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Criminal Proceedings:

     This page is continued from Getting Started >>>> Criminal Law Self-Help >>>> Judicial Proceedings:

Stages of a Criminal Case:

     Criminal prosecution develops in a series of stages, beginning with an arrest and ending at a point before, during or after trial. [1]  This page is carefully organized to give the beginner and the expert a step-by-step walkthrough for each stage of a criminal prosecution (not be confused with a civil proceeding); although this walkthough is particular to federal cases, and integrates the Federal Rules of Procedure throughout it, this walkthrough is also applicable to state cases and Indian Country cases as wellIf this is your first time to this site, be sure to read the Getting Started  and the Criminal Law Self-Help sections of the site first

     This walkthrough begins with definitions for the terms “criminal proceeding” and “criminal prosecution,” followed by descriptions for each stage of the proceedings: the 1. Arrest, and Search and Seizure, 2. Bail, 3. Arraignment, 4. Preliminary Hearing or Grand Jury Proceedings, 5. Pretrial Motions, 6. Trial, 7. Sentencing, and 8. Appeal.

criminal proceeding:
(often plural) (16c)

1. A judicial hearing, session, or prosecution in which a court adjudicates whether a person has committed a crime or, having already fixed guilt, decides on the offender’s punishment; a criminal hearing or trial. [2]

1. A proceeding in court in the prosecution of a person charged or to be charged with the commission of a crime, contemplating the conviction and punishment of the person charged or to be charged. State ex rel. Sweezer v Green, 360  Mo1249, 232 SW2d 897, 24 ALR2d 340.

A proceeding against a juvenile offender is in no sense a criminal proceeding, where it does not contemplate punishment for an offense, but prevention of a an erring minor from becoming a criminal. State v Freeman, 81 Mont 132, 262 P 168, 171. [3]

1. Any phase or aspect of a criminal prosecution, or the prosecution as a whole. [4]

criminal prosecution:

1. a criminal proceeding in which an accused person is tried <the conspiracy trial involved the prosecution of seven defendants>. — aka prosecution. [2]

1. The use of the processes of the law to accuse or charge a person with the commission of a crime, to bring him before a court, to convict him of the offense, and to impose upon him such punishment as is provided by law for the offense.  Although sometimes instituted by an individual, a criminal prosecution is not in any sense an action between the person instituting it and the prisoner. Anno: 46 ALR 463.

A preliminary investigation is not a criminal prosecution within the Sixth Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Anno: 93 L Ed 992. [3]

1. The process of arresting, charging, trying, and sentencing a person for the commission of a crime.  A criminal sentence generally involves the imposition fo a fine, imprisonment, or death.  A criminal prosecution is brought by the state, as opposed to a civil action, which is brought by a  private party. [4]

     Only the government initiates a criminal case, usually through the U.S. attorney’s office, in coordination with a law enforcement agency.  Allegations of criminal behavior should be brought to the local police, the FBI, or another appropriate law enforcement agency. [5]

Stage One;
The Arrest:

     Criminal prosecution typically begins with an arrest by a police officer.  A police officer may arrest a person if

(1) the officer observes the person committing a crime;
(2) the officer has probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed by that person; or
(3) the officer makes the arrest under the authority of a valid arrest warrant (a “warranted arrest“).

     After the arrest, the police books the suspect. When the police complete the booking process, they place the suspect in custody.  If the suspect committed a minor offense, the police may issue a citation to the suspect with instructions to appear in court at a later date. [1]

The Fourth Amendment

probable cause for arrest – reasonable ground to suspect that a person has committed or is committing a crime or that a place contains specific items connected with a crime.

Various Types of Lawful Arrests:

warranted arrest – an arrest made under authority of a warrant.

  • arrest warrant – issued by a disinterested magistrate shown probable cause; directs a law-enforcement officer to arrest and take a person into custody.

warrantless arrest – a legal arrest, without a warrant, carried out by a peace officer or private citizen (“citizen’s arrest“), when there’s absolute certainty or probable cause the suspect committed a crime. — aka arrest without a warrant.

  • citizen’s arrest – may be done on grounds that (1) a public offense was committed in their presence, or (2) they have reasonable cause to believe the arrestee has committed a felony.

 Various Forms of Unlawful Arrests:

dragnet arrest – a sweeping arrest of people suspected of possible involvement in criminal activity or a civil disturbance. — aka round-up; wholesale arrest.

malicious arrest – causing an arrest by maliciously bringing a suit upon false charges, or maliciously making a false affidavit.

Search and Seizure:
Reasonable or Unreasonable?

stop-and-frisk – a police officer’s brief detention, questioning, and search of a person for a concealed weapon when they reasonably suspect the person committed or is about to commit a crime.

unreasonable search and seizure – the searching of one’s person, home, or vehicle, without probable cause, and without a warrant issued upon probable cause.

interrogation – formal, systematic, intensive questioning by the police, usually of a person arrested for or suspected of committing a crime.

Stage Two;

     If a suspect in police custody is granted bail, the suspect may pay the bail amount in exchange for a release. Release on bail is contingent on the suspect’s promise to appear at all scheduled court proceedings. Bail may be granted to a suspect immediately after booking or at a later bail review hearing. Alternatively, a suspect may be released on his “own recognizance.” A suspect released on his own recognizance need not post bail, but must promise in writing to appear at all scheduled court appearances. Own recognizance release is granted after the court considers the seriousness of the offense, and the suspect’s criminal record, threat to the community and ties to family and employment. [1]

bail – the process by which a person is released from custody on the condition they promise to appear in court for their scheduled appearance.

