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Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease - 1st Edition - ISBN: 9780128054178, 9780128054024

Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease

1st Edition

Emerging Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immune Support

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Editors: Shampa Chatterjee Wolfgang Jungraithmayr Debasis Bagchi
Hardcover ISBN: 9780128054178
eBook ISBN: 9780128054024
Imprint: Academic Press
Published Date: 25th September 2017
Page Count: 476
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Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease: Emerging Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immune Support provides a comprehensive description of the various pathways by which the vertebrate immune system works, the signals that trigger immune response and how fnew and novel nutraceuticals and functional foods, can be used to contain inflammation and also to boost immunity and immune health.

Inflammation is a tool to fight pathogens and the vertebrate immune system has a very complex network of cells to achieve this. However inflammation that goes awry is also the leding cause of several diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to diabetes. This book covers the entire gamut from the various cellular players in the inflammation-immune response to its ramifications in terms of protection against pathogens as well as in onset of metabolic, aging and auto-immune related diseases. Finally, the balancing role of dietary nutrients between host defence and immune support is also showcased. The first three scetions explain the various components of the immune system and their modes of activation. The fourth section deals with the ramifications of a robust and execessive inflammatory response. The fifth section is focused on the association between nutrition and immunity and how deficiencies in certain nutrients may affect immunocompetence. The sixth section chapters represent a vision of paradigm shifts within the field  and discusses possible future directions.

This bool will be a valuable reference for researchers studying immune health either in academia, or in the nutraceutical or functional food industries. Product developers in nutraceutical, supplement, functional food, and health food companies will also appreciate the information presented here.

Key Features

  • Conceptualizes the key features in natural products which can boost immune function and immune health
  • Explains the intricate mechanistic aspects and balance behind immune health
  • Presents the pathophysiology of several diseases associated with immune system disruption

Product developers in nutraceutical, supplement, functional food, and health food companies. Researchers studying immune health either in academia, or in the nutraceutical or functional food industries

Table of Contents

Section I: Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems: Components and Regulation
1. Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Barriers and Receptor Based Recognition
2. Innate Immunity at Birth: Implications for Inflammation and Infection in Newborns
3. Redox Signaling and Onset of the Inflammatory Cascade

Section II: Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress and Immune Cell Activation
4. Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage and Cell Death
5. Mitochondrial ROS and T Cell Activation
6. Oxidants and Inflammation: Endothelial Targeting Of Antioxidants to Combat Disease
7. Oxidative Signaling In Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases

Section III: Inflammatory Systems: Mechanistic Pathways Of Stimulation and Suppression
8. Immune Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract in Health and Disease
9. The Biological Role of NADPH Oxidases in Pulmonary Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Pulmonary Inflammation
10. Receptor Blockade of CD26/DPP4 as a Therapeutic Strategy Against I/R Injury and Lymphocytic Inflammation And Its Clinical Implications
11. DPPIV/CD26 as A Target in Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
12. Redox Sensitive Transcription via Nrf2-Keap1 in Suppression of Inflammation

Section IV: Immunity and Inflammation: Common Threads Of Multifactorial Diseases
13. Monogenic Defects of Toll-Loke receptor Signaling and Primary Immunodeficiency
14. PPAthogen - and Microbial- Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) in the Innate Immune Response in Crohn's Disease
15. Inflammation and Calcification in the Vascular Tree; Insights into Atherosclerosis
16. From Inflammation to Cancer: Opportunites for Chemoprevention via Dietary Intervention
17. Inflammation in Bullous Pemphigoid, a Skin Auto-Immune Disease
18. Inflammation in Systemic Immune Diseases: Role of TLR9 Signaling and the Resultant Oxidative Stress in Pathology of Lupus

Section V: Nutraceuticals in Boosting Immune Support and as Therapeutics for Inflammatory Diseases
19. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-microbial Properties of Achillea millefolium in Acne Treatment
20. Lactobacillus Gasseri Potentiates Immune Response Against Influenza Virus Infection
21. Micronutrients in Skin Immunity and Associated Diseases
22. Mycobiome and Gut Inflammation: Implications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
23. Flavonoids in Treating Psoriasis
24. Probiotics and Anti-Inflammatory Processes in HIV Infected: From Benchside Research to Bedside
25. Chronic Inflammation in Asthma: Anti-Malarial Drug Artesunate as a Therapeutic Agent
26. Nutrition as a Tool to Reverse Immunosenescence?

Section VI: New Perspectives and Future Directions
27. Therapeutic Interventions to Block Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathologies
28. Phytochemicals as Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Phytophamaceuticals
29. Fermented Milk in Protection Against Inflammatory Mechanisms In Obesity
30. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Altering Microbiota: Implications in Colorectal Cancer
31. Naturopathy and Lifestyle Interventions in Boosting Immune Responses in HIV Positive Population
32. Eating Habits and Fighting Disease: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods at the Intersection of Immune Health and Inflammatory Responses

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© Academic Press 2018
25th September 2017
Academic Press
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About the Editor

Shampa Chatterjee

Dr. Shampa Chatterjee received her PhD in Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology (Bombay) in 1997. Her research interests are in the field of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox biology as it relates to inflammation. Her lab studies the effect of ROS generated by the vascular wall in onset of inflammation. Toward this, work from her group shows that signals emanating from the wall of blood vessels are the earliest stimuli for the onset and amplification of inflammation. The topics addressed in this book are thus central to her research where she tries to unravel the balance between host defense and inflammation induced damage.

Currently, Dr. Chatterjee serves on the Editorial Board of several journals in the field of pulmonary physiology (American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pulmonary Circulation and Jacobs Journal of Physiology). She has published more than 50 papers in peer reviewed journals. She has also received numerous awards such as the Carolin Tum Suden young Investigator Award, and the Hermann Rahn award for Excellence if Pulmonary Physiology in 2015.

Affiliations and Expertise

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Wolfgang Jungraithmayr

Wolfgang Jungraithmayr MD, PhD is a transplant surgeon and immunologist with a research interest in the field of transplant and tumor immunology. His lab has unraveled some of the signaling events that follow the transplant procedure and that lead to allograft rejection post lung transplant. He is professor of thoracic surgery at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, and the Medical University Brandenburg, Germany. Wolfgang Jungraithmayr published more than 70 original articles and received several awards, among them the Grillo Award of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Affiliations and Expertise

University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Medical University Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany

Debasis Bagchi

Debasis Bagchi

Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE, received his Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, and Chief Scientific Officer at Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, Adjunct Faculty in Texas Southern University, Houston, TX. He served as the Senior Vice President of Research & Development of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc, Benicia, CA, from 1998 until Feb 2011, and then as Director of Innovation and Clinical Affairs, of Iovate Health Sciences, Oakville, ON, until June 2013. Dr. Bagchi received the Master of American College of Nutrition Award in October 2010. He is the Past Chairman of International Society of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (ISNFF), Past President of American College of Nutrition, Clearwater, FL, and Past Chair of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Chicago, IL. He is serving as a Distinguished Advisor on the Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards (JIHFS), Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Bagchi is a Member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. He has published 321 papers in peer reviewed journals, 30 books, and 18 patents. Dr. Bagchi is also a Member of the Society of Toxicology, Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Nutrition Research Academy, and Member of the TCE stakeholder Committee of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. He is also Associate Editor for the Journal of Functional Foods, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, and the Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, and is also serving as Editorial Board Member of numerous peer reviewed journals, including Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Cancer Letters, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, and The Original Internist, among others.

Affiliations and Expertise

University of Houston College of Pharmacy, TX, USA

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1. Anonymous says:

    this is an important distinction and you have argued it very persuasively.

    i too felt a shadow of doubt when i read a post of greewaldâ€™s raising this issue, but i did not have in mind such a thorough argument as this.

    i will also say , with the expectation that glenn will read this post,

    that some of his commentary is taking on a slightly frenetic quality.

    i think this is in part a result of being very knowledgeable and very concerned about the FISA/first ammendment issue and in part a result of the deep frustration one citizen can feel when trying to remedy illegal or hurtful behavior on the part of the presidency.

    this latter frustration is most certainly associated with â€the flabbiness of our fourth estateâ€.

  2. Anonymous says:

    The thing is, all of these foreign interests have access to big public relations firms. And the media in this country has become utterly dependent on and credulous of public relations efforts. Meanwhile, the citizens of the United States have little such access to the influence industry.

    So the media reports as news what is really PR, and meanwhile does not do the real investigative work that it was suppose to do to keep an informed citizentry. Okay, letâ€™s have some creative fun. What would you (pleural you) recommend be done, probably through news laws in the future (It sure as heck isnâ€™t going to be prevented by this current bunch), to prevent this current nightmare, dangerous scenario from being able to happen again.

