text:
Universities and the Crisis in Greece: Neo-liberalism in practice?

mer 31/05/2017 - 11:43

par Sokratis Koniordos, Dept. of Sociology, University of Crete

"Economie(s) de la connaissance ? La valeur du savoir dans les sociétés néo-libérales"

Paris Ouest Nanterre, Vendredi 10 Octobre de 9h30-12h30

"Universities and the Crisis in Greece: Neo-liberalism in practice?"

Extended Abstract

Sokratis Koniordos

Dept. of Sociology, University of Crete

sokratiskonio@gmail.com , koniords@uoc.gr

As it is well established, ideas and policies that were labeled neo-liberal were firstly explicitly adopted by the governments of M. Thatcher in the UK in 1979, and Ronald Reagan’s in the USA, a year later. Neo-liberal ideas claim their origins in the liberal doctrines of classical political economy (in some of the views expressed by Adam Smith, for instance), and, more recently, in the philosopher Friedrich August von Hayek, and certain economists such as the Chicago-based Milton Friedman. Neo-liberalism in governance set out a clearly political discourse and policy set, as Stuart Hall and other have analyzed by expounding on the “authoritarian populism” of one neo-liberal variant, i.e. that of Thatcherism (Hall 1980a, 1980b, Hall and Jacques 1983). Overall, neo-liberalism sees the applications of its doctrines as attempts to reverse what it perceived as the unfreedom and excesses of social-democratic statism. The fact of the matter is that while when applied it has mixed results, it nevertheless has been quite successful in the course of the last 45 years in spreading its influence, and it has come to dominate the scenery not only in its Anglo-Saxon heartland, but globally too.

This is not the place to expound on how neo-liberal ideas expanded in waves and took hold globally (about which see, Steiger and Roy 2010). Nevertheless, it is worth keeping in mind the role played by the economic profession in promoting the “D-L-P” formula, i.e. “Deregulation of the economy, Liberalization of trade and industry, and Privatization of state-owned enterprises” (ibid.). It performed neo-liberalism globally, directly and by constituting neo-liberal ideas as the norm via various major international organizations, e.g. the IMF, the OECD, and the World Bank. Once this started happening, the various political elites were all too willing to follow suit and use/promote such ideas.

Of course, neoliberalism is not a unitary idea. Rather it is a set of loosely allied ideas, each of diverse origins and trajectory. They do converge, however, in agreeing that the best way to achieve economic progress is to allow market forces to reign. The claim is that individualized, market-based competition is superior to other ways of organization (Mudge 2008).

Now, the relatedness of neoliberal ideas, construed here as ideology (Huaco 1971), to particular societies, their varied circumstances and contours directly relates with the type and intensity of adoption of such ideas by local political elites and their interaction to particular socio-cultural contexts, as well as the impact of broader influences. When such a complexity is considered it will be realized that each instance of neo-liberalism in action relates to a largely unique and distinct framework and amalgam of influences and determinations, which is amenable to patterning as has been demonstrated by Michael Mann (Mann 2010). In fact Mann, before the full scale of the present crisis unfolded, showed that there are six identifiable macro-regions as distinct regimes of inequality globally and that the impact of neoliberalism upon them is quite variable. Put differently, this indicates the existence of a variety of modes of adaptation to neo-liberalism globally. In fact, he argues that,

Levels of inequality, and the influence of neo-liberalism over them, vary very greatly across the world. Crises of public expenditures on welfare have occurred but often have little to do with neo-liberal programs. Structural adjustment and free trade neo-liberal programs failed to achieve their goals and were losing some of their attraction well before the major financial crisis of 2008-2009 (Mann 2010, p. 3 of original paper).

In a similar vein, Fourcade-Gourinchas and Babb will argue and indeed demonstrate that patterns of state-society relations, institutionalized as they are, differ a lot between counties, determining the ways in which neoliberal transitions were carried out. It is noteworthy that this was so regardless of the country-level of economic development (Fourcade-Gourinchas and Babb 2002). In this sense we may speak of distinct modes of engagement of networks of social relations, local and broader, concrete or ideational, i.e. of emebeddeness to use Granovetter’s (1985) terminology, with neo-liberalism, or of distinct modes of neo-liberalism’s engagement to particular socio-economic formations. The assumption here is that because there is such divergence, although as it was insinuated it is a patterned one, much that passes as neo-liberalism attack here (in this place/country/society), may not necessarily be so there (in another place/country/society).

In other words, one needs to see neo-liberalism’s inroads in relation to the particular circumstances, context, and set arrangements that predate the advent of neo-liberalism in a country or co-existed with it. If this is indeed so then one would have to substantially qualify claims about the specific adverse effects neo-liberalism might have had on the university, and I refer here to the university in Greece.

Among the influences exerted on a European-wide level are also those that stem from the idea of a Europe of knowledge, which on the one hand has led to attempts and measures to advance such an idea, while, on the other, it has been linked it to the idea of a “knowledge society”, with the “knowledge economy” forming, as it were, its backbone. You will recall that at European Council held in Lisbon in March 2000, it was declared and decided that “the way forward” for Europe (i.e. the EU) was to become, by the year 2010, "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion" – the Lisbon Strategy (Lisbon European Council 2000). This was pursued for the purpose of attaining a higher degree of competitiveness in a world in which other competitors, at the time primarily the US and Japan, were particularly strong. Of course, this was a strategy much in line and heavily influenced by neoliberal ideas.

In a similar vein, and despite the availability of clear indications that the strategy was failing, the European University Association publish in 2007 its own “Lisbon Declaration”, expressing its vision for the post-2010 situation. In there the earlier set Lisbon strategy goals were followed and expounded upon. Among other issues, the employability aim was raised and underlined (EUA 2007: 3). My point is that there have been concerted and systematic efforts, and specific measures taken, to streamline the diverse European countries in establishing, upgrading and enhancing the employability of their work forces, and that universities – at least their union – have been a partner in that endeavor. The influence of the EU quasi-state upon national states should not, in other words, be overlooked; undoubtedly there have been attempts to move all education throughout Europe alongside the abovementioned directions.

