not.

The Military Orders comprised the first line of defense, but the number of friars ready for battle at any given moment is difficult to determine. There were perhaps no more than fifty to a hundred, depending on the Order. The Templar commander of Miravet, for example, pledged thirty knights, twenty mounted crossbowmen, and other troops for the Mallorcan Crusade. When Pelay Pérez Correa, master of Santiago, agreed in 1246 to provide Baldwin II of Constantinople with 1,500 men, that included 300 knights, but not all were members of the Order. Nor is it likely that the 200 archers (100 horse and 100 foot), and 1,000 sergeants or footsoldiers belonged to the Order.

Perhaps aware that rivalry between the Templars and Hospitallers had contributed to the downfall of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, the peninsular Orders several times promised mutual support and collaboration. In 1221 the masters of Calatrava and Santiago concluded a pact of brotherhood, stipulating that their knights would march together, fight side by side under one commander, and share booty equally. Three years later, the masters of Calatrava, Santiago, the Temple, and the Hospital in León and Castile pledged concerted action in battle. In 1239 the masters of Calatrava and Santiago confirmed all previous agreements between their Orders, and four years later they again emphased the need for cooperation under a single commander.

The municipalities also were required to respond to the summons to war. As the population of most Christian towns probably ranged between 1,500 to 3,000 persons, the number of adult males eligible for military service likely was no more than 600 to 1,200. Sentinels or lookouts were posted to warn of an approaching enemy so that the summons to defend the town could be given. The walls provided a secure haven for both urban residents and those living within the district. Towns also raided enemy territory in the hope of bringing back booty. Indeed, Dufourcq and Gautier-Dalché spoke of “war as an industry” during this era.

The nature and extent of municipal military obligations were spelled out in royal charters, such as the Fueros of Jaca, Teruel, Cuenca, and Coria. While in theory all able-bodied men, organized by districts or parishes, were required to serve, only a limited number might have to do so. Kings often granted exemption from military service in exchange for a tax called fonsadera. Before setting out, a muster (alarde, Ar., al-ʿarḍ) was held in the town square to determine whether the soldiers were properly equipped. Knights, who were a prominent element in the municipal militia, came to enjoy both political and social ascendancy in their towns. After the conquest of Seville, as the towns allowed their military skills and equipment to deteriorate, Alfonso X in 1256 and 1264 assured municipal mounted warriors of significant tax advantages, provided that they were suitably equipped for war. The urban militias were commanded by the juez or chief administrator of the town, but the alcaldes or magistrates organized the troops from each district. Scouts, lookouts, a chaplain, a surgeon, and notaries or scribes responsible for supplies and the distribution of booty, accompanied the militia.

Almogávers or almogávares (Ar., al-maghāwīr, raiders), men wearing rough garments, armed with daggers, short lances, and darts, and often living in forests, engaged in daily raids against the Muslims. In Catalonia they were usually footsoldiers, but in Castile they might also be horsemen. Light infantry carrying lances, knives, and daggers, perhaps the most numerous element of the army, included archers (arqueros) and crossbowmen (ballesteros); some ninety-five ballesteros received lands in the partition of Seville. While the cavalry was more mobile, the infantry was valued because it could go where cavalry could not.

Once an army was organized obedience and prompt execution of orders were essential for discipline. Disobedience, fomenting discord, quarreling, wounding, killing, stealing, desertion, and aiding and abetting the enemy were punished severely. Penalties included fines, exile, shaving the head and face, mutilation of the ears or hands, and execution. Trading with the enemy during wartime, especially in wheat, horses, weapons, iron, and wood, was condemned as treason, although the popes occasionally permitted people on the frontier to purchase necessities from neighboring Muslims.

Arms and Armor

In order to acquit themselves effectively soldiers were required to bring a sword, a lance, a javelin, a bow and arrows, or a crossbow and darts. Knights ordinarily carried an iron sword, usually about three feet long, doublesided and with a hilt. The sword was primarily used for striking an enemy in the hope of cutting through his coat of mail, rather than piercing his body. Both knights and footsoldiers used wooden or iron lances about six or seven feet long, and tipped with a long iron point. Footsoldiers also wielded a shorter javelin. Although the bow and arrow enjoyed some popularity, the crossbow became the most important projectile weapon, employed by both knights and footsoldiers.

Protective armor included the coat of mail, worn over a quilted jacket, and reaching the knees or even below; the helmet or iron cap, sometimes fitted with a nose guard, and worn over a cloth cap; and metal or leather braces protecting the arms and thighs. Shields or bucklers made of wood covered with leather or iron bands, were either round, or triangular, similar to a kite. The coats of arms of kings and knights were painted on their shields. Almoravid shields were made from hippopotamus hides. Body armor and arms varied greatly depending on the warrior’s status. Magnates may have adorned their helmets with precious stones, as visual testimony of their triumphs.

Several codices illustrate various types of weapons and protective gear. A twelfth-century miniature in Beatus’s Commentary depicts soldiers on horseback and on foot, wearing conical iron caps and chain mail covering the body including the head and reaching to the knees; they carried swords, lances, and round shields. A battle scene in Cantiga 63 displays Christian knights wearing chain mail covered with surcoats, gloves, and bowled or square helmets shielding the entire face; their kite shields have distinctive markings such as a zig-zag pattern in black and white (a Muslim shield has gold half-moons on red); they carry lances with triangular pennons, and a red flag. Around 1300 murals in the royal palace of Barcelona portrayed knights in chain mail with pot helmets, footsoldiers bearing lances and swords, and archers equipped with swords, as well as crossbows and darts in quivers.

Knights sometimes imitated the Muslim riding style, known as a la jineta; with a short stirrup strap and bended knees the knight was able to control his horse and to move swiftly. The French practice, known as a la brida, also gained popularity. A long stirrup strap extended the warrior’s legs giving him greater security, though somewhat sacrificing maneuverability. Horses were sometimes protected by a coat of mail. Given their great cost and the expense of maintaining them, the number of mounted warriors likely was small in comparison with infantrymen. Thirteenth-century laws prohibiting the export of horses attested to their scarcity. After losing eighty-six horses, Jaime I purchased replacements but admitted that he probably paid more than they were worth. The Almoravids brought camels to Spain, causing consternation among the Christians, but neither Muslims nor Christians used them regularly.