  • bail bond – a bond given to a court by a criminal defendant’s surety to guarantee the defendant will duly appear in court and, if the defendant is jailed, to obtain the defendant’s release from confinement.  Often used interchangeably with the term recognizance.

Stage Three;

     The suspect makes his first court appearance at the arraignment. During arraignment, the judge reads the charges filed against the defendant in the complaint and the defendant chooses to plead “guilty,” “not guilty” or “no contest” to those charges. The judge will also review the defendant’s bail and set dates for future proceedings.

     The majority of criminal cases terminate when a criminal defendant accepts a plea bargain offered by the prosecution.    In a plea bargain, the defendant chooses to plead guilty before trial to the charged offenses, or to lesser charges in exchange for a more lenient sentence or the dismissal of related charges. [1]

arraignment – the initial step in a criminal prosecution; the defendant is brought before the court to hear the charges and enter a plea.

  • plea colloquy – an open-court dialogue, usually just before the defendant enters a plea, where the judge ensures the defendant understands the consequences of the plea.

Various Types of Pleas:

guilty plea – the defendant’s formal admission in court of having committed the charged offense.

  • Alford plea – a guilty plea, entered as part of a plea bargain, while not admitting guilt. — aka (in New York) Serrano plea.
  • blind plea – a guilty plea made without the promise of a concession from the judge or prosecutor.

not guilty plea – denial of having committed the charged offense.

no contest – a plea by which the defendant does not contest or admit guilt. Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b). — aka nolo contendere.

plea affidavit – a sworn, notarized, written guilty plea to a misdemeanor, traffic violation, or other lesser offense, usually submitted in absentia.

plea bargain – a negotiated agreement between a prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty or no contest to one of multiple charges, usually in exchange for a more lenient sentence or dismissal of other charges. — aka plea agreement; negotiated plea; sentence bargain. — plea-bargain, vb. — plea-bargaining, n.

Stage Four;
Preliminary Hearing
Grand Jury Proceedings:

     The government generally brings criminal charges in one of two ways: by a “bill of information” secured by a preliminary hearing or by grand jury indictment. In the federal system, cases must be brought by indictment.  States, however, are free to use either process. Both preliminary hearings and grand juries are used to establish the existence of probable cause. If there is no finding of probable cause, a defendant will not be forced to stand trial.

     A preliminary hearing, or preliminary examination, is an adversarial proceeding in which counsel questions witnesses and both parties makes arguments.  The judge then makes the ultimate finding of probable cause.  The grand jury, on the other hand, hears only from the prosecutor.  The grand jury may call their own witnesses and request that further investigations be performed. The grand jury then decides whether sufficient evidence has been presented to indict the defendant. [1]

     At the beginning of a federal criminal case, the principal actors are the U.S. Attorney (the prosecutor) and the grand jury.  The U.S. Attorney represents the United States in most court proceedings, including all criminal prosecutions. The grand jury reviews evidence presented by the U.S. Attorney and decides whether it is sufficient to require a defendant to stand trial. [5]

preliminary hearing or grand jury proceeding – to determine whether or not there is probable cause.

  • probable cause – a reasonable amount of suspicions, supported by circumstances sufficiently strong to justify a prudent and cautious person’s belief that certain facts are probably true.
  • information – a complaint or affidavit, made by a prosecutor, alleging probable cause to suspect a crime, in order to bind a defendant over, to await action by the grand jury.
  • preliminary hearing – any number of “Probable Cause Hearings” to determine if there’s sufficient evidence to hold trial, or if any evidence ought be suppressed due to Fourth Amendment violation.
    • bailable offense – a criminal charge for which a defendant may be released from custody after providing proper security.

grand jury – usually 16 to 23 people who sit one month to a year in ex parte proceedings, to decide whether to issue an indictment.

  • indictment – a formal written accusation of a felony, made by a grand jury and presented to a court for prosecution against the accused person.

    • bill of indictment – an instrument containing a criminal charge, presented to a grand jury by a prosecutor, used by the jury to determine if there’s enough evidence to formally charge the accused with a crime.  After it is found and all the blanks are filled in, it is called an “indictment.”
    • true bill – an indorsement that a grand jury enters onto a bill of indictment when it indicts a criminal defendant; by writing “true bill” on the bill, the determination that a criminal charge should go before a petty jury for trial is officially indorsed by the grand jury. — aka billa vera.
    • no bill – an indorsement by a grand jury on a bill of indictment, indicating “not found” or “not a true bill”; the party is then discharged without further answer.  A grand jury may instead write “not found,” “not a true bill,” or “ignoramus” to indicate the same thing.

  • presentment – a written accusation returned by a grand jury on its own motion, without a prosecutor’s previous indictment request, which may be used by the prosecutor as the basis for a true bill or indictment.

Stage Five;
Pretrial Motions:

     Pretrial motions are brought by both the prosecution and the defense in order to resolve final issues and establish what evidence and testimony will be admissible at trial. [1]

pretrial discovery – conducted before trial to reveal documents and facts, develop evidence, and prevent parties from surprising each other at trial.

Stage Six;

     At trial, the judge or the jury will either find the defendant guilty or not guilty.  The prosecution bears the burden of proof in a criminal trial.  Thus, the prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crimes charged.  The defendant has a constitutional right to a jury trial in most criminal matters.  A jury or judge makes the final determination of guilt or innocence after listening to opening and closing statements, examination and cross-examination of witnesses and jury instructions.  If the jury fails to reach a unanimous verdict, the judge may declare a mistrial, and the case will either be dismissed or a new jury will be chosen. If a judge or jury finds the defendant guilty, the court will sentence the defendant. [1]

trial – wherein the judge or the jury will either find the defendant guilty or not guilty after hearing either side and cross-examination of witnesses; the prosecution bears the burden of proof.