Now, I turn to the domestic situation. For reasons that go beyond our present purposes, governments in Greece and the social forces that supported them were quite open to the inroads of neo-liberalism. However, they were more ambivalent towards issues that pertaining to education, with higher education generally remaining public. Still, private universities did and do exist, technically since the late-40s. Such institutions mushroomed in the late 1980s and after, although the inroads of private universities/colleges were contained by the non-recognition of degrees these awarded; usually through arrangements with UK and French (state) universities! In most recent years (about four years ago), however, this has changed under EU pressure. Such institutions now award degrees that the state recognizes they recognized (indirectly), but these are of low status, not comparable to state ones.

Greek universities – some basic features: there are 23 in all. They are state-owned and regulated, and autonomous (in academic matters). They are, however, entirely dependent upon state financing for whatever they do. First degree takes a minimum of 4 years – Bolognia is resisted! At the same time the country “boasts” world (per capita) levels of student migration, most of which is directed towards EU countries; primarily the UK.

The opening up of higher eduction and the multiplication of the universities, was in line with the many counties that adopted the human capital logic of OECD sponsored socio-economic development; it has been a gradual process that has started since the early 1960s, but intensified during the 1970s and after. Still, the establishment of universities had another dimension, unrelated per se to a human capital development logic. It was a response to popular demand for education, which in Greece drew on memories (invented or real) of ancient splendor, as well as more recent experiences of survival and upward mobility in adverse times (e.g. the Phanariots during Ottoman rule), the forging of the Greek nation itself (e.g. Koraes in late 18th century France), or the authority and esteem the scientific status bestowes to its holders. These have been fused with people’s imagery that considered and considers university-level education as an all-important path towards non-manual work, itself considered an anathema; accordingly to social elevation.

The financing of this growth has been achieved by partly drawing from the state budget, but also from foreign, mostly EU funding. Indeed, there is no university in Greece which does not display the mandatory boards that mention the EU’s role in constructing buildings, equipping them with virtually all necessities, and even paying for salaries too, albeit for a limited and set period. Indeed, many departments, faculties and universities could only be established with a 75% EU contribution and on top of it a 25% national contribution; the country’s three departments of sociology have been set up largely because of such financing!

The university entry examination system, as it has developed over the years, has been particularly hard on students who have to pass very competitive entry examinations. This is especially true in the highly rated medical and engineering departments and schools, in which the entrance mark is often set at 18,5 or 19 points out of 20. No doubt, those that enter Greek universities are good and even very good students, but the entrance system leaves out many talented youths. What happens after four, five or more years of study is another matter.

In actual practise, once one is admitted, it is hard not to obtain a degree in a Greek university. Students have the mandatory right to take examinations a number of times so as to make sure they pass a course – at the end of the semester in which it has been taught and again in the September examination period. Thereafter, in the case of some courses, they have the right to be examined in a third examination period. The possibility of repeating the same examinations goes hand in glove with the widespread practise of allowing students to take an inordinate large number of courses per semester, particularly so in the last year of studies. The end result is that students who register for two and sometimes three overlapping in time courses just cannot attend them. As class attendance is in most cases not obligatory, the whole system cannot but find refuge in repeating examinations as the major assessment tool. This is also the result of a curriculum that, in practise, it is often restricted to what may be included in one or two textbooks (often dated) and to student class participation which, by definition, is impossible to monitor – especially in classes in which the material is delivered in lecture-form to large audiences.

The situation is further exacerbated by vociferous calls by some left-wing student groups to resist work “intensification”, which in this sorry state of affairs is, to my mind, a euphemism for resisting studying “a lot”! The dominant more middle-of-the-road student groups, themselves open front organisations of the major political parties, add their voices, less vociferously it is true, in this politically inspired attempt to work/study less.

Student block vote. Until two years ago student party political groups were in a position to manipulate university affairs by using their block vote in the elections of department chairs, deans and rectors as bargaining chip. In fact, under that system which has been done away by a new law established only two years ago, students commanded an unprecedentedly world-high percentage of votes in university bodies of 35%; this was often enough employed as block-vote – an outcome of an openly political and clientlistic rational in the law aiming to control universities by political parties. This meant that student political organisations played a key role in who was elected to these posts and heavily influence the policies that were pursued, e.g. repeat examinations, the largely non-compulsory attendance in classes, the number of courses students are allowed to take per semester, who enters post-graduate studies, among other issues, and who gets elected/appointed in the university (give examples, if necessary).

In addition, there have been instances of rampant familism as in the infamous Christinakis family case, at the Dept. of Theology, U. of Athens!

Last but not least, the officially unrecognised, yet widespread cheating practises, only further demeaning university education. Hence, by graduation the most able students, often lured by party politics, have become aspiring public sector employees of indifferent conscience, on the lookout for the most advantageous, and definitely politically connected, opportunities to settle into the various state bureaucracies.

The fact that there has been a new law cannot erase from memory collusion, ploys and micro-political games with the above-mentioned practise. In these, the Left and not only the Right, excelled. There was definitely a statism dominating inn the universities; a non-functional one too! Definitely, this still poisons relations in the universities in a variety of ways. Changes brought about by the new law are several, important and often unsettling, with new antagonisms emerging, e.g. the School vs. the Department, the Council vs. The Senate, and so on.

The crisis: What it is!! It is an absolutely key issue to the understanding of developments in Greece, and in its higher education.

A crisis, both notionally as well as experientially, is usually conceived as an exception, a “peak”, a turning point, a perhaps catastrophic accident, or an anomaly of an otherwise ongoing, regular and concrete phenomenon or set of phenomena.