Armies probably employed trumpets or other horns to summon one another. The sound of Almoravid war drums covered with elephant hides reportedly terrified the Christians who had never heard them before. Cantiga 165 illustrates a Muslim army equipped with standards, trumpets, and drums.

Supply was a major concern of any army. It has been estimated that each man required about two and a half pounds of grain and two quarts of water per day; horses needed eight gallons of water and twenty-eight pounds of fodder. Beasts of burden, rather than wheeled carts, ordinarily were used to transport supplies. Mules, needing less food and water and able to cover as many as twenty-five miles a day with loads of 200 pounds or more, were preferred to horses. Municipal fueros often specified the obligation to provide beasts of burden. Jaime I employed 2,000 pack animals capable of carrying 400,000 pounds of supplies to relieve Puig, while the king of Granada sent 1,500 animals to Fernando III’s siege of Jaén. An army on the move usually followed river routes and marched through areas that might yield forage and plunder.

Leave a Reply

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:

WordPress.com Logo

You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out /  Change )

Google photo

You are commenting using your Google account. Log Out /  Change )

Twitter picture

You are commenting using your Twitter account. Log Out /  Change )

Facebook photo

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out /  Change )

Connecting to %s

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


text:
0 min Read

Measuring Pac-12 Coaches

by Greg Katz

LOS ANGELES – It’s already beginning and a kickoff hasn’t even been executed. One of the upcoming college football magazines, Athlon, has already taken the opportunity to rank the twelve 2015 Pac-12 coaches from top to bottom. According to an Athlon, USC head coach Steve Sarkisian currently resides at No. 9 out of 12 coaches in the Pac-12 pecking order,

Click here to read the full story at the ESPN USC blog

Greg Katz
Greg Katz

Now in his 58th season of either writing, broadcasting, or just plain watching USC football, WeAreSC columnist Greg Katz began his affiliation with the website back in 2001, introducing his well-received O/NSO (The Obvious/The Not So Obvious) column and later adding his respected IMHO Sunday opinion and tidbits column. Greg, a former ESPN.com college football staff writer covering USC, is also a member of the Football Writer's Association of America. He is also known in Southern California as a professional public address announcer, having called the the 1996 Rose Bowl Game between USC and Northwestern. Greg also holds a master's degree in athletic administration and was a former varsity high school coach of 27 years.

More Articles By Greg


text:
0 min Read

USC guide to the high school all-star games

By Johnny Curren

A quick rundown of the three major upcoming high school football all-star games for USC fans.

Click here to read the full story on the ESPN USC blog

Johnny Curren
Johnny Curren

Johnny Curren started as a recruiting writer with WeAreSC in the early 2000's, and has also worked at Fox Sports West and Student Sports. Johnny is an Emmy Award winner while covering HS football at Fox.

More Articles By Johnny


text:
I’ll Serve As Long As I Don’t Have To Be Uncomfortable

Sometimes I wish I could figure out a way to photograph the sounds that go along with an image. This picture doesn’t look like much. I took it on my phone and didn’t try very hard make it awesome, because what was really capturing my attention was the sound of all the birds. So many birds! Each one singing its own morning wake up song. It was a beautiful cacophony!

I read this today in Alma 31, of the Book of Mormon.

“30 O Lord God, how long wilt thou suffer that such wickedness and infidelity shall be among this people? O Lord, wilt thou give me strength, that I may bear with mine infirmities. For I am infirm, and such wickedness among this people doth pain my soul. 31 O Lord, my heart is exceedingly sorrowful; wilt thou comfort my soul in Christ. O Lord, wilt thou grant unto me that I may have strength, that I may suffer with patience these afflictions which shall come upon me, because of the iniquity of this people. 32 O Lord, wilt thou comfort my soul, and give unto me success, and also my fellow laborers who are with me—yea, Ammon, and Aaron, and Omner, and also Amulek and Zeezrom, and also my two sons—yea, even all these wilt thou comfort, O Lord. Yea, wilt thou comfort their souls in Christ. 33 Wilt thou grant unto them that they may have strength, that they may bear their afflictions which shall come upon them because of the iniquities of this people.” https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/31?verse=30-33&lang=eng#p30

These verses show me just how far I am from being selfless. Alma and his friends have done missionary work in dangerous cities before. They KNOW they could be beaten, thrown into prison and starved, even killed, because they have experienced it in the past. Still, they are willing to sacrifice ALL human comforts in order that as many people as they can persuade to listen to their message will come unto Christ.

Sometimes when I think about the future, I think about serving a mission with Mr Hot Stuff, and I start to think about the circumstances under which I CAN’T serve. I end up talking at God, saying, “I really want to serve a mission one day, but I can’t in a place like this, and a place like that might cause me pain or hardship, so send me anywhere except those places.”

What hits me even harder are the times when God has asked me to serve right where I am, and things get challenging and maybe painful. I can remember actual times when I’ve said, “Heavenly Father, this is NOT what I signed up for.” Oy.

Contrast that with Alma and his friends who just pray to be able to deal with whatever trauma or pain that comes their way.

What a long way I have to go! I suppose, though, that in order to progress, we must first see our flaws before we can find a way to fix them. Growing pains!

Leave a comment

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:

WordPress.com Logo

You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out /  Change )

Google photo

You are commenting using your Google account. Log Out /  Change )

Twitter picture

You are commenting using your Twitter account. Log Out /  Change )

Facebook photo

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out /  Change )

Connecting to %s

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


text:
Dancing On Ice’s Yebin Mok is ‘gutted’ to miss show after ‘freak accident’ with Graham Bell

The skater, 34, who was set to perform with Olympic skier Graham Bell, lacerated her leg on Monday and is now undergoing physio after having an operation.

Leave a Reply

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


text:
This week in Rails: Relation#or, file fixtures, kwargs and more!

Posted by gregmolnar, January 31, 2015 @ 2:13 am in News

It is that time of the week again!

This is Greg, bringing you this week’s interesting commits and pull requests from Rails.

This week’s Rails contributors

Let’s start with a big thank you for all the people who helped this week to make Rails better!

New Stuff

Added #or to ActiveRecord::Relation

A long waited feature is added to Active Record and from now on you can combine two Active Record relations with the or operator.

With this addition to ActiveSupport::Testing there is no need to write custom helpers for testing features requiring a sample file (i.e. file uploads).

