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A 13-year-old girl from the United States hauls the carcass of a bontebok back to camp in Eastern Cape, South Africa. She shot the antelope in 2010 and kept the skin and horns.

Trophy Hunting: Should We Kill Animals to Save Them?

Trophy hunting fees help fund conservation. Critics say the benefits are exaggerated and that killing big game animals is wrong.

This story was originally published in the October 2017 issue of National Geographic magazine. The people in this story agreed to be photographed on condition that their names be withheld.

Elephants kept appearing in wrinkled herds, loitering near the dusty pans, in search of water. With the September temperature pushing a hundred degrees at midday, the pachyderms were moving at the edge of the Kalahari Desert in Namibia in a community-run wildlife reserve, or conservancy, called Nyae Nyae, where roughly 2,800 San people live today in unyielding conditions.

The elephants left snapped branches and warm scat in their wake. When they caught our scent, our sweat mixing with the sun-scorched grasses, they broke into a trumpeting jog and were gone.

Later, more materialized on the horizon, in the shade of the camel thorn trees, shades themselves. For such enormous creatures, they were nearly invisible but to the sharpest eyes. And those eyes belonged now to Dam, a short, compact man, a tracker from the local San people who stood in the back of the Land Cruiser.

“Oliphant!” he cried, leaning hard over the right side of the vehicle, picking out tracks in the sand. He tapped on the door, and we came to a whiplashing halt. Dam jumped down, checking a footprint, its edges corrugated and etched inside with smaller bubbles. He motioned, and Felix Marnewecke, the professional hunter and guide on this expedition, popped out of the driver’s side door. Strapping, ruddy, and blond, in his 40s, he seemed straight from central casting, wearing a cloth hat and shorts. He stood over the impression for a moment, a quizzical expression on his face, and nodded his head in agreement. If Nyae Nyae’s desert scrub is home to San families, it is also home to some of the last, biggest wild elephants in the world. This footprint was proof.

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Surrounded by more than a hundred African game trophies in his home in Wilmington, Delaware, this hunter says the pursuit has been a passion since he was 12 years old. Hunting “sort of got into my blood,” he says, adding, “I’d like to think I’m a conservationist and a collector.”
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A hunter from Texas shot this rhino in 2010 on a game farm in Northern Cape, South Africa—with a tranquilizer dart. The sedated rhino, blindfolded to keep his eyes moist, later got a checkup from a veterinarian. Such hunts offer the thrill of the chase without the kill. A rule change in 2012 generally allows only veterinarians to fire tranquilizer darts; hunters can shoot darts containing vitamins.

The rest of us unloaded, followed by the tracker they only ever called the Old Man, another tracker in training, and one more San, who was acting as a “game guard” to make sure the hunt was conducted in accordance with the conservancy’s rules and quotas. Last to emerge in that swelter was the client himself, an American businessman, who opened the passenger door and reached up to the rack for his gun, a 12-pound, bespoke .470 Nitro Express double rifle. These guns, costing up to $200,000, are favored for big-game trophy hunting because of their stopping power, and this is what he was here for, of course—a trophy. Two of them, actually. An avid hunter whose adventures had led him to Central Asia to shoot Marco Polo sheep at 15,000 feet and to Africa to shoot a leopard, he was now back in Africa for elephants.

According to Marnewecke, the going rate for a 14-day, single elephant hunt is about $80,000. The trophy hunt limit of five elephants a year in Nyae Nyae represents real money to the San. A portion of the fee is paid directly to community members and to a fund for conservation projects to protect the area’s wildlife. As for the elephant trophies themselves, the client would take the tusks home, while the meat would all go to the San.

Marnewecke and his client—anonymous at his request, given the controversial nature of elephant hunts—hoisted their rifles over their shoulders and fell in behind Dam, who took off at the speed of a jackrabbit. Marnewecke turned to me and said, as I stumbled to keep up, “I swear, there’s no better tracker in Africa. If it takes 30 miles, he never gives up.”

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The head and skin of a lion, prepared for display by a taxidermy shop in South Africa, are boxed for shipment to the American who killed the animal in 2010. In response to dwindling numbers of lions in the wild and doubts about the conservation value of hunting them, the U.S. has since made it harder for hunters to import lion trophies.

From Charles Darwin and John James Audubon to Theodore Roosevelt and Ernest Hemingway, the most enlightened hunters have long viewed themselves as naturalists and conservationists, committed to sustainability among animal populations and the preservation of wild places where they stalk game. The linkage has become inextricable. Revenues of hundreds of millions in federal excise taxes levied on hunters go directly to wildlife management and related activities each year in the U.S. alone. And anyone who keeps a freezer full of venison is likely to tell you that the act of killing your own dinner in the wild is more humane than buying the plastic-wrapped meat of industrially raised livestock.

But trophy hunting today, especially of the so-called big five in Africa (elephant, lion, leopard, rhino, and Cape buffalo), brings with it a larger set of moral and financial questions. The sport killing of animals beleaguered in the wild can arouse fierce opposition, even more so if the animal—Cecil the Lion, for example—is named. Biologists estimated total losses of large mammals in protected areas on the continent at up to 60 percent between 1970 and 2005. As big game populations dwindle further under pressure from human encroachment, shifting climate norms, and widespread criminal poaching, there are hunters—the American client in Nyae Nyae, for one—who argue that a thoughtfully regulated and expensive hunt for bull elephants in their waning days makes a sustainable way to protect both species and habitat.

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On we went, following the footprints. Every so often Dam would retrace his steps, circling in the dust, until we slowed to a more careful crawl. Coming over a knoll, we saw them at last, Loxodonta africana—what seemed to be three bulls, munching on leaves and grass. Marnewecke reached for his binoculars, the American client took his rifle in hand. Everything narrowed to a nervous point. African elephants live to be 60 or 70, and the biggest tuskers usually are older than 45. Tusks are measured by weight, and anything estimated to be over 50 pounds is considered a “shooter” by hunters. The client was looking for something in the 70-plus-pound range, but in the end these elephants’ tusks were too small. Marnewecke made his determination, turned on his heel, and began walking back to the Land Cruiser. No one seemed disappointed exactly: It was almost enough to have stood in the suburbs of such magnificent creatures.

“The shooting is the last 5 percent of an elephant hunt,” Marnewecke said. “I feel quite shitty when an elephant dies, but those elephants pay for the conservation of the other 2,500 that move through here. Trophy hunting is the best economic model we have in Africa right now.” It was an argument I’d soon hear other hunters make and a host of activists and biologists tear apart. “In the end it may save this place—and the elephants too.”

Standing in the heat and dust of the Kalahari that bright day, elephants at our back, I couldn’t help but wonder: Is that really how this works? Can you really kill five elephants to save 2,500? Or start from the other side: Why kill one at all?

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Cecil the Lion nuzzles a lioness in 2012, three years before Minnesota dentist Walter Palmer killed him outside Zimbabwe’s Hwange National Park. The cat’s death sparked an international outcry and greater scrutiny of hunting for the heads, skins, or other body parts of wild animals.

Seen from the air Africa can appear as an illusion, rich velds and dramatic rifts, wide deserts and thundering rivers, these seemingly vast stretches of unfettered, unpopulated wild ostensibly forgotten by time and people. At a glance it could be a repository for all our ideas about wilderness at its wildest. And yet today no patch here goes unclaimed, whether it’s marked, monetized, or fought over. The animals that roam the land have become commodified, part of a new consumerism, marketed and sold, their brands pitted against each other, their continued existence now a question of human demand, whim, and calculation. Wild game is the continent’s version of crude oil—and it too will run out someday.

Trophy hunting—the killing of big game for a set of horns or tusks, a skin, or a taxidermied body—has burgeoned into a billion-dollar, profit-driven industry, overseen in some cases by corrupt governments. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa allow trophy hunting, with varying degrees of transparency and control, establishing yearly quotas meant to reflect the status of species and creating exclusions for highly vulnerable populations. South Africa, for instance, no longer allows hunting of leopards. Kenya has banned trophy hunting outright since 1977, and in Botswana, a comparatively wildlife-rich country, a temporary ban in government-controlled hunting areas went into effect in 2014.

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This kudu offered good meat for children living in Namibia’s Nyae Nyae Conservancy. Village elders gathered to dance in celebration of the bounty after a German hunter shot the massive bull in 2016. For trophy species, the conservancy charges the hunt outfitter an overall fee, some of which benefits villagers, who also keep the meat. The clients take home the trophy parts.

Africa once seemed to have “an inexhaustible supply of nature,” says American lion biologist Craig Packer, who has lived and worked on the continent for more than 40 years. But, he says, from 30,000 feet you would see that the habitats are shrinking. “Lions really are becoming more of an endangered species, and hunters should really not shoot these animals for sport unless they can provide positive evidence that they’re having a salutary effect on lion conservation.”

Biologists make the same argument against the hunting of other big game, including elephants, whose numbers across the continent have fallen sharply in recent years. Demand for rhino horn, elephant ivory, and lion bones, especially in Asia, has ignited a scourge of poaching. But the issue remains complicated, with some place-specific animal populations, such as the elephants of Nyae Nyae, thriving where there’s trophy hunting.