  3. Anonymous says:

    Just another day at the office, another brilliant, unbelieveably original analysis of facts, overflowing with insight, and deftly navigating very troubled and largely unchartered waters. Dwarfed by the larger issues you raise is imo your finely calibrated, very appropriate, and very necessary treatment of AIPAC.
    If you have the time or the interest, I am interested in your thoughts on campaign finance reform. Domestic and Foreign â€special interestsâ€ routinely have BILLIONS of dollars depending on the outcome of a single U.S. law or interpretation. This means there is massive pressure to influence our elections and the individual decisions of our elected officials. Your post reveals the â€unintended consequencesâ€ of putting a â€CAPâ€ on some kinds of campaign donations and some kinds of campaign expenditures. However well intentioned, these laws drive this enormous domestic and foreign financial pressure into a rapidly growing, vertically integrated, U.S. public relations and lobbying industry. I have no solutions, but my opinion is that timely â€traceabilityâ€ is still, despite all the attention paid to it, a RELATIVELY underappreciated and seriously underfunded part of campaign finance reform.

  4. Anonymous says:

    As more states adopt public financing, I think it might become a viable option nationally. That would certainly take the special interests out of the process.

    Iâ€™d return to the fairness doctrine, for one. Iâ€™d name some real small-is-beautiful folks at the FCC (it is surprising how close some on the left and right are on a number of media issues). Iâ€™d make (and enforce) media ownership rules that limit the number of outlets you can open in one city or across the country. Those are some first ideas, anyway.

  5. Anonymous says:

    Completely agree with the spy operation speculation, ew, even though, as is so often the case, I hadnâ€™t thought of it this way until you presented it.

    And I completely agree with your suggestions for â€newâ€ media laws. Isnâ€™t it interesting how these suggestions merely represent a return to the status quo ante, to a time when the media were far from perfect, far from as independent or tough as they ought to have been, but so much better than today?

  6. Anonymous says:

    ew, imo all â€public financingâ€ does is drive the problem upstream to the party level. Foreign and domestic â€special interestâ€ money will then try to â€influenceâ€ the â€partyâ€ leaders who select the candidates who use the public financing.
    Completely agree with your call for more competition in the media.

  7. Anonymous says:

    kinda on-topic (but i was going to post anyway!) – iâ€™m going to interview larisa in the coming week – mostly about her recent series covering everything from ledeen to plame to iran to niger to phase II to porter goss – what questions should i ask? please put them in the comments in this post over at my place (or leave them here if EW doesnâ€™t mind)

    John Casper – â€timely traceabilityâ€ is indeed important. In the Vanity Fair article about Sibel, David Rose outlines one mechanism that was used by certain criminals – shovelling money at Hastert in small donations (under $200) so that they didnâ€™t have to be reported. We are currently trying to force him to disclose his contribution list to prove/disprove this claim – there should be a small release of info by FEC this week – altho we arenâ€™t expecting to find much in there.

  8. Anonymous says:

    While I agree it would be great to make some changes in the traditional media, I think itâ€™s even more important to protect how the internet operates. I donâ€™t take for granted that weâ€™ll always be able to do what weâ€™re doing here right now.

  9. Anonymous says:

    Good post. Good comparison. Chalabi should be a lesson to everyone, but of course he wonâ€™t be.

    Donâ€™t know how much can be done with laws. Media companies have to be willing to support investigative reporting and reparters who report rather than relate what they are told. Iâ€™m all for a revival of the fairness doctrine. Maybe also the old requirement for public affairs programming, and free airtime at least in statewide campaigns. And enforcement. Of course, money corrupts there as well.

  10. Anonymous says:

    Is it reasonable to ask that a media company not be owned by a company from any other sector â€” i.e., GE-NBC, and Disney-ABC, and Viacom-CBS? So not only limit the size of media companies â€” the number of markets they reach and their saturation in those markets â€” but also make sure media companies are only media companies, with no conflicts of interest between their news desk and their corporate HQ.

    Those different rules for media/news businesses would have to be justified in the terms ew just mentioned: news is a public good as well as a business product, so businessmen who choose to operate in that industry have to accept certain limitations that protect the public-good aspects of the news.

    That would still not touch another inappropriate influence on news desks: the need to maintain good relations with large, generally corporate advertisers. But at least the direct channel from Jack Welch to Tim Russert would be broken.

  11. Anonymous says:

    Is it reasonable to ask that a media company not be owned by a company from any other sector â€” i.e., GE-NBC, and Disney-ABC, and Viacom-CBS? So not only limit the size of media companies â€” the number of markets they reach and their saturation in those markets â€” but also make sure media companies are only media companies, with no conflicts of interest between their news desk and their corporate HQ.

    Yup! I have thought quite a bit along these lines, and I agree. Business profit conflict of interests are dangerous to objective media reporting, and we all know you really cannot go against the Boss. Just not reality, so keep media ownership out of other corporate controlled business lines and let media only compete with itself!

    A fun (well maybe) game I play in my mind is to look at who owns large TV stations and compare which ones I can stomach to watch with ones that I think are too propaganda oriented in favor of this administration. Personally, I think CBS (owned by Viacom?) is the most objective, investigative, and willing to confront power, at least they were before Dan rather got himself caught in the Bush-silencer machine. CNN is not too bad (owned by Time-Warner), but all the rest are administation-corporate stooges, again IMO. I am especially sad about the demise of NBC (Owned by GE) from the Huntley-Brinkley days of my youth. I mean how far can you be corrupted?

    I wonder how others feel, and if my feelings are correct or on target, why do these corporations (Viacom and TimeWarner) allow relatively (not perfect) better objective reporting than say Fox or GE?

  12. Anonymous says:

    yeah, I agree those suggestions are just status quo. Iâ€™m trying to think of a way to reconceive of media as a public good, operated like a utility (which therefore doesnâ€™t have to make a huge profit) but that still remains open to everyone. NPR is obviously just as ripe for politicization as privately owned media (and my local NPR station, one of the biggest in the country is being investigated for some kind of finance crime). But the media as public good needs to have MORE competition, not less. If these media outlets really cared to compete, we might get better quality out of them.

  13. Anonymous says:

    On secrecy, the law should be changed so that no crime can be classified. Exposure of a crime would be a defense from prosecution for leaking classified info. Also, low level classified info should be sunset at 12 months. There is ungodly amounts of not-secret stuff classified on a routine basis. That stuff should be quickly available to the public.

    On Fairness Doctrine, I am sympathetic to the goals, but it never worked very well, and economic changes would make it work less well today. Concentration of ownership rules are a good idea, but will have limited effect.

    The media is not the answer. We have to build other institutions.

    I have blathered on here and elsewhere about the need for professional political parties, and open dialogue between the parties and the public, etc. Also, we need to reform the procedures of Congress. Hard to imagine a more disfunctional, less democratic place. No bill should be voted on unless it is posted on the internet at least two weeks earlier. What is the excuse for the legislation by ambush approach so rampant now?

    Universities should pool resources, set up semester in DC programs for students, and cover Congress in an organized way. If the info is readily available, the media might be shamed into reporting some of it. Others will look in at the student stuff on the web. This would work best on the budget â€” a highly repetitive process that could be routinely covered in depth. But other issues as well.

    In the meantime, good efforts above by all at keeping thinking dissent a part (albeit small part) of the public discussion.

  14. Anonymous says:

    Can you elaborate on what you mean by â€the media is not the answerâ€? No one has ever conceived of democracy that didnâ€™t have working media (well, not since Athens). So Iâ€™m having a tough time figuring out how to put it aside.

  15. Anonymous says:

    The media is not the answer. We have to build other institutions.

    Ultimately, accountability to the truth must be enforced. How to do that long term is the question in my mind!

    How many are familiar with the optional Journalism Code of Ethics? Too bad its optional, but if it was not, how would one enforce such things?

  16. Anonymous says:

    Markets tend to segment. Henry Ford built one model, the â€Tâ€ Ford. The automobile â€marketâ€ segmented into thousands of different models. Microsoft built (stole from Xerox) one operating system, Windows, which went into all personal computers. Although Microsoft is still dominant, now there are lots of different operating systems, inside and outside of the pc market. Because of the strength of their â€brand,â€ the New York Times and the Washington Post imo will survive for at least the next generation. The blogs, however, appear to be an increasingly important player in insuring/hounding the corporate media into some level of accuracy.