Use kwargs in the test’s HTTP methods

Support for keyword arguments is added to the HTTP methods of the controller tests. An example of the new syntax:

post :create, params: { y: x }, format: :json

Improved performance of integration tests

delegate turned out to be a bottleneck at the URL generation in the integration tests. With this patch the integration tests of the applications should have a speedup.

Allow hyphenated names for plugins

From now on you can generate a Rails plugin with a hyphenated name (i.e. namespaced engines).

*_via_redirect integration test methods are deprecated

The *_via_redirect methods are deprecated but do not fear, you can use follow_redirect! in your test suite for the same behaviour.

Fixed HTTP basic authentication nil issue

When request.authorization returned nil, Rails raised a NoMethodError, but this is fixed now.

AR::Relation#group accepts SQL reserved keywords

This patch allows you to group by SQL reserved keywords with the group method of Active Record.

One More Thing™

Arthur Nogueira Neves is a Rails Committer

Please welcome our newest Rails Committer!

Wrapping up

That’s all for This week in Rails. As always, there are more changes than we have room to cover here, but feel free to check them out yourself!

P.S. If you enjoyed this newsletter, why not share it with your friends? :) If you wish to be part of this project please don’t hesitate to contact Godfrey – there’re a lot of ways you could help make this newsletter more awesome!


text:
By Tom Warthen – President, ProSite Web Design LLC – www.websitedesignersdc.com

Between managing cash flow, people, and the normal day’s work load, what small business owner has the time to keep up with current technology trends? ProSite Web Design has compiled a quick summary of what you should know when starting out with social media for your business.

No doubt, you have heard of social media, and maybe you are a member of one or more social networks for personal use; but can it also benefit your business? The quick answer: Yes.

Provided below is an overview highlighting what you need to know about the big three social networks (Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn) and strategies to derive business value.

With the largest user base, Facebook claims 50 percent of active users log in each day. This means at least 175 million users every 24 hours. So, your customers are probably already there. This social network allows you to set up a “Fan Page” for your company so that Facebook’s users can become fans of or “like” your company. Consider it virtual referrals for your business.

Become a fan and like ProSite Web Design on Facebook.

Twitter is a social networking service that enables you to communicate with your “followers” via short messages (tweets) which are limited to 140 characters. It is a challenge to convey much of substance in such a short text-based message, but the medium can be ideal for some instances, such as sending out timely announcements or promotions. Los Angeles’ Kogi Korean BBQ-To-Go announces the location of its fresh gourmet food truck to lunchtime customers and draws lines hundreds deep. Or consider a local spa that has openings due to cancellations but, instead of writing off the loss, fills them with customers waiting for those last minute deals.

Follow ProSite Web Design on Twitter.

LinkedIn is regarded as the social network for business professionals. Members can post online resumes and connect with both former and current coworkers and associates. It promotes online networking and allows users with common interests to join professional groups. Creating a LinkedIn profile for your business would allow you to recruit top talent and check references. Potential hires similarly can use LinkedIn as a tool to gather information about potential employers.

While all the networks offer free services, your time is the investment. So whether you decide to target one of these social networks or a combination of all three, it is important to budget your time wisely and have specific goals in mind. Nevertheless, their popularity presents a terrific platform for bolstering your brand and your relationships with your customers.

Providing a two-way communication channel, social media networks allow your business the opportunity to engage your customers, solicit feedback and answer questions. Because much of the content is public, it is also indexed by search engines, which gives the added bonus of increasing your search engine ranking and the likelihood that when a potential customer is online your business is the solution they will find.

Social media can be a powerful marketing tool when used effectively. By sharing your expertise and interactively engaging with fans and followers, your business will remain in the forefront of customers’ minds when your products or services are needed.

If you would like ProSite Web Design to optimize your web presence please contact us today for a free quote.

Tom Warthen is the President of ProSite Web Design LLC and has been helping businesses looking for a high return on their online marketing investment since the early days of the Internet in the 1990s. To learn more about how to make your website the best it can be, and to contact ProSite Web Design for a consultation, visit https://websitedesignersdc.com.


text:
Radiant Events

Radiant Events

Video Gallery

Aurora, CO, 80016
[View Map / Directions]
Category: Services » Event Planners
  • Price Range: $$$
  • Price Range Key
    $ (Inexpensive)$$ (Lower Moderate)$$$ (Moderate)$$$$ (Upper Moderate)$$$$$ (Expensive)$$$$$$ (Very Expensive)

Radiant Events specializes in creating beautiful, sparkling, moments for every client. We will make your vision come to life, and meet your budget, too! We can’t wait to be your #supportsquad!

Narrow Your Search

e.g. Denver, CO or 80202
Search by Name
Category | Business Name


text:
skip to Main Content

Original Organic Wraps – Tobacco Free, Vegan, Non-GMO!

$25.99 $25.99

Rated 0 out of 5
(be the first to review)

Enjoy the smooth, natural flavor of organic, vegan, GMO-free wraps! 25 packs total, and with 2 wraps per pack, 50 wraps all together. These incredibly smooth, slow-burning wraps have been in high demand ever since their release!

Add to Cart
Report Abuse
SKU: B07GGWHMWQ Categories: ,

  • Organic wraps, made without pesticides, GMOs, or other chemicals
  • Single Flavor includes 25 Packs of the flavor you choose (25 Packs with 2 Wraps per Pack) = 50 Wraps!

There are no reviews yet.

Be the first to review “Original Organic Wraps – Tobacco Free, Vegan, Non-GMO!”

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Size Chart

Pack of 25
Sorry no more offers available

You may also like…

Back To Top


text:
Storytelling in Your Events

When you think about meetings and events, logistics often come to mind first. Certainly those must be outstanding, but something often forgotten about is the story. Stories are not just in books and movies; they are what we experience every day, drawing us in or tuning us out of everyday life. The story of your event is one of the most important elements to meeting your objectives.

A well-formed story is often why we remember some things vividly while forgetting about others. If a book was just a list of the things that happened in the character’s day, we’d forget it in a second. But if we’re drawn into their life with exposition, a climax, and a conclusion, we become invested the tale. So don’t simply approach your event in terms of what needs to happen, think of it in terms of parts of a story. This is where we believe your brand and the strategic purpose of your event can come together to create a signature experience. Look at the difference between these two event flows from the point of view of the attendee:

1: I went to an event. There were decorations. I had food. There was a speaker. I went home.