“If you get rid of those conservancies in Namibia,” Packer says, “you’d probably get rid of all the wildlife and be left with cattle.” He says he and other biologists “are concerned with populations, and that’s an abstraction. That’s where the real conflict with the animal-rights organizations comes, because in their mind, Fifi must never die. That’s where the biologists can sound pretty heartless and cold.” For Packer, saving an individual animal misses the point; what’s crucial is protecting genetically viable populations as a whole. “I’m not against hunting. There’s got to be a middle ground,” he says. In his estimation, though, that middle ground isn’t exactly in the middle: He believes that trophy hunting is of marginal value as a large-scale conservation tool in Africa.

On the other hand, hunters and government officials often cite a hotly contested estimate by the Safari Club International Foundation, a pro-hunting group with the stated goal of promoting conservation and education, that the roughly 18,000 trophy hunters who come to southern and eastern Africa each year contribute $436 million to the region’s GDP. The Humane Society International says the amount for that region is at most $132 million, or .03 percent of GDP.

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The Price on Their Heads The cost of trophy hunts in Africa varies widely by country and animal. In addition to an outfitter’s daily rate, the overall cost can include fees to governments and landowners and money for community development support and antipoaching measures.

In a 2013 op-ed in the New York Times countering the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s proposal to list lions as a threatened species, making it more difficult for Americans to hunt them, the Tanzanian wildlife director, Alexander Songorwa, stated that hunters on 21-day lion safaris paid government fees of up to $10,000 and pumped $75 million into the economy from 2008 to 2011. Packer says the 120,000 square miles of hunting areas in Tanzania need $600 million in investment every year, “and you’re not going to get that shooting lions for $10,000.”

For some, the hunting-antihunting debate boils down to Western environmentalists trying to dictate their agenda to Africa—a form of neocolonialism, as Marnewecke puts it. “Who gives anybody the right, sitting in another continent, to preach to us how we should manage our wildlife?” Hunters make the point that with all the outfitters paying to operate in conservancies and with trophy hunters paying fees for the game they shoot, hunting indeed has made significant financial contributions to the continent, and to habitat protection, while all that antihunting forces have done is make noise.

As for what happens to the hunters’ fees, that is notoriously hard to pin down—and impossible in kleptocracies. And anyway, Packer says, when it comes to funding lion conservation, “it’s such an underwhelming amount generated by sport hunting, it’s no wonder that despite years of lion hunting being allowed in these countries, the lion population has plummeted.” The International Union for Conservation of Nature, which monitors animal populations, reports that the number of lions in five populations in Tanzania fell by two-thirds from 1993 to 2014.

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Villagers in Zimbabwe shared the meat of this elephant, shot in 2009 by an American hunter. They were participants in CAMPFIRE, a program of long standing in which rural groups sell access to their wildlife in return for some of the profit. Once a model of its kind, CAMPFIRE now gets mixed reviews: Too often the money earmarked for communities doesn’t reach them or get spent on local improvements.

Yet hunters say they’ve helped fund everything from health clinics to schools to water wells to boots-on-the-ground assistance against poachers, all while leaving a lighter footprint on the land than the often cited alternative to killing game: wildlife-watching in the form of photographic safaris. The UN World Tourism Organization estimated that 35.4 million international tourists visited sub-Saharan Africa in 2015 and spent $24.5 billion. Operations designed to attract a higher-end clientele that craves a warm shower, big meal, and cool drink at the end of the day require infrastructure and equipment, maybe including a fleet of vehicles.

There’s a danger, some hunters argue, that too many tourists will spoil the very experience they’re seeking. “The Serengeti is amazing,” says Natasha Illum-Berg, a Swedish-born professional buffalo hunter based in Tanzania, who, like Marnewecke, leads clients into the bush for “hunting experiences” and trophies. “The Ngorongoro Crater is a miracle. All these national parks that are filled with minibus after minibus of photographic tourists—it’s fantastic,” she says, noting that the minibuses also put pressure on those iconic wildlands. “But what about the other areas?” she says. “How many people have been to the area I work in, that’s 500 square miles? This year maybe 20 people.” Without trophy hunting, Illum-Berg argues, there would be no antipoaching there, no management. “I keep on saying: Give me a better idea than hunting as long as it’s sustainable.” She adds, “The big question in the end is, ‘Who’s going to pay for the party?’ ”

The earliest evidence of an elephant having been killed by human hands dates back to a blue-mud swamp in Siberia nearly 14,000 years ago. The spine of a woolly mammoth found at the confluence of the Ob and Irtysh Rivers seems to have been penetrated by a man-made weapon that left flake traces of stone inside one of the vertebrae. The tusks, we might imagine, weren’t displayed in a trophy room back at the hunter’s cave.

But hunting is more than a quid pro quo for sustenance. At some moment in our dawning consciousness, hunting became equated with status, virility, and power. Assyrian carvings from 650 B.C. depict lions being released from cages for slaughter by a chariot-riding king. The Maasai have long killed lions as a rite of passage.

With the advent of better weaponry, hunting also evolved as a sport, one with class stratifications, micro-cultures, and occasional egregious examples of waste. In records from 1760 for Snyder County, Pennsylvania, two hunters shot more than a thousand animals, including black bears, mountain lions, bobcats, wolves, foxes, bison, elk, deer, wolverines, and thousands more smaller creatures, dressing some of the animals and throwing most of the carcasses into a bonfire.

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A giraffe lies crumpled on a game farm in Eastern Cape, felled by a hunter in 2010. Habitat loss and illegal poaching have made giraffes vulnerable to extinction, but in South Africa—where their numbers are increasing—hunting them is legal. Some hunters want a giraffe-skin rug to show off, others the animal itself, taxidermied upright for display in a room with a high ceiling.

Theologians were among the first to criticize such wasteful butchery. By the late 1700s an anonymous British hunter had penned The Sportsman’s Companion, or An Essay on Shooting, advocating fair chase and setting forth “directions to gentlemen” in the field and forest, including limiting the number of game animals killed. Those rules were expanded and refined during the next century. In 1887 Teddy Roosevelt founded the Boone and Crockett Club, a group of influential American hunters who were worried about preserving swaths of their country’s wilderness and became instrumental in building the U.S. National Park System.

In 1934 at the Norfolk Hotel in Nairobi, Kenya, some white hunters established the East African Professional Hunters’ Association. It promulgated a kind of honor code and pushed for laws and regulations, including a ban on shooting nearly all female animals and on shooting animals at water holes or near vehicles. While the members worked to conserve hunting grounds, they also eliminated huge amounts of game from the continent. Today technology has taken a quantum leap forward, with drones, video of the hunt, and high-powered rifles equipped with laser range finders.

Meanwhile “kill shots”—images of hunters posed with their dead quarry—have created viral sensations and stirred animal-rights activists and the general public to fulsome disgust. People were inflamed when Minneapolis dentist Walter Palmer hunted and killed Cecil, the popular lion from Zimbabwe, in June 2015. Controversy resurfaced in July 2017 when Cecil’s son Xanda was shot on a legal trophy hunt.

With more than half the planet’s population living in cities, our relationship with the wild has become increasingly divorced from our everyday reality. We’re now less a part of that wild world from rain forest to veld than consumers of it. Yet if we eat meat or wear and use leather products, we too are hunters of a sort.

Within the hunting community our hurry-up, have-it-all mentality—our ceaseless consumptive entitlement—has begun to manifest itself in troubling ways. Eschewing the time and cost of an African trophy hunt involving fair chase, some hunters have turned to canned hunting—the killing of often habituated animals in confined areas—baited hunting, herding animals with helicopters, or the shooting of their prey from the back of Land Cruisers. In Tanzania there have been reports of foreign hunters gunning down animals, including pregnant females, with AK-47s. In a hunting area called Loliondo that the government has leased long term to officials from the United Arab Emirates, local Maasai have reported transport jets leaving with game of all variety, dead and alive. Social scientists writing recently in the journal Biology Letters describe a kill-and-tell generation of hunters exhibiting “show-off behavior” by propagating their own kill shots on social media, sometimes in poses that undermine the dignity of the animal whose life they’ve just taken.

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A hunter carries the pelt of a mountain lion he shot this year in southern Utah. Winter is prime hunting season because the cats are easier to track on snowy ground. Each season the state sets a hunt quota, a number determined in part by how many livestock lions killed the year before. In 2016 they killed 416 sheep and other farm animals, and during the 2016-17 season hunters took 399 lions.

In South Africa, which has some 2,000 wild lions, canned lion hunting has grown into a more than $100 million industry, with in excess of 200 facilities raising about 6,000 of the big cats for easy killing. According to Ian Michler, a South African safari operator and photographer who investigated the canned lion industry for the 2015 documentary Blood Lions, the animals are caged and bred sometimes under terrible conditions. The young are taken from their mothers and brought to petting zoos. When male lions grow into adulthood, many are shot and killed for “hunting” fees that are much lower than the cost for a wild lion on a standard 21-day hunt ($5,000 to $15,000, versus $50,000 and up). And the trophy is virtually guaranteed. “It’s appalling,” Michler says. “It’s perverse behavior.”

Canned hunting has another deleterious effect. While hunters happily take the pelt and head, and the claws and teeth once were sold in the tourist shops of Nairobi and Zanzibar, today the bones are most in demand—shipped to Asia either to produce traditional medicines or to be repackaged as “tiger bone wine,” made from crushed bones and Chinese herbs and marketed to the upper class as a health tonic and aphrodisiac. This year South Africa authorized the export of up to 800 lion skeletons, and the worry among biologists, conservation groups, and animal-rights activists is that by legitimizing and allowing the trade, the country is spurring more demand for lion bones and more killing of the continent’s remaining 20,000 or so wild lions.

