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Mini Book Storage

by: Brenda Brown
March 20, 2018

Mini Book Storage

I wanted to create a shabby look to this storage shelf and keep to a vintage feel at the same time, it's often at this point I will look at my paints and get stuck!!!!!!!! The best way out for me is to go to my colour palette Pinterest board and find something I like. I found this (image under "items needed") and it became my inspiration to get started. I also decided to have my first foray into trying out the DecoArt Premium acrylic paint range.

Items needed :

  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Titan Buff
  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Raw Umber
  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Primary Magenta
  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Titanium White
  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Dark Grey Value 3
  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Cadmium Red Hue
  • Americana Premium Acrylics - Quinacridone Magenta
  • Americana Premium Mediums - White Gesso
  • Americana Premium Mediums - Matte Medium
  • Mini Book Storage
  • Selection of paint brushes
  • Stamp sets - Andy Skinner
  • Heat gun
  • Palette knife
  • Black ink
  • Embellishments

Instructions :

I used the pinks, red, white and buff colours to start the process of adding the layers - this first coat is so important to seal the substrate and to get you a good start but often very little (if any) of it shows through when you have finished but it provides your focus to the colours and ensures full coverage to begin with.

I don't always mix my colours on a palette, for larger spaces I just grab some of the various paints on my brush and mix on the substrate itself as I did here. It's very bright to start with but my next layers will tone it all down.

Using some of the stamps from the sets (Skuldoggery, Spook, Tech Trauma Textures and Shabby Chic) I added plenty of stamped texture.

Here I used the monoprinting method of adding random distressed paint. There are three layers using Titan Buff, Dark Grey Value 3 and Burnt Umber - I know it looks really messy but don't worry!!!!

For the next layer I mixed up some Primary Magenta, Burnt Umber and Titan Buff and made a gorgeous deep vintage rose colour. I spritzed it with lots of sprays of water to create a wash and then dipped each piece in separately and dried the pooled paint with a heat gun.

Repeat the last step but this time add some white to make the pink even lighter and dip again. This time my wash was a bit thicker.

Repeat once more with even more white and you can see with each layer you see less and less of that messy background but some of the stamped elements are popping through as are interesting distressed areas of texture and colours.

By adding more and more layers your background is getting more depth to it and a more shabby look. Just keep adding until you are happy with the results.

You are probably now at a point where you have lost all definition of the original stamped layer but small areas and ghostly shadows are creating some lovely interest in your background so far. You could just leave it here before going on to the next main step or you can add some random partial stamping back in before moving on.

I decided to add just a small amount not mounting the stamps on a block and only partially inking them so they became distressed images and text. I decided to just use the text and the postmark and watering can ink whereas I had used black in the original.

OK now onto the next layer and take a little Americana Premium Mediums - White Gesso with a palette knife - flatten it on your paper/foil palette...

...and then keeping the knife flat to the surface of the board drag small amounts over the background so you get a distressed look. You can see the depth the layers have created and when you look deep into it you can see a little of the original pink, some of the other colour tones where we added the monoprinting and the changes of pins where we added the dip and dry washes. You can also see some of the original stamping as well as the text and postmark we added on the last layer. Neat!

Before I vintaged it up I wanted to see what it would look like put together and where I would add some decoration. I had already thought I would add some of the shabby chic stamps but I also realized it really needed a dirty wash to tone it down a bit before I went onto that.

I first stippled all the outside edges with some pink and white paint so they blended well with the overall design and put the storage back together again glueing the inside edges to make sure it all stays together.

Mix together some brown and grey paints with Americana Premium Matte Medium and spritz some water into it to get a dirty wash and paint all over allowing some of it to sit in the crevices.

Stamp images onto tissue paper and tear round the edges and adhere using decoupage glue.

Gather some embellishments together, paint chipboard pieces and I also found some flowers and rafia to finish it all off.

You can never recreate exactly the same background again as it is such a random process. After I've dipped the substrate into a wash I'll just let it settle and pool for a few seconds before I start to dry it, this helps to give more variation in depth of colour. I'll also have a piece of kitchen towel in my hand to dab of some bits of the wet paint which gives me more control over how much is laid down and how much can be seen peeping through. But when the project is finished and, like this one, has the mini albums on it, it looks fabulous.

Thanks for stopping by.

Hugs Brenda xxx

Be sure to visit Bumblebees and Butterflies for more projects and to learn more about Brenda Brown.

Brenda, this is a fabulous creation (and I think it looks even more beautiful in real life!)! I just love how you built up the layers of colour/stamping with those beautiful colours of paint and then bringing it altogether with the tissue stamping and Gesso. I am really looking forward to seeing how you put together those lovely little albums! xxx

Anne R

March 20, 2018

I hope there is another tutorial on the beautiful books you have housed in this shelf!

Jeanne Kelly

March 20, 2018

You did an awesome job. I especially love the color.

Natalie Godfrey

March 21, 2018

This is so adorable, Brenda! Great layering and texture! The perfect storage for the lovely albums! Claudia x

March 22, 2018

The perfect resting place for those little journals!

Sally Miller

March 27, 2018

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February 26, 2018

Apartment in Copenhagen-Art from floor to ceiling

 Marie Nipper, director of the Tate Museum of Liverpool, and Simon Frise Eriksen, love to surround themselves with art.
The artistic couple like the combination of art and function and around the home there are many artworks in use but at the same time they have created a space of  peace of mind and an harmonious atmosphere.

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São Tomé / Príncipe: code of ethics

On São Tomé and Príncipe, the people are in general very friendly and relaxed, but manners and etiquette are important to them.

Amongst the inhabitants of São Tomé and Príncipe, greeting a person and inquiring about his or her health and family is essential in social encounters. Recognizing and paying deference to the status of a person is important. Older men and women tend to be treated with great respect, particularly if they have many children and grandchildren. Entry into a person’s home or garden is a privilege, and acquaintances often converse in the road or across a garden hedge rather than enter a house or yard.

However, as a visitor on the island, the people of São Tomé and Príncipe are unlikely to be offended if you do not approach them in this manner. If you speak a bit of Portuguese, it will be appreciated and enhance the experience, but even with hands and feet, you will be able to have a great time. One thing that is always good to say is: ‘muito lindo’ (‘very nice’) when they ask you what you think about their country.

Source: Bradt Travel Guide, July 2008

São Tomé people 3
São Tomé people 4

Africa’s Eden offers several attractive tours in Gabon and Príncipe. From just a weekend in Loango or Roça Belo Monte, up to 13 days combination tour Gabon-Príncipe. Read more

Roça Belo Monte

Luxurious resort on the tropical island of Principe Belo Monte Plantation Hotel, offering luxurious accommodation in staggeringly beautiful natural surroundings. While Belo Monte Plantation Hotel is a wonderful place to relax and recharge your spirit, there is also plenty here to explore and discover. Read more

Want to active explore the island? There are many possibilities: marine excursions like snorkelling, kayaking, scuba diving, whale watching and terrestrial excursions like hiking and biking. Read more

Forever Príncipe

Forever Príncipe conservation alliance is part of the Conservation Tourism Programme on the island of Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea developed by Africa’s Eden. Read more


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Photo gallery

Photo Gallery: Skalmold/Alestorm

Here are some photos/photo gallery of the Icelandic and Scotish viking and pirate metal bands Skalmold and Alestorm in Belgrade on November 28th at Dom Omladine.  Check out the insanely good atmosphere by Viking and Pirates, here:

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My name is Vladimir Cincović. This blog was created out of love for music. Support the magazine and blog Demon Reports, We need your support.


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Learning to win the battle within
Have you ever felt like you couldn't make it, or like the pressures of life can sometimes be too great for you to bear? Well in this sermon series Dr. Grier tackles the subject of Overcoming Fear in a way that will strengthen your faith and teach you the authority that Christ has given you to overcome fear and live a life of peace, even in your toughest trials.

Sermon Titles:
Don't be Afraid, Just Believe
Secret Lives
On the Boat Again.