2: An invitation arrives in the mail for a brand summit. My interest is immediately piqued – what is a brand summit? I get to the event and notice the convention center is transformed. In the evening, food from each of the countries our company is based in come out. We eat family-style and enjoy the conversation. Suddenly, the lights dim. The CEO comes out for an interactive presentation, and I follow along on the app on my phone. We discuss the challenges we face and how we as a united family will each do our parts to conquer these mountains. I hear how other people, just like me in our company come up with amazing ways to defeat some big hairy goals each day. I go up to my room for the night and I am surprised to find a gift in my room – a company-branded leather notebook along with a glass of champagne. When I leave the next day, I excitedly read over my notes planning how to present to my team and help them share in the future vision when I get back.

Which of these compelled you more to read? Which one would be more interesting and engaging for you to attend? Was it the one where things just happened, one after another, until the event was done? Or was it the one that began with something unexpected and put the attendee in a space they had never been in before?

When storying your event, there are a few key things to keep top of mind if you want it to be truly memorable.

Beginning, middle, end.

Boil down any story in the world, and you’ll be able to break it into three parts: the beginning, the middle, and the end. You should aim to do the same with your events. Draw the attendee in with a solid beginning – get their attention. Is there a kick-off party or a welcome dinner? Then, determine what you want the attendees to take away from the event and devise creative ways set up that information from the start and carry it through. What are the goals? What do you want them to feel? Start with those questions and create solutions from there. Finally, create something memorable for the end where attendees can wind down and re-group from the event, leaving them with a positive impression.

“Make me care.”

Andrew Stanton, a writer and director at Pixar, says “The greatest story commandment is: Make me care.” Nothing could be more true when it comes to events. You could set up an extravaganza with all the bells and whistles, the best food, and the most astounding entertainment and it will fall completely flat if it has nothing to do with the story you’re trying to tell. People won’t just show up because something is cool, they’ll show up if something means something to them. If you’re telling the story of a brand of automotive, for instance, forgo the limos and town cars for transportation and instead employ vintage models of the automotive brand – tell the brand’s story.

Use all your platforms.

Stories today are not just told around a campfire – they’re in books, on screens, in phones, and countless other media. In your event, don’t confine yourself to the venue or the hotel. Your story lives in the collateral and printed material your attendees receive, it lives in the app you developed for the event, it lives in the customer service of the people answering the registration hotline. Every aspect of the event needs to tie back to the story you want to tell.

Storytelling isn’t another industry buzzword to keep abreast of – it’s a reminder that every event needs to make the attendee feel something – because when you feel something, you remember it.

Share This


text:
The Third Eye News, events and happenings

In most cases for an SR22, one is required to make full

June 22, 2013

When you plan to move a physical server to the virtual world with hyper v there are several tools available for you to use. One that has been extremely useful in my endeavors as a network engineer has been Acronis. When moving a domain controller or file server to hyper v will replica designer bags now become a three step process..

high replica bags The required length depends on the severity of the offence committed and the requirements of the State the person is in. Normally, the tenure an SR22 Replica Handbags stays on record is between 1 to 5 years duration, with 2 to 3 years being the most common time period. In most cases for an SR22, one is required to make full payment for the policy Replica Bags Wholesale ahead of time, thus it is not feasible to cancel the coverage in mid term.. high replica bags

best replica bags online After all, doubled up situations and motels can be dangerous for children, who need structure and routine. Families can’t reliably get mail or after school care in such tenuous living situations. Yet they’re better than the alternative. It selfish and backwards. Handbags Replica If anything, it pushes people far, far away from Christianity because you telling them that what Christianty is. The Evangelical movement is a bigger threat to the church than anything else in the last hundred years, because the Evangelical movement only cares about patting one wholesale replica designer handbags self on the back while condemning the rest of the world and villainizing anything and anyone. best replica bags online

bag replica high quality During the moving process, things need for careful planning. Do not buy a new home if there is a danger of security and fire in that area. Check the locks and doors of the vehicles which company uses to deliver your replica handbags china valuables to your new place. The Grove serves some of the best elaborate meals in Pembrokeshire (three course dinners from 59). Allister Barsby previously of the Michelin starred Gidleigh Park in Devon presides over the kitchen, and his dishes are imaginative, fussed over and memorable. Replica Designer Handbags High points of my meal included foie gras with jellied rhubarb and candied hazelnuts, and a very rich chocolate pav with popcorn ice cream.. bag replica high quality

high quality designer replica Try to tap, flip the card with the same picture as displayed in previous one. If the pictures on the both cards are identical they Replica Bags stay opened, continue with the next pair, If pictures are replica handbags online not identical both cards will flip back to balnk tile so you can try again. Try to find all matched cards within fewer clicks and time get higher scores. high quality designer replica

replica designer backpacks By the mid 16th century, Portuguese settlers in Brazil began cultivating Fake Handbags their own tobacco for export to Europe. In 1564, Captain John Hawkins and his crew introduced pipe smoking to England and over the next few decades the demand for American leaf grew significantly. Sir Walter Raleigh is credited with popularizing pipe smoking at the English royal court not long after. replica designer backpacks

replica bags from china Unfortunately, Harper is still very young and needs more time to develop, but when he does I believe we will see some fireworks. At 19 years old, this kids is showing great power and remarkable abilities all around the baseball field. The only thing that worries me is that he is a catcher and catching behind the plate shortens a players career immensely. replica bags from china

buy replica bags online They work or go to school, high quality replica handbags relax, work out, watch television, and enjoy the Internet. When they go somewhere where a food is being served that they cannot eat, they simply eat something else. Their host might fix them a peanut butter sandwich, for example, or perhaps a bowl of Designer Replica Bags tomato soup with a salad on the side.. buy replica bags online

high quality replica bags Make sure you document everything, appointments, phone conversations and request copies of all your test results. Be purse replica handbags sure to send it certified mail, that way you will have proof they did in fact receive it. The Designer Fake Bags more reliable documentation you can furnish the easier it will be for them to process your Wholesale Replica Bags claim, they do not like to look things up so take the initiative. high quality replica bags

replica bags buy online Princess Beatrice is understood to live between London and New York City (Picture: John Lamparski/WireImage)this we have never commented on individual employers. We would not comment cheap replica handbags on how the princess is spending her private time. Is understood to have moved to New York City in 2015, currently living between New York City and London.. replica bags buy online