  • opening statement – – each attorney previews of the case, the evidence to be presented, and the issue(s) at hand. aka opening argument; opening address.
  • closing statement – a final request to the fact-finder to consider the evidence and to apply the law in one’s favor; afterward (in a jury trial) the judge ordinarily instructs the jury on the law that governs the case. — aka closing argument.
  • guilt phase – the part of the criminal trial where the fact-finder determines if the defendant committed a crime.

Stage Seven;

     During the sentencing phase of a criminal case, the court determines the appropriate punishment for the convicted defendant. In determining a suitable sentence, the court will consider a number of factors, including the nature and severity of the crime, the defendant’s criminal history, the defendant’s personal circumstances and the degree of remorse felt by the defendant. [1]

allocution – a trial judge’s formal address to a convicted defendant, to ask if they wish to make a statement or present information that could potentially mitigate or cancel the sentence.allocutory, adj.

victim-impact statement – a statement read into the record during sentencing to inform the judge or jury of the financial, physical, and psychological impact of the crime on the victim and their family. — aka VIS.

victim allocution – a crime victim’s address to the court before sentencing, usually urging a harsher punishment.

penalty phase – in a criminal trial, where the fact-finder determines the punishment for a defendant who has been found guilty. — aka sentencing phase.

Stage Eight;

     An individual convicted of a crime may ask that his or her case be reviewed by a higher court. If that court finds an error in the case or the sentence imposed, the court may reverse the conviction or find that the case should be re-tried. [1]

Disclaimer: All material throughout this website is compiled in accordance with Fair Use.

[1]: Justia Criminal Law Stages of a Criminal Case:

[2]: Black’s Law Dictionary Deluxe Tenth Edition by Henry Campbell Black & Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner. ISBN: 978-0-314-62130-6

[3]: Ballantine’s Law Dictionary with Pronunciations
Third Edition
 by James A. Ballantine (James Arthur 1871-1949).  Edited by William S. Anderson.  © 1969 by THE LAWYER’S CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY.  Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-30931

[4]:  Ballantine’s Law Dictionary Legal Assistant Edition
by Jack Ballantine
(James Arthur 1871-1949).  Doctored by Jack G. Handler, J.D. © 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning.  ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.

[5]: United States Courts, “Criminal Cases”:

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Investigations LGBTQ

When Their Doctor Disappeared, Transgender Patients Scrambled to Find Care in Pence’s Indiana

Amy Littlefield

“I’m appearing calmer than I am. But on the inside, I’m freaking out. What if I can’t get my prescriptions renewed? What if I can’t find another doctor?”

On December 7, Lincoln Saldivar, 15, and his mother drove to his appointment with Dr. Christi Wallace in South Whitley, Indiana. Saldivar, who is transgender, was due to receive a testosterone injection and have his hormone-blocking insert replaced. Just days earlier, the office had called Saldivar’s mother, Kimberly Keener, to confirm the device had arrived.

But when they pulled into the parking lot, they found the lot empty, the lights off, and the door locked. There was no note to explain where Dr. Wallace had gone. Keener called the office; a representative told her Wallace no longer worked for Parkview Physicians Group, and referred her to another doctor in the network. When Keener explained to that new office that her son was on hormone therapy, the receptionist’s voice grew cold.

“We don’t do that here,” she said, according to Keener.

Keener called her husband, weeping, from the parking lot. She was terrified that Indiana, a state that became famous for attacks on LGBTQ people under former Gov. Mike Pence, had restricted access to hormone therapy. This wasn’t the case, but the ripple effect of Wallace’s disappearance highlights a national problem that goes beyond policy: the shortage of doctors trained and willing to care for transgender people, particularly in rural or right-wing areas, where patients frequently rely on informal networks and word-of-mouth to find care.

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“I’m appearing calmer than I am. But on the inside, I’m freaking out. What if I can’t get my prescriptions renewed? What if I can’t find another doctor?” Davina, a transgender woman and factory supervisor who was Dr. Wallace’s patient, told Rewire. She asked us not to use her last name.

The Trump administration last week made this picture immeasurably worse, moving to empower providers who turn away LGBTQ patients under the guise of religion, and opening avenues for harmful “conversion therapy” programs to receive federal funding. Even before the administration unveiled its new office to protect providers who reject trans people, finding a doctor could be daunting for these patients.

“In many communities, there could be one person … who is providing hormone therapy and the rest of the primary care for a lot of transgender people, and they may have people coming from 25 or 50 or 100 miles to see them,” Harper Jean Tobin, director of policy at the National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE), told Rewire.

For example, the Indiana Transgender Network, which collects recommendations from patients, lists Wallace as the only doctor within 50 miles of Fort Wayne, Indiana’s second-largest city. Beyond a single medical practice about 60 miles away in Goshen, the nearest options listed are 100 or more miles from the city. The Planned Parenthood health centers in Indiana do not yet offer transition-related services, although in some states these centers are key providers of such care.

This shortage is not because such treatment is unduly complex. For the most part, trans people require the same primary care as everyone else. For hormone therapy and other transition-related care, the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) provides standards of care and trainings.

“We really need to demystify what it means to provide trans competent care,” Cecilia Chung, senior director of strategic projects at the Transgender Law Center, told Rewire. “It’s really not rocket science.”

The landscape has shifted dramatically in recent years, but there is still a long way to go.