When it is employed in a more directly sociological way, the idea of crisis (or contradiction) refers, as J. Habermas points out, to the clash between systems integration and social integration. The current crisis has been seen as one marked by the domination of neo-liberalism and the development of financialization, which has been one of its most celebrated outgrowths. More concretely, a solid prerequisite – an outcome itself of financialization – has been the tremendous expansion of credit, particularly since the late 1990s. Greece too, as a country, took advantage of this. It borrowed with low interest, but most heavily, to finance welfare, infrastructures, education, and for other purposes too.

For a complex set of reasons, the Greece became incapable to continue its lending. The crisis that emerged assumed the form of a sovereign debt crisis, threatened the common currency, the euro, and drove the country to bankruptcy in 2009-2010. This outcome was derailed from actually occurring by means of two huge bail-outs, plus a so-called haircutting of various obligations. As the crisis unfolded, it run in parallel with a depression of the economy, which it only deepened and extended – now is in its seventh year! [Expound if necessary].

Neo-liberalism is definitely present in the recipe being followed on how to come out from the crisis, which exacerbate the problem of unemployment, including youth unemployment, currently at 28% and 65%, respectively.

Cuts in budget and salaries occurred, reflecting the need to roll over state expenditures. Were cuts necessary? This is a most highly contentious issue! Yet, it is only more than reasonable that in such circumstances of quasi-bankruptcy, the state expenses had to be rolled over. Hence a series of restraining measures that affected all aspects of the public sector, and the universities too, were to follow and they did! In relation to universities, it meant the heavy curtailment of state subsidies to them, which up to now has been the only source of their financing, and the cuts in salaries (that were horizontal, took place in two installments, totaling a rough 35%) and the heightened increases in taxation.[1] These in themselves produced vulnerabilities in the smooth running of the universities and in a sense hit harder those students that used the welfare functions available in them. However, it is reasonable to say that in themselves these were measures taken that were largely unaffected by neo-liberalism – since aim, subtle or expressed, was not to bring in the market as the first or ultimate regulator. Instead, it was/is just to save on state expenses and increase the state’s income in extraordinary conditions. On the other hand, such measures for the most part were integrated in the agreements made with the borrowers, i.e. the bail out-agreements inscribed in the “Memorandum”.

Nowadays: with respect to universities, new appointments, do not currently occur since the 1 to 10 rule is applied with respect to all hirings in the public sector (explain it). In addition, university teachers’ salaries that were frozen for six years before the eruption of the crisis have now, i.e. over the last four years, plunged due to cuts (two such reductions have been effected) by an approx. 34-36%.[2] At the same time, mandatory hours of teaching have been increased by about 30%. These, no doubt, are disenheartening developments for university teaching staff who feel quite squeezed and battered too! Also, there have been and continue to take place severe cuts in the universities’ budgets, that exceed the 50% of the pre-crisis budgets. (Example: University of Crete this year. The university has 6 million euro of standard inelastic expenses. Yet this year it is scheduled to receive 3,3 million – resignation of vice-dean!)

The claim has been that the tremendous challenges and problems that universities in Greece currently face can be attributed to the adoption of a neo-liberal outlook by successive governments in control of the central state. I think that this claim makes some sense only in very overall terms.

Neo-liberalism with respect to knowledge, particularly here knowledge generated by universities, implies that new, as well as more mature, knowledge may become a marketed commodity. Is this the case with Greek universities? Are they organized to produce research and graduates-bearers of knowledge as marketable commodities? And are graduates trained and streamlined to orient themselves to use the knowledge they have obtained as commodities.

My shorthand answer is a simultaneous “yes” and “no”, but I will qualify this by noting that this has rather little to do with the current wave of neo-liberalism! One the one hand, it pre-existed, and it is not particularly efficient, on the other![3]

This situation with respect to the universities has pretty little to do with any perceived needs of capital accumulation. In fact, it arguably goes against it, or in any event it does not facilitate it. Yet it seemingly persists without triggering explosions. One most interesting and relevant reason for this is that university-level education is not, apparently, in alignment with the country’s economy, which is marked by small and very small (micro) business enterprises, mostly in the services that are more labor- than capital-intensive. In fact, there is a structural inability of the local labor market to absorb highly skilled professionals (Labrianidis 2014, Labrianidis and Vogiatzis 2013), which during the crisis years has been a contributing factor in the unfolding of an elite emigration from Greece to several western counties, mostly within the EU.

Following such a line of reasoning, I argue that there have been neo-liberal inroads in the country, at the political and economic levels, both before and after the eruption of the on-going crisis in late 2009. But while on paper the advent of neo-liberalism has been somewhat significant in overall terms; in actual practise it has been quite limited. In effect, much of the condemnation of the current situation in Greek universities as the outcome of neo-liberal impositions on the latter is erroneous; it is just barking on the wrong tree, and to take the analogy further, the cat is nesting in another tree!

Of course, the all-powerful Greek Ministry of Education, by means of changes in the legislature and control of university financing, upon which the latter utterly depend upon, impose their successive sets of changes and rules, which not infrequently triggers responses that disorganize the smooth running of university education. Add to this the threat of imposed reorganization, processes of external evaluation and various diktats that are not outcomes of the sovereign debt crisis the country is facing, but of mere vulgar hierarchical commandism in the running of everyday affairs. These however, by some figment of imagination have been called the “deconstruction and catastrophy of the public university”; to my understanding this they are not! According to the latter line of reasoning, reforms effected from above, i.e. initiated by the Ministry of Education, are perceived to form elements of hideous plots that aim to lower defenses and deliver public universities and their output, i.e. students, research outcomes, academic staff, as well as clerical staff, to the whims of capitalist market forces. The latter are supposed to be only too happy to exploit them for their own purposes, which are perceived to be private and against society at large. Is this a true representation of ongoing processes? Personally I feel that it is and that these, as already indicated, for the most part are unrelated to neo-liberalism. Notwithstanding this, I will accept the existence of Ministry of Education-orchestrated creeping proposals that appear to direct towards training rather than education, and modular flexibility, which may be seen to entail a modicum of neo-liberal themes. Still, my main claim and point is that, although not innocent, neo-liberalism is not particularly to be blamed for the current sorry state of affairs of universities in Greece.