best replica bags When choosing your next setup, be sure to do your homework. Reading online reviews, visiting fishing forums online, and talking with the experts down at your local fly shop are great ways to determine if a rod is a good purchase. It is important to have a high quality replica Purse rod, especially when you are starting out. best replica bags

high end replica bags As you may know, this is not an easy task. If you have ever taken on a new fitness routine or KnockOff Handbags nutrition plan (I hate the word diet!), you know how hard it is to stay consistent. Personally and professionally almost everyone that I know has some sort of “wish list” that includes things like losing weight, getting more fit, running a 5k and/or doing a triathlon.. high end replica bags

replica wallets 3. The simplest way to give your fridge a new look is also the most functional one. The fridge door and walls can be utilized to organize small odds and ends. Aria Siccone, 15, was there during the Fake Designer Bags Valentine Day rampage. She watched one of her classmates pounding on the classroom door, trying to flee the shooter, and remains haunted by his terror stricken face moments before he was gunned down. The gunshots started shortly after he knocked, and they couldn let him in. replica wallets

replica designer bags wholesale There are many resources you can use from studying famous eulogies to downloadable e books. A lot of people these days when asked to write a eulogy head straight to the Internet which is fine because the Internet is a brilliant place to find help with what you need. There are numerous helpful sites that can give you samples on how to write eulogies or how a eulogy should look and this can give you great inspiration and direction replica designer bags wholesale.

Subscribe to our Newsletter!

Get occasional updates about West 3rd St. news, events, and promotions.

Your information will never be shared with any third party.


text:
The Third Eye News, events and happenings

Upavahana the short film is directed by Anson A Athikalam

March 6, 2014

I found it a little odd for a game to start out so intense so quick. But then it dawned to me right then and there it was going to be like “Oh. It’s going to be one of those “how did it get to this point” kind of deal.”. Another idea for your patio is citrus. Start with a five gallon pot and place in sunny section of your patio. Over the next two years, you might want to repot to a larger pot, but after about two years, your citrus tree should be good to go.

moncler outlet online Leclerc Briant was one of the first Champagne houses to farm biodynamically (which is organic, guided by the lunar cycle) and immersing the Abyss Champagne in the sea is akin to placing moncler jackets mens it in a giant dynamiser. The result is truly special, with a rich complexity of dried apricot, apple, brioche and nut flavours, with a ghost of salinity on the finish. It is one of a range of unique Champagnes from Leclerc Briant, and I’ve featured a slightly more affordable one in the line up today.. moncler outlet canada moncler outlet online

moncler sale outlet Personal devotion from teachers, emotional development and a secure atmosphere are among our essential objectives and we hope to make this conversion as smooth and happy as possible for you and your child. We deliver them with moncler jackets outlet online the time, the resources and the motivation to study. The support to learn and the placidness to challenge their expectations in our nursery school in Dubai.. moncler sale outlet

moncler mens jackets The Christmas season here in Singapore is a rainy one, but a local would still love to take pictures anyway. What better solution than a camera compatible and water resistant iPad mini cover! By the way, this black beauty fits all versions of iPad mini, and offers multiple viewing and typing angles. Brilliant!. moncler mens jackets

cheap moncler sale Birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. We continue to put our own goals and talents on the back burner because duty calls. cheap moncler jackets outlet We don’t have time moncler jackets for women for ourselves. Upavahana the short film is directed by Anson A Athikalam, a third year Economics (Hons) student of moncler outlet kids St. Stephen College, DU. It uses ants, as a metaphor, to show how moncler coats cheap Rohingyas have been forced to flee Myanmar, and seek shelter in India and Bangladesh, and to persuade viewers moncler jacket outlet to wake up to the moncler jacket online violation of their human rights.. cheap moncler sale

cheap moncler coats The treadmill is 6 feet long and 3 feet wide. The Console is easy to read and moncler coats for kids use. Along with the spacious storage areas on each side the console also features a cooling fan, MP3 input, moncler outlet mall and speakers for your personal audio moncler jackets kids player. “This meet was a focus on regional stability in South Asia, South East Asia and Indo Pacific. India being a part of groups like the ASEAN also help greatly in this endeavour,” Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj said. “In today’s meet we have agreed to speed up the process of moncler coats for women India’s entry into the NSG (Nuclear Suppliers Group),” Ms Swaraj said.. cheap moncler coats

cheap moncler jackets Listen to your own intuition instead of relying on theirs. Your friends were not on the date with you, YOUR DATE was on the date with you. They don’t know every little detail that happened and even if you did provide them the moncler outlets uk details, they wouldn’t have been able to moncler outlets usa get the vibes and feelings during the interactions on the date.. cheap moncler jackets

monlcer down jackets I sincerely hope that protests over Ms. moncler jackets cheap Ebree jail time are equally ineffective. The pipeline should be built to help save our economy, which NDP Premier John Horgan seems determined to destroy, even during these Trumpian times.. It was simply a bad idea to do 134 manned launches to LEO. There couldn have been that many payloads which really needed crew onboard to make them happen. It seems irrational to always moncler outlet usa mix crew with payload. monlcer down jackets

moncler outlet sale 2018. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Alle anderen Warenzeichen oder Urheberrechte Dritter sind Eigentum ihrer jeweiligen Inhaber. The menu boasts a wide variety of meat choices including beef, chicken, lamb and goat dishes, while offering vegetarians plenty of options with veggie dishes, lentils, moncler jackets on sale rice, and hearty breads. The food is aromatic and flavorful the spices are always just right. Be sure to try the to die for kabobs with the green sauce and raw onions trust me on this one. moncler outlet sale

moncler outlet store Great article McK! Rewards are a much better incentive than threats for sure! Wish the place I work for would listen to your advice. Threats do not mean much, after a certain point employees no longer really care whether moncler coats for cheap they are punished or not. For example, one of the popular threats for refusing mandatory overtime where I work is to moncler coats sale be given a one day lay off. moncler outlet store

buy moncler jackets I reacted to what was happening in my body by doing the worst thing possible moncler chicago thing for a stroke I didn’t get help straight away. I hid it from my family initially because I didn’t want them to worry. But when my husband came home from work later that day, he saw that my face was drooped on one side moncler outlet ny and took me to the hospital.. buy moncler jackets

