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Friday, September 29, 2017

Resolution opposing assisted suicide to be debated in US Congress.

By Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director - Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

The Washington Times published an excellent article about the press conference organized by Rep Brad Wenstrup (Ohio) and the National Alliance Against Legalizing Assisted Suicide announcing the introduction of Resolution 80 opposing assisted suicide. According to the Washington Times Wenstrup stated:
“My feeling is when the government supports, encourages or facilitates suicide, whether assisted by physicians or otherwise, we devalue our fellow citizens, our fellow human beings,” Mr. Wenstrup said during the press conference at the Longworth House Office Building. “I don’t believe that’s who we should be.”
Dozens of disability rights leaders attended the press conference.

Anita Cameron, the minority outreach director for the disability rights group Not Dead Yet was reportedly stated:
Anita Cameron, minority outreach director for Not Dead Yet, said she has been protesting efforts to repeal Obamacare over the past few days. She said physician-assisted suicide laws only exacerbate the problems with the health care system.
“That kind of ties in with assisted suicide because if you’re taking away health care from people, it’s just that much easier, if assisted suicide also passed, it’s that much easier to recommend prescribed suicide pills for people,” Ms. Cameron said. “And that’s something we don’t want.”
J.J. and Kristen Hanson
Statements on behalf of J.J. Hanson, the President of the Patients Rights Action Fund, were read by his wife Kristen. Hanson has been affected by recent seizures, Hanson stated:

If assisted suicide had been available at the time of his diagnosis, he would have been tempted to end his life, especially during a bout of depression.
“As I wondered, ‘Am I too much of a burden to my family?’ When I asked, ‘Is ending my life easier than this?’ I thought about it, and I considered it,” said Mrs. Hanson, reading for her husband. “Thankfully, I did not end my life, and that is why I am here today.”

Second plaintiff in British Columbia case dies by euthanasia.

By Taylor Hyatt - Policy Analyst, Toujours Vivant - Not Dead Yet

Taylor Hyatt
CBC News recently reported that Robyn Moro, one of two plaintiffs in a court case challenging the “reasonably foreseeable” death requirement of Canada’s euthanasia law, received a doctor’s assistance to die at the end of August.

Ms. Moro had Parkinson’s disease. She was allegedly allergic to many of the pain medications commonly used by people with her condition. Her request for euthanasia was originally denied in March because her doctor did not believe her death was “reasonably foreseeable.”

According to the CBC report, Ms. Moro’s doctor (Ellen Wiebe) refused to grant euthanasia requests from patients who were believed to have more than five years to live, based on statistical projections of the life expectancy of the named plaintiff in the Carter case.

However, Dr Wiebe changed her mind following an Ontario Superior Court ruling in June of this year in the case of AB v. Attorney General of Canada. In that decision, Judge Paul Perell stated that the “reasonably foreseeable” death standard does not require a person's illness to be terminal. Nor does their death need to be imminent or likely to occur within a given period of time.

According to CBC, Dr. Wiebe calculated that AB, the subject of the Ontario Court ruling, might have lived another 10 years. This became her new limit. Since she believed Ms. Moro could not survive that long, Wiebe felt Moro was now eligible for euthanasia.

In the AB case, Judge Perell also said “reasonably foreseeable” death applies to a person “who is on a trajectory toward death because he or she:
(a) has a serious and incurable illness, disease or disability; (b) is in an advanced state of irreversible decline in capability; and (c) is enduring physical or psychological suffering that is intolerable and that cannot be relieved under conditions that they consider acceptable.” This could be interpreted to mean that if you satisfy criteria (a) through (c), then your death is reasonably foreseeable.
Even though Ms. Moro has passed away, she will remain a part of the case, assuming the court allows her husband to stand in for her, or relies on Moro’s written statements.

The other plaintiff is Julia Lamb, a woman with spinal muscular atrophy living in British Columbia. Although her condition is progressive, it is not terminal. Ms. Lamb is currently able to work part time and live independently with attendant services. However, she is afraid that a sudden decline in her condition will prevent her from breathing and eating independently and using her hands.

There are many reasons to oppose the legalization of assisted suicide and euthanasia. Here are just a few.
It’s Unnecessary – Everyone has the option to commit suicide or to refuse medical care and have palliative sedation on demand.
It’s Discriminatory – While people without disabilities receive suicide prevention services if they express a wish to die, people with disabilities will be encouraged and assisted to kill themselves.
Choice is an illusion – The choice to die cannot be free as long as people with disabilities don’t have the choice in where and how to live.
Safeguards don’t work – Where these practices are legal, safeguards do not prevent people from disabilities from being wrongly killed.
To view the Toujours Vivant - Not Dead Yet videos, use this link.

Contact the disability rights group Toujours Vivant - Not Dead Yet:
Web site – http://tvndy.ca – info@tv-ndy.caTwitter – @tvndy.

New South Wales (Australia) assisted suicide and euthanasia bill is radical and dangerous.

This article was published by HOPE Australia on September 27, 2017

New South Wales
The Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2017 was introduced into the Legislative Council by the Hon Trevor Khan MLC on Thursday 21 September 2017.

In his second reading speech, Mr Khan initially stressed that the Bill “follows the conservative Oregon model of voluntary assisted dying and not the broader European models of voluntary euthanasia.”

Mr Khan claimed that “The voluntary assisted dying [sic = assisted suicide] scheme in Oregon works. It is a safe and effective framework”. This claim is contentious and cannot be sustained if the albeit limited data from Oregon is carefully scrutinized.

Read our fact sheet on ASSISTED SUICIDE – THE OREGON MODEL for an outline of the numerous dangers with the Oregon assisted suicide model.

However, later in the speech Mr Khan acknowledged that “Our bill is similar, and also conservative in its approach, but the working group has, in a few key areas of the bill, gone even further than the Oregon model.”

The significant aspects in which the Bill goes further than the Oregon model include the eligibility criteria which extends access to assisted suicide to persons with an “illness that will, in reasonable medical judgment, result in the death of the person suffering from the illness within the next 12 months”. This is substantially different than the Oregon model which only allows access to assisted suicide to persons with “an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgment, produce death within six months”.

Research shows that the longer the prognosis of time to death the less accurate the estimates. Many people told they have 12 months to live may have years to live. According to one study, more than one in ten people given a prognosis of 12 months to live may live for 2 years or more.

Mr Khan goes on to mention that “certain terminally ill persons may be assisted by their medical practitioners and other qualified health practitioners to administer a substance to themselves”.

This is a very odd, inaccurate and misleading way of describing what the Bill would actually allow. Clause 5 of the Bill includes a provision that “if the patient is physically incapable of self-administering a lethal dose of an authorized substance” a doctor or a nurse may directly administer the lethal dose to the patient.

This provision takes the NSW Bill well beyond the Oregon model which only allows assisted suicide where the person is supposed to self-administer the lethal dose. It takes it well into “the broader European models of voluntary euthanasia”, or in fact, beyond those models by allowing, as a world first, nurses as well as doctors to legally perform euthanasia.

Mr Khan’s Bill, far from being conservative, proposes a very radical approach to assisted suicide and euthanasia.

There is no independent check on a claim that the person is “physically incapable of self-administering”. This is simply arranged between the doctor and the person. This provision makes it more likely that the take up rate in New South Wales will trend towards the European rates where, for example in the Netherlands, If you take out all the sudden deaths like car accidents and heart attacks, more than 1 in 10 (10.5%) of all deaths of 17 to 65 years old are due to euthanasia or assisted suicide, and overall nearly 1 in 20 deaths (4.9%) are the result of assisted suicide or euthanasia.

Mr Khan can’t even describe accurately what his Bill allows and attempts to present it as conservative and safe, when it is both radical and dangerous. The people of New South Wales and the MPs who represent them need to carefully examine the actual provisions of the Bill and how they would work in practice before agreeing to exempt doctors and nurses from the current laws prohibiting murder and aiding a suicide.

Quebec moves toward euthanasia for dementia

This article was published by Mercatornet on September 29, 2017

Aubert Martin
By Aubert Martin

A high-profile murder case has sparked a debate about whether people who cannot consent can be killed ethically

According to a survey conducted last week by the Université de Sherbrooke, in Quebec, 91% of the family caregivers surveyed would agree to extending euthanasia to terminally ill people who are incapable of decision-making, if there were “signs of distress and a written directive”. These latter “conditions” remind us of what was supposed to be the principal criterion in the Quebec law, that of the person being at the “end of life”, which is already being challenged in the courts at the present time.