As it turns out, some of the most vocal critics of these hunting practices are hunters themselves.

“If we are not able to convince the majority of people that hunting is morally in order,” says Kai-Uwe Denker, a renowned professional hunter in Namibia, “there is no future for us.” In the face of bad publicity and bad behavior, some hunters have fallen back on an economic argument—that their presence in Africa provides jobs, that it’s a viable strategy for poverty alleviation. But Denker disagrees. “I see a very big danger in promoting only the financial side. Livelihoods, income generation, job creation—this is an additional thing. You cannot justify immoral things with money.”

When I met Denker in a valley in the Erongo Mountains, where he lives 25 miles off the grid in a house he built, he lamented the intrusion of humans on the African landscape. According to him, hunting, when done properly, brings you into “a conversation with your own death.” As we spoke in the shaded portico, the sun flashed off a blanched elephant skull set nearby, and the wind stirred the acacia, blowing away a certain noon deadness that often grips the desert. Time seemed to bend to the prehistoric. Tall and slender, wearing a torn shirt and short shorts, Denker is legendary for walking up to 40 miles in a day of hunting. He also abides by a strict set of principles that includes hunting game, such as elephant and kudu, that have unfenced free range in historic habitat and shooting only older nonreproductive animals without fixating on large trophies.

“Many of the antihunters, they criticize hunting as perverted,” Denker said. “Hunting as such is not perverted. It’s in our genes. If hunting is immoral,” he continued, “I will stop immediately. But it will be the end of nature.”

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Game ranches in the U.S. feature dozens of exotic species, from zebras and yaks to scimitar-horned oryx, which are extinct in the wild. A 15-year-old novice gets field training at FTW Ranch, in Barksdale, Texas, in 2016. The boy later shot an aoudad, or Barbary sheep, which he skinned, cleaned, and prepared for meat processing.

If it pays, it stays. It was a phrase I heard over and over again, in myriad discussions about African conservation, in part to describe how money has changed the mind-set of rural populations regarding the value of big game. Too often people have seen an elephant destroy their annual crop, and some have known the pain of a lurking lion taking a child for food. Here there’s no mythologizing or fetishizing, no fund-raising around a fuzzy face: The leopard is a killer, the rhino is a ruiner. To protect themselves against the enemy, villagers often shoot and poison these intruders, without an iota of sentimentality. And yet, the argument goes, if those animals are worth money to a local community, that community will work hard to conserve and protect its assets.

This is something I witnessed firsthand. My time in the Kalahari coincided with Nyae Nyae’s annual game count, in which 50 or so San camped for three nights at various water holes, trying to account for the number of animals within 3,500 square miles of sand, bush, and baobab trees.

As fragile as it is, Nyae Nyae might be called a conditional success story, in part because the hunt quotas have been methodically monitored and increased over the years. On occasion cattle have threatened to overrun the conservancy, but the big game have returned, and the menu of animals offered to hunters includes leopard, kudu, and wildebeest, with prices set by a management committee of five members of the conservancy. Profits are shared communally: Last year each adult over 18 in Nyae Nyae was issued about $70. “We have enough,” the chief, Bobo Tsamkxao, told me as he sat in his yard in front of a disintegrating house, his wives sitting in a row among children and litter. The arrangement also requires that the professional hunter employ and train local people and contribute toward development projects such as schools and health clinics.

Nyae Nyae became Namibia’s first conservancy, locally owned and run, in 1998. Every five years the conservancy is put up for tender, with professional hunters offering bids to the San for the right to establish an on-site operation. Last year the winning bid was more than $400,000, a rich number in large part because the elephants have become so big and valuable. The professionals sell hunting packages to clients to recoup the tender offer, cover expenses, and make a profit. Many operate on more than one conservancy; some string together enough to build their own little fiefdoms.

When I was there, in September 2016, Marnewecke had just learned that he’d been outbid and would lose his Nyae Nyae operation by season’s end. “I’ll miss the San,” he said, but he had another conservancy to the north that would keep him busy. What worried him most was the Jenga-like fragility of Nyae Nyae, and that irresponsible people might come with their own selfish designs—crisscrossing the conservancy with new roads and upsetting the equilibrium.

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A pair of hunters weigh a black bear shot in Maine in 2016. The bear had been baited, a practice that involves placing caches of food to draw the animals to a particular spot in the forest before the hunting season begins. In Maine the numbers of bears, which are not endangered, have been rising. Mainers recently rejected a proposal to ban baiting and hunting with dogs.

While Namibia has turned wildlife management over to the local population, governments in places such as Tanzania have taken an opposite tack, directly owning and leasing hunting grounds. Critics say that no country should be in the business of selling and profiting from dead animals. When coffers run low and funds are needed, they say, hunting quotas get raised without regard for the animals’ population numbers. And in those hunting areas where funds aren’t reinvested, there’s no wildlife left to hunt. That could explain how 40 percent of Tanzania’s designated hunting areas have been emptied of game animals during recent decades. A promotional video that surfaced in 2014 shows a hunting company, Green Mile Safari, guiding hunters from the United Arab Emirates on a disturbing shooting party. The minister of tourism and natural resources said the party violated a host of laws by, among other things, firing automatic weapons, hunting female and young animals, and allowing a minor to hunt. The government banned Green Mile from conducting hunts in Tanzania in 2014 but reissued the company’s license last year, leading to accusations of corruption. No arrests were made, and Green Mile claims that the guide was at fault.

In the Selous Game Reserve ecosystem, a prized trophy hunting destination, aerial surveys estimate the elephant population at some 15,000, down from perhaps 50,000 as recently as 2009. “Why has the Selous been such a killing field?” says Katarzyna Nowak, a conservation scientist associated with the University of the Free State, Qwaqwa, in South Africa. “If hunters are coming in from all around the world, and you’re really pumping money earned from trophies back into the Selous for conservation and antipoaching, where have all the elephants gone?”

Craig Packer sees the conservation of African wildlife in practical terms: If hunters were shooting lions “for a million dollars and returning a million per lion directly into management, they would be on solid ground. But lions are shot for tens of thousands of dollars, and very little of that money goes back to conservation.” With two billion dollars a year we could save and protect the wildlife in Africa’s national parks, Packer says. But that would have to come from international partners such as the World Bank, eco-philanthropists, and nongovernmental organizations.

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Rise of the White Rhinos Nearly extinct in South Africa a century ago, southern white rhinos rebounded thanks to conservation efforts, limited trophy hunting, and the harvesting of horns, which regrow. But with a recent surge in poaching, those rebounding numbers are leveling off. White rhinos are considered “near threatened”—they could face a high risk of extinction if conservation came to a halt.

Some trophy hunters say it’s not fair to blame them. Make of their sport what you will, they don’t set the fees or determine the quotas. And they can’t control endemic corruption in some countries, even if they indirectly feed it. Some claim to share the concerns of environmentalists who see collapsing habitats and dwindling populations. Kevin Reid, a big-game ranch owner in Texas, says he raises endangered African species not only for the sport of trophy hunters but also to create “a seed vault of animals,” including oryx and white rhinos, to help rewild Africa once its problems have been sorted. “We’re trying to reverse extinction,” Reid says. In the never ending ironies of the issue, though, the near extinction of African elephants, rhinos, and lions comes today courtesy of the barrel of a gun.

Perhaps, then, it boils down to another set of questions: In light of who we’ve become as a species, what new form has nature taken, and what new rules might be practiced there? Might we owe it to the natural world, after bunging it up so badly, to act differently—less acquisitively, more generously—toward it? Might it now be time to stop killing the dwindling herds for sport and display? Or, perhaps more difficult to ponder: Will these trophies be all we have left someday, tokens of a wild nature we once knew?

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Hunters bring the first whitetailed deer of the regular firearms hunting season to a market in Jerome, Michigan. Before the deer are butchered, some will be hung along a “buck pole” to see who bagged the largest animal. Unlike trophy hunting in Africa, where big game expeditions cost tens of thousands of dollars, deer hunting in the U.S. is pursued widely. In Michigan alone, nearly 600,000 people hunt deer.

On the 12th day of the elephant hunt in Nyae Nyae, in the rising heat of the day, Dam, the tracker, picked up the marks of three bulls moving together. Once Marnewecke and his client saw the elephants from a mile away, they knew they were big and approached them from downwind so as not to be detected. Two of the bulls were in front of them, but the largest and oldest stood apart and behind. So they maneuvered out around the others and came up on the third as he began to walk toward a clump of brush. The client crouched low on one side as the old bull—sagging and on his sixth molars, half ground down already, which means he was well on in the last season of his life—unwittingly ate on the other side.

Would killing an old bull like this one help save all those other elephants in Nyae Nyae?

Old bulls, says Caitlin O’Connell, a biologist and elephant researcher focused on how the animals communicate, are a font of wisdom, deciding when and where the herd will move in search of water, imposing an order on pachyderm society. “Contrary to myth, elephant bulls are very social creatures,” she says. “They move in groups of up to 15, and they maintain a strict hierarchy. The older bulls exert a very important regulatory impact on the herd and an emotional-social influence on the younger bulls.” Younger bulls in musth, a heightened state of aggression during which testosterone levels can be 10 times as high as normal, will be more likely to fight each other when an older bull is absent.