Could something good come out of this mess? The on-going crisis might have positive outcomes only if it would lead to a solution of the financial deficits (much doubted, say by Paul Krugman), which would involve a major upgrading of the real economy. Undoubtedly, to achieve that interested parties, and the universities too, have to be released from their breast-feeding and dependence on clientelism and partytocracy, although to become mature one must also want it. Theoretically speaking awakened intellectuals may assume their critical role – a possibility however that would require an improbable cultural revolution!

To conclude, I will remind the topic of this presentation, which is "Universities and the Crisis in Greece: Neo-liberalism in practice?” As a general direction of policy, ideas and practices that are neo-liberal in character have been instrumental in creating the overall conditions of crisis and near-bankruptcy. But this cannot absolve the political elites of the country form conducting social and economic policy, hiring a lot more people than needed, creating infrastructures, etc. for the basic reason of catering for their political clientele. Clientelism, the particular content and forms it assumed in Greece and, of course other contingent factors are at the heart of the process of bringing the country down. Once this occurred, the worsening of the situation in the universities occurred as part of the deals with the borrowers that bailed out the country to cut down on public spending, pure and simple. It is true that some effort has been made to introduce market competition, but these attempts fade in comparison with the urgency of the situation and the severity of economizing measures. At the same time, the utterly ineffective bureaucracies, marked by commandism in their style of operation, remain intact. And yet, in the name of fighting against imaginary threats, in “resisting” neo-liberalism, measures that could safeguard the survival of universities are halted! Thus, my feeling is that we all sail, whether we like it or not, towards unchartered waters!

European University Association (EUA) (2007), “Lisbon Declaration- “Europe’s Universities beyond 2010: Diversity with a Common Purpose”, Brussels, 13 April.

Fourcade-Gourinchas, Marion and. Babb, Sarah L (2002), “The Rebirth of the Liberal Creed: Paths to Neoliberalism in Four Countries”, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 108 (3): 533-579.

Granovetter, Mark (1985), “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness”, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 91: 481–510.

Hall Stuart (1980a), “Thatcherism-a new stage?”, Marxism Today, February, pp. 26-9.

Hall Stuart (1980b), “Popular Democratic vs., Authoritarian Populism: Two ways of taking democracy seriously”, in Alan Hunt (ed.), Marxism and Democracy, London, Lawrence & Wishart.

Hall Stuart and Jacques, Martin (eds) (1983), The Politics of Thatcherism, London, Lawrence & Wishart.

Huaco, G. A. (1971). “On Ideology”, Acta Sociologica, vol. 14 (4): 245-55.

Klossas, Alexandros (2014), “Champions in Taxation”, Eleftherotypia (daily), 12 April 2014 (in Greek).

Labrianidis, Lois (2014), “Investing in leaving: The Greek case of international migration of professionals”, Mobilities, vol. 9 (2): 314-335, DOI: 10.1080/17450101.2013.813723.

Labrianidis, Lois and Vogiatzis, Nikos (2013), “The mutually reinforcing relation between international migration of highly educated labour force and economic crisis: the case of Greece”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, vol. 13 (4): 525-551, DOI: 10.1080/14683857.2013.859814.

Lisbon European Council (2000), Presidency Conclusions, 23 and 24 March, Lisbon, accessible at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/00100-r1.en0.htm

Mann, Michael (2010), “The Variable Impact of Neo-Liberalism Across the Globe”), in S. Koniordos and N. Fotopouls (eds), Poverty, inequalities and education in the globalization context, Athens: KANEP/GSEE, pp. 99-125 (in Greek).

Mudge, Stephanie Lee (2008), “What is neo-liberalism?”, Socio-Economic Review, vol. 6: 703–731.

Steger, Manfred B. and Roy, Ravi K. (2010), Neoliberalism: A very short introduction, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

[1] An indication of this is given by Greece’s prime position among the OECD countries in terms of family tax burden, which is set at 44, 5% for 2013, followed by France at 41.6% and Belgium at 41%. By contrast, the lowest levels are recorded for New Zealand at 2.4%, Ireland at 6.8% and Chile at 7%; the OECD counties average stands at 26.4% (Klossas 2014).

[2] Another example of the consequences of the under-financing of higher education is the failure, for more than a year now (despite announcements that “the problem has been resolved”), to pay electronic journal subscription with the result that access to them has been blocked, which is not very good for research or even teaching.

[3] Fact: there has been a consistent call the present government of the day, mostly by its senior partner, to recognize private universities. Then, once this has been done, they proceed to cater the establishment of new ones. Yet, with one exception, the education offered there is by definition substandard! At the same time opening up the sector to private interests is an EU issue with which one supposedly has to meet; part of the acquis communautaire! In effect, neo-liberal policies do not cash in, even if initially successfully.

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text:
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Local Pumpkin Patches

It’s that time of year again, the days are getting shorter, leaves are starting to change, and it’s time to dust off the rain boots and jackets and head out to find that perfect pumpkin!  With the addition of my daughter this year to my family, I am looking forward to starting a new family tradition of heading out together in search of that perfect pumpkin for my little pumpkin!  Check out the list below for the pumpkin patches near you!