Overcoming Fear CD Series

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Baldwin - 6535.412.KEOS - HOLLYWOOD HILLS 6535 O/S ESC KE 412

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6535.412.KEOS - Baldwin

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Where will our products come from in 2030?

Factory of the Future
Reading time:5 min

Where will our products come from in 2030? Anyone with more than a passing thought about this question should take a look at the project “STOREFACTORY”; adidas has achieved a milestone with the pop-up store “Knit for you”. The store in the Berlin shopping center Bikini is closing after the completion of a successful test phase.

How digital transformation can even be fun

During the course of the purchasing process, customers go through a number of stages. During the “Create” phase, for instance, they can see the projections of various materials right on their own bodies and then take their measurements with the help of “body scanners”. As they go through the various available options, a custom product begins to take shape; once complete, it is manufactured in the mini-factory next to the store within only a short time and can be handed over to the customers.

The Federal Ministry for Economics and Energy that is supporting this project financially describes the concept as follows on its website: STOREFACTORY offers customers an opportunity to design products that are a precise match with their own wishes and then to have the products manufactured right on the site. This project is realized by a production facility in Berlin. Another objective of the STOREFACTORY project is to learn about the acceptance of a customized purchasing process marked by Industry 4.0 through personal experience in the business.”

This example shows that digital transformation and Industry 4.0 need not inevitably turn into horror visions of factory halls without a human being in sight and mass unemployment. It is a matter of how the technology is used. Not only does the customer have a lot of fun with the process, it also creates jobs in a different place.

The role of the digital twin

What does all of this have to do with manufacturing on a factory floor? The underlying digitalization approach is the same. The aim is to digitalize the processes from beginning to end and to enable consistent exchange of data – from the first product idea to product planning to production to the customer care processes after the product is delivered to the customer. What this means concretely for the real product that will later appear is that its first incarnation is as a digital twin.

In the above example, the sweater is first developed in completely digital form and its production is secured virtually – the customer can be assured of receiving the product within a defined delivery period. The data of the product’s digital twin are compared with those of the digital twin of the production. This ensures that all of the tools, machines, and raw materials required for production are available and can also be brought together in the desired form.

By the year 2030, we will also have production procedures and machines that can be used flexibly, i.e., they will no longer be designed exclusively for the production of a specific product. Additive production processes such as 3-D printing, which can already be used today to build complete houses within an acceptable time and at acceptable cost, are one example of such processes, while tools that are set and controlled flexibly using software are another.

Since digital data like the digital twin of a product can be quickly replaced without any restrictions, the actual production site can be located anywhere in the world as long as it has the prerequisite properties. Going back to our example, a customer in Berlin could sit down with a famous designer in a co-creation session to develop a unique sweater and have it printed right in Berlin. By 2030, approaches that are even now visible – the concept of Industrial Data Space in Germany, for instance – can ensure that the intellectual property is protected or, if desired, that the design can be sold to others and produced in return for consideration. The appropriate trustworthy providers of platforms would guarantee this as a digital service.

Urban manufacturing – the factory in the city

Germany is a highly urbanized country. In other words, many people who want to work and go shopping live in cities. Modern technologies are making it possible for more and more production processes to be carried out without harmful emissions of pollutants and noise. So why not locate part of the production in the city? This would also counteract the shortage of professional experts because well-paid knowledge workers would like to take advantage of the broad range of opportunities offered to themselves and their families in the city.

The production zones that remain outside the city can in many cases be highly automated, then supervised, controlled, and optimized by experts with the aid of their own experience data that are stored in the systems or procured from others such as the manufacturers.

In this case, tried and proven methods from the Industrial Revolution could be recycled. In the city, operators of neighborhood factories can maintain flexible, but expensive production facilities and offer them to other specialist manufacturers. One could also imagine the sharing of such resources in the form of cooperatives. In the past, for instance, procurements of expensive agricultural machines such as combines as well as the purchase of goods by the Raiffeisengenossenschaften benefited the farmers who were members of the cooperative; today, we would speak of an ecosystem.

What can manufacturing companies do to make sure they are fit for the digital age?

Develop your digital strategy! Knowledge and use of modern technologies are not enough; there are other parameters of the target markets that must considered when creating the new business models. A study by the foundation "Neue Verantwortung", for example, includes interesting suggestions for the parameters and describes six scenarios for the labor market in Germany in 2030.

Build up your networks! Never before has it been so simple to join up with other people and, by seamlessly exchanging information, to revolutionize the added-value process. And customers should also be integrated into the process.

Be bold with your new business models and roles! Perhaps you will turn out to be exactly the right person to satisfy a need that has just appeared out of nowhere in these value networks. To stay with the above example, you, a successful manufacturer of expensive special machinery such as (body) scanners or laser cutting equipment, could offer your products in these neighborhoods.

It will be best for you to start right now, today, by thinking about the data that are already available, what data would still be good to have, and what you can do with them. Complete your information management strategy for your digital fitness!

How will manufacturing companies become fit for the digital age?

Develop your digital strategy! In addition to the knowledge and use of modern technologies, other parameters of the target markets must also be taken into consideration for the new business models. Interesting suggestions for these parameters are shown, for example, in a study by the New Responsibility Foundation, in which six scenarios for the labour market in Germany for 2030 are presented.

Build networks! It has never been easier to partner with others and revolutionize value creation through the seamless exchange of information. And the customer should also be involved here.

Venture into new business models and new roles! Perhaps you are just the right person to satisfy a newly created need in these value networks. To stay in the above example, as a successful manufacturer of expensive special machines such as (body) scanners or laser cutting machines, you could offer them in quarters.

The best way to start right now is to consider what data is already available, what you could still use and what you can do with it. Complete your information management strategy for your digital fitness!

Uwe Weber is Managing Partner at Detecon International.

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I mean, you can't walk down the aisle in Westminster Abbey in a strapless dress, it just won't happen - it has to suit the grandeur of that aisle, it's enormous.

Bruce Oldfield

Author Profession: Designer
Nationality: English
Born: July 14, 1950

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Manually flash Android Things

To flash Android Things onto your board, download the latest system image in the Android Things Console (see the release notes) and follow these steps:

  1. Download and install Android Studio or the sdkmanager command-line tool. Update the Android SDK Platform Tools to version 25.0.3 or later from the SDK Manager.

    • Navigate to the Android SDK location on your computer; the path can be found in the system settings for Android Studio. Verify that the fastboot binary is installed in the platform-tools/ directory.

    • After you verify platform-tools/, add it to your PATH environment variable. This command should be similar to the following:

      export PATH="path/to/platform-tools":$PATH

  2. Open a command line terminal and navigate to the unzipped image directory.

  3. Verify that the device has booted into Fastboot mode by executing the following command:

    $ fastboot devices
    1b2f21d4e1fe0129    fastboot
  4. Execute the script. This script installs the necessary bootloader, baseband firmware(s), and operating system. (On Windows systems, use flash-all.bat instead).

  5. To verify that Android is running on the device, discover it using the adb tool:

    $ adb wait-for-device
    $ adb devices
    List of devices attached
    1b2f21d4e1fe0129    device


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Through the Valley

So fellow travelers, twenty eight years ago today I became a mother.

Mine was not to be a typical initiation into the sisterhood of mothers. Our first child, a son we named Zachary, was stillborn. He arrived prematurely at seven months; we’d just been told he had a genetic mutation known as trisomy 18, a condition which causes multiple developmental anomalies. Stillbirth was a blessing of grace, heart wrenching but yes a blessing.

Over the years I have come to know that moment more deeply than any other experience. It opened levels of compassion and empathy I  did not know existed within me. Even if I could, I would not change anything about my time with Zachary.  It defines who I am today. I did not leave the hospital with my baby but I returned home a mother. In the days and weeks of intense grief which followed, I vowed I would be a Mom to all children who came into my life, whether they were born to me or not.

Now today, nearly three decades later I will guide my daughters and stand with my three nephews as these five amazing young adults bid their cherished grandmother Godspeed on her journey home.

Their walk through the Valley of the Shadows is one we make together bound by the Love which lives forever in our hearts.  It is a path I can walk with steadfast steps, for it is one known to me.