As usual, instead of seeing in these results a cry of distress from family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer and other dementias, the spotlight is once again focused on euthanasia with its public aura as a solution to suffering. At the same time, it is a real cold shower on all the organisations that accompany with such dedication incapable people and their families. Could we not also infer from this result that only 9 percent of caregivers in Quebec have access to high-quality professional support?

However, before getting carried away by the frenzy of a debate on euthanasia, it would be wise to consider the implications of extending induced death to incapable persons.

First of all, we must recall that the drive for extension of euthanasia to this group was triggered by the high-profile murder of a woman with Alzheimer’s by her husband who “cracked” because he felt left alone. “No one asked me how I’m doing,” he confessed immediately after his act of homicide. Our political decision-makers have turned this murder motivated by desperation into a Trojan horse to promote including a group of extremely vulnerable people among those eligible for medically induced suicide.

In the event of this extension of euthanasia being accepted – less than two years after the law came into force – two “safeguards” that were deemed fundamental at the outset would automatically fall: decision-making capacity and consent to choose death.

Nothing less.

Moreover, in the depth of the current debates, a dramatic message hides behind the possibility of extending euthanasia to people who are no longer able to make their own decisions. Presumably, these people would no longer be fully considered as human beings.

Indeed, their will to live at the moment of their killing would no longer have to be respected, under the pretext of their having written an advance directive in the past. Therefore, it is not a question of consenting or refusing consent to medical care in the event of incapacity – as is the case with the advanced medical directives that are already legal in Quebec. Rather, it is a matter of allowing a person to kill someone who is unable to consent, even when there is no question of artificial life support.

The difference is essential.

In such circumstances, it would be legally – and appear to be morally – possible to explain to them that they are no more than the shadow of a real person who is somehow already dead and who put in writing, in their “true lifetime”, that they would like us to kill them if they became incapable. “You no longer agree? You seem happy now? It does not change anything, you cannot change your mind. Your will to live no longer counts,” we would answer them. “What matters is the document you signed when you were a real person, saying that you must now be put to death. Yes, putting you to death are the exact words since you are in such a vulnerable state that you have become incapable of making an informed decision about yourself or your property. This is the definition of incapacity.”

Thus, by denying their right and even their desire to live, people living with a form of dementia will be implicitly regarded as sub-human beings who will inevitably have to bow to the will of their "former self".

Moreover, this scenario is not some kind of scarecrow. It is not at all hypothetical since we had a concrete example recently in the Netherlands, where a woman with dementia was euthanized against her will. Moreover, the possibility of such a turn of events is reinforced by another result of the Université de Sherbrooke's poll, which reveals that 72 percent of respondents were in favour of euthanasia “even in the absence of a written directive".

Of course, the suffering of family caregivers is very real, but their reaction stems largely from the woeful lack of support for the majority of the people affected by this type of disease. As serious and revealing as it may seem, it has unfortunately become common to hear that death is preferable to life in a CHSLD (nursing home). It seems to me that this would be a good starting point for tackling the problem at the source...

Meanwhile, the dangerous tangent that legal euthanasia installs in every society that has endorsed it continues fatefully its advance in Quebec. It is insinuating into our collective thinking the notion that death – not good health care, quality support and adequate living conditions – is a solution to suffering for you and your loved ones. In the current debate, the logic inherent in assisted suicide now plunges another condition of life into disgrace, such that the death of the people who live with it is presented as preferable.

Yet, in a promotional trailer about the Carpe Diem approach, Ms. Blandine Prévost, 38, suffering from Alzheimer's disease, perfectly sums up the human alternative that should be advocated: "It is in changing the way we are seen by people that lies the hope that I can be a person right to the end."

In other words, beyond debates on euthanasia, it seems therefore urgent to ask ourselves, as a society, how we consider people who have rendered incapable because of illness. Do we still grant them their full humanity?

Aubert Martin is the Executive Director of Vivre dans la Dignité (Living with Dignity), a Quebec-based organisation.

Thursday, September 28, 2017

Members Introduce Bipartisan Resolution on the Dangers of Legalizing Assisted Suicide

For Immediate Release - September 27, 2017
Contact Hailey Sadler (202) 225-3164

Full text of the resolution is available here.

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, Rep. Brad Wenstrup (R-OH), along with Rep. Lou Correa (D-CA), Rep. Andy Harris, M.D. (R-MD), Rep. Juan Vargas (D-CA), Rep. Darin LaHood (R-IL), Rep. James Langevin (D-RI), Rep. Ralph Abraham, M.D. (R-LA), Rep. Daniel Lipinski (D-IL), Rep. Keith Rothfus (R-PA), and Rep. Tom Suozzi (D-NY) introduced H. Con. Res. 80, expressing the sense of Congress that legalizing physician-assisted suicide puts the most vulnerable of our society at risk of deadly harm and undermines the integrity of America’s healthcare system. They issued the following joint statement:
“Protecting the vulnerable and providing quality care for all patients are cornerstones of any good healthcare system. Included in that is providing comfort and care for those facing the heart-wrenching challenges of dealing with a potentially terminal illness. In some cases, this commitment to fighting for the best care – even in the face of the most deadly diseases – can result in new and innovative cures, offering the chance of recovery for both the patient and for others suffering in the future. In other cases, it is simply a question of offering end-of-life comfort and support.

Physician-assisted suicide, however, does the opposite. It undermines a key safeguard that protects our nation’s most vulnerable citizens, including the elderly, people with disabilities, and people experiencing psychiatric diagnoses. Americans deserve better.

We will continue to defend every human being’s inherent dignity, and work to ensure patients facing the end of their lives have access to the best quality and most comprehensive medical care possible, including palliative, in-home, or hospice care, tailored to their individual needs. When governments support, encourage, or facilitate suicide – whether assisted by physicians or others – we devalue our fellow citizens, our fellow human beings. That should not be who we are."

Full text of the resolution is available here.

Nonpartisan patients’ rights and disability rights advocacy organizations across the country have spoken out in strong support of this bipartisan resolution, including:

Patients Rights Action Fund:

“Many do not realize that people battling terminal illness, people with disabilities and others are inadvertently targeted by the legalization of assisted suicide. I am grateful to Congressmen Correa, Vargas, Wenstrup and all of the other cosponsors for introducing this Sense of Congress resolution,” said J.J. Hanson, President and a terminal brain cancer patient. “This bill brings attention to this important issue and takes a big step toward protecting me and so many others from a death-too-soon.”
National Council on Independent Living:
“Our society places a high value on physical appearance and ability, and stigmatizes significant disability. It's no surprise that those of us who grew up able-bodied and then became disabled might initially see disability as a huge loss of one’s former dreams and physical abilities,” said Kelly Buckland, Executive Director. “When someone is first hit with this, they may feel they’d be better off dead. As one struggles to get basic needs met, some people feel worn down. If assisted suicide had been legal in the past, even if it were supposedly only for those with “terminal” conditions, I might not be here today. I’m grateful that assisted suicide was not legal back then, and I'm committed to keeping it that way. This is an important reason why the National Council on Independent Living opposes assisted suicide laws. NCIL is a leader in the disability rights movement, our political struggle for equal rights. And, among other things, equal rights include equal suicide prevention.”
Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund (DREDF):
“Where assisted suicide is legal, some people’s lives will be ended without their consent, through mistakes and abuse. No safeguards have ever been enacted or even proposed that can prevent this outcome, which can never be undone,” said Marilyn Golden, Senior Policy Analyst. “The so-called safeguards are very weak, and the lack of oversight hides these dangers from public view. Moreover, assisted suicide laws are a prescription for elder abuse and abuse of people with disabilities. Supporters of assisted suicide say such laws won’t affect disabled people—but they will, whether or not they realize it. But there is a legal alternative: anyone dying in discomfort may legally receive palliative sedation. Under these circumstances, assisted suicide is not real choice, but a phony form of freedom.”
“Disabled people and seniors who need assistance with everyday tasks like dressing and bathing want the choice to get those services at home and to have control over how they’re delivered. We do not want to be forced into a nursing facility, nor forced to live in poverty to qualify. Unfortunately, that choice is not a reality for most of us. In states that have legalized assisted suicide, Oregon data shows, over a third of those who request assistance to die do so because of “feelings of being a burden” and over 90% cite “loss of autonomy” as a factor,” said Stephanie Woodward, Director of Advocacy. “If the only alternative to death is poverty and segregation in nursing facilities, assisted suicide is not a “choice.” Society is failing to ensure access to consumer controlled long-term services. The last thing we need in this time of draconian budget cuts in Medicaid is the legalization of assisted suicide laws, because the untimely deaths of disabled Americans can easily be seen as a cost saving answer.
Not Dead Yet:
"As a national, secular, social justice organization, Not Dead Yet strongly supports this bipartisan effort to speak truth to the many myths about legalized assisted suicide," said Diane Coleman, President/CEO. "As Americans with disabilities, we are on the front lines of the nation's health care system that often devalues old, ill, and disabled people. So we are grateful for this Sense of Congress that explains the dangers of mistake, coercion, and abuse under a public policy of assisted suicide."
Physicians for Compassionate Care Education Fund:
"Empowering doctors to assist patients in killing themselves has led to an inevitable erosion of trust in the motives of doctors, health care institutions, and insurers. This has been detrimental to patients, degraded the quality of medical care, and compromised the integrity of medical profession wherever assisted suicide has been legalized,” Dr. William F. Toffler, National Director. “The solution to suffering is not to end the life of the sufferer; rather society's focus at the end of life should be to alleviate suffering by improving access to hospice and palliative care whenever it is needed."
The Euthanasia Prevention Coalition supports H. Con. Res. 80 and we hope that the resolution will open the doors to a new awareness of how assisted suicide laws are designed to protect doctors who prescribe lethal drugs to their patients and eliminate, not provide choice. Link to the official Text - H. Con. Res. 80.