Biringer’s Black Crow Pumpkins & Corn Maze (Arlington)

Foster’s Produce & Corn Maze (Arlington)

Mosby Farm (Auburn)

Maris Farms (Buckley)

Jubilee Farm (Carnation)

Remlinger Farm (Carnation)

Fairbank Farm (Edmonds)

Thomasson Family Farm (Enumclaw)

Baxter Barn (Fall City)

Fall City Farms (Fall City)

Fox Hollow Farm (Issaquah)

Carpinito Brothers (Kent)

Carleton Farm (Lake Stevens)

Baylor Farm (Monroe)

Picha’s Farm (Puyallup)

Spooner Farms (Puyallup)

Serres Farm (Redmond)

Bailey Vegetables (Snohomish)

Bob’s Corn & Pumpkin Farm (Snohomish)

Craven Farm (Snohomish)

Stocker Farms (Snohomish)

The Farm at Swan’s Trail (Snohomish)

Thomas Family Farm (Snohomish)

Posted on September 16, 2016 at 4:25 pm
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Special Olympics Youth Innovation Grantees announced

Special Olympics North Carolina youth leaders receive funds

Special Olympics North Carolina youth leaders are among the inaugural recipients of Special Olympics International’s Youth Innovation grants. Nineteen student-led inclusion initiatives in communities across the United States received funding that aims to advance broad range of inclusion initiatives and Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools®.

Kayla Amy and Josh Cannon, both of Northwood High School in Pittsboro, received one of the Youth Innovation grants and will use the $2,500 grant to fund a year-round focus on Unified Sports® programming in Chatham County. The pair will work with school leadership to plan and implement Unified track, Unified softball and Unified flag football training and competition opportunities throughout the 2018-2019 school year.  The entire Northwood High School student body will participate as fans and supporters of these inclusive teams.

“Through our Youth Innovation Grants, we are investing in the next generation of change makers and their outstanding ideas — the generation who is leading the inclusion revolution,” said Dr. Tim Shriver, Chairman of Special Olympics. “We look forward to seeing this investment hurry history and help deliver a complete end to discrimination against people with intellectual disabilities.”

The funded projects will help to both strengthen and create more Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools® — schools that combine Special Olympics Unified Sports®, inclusive youth leadership and whole school engagement to create school and community climates of acceptance and inclusion. Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools® is funded by the U.S. Office of Special Education Programs at the U.S. Department of Education.

Students with and without intellectual disabilities applied for funding as individuals or as inclusive pairs (two people with and without intellectual disabilities). Special Olympics programs from Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, Washington State, and Wyoming will receive the first round of funding.

The grants are being made in Special Olympics’ 50th anniversary year. As part of the celebration, the organization is challenging people across the globe to join its “Revolution is Inclusion” campaign — an all-out effort to end discrimination against people with intellectual disabilities. Led by Special Olympics athletes, the organization launched the campaign because despite progress, exclusion is still real for millions of people with intellectual disabilities in every aspect of their lives. The good news is: when the world chooses to include, #choosetoinclude, everything changes in a positive way for everyone. The public can show their support by taking the Inclusion Pledge at

About Special Olympics North Carolina

Throughout 2018, the Special Olympics movement is celebrating 50 years of joy, courage and empowerment. Since 1968, the organization has used the transformative power of sports to improve the lives of children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Nearly 40,000 athletes in North Carolina inspire thousands of coaches, sports officials, local program committee members and event organizers involved in Special Olympics statewide.  SONC offers year-round training and competition in 19 Olympic-type sports on local and state levels as well as health and wellness initiatives to improve the health status and increase access to community health resources for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Youth become agents of change through Unified Champion Schools, an education and sports based program created by Special Olympics to build an inclusive environment among youth with and without intellectual disabilities as well as empower them to become youth leaders and create change in their community. Visit Special Olympics North Carolina at Engage with us on TwitterInstagramFacebook and YouTube

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MEGADETH’s DAVID ELLEFSON: ‘It’s Great That The Young People Are Wearing Our Shirts And Listening To Our Songs’

Sunday, 02 December 2018

Sofa King Cool recently conducted an interview with MEGADETH bassist David Ellefson. You can watch the entire chat below. A few excerpts follow (transcribed by BLABBERMOUTH.NET).

On the “intimacy” of his current “Basstory” tour:

David: “That seems to be the comment we get — it’s such a different concept, it’s such a different thing. In this day and age where, as we get bigger, our bands — thank goodness — in popularity, you can’t help but sometimes just lose the grassroots thing. And I think we do pretty good with that. We do the meet-and-greets; we try to do as many fan experiences as we can. But I thought doing this right now in the season when MEGADETH is off the road and come in and really get back to the… Really, this is the level of ‘Killing Is My Business […Business Is Good]’ tour and ‘Peace Sells [… But Who’s Buying?]’ tour, so to really come back at this level… I mean, that’s what I feel like. I go, ‘Oh my gosh.’ I remember playing ‘Peace Sells’ in a room about this big in 1985 and 1986. So it’s fun for me and fans seem to be digging it.”

On his upcoming plans, including his ATTITUDES & ALTITUDES side project that also features ANTHRAX bassist Frank Bello:

David: “[We have] a whole run. In fact, in January, Frank and I will do a quick little stop at NAMM, and then we go to ShipRocked. We’re actually gonna do a ‘Basstory’ on ShipRocked with me and Frank. ‘Cause one of the things I’m now doing is expanding this out to bring other musicians in. I brought in my friend Felix Robinson, who was the bass player in ANGEL; ANGEL and KISS grew up together on Casablanca Records. [I’m] doing stuff with Frank. Like today, I went over to Johny Chow‘s restaurant from STONE SOUR. And there’s another bass player — when I worked at Peavey, he was an artist of mine that I was working with, and I saw him in his very early days. And him going through all the struggles with all these different gigs and finally with STONE SOUR just doing so well, to me, that’s a ‘bass story.’ And now he’s got a restaurant with his wife. And he literally came home from Russia, right in, and he’s slinging dishes and serving food. That’s kind of what I do with coffee. I come off tour with MEGADETH and bang, I’m on the phone or we’re doing coffee or we’re setting up ‘Basstory’ and putting out records with [Ellefson‘s label] EMP. Like the saying goes: ‘If you do something you like, you never have to work a day in your life.’ And that, to me, is the goal: do things you’re passionate about, and that kind of keeps it all moving.”