At 15 yards, the client could see every wrinkle draping the elephant. He aimed his 12-pound double rifle with its hand-engraved silver stock and fired directly at the heart. The bull turned and began to run, 30 yards before it fell. The client put one more shot in the brain, and it was done. The tusks weighed out at more than 70 pounds each. Within six hours the carcass had been stripped by the San, who took roughly three tons of meat for their families.

Two days later the hunting party found another big bull. The client fired a shot, bringing it down—but then, as another bull gave chase, he and Marnewecke ran for at least half a mile before the elephant lost interest in them. Eventually the process repeated: the flensing of the skin, the stripping of the bone, the feeding of families. With that elephant, Marnewecke’s quota for the year was filled. His client flew home; the tusks of the two elephants would follow, destined for his trophy room back in America.

I thought about those tusks in the weeks that followed, possessions now, totems of a fraught accomplishment. They were all that was left of two 15,000-pound sentient beings. Which brought me to Bobo Tsamkxao, the San chief, and his wives and children, and how they and others in the community would eat from those animals. And how they would receive money, at least indirectly, from those animals as well. But something still seemed askew: a paying client killing a vulnerable animal to feed the San or conserve Nyae Nyae’s land. Even if hunting is in our genes, as Denker said, the essential question remained: Was it moral to kill such an imperiled creature at this moment in our history?

After the hunters had packed up, the herds—sometimes called a “parade” of elephants, or even a “memory” of elephants—searched for water in temporary peace, unaware that another season would bring another group of hunters. We must imagine: Memories of elephants wandering all that contested space, some already with price tags on their head, there for us as things of wonder.

Michael Paterniti, a contributing writer at the New York Times Magazine and a correspondent for GQ magazine, is at work on a book about the North Pole. David Chancellor has spent years documenting the complex relationship between hunters and their prey. This is his first story for National Geographic.


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Roughneck's story is not so straight up.

excerpt: As for Mr. Hancock himself, he suggested in a Sept. 21 Facebook post that the campaign would likely soon turn to attacks on Alberta Premier Rachel Notley: “There is lots of stuff going on politically in the next 6 weeks that’s in the works and it’s got Notley in its crosshairs,” he stated.

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‘Bernard the Roughneck’ campaign has been in preparation for months, may soon target Rachel Notley

Roughneck also examined here:

Mike: I am a subscriber because you are doing a fantastic job of investigative reporting. I am very concerned about the concentration of newspapers in the hands of Postmedia and Rupert Murdoch. The National Observer is essential to freeing the press from corporate bias and influence.

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I subscribed last year and will continue to support your important work. Thank you for what you do.

I have subscribed Mike. Wishing you all the best!

I subscribed earlier this week. Good investigative journalism is important in a democracy.

I am both a subscriber and a donor to the National Observer. Before reading National Observer and a few other publications I believe that Canada could not be a democracy because the mainstream media is controlled by a few extremely wealthy people and does not produce informative coverage of virtually any important event. Reading the National Observer has given me hope that we may eventually get an adequate percentage of the media producing real information on which voters can make decisions rather than the current situation where the mainstream media both press send electronic is filled largely with the propaganda of the 1%.

In a representative democracy citizens must have good information in order to make intelligent voting decisions. Organizations like the national post and its sister papers are extremely biased in favor of those who control society and as such can contribute nothing to democracy in Canada.

I regret that the article did not include the name of the intellectual and ethical prostitute who took $10,000 to do a hatchet job and pretend it was an independent article.

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Natural Awakenings Boston

Perfect Pet Presents: Safe and Eco-Smart Toys

New Africa/

by Julie Peterson

The pet aisles are so full of squeaking, plush and colorful toys it can make a dog or cat parent’s head spin like a Frisbee. Add blinking lights, flavors, promises of higher intelligence or cleaner teeth; then toss in concerns about sustainably sourced materials, potentially toxic ingredients and varying degrees of quality. The choices are complex.

It would be nice to look for that gold seal of approval from the Pet Toy Regulatory Agency. But don’t bother: There is no such thing. It’s all up to the consumer to figure it out.

The Problem Is Real

Concern regarding toxicants in children’s toys and the realization that they posed a risk of chemical exposure led to regulatory protections. “Similar safeguards do not exist for pets, even though they exhibit similar chewing and mouthing behaviors,” says Philip N. Smith, Ph.D., associate professor of terrestrial ecotoxicology at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. “Owner education is key to limiting unintentional chemical exposure.”

According to a 2013 study co-authored by Smith and published in the journal Chemosphere, common endocrine-disrupting chemical toxins in plastics can enter a dog’s body through saliva. Concentrations of leachable chemicals can increase in older, degraded toys, according to the National Institutes of Health.

For anyone that has ever had a pet destroy a toy faster than it takes to calculate the cost per second, durable construction may be the highest concern. After all, if the toy is vigorously ripped to shreds, pieces may be swallowed. The most immediate issue becomes intestinal blockage.

This is a common problem for cats and dogs with a propensity to eat garbage, plants and holiday decorations. But when we spend good money on actual toys, we would like to think that it won’t lead to surgery. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee. Poorly constructed toys have required many pet owners to watch for the parts to pass through the animal or, worse yet, make a trip to the vet.

Even if a toy seems sturdy, it’s best to observe the animal with the toy. Charlotte Easterling, a graphic designer in Madison, Wisconsin, learned this from her cat, Hazel, who choked on a common cat toy. “She was playing with a glitter ball and then started meowing kind of frantically, scrambling around and pawing at her face. I jumped up and pulled the ball out of her mouth,” recalls Easterling. Hazel only gets big glitter balls these days.

A New Generation Spurs Change

The American Pet Products Association (APPA) National Pet Owners Survey provides insight into the demographics, buying habits and other traits of dog, cat, bird, small animal, reptile, fish and horse owners. The 2019-2020 survey shows that about 85 million U.S. homes, or 67 percent, include a pet. This leads to a lot of money flowing into the pet toy and care community.

Annually, dog owners spend about $124 and cat owners spend about $89 on treats and toys. The survey also indicates that Millennials are the largest pet-owning demographic.

“The pet care community is doing a great job of meeting the demands of a new generation by offering a range of products made from sustainable, recycled and upcycled materials,” says Steve King, CEO of APPA, in Stamford, Connecticut. King notes it’s expected that as Gen Z pet owners begin to assert themselves in the marketplace, we will see more products based on sustainability and transparency.

Shopping for Safety

Experts offer some guidelines for ways consumers can choose harmless toys:
  •  Be suspicious of toys manufactured overseas or cheap ones made in the U.S.
  •  Contact the manufacturer and ask if toys contain phthalates, BPA, arsenic, bromine, chemical dyes, chromium or formaldehyde.
  •  Look for toys made with ingredients from nature (hemp, leather or wool).
  •  Find a pet supply store that has natural, safe and sustainably sourced products.
  •  Inspect toys periodically for loose parts and watch the pet with new toys.
  •  If a pet plays with a toy and then acts oddly, contact the vet.

Julie Peterson writes from rural Wisconsin. Connect at [email protected]
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Statin drugs

New study: Statin TV commercials have serious side effects (no joke!)

Sunday, March 10, 2013 by: Sherry Baker, Health Sciences Editor
Tags: statin drugs, TV commercials, side effects

Most Viewed Articles

(NaturalNews) Watching television commercials funded by Big Pharma to promote statin drugs could injure your health. Sound crazy? Read on.

A new study by Dr. Jeff Niederdeppe from Cornell University and colleagues concludes that TV ads appear to drive over-diagnosis of high cholesterol and over-treatment with statins. In fact, if you go to your doctor and ask about statins you've seen advertised on TV, the odds are great you'll walk out with a prescription for the drugs - whether you really need it or not.

So what's the danger? The class of cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins has been shown to have potentially serious side effects including muscle pain, neurological disorders, rashes and liver problems. And while the drugs have been proven to reduce LDL (the "bad" cholesterol), the jury is still out on whether they actually play a role in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease.

For their new study, which was just published online in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, Niederdeppe and colleagues investigated whether exposure to direct-to-consumer statin advertising was linked to high cholesterol diagnosis and statin use among men and women at high, moderate, or low risk for future cardiac events.

The research team looked at how many times 106,685 American adults were potentially exposed to commercials for statin drugs on national, cable and local television between 2001-2007. They also collected data on whether these people reported being diagnosed with high cholesterol and whether or not they had taken a statin drug in the prior year. They compiled information on the study's participants' risk factors for coronary heart disease, too.

The results suggest that those adults exposed to statin ads were 16 to 20 percent more likely to be diagnosed with high cholesterol, and 16 to 22 percent more likely to be using statins. What's more, the chances of receiving both a diagnosis of high cholesterol and increased statin use was driven almost exclusively by men and women at low risk for future cardiac events.

"Our findings raise questions about the extent to which direct-to-consumer advertising may promote over-diagnosis and over-treatment for populations where risks may outweigh potential benefits. In addition, we found no evidence of favorable associations between exposure to statins in television advertisements and statin use among those at high risk for future cardiac events," the researchers concluded in their study.

Statins are currently the most widely prescribed drugs in the U.S. although numerous studies have found increasing downsides to these supposed "magic bullets" for artery clogging cholesterol. As Natural News previously reported, for example, a study led by F.W. Fraunfelder, MD, of the Casey Eye Institute of Oregon Health and Science University, was the first to systematically report on eye disorders - double vision (diplopia), drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis), and loss of full range of motion of the eyes (ophthalmoplegia) - in people taking statins. And scientists from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine published a review paper of nearly 900 research studies on statins that concluded statins may predispose many people to serious muscle and kidney problems, potentially deadly heart arrhythmias and a host of other health problems.