“It’s still a patchwork,” Jamison Green, immediate past president of WPATH, told Rewire. “We haven’t been able to educate doctors in a very uniform or consistent way.”

Indeed, many doctors lack even a basic understanding of what it means to be transgender. In an NCTE survey, a third of trans patients who had recently seen a health-care provider reported at least one negative experience related to their gender identity, including having to teach the provider about transgender people or being refused treatment. Patients of color and those with disabilities reported higher rates of negative experiences. About a quarter of trans patients had recently avoided seeing a doctor when they needed one, due to fear of mistreatment.

Facing these odds, transgender patients may go to great lengths to avoiding changing providers, even in urban or progressive areas with more options.

“We have patients who FLY here to be seen,” one provider in the Northeast wrote to Rewire, referring to trans people who moved out of state but still returned for health care.

When these providers vanish, it leaves transgender patients and their families “worried and scrambling,” Cristy, whose 13-year-old daughter is transgender, told Rewire in an email. Cristy asked us to withhold her last name to protect her daughter.

“Some of the message boards I’ve been on are quickly becoming mass hysteria,” Cristy wrote in the wake of Dr. Wallace’s disappearance. “Seriously. THAT is how difficult it can be to find a [doctor] who will treat the trans community—not just with respect and dignity, but with vital competent medical care.”

What Happened to Dr. Wallace?

A spokesperson told Rewire that Dr. Wallace left Parkview Physicians Group as of December 6, but would not say if she quit or was fired, or whether her departure was related to her treatment of transgender patients. Reached by email, Dr. Wallace’s husband said she was in the process of starting employment with a new hospital group and did not have permission to speak with Rewire.

The Human Rights Campaign, which rates health-care providers based on their policies and practices for LGBTQ patients and employees, gave Parkview Regional Medical Center, one of Parkview Health’s hospitals, a low rating: 20 out of 100. A local paper, the Journal Gazette, reported Parkview Health has refused to take a public stance on legislation to prevent anti-LGBTQ discrimination.

Parkview Health touts itself as the region’s largest employer.

“In this area, Parkview is everything,” Keener, who lives in Wabash, Indiana, told Rewire, adding that it seems like “everybody is on the Parkview network, so we have to go quite a ways to get out of the Parkview network.”

But of about 700 providers in the network, Wallace was the only one serving transgender patients, a spokesperson said last month.

“If a new provider has obtained specialized training or credentials in [transgender health] care, those are great added benefits but they don’t necessarily dictate who we identify to hire,” spokesperson Jessica Miller told Rewire.

Miller said Parkview “is really focused on meeting the needs of the communities that they serve, so primary care is obviously one of the driving factors” for hiring. But that mission apparently does not include the transgender population: Asked where Parkview is referring Wallace’s former trans patients, Miller sent Rewire a list of four WPATH members in Indiana. Only two of the people on the list were doctors, both in Indianapolis—which is 120 miles from Dr. Wallace’s office in South Whitley.

“Northeast Indiana is the most conservative part of the state, so it was really a godsend when we got somebody like Dr. Wallace in this part of the state who could provide services,” Marla Meier, a leader of the local chapter of PFLAG, an LGBTQ support group, told Rewire. “We’re all now scrambling, especially the ones with kids.”

Marla Meier, a leader of the local chapter of PFLAG, an LGBTQ support group. (Courtesy of Marla Meier)

Meier said she had learned of a local endocrinologist who would see adult patients.

“Her office is getting a flood of calls right now,” Meier said. “We all know each other in the community, so word spreads quickly about things like this.”

Parkview’s Miller acknowledged receptionists mistakenly referred several of Dr. Wallace’s patients—including Keener and Cristy—to a Parkview doctor who Miller said “is not certified to provide transgender care.” When Cristy called that office, she said the receptionist told her Parkview was no longer providing care for “transgenderism,” and refused to give her a referral.

“Going to have a cry now,” Cristy wrote to Rewire in an email.

“Waiting to Hear That There Was Somebody”

Cristy developed a strategy to shield her transgender daughter, Lauren, from rejection by therapists and medical providers. She would book an appointment for herself, then go to the office, alone, and broach the topic of her daughter’s care. Most providers were not outwardly hateful, but they knew little about caring for trans patients. The pediatrician whom Lauren had seen since she was born was willing to care for her, but not to offer transition-related care.

One doctor refused to see Lauren outright. “She did not want to accept my daughter as a patient whatsoever, [even] for a sore throat,” Cristy told Rewire in an interview.

Lauren, now 13, has always known that she was a girl.

“She used to fall asleep at night, just crying in panic .…Was she going to grow up and have a man face and grow a beard?” Cristy told Rewire in an interview.

“‘What am I going to do, Mommy?’” Lauren would ask. “I didn’t know everything then, but I’m like, ‘I think maybe we could find some medicine for you to take,’” Cristy said.

The summer before she started kindergarten, Lauren socially transitioned, meaning that she began using female pronouns and living as a girl, without any medical intervention. Immediately, Cristy said, her depression and anxiety vanished.

“When you have a suicidal 5 year old, it tends to make you listen,” Cristy wrote to Rewire in a follow-up email. “Receiving affirming medical care saves lives.”

Data support this conclusion. In the NCTE survey, 37 percent of trans people with supportive families had attempted suicide versus 54 percent of those with unsupportive families. (That didn’t stop the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, which issues directives that govern health care for one in six acute-care hospital beds nationwide, from publishing a letter last month that effectively encourages parents to reject their transgender children and to deny them access to gender-affirming care.)