On MEGADETH‘s 2019 plans, including the summer North American tour in support of Ozzy Osbourne:

David: “Yeah, it’s kind of a busy couple of months in Europe. [From] ShipRocked, [we go] straight over to Europe. We have some U.K. dates, some Europe dates. Then Slash was kind enough to put us [ATTITUDES & ALTITUDES] on some dates. He and I have been friends for many, many years, and he’s one of the good guys of our business, and obviously, just a fantastic guitar player. And then, from there, I’m actually gonna stay in Europe and do another run of ‘Basstory’ across Europe. I did about 10 days and kind of skimmed the surface a little bit. And it’s a little different over there. That’s what’s fun about this — every territory, and even in Europe, every country has its own sort of temperament. So I’m gonna go down to Turkey, I’m gonna go to Italy, Spain, France, over to the Czech Republic, even up to Denmark, Germany. So I’ll be hitting a lot of different countries over there. And from there, we’ll start ramping up for the Ozzy tour. Which is great. As we’re doing ‘Basstory’, everybody comes [and goes], ‘Man, I just bought my tickets yesterday.’ So, yeah, that’s gonna be one of the big tours of the summer.”

On the status of the next MEGADETH studio album:

David: “We’re doing it now. We’ve been working on it, compiling riffs and putting things together. It’s just kind of the process of the nature of how our songs work. We’ve never been a band where we get in the room and [we say] ‘Hey, bro, let’s jam.’ It’s never been that. It’s kind of creating a riff and an idea, and we sort of start piecing them together. We had, really, two or three years of [touring in support of] ‘Dystopia’, which is a lot for an album. So we’re at this interesting moment in the band where, obviously, people wanna hear new music, because we continue to make good records, so they wanna hear them. And, yet, they still… Like tonight, I’ve noticed on ‘Basstory’, I’ll throw out some stories and it’s almost like a lot of people weren’t born before 1985 or 1990, and I’ll tell [them] about, ‘Hey, did anybody see the ‘Peace Sells’ tour?’ and it’s like crickets. And I’m, like, ‘Oh my God! This is a really young audience.’ We’re really blessed. 35 years of MEGADETH — we’re in our fourth decade — so four generations of MEGADETH fans. So we’ve got really young kids. And it’s funny — the young kids are going back and getting into the earlier stuff; they’re the ones that are digging into the ’80s and the early ’90s. And then we’ve got fans probably our age, who have grown up with the band. I mean, there was a day when I was ‘Junior.’ At 18, starting MEGADETH with Dave [Mustaine, vocals/guitar], I was like one of the young, young guys on the campus, and now I’m one of the elder statesmen of the genre. But it’s so cool to just have a whole world, kind of just a global tribe, that we’ve all grown up together. And it’s great that the young people are growing up and wearing our shirts and listening to our songs. They’re hearing it on Spotify — they’re not buying albums. Young people don’t buy albums — they buy one song or a couple of songs. And hey, that’s how they buy music. It’s all right.”

On choosing a MEGADETH setlist:

David: “it’s funny. there’s probably 18 to 20 just kind of go-to songs; there’s certainly a dozen of them for sure: ‘Symphony [Of Destruction]’, ‘Peace Sells’, ‘Holy Wars […And The Punishment Due]’, ‘Hanger 18’, ‘Trust’ — the ones that have been just the staples in the set — and you almost can’t play a show without ’em. I mean, it just doesn’t feel right. And I noticed when Dave was rebuilding MEGADETH with ‘The System Has Failed’ and ‘United Abominations’, I saw him really being forward. Because we have done so many of these… even through ‘Cryptic Writings’. ‘Cryptic Writings’ was kind of a big turn, because we started headlining a lot of big radio festivals. But by ‘Risk’, it turned again. Heavier bands like DISTURBED and GODSMACK and COAL CHAMBER and younger bands were coming up. There was always a struggle to stay out of the clubs and stay out of the theaters and really keep it up in the arena level. And I think Gigantour is probably a really good effort to, ‘Okay, how do we do what did with ‘Clash Of The Titans’?’ We’re greater than the sum of our parts — two plus two equals five. How do we make that happen? And I think that’s what we’ve been really trying to do with MEGADETH — always keep it up at that level, cause I think it deserves to be at that level. When it’s that level, not only do more people get to enjoy it, but we get to enjoy it. It’s a much more professional setting. You’re not dealing with kind of the late-night bar/club environment and setting. ‘Cause that burns you out, man. That’s one way to send you to early retirement. ‘Cause you go, ‘Screw this. I don’t wanna do this anymore.’ But I think when you can keep it up at a big, arena, stadium level, it makes the whole experiences just so much more enjoyable. And, obviously, there’s enough fans who support it. And if that means putting together package things, where we can go out and team up with several other big groups and make it even bigger than any one of us can do on our own… Again, what METALLICA did, that was very wise of them with the ‘Big Four.’ I mean, METALLICA can play stadiums [on its own], but it was a different experience when it was all four of us together. It really was. It was a super-cool moment. So I think just for all of us, we’re always thinking about what that sort of connection is to our audience. And that connection is always changing because, again, the more years we’re around, there’s always a new group of fans that come in. And so we’re always conscious about how to connect with them.”

Ellefson‘s “Basstory” tour combines solo bass performance with David‘s celebrated brand of storytelling, as he recounts intimate details of his struggles and triumphs in the name of rock ‘n’ roll. “Basstory” also includes special VIP meet-and-greets, exclusive merchandise, and more.

“Dystopia” was released in early 2016. The band’s next LP, which is tentatively due in 2019, will be the first to feature new drummer Dirk Verbeuren (ex-SOILWORK).

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There are things in your past that have made you who you are today.  A person, place or thing came into your life and changed everything from black & white to color in an instant.  Those micro-seconds created beauty where none existed before.