H. CON. RES. 80 (Assisted Suicide Resolution)

Link to the official Text - H. Con. Res. 80.

Expressing the sense of the Congress that assisted suicide (sometimes referred to as death with dignity, end-of-life options, aid-in-dying, or similar phrases) puts everyone, including those most vulnerable, at risk of deadly harm and undermines the integrity of the health care system.

September 26, 2017

Mr. Wenstrup (for himself, Mr. Correa, Mr. Vargas, Mr. Langevin, Mr. Lipinski, Mr. Harris, Mr. LaHood, Mr. Abraham, Mr. Rothfus, and Mr. Suozzi) submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Expressing the sense of the Congress that assisted suicide (sometimes referred to as death with dignity, end-of-life options, aid-in-dying, or similar phrases) puts everyone, including those most vulnerable, at risk of deadly harm and undermines the integrity of the health care system.

Whereas “suicide” means the act of intentionally ending one’s own life, preempting death from disease, accident, injury, age, or other condition;

Whereas “assisting in a suicide” means knowingly and willingly prescribing, providing, dispensing, or distributing to an individual a substance, device, or other means that, if taken, used, ingested, or administered as directed, expected, or instructed, will, with reasonable medical certainty, result in the death of the individual, preempting death from disease, accident, injury, age, or other condition;

Whereas society has a longstanding policy of supporting suicide prevention such as through the efforts of many public and private suicide prevention programs, the benefits of which could be denied under a public policy of assisted suicide;

Whereas assisted suicide most directly threatens the lives of people who are elderly, experience depression, have a disability, or are subject to emotional or financial pressure to end their lives;

Whereas the Oregon Health Authority’s annual reports reveal that pain or the fear of pain is listed second to last (25 percent) among the reasons cited by all patients seeking lethal drugs since 1998, while the top five reasons cited are psychological and social concerns: “losing autonomy” (92 percent), “less able to engage in activities that make life enjoyable” (90 percent), “loss of dignity” (79 percent), “losing control of bodily functions” (48 percent), and “burden on family friends/caregivers” (41 percent);

Whereas the United States Supreme Court has ruled twice (in Washington v. Glucksberg and Vacco v. Quill) that there is no constitutional right to assisted suicide, that the Government has a legitimate interest in prohibiting assisted suicide, and that such prohibitions rationally relate to “protecting the vulnerable from coercion” and “protecting disabled and terminally ill people from prejudice, negative and inaccurate stereotypes, and ‘societal indifference;’”

Whereas clearly expressing that assisted suicide is not a legitimate health care service, Congress passed, with a nearly unanimous vote, and President Bill Clinton signed, the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act to prevent the use of Federal funds for any item or service, including advocacy, provided for the purpose of causing, or assisting in causing, the death of any individual such as by assisted suicide, euthanasia, or mercy killing;

Whereas a handful of States have authorized assisted suicide, but over 30 States have rejected over 200 attempts at legalization since 1994;

Whereas States that authorize assisted suicide for terminally ill patients do not require that such patients receive psychological screening or treatment, though studies show that the overwhelming majority of patients contemplating suicide experience depression;

Whereas the laws of such States contain no requirement for a medical attendant to be present at the time the lethal dose is taken, used, ingested, or administered to intervene in the event of medical complications;

Whereas such State laws contain no requirement that a qualified monitor be present to assure that the patient is knowingly and voluntarily taking, using, ingesting, or administering the lethal dose;

Whereas such State laws contain no requirement to secure lethal medication if unwanted or if death occurs before such medication is used;

Whereas such State laws do not prevent family members, heirs, or health care providers from pressuring patients to request assisted suicide;

Whereas such States qualify some patients for assisted suicide by using a broad definition of “terminal disease” and “going to die in six months or less” that includes diseases (such as diabetes or HIV) that, if appropriately treated, would not otherwise result in death within six months;

Whereas it is extremely difficult even for the most experienced doctors to accurately prognosticate a six-month life expectancy as required, making such a prognosis a prediction, not a certainty;

Whereas reporting requirements vary by State, but when required, rely on prescribing physicians or dispensing pharmacists to self-report;

Whereas such reporting is neither conducted by an objective third party nor of sufficient depth and accuracy to effectively monitor the occurrence of assisted suicide;

Whereas there is an astounding lack of transparency in the practice of assisted suicide to the extent that State health departments and other authorities admittedly have no method of knowing if it is being practiced within the bounds of State laws and have no funding or authority to make such a determination;

Whereas some State laws actively conceal assisted suicide by directing the physician to list the cause of death as the underlying condition without reference to death by suicide;

Whereas the confidential nature of end-of-life decisions makes it virtually impossible to effectively monitor a physician’s behavior to prevent abuses, making any number of safeguards insufficient;

Whereas the cost of lethal medication is far less costly than many life-saving treatments, which threatens to restrict treatment options, especially for disadvantaged and vulnerable persons, as has happened in several known cases and presumably many more unknown in which insurers have denied and/or delayed coverage for life-saving care while offering to cover assisted suicide; and

Whereas access to personal assistance services such as in-home hospice and palliative care, home health care aides, and nursing care/nursing assistance is regretfully limited and subject to long waiting lists in many areas, placing systemic pressure on patients in need of such personal assistance services to resort to assisted suicide: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense of the Congress that the Federal Government should ensure that every person facing the end of their life has access to the best quality and comprehensive medical care, including palliative, in-home, or hospice care, tailored to their needs and that the Federal Government should not adopt or endorse policies or practices that support, encourage, or facilitate suicide or assisted suicide, whether by physicians or others.

Link to the official Text of H. Con. Res. 80.

Wednesday, September 27, 2017

Persistently Unconscious Patient (15 years) Awakened

This article was published on his National Review blog on September 26, 2017

Wesley Smith
By Wesley Smith

Ever since Terri Schiavo, writing about the wrongness of removing feeding tubes from patients diagnosed with persistent unconsciousness (PVS)–we should never call them “vegetables,” a term as denigrating and dehumanizing a racial epithet–is like spitting in the wind.

But, what the heck. As mentioned above, such patients are often dehydrated to death by having their feeding tubes removed, which takes up to two weeks.

Never mind that some 40% of such diagnoses are erroneous. Never mind that some of these people may feel the agony of not eating or drinking if so misdiagnosed. Bioethics and law treat artificial nutrition and hydration as a medical treatment, and any medical treatment can be refused or withdrawn.