  17. Anonymous says:

    The President named the author of the GA voter ID law to the FEC as a recess appointment, thereby earning the ire of one fairly liberal US Senator. The Presdient made two other recess apointments to FEC at the same time, his preferred m.o. rather than vetting nominations in Congressional committee; one more increment of unitary executive Bush-2 style. The article appeared early in January 2006.
    I take a somewhat originalist view of campaign finance. Unfortunately, the best analysis and investigative journalim is expensive and time consuming to find. EW provides some of the best, and other principals at this site, and some similar, mostly academic, sites which I have found provide the best perspective, depth, and timeliness.
    I find Greenwaldâ€™s work salutary for the public commons, and I appreciate his avid participation and dedication, but tend to agree with cooler minds rather than jumping into the fray uncharted territory style; so, here, agree more with EW on the spy business. Experts in those matters control its bounds; it is a given in our times that even our allies are â€™spyingâ€™ among ourselves, though we usually ascribe more friendly motives to its intent.
    PACs notoriously are innovative designers of coordinated giving campaigns; inadvertently, I worked for the treasurer of one such entity for many years, though when I resigned it was purposeful. Politics tends to be, to use one overzealous former presidential candidateâ€™s colorful adjective, â€™sleazyâ€™. It is the nature of the beast, at least in my view, unless the candidates are driven by great principle, and can speak the common vocabulary. I favor lots of money in politics, but the tricky politicians always figure out a way to camoflage donors; and donors similarly obfuscate.
    To me, we are the media; there are infotainment network dinosaurs but media is elsewhere, as well; and ours here much more vibrant and burgeoning; though it is difficult to frame this in terms of the basement football television. Perhaps it is a stage-of-life matter; those people past their twenties can watch sports and pine for the perfect form. There are other things to do with time, though.
    I am waiting for politicians to realize how much more effective their own websites might be, rather than relying on the network television and expending so large a proportion of communications budgets there. One of the most difficult lessons for some websites is generating timely content and ascribing a date to it in an easy to identify location. I like visiting eriposte and truthout but a lot of visitor time is wasted trying to locate when items were posted.
    On the Bolton comment, I was pondering what the Presidentâ€™s plan might be for spring 2007 when Boltonâ€™s recess appointment terminates.
    On Greenwaldâ€™s concern for journalistsâ€™ privacy safeguards, I support the enunciated congressional intent to write a federal shield law, but remain doubtful the name of such a law will describe its contents; rather, anticipate the actual law would increase the current trend to pressure journalists on privacy of sources. Right after Judy got out of the pokey she testified in congress about her experience and the dog-pony first amendment shield she would like; one supposes liberals listening to her vaunted rhetoric were discomforted, given the kind of reporting she does; but, doubtless her plight illustrated some very conservative senatorsâ€™ interest in providing more protections for such as she. The crocodile may shed a tear, now. Though we may yet find out her instrumentality in the Libby mess is more important than it has seemed, I, for one, was glad to see her out of jail. No place for a reporter. I know some had more descriptive nouns to identify the quality of her work and the orientation of her politics.
    Besides the matter of who is protected, the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press has a little article posted about hidden trials which are nondocketed newly posted to their site.
    I think first amendment protections for reporters, and limits on political campaign spending are examples of two areas in which regulation helps; there is a known slippage factor by which unpredicted maneuvers will circumvent the regs; and there is a re-visit to the legislative process; kind of an organic relation between the regulated and the regulator. And the process needs to be viewed in its entirety as one of substantial net worth as long as the rules continue to protect and oversee. Where they miss, we fill the gap here.

  18. Anonymous says:

    When the press is intimidated enough they freeze up and then the underground press kicks in. It was that way with the opening of the civil rights movement. It took 15 years for the press to finally start covering it. Of course, when they did things started happening.

    We have a similar situation. The press is terrified to cover this story. The Bible is a proved hoax. A researcher has unraveled the origin of the written historical record used to construct it which is the accepted method for proving literary hoaxes. At this time only an underground, word of mouth – blog is reporting the story which is on the net at http://www.hoax-buster.org.

    Something over 42 million Americans and more world wide know the truth about the sacred scriptures, that they are as phony as those who preach from them.

  19. Anonymous says:

    In general, I mean that traditional journalism (particularly tv journalism) is the bright object that catches our attention, but it is not where we have the most opportunity to improve public debate. Economics and cultural traditions of journalism dictate the daily routines, and neither is likely to change fundamentally anytime soon.

    There are other spots where we can better focus our energy.

    I have been griping/obsessing about the media for 35 years, and that is too much madness to inflict upon anyone â€“ especially after midnight on a school night. But Iâ€™ll try to quickly outline my thoughts.

    Two key assumptions.

    First, I believe that the key task of democratic leadership is to show people their options for daily living in specific, mundane terms. (Daunting in a complex world where confused, fearful people often retreat to fantasies of glory detached from mundane factors.)

    Second, I believe that the key to understanding/changing any culture is to analyze the daily routines. We do not invent ourselves anew every morning. In general, we get up and do our job. We also tend to tell ourselves that doing our job is what we should be doing.

    Anyway, our infuriating press makes â€œsenseâ€ if you think about what it does on a daily basis. But our press is totally inadequate (insane) from the perspective of whether it accomplishes minimum requirements of an effective democratic public debate. In other words, it totally fails to help people to understand their options in specific, mundane terms.

    Our system of public debate desperately needs improving. The media is aggravating. But it does not necessarily follow that our best opportunities for changing the daily routines of public debate involve directly changing the media.

    In general, tv news is entertainment. It is cheap to produce, and it brings in ad revenue. That will remain the focus of tv news (bringing in ad revenue).

    The daily routines of tv news are appalling. First, the people selected are not terribly competent. Journalism is an unattractive profession. Too much moving around and the entry pay is bad. Also, much of the activity of journalists is not intellectually stimulating (e.g., camping out in the driveway of a celebrity who did something bad). Second, the activities are organized to chase â€œdaily newsâ€ â€“ not a coherent intellectual treatment of the world around us. Almost no research is part of the mix, and the need for a â€œnews hookâ€ means that subjects will be approached from odd angles and will be abandoned as soon as a better news hook comes along. Third, journalists bask in the delusion that their â€œcraftâ€ is a noble undertaking. Makes journalists even more resistant to common sense.

    The process of public debate is broader than journalism. We should be creative wherever we can make improvements.

    We cannot change the main focus of tv journalism. People enjoy the entertainment aspects, and it makes money. But we can and should try to supplement the â€œsky view of OJ riding in his Broncoâ€ staple fare.

    Supplementing journalism with better info serves a few purposes. First, it informs a few people â€“ maybe those who are opinion leaders. Second, by demonstrating a more rigorous approach to information, it punctures the authority of the usual tripe. People will enjoy the tripe, but put less faith in it, and start to look elsewhere when it seems important to get good info.

    I think that public interest web sites organized and produced by a steady stream of college kids would be a nice institution to build (as mentioned in earlier post).

    Also, organizing our political parties would serve many purposes. First, it would impose a discipline on the politicians by forcing them to think ahead and to think in an organized way. Second, it would result in another information stream for people with the gumption to find out information. Third, it would create a record that opposing party would shine a light on at election time. Fourth, it would create some ORGANIZED NEWS HOOKS apart from the latest storm or missing white woman.

    Much more to talk about, but this is probably more than you care to read already.

  20. Anonymous says:

    Oh, now I see what youâ€™re saying.

    I guess I donâ€™t see how you can separate â€mediaâ€ from public discourse. If weâ€™re going to have a conversation in this great big country of ours, weâ€™re going to depend at least partially on telecommunications (media) technology. Between cable and phone lines, our conversation is being carried over the same technology as the TV news you complain about. And the latter, at least, is still regulated by the FCC (the former probably ought to be, which would have a salutory effect on how we could influence cable). Add to the attempts to move away from content neutral programming, and weâ€™re at a very similar moment to the first regulation on broadcasting, where a bunch of horizontal conversations (amateur radio operators, who often were more skilled than the â€professionalsâ€ working for the navy) were replaced by vertical ones (eventually, the shitty TV news).

    So one of the solutions needs to be not only fighting changes to content neutral Internet. But also to increase the support for the Internet so that Joe Sixpack will support the cause of content neutral Internet.

  21. Anonymous says:

    If you say we get what we deserve as a nation to what I am saying now, I have no answer for that!

    1. Adults in America all have the same vote power. Most adults are working so much (by someoneâ€™s design probably but that is another story) that they just do not have the time and energy to pursue difficult news avenues.

    2. Our national voting structure is set up to reward great power to small groups which allows these small groups to screw the majority. Two examples. 35 million people in Ca and 19.5 million people in NY are represented by the same 2 senators in each state as Wyomingâ€™s 500,000 people. Who thought this crap up??? Second, the senority system in Congress and the unlimited terms they can serve, rewards many small cliches that can keep the same Senator or Rep in power so that some district of a few thousand religious fanatics in Utah can control the lives of hundreds of millions elsewhere. Again, who thought up this crap?

    Anyway, it is unlikely we can change the structure of the federal govt soon, although an actual popular vote for president would be a god first step, but the brainwashing that is likely taking placed through an organized effort of corporate and political America through the TV news media is a true detriment to workable secular democracy. I do think it is structurally imperative to stop such brainwashing where it can be shown to be taking place or at least set journalistic standards for TV news and enforce them. Easier said than done!

  22. Anonymous says:

    What Iâ€™d like to know is why the traditional press isnâ€™t drawing a sharper distinction between whistle blowing and leaking. It seems to me that motive pretty neatly separates those who are exposing government secrets to undermine possible corrupt practices by government officials and doing so for political payback (the Plame affair perfectly illustrates that difference), to unduly influence public policy or to help a foreign government (Rosen).

    If the WaPo and the Times arenâ€™t drawing that line just because they like being on the receiving end of the political stuff, then they deserve, at least, to be tarred by the resulting ambiguity.

  23. Anonymous says:

    Of course, trying to keep the media honest (as you, Atrios, Digby, and many others do) is a worthwhile endeavor. But I do not see it tipping the balance of daily routines.

    Other things might. We need to organize information. Universities could do much more, especially if they pooled resources. Actually, it would not be that hard to make a big impact. It is frustrating to see such a lack of imagination and initiative.