About the author:
Sherry Baker is a widely published writer whose work has appeared in Newsweek, Health, the Atlanta Journal and Constitution, Yoga Journal, Optometry, Atlanta, Arthritis Today, Natural Healing Newsletter, OMNI, UCLA''''s "Healthy Years" newsletter, Mount Sinai School of Medicine''''s "Focus on Health Aging" newsletter, the Cleveland Clinic''''s "Men''''s Health Advisor" newsletter and many others.

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Blood pressure management

Herbs for effective blood pressure management

Wednesday, October 09, 2013 by: Sandeep Godiyal
Tags: blood pressure management, herbal therapies, hypertension

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(NaturalNews) One in three adults in the United States today has high blood pressure, medically referred to as hypertension. However, lots of people are not even aware they have this condition, simply because it has no warning signs and symptoms. It is typically caused by improper diet, smoking and alcohol abuse. When high blood pressure occurs along with increased levels of blood sugar and cholesterol, it could cause severe damage to the vital organs of the body. Nevertheless, this is now easy to detect and manage clinically and naturally.

Studies have indicated that smoking a cigarette can elevate one's blood pressure for half an hour. Diet comprised mostly of fat and no exercise can result in high levels of cholesterol, which can lead to blood vessels becoming narrow due to fatty deposits. When this occurs, the heart will have more difficulty in pumping and circulating blood to the rest of the body. Chronic hypertension that is not properly managed can eventually lead to different outcomes such as stroke, heart attack and other heart ailments.

Conventional medicines for hypertension

Like other medicines today, medications used to manage hypertension may have certain side effects that need to be carefully monitored or treated as well when they occur. This means more drugs to take and more side effects that will need to be properly managed.

Natural remedies for hypertension

These treatments work efficiently as conventional medications. A lot of individuals were able to manage their blood pressure problems well by simply adapting a healthier lifestyle - cutting down on vices, eating healthy foods and engaging in a regular exercise routine.

Herbs for hypertension

Herbs are also beneficial in treating hypertension. They actually help in the prevention of high blood pressure and lowering or maintaining its levels. If you are clinically diagnosed with this condition, you will likely be given a prescription. However, there are other natural means to manage high blood pressure. These include:
  • Gotu kola (Hydrocotyle asiatica)
  • Garlic (Allium sativum)
  • Cayenne pepper
  • Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)
  • Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
  • Mistletoe
  • Ginseng
  • Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
  • Hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha)
  • Coleus
  • Rauwolfia (Rauwolfia serpentina)
  • Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
  • Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
  • Kelp (Fucus vesiculosus)
  • Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
  • Stinging nettle
  • Black cohosh
  • Hyssop
  • Bayberry
An excellent example of an herb that has helped numerous people manage their high blood pressure is garlic. Like other herbs, it contains a number of compounds that can provide health benefits. Garlic helps in reducing fat in the body, can break up the accumulation of cholesterol on the arteries and clears out plaque that developed in the blood vessels. At the same time, it also lowers blood pressure and helps to improve the body's defense against pathogens.

Magnesium is another natural substance that facilitates the regulation of vital mineral components, including sodium and potassium, in the blood.

Other benefits of herbs

A lot of herbs used to manage blood pressure facilitate regulated flow of blood in the entire body system.

Others can lower blood pressure by eliminating mucoid substance from arteries in the bronchus.

They can calm down the nervous system, eradicating tension and anxiousness, which have been proven to be major causes of the onset of hypertension.

They are rich in calcium and minerals which assist in the maintenance of the heart and blood vessels.

Herbs are proven effective alternative therapies. However, hypertension can be a severe condition if not treated properly. If it continues beyond the hazardous marks despite natural remedies, self-treatment needs to be stopped, and you should immediately have a medical practitioner perform an evaluation.

Sources for this article include:

About the author:
Sandeep has written many health field articles for both Internet and print publication. He currently writing for insurancetips4u.co.

Read More articles from Sandeep:

5 Must-Know Things about Car Insurance

Top 5 Reasons Your Health Insurance Premium Will Rise in 2016

Top 5 Tips for Finding Affordable Health Insurance Policy

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7 ways millennials are changing the workplace for the better

The generation is spearheading change in the workforce — and they’ll switch jobs until they find what they want.
Image: Group of people with two laptops at a meeting
Only a third of millennials are engaged at work.Getty Images
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/ Source: NBC News
By Brianna Steinhilber

When it comes to the workplace, millennials get a bad rap. The generation (loosely defined as those born after 1982 and before 2004) tend to to be labeled lazy, entitled and glued to their iPhones. But a recent survey conducted by Gallup shows that they're more aligned with other generations when it comes to contentment in the workplace than you may think.

The poll garnered responses from almost 200,000 people from across organizations in a wide variety of industries to give us a snapshot of the American workplace today. One of the major findings: Out of the more than 100 million full-time employees that make up the American workforce, only one-third of them are engaged at work — which is defined as being "emotionally and psychologically attached to their work and workplace."

Only one-third of employees are engaged at work.

So, what gives?

Research shows that millennials are a driving force behind workplace change, so it’s no coincidence that the generation clocks in with the lowest percentage of engaged employees. This may be simply because as millennials get older they are able to navigate their career, finding work that better suits them, which in turn increases their levels of engagement. But the fact that they are the major advocates for change also suggests that they may feel like they're "waiting" for their employers to catch up with them, thus affecting how much they are able to emotionally commit at work.

RELATED: How to Be Happier at Work, According to Scientific Studies

But what’s surprising is that the changes millennials are pushing for in the workplace are things that are desired by everyone. Regardless of age, we seem to agree on how we want to work and what we need as employees to be happy and productive during office hours.

Here are some of the key findings about what employees want — and you can thank the millennials in your life for demanding them.

They’re not scared to change jobs

There was once a time where we held on to our jobs with a vice grip — some of us may even have parents who stayed at a company for 20 years or more. Today, resumes with two-year stints at various companies are becoming the norm. Half of the employees surveyed say they are actively looking for a new job or watching for openings, and 35 percent of workers reported changing jobs within the past three years.

The change may be fueled by the fact that employees are confident in their ability to find work — whether it’s by choice or as a result of being laid off. Sixty-three percent of those surveyed believe it is "very likely" or "somewhat likely" that they would find a job as good as the one they have if they were let go — that’s a 21 percent increase from those who said the same in 2010.

And they want a salary boost to go with it

Employees aren’t just looking to hop around for the experience, they want a pay raise to come with it. About four in 10 employees say a significant increase in income is “very important” to them when considering a new job. This rang true for more male employees than female employee, and more millennials and Gen Xers than baby boomers.

They want work with a purpose.

"Most workers, many of whom are millennials ... want their work to have meaning and purpose. They want to learn and develop. They want their job to fit their life."

Thanks to millennials, long gone are the days where you log your eight hours behind a desk doing the bare minimum until you can clock out at 5 on the dot.

“Most workers, many of whom are millennials, approach a role and a company with a highly defined set of expectations,” according to the survey. “They want their work to have meaning and purpose. They want to use their talents and strengths to do what they do best every day. They want to learn and develop. They want their job to fit their life.”

Sixty percent of employees say the ability to do what they do best in a role is “very important” to them. All employees, regardless of age or gender, placed the greatest importance on this aspect of a job. But millennials are more likely than both Gen Xers and baby boomers to say a job that accelerates their professional or career development is “very important” to them. It seems they are not only looking for a job they are passionate about, but one that fits into the bigger picture of their career path.

They want perks — and will change jobs to get them

You’d think the benefits millennials value would be the juice bars, onsite gyms and pet-friendly offices. But the benefits they value align with those that other generations see as most important: things closely related to quality of life like health insurance, paid vacation and retirement plans.

According to the survey, “the benefits and perks that employees truly care about are those that offer them greater flexibility, autonomy and the ability to lead a better life.”

Where millennials differ from Gen Xers and baby boomers is in how strongly they value these things, which is so much so that in many cases they will consider changing jobs for a specific perk or benefit. “The differences are most evident for items related to children, development, education and flexibility,” the survey found. “Millennials want benefits and perks that directly impact their lives and the lives of their family members, and they show a greater willingness to switch jobs to secure these elements.”

The study discovered that engagement climbs when employees split their time between working remotely and working in an office.Getty Images

They want stability

When they do change jobs, more than half of employees rate greater stability and job security as “very important” in their new role. Millennials and Gen Xers of both genders feel equally as strong about this, while less than half of baby boomers say this aspect of a job is very important to them.

"Candidates want to work for companies that provide solid footing and are poised for growth. The more stable they view an organization, the more likely they may be to see a future with it," found the survey.

They want to talk to their managers often

Once a year performance reviews (which tend to be one-sided, with your boss rattling off answers to a questionnaire) are out. What millennials seeks is ongoing feedback, clear goals and “collaborative goal setting,” which gives them a voice in setting performance expectations they see as fair, relevant and challenging.