But what if scientists found a way to awaken such patients? That may be on the way after an unconscious patients seems to have been roused through nerve stimulation. From the Guardian story
A 35-year-old man who had been in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) for 15 years has shown signs of consciousness after receiving a pioneering therapy involving nerve stimulation.
The treatment challenges a widely-accepted view that there is no prospect of a patient recovering consciousness if they have been in PVS for longer than 12 months.
Since sustaining severe brain injuries in a car accident, the man had been completely unaware of the world around him. But when fitted with an implant to stimulate the vagus nerve, which travels into the brain stem, the man appeared to flicker back into a state of consciousness.
He started to track objects with his eyes, began to stay awake while being read a story and his eyes opened wide in surprise when the examiner suddenly moved her face close to the patient’s. He could even respond to some simple requests, such as turning his head when asked – although this took about a minute.
This should be good news that should cause us to pause in removing feeding tubes from the unconscious as this research proceeds. (Some bioethicists even want such removals to become the standard of care, say after two years.)

But I can hear the bioethicists now–because I have read their advocacy: It is more urgent to remove the feeding tubes from the minimally conscious because they may be in horror at their impaired condition or otherwise suffering. And, in fact, people with minimal awareness are legally dehydrated in all fifty states.

Except–a study of patients in a locked-in state–the appearance of complete unconsciousness but actually aware–shows that most are “happy,” and majorities would not want euthanasia. (Scientists can now communicate with such patients.)

So, as this research proceeds, let’s care for these seriously disabled patients–both apparently unconscious and conscious–as full and equal members of the moral community, and think twice before removing sustaining treatment that can only have one result; a protracted and perhaps, painful death.

Assisted Suicide would put pressure on disabled people to die.

Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director - Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

Not Dead Yet leaders with
Representative Denise Provost.
Lori Brannigan Kelly published an excellent interview with Not Dead Yet representatives John Kelly, Anita Cameron and Brian Shea who are campaigning to defeat the assisted suicide bill in Massachusetts that was published in the NewBostonPost. The article begins by stating:
The Massachusetts Legislature is considering a measure that would allow physician-assisted suicide, but skeptics held a briefing last week foreseeing sad consequences if it passes.
“It is a widespread human desire to experience a peaceful, relatively pain-free death. But I think it would be a mistake to make physician-assisted suicide legal, especially as Americans’ access to health care is under threat of repeal,” said state Representative Denise Provost (D-Somerville). “People with disabilities, those who are poor or otherwise marginalized, could easily be pushed to choose premature death as their options narrow.”
The article then features comments by disability rights activist, Tom Wood:
One hearing attendee, Tom Wood of Salem, New Hampshire, insisted that euthanasia in no way equates with compassion.
“It is not mercy. It’s out and out premeditated murder,” said Woods, who is a member of Spectrum Boston and Mass ADAPT, both of which advocate for the disabled.
John Kelly
The article then quotes comments by John Kelly, from Second Thoughts Massachusetts.
John Kelly, director of Second Thoughts Massachusetts, which warns against a growing “better dead than disabled” mindset in the United States, said assisted suicide is a disability rights issue that threatens everyone.
“Because of misdiagnosis, abuse, insurers’ bottom line, suicidal despair, people’s guilt and coercion and abuse, these kinds of bills are very dangerous for everyone in the state. Innocent people will lose their lives if these bills become law,” Kelly said.
One briefing attendee, Brian Shea of Somerville, suggested that targeting certain people is the inevitable outcome of the proposed new law: “It is the use of the state to manage a section of the population who are poorer, who are marginalized, and who are a lot of people of color.”
Anita Cameron
Not Dead Yet responsed to the comment that "safeguards" will protect people:
Even if safeguards exist for terminally ill individuals, they argue, disabled patients represent a vulnerable demographic that could, in the future, be targeted both by a contracting health care system and by insurance companies worried about controlling costs and unwilling to pay for expensive care.
Earlier this month the American College of Physicians issued a policy statement against the legalization of assisted suicide. “This practice is problematic given the nature of the patient-physician relationship, affects trust in that relationship as well as in the profession, and fundamentally alters the medical profession’s role in society,” the organization’s position paper states.
The Washington Times reported this past May that insurance companies in states where physician-assisted suicide is legal have refused to cover expensive, life-saving treatments for patients, but have offered to help them end their lives instead.
Drugs for assisted suicide cost about $75 to $100, making them far less expensive than providing medical care.
Anita Cameron, director of minority outreach for Not Dead Yet, which opposes the measure, insists that economic pressure will help normalize euthanasia, and that in that environment the potential for abuse to the disabled community would be real.
“It is cheaper to kill us than to have us live,” says Cameron.
The article ended by explaining that assisted suicide has been debated many times in Massachusetts.
The 2017-2018 session is the eighth time a so-called “death with dignity bill” is under consideration in the Massachusetts legislature. Additionally, in 2012, the issue came before voters in the form of a ballot question. Voters rejected the measure 51 to 49 percent.
The next hearing for the House and Senate assisted suicide bills is scheduled for Tuesday, September 26 in the Joint Committee on Public Health.
If the legislature approves the bill, it will go on to Governor Charlie Baker for signature.
As of Monday morning, the governor’s office had not provided comment.
The article is based on the legislative briefing that was sponsored by Second Thoughts Massachusetts, a disabled-rights organization that opposes assisted suicide.

Tuesday, September 26, 2017

Assisted suicide bills in the US have all been defeated in 2017.

This article was published by OneNewsNow on September 21, 2017

Last year on December 19, the mayor of Washington, DC, Muriel Bowser, signed into law the "Death with Dignity Act," which permits people to request and receive a lethal dose of drugs to end their lives. Congress, however, has the authority to review and reverse decisions made by the DC Council, and the House has approved a measure with a provision that would terminate the assisted-suicide law. The House bill goes to the Senate now.

Alex Schadenberg of the Euthanasia Prevention Coalition tells OneNewsNow the reaction on Capitol Hill makes sense.

"Assisted suicide is sold to us as a lie," says Schadenberg. "They sell it as about choice and autonomy which, of course, is what everybody is in favor of. But what it's actually doing is giving a doctor the right to cause your death – and it's a very, very serious situation because it's dealing with people who are at the most vulnerable time of their life."
Schadenberg says bills to legalize assisted suicide were introduced in 26 states this year and all were defeated. As recently as last week, the New York State Court of Appeals ruled there is no constitutional right to assisted suicide.
"It's not a juggernaut," says Schadenberg, "and when people look at what it's actually about, they recognize how bad it is and they actually vote to defeat it. I'm hoping that the Senate has the strength to do the same."
In Canada, assisted suicide was imposed on citizens by a ruling from the Canadian Supreme Court.

Wednesday, September 20, 2017

New Zealand Māori Party: Don't vote for labour because of their stance on euthanasia.

Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director - Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

The New Zealand Māori Party are urging people not to vote for the Labour Party because of their stance on euthanasia and assisted suicide. The Newshub in New Zealand reported:
In a statement released by the party, Tuilagi Saipele Esera, Māori Party Candidate for Manukau East, said Labour's intention to legalise euthanasia and assisted suicide was against Christian and Pacific cultural values.

"Euthanasia and assisted suicide is a rejection of the importance and value of human life. Do not vote Labour."
Labour Party leader Jacinda Ardern has previously expressed support for ACT leader David Seymour's End of Life Choice Bill, which would give "people with a terminal illness or a grievous and irremediable medical condition the option of requesting assisted dying".
Mr Esera urged Pacific leaders and communities to "not second guess" what Labour would do if elected.
The recent report on euthanasia by the New Zealand health committee did not recommend legalizing euthanasia.

American College of Physician opposes assisted suicide.

Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director - Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

The American College of Physicians (ACP) has published an updated position on assisted suicide and yet the updated position continues to clearly oppose physician-assisted suicide while urging excellent pain and symptom management. Link to the ACP position statement.

The Position of the ACP:
The ACP affirms a professional responsibility to improve the care of dying patients and their families.
The ACP does not support the legalization of physician-assisted suicide, the practice of which raises ethical, clinical, and other concerns. The ACP and its members, including those who might lawfully participate in the practice, should ensure that all patients can rely on high-quality care through to the end of life, with prevention or relief of suffering insofar as possible, a commitment to human dignity and management of pain and other symptoms, and support for families. Physicians and patients must continue to search together for answers to the challenges posed by living with serious illness before death
The ACP conclusion:
Society's goal should be to make dying less, not more, medical. Physician-assisted suicide is neither a therapy nor a solution to difficult questions raised at the end of life. On the basis of substantive ethics, clinical practice, policy, and other concerns, the ACP does not support legalization of physician-assisted suicide. This practice is problematic given the nature of the patient–physician relationship, affects trust in that relationship as well as in the profession, and fundamentally alters the medical profession's role in society. Furthermore, the principles at stake in this debate also underlie medicine's responsibilities on other issues and the physician's duty to provide care based on clinical judgment, evidence, and ethics. Control over the manner and timing of a person's death has not been and should not be a goal of medicine. However, through high-quality care, effective communication, compassionate support, and the right resources, physicians can help patients control many aspects of how they live out life's last chapter.
The position of the ACP recognizes the importance of the patient/physician relationship and the importance of caring for and not killing patients.