Cristy didn’t just support Lauren; she became an expert on her care. She researched online and consulted other parents and psychiatrists. When she learned Lauren might eventually need reversible hormone blockers to delay puberty and give her more time to be sure of her transition, Cristy canvassed the region for a provider. She found a program in Chicago, but it was a two-hour drive from their home in Elkhart.

Then an offer of help came from an unexpected place: The midwife who had helped deliver Lauren, Katie Bast, was training to be a family medicine doctor in South Bend. She told Cristy that she would get the information she needed to help Lauren. Bast began consulting experts and attending conferences.

Cristy was used to educating providers, but soon, Bast was telling Cristy what Lauren needed.

“It was a huge weight off,” Cristy said.

After that, word spread fast.

“I was surprised at how many trans patients were just waiting to hear that there was somebody,” Bast told Rewire.

By the time she graduated residency in 2016, Bast had gone from one transgender patient to 80. Many of them were traveling two or three hours to see her.

A Place to Come for Care

About a week after she graduated residency, Katie Bast and her partner, Mixhi Marquis, opened Mosaic Health and Healing Arts in Goshen, Indiana—about 30 miles from South Bend—to give those patients a place for continued care. They believe it’s the first family medicine practice in the state to openly welcome LGBTQ people. Mosaic is a full-scope family practice that sees children, adults, and Amish psychiatric patients; Oaklawn, where Mosaic is located, is a mental health facility.

After Dr. Wallace’s unexpected disappearance, Mosaic received about 25 calls from her patients. Bast and Mosaic’s nurse practitioner, Erin Flynn, extended the center’s hours to accommodate those patients from the Fort Wayne area, about 60 miles away.

Other patients come from as far away as the Kentucky border, driving upwards of five hours.

Ollie Lidinsky-Smith, a transmasculine 23-year-old who lives in Bloomington, told Rewire the treatment he gets at Mosaic makes the 400-mile round trip worth it. He said he once tried to explain his identity to a doctor, who seemed not to understand and misgendered him. Mosaic providers used the correct pronouns and shared his joy as he began hormone therapy.

“It was great having a nurse and doctors who are respectful and celebratory of the process of starting on that journey,” Lidinsky-Smith said.

Bast fields calls from pharmacists confused about hormone therapy, writes letters to recommend gender-affirming surgery and name and gender marker changes, and advocates for coverage of transition-related care with insurance companies.

Nationwide, such coverage is an ongoing battle. A quarter of trans patients who sought coverage of hormone therapy in the year before the NCTE survey were denied. A third said there was at least one time in the past year when they needed to see a provider but did not, due to cost.

Mosaic offers a sliding pay scale for uninsured patients.

Rickie LeDuc attended support groups run by Bast and Marquis. (Courtesy Rickie LeDuc)

Marquis and Bast care for the whole patient, addressing spiritual and emotional health. They refer patients seeking religious community to LGBTQ-affirming pastors, including within the area’s sizable Mennonite and Brethren communities. Marquis practices Reiki, massage, and spiritual counseling. They also host support groups for transgender and nonbinary people. One of these groups meant everything to Rickie LeDuc, who began her transition during a roiling moment for LGBTQ rights in Indiana.

“It Was More About Survival Than Courage”

In March 2015, the state legislature passed a so-called religious freedom law that enabled people and businesses to discriminate against LGBTQ people under the guise of faith. Then-Gov. Pence signed the bill in a private ceremony, surrounded by anti-LGTBQ extremists, monks, and nuns. The move sparked nationwide protest, spurring condemnation from corporate leaders, and forcing Pence to sign a “fix” blunting the law’s discriminatory impact.

Pence’s approval ratings tanked in the aftermath; he may have lost his reelection bid if Trump hadn’t tapped him as running mate and plucked him from the wreckage.

Around the time the bill was introduced, LeDuc, who lives in the small town of Middlebury, in Amish country, had reached the point where transitioning felt like a question of survival.

“For me it was just kind of like a matter of life or death, even though it might have been more of an internal death, a slow prolonged death,” LeDuc told Rewire in an interview. “I think it was more about survival than courage, but it took some courage.”

LeDuc, who works as a forklift operator and sells three-dimensional models in the online virtual world Second Life, had tried to live openly as a woman when she was 25. After it became too difficult, she told herself she would transition by age 30. Then the years rolled by.

“Before you knew it, I was 40 years old and it was clear to me there was never going to be an easy time or the right time,” LeDuc, now 43, told Rewire. “I basically had to make a decision, right then and there: Either I have to accept that it’s never going to happen, and go on about my life and just deal with that, or I had to do something right now, today.”

So LeDuc called a therapist, who directed her to a support group run by Bast and Marquis in the back of a restaurant in downtown Goshen. It wasn’t an easy time to come out. The political moment fueled LeDuc’s anxiety. But at the meetings, she felt accepted and normal.

“Without that support system, I don’t think that I would have got off the ground at all,” LeDuc told Rewire. “I mean, it’s everything.”

Cristy describes Mosaic in similar terms.

“It means everything; it’s a lifeline,” she said. “It’s hard to explain to someone who doesn’t live here but—it’s Mike Pence’s Indiana.”

Cristy and her daughter moved to Fort Wayne a few years ago and started seeing Dr. Wallace. Unless Wallace reappears, Cristy will drive Lauren an hour and a half next month to Goshen—to visit Mosaic and the provider who, 13 years ago, helped bring Lauren into the world.

Bast is looking forward to the visit.

“Lauren has taught me an incredible amount and opened up the world to me,” Bast told Rewire. “Without Lauren I wouldn’t be doing trans care … Lauren was the first one to help me open up [and] see the world as more than binary.”