RELATED: Millennials, Hoping to Find Real Connections, Ban the Booze

And the statistics show that the other generations feel the same: only 33 percent of employees report being engaged at work; a meager 21 percent strongly agree that their performance is managed in a way that motivates them to do outstanding work, and only 18 percent strongly agrees that employees who perform better grow faster at their organization. Add to that the fact that just 41 percent of employees strongly agree that their job description aligns well with the work they are asked to do (which, by the way would make them 2.5 times more likely than other employees to be engaged) and it’s clear there is a communication problem here.

More frequent, informal check-ins with managers allow employees to better see how their day-to-day work is linked to the organization’s goals (which makes them 3.5 times more likely to be engaged). Plus, employees who have had conversations with their manager in the last six months about their goals and successes are almost three times more likely than other employees to be engaged at the workplace.

The survey cites that "the process creates buy-in and helps employees define success in their roles. Accomplishing goals created with a manager feels all the more gratifying to employees because they are ‘our goals,’ not just ‘my goals’ or ‘your goals,’ and this shows in their engagement. While a mere 30 percent of employees strongly agree that their manager involves them in setting their goals at work, those who do strongly agree with this statement are 3.6 times more likely than other employees to be engaged.”

They want flexibility in when and where they work

A previous study on benefits and perks found that over half of employees would switch to a job that allows them flextime, and 37 percent would switch to a job that allows them to work off-site at least part of the time. In fact, Gallup consistently finds that flexible scheduling and work-from-home opportunities play a major role in an employee’s decision to take or leave a job.

The optimal engagement boost occurs when employees spend 60 to 80 percent of their time — or 3 to 4 days a week — working remotely.

All employees share this desire for flexibility, but none more than millennials. Previous Gallup research on the generation revealed that they care deeply about work/life balance, and place an importance on having a life — not just a job.

Flexibility and working remotely come hand in hand. Millennials tendency towards pumping out work in their pajamas or while sipping a latte at a coffee shop is often seen as lazy and entitled. But it seems they may be on to something: the study discovered that engagement climbs when employees split their time between working remotely and working in an office with their coworkers.

In fact, the optimal engagement boost occurs when employees spend 60 to 80 percent of their time — or three to four days in a five-day workweek — working off-site. Yep, you heard us right. Time to find a coffee shop with great lattes and strong Wi-Fi.


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Proposed Rules

*Public comment is now closed.

Highway Operations (19A NCAC 02D Section .0400)

Text of Proposed Rules

Section .0400, Field Operations-Maintenance & Equipment

Notice of Text

Explanation of/Reason for Proposed Rule

Pursuant to G.S. 150B-21.3A, Periodic Review and Expiration of Existing Rules, all rules are reviewed at least every 10 years or they shall expire.

As a result of the periodic review of Subchapter 19A NCAC 02D, these proposed rules were determined as "Necessary with Substantive Public Interest" thus necessitating readoption.

Upon review for the readoption process, the agency deemed the following rules to be necessary without substantive changes and are recommended for readoption:

  • .0408

Public Hearing

The N.C. Department of Transportation held the following public hearing on the proposed rules:

Thursday, Nov. 8, 2018
3:00-4:30 p.m.
Transportation Mobility & Safety
Conference Room 161
750 N. Greenfield Parkway
Garner, NC 27529

Public Comment

NCDOT accepted public comments from Oct. 1, 2018, until Dec. 3, 2018.

Comments were accepted by the following methods:

  • Send a message
  • Call (919) 707-2821 and ask for the rule-making coordinator
  • Fax to (919) 733-9150 or (919) 715-4088
  • Mail to:

    N.C. Department of Transportation
    ATTN: Rule Making Coordinator
    1501 Mail Service Center
    Raleigh, NC 27699-1501

Not applicable to this package of proposed temporary rule:

  • Federal Certification
  • Fiscal Note/Economic Analysis

2/25/2019 8:36 AM


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Johnston County Bridge East of I-40 Being Replaced

BENSON – The Zack’s Mill Road bridge over the Pole Branch north of Benson closed Monday morning for a replacement project.

The bridge, built in 1957, was deemed functionally obsolete and structurally deficient, which means it no longer met today’s traffic needs and required an increasing amount of maintenance to keep it operating. The bridge also had vehicle weight limits.

An N.C. Department of Transportation contractor will replace the bridge with a modern, wider structure. The road is expected to reopen by August.

In the meantime, a signed detour is sending drivers to use N.C. 50, Langdon Road, Stephenson Road and Raleigh Road.  Motorists should anticipate their commute taking longer during construction and use caution when traveling near the work zone.

4/6/2020 9:12 AM


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Chris Moody Photo

Chris Moody

Foundry Group

Chris has been scaling businesses as a C-level executive at public and private companies for over 25 years.

Prior to joining Foundry Group, Chris was GM & VP of Twitter’s Data & Enterprise business and CEO of Gnip, a Foundry Group portfolio company. Chris loves working with entrepreneurs to scale their companies globally while helping them maintain the passion that sparked them to start the business in the first place.

Chris is considered a pioneer in developing data and platform strategies. He has worked closely with some of Silicon Valley’s fastest growing technology companies to help them formulate and execute their platform strategies. He is also Founder and former Chairman of the largest non-profit organization focused on the impact of social platforms and data. Chris’s view on the importance of data as it relates to global matters of health and safety have been shared across the world including at The White House and the United Nations.

Prior to Gnip, Chris was at Aquent where he served in several executives roles including Chief Operating Officer where he was responsible for daily operations of 70 teams in 17 countries. Chris began his career as a management and technology consultant working for EDS, Oracle, and IBM where he led engagements at more than 25 Fortune 500 companies.

Chris is a huge fan of the Auburn Tigers. In 2015 he was named Auburn’s Electrical Engineering Alumni of the Year and in 2016 was designated an Auburn University Distinguished Engineer. He currently serves on Auburn’s Engineering Alumni Council.

Chris loves spending time with his family. He also enjoys riding his bike in the foothills around Boulder and his snowboard in the Rocky Mountains. You can find him on Twitter at @chrismoodycom


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  1. Make sure you’re signed in to your NEA Member Benefits account and click “Get a Quote or Enroll” to go to the NEA Dental and Vision page on the Renaissance Dental website.
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Underwritten by Renaissance Life & Health Insurance Company of America, Indianapolis, IN and in New York by Renaissance Life & Health Insurance Company of New York, Binghamton, NY. Each company has sole financial responsibility for its own products.

1. Renaissance internal data, 2017.

2. VSP internal data, 2017.


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A nonprofit battles the ‘magnetic media crisis’ by digitizing aging movies before they vanish

(October 3, 2018)

In a narrow, windowless, closet of an office in Seattle’s City Hall, two young women are battling against the “magnetic media crisis.”

That’s because the Hi8 home movies, VHS recordings and Betacam cassettes from decades ago are approaching the end of their lifetime — if they’re not already past it — and starting to fall apart. One of the biggest threats is an ailment called “sticky shed syndrome” where the glue that holds the components of the magnetic tape together breakdown, and the recorded images and sound are lost forever.

Enter MIPoPS.  The 3-year-old nonprofit is focused on preserving videos and films from government agencies, university departments, museums and arts organizations, and religious groups. MIPoPS is led by Rachel Price. For the Hilbert project, which started this year and will finish in 2020, the team has secured grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.


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Haslett, MI

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Haslett profile

Living in Haslett

Haslett is a medium-sized town located in the state of Michigan. With a population of 20,210 people and three constituent neighborhoods, Haslett is the 70th largest community in Michigan.

Haslett real estate is some of the most expensive in Michigan, although Haslett house values don't compare to the most expensive real estate in the U.S.

Haslett is a decidedly white-collar town, with fully 85.69% of the workforce employed in white-collar jobs, well above the national average. Overall, Haslett is a town of professionals, sales and office workers, and managers. There are especially a lot of people living in Haslett who work in management occupations (13.71%), office and administrative support (11.98%), and teaching (11.50%).

Also of interest is that Haslett has more people living here who work in computers and math than 95% of the places in the US.

Haslett, while not large, also appears to be attractive to some younger, educated professionals, who help shape the character of the town.

The citizens of Haslett are among the most well-educated in the nation: 49.37% of adults in Haslett have a bachelor's degree or even advanced degree, whereas the average US city has 21.84% holding at least a bachelor's degree.

The per capita income in Haslett in 2010 was $40,642, which is wealthy relative to Michigan and the nation. This equates to an annual income of $162,568 for a family of four. However, Haslett contains both very wealthy and poor people as well.

Haslett is a somewhat ethnically-diverse town. The people who call Haslett home describe themselves as belonging to a variety of racial and ethnic groups. The greatest number of Haslett residents report their race to be White, followed by Asian. Important ancestries of people in Haslett include German, Irish, English, Polish, and Italian.

The most common language spoken in Haslett is English. Other important languages spoken here include Polish and Spanish.

Real Estate in Popular Haslett Neighborhoods

Zip Codes in Haslett, MI


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52 days ago

Are you using Zoom during the lockdown? You'll want to read this

Brittany Keogh Reporter from North Shore Times

Hi neighbours, Are you using Zoom or other video conferencing software during the lockdown? Unfortunately, there have been several hacking incidents reported where trolls have joined strangers' Zoom meetings and streamed porn to the group or created other havoc. Luckily, you can change your settings to prevent this from happening. Here's some more information about some of the risks of Zoom and other video calling software and a quick guide on how to change your settings to prevent hacks.