Tuesday, September 19, 2017

Are People Being Deceived about Euthanasia?

This article was published by HOPE Australia on September 20, 2017

Many euthanasia and assisted suicide proponents frame their arguments around “facts” and declarations that there is a majority of citizens who support such legislation. Yet, when you take a closer look, their “strong” basis for support is based on misconceptions about such legislation – and misconstrued facts!

John Buchanan highlights some of the major discrepancies between what euthanasia and assisted suicide advocates consider to be a strong basis for their campaign, and what the true facts of the matter are:

Myth 1: Public polls are reliable, and a decision about assisted suicide must accord with their results.

Reality: a poll about any matter is only useful to the extent that the question asked is realistic, and those polled have some knowledge about the matter…. Is it clinically realistic to ask a question like “Are you in favour of assisted suicide if someone has uncontrollable pain, and is terminally ill?”

A reading of the 1037 submissions to the Victorian parliamentary committee shows that such scenarios have occurred in the past (before palliative care was available) but should not be the case in 2017, now that modern palliative care is available – if people will use it. Good pain control measures are now possible if used properly.

Myth 2: Pain is the main issue.

Reality: Recent research with people in Canada who requested assisted suicide shows that pain is not the main issue. The main reason given was a desire for control of personal circumstances.

This means that the “uncontrollable pain” issue has been used somewhat as a selling point, and the assertion of ‘autonomy’ is the main underlying issue. However, an assisted suicide process is not really autonomy, since others would be involved, and to exercise such choice would require a major change to medical ethics.

Myth 3: Doctors can tell you how long you have to live.

Reality: Doctors can give five-year survival rates. No doctor can tell you how long a person has to live. Such comments are guesswork. A guideline for PAS involving a 12-month prognosis is an illusion.
Myth 4: Assisted suicide would affect that individual only.

Reality: A law change affects everyone in the community. Hence there is a need to evaluate the effect of PAS law on the common good and medical practice. The fact is that in The Netherlands, and Belgium, the criteria have slipped to include not just people who appear terminally ill, but those with psychiatric illness who are physically well, and those who state they suffer in some way (but who are not assessed for any possible treatment).

Myth 5: Families are always benign and caring.

Reality: Evidence is that elder abuse is most likely from those close to a person, especially family. It is also a reality that when a person is seriously ill, many family members find it very stressful, and have quite mixed feelings about the ill person: part of you wants them to go on; part of you wants the whole experience over asap. I have experienced this myself. It makes a seriously ill person vulnerable to coercion from family to go down the assisted suicide path.

Myth 6: Likely guidelines are adequate safeguards.

Reality: The guidelines set out by the Victorian Ministerial Advisory Panel do not provide for any medical assessment of palliation at all. They do not provide for a genuinely independent medical opinion and do not attempt to detect coercion of the person. The door to elder abuse is left wide open.
Myth 7: The standard of future healthcare will not be affected.

Reality: As has become apparent overseas, healthcare economists soon realize that it is likely cheaper for the bureaucracy to offer a ‘comfort medication’ (suicide pill) than to pay for palliative care or chemotherapy. It is therefore very likely that assisted suicide legislation will distort future health care delivery – and that conclusion is drawn without even considering the expense of future dementia care.

These myths and misconceptions can have (literally) deadly consequences. Before any decisions or even debate takes place, all citizens have the right to fully understand what effects potential euthanasia and assisted suicide legislation could have, AND what other options exist.

Prematurely killing people as a means to escape pain and fear is not the answer. Instead, we can focus on making care and life better for all citizens, at all ages and for any condition.

We can live without euthanasia and assisted suicide.

Sunday, September 17, 2017

The Nazis' First Victims Were the Disabled.

Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director - Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

The sad reality is that people will often forget human history. "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."

Kenny Fries
I think that everyone needs to read the article,
The Nazi's First Victims Were the Disabled, that was published in the New York Times on September 13.

This excellent article is written by Kenny Fries, an author who recently published “In the Province of the Gods.”
Fries is writing about his explanation to a young German neurologist of the truth about how the Nazi's T4 euthanasia program killed as many as 300,000 people with disabilities. The killing techniques were developed in the Psychiatric hospitals and then used in the Nazi death camps. Fries takes the killing of people with disabilities personally:
I have a personal stake in making sure this history is remembered. In 1960, I was born missing bones in both legs. At the time, some thought I should not be allowed to live. Thankfully, my parents were not among them.
I first discovered that people with disabilities were sterilized and killed by the Nazis when I was a teenager, watching the TV mini-series “Holocaust” in 1978. But it would be years before I understood the connections between the killing of the disabled and the killing of Jews and other “undesirables,” all of whom were, in one way or another, deemed “unfit.”
Nazi euthanasia victims
Many facts about the Nazi T4 euthanasia program are not well known. Fries explains:
While he does know that approximately 300,000 disabled people were killed in T4 and its aftermath, he doesn’t know about the direct connection between T4 and the Holocaust. He doesn’t know that it was at Brandenburg, the first T4 site, where methods of mass killing were tested, that the first victims of Nazi mass killings were the disabled, and that its personnel went on to establish and run the extermination camps at Treblinka, Belzec and Sobibor.
Three years earlier, when I first arrived in Germany, I was consistently confronted with the treatment of those with disabilities under the Third Reich. But I soon realized I had to go back even farther. In the 1920s, the disabled were mistreated, sterilized, experimented on and killed in some German psychiatric institutions. In 1920, the psychiatrist Alfred Hoche and the jurist Karl Binding published their treatise, “Permitting the Destruction of Unworthy Life,” which became the blueprint for the exterminations of the disabled carried out by the Third Reich.
I am also Jewish. At the Karl Bonhoeffer psychiatric hospital in the Berlin suburb of Wittenau, where the exhibition “A Double Stigma: The Fate of Jewish Psychiatric Patients” was held, I learned about, as the exhibition title suggests, how Jewish patients were doubly stigmatized by being separated from other patients, denied pastoral care, and were cared for not at the expense of the Reich but by Jewish organizations. Jewish patients were singled out for early extermination; by December 1942, the destruction of the Jewish patient population at Wittenau was complete.
Nazi euthanasia victims
Fries explains why the history of the Nazi T4 euthanasia program important to us today:
Why is it important to know this history? We often say what happened in Nazi Germany couldn’t happen here. But some of it, like the mistreatment and sterilization of the disabled, did happen here.
A reading of Hoche and Binding’s “Permitting the Destruction of Unworthy Life” shows the similarity between what they said and what exponents of practical ethics, such as Peter Singer, say about the disabled today. As recently as 2015, Singer, talking with the radio host Aaron Klein on his show, said, “I don’t want my health insurance premiums to be higher so that infants who can experience zero quality of life can have expensive treatments.”
These philosophers talk about the drain on “resources” caused by lives lived with a disability, which eerily echoes what Hoche and Binding wrote about the “financial and moral burden” on “a person’s family, hospital, and state” caused by what they deem lives “unworthy of living.”
Many people think that these attitudes towards people with disabilities are in the past. Fries asks the question:
What kind of society do we want to be? Those of us who live with disabilities are at the forefront of the larger discussion of what constitutes a valued life. What is a life worth living? Too often, the lives of those of us who live with disabilities are not valued, and feared. At the root of this fear is misunderstanding, misrepresentation, and a lack of knowledge of disability history and, thus, disabled lives.


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Cheap Gold Metal Detector (Best For Money)

Cheap Gold Metal Detector

Looking for the Cheap Gold Metal Detector? You’ve come to the right place.

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Hunting for Gold could be a costly yet rewarding activity as it requires specialized equipment that pay the expenditure back in the shape of gold and other valuable material. Technically speaking any metal detector will find you the Gold if you are lucky enough!! But a specialist Gold detector will maximize the chances of hitting on the Gold.