cheap moncler outlet A meat tenderizer or kitchen mallet is designed to flatten thick food. It is mostly used for beef, pork and poultry since their muscle tissue (the meat) can be tough. Fish, fruit and vegetables are pop over to this web-site much too delicate to be slammed by a meat tenderizer. cheap moncler outlet

moncler outlet He didn’t attempt standing until he was taller, had better aim and had a better memory for putting the seat down. I was not interested in wiping up urine from moncler outlet nooks and crannies of my bathroom I never knew existed or sitting on a seat only to fall into the moncler outlet store bowl myself. And we all know moncler outlet woodbury that bathroom smell that screams “a little boy with bad aim lives here!” So he learned to use the bathroom by sitting on his own little seat and in one day felt like a rock star. moncler jackets moncler outlet

cheap moncler For decades, the Purple and Gold have been the biggest show in town. Beyond the team’s success on the court, the franchise has done well with its crowd and atmosphere. Lakers games became the “it” place to be in town when the team played at home. Coconut oil is discount moncler outlet extracted from coconut flesh, leaving behind the fibre, carbohydrate and protein. What we buy in a jar is pure fat. Coconut oil is solid at room temperature because of its high saturated fat content cheap moncler.

Subscribe to our Newsletter!

Get occasional updates about West 3rd St. news, events, and promotions.

Your information will never be shared with any third party.


text:
The latest edition of the Westcombe News December 2013/January 2014 is out now, in glorious colour.

It features the success of the annual Dickensian Christmas Bazaar, which raised funds for our Charity of the Year, the South London Special League.  This charity helps disabled children take part in sports across South-East London; the organisation was recently included in a celebration of football at Buckingham Palace.  There are also features on sourcing gifts for Christmas locally, an 1864 clipper ship on its way to Australia for restoration, wood-turning, and the proposed Ikea store on the Peninsula.

The editor will be having a well-deserved rest over the holdiays, and the next edition will be out in February 2014.

If you don’t receive a delivery to your home, you can find paper copies in local shops and the Old Dover Road library.  You can also read all issues published in the last few years plus the first ever Westcombe News online on this website. Links can be found by scrolling down on the Westcombe News page.

Also, if you have a little spare time, the Westcombe News needs volunteers to help with deliveries.  Please see the latest issue for contact details.


text:
Music Teachers

We Teach Music is a collective of seriously experienced music teachers driven by a burning passion for live performance and a lifetime of learning their craft. All our teachers are DBS checked and can offer both private music lessons and peripatectic music teaching.

Dan Clews (Guitar)

With an impressive resume of experience within music teaching and the music business, the founder of We Teach Music brings a wealth of knowledge to every lesson. Teaching from beginner to advanced levels, numerous students have gone on to become internationally recognised artists in their own right. His passion for teaching is met in equal measures by his passion for song writing, recording and performance where Dan has performed in prestigious venues such as the Albert Hall, toured America where the US government have recognised him as an artist of international worth and enjoyed airplay, interviews and sessions on Radio 2, 6 Music and numerous regional BBC stations.

Conor Williams (Drums)

Having played since the age of 10 Conor studied music at higher level at the University of Kent, gaining a distinction in Performing Popular Music. Conor is a versatile drummer with skills in a vast array of styles such as Rock, Pop, Funk, Soul, Jazz and Hip-Hop. He has performed original and function material at a number of venues including The Barfly, o2 Academy, Hop Farm, Boardmasters, Lounge on The Farm and French Quarter Festival in New Orleans. Since finishing his degree Conor has become an in-demand music teacher, working privately and in schools across Kent. He appreciates attending live music shows, clinics and masterclasses, continuing to study and practice drums in order to become a better musician and drum teacher.

Andrew Matthews (Guitar)

Having played in bands since the age of 16, Andrew has gained a wealth of experience in performing, recording, touring and songwriting. He plays lead guitar in the critically acclaimed heavy metal act STONEGHOST, which has seen him perform at major international festivals and on TV! He has been teaching for over a decade and given guitar lessons to pupils of all ages and abilities: he is equally comfortable helping demonstrate advanced shred licks as he is with delicate classical finger-picking!

Ashleigh Barker-Hughes (Piano, Singing, Flute)

Ashleigh has been immersed in music since the age of 8, specialising in piano, vocals and flute. Having been classically trained until the age of 17, she then went on to study Popular Music Performance for 4 years, exploring other genres of music such as funk, blues, soul, jazz, pop, rock, Americana, reggae and hip hop. Ashleigh has performed at a range of venues in the UK and abroad (France, Spain, Belgium, Portugal and New Orleans) with different bands performing covers and original material. Ashleigh brings this wealth of experience to her lessons that focus on learning through enjoyment and familiar repertoire.

Richard Morse (Guitar)

Richard Morse has been a guitarist for over thirty years and a professional touring musician for eighteen years. When not engaged in his busy teaching schedule he performs live in UK theatres with Think Floyd, the definitive Pink Floyd show. Richard can teach to a high standard across a range of styles including Modern Rock, Pop, Funk, Acoustic, Blues, Metal and many more. He holds a First Class Ba (Hons) degree from Falmouth University in Creative Music Performance.

Marc Brereton (Guitar)

Marc’s lessons draw from his many years working in education and his vast experience playing in his internationally recognised brother/sister duo “The Breretons” and the critically acclaimed band “Possessor.” As an educator within music, Marc was invited to run specialised workshops at Glastonbury Festival. Locally he has been involved in running The School Of Rock (established in 2005) where he now works as a course leader. He has been teaching one to one lessons with We Teach Music since 2016, during which time he has set countless students on a path of musical discovery and enjoyment.

Cris Finniss (Drums)

As drummer in Rock/Metal group Stoneghost, Cris has toured the UK and beyond, the culmination of their hard work resulting in recognition on Kerrang Radio and Kerrang Magazine where the band enjoyed rave reviews and airplay. Cris has been teaching with We Teach Music since 2016 and brings a fresh enthused approach. “It’s such a rewarding thing to see students come in with little to no experience and over time, become competent drummers who enjoy their experience.” Cris’ students have enjoyed a 100% pass rate with RSL Rockschool and they continue to develop and discover the many rewards of playing the drums.