Happy Spirit Day, Zachary and thank you for giving me the gift of knowing grief is the crack in our hearts where the Light shines through.

Walk gently on the path my friends and may adventure find you ready.

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  1. This is beautiful. Thank you for sharing. Yes, Happy Spirit Day.

  2. This is amazingly beautiful.

  1. Camping with memories | Trail Mix

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Andrew Darien

Professional Details

Title Professor
Department History
Office Sullivan Building 102C
Phone 978.542.7518
Photo of Andrew Darien

Recent and Upcoming Courses

FYHI 100 First Year Seminar (history)
HST 107 The United States in World History
HST 205 U.s. History and Constitutional Government II
HST 324 Oral History
HST 444 A Generation in Revolt: Transnational History of the 1960's
HST 703 Oral History
HST 835 Seminar: United States in the 20th Century
HST 994 Directed Study in Portfolio

Professional Interests

Modern United States History; Social and Political History; Oral History; New York City Police Department; Historical Methodology

Teaching Areas: Modern U.S. History, 1945-Present; Modern U.S. History, 1890-1945; Oral History; Seminar in 20th Century United States History; History of Policing and Violence; Historiography; Modern World History; The Sixties

Faculty Advisor, Phi Alpha Theta, History Honors Society

Selected Publications

Book Review of Metropolitan Jews: Race, Politics, Race and Religion in Postwar Detroit by Lila Berman in The Journal of American History, December, 2016.

Building the Sacred and the Progressive: A History of Temple Sinai's First 75 Years, Temple Sinai of Brookline, 2014.

New York's Finest: Integration and Identity in the New York City Police Department, 1941-75, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013

"Hearts, Minds and Voices: Oral History in the Vietnam War," in eds. Tully, Masur, and Austin, Understanding and Teaching the Vietnam War, University of Wisconsin Press, 2013.

"Student, Citizen, Soldier: Oral History and Student Veterans," The Sextant, Spring 2010

"Historicizing & Humanizing Historians: Oral History and History Faculty," American Historical Association Perspectives, 2008

Book Review, White, Ethnic, New York: Jews, Catholics and the Shaping of Postwar Politics, by Joshua Zeitz, Kentucky Historical Society, Forthcoming, 2008

"The Alter Ego of the Patrolman: Policewomen and the Discourse of Difference in the New York City Police Department," in Women's Studies, 2002.

Review of Zero Tolerance: Quality of Life and the New Police Brutality in New York City, by Andrea McArdle (editor) in Contemporary Justice Review, Winter, 2002.

"Police Fraternity and the Politics of Race and Class in New York City, 1941-1960," Regional Labor History Review, Spring, 2000.

Selected Presentations

"Becoming New York's Finest", Keynote Speaker, The New England American Studies Association, Regis College, April 2, 2016.

“Policing, Incarceration and Social Justice: A Conversation with Sheriff Frank Cousins, Salem State University, November 2, 2015

“Ambivalent Jews: A History of Temple Sinai,” Oral History Association, Tampa, FL, October 15, 2015

“NYPD and the Crisis of Masculinity,” Invited Speaker, Babson College, March 23, 2015

“Race and Ethnicity in the NYPD in the 1960s” Conference on Blacks, Jews, and Social Justice in America,” Brandeis University, June 2014

Defining New York’s Finest," Researching New York, State University of New York at Albany, November 14, 2013

“Race and Policing in Postwar New York," African American Studies Program, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, November 7, 2013

“The Mystique about the Feminine Mystique: 50th Year Anniversary” Moderator and Convener, Panel Discussion, Salem State University, September 30, 2013

“Experiential Learning Through Oral History,” New England Faculty Development Conference, June 14, 2013, Westford, MA

"The Silent Majority Strikes Back: The Backlash of the New York Policemen's Benevolent Association," New England Historical Association, Boston, Fall 2011

"World Historians Speak Out: Pedagogy, Politics, and Perspectives," Documentary and Round Table Discussion, WHA Annual Meeting, San Diego, June 2010

"Local, National, and International: Strategies for Teaching World History through Local Sources," Mid-Atlantic World History Association, Florham Park, NJ, October 12-13, 2007

"Generational Links: The Craft of Oral History and the Salem State Oral History Project, "Oral History Association, Little Rock, AK, October 25-29, 2006

"The Double Victory Campaign: Black Soldiers and Police Officers During World War II," New England American Studies Conference, Portland, ME, September 25-26

"Identity in the NYPD," Boston Immigration and Urban Society, Boston, MA April 28, 2005

"Race, Rioting, and Police in New York City," Organization of American Historians, Memphis, TN, 2003

"The Forgotten Americans: Ethnic Networks and Labor in Postwar America"," North American Labor History Conference, Detroit, MI, October, 1999

"Engendering Labor: Identity and Work in 20th Century America," Women and Power Conference, Murfreesboro, TN, February, 1999

"Objectivity and Truth in Oral History: Interviewing Methodology With Members of the NYPD," Oral History Association, New Orleans, LA, September, 1997

"Patrolling the Borders: Identity and Patrol Work in the NYPD," Conference on New York State History, Saratoga Springs, NY, May, 1997

Personal Interests

Is this the section where I list my hobbies so that I seem well rounded and agreeable? My personal interests are somewhat personal, no?


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December 2, 2018  |  Updated February 1, 2019

No Time for Complacency: How to Combat Foreign Interference After the Midterms

By David Salvo and Joshua Kirschenbaum
Photo Credit: Rob Crandall / Shutterstock

From cabinet officials in the Trump administration to the social media platform companies, there has been widespread acknowledgement in the United States that the Russian government and other authoritarian states targeted the midterm elections and will continue to interfere in U.S. democracy. The administration and Congress have tools at their disposal to raise the costs on those who interfered in the midterms and to deter authoritarian actors from interfering in U.S. democratic institutions and processes in the future. These include punitive measures like sanctions, defensive steps like improving election security and regulating political advertisement online, and congressional oversight functions to hold the administration accountable and keep pressure on tech companies to secure their platforms from manipulation.

Full implementation of Executive Order 13848, which President Donald Trump signed on September 12, is a crucial first step to signal to adversaries that interfering in U.S. elections will not be tolerated. The intelligence community is already getting started on implementing the order’s directive for the director of national intelligence (DNI) to deliver a report on foreign interference in a federal election by reporting on the attempt during the midterms. E.O. 13848 defines foreign interference broadly to include:

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• On Feb 13, 2011
    Elizabeth from CT Asked

    Hi! Me and my 3 girls (ages 14,11, and 8) are going to Disney World soon. We are wondering which resort we should stay in?

    Hi Elizabeth! Your choice of accommodations will depend on a number of factors including, your budget, preferred resort-theme, and desired location. I'm recommending the following resorts based on my family's preferences in each category:

    Click here to view other accommodation options at the Walt Disney World Resort. Please let me know if I may be able to be of further assistance. I will be more than happy to provide you with any insights regarding your choice of accommodations. Have a memorable vacation to the Walt Disney World Resort!

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Meet the Panelist: Ritzy, Rhode Island

People describe my love for Walt Disney World Resort and Disney Cruise Line as intoxicating and contagious! My family fell in love with the Disney Magic aboard our first Disney cruise with Captain Mickey in 2006. I personally love to spread pixie dust, as I truly enjoy sharing my Disney experience with everyone! Learn More About Ritzy

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Call for a Free Consultation*: 631-923-1910
Select Page
Divorce Attorney Consultation

As an experienced Long Island Family Law Attorney I have seen how Father’s rights have become a prominent social issue on Long Island. It is a well-known and often quoted fact that children typically benefit from a relationship with their biological fathers; however, many fathers do not become involved in children’s lives for one reason or another. It may be the case that you were not aware that you fathered a child, but later learned that you may have. In cases like this, it is important to consider the importance of the role and whether you wish to pursue the establishment of paternity.

How to Establish Paternity on Long Island

Paternity can be established in a couple of ways on Long Island, New York: Signing an affidavit of paternity or petitioning the court to determine paternity. Without establishing paternity, you will not have the right to visitation, custody, or even a relationship with your child.