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Follow @southasiaanalys

United States

China's natural Allies -Pakistan and North Korea in Economic Distress

Paper No. 6449          Dated 21-Oct-2019

By Dr Subhash Kapila

Pakistan and North Korea long maintained by me as China’s only ‘Natural Allies’ are in an acute economic distress. China may have built-up Pakistan and North Korea as nuclear weapons states with missiles arsenal, however seemingly, has not contributed anything to buttress their economic strengths and resilience leaving them open to stray away from China’s orbit.

Afghanistan:US led 17 years’ War- No end in Sight!

Paper No. 6438                         Dated 11-Oct-2018

By R M Panda

On 7th October 2018, Taliban greeted the 17h year of United States invasion of Afghanistan by attacks that caused 54 deaths of whom 35 were Security Personnel and the rest civilians.

India’s Pivotal Indo-Pacific Power Build up needs US & Russian Inputs

Paper No. 6437 .          Dated 8-Oct-2018

By Dr Subhash Kapila

Contemporary and unfolding geopolitical imperatives dictate that both the United States and Russia need to stand committed to the power-buildup of India as the pivotal Indo Pacific Power. India’s power attributes of a proven responsible stakeholder in Indo Pacific security management could serve security interests of both the United States and Russia.

Reconciliation Process in Afghanistan: Will it Work?

Paper No. 6429              Dated 20-Sept-2018

By R M Panda

Afghanistan Geo Political Situation End 2018- Revisted

Paper No. 6428             Dated 19-Sept-2018

By Dr Subhash Kapila

Geopolitically, Afghanistan in end-2018 can best be characterised that it has certainly not turned out as United States second not so victorious Vietnam War despite Pakistan’s effort in collusion with China to forge a China-Pakistan-Russia Trilateral to adversely tilt the balance against the United States. United States continues to be firmly embedded in Afghanistan as resolved by US President Trump.

China & Pakistan in United States Crosshairs in 2018

Paper No. 6419                          Dated 2-Sept-2018

By Dr Subhash Kapila

Afghanistan: Terrorists Gaining Ground?

Paper No. 6415             Dated 26-Aug-2018

By R.M. Panda

The situation in Afghanistan is confusing with the interference of all major powers who pursue their own agenda and their strategic interests. The beleaguered Afghan Government that has been legitimately elected has been fighting on all fronts and doing its best.

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Missions on Our Doorstep – Sunday Nights in July

Eric Costanzo

If someone would have told me two years ago that our missions momentum would be this far along in just two years, I might have accused him of mockery. At that time I was in my first few weeks at South Tulsa, and our strategy was little more than prayer and study. I knew in my heart I wanted our church to expand our missions reach significantly, especially to people from the middle-eastern and eastern Asian world. That part of the world is home to the most “unreached” people groups on the planet, and the need for the hope of the Good News about Jesus is both desperate and urgent. I had no idea what that was going to look like, however.

Thankfully, and unsurprisingly, God had a plan. It became clear quickly that we would not need to travel across the world to encounter unreached peoples. They live in our neighborhoods and all around our church. The opportunity for significant cross-cultural missions is truly on our doorstep. God has led us to develop an extensive and growing ministry to international people, including many who are immigrants and refugees. As these ministries and opportunities continue to expand, it is imperative we continue seeking God’s leadership to stay in step with Him.

Each Sunday night in July, we will dig into the Scriptures under the leadership of several excellent teachers including:

• J.D. Greear – pastor, recently elected President of the SBC

• Danny Akin – President of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary

• Ra’ed – guest pastor from the Middle East

• Matthew Soerens – US Church Training Specialist for World Relief

• J.D. Payne – pastor, missionary, church multiplication specialist

Jesus has commissioned us as His followers to take the Good News about Him “to every nation,” “to the ends of the earth,” and “to all creation.” Join us as we continue to seek God’s leadership to more effectively engage our neighbors in the name of Christ.

1 comment (Add your own)

1. Dave Bender wrote:
This series on Sunday night looks great and compliments ministries going on at our church in Missions. Will some of these speakers be on video?

Sat, June 23, 2018 @ 8:45 AM

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Conference Proceedings

A quantitative evaluation of the environmental impact of the mega constellations

Alessandro Rossi1,Elisa M. Alessi1,Giovanni B. Valsecchi2,Hugh Lewis3,Jonas Radtke4,Claudio Bombardelli5,Benjamin Bastida Virgili6
IFAC-CNR1IAPS-INAF2University of Southampton,3Technische Universitaet Braunschweig,4Technical University of Madrid5IMS Space Consultancy at ESA-ESOC Space Debris Office6

Document details

Publishing year2017 PublisherESA Space Debris Office Publishing typeConference Name of conference7th European Conference on Space Debris
Pagesn/a Volume
T. Flohrer, F. Schmitz

In the next decades a number of large satellites constellations
are expected to be launched in Low Earth Orbit.
The huge number of satellites involved in these constellations
poses new challenges to the space debris community at large.
As currently envisaged, these large ensembles of satellites will mainly fly in the already crowded LEO region and the proper management of the launch and disposal traffic will be essential to limit the impact of these space structures on the future evolution of the space environment.
A large number of complex long term evolution simulations were performed in the framework of an ESA-ESOC Contract, to explore and highlight the main parameters driving the future evolution of the environment and to define the best management practices, able to minimize the debris production in the future.
The preliminary results of this study were presented in [1].
Building on the index described in [3] and [2], in this paper we aim at defining a metric and a subsequent index able to quantify the environmental impact of the mega constellations.
The index takes into account the physical and orbital characteristics of the constellation satellites, along with the mitigation practices adopted for each constellation.
Based on the expected collision risk and the capability of
avoiding impacts, the operational and non-operational satellites and
the related upper stages, present in each constellation, enter the index computation with different relative weights to properly account for the global constellation effects on the environment.
An averaged, time evolving, index computed on altitude shells can give quantitative and visually effective indication of the effectiveness of the mitigation practices applied by a constellation operator.
The index, along with other metrics described in [2] also allow easier comparison between different simulation scenarios.
The metrics and the index are applied to the results of a sub-sample of the long term simulations produced in the Contract, showing the relative importance of different design parameters and allowing a better ranking of possible mitigation measures.