    I think your faith in regulation of media companies is misplaced. Regs prevented Fox News type phenomena, but produced little positive. And after all, squelching speech is not supposed to be the American model. About the only positive achieved by Fairness Doctrine was to open up coverage of civil rights movement in the South in late sixties. An important, but isolated achievement.

    We need to create institutions that gather, organize and present info in a meaningful and interesting way. That is the way forward, in my view.


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Day 34: Frankly, We Have a Lot Right Now

Still shaking my head over Trump’s interview with Tucker Carlson. While asked about evidence supporting Trump’s claim that President Obama wiretapped him, Trump said, “Frankly, we have a lot right now.”

Bring it, buddy. And with less bullshit because frankly, we have a lot right now.

While you’re at it, bring your tax returns as evidence you’re not violating the Emoluments Clause or in bed with Russia.

Reminder: you’ve got 34 days until we expect to see a 2016 income tax return.

Non-Tax Return Stuff:

UK’s PM Theresa May denies Indy Ref 2.0 before Brexit — When you need a break from American leadership stupidity, just take a look at May. Here’s an unforced error of hubris and hypocrisy; telling the Scots they can’t have a vote to leave the UK after the UK had a vote to leave the EU is just asking for the Scots to hold a referendum on their own. Nicola Sturgeon has already rebutted, calling May’s block “undemocratic.”

Fed Chair Yellen said, “The data have not notably strengthened” after rate hike — Between increases in energy and health costs not offset by decreases in food and apparel costs, the consumer price index rose 2.7% over the last 12 months. Private sector compensation only rose 2.2% over the same period. Consumer spending has been lackluster and businesses are not investing. The post-crash boom is petering out and nothing this administration or Congress is doing will help. A billionaire can only buy so many condos and yachts to keep the economy afloat, and workers can’t buy much on their chicken feed minimum wage at part-time jobs while they have to budget for increasing health care expenses. (I should point out here that the CPI detailed report won’t be produced after June 2017 thanks to Trump’s diktats. How convenient.)

Trump tells Michigan auto workers he’s fighting for their jobs — Sure he is. This guy is fricking clueless about manufacturing (ex: Carrier in Indiana) including the automotive industry. Detroit’s cheese is being eaten by entirely new entrants who don’t worry about emissions standards and whose mileage concerns are of an entirely different nature. After decades of Detroit’s inadequate R&D sunk into battery-powered vehicles combined with vacillating leadership on the future of fossil-fueled combustion engines, Michigan’s auto industry is now battling for market share with companies like Tesla, while Tesla is already seeing new competition emerge like Lucid Motors. Tesla and Lucid are both located in the U.S. Meanwhile, Trump’s budget plans revealed today are a shiv in Michigan’s back; why live and work here if the lakes aren’t clean, schools are underfunded, mass transit is suppressed?

Dispatcher punished in Tamir Rice case — What a bunch of crap. The officer who had the ultimate final and mortal power in Tamir Rice’s case — shooting Rice in seconds after arrival at the playground — should have been criminally prosecuted. Meanwhile, a dispatcher who never saw the victim or the scene of the shooting was suspended.

I feel awful now, after reading so much about Trump and writing about that last piece. Treat this like an open thread though I can’t look in again until I do something positive to get the Trumpish off me.


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KZN floods death toll climbs to 'about' 70

The devastating floods have left more than 60 people dead and forced more than a thousand from their homes.

DURBAN – The death toll in the KwaZulu-Natal floods has climbed to "about" 70.

IN PICTURES: Floods sweep KZN, parts of EC

KZN acting Premier Sihle Zikalala made the announcement at a media briefing on Thursday morning.

Zikalala indicated that final figures will be released later in the day.

“It is a situation that is worrying,” Zikalala said.

“It is the first time in KwaZulu-Natal that we lose people in this greater number.”

VIDEO: Search for body in KZN floods aftermath continues

Torrential rains lashed the province earlier this week resulting in damage to housing infrastructure and roads.

Zikalala said government will be preparing assistance for those affected by the floods.

He said assistance will include providing dignified funerals for the deceased and arranging accommodation and clothing for those who have been displaced


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Random Posts

What is a Tectonic Plate?

Look at a map of the world.
Can you see the shapes of Africa and South America?
Does it look as if they will fit together?
Make a jigsaw puzzle of the two shapes and find out if they do.

Early in the 20th century, a German scientist called Alfred Wegener studied fossils in rocks from Africa and South America. Fossils are imprints or remains of plants or animals usually found in rocks. He found that the fossils on both continents were the remains of the same animals and plants.
He introduced the theory that mountains in different countries might once have been joined together.
The Cape Mountains in South Africa, for example, could have once been joined to mountains south of Buenos Aires, in Argentina.
Wegener believed that, over millions of years, the continents had gradually moved away from each other.
Continents are still moving today. Scientists call this movement the continental drift.

What are tectonic plates?

Many scientists now believe that the crust of the earth is not formed in one huge piece, but is divided up into large sections, called tectonic plates.
These solid plates are floating on the mantle, the thick layer of solid rock that also contains hot, liquid rocks moving underneath the earth's crust.

What causes tectonic plates to move?

It's so hot inside the earth, that some of the molten rocks in the mantle are pushed upwards.
These rocks break through the crust at the weakest points of the crust, usually where two plates meet.
Then the plates are pushed apart.
In other places, cooler rocks in the mantle are pushed downwards towards the hot inner core.
When the plates that make up the earth's crust are pushed together, one plate is forced below the other and melts in the mantle.

How fast are the tectonic plates moving?

Tectonic plates move from less than one inch (2.5 centimeters) to eight inches (20 centimeters) a year.


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Steam discharges

Paul Lee

Aug 11, 2003
Were steam discharges (as used on April 15th) only installed on only the first three funnels? One survivor (whose name I can't recall but is listed on Pellegrino's website) said that steam only issued from the vents on the first funnel.

Scott R. Andrews

Steam escape pipes were installed on all four funnels, and while only those on the first three were connected to the safety valves of boilers beneath them, the escapes on the No.4 funnel were not ornaments. The escape pipes on the fourth funnel were connected to pipes and valves in the engine room that were provided to shunt exhaust steam from the ship's auxiliaries past the condensers and directly to the atmosphere when this machinery was required to operate in the non-condensing mode.

Most typically, the non-condensing mode was switched to when, with the ship placed in dry dock, it was still necessary to continue operating the electric plant, refrigeration, ventilation, fire pumps, etc. (In dry dock, with the sea chests lifted clear of the water, there was no supply of water with which to circulate the condensers, so these were obviously of no use.) Mostly, this was done when the ships were dry-docked for shorter periods -- spot inspections, propeller repairs, etc. During longer stays such as seasonal overhauls and the like, when the entire steam plant was shut down, shoreside utilities replaced the electricity and water pressure generated on board.

If you look at photos of the Olympic and Titanic in dry dock, you will see a plume of steam blowing off of the escapes on the No.4 funnel. The same thing may be seen in photos of other ships as well (the Hulton Getty photos of the Aquitania and other ships dry-docked at Southampton come to mind.)

Scott Andrews

Similar threads


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A.P.C. Positively Normal TeeWhite

Import Duties Paid

Fresh from the SS20 collection, A.P.C. subverts the confrontational nature of slogans with this white-on-white embroidered tee. It reads “Positively Normal” - one of the Parisian label’s four founding values and a pithy response to the brand’s characteristically irreverent and quirky designs.

  • 100% Cotton
  • Ribbed Crewneck


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New Balance ML850YSDWhite, Green & Pink

Import Duties Paid

The first New Balance to do away with the iconic ‘N’ branding at the sidewall, the late ‘90s 850 pushed the boundaries of the until-then reserved footwear label. Following the OG revival earlier this year, this iteration is offered in a myriad of colours, throwing pink, green and yellow into the mix alongside the usual black and white. With Rollbar® technology to the medial side and the flying N logo to the lateral, it’s a throwback New Balance at its very best.

  • Mesh Uppers
  • Leather Overlays
  • Embroidered Branding
  • Rollbar® Technology
  • Rubber Outsole


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Energy Drinks Target Young Men, with Lucrative and Lethal Results

Energy drinks close up

The number of emergency room visits involving energy drinks more than doubled between 2007 and 2011—from 10,064 in 2007 to 20,783 in 2011. A lesser known fact is that young men are especially vulnerable to energy drink advertising, and consequently, these drinks’ crippling health effects. Notably, of the 20,783 ER visitors in 2011, 14,905—nearly 75%—were men. About the same number—14,051—were aged 18 to 39.

A recent study by the International Journal of Cardiology, meanwhile, looked for a correlation between energy drinks and patients with heart palpitations.

Sure enough, 36% had consumed an energy drink within 24 hours of being rushed to the ER. These patients were deemed otherwise healthy and not at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, meaning the energy drinks were indeed the toxic X factor.