Niall Oats (Saxophone, Flute, Bass, Classical Guitar)

Having been a professional musician playing saxophone, flute and bass in jazz, rock and pop bands since graduating, Niall began tutoring in the Sevenoaks area in 2014. During his time as an instrumental tutor, his students have achieved 100% pass rate from grades 1-8 on saxophone, flute, and classical guitar. Niall likes to make lessons fun and enjoyable as well as being able to improve the student’s ability level during every lesson. Performances are encouraged even if it’s just to family members. Expect to be pushed but gain huge rewards and enjoyment in the process.

Relf Kent (Guitar)

Relf is a BRIT school graduate who plays regular shows all over London with several artists and original projects. He specialises in technical guitar playing of various styles including rock, metal, jazz, fusion, blues, and country. Other areas of expertise include music production and sound design over several software platforms. Relf’s work ethic has culminated in a staggering technique which brings both inspiration and an insight into his lessons where he continues to inspire students to reach beyond their expectations.

Hannah Richards (Piano, Singing)

Hannah has been immersed in music for over 14 years, training in a variety of styles and instruments. She recently graduated from the University of Chichester Conservatoire with BA Hons Musical Theatre Performance (2:1), and has also achieved ABRSM Grade 8 Classical singing, Grade 5 Music Theory and Trinity Grade 8 Musical Theatre. On top of this Hannah has experience with Choral Singing, Jazz, Pop and Country music, as well as writing and performing her own original music for many years. Hannah has performed across the UK, including performances at Leeds Classical Concert, West End Live, The Bridewell Theatre (Off-West End) and enjoyed performing in a run at The Other Palace (West End). Most recently Hannah has been traveling the world performing with Night Owl Shows, including performances across the UK, America and Australia. Hannah is offering piano lessons and singing lessons for all abilities and genres.


text:
Patient Safety at Ohio State

During this time of public health concern, the Heart and Vascular Center at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center remains open for appointments, including telehealth or video visits. For all in-person visits, you can feel secure in the knowledge that our locations are safe. We've taken significant measures to minimize the risk of the spread of COVID-19 and worked tirelessly to ensure that our patients are protected.

To schedule an appointment, call 614-293-ROSS. Visit our COVID-19 page to get the latest information about how Ohio State is handling the outbreak.

If you are experiencing an emergency, call 911. Don’t wait and don’t risk driving yourself to the hospital.

A pacemaker is a surgically implanted electronic device used to prevent your heart rate from becoming too slow, a condition known as bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia. When your heart rate becomes too slow, the pacemaker will provide an unnoticeable and painless electrical impulse that will cause your heart to beat and thus keep your heart rate from dropping too low.

There are several types of pacemakers but all provide an unnoticeable electrical current that cause your heart to beat and to prevent your heart rate from going too slowly. The electrical current is delivered from the pacemaker generator through an electrical wire (lead) to your heart muscle. The most appropriate pacemaker for you will be determined by your electrophysiologist after considering your health and medications. There are three main types of pacemakers:

  • A dual chamber pacemaker is the most common type of pacemaker. It has one pacing lead in the top chamber of your heart (atria) and one pacing lead in the bottom chamber (ventricle).
  • A second type of pacemaker is one that paces only one chamber of the heart, either the atria or the ventricle
  • A biventricular pacemaker provides pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy. This pacemaker has a third lead that allows it to pace both the right and left ventricles which helps coordinate the pumping function of your heart. This type of pacemaker is helpful for individuals with congestive heart failure.

Who needs a pacemaker?

If you have symptoms of slow heart rate, you may need a pacemaker. These symptoms include loss of consciousness, a slow heart rate while you exercise or if your heart stops beating for several seconds. An electrical heart test, known as an electrophysiology study, may be performed to help determine if you need a pacemaker. Even if you have a slow heart rate, a pacemaker may not be the best treatment option for you.

What to expect during a pacemaker surgery

Before your procedure

You need to have blood work done within 14 days of your procedure. The day before and the morning of your procedure, you will need to use a special soap called CHG. It is sold by the brand name of Hex-A-Clens or Hibiclens and is available at most pharmacies. Please scrub from the neck down, avoiding your eyes and ears.

You will be asked to not eat or drink anything after midnight the evening before your procedure. Your physician will give you specific instructions on which medicines, if any, you should stop taking before the test. If you are not given specific instructions, please take your medicines as you normally would with a small amount of water. Do not smoke or use tobacco products for 24 hours before your procedure.

During your procedure

On the day of pacemaker implantation, you will be brought into the electrophysiology laboratory. The electrophysiology nursing staff will prepare you for the procedure placing special adhesive patches on your chest and monitoring your heart rhythm, oxygen level and blood pressure. The skin at the site where your pacemaker will be implanted will be cleaned. You will receive intravenous (IV) medications to help you feel more comfortable and relaxed as well as antibiotics that will minimize your risk of infection.

The basic parts of a pacemaker are the pacemaker generator and lead (wire). Most pacemakers are inserted under the skin just below the clavicle (collar bone) on either the right or left side of your chest. The skin incision is small and a pocket is made under the skin to insert the pacemaker and the pacing leads.

The pacemaker leads are then inserted through a vein and positioned inside the heart using X-rays as a guide. The pacemaker generator will be attached to these leads.

Once in place, the leads and the pacemaker will be tested. When your physician confirms that they are working correctly, the incision will be closed with absorbable suture material.

After your procedure

After your pacemaker implantation, you will return to your hospital room and will be monitored overnight. Instructions on how to manage your pacemaker and adjust your medications will be reviewed with you and your family before leaving the hospital. Written instructions will also be provided.

Pacemaker implantations are extremely successful, with rates greater than 99 percent. For a 3-lead pacemaker system, the success rates are about 97 percent.

Pacemaker risks

The risks of major complications from a pacemaker implant are low. Complications may include injury to blood vessels, heart muscle or lung tissue; bleeding complications; an infection that requires device removal; and, extremely rarely, death. There is also the chance that your pacemaker device could have a random component failure. If this happens, the pacemaker generator or lead may need to be replaced.

Monitoring your pacemaker

Your pacemaker will need to be periodically evaluated. At these evaluations, the health of your pacemaker will be checked, including the leads and the battery function. Pacemakers can also store information about your heart rhythm. This information will be reviewed as well.

Transtelephonic Monitoring: Transtelephonic Monitoring (TTM) is a method to assess if there is adequate battery function in your pacemaker. Transtelephonic Monitoring does not provide any other information about the pacemaker, nor does it provide the ability for the pacemaker to be adjusted or reprogrammed. Transtelephonic Monitoring is completed over the phone.