More messages from your neighbours
7 days ago

Visiting friends/family in aged care facilities under level 2

The Team Reporter from Auckland Stuff

Hi Neighbours, have you been able to visit a loved one in an aged care facility under alert level 2?

What was the experience like?

8 hours ago

Local Fitness Challenge

Think about where you currently workout.
Once you get done, are you being rushed out the door so that next class can get it?
We call that the “assembly line studio” and that’s not what we do here.
Each class concludes with a cool down deep stretch + friendly chat (i know…that sound nice right??? it is)
We want to make sure that you feel better walking out than you did walking in - a leaner, stronger, better feeling version of yourself. ⠀#lesshgo #spartan
Shoot us a message to come experience a class and see what we’re talking about - even if you’re just coming for the chat at the end.


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Android 6.0 Marshmallow now available for LG G4 on AT&T

LG's G3 was the very first handset to get Android 5.0 Lollipop in 2014, and its G4 was among the first to get Android 6.0 Marshmallow last year. The company has been continuing with its rollout of the newest version of the OS in recent weeks, and its availability has just expanded a little further.

Marshmallow is now rolling out to the LG G4 (model number H810) on AT&T, and is available to download over-the-air, although you will need a Wi-Fi connection to get it.

In addition to the various improvements and new features available in Android 6.0, AT&T's release notes also mention that the upgrade package includes a 'video calling' update.

The update, which is "up to 971MB" in size and based on Android build MRA58K, will bring the G4's software version up to H81020n.

Source: AT&T via Android Central

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Stranger Things Eleven Mini Backpack by Loungefly

Stranger Things eleven backpack

Price: $56.90

Buy it here

Anyone who doesn’t love this little backpack is a mouthbreather. Eleven said so! I bought this Loungefly bag that has different versions of Eleven from Stranger Things, one of my favorite shows on Netflix and I am so happy I did!

The art is adorable. It has 10 different version of Eleven in her different outfits from the show in a cute chibi anime style. I wish there were 11 different designs, but I guess the number “011” counts, haha. Each of the designs is adorable and should be recognizable to any fan of the show, including a couple versions of her Hawkins Lab outfits including the crazy bubble-helmet. The designs are nice and bright and pop against the dark blue background. They also threw in some of those floating things from the Upside Down to make things nice and Stranger Things-y.

The metal tag on the top half of the backpack is super classy. It’s a nice silver color stitched into a black fitting. The zippers work very well, and the two major zipper pockets feel like a good size for the backpack. They feel nice a roomy. There are also small pockets on either side of the backpack, but these don’t have zippers. The straps are amazing, though. They’re super comfortable and carry that premium feel of the rest of the backpack. The two metal studs at the ends of the straps before the adjusting loop also give the whole thing a really fun and punk feel.

The backpack is a bit on the smaller side though, but it feels roomy enough when opened, and you are also greeted to the red Stranger Things logo on the fabric inside. I don’t know if it’s a good backpack for kids since the quality is really nice, but if you’re going anywhere on a trip this would be great for carry-ons for sure.

Now if only I could carry more Eggos in it…

Check out more cool nerdy backpacks here.

If you purchase anything from this post, Nerd Much? might get a small share of the sale, as we are a part of the Amazon Affiliate Program and various other affiliate programs. For more, read our Terms of Use.


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Watch and Listen to our Demo Video

Support the body's energy and information flow with our range of solutions imprinted with proprietary bio-information.

Limited Time Offer

Our 70+ Infoceuticals are typically available ONLY following a wellness scan with our practitioners. But we’ve made an exception for a limited time... We’ve curated TWO Infoceutical Packs and made them publicly available:

Follow the links above to find out more about these limited offers, or keep reading to learn more about Infoceuticals...

NES Infoceuticals

Designed to be taken at home in an ongoing daily protocol, our solutions allow you to address the body's energy environment and help turn on the body's self-repair system – directly impacting the physics of the body where the physical biochemistry and its quality are determined.

Encoded with corrective information that helps the body return to a more optimal blueprint for health and wellness, our unique line of Infoceuticals is based on our proprietary and extensive mapping of the human body-field over the past 30+ years.

2 - ED Group 1

Our solutions are imprinted with specific bio-information. Their success lies in resonating with and helping to restore the ideal state of the body's organs, systems, and sub-systems through an underlying control system. They are produced with our cutting-edge imprinting technology developed exclusively at our R&D center.

The secret of correcting the body's control system lies in the information imprinted in these remedies. Infoceuticals contain filtered water and micro-minerals, and they're imprinted with specially modulated photons under a high-voltage electrostatic charge. This sets up specific resonant qualities to support improved function in the body.

Support The Journey To Wellness

The body's resistance to herbs, foods, or therapies is often a function of compromised absorption or distorted information.

This means that, before the body can optimally respond to conventional or alternative healing therapies, we must first work on its ability to absorb and use the nutritional, energetic, or allopathic remedies it receives.

Because Infoceuticals support the body in restoring its own best state of functioning, practitioners from a wide range of natural and alternative health modalities have found that they get better, faster results when combining Infoceuticals with their other wellness approaches.

Most importantly, Infoceuticals are safe and easy-to-use.

The Professional Infoceutical Range

Our current line of Infoceuticals is only available via qualified and experienced health practitioners and coaches who have completed training and earned certification in the NES Health system. They fall into the following categories:

Energetic Drivers

These are designed to support the strength of your body-field so that it can drive communication and the correct movement of energy in the body. They correlate to major organs and systems that power the overall body-field and may need correction for doing so.

Energetic Integrators

These are designed to support the information pathways of the body for better communication and improved efficiency. Each Integrator correlates with several major organs, tissues, and systems in terms of how they should communicate and supports this critical process.

Mind-Body Infoceuticals

These are designed to help the body process unresolved emotions caused by stress and trauma. These emotions block the free flow of energy and information, and need to be cleared out of the body-field for healthy body function.

Energetic Terrains

These are designed to support the information pathways associated with the body's healing processes. When this information is compromised, the body may fail to heal, or may cause additional problems when trying to heal itself.

Energetic Stars

These are combinations of other "information sets" designed for deeper, more targeted support of different functions throughout the body-field.

Other Infoceuticals

Other Infoceuticals are designed to optimize the relationship between a person and the planet, including alignment with Earth fields and the day / night cycle.

How to Take Infoceuticals

2 - Feel Good Group 2

Infoceuticals are available in dropper bottles and are designed to be used at home, between visits or consultations with a NES Health practitioner.

The NES Health scanning software generates an easy-to-follow protocol for your clients that includes which Infoceuticals have been recommended and how many drops to take each day.

They can be taken by dispensing the recommended number of drops for each Infoceutical into a glass or a bottle of water and drinking it. The drops can be taken safely and conveniently with any foods or nutritional supplements.


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Dr Anna Hopkins

Edith Cowan University

Anna is a lecturer in conservation biology and environmental science at Edith Cowan University and the Centre for Ecosystem Management. Her research focus is fungal ecology, and she has experience working with soil microbes, wood decay fungi and invasive forest pathogens in eucalypt and other broadleaved forests and pine plantations in both Australasia and Scandinavia.

Anna's recent interests include understanding the link between mycorrhizal fungi, fauna conservation and plant ecology, and using high throughput sequencing to understand how microbes respond to and recover from disturbances such as climate change, fire, urbanisation and mining.


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15 awesome, exotic and wacky places you can take work calls

Posted by NetFortris Team

Who works from the office anymore? The cast of Mad Men, that's who. Or at least the did until the series just ended after a really great run. Here at Fonality, we think the era of being limited to the traditional office environment may soon be seen more in TV reruns of shows like Mad Men than real life in the near future. Taking its place: the work from everywhere movement.

Some workers might concentrate a whole lot better working from the beach...

I heard a story on NPR this morning talking about the distractions many employees report in today’s open concept offices – and how some spend surprisingly little time at their desks. Thankfully, visionary employers are freeing their people to work in all kinds of places.

Really, all you need is some basic technology tools. Start with a laptop, tablet and/or smartphone. Sign up for a business phone system that puts your voice calls in the cloud and connects colleagues with collaboration tools over the Internet. When employees have the freedom to work from anywhere, word on the street is employees with this kind of flexibility are happier. According to The Harvard Business Review, they are also more productive when they're allowed to telecommute.

With Wi-Fi popping up in the craziest places, pack up your VoIP virtual phone service, your favorite gadgets, and hit the road to one of our...

15 wondrous places to work remotely

1. Your home office: When you think wacky and incredible places, your home office likely isn't the first spot to come to mind. But for Stefan Didak, it is. Back in the '80s, he started up his own company, and since then he's created perhaps the most famous home office out there. The office is like a techie candy store. By following Didak's lead, you can make your home office into the most amazing place you work.

2. Hermosa Beach, California: Near Los Angeles, you can get free Wi-Fi while chilling seaside.

3. Whole Foods: If you're anything like my team, you hate packing lunches but really want to make better choices. Whole Foods has tons of ready-made options and great seating. Plus, locations offer Wi-Fi for all customers. It's quieter

4. Sofia, Bulgaria: When's the last time you said, "Hey, I've got a few extra vacation days, time to go to Bulgaria!"? While it doesn't enjoy the tourism popularity of places like Italy and France, Bulgaria is a truly underrated place. That's because it not only gives you an unbeatable taste of the Balkans, but it's also a Wi-Fi gold mine. In the capital city of Sofia, for instance, there are tons of places where you can enjoy free Wi-Fi.