It May Be Hard Work to Establish Your Rights as a Father

Many fathers have to work hard to establish their rights to see their children. All too often, fathers facing difficulty establishing rights to visit with or make decisions for their children simply give up because it seems like an uphill battle. Many mothers can be very strong and zealous when they feel they need to protect their children, and this can pose unique challenges to fathers on the other end. Fathers have the choice to stand up for themselves and for their children as they assert their legal rights that go along with parenthood, as the father-child relationship is often in the child’s best interests.

Times Have Changed. Fathers Have Rights Too

On Long Island, the lay of the land in Child Custody has changed over the years. Mothers are no longer the custodial parent simply by default, nor do they have all of the rights when it comes to children. From establishing paternity, which is sometimes the first step, to obtaining custody or visitation of your children, fathers should recognize the importance of their roles in their children’s lives.

Male Role Models are Important to Children

There are many reasons for this. Aside from the importance of having a positive male role model in one’s life, children benefit from knowing about their family medical history, as well as possible inheritance or benefits rights, including Social Security. These are all benefits of establishing paternity for the children.

With Great Rights Comes Great Responsibility

It is important to understand that “with great rights come great responsibility.” In the context of parenthood, this means that you will be financially and legally responsible for your children. You will be responsible for payment of child support if you are the noncustodial parent. Most would agree that the challenges and responsibility of parenthood are far outweighed by the benefits of a parent-child relationship. In other words, your relationship with your child is far more valuable. Although you might face challenges along the way in terms of your relationship with the child’s other parent, as well as the child support obligations that may feel like a burden at times, consider the importance of your role in your child’s life.

Contact an Experienced Long Island Family Law Attorney with Your Father’s Rights Questions

When choosing to pursue your father’s rights in Long Island courts, it is important that you find an attorney that you trust who is experienced in helping clients establish paternity, child custody and visitation, child support and other family law matters that might pertain to your case. The Family Law firm of Hornberger Verbitsky, P.C. can assist you with navigating the legal landscape of family law, including your questions and concerns about father’s rights in New York. An experienced professional attorney with many years of experience and even more success stories along the way, the attorneys at the firm are available to assist you to address your legal needs. Contact our conveniently located office on Route 110 (bordering Nassau County and Suffolk) at 631-923-1910 to schedule your free initial consultation.

Free Long Island Divorce Guide

Download Your Free New York Divorce Guide

Our 41-page “Guide to New York Divorce: What You Need to Know Before Hiring a Divorce Lawyer in New York” written by an experienced family law lawyer, Long Island’s Robert E. Hornberger, Esq., provides you with real information on the divorce process and the laws it rests upon in the state of New York. This book will help give you a solid foundation upon which you can begin the process of making your family’s, life better.

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Dieter Rams, Tape Recorder TG 502/504, 1964, Braun AG, Kronberg/Taunus, Germany, Drawing: Carla Nagel

Telephone M00/OB05 of the German Imperial Post Office, from 1900, Siemens & Halske, Berlin, Germany, Drawing: Carla Nagel

The sounds design objects make are often just as characteristic as their design. And so from 21 February, 2019 visitors will able to listen to the sounds of various exhibition items from our collection thanks to the web-app “Sound of Designˮ. Using mobile devices or their home computers they will be able to delve into the world of design noises. The Web app itself doesn’t need to be downloaded and can instead simply be opened in your browser at To facilitate use of the app, all the exhibition halls are equipped with BayernWLAN free of charge.

Sounds range from the ringing of old telephone sets to the specific engine sounds of iconic autos to the clicking of typewriter keys. At present, the app includes 49 exhibits from the current show, and there are up to five different sounds for each. Visitors can compile their favorites in a playlist and also download all the sounds free of charge for private use.

We are adding sounds to our collection so as to integrate this acoustic dimension of our exhibition items into our presentation – above all with a view to the planned display area. By publishing this archive in our Web-app it will form part of the multimedia experience visitors can enjoy while also infusing life into objects that might otherwise seem remote museum pieces. By way of introducing “Sound of Designˮ we are launching a topical focus on the era of the economic miracle (1950s/1960s), in which new electrical devices and with them diverse sounds entered people’s everyday lives.

The sound of the ‘Economic Miracle’

Meeting point: Pinakothek der Moderne, Rotunda
FR 26.04.2019, 12:30, Dr. Caroline Fuchs
FR 17.05.2019, 12:30, Dr. Caroline Fuchs

Beat the Design (Molekül of the Togetthere-Xperience)
with Alexander Löwenstein and Pia Brüner
THU 28.03.2019, 17:00 – 19:30
THU 11.04.2019, 17:00 – 19:30

Die Präsentation wird unterstützt von :

Die App wurde ermöglicht durch die Unterstützung der:

Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich
Online. Presentation


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IT Security Specialist

Job description

Are you interested in working on a website that has 35 million unique visitors per day? Does the thought of working with Scalable Web Architecture intrigue you? Over 200 developers are working around the world always ensuring that our service maintains its highest standard at all times. If you would like to join a diverse international team and work on interesting projects that challenge your knowledge and expertise, you’re the kind of person we want!

What you will really be doing

  • Ensure that we are always ahead of potential threats
  • Penetration testing of our infrastructure and development of scalable test strategies
  • Vulnerability research on our systems, including exotic ones
  • Development of security tools automating complex tasks
  • Take a hands-on role in building security solutions and improving existing ones
  • Proactively working with product teams throughout the development cycle integrating security best practices
  • Share knowledge with peers and mentor less experienced team members

  • Degree in security field or equivalent experience (2+ years)
  • Experience in Ethical Hacking of web applications and networked infrastructure
  • Knowledge of attack vectors, threat tactics and attacker techniques
  • Familiarity with common toolkits used in penetration testing
  • Experience in systems engineering with Linux systems (2+ years)
  • Experience in programming (Python, PHP, JavaScript) (2+ years)
  • Innovative thinker and problem-solver
  • Excellent communication skills in English, both written and verbal
  • Interpersonal skills sufficient to work with both technical and non-technical personnel at various levels in the organizations
  • An open mind, willingness to be challenged and strong desire to learn
  • Experience with OpenStack technologies is a plus
  • Experience with Agile Secure Development Lifecycle and Threat Modeling is a plus

What we offer

Salary and benefits

  • Competitive salary
  • Private health insurance (Medicover)

 Company culture

  • Dynamic and friendly atmosphere
  • Free daily breakfast in the office
  • Free coffee, tea, and fresh fruit every day
  • Free language courses in the office
  • Free guarded parking (cars, motorcycles, bikes)
  • Christmas Parties, Family Days, Hackathons, and other surprise events
  • Chill rooms, creative areas, and LAN parties
  • Company branded merchandise (goodies)
  • BBQ grill and sport events (Teqball, basketball, futsal)

Professional growth

  • Opportunity to attend conferences, certifications, technical workshops, trainings and meetups
  • Enthusiastic professionals to learn from
  • Possibility to advance in the company


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A newer version of this documentation is available.

View Latest

Rebalancing a Cluster

Rebalancing represents a process of re-distributing information among the available nodes and updating the corresponding vBucket map to reflect the new structure.

As you operate your Couchbase Server cluster, you might need to alter the number of nodes in the cluster to cope with changes in application load, RAM, disk I/O and network performance requirements.

Data is stored and distributed within a cluster through the vBucket structure. When your Couchbase Server cluster expands or shrinks, the information stored in the vBuckets is redistributed among the available nodes, and the corresponding vBucket map is updated to reflect the new structure. This process is called rebalancing.

The rebalancing process can take place while the cluster is running and servicing requests. Clients using the cluster read and write to the existing structure while the data is moving in the background among nodes. Once the moving process is completed, the vBucket map is updated and communicated to the smart clients and the proxy service (Moxi).

For more information about rebalancing, see How Rebalance Works.

Rebalance Operation

A new inactive vBucket is created on the intended destination node. The data is copied from the current active vBucket to the new vBucket. New replica copies are made from the original vBucket if necessary.