Even more damning, patients who consumed two or more energy drinks a day had a significantly higher occurrence of heart palpitations. Researchers explained that “fast heartbeat, heart palpitations and chest pain was seen in energy drink consumers who were healthy and had no risk factors for heart disease.” This echoes a November 2015 study by the American Heart Association, which found that drinking a single 16-ounce energy drink raises blood pressure and doubles stress hormones in young, healthy adults.

This is especially troubling news given that, according to the CDC, more than one-third of 18-to-24-year-olds down energy drinks on a regular basis.

Which, unfortunately, is exactly how the energy drink industry likes it.

How Energy Drink Companies Exploit Young Men

Taking a cue from Big Tobacco, Big Energy has long targeted not just teens and preteens but 18-to-35-year-old males, with deadly efficiency. They do so by enlisting a star-studded roster of athletes, and by exploiting young men’s desire to be more masculine and powerful.

Monster Energy—the world’s second most profitable energy drink, after Red Bull—sponsors dozens of athletes across the testosterone-fueled worlds of motocross, mixed martial arts (MMA), extreme sports, even professional poker and bull-riding. Their roster includes MMA fighter Conor McGregor (age 27), motorcycle racers Eli Tomac (23) and Josh Brookes (32), and wakeboarder Kevin Henshaw (29). Red Bull and Rockstar follow similar blueprints, with devastating physical and psychological effects.

According to a November 2015 study published in Health Psychology, young men consume energy drinks because they want to be more masculine and “perform better”—a direct result of the male-oriented advertising and sponsorships outlined above. But, far from boosting energy or strength, the energy drinks succeed only in triggering anxiety and disturbing sleep (among other side effects). Researchers conclude that the study “adds to the literature on potential negative health implications” of energy drinks by severely misleading young men about the health outcomes of energy drink consumption.

Psychologists note that these companies prey upon young men’s insecurities in the same way that diet companies prey upon young women’s anxieties over beauty. While most young women wish they were thinner, most young men wish they were bigger, stronger, faster. So if an MMA fighter like Conor McGregor has “MONSTER” plastered across his cap, they will go out and buy a can.

And boy, oh, boy, are they are buying.

Despite Health Risks, Energy Drink Profits Hit $50 Billion Mark in 2014

While soda sales continue to flounder—in an October 2015 New York Times article, “The Decline of ‘Big Soda,’” Margot Sanger-Katz called plummeting soda consumption “the single largest change in the American diet in the last decade”—energy drink profits are soaring, hitting $49.9 billion (that’s billion, with a B) in 2014. American sales now total more than $12.5 billion alone, and, according to research firm Packaged Facts, that number will approach $20 billion by 2017.

Red Bull—the industry leader, available in 167 countries—sold 5.6 billion cans in 2014; Forbes ranks it the 76th Most Valuable Brand in the world. Monster—which Coca-Cola bought a 17% stake in last year—is sold in 114 countries, with a $2.5 billion revenue and a stock that has outperformed PepsiCo, Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, and yes, Coca-Cola over the past five years. Rockstar had $821 million in U.S. sales in 2013, while 5-Hour Energy shots generated $725 million in 2015.

The numbers don’t lie: energy drink companies target young men with alarming efficiency—and with zero regard for their consumers’ well-being. They can’t see past the dollar signs in their eyes to the disturbing surge in emergency room visits, the heart palpitations, chest pain, anxiety, insomnia, kidney failure, and other severe side effects.

The irony, of course, is that young men guzzle energy drinks because they associate them with vigor, power, and athleticism. But in the end, these drinks only serve to weaken and even threaten their bodies’ performance.


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A Look Inside Three of NGIF’s Portfolio Companies

Four per cent of the world’s motor vehicles are currently fueled by natural gas and nearly all of those are smaller passenger cars in a select number of countries outside North America. Dramatically accelerating the pace of technology development and adoption of natural gas vehicles (NGV) across Canada and the globe is the end goal of a potentially ground-breaking initiative supported by the Natural Gas Innovation Fund (NGIF).

NGIF has invested $500,000 towards the development and testing of Vancouver-based Westport Fuel Systems’ high performance compressed natural gas (CNG) storage system, a revolutionary technology that will allow greater volumes of CNG to be stored on-board vehicles without impacting load or passenger space.

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

“What is probably not apparent to many North Americans are the countries around the world where NGV’s are much more commonplace,” explains Westport Executive Vice President Jim Arthurs. “One of the reasons they haven’t become as popular here are the cylinder CNG storage tanks, which take up a lot of room in the vehicles – and that reduces available space for loads in commercial vehicles or for passengers on the automotive side.”

“That’s why we became interested in technology that would remove those barriers for customers.”

Towards that end, Westport conformable CNG storage is intended to replace conventional composite cylinders – and those complex storage capacities they require – with multiple connected chambers in shapes that conform to other forms of energy storage such as liquid fuels or battery packs.

“With conformable storage technology, you can have for example flat panel storage that covers the floor in the rear of some vehicles, or panels on the roof in other types of vehicles,” said Arthurs.

Westport is working with original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and automotive manufacturing partners to produce the potential breakthrough in a technology that can store up to 35 per cent more CNG than traditional cylinders.

The timing couldn’t be better. With many in the transportation sector facing new greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations – and the majority of trucks still running on diesel – there are unprecedented opportunities for gaseous-fuel product solutions powered by natural gas, renewable natural gas, and hydrogen.

The substitution of natural gas for petroleum-based fuels drives a reduction in harmful combustion emissions such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and GHG’s in addition to the economic benefits of a low-cost and abundant fuel.

Westport logo

Westport Fuel Systems is a Canadian company with a massive global outreach. Teams in Vancouver, Calgary and Cambridge, Ontario – with additional offices in Italy, the Netherlands and Argentina – are all helping lead the transition to emission reductions by designing next-generation alternative fuel engine and vehicle technologies that offer significant environmental benefits.

In Sweden, Belgium and Luxembourg, for example, Volvo passenger station wagons running on CNG/biomethane with a four-cylinder engine designed by Westport are being used extensively in Taxi and company car fleets.

Additionally, the company has spread its wings in India and signed an additional agreement in China, where it has been operating a successful joint venture since 2008.

In 2018, Westport entered into a development and supply agreement with India-based automaker Tata Motors Ltd. for four-cylinder and six-cylinder natural gas spark-ignited commercial vehicle engines – currently being certified in a country where emissions have been historically amongst the highest in the world.

Also last year, Westport signed a development and supply agreement with China’s Weichai Westport Inc. to develop, market, and commercialize a heavy-duty, natural gas engine featuring Westport’s proprietary high pressure direct injection (HPDI 2.0TM) technology.

The company has won major awards for its environmental leadership, including national recognition as Export Development Canada’s Clean Technology Export Stars in 2018.

Net-zero energy homes supported by NGIF

With consumers starting to have more options in the transportation segment of the market, an Edmonton-based custom home builder has meanwhile proven that a net-zero energy producing home using natural gas combined heat and power is possible for customers in a northern climate.

Effect Home Builders first built a custom home as a trial project in the suburb of Belgravia, in Edmonton back in 2012, with the structure unexpectedly generating a surplus of energy.

Using a combination of passive solar design – a way to capture energy with a south-facing wall, lots of windows and a concrete floor – a highly insulated air-tight building, and a solar-electric system, the home generated enough energy for the home’s consumption as well as feeding net-excess energy back into the grid for neighbours to use.

The two solar systems produced the energy required for the home, with the solar-electric system also generating a surplus of 14,000 kWh in almost four years. That saved 44,000 kg of CO2 emissions from Alberta’s electricity generators.

The Canadian Home Builders Association (CHBA) selected the Belgravia residence constructed by Effect Homes as the National and Provincial winner of the Green Home Award.

“Effect Home Builders first built a custom home as a trial project in the suburb of Belgravia, in Edmonton back in 2012, with the structure unexpectedly generating a surplus of energy.”

“With this home and others we have subsequently built, electricity is harvested in the summer, and that goes back into the electrical grid for a credit,” explains Dale Rott, one of the company’s three managing partners. “Then you draw from the grid in the winter with the credits intended to even out over the year.”

The company now builds six to 10 customized energy-saving homes per year in the Edmonton area, an accomplishment that NGIF partners noted and rewarded with a grant for the energy-conscious group.

“With the NGIF grant, we built a combined solar and heat/power unit in our office building, essentially taking a 2,000 square foot building and transforming it into a deep energy retrofit,” Rott said. “We show the building to anyone who wants to see it as a new concept in the commercial industry.”

The Effect Home Builders office space – an 1940’s era two story home – was retrofitted using clean technologies and natural gas together to create a net zero office space disconnected from the electrical grid, with lower costs, and lower GHG emissions.

“Our real message here is that the public can be part of the solution to lower greenhouse gas emissions.”

Turning waste biogas into clean energy

And back on the West Coast, a Canadian clean technology company called Quadrogen Power Systems caught the eyes of NGIF partners.

Quadrogen builds customized biogas clean-up systems that allow wastewater treatment plants, landfills, agricultural digesters and power generation facilities to turn waste biogas into clean energy, including renewable natural gas (RNG) for use by existing customers.