Things have come full circle, in a way. By treating trans patients like Lauren, Bast feels as if she has returned to her work as a midwife.

“What’s become clear to me is that I’m still doing midwifery, except I’m helping people give birth to themselves,” Bast said. “And that feels absolutely right to me.”

For more on Bast and Marquis, and a video tour of Mosaic, see our companion profile

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Victron SmartSolar 250V 100A MPPT Regulator

VN-SS-MPPT 250-100

Suits 12/24/36/48V Batteries, max 250V PV arrays, 100A battery charging, with Screw Terminals

Availability: In stock

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Solar charge controller

A solar charger gathers energy from your solar panels, and stores it in your batteries. Using the latest, fastest technology, SmartSolar maximises this energy-harvest, driving it intelligently to achieve full charge in the shortest possible time. SmartSolar maintains battery health, extending its life.

MPPT: Ultra Fast Maximum Power Point Tracking

By constantly monitoring the voltage and current output of your solar (PV) panels, MPPT technology ensures that every drop of available power is rinsed out of your panels, and harvested for storage. The advantage of this is most noticeable when the sky is partially clouded, and light intensity is constantly changing.

Remote Monitoring and Control

Remotely control and monitor the extensive features of your SmartSolar MPPT charger with built-in bluetooth by pairing it with your smartphone or other device via VictronConnect. If your installation is connected to the internet Victron Remote Management Portal (VRM) provides access to the full power of your MPPT, anytime, anywhere; both services are free to use. For remote installations - even when there is no internet connection or phone signal nearby - you may be able to monitor your MPPT by bluetooth-pairing with a LoRaWAN (long-range wide area network) device, available optionally.

Optional SmartSolar Control Display

By adding the SmartSolar Control Display you will be able to check the status of your Charger and battery-storage at a glance. Simply plug it into the face of your MPPT charger to provide you with real-time monitoring and set-up capabilities.

Brand Victron
Nominal DC voltage 12 / 24 / 36 / 48
Maximum charge current (Amps) 100
Load Control (Amps) N/A
Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) N/A
Adjustable Regulation Set-points Yes
Temperature Compensation Yes
Display Optional
Mounting Wall
IP Rating IP43 / 22
Size (mm) WxHxD 295 x 216 x 103
Weight 4.50

Ask a question about this product

Please note: SmartSolar regulators are superseding the BlueSolar family. SmartSolar models have built-in BluetoothTM and do not reuqire the Dongle for communicationg with the Victron Connect App.

BlueSolar MPPT - VictronConnect: How to change settings

BlueSolar MPPT - VictronConnect: Live data

How to get a readout from an MPPT with a VE.Direct Bluetooth Smart dongle

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Climate Action Network Grants

The Reading Climate Change Partnership (RCCP) is offering a fund of up to £2,000 for organisations who will help to reduce carbon emissions/help prepare for the effects of climate change. This fund is open to the business and community sector for non capital projects. RCCP will oversee the funds.

Deadlines are on going. Applications will be reviewed in RCCP board meetings in January, April, July and October each year. Please get your application to RCCP early in the month.

Examples of what RCCP are looking for and possible projects
-Shared solutions to purchasing/waste management – i.e. set up collective purchase of sustainable goods / set up collections for multiple sites for recyclables like cardboard.
-Use outdoor areas to educate on wildlife topics, install bee/bird boxes, or encourage food growing.
-Facilitate a bulk buying scheme for DIY products for energy efficiency or renewable energy.
-Encourage ‘borrow rather than own’ i.e. the sharing of tools/gardening equipment etc.
-Audit and reduce water use – fit in with an educational program with users of your centre and other centres.
-Sustainable transport encourage reduced vehicular travel – cycling clubs, promote walking/cycling schemes.
-A green/eco festival to celebrate an international/national event like Earth Day or World Environment Day.
-This fund could compliment a capital grant where a viability study is needed prior to building works.
-New, innovative projects are welcome.

Limitations and restrictions
-Not open to businesses and community groups operating outside the Reading area.
-Applications for capital works only are not accepted.

To find out more about the grants and to apply, please visit

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Painting Landscapes Like Gainsborough Lesson Plan

This 9 page lesson plan includes the following:

  • A little background on the artist,
  • 6 Printable pictures of the artists’ work (including a self-portrait),
  • A carefully crafted sentence about the artist that’s ideal for memorization
  • Materials list
  • Simple instructions that any non-artistic teacher can understand and use,
  • Suggestions for scaling the project to different ages,
  • A landscape template with a boy (so the students can focus on drawing the landscape),
  • References to the pertinent Classical Conversations Acts and Facts cards.

I designed this lesson plan for use in our Classical Conversations community (Cycle 2, Week 15 for Fine Arts), but you could easily use it in a variety of situations.

This is a PDF file, so you’ll need a PDF Reader to view and print it. Download a free PDF Reader here:

References to Classical Conversations do not constitute or imply endorsement by the company.

For more info and some extra photos, check out the blog post Painting Landscapes Like Gainsborough.

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Wednesday, June 3, 2009

Second episode. Eons on the tables and Luke gets down with the Realistic talk box with the wood paneling. Once again, the selections are bonkers. No one called in and won the contest for the life-size Diamond Shell cardboard stand up. We gotta check these phonelines. Better luck next week!