Rebalancing exchanges the data held on each node across the cluster and has two effects:

  • Removes the data from the nodes that are removed from the cluster. By totally removing the storage of data on these nodes, the nodes can be taken out of the cluster without affecting the cluster operation.

  • Adds the data and enables new nodes so that they can serve information to clients. By moving active data to the new nodes, these nodes become responsible for the moved vBuckets and for servicing client requests.

Rebalancing moves both the data stored in RAM and on disk, 1 vBucket at a time by default, which applies to each Bucket and each node within the cluster. The time taken for the move depends on the level of cluster activity, network congestion, disk speed and the size of each vBucket.

During rebalance, the cluster remains up and continues to service and handle client requests. Updates and changes to the stored data during the migration process are tracked and will be updated and migrated with the data that existed when the rebalance was requested.

When the vBucket has moved, and the new one is up-to-date, there is an atomic takeover by the node that now owns the vBucket. This is also the moment in time when the cluster map is updated and pushed to each client SDK. If a client SDK attempts an operation in that millisecond after the atomic takeover but before receiving the new cluster map, the SDK will receive an error NOT_MY_VBUCKET as well as a new copy of the cluster map. The SDK will then reconnect to retry the operation to the new node automatically, with no extra code from the developer. This process happens while each vBucket has moved during a rebalance.

The updated vBucket map is communicated to the Couchbase SDK client libraries and the enabled smart clients (such as Moxi) and allows clients to use the updated structure as the rebalance completes. The new structure is used as soon as possible to help spread and even out the load during the rebalance operation.

Because the cluster stays up and active throughout the entire rebalancing process, clients can continue to store and retrieve information and do not need to be aware that a rebalance operation is taking place.

There are four common reasons to perform a rebalance operation:

  • Adding nodes to expand the cluster size.

  • Removing nodes to reduce the cluster size.

  • Reacting to a failover situation, where you need to bring the cluster back to a healthy state.

  • Temporarily removing one or more nodes to perform a software, operating system, or hardware maintenance.


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Web administration interface

The Web administration interface is a web-based tool for configuring all aspects of GeoServer, from adding data to changing service settings. In a default GeoServer installation, this interface is accessed via a web browser at http://localhost:8080/geoserver/web. However, this URL may vary depending on your local installation.

Web admin interface

The following sections detail the menu options available in GeoServer. Unless otherwise specified, you will need to be logged in with administrative credentials to see these options.

About & Status

The About & Status section provides access to GeoServer diagnostic and configuration tools, and can be particularly useful for debugging.

  • The Status page shows a summary of server configuration parameters and run-time status.
  • The GeoServer Logs page shows the GeoServer log output. This is useful for determining errors without having to leave the browser.
  • The Contact Information page sets the public contact information available in the Capabilities document of the WMS server.
  • The About GeoServer section provides links to the GeoServer documentation, homepage and bug tracker. You do not need to be logged into GeoServer to access this page.

The Data management section contains configuration options for all the different data-related settings.

  • The Layer Preview page provides links to layer previews in various output formats, including the common OpenLayers and KML formats. This page helps to visually verify and explore the configuration of a particular layer. You do not need to be logged into GeoServer to access the Layer Preview.
  • The Workspaces page displays a list of workspaces, with the ability to add, edit, and delete. Also shows which workspace is the default for the server.
  • The Stores page displays a list of stores, with the ability to add, edit, and delete. Details include the workspace associated with the store, the type of store (data format), and whether the store is enabled.
  • The Layers page displays a list of layers, with the ability to add, edit, and delete. Details include the workspace and store associated with the layer, whether the layer is enabled, and the spatial reference system (SRS) of the layer.
  • The Layer Groups page displays a list of layer groups, with the ability to add, edit, and delete. Details include the associated workspace (if any).
  • The Styles page displays a list of styles, with the ability to add, edit, and delete. Details include the associated workspace (if any).

In each of these pages that contain a table, there are three different ways to locate an object: sorting, searching, and paging. To alphabetically sort a data type, click on the column header. For simple searching, enter the search criteria in the search box and hit Enter. And to page through the entries (25 at a time), use the arrow buttons located on the bottom and top of the table.

The Services section is for configuring the services published by GeoServer.

The Settings section contains configuration settings that apply to the entire server.

  • The Global Settings page configures messaging, logging, character and proxy settings for the entire server.
  • The Image Processing page configures several JAI parameters, used by both WMS and WCS operations.
  • The Coverage Access page configures settings related to loading and publishing coverages.

Tile Caching

The Tile Caching section configures the embedded GeoWebCache.

  • The Tile Layers page shows which layers in GeoServer are also available as tiled (cached)layers, with the ability to add, edit, and delete.
  • The Caching Defaults page sets the global options for the caching service.
  • The Gridsets page shows all available gridsets for the tile caches, with the ability to add, edit, and delete.
  • The Disk Quota page sets the options for tile cache management on disk, including strategies to reduce file size when necessary.
  • The BlobStores pages manages the different blobstores (tile cache sources) known to the embedded GeoWebCache.

The Security section configures the built-in security subsystem.

  • The Settings page manages high-level options for the security subsystem.
  • The Authentication page manages authentication filters, filter chains, and providers.
  • The Passwords page manages the password policies for users and the master (root) account.
  • The Users, Groups, Roles page manages the users, groups, and roles, and how they are all associated with each other. Passwords for user accounts can be changed here.
  • The Data page manages the data-level security options, allowing workspaces and layers to be restricted by role.
  • The Services page manages the service-level security options, allowing services and operations to be restricted by role.

The Demos section contains links to example WMS, WCS, and WFS requests for GeoServer as well as a listing all SRS info known to GeoServer. In addition, there is a reprojection console for converting coordinates between spatial reference systems, and a request builder for WCS requests. You do not need to be logged into GeoServer to access these pages.

The Tools section contains administrative tools. By default, the only tool is the Catalog Bulk Load Tool, which can bulk copy test data into the catalog.

GeoServer extensions can add functionality and extra options to the web interface. Details can be found in the section for each extension.


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Meet the Romanian Live Music Professionals
Speed Meeting Session during Mastering the Music Business 2019. Each delegate selected will get 5 minutes to meet and discuss with some of the top Romanian agents and promoters. The time and the date of the session will be announced via email to the selected delegates.
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2019 Benchmarking Implementation Advisory Group
Event Timing: Tuesday, April 2nd, 2019 from 8:00-10:00am
Event Address: Commerce Bank Center for Science Education, 4651 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, Room 125
For any questions, contact Rajiv Ravulapati at (630)-390-6221 or ravulapatir@stlouis-mo.gov
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Provider facility background
Charles Coleman, MD

Charles Coleman, MD

Dr. Charles Coleman is a board-certified urologist. He completed his medical degree from the Medical College of Georgia. He then went on to complete his internship from Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas and his residency in both general surgery and urology from the Medical College of Georgia. Dr. Coleman has a wealth of experience and is a member of the American Urological Association.
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Tag Archives: Vince Emery

Sinister Cinema: Heresy

In February, when I was generally distracted, the publisher Vince Emery passed along a link to a Hollywood Reporter article on the possible or upcoming movie of the Charles Willeford novel The Burnt Orange Heresy. Who knows if it’ll make it … Continue reading

Posted in Film, News, Tour, Willeford | Tagged , , , , , |

Hammett: Chewing Over Crime and Communism

For Xmas on the Hammett front this year, obviously grabbing a copy of The Big Book of the Continental Op is first on the list — just try stuffing that floppy behemoth of a trade paperback into the old stocking! And anyone … Continue reading

Posted in Dash | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , |

Hammett: A Really Old and Highly Inaccurate News Flash

Suddenly people are popping me links to a 2011 article from The Guardian about Hammett’s Lost Works Found in Texas — must have surfaced on Facebook or someplace. Yeah, yeah. I knew about it at the time and ignored it, … Continue reading

Posted in Dash, News, Willeford | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , |

Tombstone: Phil Geauque

Image above: another shot from the Mechanics’ signing, Nathan Ward inscribing a copy of his Hammett bio while I look on; standing to left, Vince Emery in blue, John Law — of The Suicide Club, Cacophony Society, primal Burning Man, … Continue reading

Posted in Dash, Frisco, SFSC | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , |

Frisco Beat: Lit World Has Its Fans

Shot above — sales table at the Mechanics’ Library talk — shot at bottom, foreground: Nathan Ward and Vince Emery somewhere in the process of getting an inscription put into The Lost Detective — background: me talking to a guy … Continue reading

Posted in Frisco, Lit, Willeford | Tagged , , , |

Hammett: If Joe Gores Had Written a Bio. . .