Quadrogen’s Integrated Biogas Clean-up 300 System (IBCS) purifies biogas from a variety of sources – including those with challenging constituent gases and contaminants, such as landfills. The renewable energy turns into a clean product that becomes usable as heat/electricity, biomethane, CO2 for greenhouses/hydroponics, and/or hydrogen.

“In the case of biomethane or renewable natural gas – the clean and upgraded fuel can be injected right into a natural gas distribution system,” explains Alakh Prasad, one of Quadrogen’s executive leaders.

From its very first pilot project at a California Orange County Waste Water Treatment Plant – where the integrated system did its job supplying clean energy to a 300kw fuel cell – the 12 year-old company is expanding with offices in Canada, the United States, and India where the units are built.

Orders are coming in from around the world, for example in China, across parts of Europe and into Thailand.

The company was previously selected by Corporate Knights as one of the most promising tech clean-up companies in Canada. NGIF funding is assisting Quadrogen in the pilot-scale demonstration of its proprietary C3P gas clean-up technology.

NGIF was created by the Canadian Gas Association in 2016 to fill what was a technology development gap in the sector and ensure the industry remained competitive with innovations happening elsewhere, such as in the renewable energy sector.

Dennis Lanthier is an award-winning writer and corporate communications specialist with almost two decades of experience in oil and gas. He earned an International Association of Business Communicator’s Gold Quill in 2011 for the creation of a magazine distributed to TransCanada Pipeline’s employees and retirees. Dennis is now a freelance writer working with several oil and gas associations in the energy sector.


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English to Gujarati Meaning :: replete

ભરપૂર, ભરેલું, પરિપૂર્ણ
Replete :
- ભરપૂરrepletedrepletenessrepletesrepleting

Show English Meaning

Verb(1) fill to satisfaction
Adjective(1) filled to satisfaction with food or drink(2) (followed by `with'

Show Examples

(1) All come replete with the usual back-of-an-envelope plots, cheap-and-nasty special effects and Arkoff and Nicholson's secret weapon: teenagers.(2) We went out to take some photographs in a marble courtyard replete with shrubbery and elephantine urns where uninterested figures dined al fresco.(3) The show is replete with simple, haunting images, and an evocative score pervades the physical action.(4) What's documented here is that personal warfare, replete with bursting explosions and a splattering of machine-gun notes.(5) How greatly his painting changed in Venice, replete with the pictures of Titian and Tintoretto, may be seen on entering the National Gallery exhibition, which starts with two of his Cretan icons.(6) While this book reflects a fascination with how things work, it also is a memoir, replete with subjective, idiosyncratic and deeply nostalgic associations.(7) Fry's music is replete with opportunities for first-chair musicians, even down to the double-bassist, to show their wares, and the Scottish musicians respond without condescension.(8) This at least provided welcome income for a gaggle of fading celebrities to promote, replete with numerous amusing errors, their own favourite historical characters along with their own careers.(9) Her palette grew more complex and sophisticated - replete with lavenders, juicy oranges, translucent celadons, glowing viridians, wine reds and a range of blues from deep ultramarine to pale sky.(10) The same rock solid gameplay, replete with superb control and surprisingly deep levels, is back.(11) The history of art and particularly photography is replete with individuals who have found success in a style or subject matter from which they rarely varied.(12) New York politics is replete with ironies, but perhaps the choicest in the past decade was the crusade to teach the city good manners waged by a mayor who was virtually incapable of practicing them himself.(13) The 12 inch came replete with a four track CD that screamed ├ö├ç├┐SHARE ME├ö├ç├û.(14) I couldn't really figure out what Kevin did, besides drive some cars and get tied up at Stifler's impromptu bachelor party, replete with strippers and the bride's parents bursting in.(15) The combination of the flood of people hitting the pit, and the absence of a barrier, resulted in an insane dance floor, replete with gratuitous crowd surfing and lost brain cells aplenty.(16) Zelenka's music is always very pleasant and one must take particular notice of his exquisite ├ö├ç├┐Salve Regina├ö├ç├û, a truly exquisite work that is brimful and replete with melodies and fugal counterpoint.
Related Words
1. well-fed ::
સારી રીતે મેળવાય
3. full ::
4. instinct ::
5. fill ::
1. lean ::
2. slender ::
3. slim ::
4. spare ::
5. thin ::
Different Forms
replete, repleted, repleteness, repletes, repleting
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text:
English to Marathi Meaning :: admonitory

Admonitory :
- उपदेशपर

Show English Meaning

Adjective(1) serving to warn(2) expressing reproof or reproach especially as a corrective

Show Examples

(1) The report's tone is admonitory , its assertions sweeping.(2) Her words were admonitory , but there was a smile in her voice and a laugh in her eyes.(3) Sandra Gilbert, past president of the MLA, is both funny and wisely admonitory .(4) The discourses of Jesus on the subject appear to be admonitory rather than predictive.(5) Whether or not this little tale is true, it does pack an admonitory sting in its tale.(6) ‘Ah, ah, ah,’ Vic said, shaking an admonitory finger at him.(7) Em asked curiously, not at all affected by his admonitory expression.(8) But I suspect other biographers write about lives they consider to be exemplary or admonitory .(9) His commentary is inevitably wise and slightly admonitory in tone, as if he cannot bear a mistake he picks out of a fighter's performance: ‘He carried his right hand too low and he's going to suffer for it.’(10) And after the trauma of so many admonitory sermons on the sins of his late father, he never thereafter regarded Scottish Presbyterianism as a fit religion for a gentleman.(11) But when you ask for it back, don't be surprised to get an admonitory finger-wagging about being over-fixated on money and wealth, when you really should be thinking more about wellbeing and the work-life balance.(12) Venner was only slightly less admonitory .(13) ‘I'll laugh when that thing stops in the middle of the road in the rain,’ I joked in an admonitory tone.(14) But you can't really tell the animal off; it's in a cat's nature after all, and they wouldn't understand an admonitory tap on the nose.(15) Slate has picked it up, and I read also (some months after the fact) the admonitory article in the Chronicle on this subject some months ago.(16) Junichi watched as Murasaki chided her master with a grim expression on her face and her tone was gently admonitory .
2. admonishing ::
English to Marathi Dictionary: admonitory

Meaning and definitions of admonitory, translation in Marathi language for admonitory with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of admonitory in Marathi and in English language.

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सूचना, परिपत्रक, जाहिरात, बिल, संदर्भ, उल्लेख, अप्रत्यक्ष उल्लेख, खबरदारी, उदाहरणार्थ, संवाद, निरीक्षण, पाहणे, , घोषणा, आक्रोश, अस्तित्वात आल्यानंतर, लक्ष, संबंधित, सावध, मनसूचना, देखणे, नोंद घ्या, शेरा, चिन्ह, डोळा, उल्लेख, पहा, टीप, ध्वनित करणे, बोलू, च्या कडे पहा, दृश्यमान, पारखणे, नवीन शोध लावणे, बाहेर विचार, पाहा, दृश्य, आकलन, आता, काळजी, खात्यात घेणे, स्वीकार, वंशात कायम, जाहीर, वाटणे, , प्रकाशित, समस्या, उपस्थित, सावध, लक्ष ठेवणेसूचना, सांगा, घोषणा, माहिती देणे, संवाद, सूचित, आरंभ, , उद्घाटन, सुरवात, प्रतिष्ठापना
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English to Nepali Meaning :: conceivable

Conceivable :
- कल्पना

Show English Meaning

Adjective(1) capable of being imagined

Show Examples

(1) The pictures covered every conceivable subject and were a credit to those who painted them.(2) Then it is argued that what is imaginable or conceivable is metaphysically possible.(3) Yet Brayton clung to them as long as any conceivable argument could be made for them.(4) Cars, credit cards and every other conceivable product are today being aimed at women.(5) Isn't it conceivable he could be almost to Chicago by now, or at least well out of this area?(6) She was mentally running through every conceivable reason for her daughter not to make contact.(7) This technology involves 20 cameras filming every home game from every conceivable angle.(8) It is conceivable that the story of our imaginary graduate student might end more happily.(9) It makes sense to enquire as energetically as possible into the greatest conceivable truth.(10) It's also quite conceivable that he may be in the process of destroying them right now.(11) No conceivable counter-measures effort could possibly have achieved more.(12) In the meantime, be sure to cover any opinions presented here from all conceivable angles.(13) What is it, that causes us to pat our own back on every conceivable occasion?(14) There would not be enough room on any conceivable vessel to hold enough specimens of all the species.(15) It is conceivable that we will find ourselves going to the polls again to redefine our citizenship.(16) It is conceivable that such a day could come, but it is certainly not on the horizon now.
1. imaginable ::
2. possible ::
3. plausible ::
4. tenable ::
5. credible ::
6. believable ::
विश्वास गर्न सकिने
7. thinkable ::
8. feasible ::
10. comprehensible ::
Different Forms
English to Nepali Dictionary: conceivable

Meaning and definitions of conceivable, translation in Nepali language for conceivable with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of conceivable in Nepali and in English language.