At-Home Monitoring: Some pacemakers can be evaluated with a home monitoring system. This system uses a unique monitor that sends the pacemaker information over the internet. This information can then be reviewed by staff at The Ohio State University. All information sent over the internet is reviewed only during normal business hours.

If your pacemaker is capable of being monitored from home, the device nurse will enroll you in the program. As with transtelephonic monitoring, home monitoring cannot change the pacemaker parameters, but more information about the leads and heart rhythm can be obtained from the system. Home monitoring and the transtelephonic monitoring do not treat any medical condition.

Why choose Ohio State for pacemaker?

The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center is one of the leading medical centers in electrophysiology. Electrophysiology is a specialization of cardiology that focuses on the electrical system of the heart. Ohio State’s Ross Heart Hospital has a dedicated staff of heart rhythm experts (called electrophysiologists), nursing staff, a device management team, research scientists and pharmacists that provide a complimentary team approach to evaluating individuals who may need a pacemaker. We are the largest electrophysiology group in central Ohio and have one of the highest patient implantation experiences with devices in the U.S. Ohio State has been a leading pioneer in pacemaker technology and this experience provides additional expertise and insight for the electrophysiologists and added benefit for the care of our patients. Our electrophysiology program is the largest program in Ohio, and one of the top in the nation, with extensive experience in managing a wide spectrum of heart rhythm problems.

Frequently asked questions

What should I do if I notice my pacemaker incision is red, swollen or fluid is leaking?

If you notice any of these changes, do not probe the incision with a cotton swab or apply any lotion or topical antibiotic. Please contact The Ohio State University Device staff at 614-293-8916. These changes may indicate that there is an infection.

When can I return to work?

The decision of when to return to work is based on several factors and should be discussed with your physician before you are discharged from the hospital. If you need return-to-work slips or paperwork completed, please do not hesitate to ask us for help.

What will I feel when the pacemaker is working?

You should not feel anything. The tiny electrical impulse from the pacemaker should not be noticed by anyone.

What happens when the pacemaker battery becomes low?

The battery of your pacemaker will be monitored through routine follow-up. A pacemaker battery lasts about five to seven years. When the battery becomes low, you will be notified and scheduled for a replacement of the pacemaker generator. Replacement of the pacemaker generator is generally a simple outpatient procedure. Your electrophysiologist will open the pacemaker skin pocket and unplug the leads. The leads will be tested to make sure they function properly. After testing, the leads are connected to the new pacemaker generator, and the pocket is closed. The entire operation often takes less than an hour.

Can a pacemaker prevent a heart attack?

No, a pacemaker cannot prevent a heart attack. A heart attack is due to a blockage in the blood flow to the heart.

How long does a pacemaker last?

A pacemaker battery usually lasts about five to seven years. The life of a pacemaker is based on how frequently the device is used and the amount of battery it takes to make the heart beat. The pacemaker leads can last for 10 to 18 years.

Does a pacemaker treat other heart rhythm abnormalities like atrial fibrillation, or can it shock my heart like a defibrillator?

Pacemakers do not treat rapid rhythms from the top chamber of the heart, such as atrial fibrillation. Likewise, they do not treat rapid rhythms from the bottom chamber of the heart, such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. A pacemaker does not shock the heart like a defibrillator.

What items can interact with my pacemaker?

There is no interaction between a microwave and a pacemaker. The likelihood of adverse interactions when using your cell phone is quite low. However, we do recommend talking on the opposite side of your pacemaker when using your cell phone.

When going through airport security, it is important to notify the security personnel that you have a pacemaker. They may ask you to show them the defibrillator card, and we recommend that you ask to be hand-searched.

A pacemaker may be sensitive to anti-theft systems often found in stores and public libraries. These systems will not adversely affect the pacemaker if you walk through them in a normal manner without lingering.

Arc welding or other devices that can emit electronic magnetic signals can interfere with pacemakers. If you have hobbies or your work involves interaction with devices that can emit large magnetic fields or electromagnetic interference, it is best that you discuss this with your physician before returning to work.

We do not recommend that an MRI be performed on patients who have a pacemaker.

How can you alter the settings on my pacemaker?

Pacemaker settings can be changed through use of a handheld device. The device is placed on top of your pacemaker and reprograms it. This is a painless process.

Pacemakers: What They Do

When a person’s heart beats too slowly or irregularly because of electrical issues, a pacemaker may be used. Sitaramesh Emani, MD, a cardiologist at Ohio State’s Wexner Medical Center, explains that a pacemaker is essentially a backup electrical system that ensures the heart stays in proper rhythm. While there are a variety of pacemaker options available, Dr.Emani says they are becoming increasingly “smarter,” so that they are only used when needed and may actually help strengthen the heart.

What is a pacemaker interrogation?

Julie Mease, APRN-CNP, a cardiovascular nurse at The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center describes a pacemaker interrogation and what you can expect as this test is performed. A pacemaker interrogation is a routine evaluation that allows your physician to check the programming of your device and confirm it is functioning appropriately.

Pacemaker Implanted Directly in Heart

Ohio State was one of the first in the country to implant a tiny, high-tech pacemaker, only 24 millimeters long, directly into the heart of patients, without surgery.

Our Providers

Share this Page

We'll use your email to contact you about this request. View Terms of Use.
Email me tips for healthy living and other helpful information from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
I'd also like to request an appointment to see a heart specialist at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Please call me.


text:
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Client Information Center

Weinlander Fitzhugh - Certified Public Accountants & Consultants
Previous Profile Next ProfileShannon L. Wilson, CPAprofile-linkedinThis email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Since joining WF in January 1999, Shannon has performed extensive work for municipalities, townships, school districts and nonprofit organizations. She specializes in audit and review, tax preparation and planning, and business consulting services. In October 2001, Shannon was promoted to Senior Accountant and in 2006, she took the position of Manager. She was named Partner in October of 2012.

  • Central Michigan University: Bachelor of Business Administration

  • Rotary International District 6310 Treasurer
  • Treasurer of the Michigan Association for Gifted Children
  • Serves on the advisory committee for Mid Michigan Medical
  • Clare County Development Corporation Board Member

Are You Ready To learn more about how wf can help you?   Let's Start The Discussion