Shot above — Nathan Ward chatting as the room fills to capacity in the Mechanics’ Library — art shot at bottom, Table with Book (and Wine, and Mic). If you wanted an autographed copy of The Lost Detective and couldn’t … Continue reading

Posted in Dash, Frisco, News | Tagged , , , , , , , , |

Hammett: “The Nails in Mr. Cayterer”

Remember the fireworks going off boom! and bang! a couple of days ago? As I watched the explosions I was thinking, yeah, if they only knew that Terry Zobeck was about to finish off — complete, fini — his now … Continue reading

Posted in Dash | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , |

Hammett: And Prohibition

Per my normal Xmas rituals, I’ll be heading up to the dinner table in the hideout of Floyd “Tattoo the Wicked Cross” Salas, but here’s a tidbit to hold down a place under the tree: some casual speculation on Hammett … Continue reading

Posted in Dash, Frisco | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , |

Rediscovered: When Hammett Met Chandler

Vince Emery just popped me a link to an LA Times article covering the one time Hammett and Chandler met at the dinner for Black Mask writers — nicely documented by the famous photo — 78 years ago today. Hop … Continue reading

Posted in Dash, Film, Lit, News | Tagged , , , , , , , |

Sinister Cinema: On the Block

I should note the news that one of the falcon statues from the 1941 Bogie movie sits atop the auction block again — with a cool million sales point not out of the question. You can look up earlier articles that herald the event, … Continue reading

Posted in Film, News | Tagged , , , |


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Two-Gun Bob: Contemplating the Ivory Tower

As I was suggesting a few weeks ago, I was pretty sure Brian Leno wouldn’t be able to resist buying Conan Meets the Academy, the new collection of essays, all by academics, on Robert E. Howard’s most popular creation. If ever a guy was in the grip of the Completist Impulse, it’s Brian.

Of course, buying the book and then actually reading it are proving to be two very different things. . . .

I was talking to Brian on the horn when he first got the copy in and was glancing over it. He landed on the “essay” about stylometrics (you don’t even want to know), filled with graphs, charts, word counts. Brian sighed, and muttered under his breath: “My god. You’d have to be one dusty son-of-a-bitch sitting in a study somewhere to want to read something like this. . . .”

The plan now is to skip the stylometrics piece entirely, but Brian is attempting to read some of the other contents. He’s grumbling, but promises that if he can slug his way through, he’ll do some kind of review.

Meanwhile, he noticed a review by another Brian — Brian Murphy, one of the former bloggers on The Cimmerian website, who dove into Academy on his personal blog.

This Brian once gave my two critical books on REH some nice words. He doesn’t seem as impressed with the new collection, but while you’re waiting for the other Brian to come through with some opinions, you can see what New Brian thinks about the essays flung screaming from the ramparts of the fabled Ivory Tower.

This entry was posted in News, REH and tagged , , , . Bookmark the permalink.

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Introduction Research Question

Research Question:
How was the emergence of hip-hop culture in the South Bronx, New York in 1973 a response to the social situation at that time?
This research report aims to examine the social situation of the South Bronx up until the date presented, and how these social factors influenced the emergence of hip-hop as a cultural and artistic movement. Hip-hop refers to a subculture that is founded upon 9 “pillars”. The 4 main pillars of hip-hop include: DJing, or turntablism, where music is made using a turntable; MCing, or rapping, a rhythmic vocal rhyming style; B-Boying/B-Girling, or breakdancing, a form of movement or dance; and graffiti, a form of visual art.
The other 5 elements include: Street Knowledge or knowledge of the history and culture of hip-hop; Street Fashion, a form of fashion sense built heavily around street-orientated clothing; Street Language, a form of dialect based around street slang and phrases; Street Entrepreneurship, a form of being able to profit from one’s knowledge of the streets; and Beatboxing, a form of percussive vocal instrumentation. These 9 pillars form the basis for hip-hop culture.
The exact origins of hip-hop remain unknown and are highly speculated and debated to this day; however, the date and place I have chosen for this research paper are commonly accepted by majority of the hip-hop community as the date and birthplace of the hip-hop movement. Hip-hop is commonly accepted to have emerged in the South Bronx area of the Bronx borough of New York City on August 11th 1973. The time period I have set for the topic is between 1948 and 1973.
I have chosen this topic because I have a deep appreciation for knowing the history of something, and I also have a deep appreciation for the culture of hip-hop.
• To investigate the social factors that led to the emergence of hip-hop culture in the South Bronx, New York in 1973.
• To examine how the emergence of hip-hop culture was a response to these social factors during this time.
Review of Literature
The research question of this research task is “What social factors led to the emergence of hip-hop music/culture in the South Bronx, New York during 1973?” Therefore, the articles chosen must be related to: hip-hop culture, the social situation of the Bronx, and how these factors had an influence on hip-hop. These aspects will be discussed in relation to various sources from the past 44 years.
Article 1: A transcript of a television episode of “PBS History Detectives Special Investigations”, titled “Birthplace of Hip-Hop”, published on the 21st of May, 2011.
The article includes interview with people who were present during the time period when hip-hop emerged, and this gives it a sense of validity. The writer of the article is a historical investigator, and therefore is a reliable source as he has no bias in relation to the topic due to his objectiveness. The article contains sufficient detail about the social situation during this time, and includes figures for different aspects relating to the research, making it quite useful. However, many of those who were interviewed present their own personal opinions and biases, and the level of detail in the article leaves a bit to be desired.
Article 2: An article titled “‘Rubble Kings’ documentary examines how Bronx gangs made peace, began hip hop scene”, which was written by Robert Dominguez and published on New York Daily News on the 17th of June, 2015.
The article explores the impact of street gangs on hip-hop culture. It was published very recently, showing the relevance of the topic. It explores in great detail how the gangs of New York functioned during the 1960’s and early 1970’s. This level of detail could prove invaluable for the research that this paper intends to cover. However, the article was written by someone who was not present during the time period, which may present skewed biases; the article also does not explore the true connection between gangs and hip-hop; instead vaguely pointing out the two are connected without presenting reasons.

Article 3: An article written by Henry Matarozzi for Odyssey, published on March 8th, 2016. The article is titled “The Fifth Element: Hip-Hop as a Weapon of the Oppressed.”
The article goes in to immense detail about how the poor infrastructure and urban planning at the time impacted on the emergence of hip-hop. The source provides a substantial knowledge of the history of the South Bronx during this time period and shows a clear understanding of the topic. However, the writer does present their personal opinions and biases; but they are able to back these up with evidence relating to the source.
Article 4: An article published on the 9th of March 2017 by Dazed Digital. Written by Miss Rosen, it is titled “How hip hop rose from the ashes of the Bronx.”
This is the most recently published of the articles chosen, and this displays how relevant this topic still is. The person being interviewed in this article is someone who lived in the South Bronx during this time period, making his opinion reliable; although it may be biased. He also provides pictures he had taken during this time period which provide the reader with a visual understanding of the social situation at this time. The article explores the widespread arson during this time. This is the primary article used, as the person being interviewed comes from the time period set and the pictures included are also from this time period.
Article 5: An article titled “Disrupting the Cycle of Urban Violence with Arts and Culture”, written by Brentin Mock, was published on CityLab on the 23rd of October 2015.
This article presents extra information to further validate the points made in Article 2 about the links between gang culture and hip-hop culture. This article presents solid proof for an actual connection between the two subcultures; especially giving more details about the 1971 Hoe Ave. Peace Meeting, and how the gangs involved settled their differences. There are figures present that show how homicide rates in the South Bronx have decreased over time; however, they do not fit within the set time period, so they have not been used. The second half of the article concerns a different topic – Mardi gras in New Orleans – so only the first half of the article is used.