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● Hinterland
, पृष्ठभूमि, पछिल्लो
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English to Welsh Meaning :: unique

Unique :
- unigrywunigrywunigrywiaeth

Show English Meaning

Adjective(1) radically distinctive and without equal(2) (followed by `to'(3) the single one of its kind(4) highly unusual or rare but not the single instance

Show Examples

(1) This will be a unique opportunity to see this fascinating film and its first screening in Britain.(2) I have to admit that this is not my scene, but this tradition certainly adds something unique to the English scene.(3) It is a unique opportunity to improve the lives of millions of poor people around the world.(4) their kitchen is unique(5) this is a unique habitat(6) We also now present an ideal and unique sponsorship opportunity for European brands.(7) For example, it had a radical and unique design which could have deterred some car buyers in the medium car sector.(8) His logic is still unique , but unlike his huge stage, his canvas hasn't broadened.(9) This is a unique opportunity to get hands on experience of museum work.(10) Her record of events offers a unique insight into one woman's war - on the Home Front.(11) In keeping with their unique sound, the recording process is also unusual.(12) I thought it was the right opportunity to observe a unique jungle drama and record it on film.(13) It would mark appropriate respect for a remarkable individual if his colours remained unique .(14) This last was a speciality of his, to which he brought unique and profound insights.(15) This is a truly unique opportunity to see and hear one of the real innovators of the blues.(16) this style is unique to Cork
Related Words
(1) unique identifier ::
dynodwr unigryw
1. distinctive ::
2. remarkable ::
3. peculiar ::
4. singular ::
5. unequaled ::
1. general ::
2. generic ::
3. popular ::
4. public ::
5. universal ::
Different Forms
unique, uniquely, uniqueness
English to Welsh Dictionary: unique

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● Tarnish
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Peace Possible Only Through End of Palestine’s Occupation - Iran

Peace Possible Only Through End of Palestine’s Occupation - Iran
folder_openPalestine access_timeone year ago
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By Staff, Agencies

Iran censured the Zionist entity’s "criminal" actions and the illogical and unlawful US support for the regime, saying the continuation of resistance until full liberation of Palestine would play a leading role in the establishment of "lasting" peace in the Middle East.

Iran's Foreign Ministry issued a statement on Friday on the occasion of the Palestinian Land Day, an annual event to mark the killing of six Palestinians by ‘Israeli’ occupation forces during mass protests against the Zionist regime’s seizure of their land in 1976.

In late March 1976, Zionist troops killed six Palestinians, wounded 100 others and detained hundreds more who had held peaceful demonstrations against the ‘Israeli’ confiscation of 21,000 dunams of their land. Palestinians, both at home and overseas, have been marking the event known as the Land Day with rallies and remembrance ever since.

"The Islamic Republic of Iran believes that the establishment of sustainable and fair peace in the region will only be possible through the continuation of resistance until complete end of Palestine's occupation, the return of all [Palestinian] refugees to their homeland, determination of Palestine's next system based on [holding] a referendum in the presence of all its main residents and finally the formation of a united Palestinian government with East al-Quds as its capital," the statement said.

It added that the US government's moves in violation of the United Nations Security Council and its support for the occupation regime, which was against international law, prove "futility of efforts by some Arab countries in the region to normalize ties" with the Tel Aviv regime.

The US measures also show that "overt and covert efforts to establish relations with this regime cannot help restore the Palestinians' rights and end the occupation of Arab-Islamic lands," it said.


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Dictionary Search:

Alloys : Inconel

Inconel refers to a family of high-performance alloys (or superalloys) where nickel and chromium are the two primary metals. There are many variations of Inconcel, all with high strength and high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance. Because of it's characteristics, Inconel is very difficult to machine and shape. Due to it's high level of corrosion resistance, Inconel is a popular alloy in marine applications. The term Inconel is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation.

 Suppliers of Alloys : Inconel


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Toronto - Bay St. and Gerrard St.

Location Details for Downtown Toronto Bay & Gerrard

Renting a Car at Downtown Toronto Bay & Gerrard

Toronto - Bay St. and Gerrard St.

Toronto Car Rental

Check rates and reserve your next car rental from Enterprise Rent-A-Car in Canada. Rental car classes include economy, fullsize, luxury, minivans, SUVs, pickup trucks, cargo vans and more.

Areas Serviced/Attractions

Yonge, Bloor, Yorkville, Queens Park, Rosedale, Gerrard, Bay, Spadina, University, Jarvis, St. Clair, College, Charles, Wellesley, Carlton, Dundas, Queen, Annex.

Places of Interest

Queens Park, ROM, Bata Shoe Museum,Manulife Center, Yonge Station, AGO, Bay Station, Spadina Station, Casa Loma, Church-Wellesley Village, Osgoode Station, Campbell House, City Hall, Eaton Centre, Dundas Square, Queen Station, Massey Hall.


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This Chinese Distillery Is Bringing the Most Consumed Spirit on the Planet to America

How the founders of Ming River Baijiu are attempting to launch an entirely new alcohol category in the United States.

How to Make 7 Awesome Holiday Cocktails (Video)

Watch master mixologist Pam Wiznitzer sling drinks at the 'Entrepreneur' office party.

17 Best Holiday Cocktails to Take Your Office Party to the Next Level

'Tis the season to toast a year of hard work.

This Entrepreneur Went From Graduating West Point to Setting Up a Cocktail School

Liquor Lab founder Owen Meyer discusses launching and growing the business and how to make a delicious cocktail.

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Silky Tour Dates

Runner up for just about every award going, including BBC New Comedy Award, and organiser of Kill For A Seat comedy nights.

'Supremely talented musical comedian’ (

'Rarely on TV, occasionally on radio. The title is unrelated. It just made me laugh' (Three Weeks)

'Your funny best friend, only funnier’ (The Herald)

'Honest, heartfelt, slickly delivered, irresistible and, yes, occasionally disturbing stand-up...Relatable, warm and crucially very funny' List

'Equally at home as a compere or main act, Silky has consistently proved himself one of the best and most reliable performers around. Highly recommended' (Leeds Guide)

'Considered and clever: excellent timing and dry delivery revealed a comic at the top of his game' (352 Magazine Luxembourg)

'Always brilliant’ (Metro)

'... a very, very funny fella... just brilliant' (John Bishop)

'... Silky whose irresistible stage persona combines angriness with silliness. He has a mastery of the descriptive phrase and his mix of self-deprecating wit, music and gently quirky material brings audiences together in tears of laughter (Funhouse Comedy).

Official website


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Hi, I'm Erin

I write novels for young readers, working out of a garden shed in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.  (I'm actually from Omaha, Nebraska, but sadly I blew it up in one of my books. Oops.)

I have five novels, two books of poetry, and a fistful of awards, including the Governor General's Award for young people's literature, the CBC Canadian Literature Award for poetry, the TD Award for "most distinguished book of children's fiction" and the Canadian Library Association Book of the Year award for young adult books.

reach me at erin@erinbow.com

GUYS my beloved first middle-grade novel STAND ON THE SKY   has actually won the Governor General's Award, the GG --  Canada's oldest, most visible, most prestigious award.  I am thunderstruck!

STAND ON THE SKY is about a girl who must overcome odds and expectations to save the life of an orphaned baby eagle -- and earn a place among Mongolia's famous eagle hunters.  If she succeeds, she just might also be able to save her brother.

HMH Children's Books in the States and Scholastic Canada in Canada..

STAND ON THE SKY is the book previously known as secret book five.   Right now I'm writing two fabulous new books, secret books seven and eight, about which I can tell you NOTHING.

I'm booking school visits for next January

Check out the blog for more.
Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, or FB: @erinbowbooks


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SculpSure Advantages Over CoolSculpting

There are two fat reduction treatments that people can choose to permanently remove fat without surgery.  Both have successful outcomes and high patient satisfaction. At Eros Beauty and Wellness we have chosen to offer SculpSure. Here is the reason for our decision.

CoolSculpting vs. SculpSure

Coolsculpting employs a process called Cryolypolysis to freeze fat cells. The treated area is suctioned into a device that freezes the skin, nerves and fat cells indiscriminately. The area is held in place for 1 hour.

After the treatment the area is massaged vigorously. Activities are limited for 1 to 2 weeks due to swelling, numbness, tingling and pain. During the process nerves are often irritated, causing pain. In some cases, the nerve damage can be permanent.

The fat cells are destroyed and expelled by the natural process of the body. Furthermore, the treated area may appear uneven. The applicator suctions the pinchable fat, leaving a divot where the applicator was placed.

SculpSure uses advanced laser technology that targets fat cells exclusively, leaving skin and nerves untouched.  There are 4 applicators that are placed on the area to be treated.  Because it does not require pinchable fat, even a small amount of fat can be treated. The patient will feel a warm to deep warming sensation, followed by a cooling sensation.  Treatments are only 25 minutes long and can remove up to 24% of the fat in that treatment.

There is no downtime. Patients can resume regular activities after the 25 minute treatment.  This includes returning to regular exercise routine the following day. There can be discomfort and in the most severe cases it is treated with Tylenol.  There have not been any permanent adverse effects.