Ripped Open Radio #2

1. Beatnuts - "Get Funky" (remix)
2. P Bros. feat Sadat X and Money Boss - "Come on Down"
3. Stetsasonic "Sally"
4. Scotty Luv- Cold Rocking It
5. I walk on gilded splinters
6. CPO- Ren's Rhythm
7. Ed O.G. - Sayin' Something
8. Ice T - "Hunted Child" Remix
9. KNT "Cycles"
10. Arsonists "Halloween"
11. Shyheim "Five Elements" feat. Rubbabandz, Pop the Brown Hornet, Downlowreka, Junelover
12. Royal Flush "Worldwide"
13. Gil Scott Heron- "Angel Dust"
14. Freestyle Professors- Grit Dat Grime
15. Spice 1- 187 Proof part II
16. DJ Chuck Chillout & Kool Chip- "Time to Rhyme"
17. Black Sheep "Still in the Ghetto"
18. Tragedy- Iron Sheiks beat

schultzzz said...

thanks for the hits!

ApocalypseWestCoast said...

Damn Man...
I've had that BIG TWINS "Grimey Collection" for a minute and everybody I've been telling about it looks at me like I'm crazy. But that first joint when he says
"Uptown coppin' haze, A nigga stay piffed out, Yeah I'm a knucklehead, Stay with a big mouth."
You gotta be happy when that shit comes on.
QB is some dynamite!
And yo these ROB-ME mixtapes are bad as fuck dude. Thanks


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Blue Buffalo

Blue Buffalo Wilderness Kitten Salmon Recipe Canned Cat Food

  • Sale

Blue Buffalo BLUE Wilderness Kitten Salmon Recipe Canned Cat Food is a grain-free, nutrient rich wet food that will satisfy your kitten’s wild side! Loaded with more tasty salmon to supply the protein your kitten craves. Blue Buffalo BLUE Wilderness Kitten Salmon Recipe Canned Cat Food is made with only the finest, natural ingredients with added vitamins and taurine to help support immune and urinary tract health. Feel good when feeding your feline friend because this food contains no chicken (or poultry) by-product meals, no corn, wheat, soy, or artificial preservative.

Why We Love It

  • 100% grain-free
  • No by-products, fillers, soy, corn, or wheat
  • Made in the USA

About Blue Buffalo

BLUE Buffalo's True Blue promise is the pillar of their business, straight to every customer; the finest natural ingredients, and no chicken/poultry by-product meals, corn, wheat, soy, artificial preservatives, colors or flavors. BLUE Buffalo is the only food made with unique Lifesource Bits; a precise blend of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants created by veterinarians and animal nutritionists. With recipes for all tastes and diets, including limited ingredient diets, high protein, grain-free, wholesome grains, and exotic proteins, BLUE Buffalo always starts with real meat, and ends with good health.

Salmon, Chicken, Fish Broth, Chicken Liver, Pea Flour, Natural Flavor, Guar
Gum, Fish Oil (source of DHA-Docosahexaenoic Acid), Flaxseed, Potassium
Chloride, Taurine, Salt, Dried Potato, Choline Chloride, Carrageenan, Cassia
Gum, Magnesium Sulfate, Iron Amino Acid Chelate, Zinc Amino Acid Chelate,
Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1), Vitamin E Supplement, Copper Amino
Acid Chelate, Manganese Amino Acid Chelate, Sodium Selenite, Niacin
Supplement (Vitamin B3), Calcium Pantothenate (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine
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Supplement, Biotin (Vitamin B7), Potassium Iodide, Vitamin D3 Supplement,
Vitamin B12 Supplement, Folic Acid (Vitamin B9), preserved with Mixed

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Nutrient Guaranteed Units
Crude Protein 10.5% min
Crude Fat 7% min
Crude Fiber 1.5% max
Moisture 78% max
Taurine 0.1% min
DHA 0.10% min


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The salt crusted cliffs, concrete buildings dripping from the hill tops like icing. Fedora hats, shirts and dresses, the garb of those walking the lofty paths with sluggish curiosity past white signs, white walls and monuments, electricity poles and painted trees.

The domes and the doors. The window frames and shutters. The deep blue of the crystal clear water. Blue flags and towels flutter against the pale blue sky.

White and Blue.

White wash sprays from boats and jet skis carving their path through the blue. They stroll the white streets to breathe in the fresh air and finger through blue fridge magnets and wrist bands. Blue busses pick up white dust that dances in eddys behind them. Men wear blue and white chequered shirts that match perfectly the blue and white chequered table cloths in the blue and white restaurants they eat in.

Something Else.

The sun drops, the blue sky blushes, the blue sea follows suit. The white buildings blush a pinkish hue. I look into my wife’s blue eyes and tell her I love her. Her white skin blushes…. or maybe it was today’s sun.

5 thoughts on “Santorini

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Stop and Smell the Rain

The Talking Weather Heads pointed excitedly at concentric circles of yellow and orange on the television screen in the other room. It wasn’t necessary to read the scrolling text – I knew that it said “severe thunderstorm warning”.  I tuned them out and closed the lid on the pot of spaghetti sauce to let it simmer for a while. I walked back to my laptop on the kitchen table where I was multi-tasking paying bills and sending emails. This is a daily routine in Florida summertime. The thunderstorms, that is.

Vicky appeared from the office. She took a break from her consulting project to respond to the dryer’s beeps. We were in our own separate worlds uninterested in the impending threat of severe thunderstorms headed our way. A white noise got louder and louder. I thought for a moment that my digital overload was getting out of control. Really bad because it was in full stereo.

wait a minute…that’s rain!

A totally un-task related idea popped into my head as Vicky & I paused in the kitchen: “Hey, let’s stop everything we are doing and go outside and enjoy this rain.”