Article 6: Article 6 was actually written by a well-established rapper within the hip-hop community by the name of Talib Kweli. The article is titled “When ‘White Fragility’ Affects Rappers”, and it was published on CuePoint on May 31st 2016.
The article explores the effects of racism, specifically white-privilege and white supremacy, on hip-hop. The writer is someone who is well-known in the hip-hop community, and one who grew up with hip-hop and knows its history. This gives him a sense of reliability and validity. As a man of colour, he is slightly biased in terms of the race issues presented, but he remains as objective as possible. The information used, while only making up a small percentage of the larger article, is very useful; however, the rest of the article is unrelated to hip-hop’s early days.
Article 7: Article 7 is titled “Finding Humanity in a Burning South Bronx”. It was written by Tanvi Misra and published on CityLab on May 27th, 2016.
The article contains plenty of information regarding government neglect that troubled the South Bronx. The article goes in to great detail about the specifics of the neglect and how this affected the neighbourhoods. It included quotes from important people during the time period, and also includes pictures showing the state of the South Bronx due to the harsh neglect. It also gives facts and figures. The article does not specifically mention hip-hop and its connections, but it does connect to other articles and this provides the link to the emergence of hip-hop.
Article 8: The final article comes from a book: the previously mentioned ‘Can’t Stop Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation’ by Jeff Chang, published in 2005 by Picador.
The author is a writer who often writes about this topic, and once belonged to a hip-hop oriented record label; this gives him a sense of authenticity, and that he knows what he is talking about. The article is the oldest of all those I have chosen; this may be helpful, as it is the one published closest to the time period set. The book covers the history of hip-hop from 1963 to 2005, and a large number of different sources were used; this makes it more reliable, as it has many different viewpoints. I chose to focus on Chapter 2: Sipple out Deh, from pages 34 to 51. Chapter 2 focuses on the impact of Jamaican culture in the South Bronx on hip-hop. While providing a lot of information, the chapter is 17 pages long; meaning a large portion the information will not be used.
Processing of Findings
Analysis of the articles present shows many different viewpoints relating to the emergence of hip-hop culture, and how it was a response to the social situation at that time. This procession aims to identify which sources in the literature review are relevant, and to find evidence to support the research topic.
Article 3, written by Henry Matarozzi, explains how poor infrastructure and urban planning were influential in the decline of the social situation in the South Bronx and subsequently the emergence of hip-hop culture. The writer describes how Robert Moses, a city planner from New York, built highways in an attempt to slow down “white flight” from the area; during the construction of the Cross-Bronx Expressway from 1948 to 1972, numerous buildings were demolished, thousands of people were displaced and entire neighborhoods had to be relocated. Many black and Puerto Rican families that were dislocated were forced to move into the South Bronx area, which had many housing projects but few working opportunities. The borough decayed further, and the writer states it was ignored by the New York government in favour of “wealthier white communities.”
Continuing with this theme of neglect, Tanvi Misra writes in Article 7 how the New York City Officials had adopted a system of calculated “benign neglect” towards the Bronx. She says this began when Daniel Moynihan sent a memo to President Richard Nixon, wherein he points out that fire-alarms had tripled between the years 1956 and 1659, and that these alarms were primarily in black “slum” neighbourhoods. The memo was interpreted by Ta-Nehisi Coates as an “argument for leaving the black family to fend for itself.” Moynihan’s memo was manifested in the policy of planned shrinkage, the work of a New York commissioner named Robert Starr. The writer quotes Deborah and Rodrick Wallace, stating the policy “dictated the withdrawal of essential services from sick neighborhoods, which were seen as unable to survive or undeserving of survival”; these services included responses to fires and fire-safety inspections.
This neglect resulted in widespread arson, which reduced much of the Bronx to rubble. Miss Rosen describes in Article 4 how many landlords in the Bronx would burn down their own buildings to collect the insurance money, as they would get more money this way than from renting out the buildings. She shows how during the 1970’s, seven census tracts in the South Bronx lost more than 97% of their buildings. This led to the Bronx being transformed into blocks of rubble. She interviews Bronx native Ricky Flores, and he describes the fear at the time of not knowing if your home would be burned down as well. He also describes the difficulties that many people of colour faces when they attempted to seek help from social services. He ends his interview by describing how the people in the South Bronx “came together… when the city… turned their backs on our community.”
This “urban wasteland”, as it is labelled in Article 2, gave rise to gang-related crime. Many black and Latino gangs began gaining notoriety. In 1971, an all-out gang war was almost initiated after the murder of Black Benjy, a leader of the Ghetto Brothers gang. The war was avoided however, as the gangs held a summit that is now known as the Hoe Ave. Peace Meeting. This meeting was brokered Benjamin Mendelez, who at the time was the President of the Ghetto Brothers at the age of 19. Mendelez explained to Shan Nicholson, director of the “Rubble Kings” documentary – which was about the meeting and served as the main inspiration for this article – that he saw it as an opportunity to unite the gangs.
Article 5, written by Brentin Mock, continues this theme of gang culture. The writer describes how the gangs that took part in the Hoe Ave. Peace meeting found a new way to battle with each other than through violence. The members of the gangs would compete through things such as dancing, graffiti and fashion – these three things would later become staples of hip-hop culture. Both articles also explain that one of the members present at the meeting was a young teenager from the South Bronx named Kevin Donovan, who was a warlord in the Black Spades gang. Kevin would later go on to become pioneering hip-hop DJ Afrika Bambaataa, and would found the Universal Zulu Nation: a still active organisation that promotes the preservation of hip-hop culture.
Article 8, taken from a book written by Jeff Chang, explores how Jamaican roots and culture had an impact on the formation of hip-hop. The author describes how hip-hop pioneer Clive Campbell, also known as DJ Kool Herc, grew up in Jamaica. He goes on to describe how in 1967, a man named Ruddy Redwood played an incorrect version of a song at a party; he was using a dubplate where the vocals had not been panned up. He mixed between the vocal and the dub, and sent the crowd “into a frenzy.” The vocal-less rhythm could be played by a DJ and an MC would be able to rhyme over it. The discovery of dub led to the creation of the break, which would be monumental in the founding of hip-hop.
Continuing with the influence of Jamaica in hip-hop, Article 1 addresses how the culture actually emerged as a result of all the factors mentioned so far. The article is taken from an episode of PBS History Detectives. In this episode, Tufuku Zuberi investigates how the culture was born. In his interview with Mark Naison, Naison explains how the immigration laws of 1965 caused a large influx of Jamaicans into the Bronx. He shows that the number of Jamaicans entering the Bronx had increased from around 2000 people in 1964 to 17,470 people in 1967; this is the year that DJ Kool Herc arrived in the Bronx. A few of the people he interviews believe that hip-hop started on the 11th of August 1973, at a party being thrown by DJ Kool Herc at 1520 Sedgewick Avenue in the South Bronx. However, others doubt this, citing that there is no proof of it starting there, and that you cannot associate the beginning of an entire movement with one place.
At the end of the episode, Tufuku interviews Dr. Morgan from Harvard. She explains that it is impossible to state that hip-hop emerged at a specific place on a specific day at a specific time, as “birth is a process; it is not just one moment.” She gives him a flyer for a back to school party being thrown by DJ Kool Herc, which took place on the 11th of August 1973 in the rec room at 1520 Sedgewick Avenue. The party lasted from 9PM to 4AM; during the party, Herc extended the instrumental “break” of a song on his DJ equipment so people could dance longer, and then he would MC over the break. Tufuku concludes that while it is impossible to state that hip-hop was definitely birthed at this party, the building represents the birth of the culture partly because it is still standing, whereas most of what was around back then has been destroyed.
Article 6, written by well-known rapper Talib Kweli, offers insight into the racial politics that helped shape hip-hop. Kweli states that hip-hop began as a primarily black and Latino culture. He then explains that hip-hop has always been an inclusive culture and that when it emerged, there were many white people taking part as well, especially graffiti artists; although, he points out that it was more rare to see a white MC, DJ or B-Boy (break-dancer.) He says that while hip-hop evolved to have a primarily pro-black message, white people will always be the primary consumer of the culture, as they are likely the ones with the money to support the culture, a result of systematic oppression and white privilege.
This white privilege could be seen in earlier articles, where the New York government began to neglect the primarily black and Latino Bronx borough in favour of the wealthy white families living in the suburbs that also needed welfare. This decision can be seen in numerous memos written by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, such as the previously mentioned memo he sent to President Nixon, wherein he concluded that the Bronx fires were being caused by slumlords and criminals, and that a period of “benign neglect” would benefit the issue of race; as well as a memo entitled “The Negro Family”, which many perceived to be an expose on the pathological and sociological failures of African-Americans. Both were seen as an argument to leave black families to support themselves.