Choosing SculpSure

Using SculpSure allows Dr. Eros to target multiple fatty areas for safe body contouring treatment simultaneously. SculpSure is FDA approved to treat the abdomen, flanks, legs, back, and arms.

At Eros Beauty and Wellness we want to offer you the most cost efficient and successful treatments. To learn more about SculpSure, schedule a consultation with Dr. Eros at Eros Health and Beauty in San Diego. We will explain in detail and show you the results of satisfied patients who have chosen SculpSure. Contact us today and get on the path to melting that fat away in less than an hour.


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Those are the highest quality glass seed beads

All of our bracelets are designed by Kim, our home designer and the spirit behind Eskimoss.

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LIVE Transfer Talk: PSG ready £35m bid for Arsenal's Aubameyang

With the likely loss of Edinson Cavani and Mauro Icardi, PSG are eyeing Arsenal's Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang. Transfer Talk has the latest.

David Price/Arsenal FC via Getty Images

Laurens has doubts about Lacazette-Partey swap deal

Julien Laurens thinks it will be difficult for a swap deal including Alexandre Lacazette and Thomas Partey.

Why Joshua Zirkzee should stay at Bayern

Could Sane remain at Man City past this summer?

Mark Ogden analyses Leroy Sane's situation at Manchester City and whether a move to Bayern Munich is possible.

Laurens: Haaland to PSG would only happen with 'big ifs'

MLS vs. Liga MX will be 'the best' All-Star Game when played

Bedoya: MLS tournament would be 'luxurious prison' for players

McKennie responds to USMNT critics, dismisses identity criticism

RSL's Nedum Onuoha against MLS Orlando tournament

Living in a stadium: Malaga's groundskeeper hopeful that soccer soon returns to his unique home

Soccer fans are isolating in their homes but what about when your home is inside a soccer stadium? That's life for Andres and Andy Perales.

Sid Lowe / Courtesy of Andres Perales and the Perales family

How the final La Liga table could be decided

If La Liga cannot be finished then clubs will have to get creative. Could a points-per-game model be used?

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    The world has come to a standstill, so we compiled 10 shows and documentaries that will scratch your soccer itch while in isolation.

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    In 25 seasons since the league began, MLS has come a long way. We reflect upon the its early days with those who were there.

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    Bill Barnwell's rank of the best moves since the league's launch features legends like Cristiano Ronaldo, Frank Lampard and Thierry Henry.

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    Imagine not one unseen Picasso, but an entire exhibition. Meet Sattawat Sethakorn and his potentially million-dollar collection of memorabilia.

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In Praise of Blue Jeans, Born on This Day in 1873

Levi Strauss would be proud.
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The shirt, the hat, the shoes, the shades. No matter what we're wearing, they look fine with everything. But if it wasn't for Jacob Davis, the tailor from Reno, Nevada, who teamed with Levi Strauss to create riveted-for-strength workwear made of true blue denim, we may never have had them.

It was on this day, May 20, 1873, that the U.S. Patent and Trademark office granted patent #139,121 to Levi Strauss & Co. and Jacob Davis for their invention. The blue jean was originally known as XX, then later evolved into 501, due to the product's lot number.

Years later, a man named Henry David Lee introduced the first zipper fly, just as Strauss was deleting the crotch rivet. Back pocket rivets were the next feature to go, and by the '50s Hollywood legends like Marlon Brando, who famously wore them in On the Waterfront, were making them fashionable.

We've seen jeans on all kinds of men, from sensual singers to Marlboro cowboys. And they look great on everyone, because they're original. Whoever wears them makes them their own. Just like Levi intended.

MoviepixGetty Images

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Stars and planets, and notions and murmurs, in the domed darkness.
IMAGE Tim Serrano

I AM SITTING IN THE DARKNESS of the Planetarium, alone. I am ten.

This cannot be a memory. The Planetarium only plays to crowds, usually crowds of uninterested schoolchildren, sticky with sweat and noisy with exposure to the world outside their usual walls. Its stars and planets wheel for nothing less, and rarely anything more.

I’m waiting for the program to begin. It seems to be taking a long time. I can hear myself breathing. I shift my weight in my seat, stretch my neck by looking to the left and then to the right. I try to tilt my head so I can look straight up but I am too short; the seat’s back is in my way. I can barely make out the shapes of the other seat-backs, empty, all around me. I am not uncomfortable. I wonder if my grandmother knows where I am. I hope she is not worried.

I am outside, in the hallway with the exhibits. I don’t remember leaving my seat in the dark theater. The hallway seems too bright. When my eyes adjust, I see a young man and a young woman outside the dome’s doors, just about to enter. They are laughing; the woman is pretty, with dark wavy hair. She has never been to the Planetarium, never seen the show. She was sick the day all her classmates went, years ago. He has rented the entire place for them on a Saturday, so they can watch simulated night skies and a galaxy turning, and hold hands and talk in hushed voices in the dark. They enter and I do not follow them.

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It is raining outside. I can smell the rain from here.

I am standing in front of the great machine that casts the images on the roof of the Planetarium. It looks much like it does in the pictures. It occurs to me that there are machines whose purpose you can divine right away just from looking at them, even if they are motionless: bulldozers, cranes—you can infer actions like lifting, crushing, piercing. Then there are machines like this, forged with some mystery to their metal. My ten-year-old mind imagines a catapult, a death ray, a starship engine. What could I not do, I wonder, with a machine such as this.

I am on the steps outside leading up into the Planetarium. I can see the street from here, the cars passing by. It is a sunny day. The plants outside radiate a sharp green, almost painful to the eye. I am sitting on the steps next to an old man who is wearing clothing that resembles pajamas, in an unfamiliar material that is very light yet sturdy. I ask him if he is going inside to watch. He says that he is nearly blind and that there would not be much point. He has been going blind for decades. The doctors with their lasers and scalpels and medicines only ever took more of his sight and made him poorer. He sits on these steps and wonders why he is alive.

You can still go in, I say. You can listen. He turns his nearly-blind eyes in my direction. He smiles in a way that opens trapdoors of sadness inside me. There is something about him that reminds me of my grandmother. I think she had the same smile before she died.

Inside the building, there are pamphlets briefly outlining the history of astronomy. There are charts of the constellations. There is a rock from the moon.

I have forgotten the title of the big hardbound book my grandmother gave me. It was about the constellations and the stories behind them. I do remember that night when I clambered up on the trunk of our family car, recoiling a little as the cold metal met my hands and my knees. I remember sitting on the trunk, resting my back on the glass of the rear windshield, and looking up at the sky. The stars seemed vague, insubstantial, little more than bright dust trailed by something unspeakably more marvelous that might have passed through our galaxy on its way elsewhere. My gaze flicked from dot to twinkling dot, as I tried to see the connections, and trace the imaginary lines that would reveal gods, heroes, monsters. I could find nothing, not even the constellations that my book told me were the easiest to discern.

Inside the domed room, I can hear the man and the woman murmuring in the dark. I cannot make out the words exactly, but I can tell they are happy to be here, together. It is like over-hearing a language I once knew, or will know someday, like how I imagine I will one day understand Japanese just from all the cartoons that I watch.

I am standing beside the counter where the tickets are dispensed. It occurs to me that I can flee. I cannot tell what is outside, whether sun or rain awaits me, or how I might get home. I do not know if classrooms or libraries or comic book shops are out there, or if I can reach the room where I sleep. Somewhere there might be a TV with my favorite shows. I can cross the street. I can just keep crossing streets. But everything outside this building is uncertain.

I remember a riddle my grandmother taught me. Walang puno, walang ugat, hitik ng bulaklak. No tree, no roots: these millions of flowers. What does it mean, Lola? She answered me by pointing up at the night sky.

One of the posters in the hallway says: “The GM-15 Goto Planetarium Projector was acquired through the Japanese Reparation Program in the Philippines. Through the years, improvements have been made in the Planetarium building through the efforts of its former Directors. In May 2010, funds were approved for the major repair of the Planetarium Projector which is considered to be the heart and soul of the Planetarium.”

With the great machine, I can give the old man his sight back, better than before. I can make sure that the young man and young woman make each other happy for always. I can revive my grandmother, and she can accompany me to the British library, and use her card to let me borrow the books that I want. I can bring everything back; I can make sure nothing is lost.

I am sitting in the darkness. A voice is speaking. Is it live? Is it recorded? Is it somebody’s job to read the same words, again and again, day after day, making adjustments only when new discoveries come along, so few and far between? I listen for mistakes, for a slip, for a cough. The voice tells me that we are about to see what the night sky of centuries ago looked like. Lights appear one by one in the darkness of the dome.

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Luis Katigbak
Luis Katigbak was a fictionist and editor. He served as the associate editor for Esquire Philippines.
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$58.00 $3.00

This is a thoroughly updated and expanded 4th edition of the classic text Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations by Dominic Jordan and Peter Smith. Including numerous worked examples and diagrams, further exercises have been incorporated into the text and answers are provided at the back of the book. Topics include phase plane analysis, nonlinear damping, small parameter expansions and singular perturbations, stability, Liapunov methods, Poincare sequences, homoclinic bifurcation and Liapunov exponents. Over 500 end-of-chapter problems


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