 My Top Pick

Hurried enough to not go through entire review. Here we have for you our top pick.
Fisher Gold bug is the ultimate worthy choice as the top gold detector. It is the cheaper detector than its potential competitors yet it offers more than them at a much lower price. It is the best begging level Gold detector with all the features of a professional tool. With the 19 kHz operating frequency two discrimination mode and 5 inches’ replaceable search coil it is ultimately worth more than the money.

Cheap Gold  Metal Detector (Updated List 2020)

Let’s dive into the detailed review section of these products!

1. Fisher Gold Bug: Best Value For The Money

Fisher Gold Bug Metal Detector
  • Threshold and gain adjustments - 1/4 and 1/8...
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Fisher Gold bug is the best cheap metal detector for Gold then most of its potential rivals. It is a beginner’s level detector as it doesn’t require a massive investment before starting out the quest for Fisher  Gold.
It is not that feature richen as other listings in the review but it is worth the investment as it provides traits necessary enough to do the job.

  • The Gold bug has a five inches’ replaceable search coil. If you want to increase the search area of your coil you can upgrade it to the bigger coil.
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  • 2 tone audio discrimination mode help the Gold bug in differentiating the metals found.
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  • Ground balancing set at auto mode helps Gold detection in highly mineralised soil.
  • No motion pinpointing to locate the target merely by holding it over the surface.
  • It runs on 2 AA batteries and weighs about 4.6 lbs.

What We Like
  • Static pinpoint.
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  • Two-mode discrimination.
What We Don't Like
  • Lack audio discrimination.

2. Garrett AT Gold: Cheap Beginner’s Eve Detector

Garrett 1140680 AT Gold Metal Detector
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  • Roy Lagal (Author)
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Garrett AT Gold Metal Detector is a high technology metal detector capable of finding Gold nuggets in All Terrains but more precisely in shallow saltwater conditions. This is an entire waterproof detector that makes it capable of underwater detection. Its waterproofing capacity is applicable only to 10 feet in freshwater, such as lakes and streams. It is also capable of surviving soaking in case of an accidental slip. Its operational frequency is high enough to prospect Gold nuggets. It includes an all-metal mode to detect all nearby metals.

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  • AT Golds’ most remarkable feature is its ability to static pinpoint and all motion mode. In addition to these
  • Garrett AT Gold also has plenty of other features that are worth testing for.

What We Like
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What We Don't Like
  • Heavyweight.
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3. Fisher Gold Bug Pro: Premium Feature Rich Gold Detector

Fisher Gold Bug Pro Metal Detector
  • Finds the smallest gold nuggets in highly...
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Gold bug Pro is a step up in fishers’ distinctive line of Gold detector. It is an awesome Detector with all the features of high-end professional devices at an affordable price.

  • It works on a 19 kHz operating frequency to detect silver coins, relics, and gold with equal sensitivity.
  • It has the fisher Gold detectors’ standard 5″ DD search coil which is entirely waterproof- a feature which many of the Gold detectors lack.
  • There is an additional 11″ coil replacement to increase the search area in case of need.
  • It has a variable breakpoint discrimination system to enhance audio quality. It supports multi-tone audio, unlike the Gold bug.
  • The iron oxide meter indicates the mineralization level of the soil.
  • Preset ground balance helps the inaccurate location of the target.
  • It is a lightweight detector weighing about 2.5 lbs. and operates on a 1 9 Volt battery.

What We Like
  • Lightweight.
  • Preset ground balance.
What We Don't Like
  • Waterproof coil only.

4. Fisher Gold Bug 2: High-End Professional Device

Fisher Gold Bug-2 Metal Detector with 6 1/2"...
  • Powerful 71 kHz Operation for extreme...
  • 'IRON DISC'' mode rejects iron (trash)...
  • 6.5 inch coil included.

Fisher Gold bug 2 is the latest model in fisher Gold detector series. It is a relatively highly priced model and offers mostly high end premium features that would most likely help you in finding gold.
It operates on a 71 kHz operating frequency to ensure the detection of the target.
Gold bug features iron and dust resistance alongside iron discrimination and three-mode mineralization and two-mode ground balance control.

  • Auto or manual ground balancing.
  • Three mineralization modes to detect metals in the high moderate or low level of mineralized soil.
  • Iron disc mode to find out small quantities of iron nails and hot rocks.
  • Trash elimination mode to reduce junk detection.
  • Adjustable sensitivity, threshold and volume controls.
  • Its simplicity versatility cutting edge technology and innovation has earned it a high place in the gold detector yet its higher price has limited us to pick it as our top pick. And all these extremely remarkable features are backed by five years’ warranty to count in gold bug2 as the durable detector.
  • It operates on a single 9V battery and weighs 2.9 pounds.

What We Like
  • Highest operational frequency in market.
  • Iron disc mode to eliminate trash.
  • Lightweight.
What We Don't Like
  • Heavy on the pocket.

There are plenty of Gold detectors available in the market. Most of them are highly priced which makes the competition more profound but talking of the cheap gold detector fisher Gold Bug has got its potential buyers all the needed features of the gold diggers at an affordable cost. Two tone discrimination, no motion pinpointing, automatic ground balance mineralization indicator, large LCD display and numeric target ID are the highlights that acquired it the worthy place in the gold detection world.

Buying Guide:

These gold-diggers will also help you locate small buried metallic items that other standard detectors could not find due to their high precision and ground balancing. While buying a suitable Gold detector you must be concerned with its specifications as if either it has automated ground balancing or trash elimination etc.
Are you a gold digger looking for the best equipment to match you desires and needs? Then certainly you have hit on the right spot. In today’s review article of metal detector series, we are going to tell you about what are they top detectors for finding gold and why they are considered best.
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Don’t trust an anthropomorphic raccoon

Have you heard the term anthropomorphism? It refers to ascribing human-like traits to non-human entities. Most biologists discourage the application of anthropomorphism, like your cat is plotting to kill you when you won't let it outside, or that the racoon you're feeding thinks of you as a friend. Chances are your cat isn't actually plotting... Continue Reading →

Research Station Life

Spending a chunk of time at a research station is really a wonderful experience. The nature of a research station brings together researchers, instructors and students from all over the world. So there are ample opportunities for cross-pollinating research interests and developing new ideas. Kids at the research station also get exposed to other researchers... Continue Reading →

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Phone Number of Ups Cochin is 0484-2332 706/ (91-079) 2640 6224/ Fax: (91-079) 2640 7 .
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Applied Physical Pharmacy, Third Edition-Original PDF

Applied Physical Pharmacy, Third Edition-Original PDF

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Amazon Price $64

By Mansoor Amiji(Author), Thomas J. Cook(Author), Cary Mobley(Author)

Size : 8.14 MB

Publisher’s Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.
A complete practice-oriented introduction to physical pharmacy
Written to clearly and simply explain how drugs work, this textbook explores the fundamental physicochemical attributes and processes important for understanding how a drug is transformed into a usable product that is administered to a patient to reach its pharmacological target, and then exists the body.
Applied Physical Pharmacy, Third Edition begins with a review of the key biopharmaceutics concepts of drug liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. These concepts, and others, set the framework for the subsequent chapters that describe physicochemical properties and process related to the fate of the drug. Other physical pharmacy topics important to drug formulation are discussed in the chapters that follow, which describe dispersal systems, interfacial phenomena, and rheology. The textbook concludes with an overview of the principles of kinetics that are important for understanding the rates at which many of the processes discussed in previous chapters occur.
Chapters in this Third Edition retain the acclaimed learning aids of previous editions, including Learning Objectives, Practice Problems, Key Points, and Clinical Questions. In order to be of greater value to the pharmacy student, more clinical questions have been added, and many tables have been updated with more current products and excipients.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 288 pages
  • Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education / Medical; 3 edition (June 5, 2019)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1260452212
  • ISBN-13: 978-1260452211


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A CRISPR approach to saving banana

By Joan Conrow

April 18, 2019

CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing is offering new hope for protecting a critical food security crop by developing climate-smart banana varieties.

Research to identify the genes associated with stress‐tolerant traits and other uses of gene editing and genetic engineering to help banana varieties adapt to a changing climate is highlighted in an April 15 article published in Food and Energy Security, the journal of the Association of Applied Biologists.