Through my research, I have uncovered how the social situation in the South Bronx changed over the decades, and how the factors relating to this eventually culminated in the emergence of hip-hop culture. The research also indicates how this emergence was in response to the social situation.
After analyzing all the articles, I have come to the conclusion that the emergence of can be traced back to a single event: the building of the Cross-Bronx Expressway, starting in 1948. When the expressway was built, many homes and businesses were demolished, leaving many displaced black and Latino families to move in to the South Bronx, where there was little opportunity for work. The poor people now living here turned to crime as they had no other way to support themselves and their families. Many business owners and landlords in the area began burning down their own buildings in order to collect the insurance money, as they would receive more money through this than through regular business.
The rising levels of crime, along with the widespread arson that devastated the city, gave rise to gang culture. Street gangs appeared all throughout New York City, but especially in the South Bronx. These gangs elevated the crime rates even further; however, the city government did not do anything about the situation. They instead chose to ignore and neglect the primarily black and Latino communities in the Bronx to focus on the wealthier white families living in the suburbs; this neglect can be seen as a form of white privilege, as documented in memos written by Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
The rising levels of gang-related violence came to a peak in 1971 with the murder of Black Benjy from the Ghetto Brothers. His murder led to what we now know as the Hoe Ave. Peace Meeting, where many gangs from the South Bronx and other parts of New York met to negotiate a peace between the gangs and avoid an all-out gang war. The gangs instead turned to a new form of competition: they would compete through dancing, graffiti art and fashion –things that would later become integral elements of hip-hop culture. Although the meeting did not stop the violence, it did precipitate a steady decrease in crime levels throughout the South Bronx over the next few decades.
Revisiting Article 5 by Henry Matarozzi, he quotes writer Jeff Chang who stated “Hip-Hop did not start as a political movement. The kids who started it were simply trying to find ways to pass the time.” This is true: the youths who had once taken part in gang activity now needed a new way to have fun and pass the time. However, the writer goes on to say “While it’s true that the youths of the South Bronx weren’t politically minded when they began forming Hip-Hop culture, they were fighting back (whether they knew it or not) against a system that didn’t care about them.” This is also true: these young children were a product of racially defined neglect, and hip-hop was their way of retaliating, as they now had a way to express themselves and find success in order to be able to move out of the ghettos they were living in.
The true birth of hip-hop will always remain a highly controversial topic: it is impossible to say whether it was definitively birthed at a party at 1520 Sedgewick Avenue on the 11th of August, 1973, by DJ Kool Herc. But that is the instance of hip-hop emerging that people identify the most, and it will continue to be remembered as “the birth of Hip-Hop.” However, Robert Moses is the true reason that hip-hop exists today. His building of the Cross-Bronx Expressway set in motion a chain of events that has culminated in the largest genre of music the world has ever seen, and a culture that will continue to evolve over time.


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You’ll Never Eat Gummy Candy Again After Seeing How It’s Made

It’s quite difficult to find a form of sugar that a self-proclaimed sweet tooth wouldn’t like. From cookies and brownies to candies and lollipops, they’ll eat just about anything with that sweet sensation.

Sure, everybody knows that it’s not good for them, but you can always just do a few more laps around the block and you should be fine, right? Even something as unhealthy as sugar isn’t necessarily dangerous when eaten in moderation.

Unfortunately, there’s more than meets the eye when it comes to sweets—especially the kind with gelatin in it. Watch this video, called “Over Eten’ Gelatine” by Alina Kneepkens, and you’ll be shocked to find out the truth…

This clip from the Belgian television show Over Eten (“over food”), explains how gelatine is made by going backward, from the moment that a man puts a piece of gummy candy in his mouth to…you’ll have to wait and see! (Video Below)

Luca Trovat

Before anybody can buy candy, though, it needed to be packaged in a factory setting. It’s not glamorous, but it shouldn’t come as much of a surprise to anyone who has a basic understanding of how physical goods are produced.

Alina Kneepkens

The next part may seem a bit gross, but as much as we don’t like to think about it, it’s nothing that most people don’t know. Food coloring and other chemicals get mixed up to give you that appealing color you love to see in candy!

Alina Kneepkens

What do you think?

Faith Hill’s Daughters Are All Grown Up And One Is A ‘Mini-Me’ Of Her Famous Mom

11 Pictures by Joseph Szabo, Showing 70s Youth In All Its Rawness


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Now just $0.99! Dragons, magic, and sizzling hot elves in a steamy 5-star fantasy romance!

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The Last Dragon Rider, by Errin Krystal

We’ve called it “wine and chocolate for the reader’s palate.” Now only $0.99, for a limited time, it’s the perfect weekend escape. If you love hot elves, dragons, magic, and high fantasy adventure with a luxurious dose of passion, don’t miss this chance to pick it up for less than the price of a dwarven ale!

From the publisher:

Trained as an elite warrior from childhood, the elven crown prince Flintathriël fights to bring a stop to a war that began before he was born. With the aid of his betrothed Sairalindë, a skilled mage and dragon rider in her own right, they must find the Book of Souls – an ancient and mysterious tome rumored to have belonged to the god Hath’Raal.

When the missing book turns up in the hands of Mnuvae, the bastard child of the dead king, Flintathriël finds himself fighting to not only save his people from this new threat but also trying to keep Sairalindë safe when Mnuvae takes over the dragons in her attempt to win back the kingdom she believes is rightfully hers.

The love Flintathriël and Sairalindë share shines pure and true, but when the smoke of the battle clears, will their hearts survive the aftermath of war or will their love become a casualty that cannot be revived?

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A. G. Riddle’s Extinction Files series! 2 more sci-fi mystery thrillers to get your heart pumping!

The Extinction Files series, by A. G. Riddle

This next series in our A. G. Riddle extravaganza weekend ties together a deadly outbreak and mysterious research lying in a lost submarine at the bottom of the ocean. We bought both of these, too, based on the blurbs and the strength of the Pandemic preview.

Did we read the Genome preview? Of course not! We hate spoilers as much as you do! But we have a feeling A. G. Riddle is going to be one of our new favorite authors, so we picked them both up today, while they’re still on sale.

From the Publisher:

From A.G. Riddle, the worldwide bestselling author with OVER 3 MILLION COPIES SOLD, comes a new sci-fi thriller The Guardian book review says, “…reads like a superior collaboration between Dan Brown and Michael Crichton.”

* * *

A worldwide pandemic…
A scientific experiment that could change humanity forever…
A race to find a cure–and unravel humanity’s darkest secrets.

* * *

In Kenya, a deadly outbreak spreads quickly. Local villagers are infected, as are two American college students on summer break.

The CDC and WHO send a team, led by Dr. Peyton Shaw. In Africa, Peyton soon discovers that this outbreak is very different from any she’s ever investigated. It appears to be part of a global experiment, one designed to unleash a new era of human existence.

As the virus spreads around the world, Peyton uncovers clues that lead to a dark secret in her past. With only hours left to stop the plague, she faces a choice that will change her life forever.

Can Peyton stop the outbreak in time? And what’s the truth behind the virus? Is humanity being engineered for some purpose? Is this the end of life as we know it?

Using our links to visit Amazon supports us with a small percent of anything you buy during that visit, from books to major appliances. Nobody pays us to recommend anything. We just find stuff we like.

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