Imagine taking this traditional wooden boat in Phuket, Thailand, to taxi to your workspace for the day.

5. Chiang Mai, Thailand: A city that traces its history to the 1200s, Chiang Mai is a beautiful place among the mountains in the northern part of the country. What makes it a great remote work spot, as The Telegraph points out, is that shared working spaces can be rented out for very cheap prices. And the city also has many free Wi-Fi spots. James Clark, a blogger from Melbourne who runs a travel blog where he documents his remote work exploits, stated of Chiang Mai, "I realized when I first started coming here that this city is a cafe wonderland. With so many cafes with Wi-Fi, it is an easy place to live as a digital nomad." During a 30-day trip to the city, he enjoyed a new cafe every day, following his taste buds from the lattes of Ristr8to to the top-tier coffee of The Old Chiang Mai Cafe.

6. Phuket, Thailand: While we're on the topic of Thailand, why not check out Phuket? As The Telegraph points out, this island offers super cheap prices and boasts positively tropical year-round weather.

7. Cafes in amazing places: Going back to the Melbourne always-remote worker James Clark, there are a lot of cafes around the world that he's been to and loved. Here are six of his favorites, that all make first-rate remote work spots:

  • Foreign Correspondents Club (Phnom Penh, Cambodia): A 20+ year mainstay in the heart of Phnom Penh, the acronym for this cafe is FCC, but we'll call it The Good FCC. And there's plenty of good food at this place too, if you're looking to supplement your remote work coffee with lunch.
  • Mantra (Bali, Indonesia): One of the main reasons we go to cafes to work remotely is because we want a place that looks cooler than our coffee cup-strewn home office. In this regard, Mantra delivers, providing a lovely ambience that feels like home - if your home was about five times more awesome. Also, Clark points out that it tends to be pretty quiet, which makes it optimal for working.
  • Chat Cafe (Bali): This place has the distinction of being a congregating ground for remote workers, which means that if you visit, you'll likely have no difficulty striking up conversation with someone, since you and that person will have at least one thing in common.
  • Moustache Houze (Penang, Malaysia): Looking at the picture of this hip spot on Clark's blog, it's easy to see why it's a favorite. From the high ceilings to the bright colors, it's a work spot that threatens to distract you with everything that's going on.
  • Cat Cafe (Penang): This is the best cafe in the world, because it offers exactly what its title implies: cats. And who can argue with that? The cats enjoy a host of cat-friendly equipment that's sprinkled around the cafe. As Clark explains, this cafe perhaps isn't conducive to optimal productivity levels, but hey, it has cats. They deserve your attention.
  • Kantan Kafe (Penang): A look at this cafe reveals it's more minimalist in terms of its aesthetic, which makes it ideal for people who are looking to buckle down and get some serious work done without distractions. With bare walls and floors, it's like a work sanctuary.
    I could work with this view of Vilnius, Lithuania.

8. Anywhere in Lithuania: Why Lithuania, you ask? Well, as Business Insider reported, a company called Rotten Wi-Fi conducted a test of global public Wi-Fi network speeds. The winning country wasn't a place like the U.S. or Japan, but instead Lithuania, where the averagedownload speed is 15.40 Mbps. That's more than double the United States' average of 6.89 Mbps.

9. Space: The first commercial space tourist exploration company - Virgin Galactic - will offer free Wi-Fi for those aboard its flights. Well, there's one caveat: The Wi-Fi might be free, but the cost to get aboard the commercial flight will run you a cool $200,000. According to Business Insider, this is a "cheap" price (their word, not ours). If you have that kind of money to throw around, you can probably afford to miss a few days of work, too.

And once you’re in space, there’s a WiFi-enabled place you can visit: the International Space Station. Sure, the connection speed may not be fast - 10 Mbps download time, 3 Mbps upload - but we're guessing you can't beat the view anywhere on Earth.

10. The North Pole: You may have thought that the North Pole is only for people who work in a very specific sector - and can tolerate extreme cold - but you'd be wrong. Since 2005, there's been a Wi-Fi hot spot at this icy tip of the world, as a WhoIsHostingThis? infographic points out. This means anyone looking to get some quality remote work done can immediately pack their bags and head to the North Pole. Right?

11. Sarahan, India: The same infographic points out that the Indian desert village of Sarahan - which didn't even have electricity 10 years ago - now boasts Wi-Fi for the village. The Wi-Fi is powered by a tower which was constructed in 2005.

11. Mount Girnar: After you've finished your desert exploration/remote work day in Sarahan, consider going to India's Mount Girnar, a 3,383-foot peak that, in addition to offering stunning scenery, also provides Wi-Fi in the areas where you'd be climbing. A workday where you're trekking up the side of a mountain? Sounds like a great team builder!

13. Phone booths in Russia: Seriously, not only are there still phone booths in Moscow, but they're Wi-Fi-equipped! That's one way to take an outmoded service and update it for the modern world. So the next time you're in Moscow, plan a WFPB day. It may sound a little sketchy to your boss, but hey - When in Moscow, right?

14. Atop a donkey: Don't you hate it when your donkey riding gets in the way of you logging onto the company network? Well thankfully, you don't have to do one at a time anymore. As Engadget reports,  Israel has Wi-Fi-equipped donkeys. For real.

The one place on the list we don't recommend. Everyone will thank you.

15. Anywhere you want: As this list should illustrate, there's pretty much no limit to where you can work remotely. From the mountaintops to the reaches of space, there's a connection everywhere you go. According to Business Insider, 13 percent of people even work from the bathroom. (For the record: Not okay!!!)

No matter where you choose to work, make sure you
 do it in style. Where’s the wackiest, wildest or coolest place technology has enabled you to take or make a work call? Tell us in the comments!

If your business is ready to work remotely in places from the mundane to the magnificent, get a tour of the software that makes this all possible.


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Fossil Discount Codes 2020

Fossil Discount Codes 2020

Active Fossil Voucher Codes, Deals & Sales for May 2020

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Popular Fossil Discount Codes 2020

Voucher Code Description Code Expires
15% off first purchase with UK newsletter sign ups at Fossil ******** 06 Jun 2020
Free 2 Year Warranty at Fossil ******** 01 Jun 2020
Up to 50% off Wallets at Fossil ******** 28 May 2020
Up to 60% off Smartwatches at Fossil ******** 28 May 2020
60 Day Returns available at Fossil ******** 05 Jun 2020

Where do I use my Fossil voucher code?

Where to enter your Fossil code

Fossil Money-Saving Hints & Tips

‘Sign up to Fossil Emails to have all the latest news & Deals delivered straight to your inbox.’

‘Shop the Sale & Outlet Categories for the most recent price cuts on a wide range of products.’

More about Fossil

More about Fossil

Operating in over 150 countries and employing more than 15,000 staff members, Fossil has become popular all over the world with its unique selection of watches and accessories. Recognised mainly for their stylish, Fossil also creates a huge array of other great accessories including Wallets, Leather Bags, Purses, Jewellery and even wearable technology. Everything created is designed to be wearable and withstand all kinds of activity - specifically Fossil watches. There is something online at Fossil for everybody, whatever your lifestyle.

When shopping with Fossil, you can rest assured you’re in the best place for all things unique and on-trend. With so many great goods to choose from, you won’t need to search hard for some inspiration. When it comes to buying gifts, there is so much choice at Fossil that you’re bound to find something your special recipient will love! If it’s a watch you’re looking for, choose between a leather or rubber strap, Maybe you would prefer a stainless steel style, Fossil has got it all. Whether it’s for a man or woman, or even children, Fossil has got something to please everybody. You don’t have to spend a fortune online either, with NetVoucherCodes, you can make great savings using our money-saving deals take make buying those all-important gifts that extra bit special.

Fossil Shopping Tips

Fossil Q Collection

The Fossil Q Collection features a huge selection of hi-tech wearables in various different cool and fun styles! Shop the Gen 4 collection along with the Hybrid Smartwatch and many more featuring Touchscreen style smartwatches, activity trackers and so much more. Whatever you use you watch for whether it be as cool accessory or for sporting or business, The Fossil Q range has got you covered and you can save online with a NetVoucherCodes promo code. With Fossil Q, you can guarantee the same stylish Fossil looks with new, technical features designed to help you stay in shape. You can even download the Fossil Q app which allows you to interact with your watch from your mobile device so you can monitor everything from your Smartphone or Android. Check out the Fossil Q collection today and find something you or someone your shopping for will love for less!

Delivery Options

Delivery Charges vary depending on the item you have purchased. Delivery costs will be specified at the checkout area. Orders can take anything from 3-6 days to be delivered. Find more delivery information here.

Returns Policy

If you wish to make a return, you will need to do so within 14 days of receiving your order. Proof of purchase and the original delivery note are required in order for a return or exchange to take place. Items must be unused and in their original packaging. For health & hygiene reasons, some items cannot be returns. Find more info on the Returns Policy Page.

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Bond hearing

The following person appeared Friday in front of Licking County Common Pleas Court Magistrate Mattie Klein for a bond hearing. The case may be reviewed by a grand jury for possible indictment or additional charges.

Alexander T. Caraballo, 36, last known address 397 Eastern Ave., Newark, was charged with violation of a protection order, a fifth-degree felony.

On May 2, Caraballo was suspected of violating a protection order after previously being convicted of violating a protection order, according to a statement of facts.

Klein set bond at $5,000.

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