Adaptation is important because banana is a major food source for some 500 million people. It’s grown in more than 140 tropical and subtropical nations, primarily Africa, which produces about a third of the world’s crop.  In addition to supporting food security, banana is an valued cash crop for smallholder farmers, who typically sell to local and regional markets.

But this critical source of food and income is increasingly threatened by numerous pests and diseases, including black Sigatoka, yellow Sigatoka, leaf spot disease, bacterial wilt, panama disease, banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) and banana streak virus (BSV), nematodes and weevils. Now the higher temperatures and drought brought by climate change are beginning to take a toll.

“There is a huge yield gap in banana production in the areas where several of these pathogens and pests are present together,” wrote researchers Leena Tripathi, Valentine Otang Ntui and Jaindra Nath Tripathi. “Some of these diseases are wiping out banana from the infected fields.”

Other farmers, particularly those who depend on rainfall for irrigation in Uganda, are experiencing significant losses due to drought.

“Strategies need to be developed for banana production to adapt to extreme changes in climate, particularly rainfall and temperature in the banana‐growing areas,” they wrote. “One option is to utilize modern breeding tools such as genetic modification and genome editing for crop improvement.”

These methods are particularly useful with banana, a plant that is difficult to breed through conventional methods. “Genetic engineering…allows the transfer of useful traits from different species or across the same species, bypassing natural bottlenecks of breeding, thus making it applicable for the improvement of banana,” they wrote. “It provides a further option for the development of improved varieties resistant to diseases, particularly when no host plant resistance is available among banana germplasm.”

Researchers around the globe are currently trying to deliver preassembled Cas9 protein‐gRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) directly into plant cells, where they immediately edit the target sites and then are rapidly degraded, which reduces off‐target effects andleaves no traces of foreign DNA elements. The resulting plants would be free of transgenes and thus not subject to the GM regulatory process, according to the article.

Climate change is also expected to impact pathogen and pests, likely by increasing their aggressiveness and numbers. “Therefore, there is urgent need to develop improved varieties with broad spectrum and durable resistance to various diseases and pests,” the researchers wrote. “Modern plant biotechnology provides new tools for the development of disease and pest‐resistant transgenic banana plants through either overexpression of genes associated with defense or the editing of genes responsible for susceptibility or the negative regulator of the defense pathway.”

Gene editing also shows promise for breeding drought tolerance in bananas. “Extreme weather might suppress the immunity of banana against pathogens; therefore, evaluation of the available disease‐resistant varieties of banana under conditions of higher temperature is needed to identify sustainable resistance allowing plants to cope with epidemics under elevated temperature,” the authors wrote.


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Fall armyworm adds bitter note to farmer’s ‘sweet and sour journey’

By Verenardo Meeme

March 18, 2020

For 83-year-old Florence Wambui Theiru, a life of farming in Central Kenya has been a sweet and sour journey.

Over the decades, she’s seen it all. But fall armyworm, a devasting new pest that is devouring the maize crops that she depends on to feed her family and provide fodder for her cattle, has cut into her productivity and left her feeling distressed.

Despite her age, Wambui prides herself on being able to feed her family and three cattle from her labors on her farm. She works on the farm daily, though arthritis in one leg has somewhat affected her mobility. That, however, does not worry her nearly so much as the fall armyworm.

“My favorite crop, maize, that I have planted over decades was attacked even before tasseling,” she said. “Last year, we harvested almost nothing because the pests came and attacked our crop, contributing to my low yields.”

The experience of Wambui, who cultivates beans, bananas, potatoes and green peas, is no different than neighboring farmers, who have struggled with the stem borer and now fall armyworm, as well as drought, when farming maize over the last half a decade.

African plant researchers with the TELA project have used the technology of genetic engineering to develop drought-tolerant, insect-resistant varieties of maize. Though the improved Bt maize is currently being grown in South Africa, Kenya has yet to approve the crop.

Meanwhile, Kenya produced just 17 million bags of maize in 2019, though the nation has the potential to produce 80 million bags annually if it adopts new technologies, according to Kenya’s Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries.

Spraying chemicals on maize is not a viable option

“I don’t even recall when fall armyworm spread here, but last year was worse,” Wambui said. “Some farmers have used pesticides to control the pest, but to us it is expensive. Besides, it is somewhat difficult to even spray because we have other short seasonal crops on the farm.

“I have seen only maize succumb to fall armyworm and this makes me sad. Why does the pest only target maize?” Wambui wondered. “For instance, last year, beans and Irish potatoes performed better because they were not attacked, yet they are in the same farm.”

She has tried planting several maize varieties, but they are still susceptible to fall armyworm. “The pests move from one maize to another, devouring stems and leaves. Even worse, when drought strikes, maize may fail to yield but beans still survive.”

Meanwhile, Wambui has introduced green peas to her farm, hoping to harvest an off-season crop rich in protein to complement other farm produce and feed her family as she waits for the maize to yield.

Another challenge is being able to afford “farm inputs like fertilizer because the land has become less productive,” she told the Alliance for Science. “Yet sometimes I don’t have money to buy the fertilizer. I have to depend on my little income from this farm to buy seeds.”

Weeding challenge

Wambui also struggles to control the weeds invading her crops. During a recent visit to her farm, she was busy weeding using a long knife with a broad, hooked, blade (panga), and at times her bare hands. The weeds compete with her crops for nutrients and often overwhelm them, so she must manually remove the hardy weeds in order to save her crops. If she is unable to remove them before the maize starts tasseling, the yield will be too poor to feed her family.

“Ah! I get help to plow and prepare the land; do I look like I can do all that work alone?” Wambui chortled.  “I also get assistance from my neighbors as well. But I try my best to weed although at times I hire a tractor to prepare the land for planting.”

Florence Wambui struggles to keep weeds from overtaking her maize crop.

Family farming history

For Wambui, farming is her life. She has depended on it as long as she can remember.

“In earlier years, women were discouraged from going to school,” she recalled. “If you were enrolled in a school, you were perceived to be promiscuous. When you became of age, the only option was to get married and start a family. But today, a lot has changed. Women are allowed to go to school and progress.

“We bought this land many years ago,” she recalled. “We used to keep cattle, but many died, and we decided to grow crops. We farm for food and fodder. I live with my husband. We have many children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Some of our children are working here in Kenya, while others stay abroad. When my children visit, I like to give them some of my farm produce.”

Florence Wambui and her daughter, Easter Wacheke, prepare to weed the maize crop.

Her daughter, Easter Wacheke, volunteers to help Wambui on the farm. “I have come to help my mother because I have seen the value in her farming. For many years, I have seen her farming business transform all of us because we have depended on it for years and she has tried to transfer these skills to us.

“I would like to see modern agriculture step in and flourish because I would like to see progress,” Wacheke continued. “We would appreciate it if we get help to access quality new maize variety seeds that can fight the pests and drought. In that sense, farming would be good to us.”

Envisioning the future

Dr. Florence Wambugu, the founder, director and chief executive officer of Africa Harvest Biotech Foundation Int. (AHBFI), relates to the challenges and needs of farmers like Wambui.

“Coming from a smallholder farmer family, my dream was to study agriculture so that I can play a role in increasing food for farmers who struggle with agricultural production challenges,” she told the Alliance for Science. “There is so much struggle for women in agriculture in Kenya. But if a farmer can access technologies then he/she can increase their farming productivity.”

Fall armyworm is a serious problem in Africa. However, Bt technology has been used globally to develop genetically modified (GM) crops that can effectively fight the pests, she observed.

“We must solve our problem with the technology that exists,” Wambugu said. “Currently, there is no other technology that is as effective as Bt in fighting fall armyworm. In Africa, out of need, more countries are going to adopt the technology.

“I have never changed my position as a scientist that to the best of my knowledge there is no danger in GM foods,” she continued. “The technology is what we need to protect our crops to increase productivity.”

As for Wambui, she envisions a situation whereby young people will take over farming, optimistic that they will do it better because they can access information and technology that will allow them to take farming to the next level.

“A young person can do farming, given a piece of land like this one,” she said. “They can farm better because they even get information from phones, of which myself I cannot do so. They can use technologies to better plan their farm and source for the best inputs. But to handle droughts and fall armyworm, they must get knowledge and education.”


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That Thing You (or I) Do

You always do this thing, and it’s so manipulative but no one sees it because you’re you and so wonderful and funny and everyone loves you. That’s why it’s so difficult. You get in touch, or maybe I got in touch, and there’s this reminiscing over email or text, complete with old pics and references…

No Tell Motel

You only felt pain radiating through your bones, your fingers tight on the steering wheel, your other hand pressing down against your thigh to calm the ache.