[1] Bastida Virgili B., Krag H., Lewis H., Radtke J., Rossi A., (2016),
Mega-constellations, small satellites and their impact on the space debris environment, Paper IAC-16,A6,2,4,x34551, 67th International Astronautical Congress (IAC)}, Guadalajara, Mexico, 26-30 September 2016.

[2] Bombardelli C., Alessi E.M., Rossi A., G.B. Valsecchi G.B., (2016),
Environmental Impact of Space Debris Repositioning,
IAC-16,A6,IP,24,x34589, 67th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Guadalajara, Mexico, 26-30 September 2016.

[3] Rossi A., G.B. Valsecchi G.B., Alessi E.M., (2015), The Criticality of Spacecraft Index, Advances in Space Research, 56, 449–460.


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Tuesday, April 19, 2016

Laser Cloaking of Earth From Alien Civilizations?

A 22W laser used for adaptive optics on the Very Large Telescope in Chile. A suite of similar lasers could be used to alter the shape of a planet's transit for the purpose of broadcasting or cloaking the planet. Credit: ESO / G. Hüdepohl
(Image Sources: ESO / G. Hüdepohl)

From: EarthSky.org

In a paper published on Wednesday, 2016 March 30 in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, two astronomers at Columbia University in New York propose that humanity could use lasers to conceal the Earth from searches by advanced extraterrestrial civilizations.

The new work is in line with suggestions by several prominent scientists, including Stephen Hawking, who have cautioned against humanity’s broadcasting its presence to intelligent life on other planets, lest those civilizations be warlike and desirous of Earth resources.

And it’s in line with an abundance of work over past decades in which earthly astronomers have sought distant planets in our Milky Way galaxy. A primary method for finding these exoplanets is the transit method, which is a high-tech search for a minute dip in starlight when a planet moves directly in front of the star it orbits. Transits are the main way that the Kepler mission and similar projects have discovered some 2,000 planets orbiting distant suns. So far, a few tens of these worlds appear to be similar in size to the Earth.

The suggestion for Earth-cloaking by the Columbia astronomers supposes that other civilizations might also try to find Earth-like planets using the transit method.

More - Link >>> https://earthsky.org/space/use-laser-cloaking-to-hide-earth-from-aliens

Sources: Royal Astronomical Society, EarthSky.org .
              2016 April 19.

Related Blog Post ---

"Laser-Propelled Nano-Space Probe to Reach Alpha Centauri in 20 Years?"

2016 April 14.

Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2016/04/laser-propelled-nano-space-probe-to.html

            May 9 - Safe Public Viewing of Rare Astronomical Event

                                                               Historic 10-inch Siderostat-type Refractor Telescope at Pittsburgh's original Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science.
        2016: 75th Year of Pittsburgh's Buhl Planetarium Observatory
     Link >>> http://spacewatchtower.blogspot.com/2016/01/astronomical-calendar-2016-january.html

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1 comment:

  1. (IF)" humanity could use lasers to conceal the Earth from searches by advanced extraterrestrial civilizations." What about other giant planets in our solar system? What if (advanced extraterrestrial civilizations) had an advanced cancelling a method of our lasers use...would our concealing the earth, work? What if (highly) AEC already know our earth on one hand, on the the other, our technology is more primitive than theirs? What we can do? What if too many extraterrestrial civilizations are already in contact to each other, and pass knowledge to each other, forming a united universal society, are we going to isolate ourselves from that? Why we have to hide, and not to face the possible reality in a positive ways of preparations in many methods starting with advanced teaching people of the earth in the same time forming an advance defence system not just to the earth but to our entire solar system in case of any possible dangers that may come from outer space. But we should not be aggressive against any peaceful (AEC) and which also can be too many out there, that would necessitate to communicate with them.


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Maybe You Should Move Those Away From You

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Thursday, February 2, 2012

Sawi Lieu / I\D CDr

I first had the chance to hear this split CDr between Indonesian artist Sawi Lieu and Singapore's I\D while reviewing the disc through Foxy Digitalis. The extreme filters, synthetic layering, improvization, and joyful experimentation immediately captured me. I think there's definitely an audience for this type of experimental music in America, and I\D was kind enough to send some copies to me.

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I\D contrast Sawi Lieu's synthetic layers with series of live drum propulsions and wild, unrestrained guitar work. There are other synthetic elements and unclassifiable noises throughout the two parts of I\D's suite -- "Four Horesemen of the Apocalypse," and the electronic elements are as extreme as the filters on the wah-wah guitar. As the second part enters, the ensemble insanity cools, and I\D present hypnotic, cleaner guitar sequences. I\D present a distorted, interrupted version of completely free improvisation that nevertheless portrays a clear vision through their interaction.

CDr: Sawi Lieu / I\D split (self-released) $7 ppd US / $10 ppd world

I\D back catalog

I recently received copies for distribution of the Sawi Lieu and I\D split CDr, to showcase the collaboration between noisemakers from Indonesia and Singapore. I also received a few copies of two previous releases from experimental group I\D.

Midnight Hot and Elite, Kvlt, Irrevocably Tr00 showcase I\D's penchant for unrestrained experimentation between noise and completely free jazz. As a result, the group present tracks that are percussive and intense along some surprising displays of space, loose arrangements, and disconcerting stops.

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I\D produce personal, challenging improvizational and structured explorations of noise, free jazz, and electronic/synthetic manipulation.

CD: I\D, Midnight Hot (2009, self-released, 32 minutes), $10 ppd US / $15 ppd world

CD: I\D, Elite, Kvlt, Irrevocably Tr00 (2007, self-released, +60 minutes), $10 ppd US / $15 ppd world