I remember the first time I left town after having a boyfriend. I don’t know if he was really a boyfriend because he still had a wife.

Property Of

I watched as he made one more basket, caught the ball and then went into his house through the side door.  The sun had set and his lights were on.  The windows over the kitchen sink cast two yellow rectangles onto his driveway. I could see his mom putting away dishes.

That night we fought about his wife. We were drunk. He had to buy the beers because I was only eighteen.

Kicking in Malibu

My skin is hot and bumpy, my hair hurts where it is attached to my scalp. There is a growing fire in my chest and I feel like it’s burning me from the inside out.

New Mexico, 35 degrees.

It’s nights like these that I can’t stop thinking about you and those deserted middle of the night Albuquerque roads. There was a dive bar where we drank Bohemia and tequila shots and played on a pool table with ripped felt.  It was impossible to make a straight shot.  It was freezing outside.  I didn’t…

Remember being seventeen in that coffee place across the street from the bookstore when he told you it couldn’t happen again, and you said if he changed his mind to let you know.  How he went down on you in that cheap motel in Ensenada with your friend in the other bed and it felt…

Blackburn Daze.

Once I went home with this guy named Brian. He was a barback at Vertigo. Remember Vertigo? I don’t remember too much except that we had sex on a couch under a giant picture of the Nothing’s Shocking cover and he kept telling me to say “I’m coming I’m coming!” The picture was really big,…

It was too difficult and familiar tonight. I didn’t want to call you back but your message said you’d finished rehearsal and you were hungry and wanted to meet us. You joined our table, tried to join in our laughter. The lights are bright at Denny’s. It’s not junkie light. Not the kind of place…

SFV: Sanctuary

The valley’s not really magic.  When I was a kid I thought it was, because when you drive north on the 405 there’s a moment when you come over the hill and you see the valley laid out beneath you.  At night the lights on the buildings glitter red and white and yellow. Those San…


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You’ve probably noticed that your health isn’t what it used to be like in the past. Panting after a flight of stairs? Or is there discomfort in your knees or other parts of your body after carrying out a light task? There’s no denying that with aging, our body changes and we’re not like what we used to be during our primetime. Decrease your risk against possible health conditions and learn how to age well! Here are 5 health tips you can start today to keep yourself in shape!

1. Depression

Depression can happen to anyone at any age. Despite being a sunny island, depression in Singapore is more common than you thought. Depression is the more common form of mental disorder, with one in sixteen Singaporeans experiencing it at some point in their lives. Statistics are not as accurate as most depression cases go unreported. Compared to females, males are more prone to depression as it is perceived as a sign of weakness, choosing to suppress instead of seeking treatment for it. It is important to recognize that it’s perfectly normal to express your feelings and it’s healthy to reach out to someone who can lend you a listening ear.

2. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Don’t worry, it’s more common than you think. Work-related stress or other health diseases such as diabetes can lead to ED too. ED can be treated with medications, supplements and surgery. There are also natural treatments available, but it’s best to consult your doctor before trying any of the natural treatments. A diagnosis would be able to let your doctor know the cause of your ED. If your ED is a result of other health conditions, he could better recommend you treatments that can improve your health and your ED.

3. Heart Disease

Like the rest of your muscle in your body which needs to be exercised to be kept in good condition, your heart needs to be exercised too! If you find yourself panting after walking for a short distance or after some light exercises, you should start introducing light exercises in your lifestyle. Jogging, walking or cycling are some exercises that can keep your heart in good condition. Keeping a healthy diet is equally important as well!

4. Loss of Bone and Muscle Mass

As you leave your 30s and enter into your 40s, you might start to notice some changes to your waistline and belly. You might find that it’s easier to put on weight which is perfectly normal as metabolism rate starts slowing down. Other than slow metabolism, a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet such as the over-consumption of alcohol are factors contributing to your weight gain. The loss in muscle mass can start as early as the age of 30s. Start exercising regularly if you have not been doing so and add food rich in calcium and vitamin D to keep your bones healthy!

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The Day Chocolat’s Juliette Brioche Got Battered…

The Day Chocolat’s Juliette Brioche Got Battered…

Bread scares me. Not the finished article, I don’t have an irrational fear of a crusty baguette. But the making of it fills me with bread dread. Kneading is not my forte and the time required to prove this, prove that, prove you’re a good enough baker…  *Sigh*.

Which explains to some extent why I’ve fallen very behind in my Bake Off Challenge bake-along. I’ve been dodging week 3: Bread Week.

So I thought I’d double up and do two week’s worth in one go for Monday Munchies.

And don’t you just love the title? I do. Except it’s a lie as I didn’t make brioche. And yes I know it’s ‘Binoche’ but the former worked better. It does have chocolate in it though!

And the battered part? Well, that covers week 4 – a first for Bake Off with Batter Week. I am definitely earning my bread and batter… (sorry).

So what’s on the menu? Well Bread Week’s technical challenge was dampfnudeln. ‘Huh?’ I hear you say. Exactly, let’s skip these traditional, steamed bread buns shall we?

I’m not about to make a show stopper loaf either, when I’m afraid of making things with strong flour, so the basic/signature is what I went with. The requirement was a chocolate bread and I’ve gone with a chocolate and cherry plait.

Paul Hollywood’s recipe seemed easy enough to follow: I did mess up with one of the ingredients though, buying black cherry fruit filling (coated in syrup) rather than just cherries. Oh well, it just made it a little more gloopy so I didn’t add as many of them.

The plaiting part however… what on earth are those instructions? Talk about confusing! I tried following them but got completely lost so did it my own way. I have long hair – I know how to braid!! Mr. Hollywood on the other hand…

Looks plaited to me!

The end result was very satisfying, if a little burned. And sliced whilst still slightly warm, with a lashing of butter on it is the way to go. Although I imagine it will be very nice toasted with some jam too.

There was a healthy crack, as Paul would say, when I cut into it and it passed the spring test. Have I conquered my fear? Perhaps… Still, shops exist so I’ll not be indulging in making the weekly loaf for sarnies just yet!

Batter week had delicious churros for the showstopper and ‘lace’ pancakes for the technical. But as a Yorkshire lass, I couldn’t bypass the signature Bake that wanted 12 identical Yorkshire Puddings. Especially when (shock, horror) I’ve never made them. But when you have someone like Bessie in your family, where’s the need?!

Anywho, they were surprisingly easy. However, the identical part was more of a problem – large, voluminous and misshapen was more like it. Oh, and they had to be filled. Except there was no ‘well’ left to fill. So it was more ‘ladle at will’ with the chilli!

Still, they tasted good and that’s the main part, right? I will, however, be crossing that off my life skill list and return to paying Bessie in the future!

So what do you think? Would I progress to Week 5 in the tent? Let’s hope so, next time I’ll be tarting up… something!

Both recipes can be found via the links below – enjoy! 🙂

Chocolate and Cherry Plait

Easy Yorkshire Pudding Batter

Image Credits: My own plus, and

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13 thoughts on “The Day Chocolat’s Juliette Brioche Got Battered…

  1. The bread looks fabulous, Haylee. I actually unconsciously did a big inhale to see if I could smell it off the screen. And I did chuckle at your Yorkshire Pudding comment…I tried (once) to create a Christmas feast (in New Mexico of all places) and to serve Yorkshire Pudding…disaster…absolutely no rising happened…but the taste was OK…and it was fun to try. 🙂 By the way…love the title of this post. 🙂

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Haha, thank you – I’m so sorry we don’t have scented posts! I LOVE the fact that Yorkshire puds made it to New Mexico, regardless of whether they looked the part!! Special points for trying 🙂

  2. Oooh the plait thing looks just lovely! I make my own bread regularly but I have a bread maker, so it doesn’t really count, does it? But I am so very tempted by the chocolate and cherry creation that I might have to give it a go.
    12 identical yorkie puds?! I thought yorkie puds were like snowflakes – no two could ever be the same! Yours look incredible. I am drooling at the sight of them 😀

    Liked by 1 person

    1. I love the idea of a bread maker but I know I’d not use it – well maybe twice until the novelty wore off! And exactly… surely only factory baked. Above so precise? I quite liked that they continued to billow!!

      Liked by 1 person

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