We sat on the sofa under the covered portion of the patio and smelled the parched earth quickly cooled by the pounding rain. Someone could almost bottle that summertime smell. It was like the start of a great movie and we had perfect seats. The rain took center stage and it was as if there was nothing else going on in the world. A slight breeze confirmed nature was paying off  the excessive heat of the day. The rain was loud. And good. The dogs quietly joined us. They, too, seemed to know a magnificent show was about to start. We all watched in silence.

The patio screens turned semi-opaque from the excess water. The sun broke from the clouds while the rain continued on and, from our vantage point behind the screens, looked like a strange, weak headlight pointing our way.  As we say in the South, the Devil is beating his wife.

After fifteen minutes or so, the rain quieted and a chorus of frogs signaled that the show was over. Bravo. Way better than any movie on TV. For the moment, anyway…

Our little break was a good one. We all need to stop what we are doing on occasion and enjoy the moment.

Enjoy friends and loved ones.

Enjoy the view.

Enjoy life and the marvel of nature.

NOTES ON THE PHOTOS: All photos below were taken with an iPhone 5s and are unedited images – no App filters, no Photoshop. It’s not that I don’t manipulate images – I do – I have a gazillion photo editing Apps on my iPhone and I actually do use about half of them. I  just want to illustrate how nicely these raw images appeared. I find my iPhone’s camera to be a wonderful tool as an artist. It is always there when you need it (as photographer Chase Jarvis says, “The Best Camera Is The One That’s With You”) and allows for nice outbursts of spontaneous creativity. Sometimes I use the photos as reference sources in my work and sometimes they are just mere sources of non-related inspiration. If artistic block of any kind sets in during my work schedule, it is often cured by a photographic outing with my iPhone – even if it is just a trek around the block.  I also believe that you, at times, need  to step out of your medium or comfort zone to find inspiration. A fresh look at things. A change of scenery (one of the reasons I feel artistic travel workshops outside of one’s home base are excellent sources of inspiration.) The photos below were inspired by a rainstorm and may likely, in turn, inspire a future painting. Creativity thrives within chain reactions. Following an afternoon Florida thunderstorm, my patio screens were full of water and semi-opaque; a slight slap with my hand revealed some of the backyard vista and I shot these images. I like how some detail emerges through the opaque, flat areas. The screen also creates a sort of pixelized view.These images remind me of the color field paintings of Abstract Expressionism. Though shot in color, the screen and water desaturate the color to almost black & white images. Again, the images were not manipulated – this is how it was when it was. Enjoy.
– Robert Leedy, June 2014

click on images to enlarge
"Wet Canvas I" by Robert Leedy, iPhone image

“Wet Canvas I” by Robert Leedy, iPhone image

"Wet Canvas II" by Robert Leedy, iPhone image

“Wet Canvas II” by Robert Leedy, iPhone image

"Wet Canvas III" by Robert Leedy, iPhone image

“Wet Canvas III” by Robert Leedy, iPhone image

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Sathya Sai Baba Deceptions Exposed

Exposing major deceits by guru Sathya Sai Baba in India, incl. murders cover-up & widely alleged sexual abuse

Madhusudan Naidu spiritual tourism junket plus

Posted by robertpriddy on October 30, 2016

Looks like they managed to gather about 50 people in Fiji (about .01% of the Indian-descent population) for the new subtle sb-worshipping ‘ashram’. Pics show mostly elderly Indian ladies wearing saris. With my not-so-psychic yet practical powers, I can see into the future to know that in a few years, this ‘ashram’ will be yet another unused, decaying white elephant building. The quote of oracle boy in the “Inner View” story below shows that he is paranoid about being questioned and judged, so he borrows the same quotes his guru used. “Judge me not, just believe and don’t question. Period.”  Interesting that despite being well practiced for years in discoursing, oracle boy is still very clumsy with conveying the so-called subtle sb’s message, and doesn’t sound like sb at all.
Devotees having fun on Facebook at Muddy’s expense:-

Eve Gardener hah – well, from all the reports i have read these people are mostly interested in the tourist attractions – and food.. So really these copious gobal trots in the name of Sathya Sai in astral form, are not altogether about the Light Body – far from it. oh well. It is all so crazy.

Terry Reis Kennedy They have all gained huge amounts of weight during their travels. I’m messaging you privately about Mr. You Know Who.
Sunny Munshi
 And shopping. Light body bought a leather jacket and Ray ban shades in Ottawa.

Terry Reis Kennedy  Well he can wear the leather jacket and Ray bans in Delhi. Sai Surya posted that Madhu was called to Delhi…Hmmmm.

Sunny Munshi What if one fine morning he decides not to play second fiddle to BNM? They must have another communicator ready in the wings.

Sukshma Baba Report 333  29-9-16 Sathya343

In this week’s issue, we bring you highlights of the Bhagawan’s visit to the “Jayapura Campus” and “Hassan Campus” from September 24 – 25, 2016.

INNER VIEW By Sri Madhusudan Naidu
Yesterday, Swami was speaking to two scientists who were requesting Him to come and open their research lab. Swami remarked, ” Oh! If I come you will start doing experiments on me.”
They said, “No Swami, we won’t.”
He smiled and said, “But that’s what people do with me, they keep experimenting on me to find out whether I am God or not.”
Then with a certain seriousness Swami said, “No one can know me by experimenting, but only through experience can I be known

Yet more ridiculously laughter-inspiring was Naidu’s following spiritual wisdom:-

” Speaking about a devotee who was having chest congestion while eating food, Swami said, “How can someone breath and eat simultaneously!? When you eat you can’t breath, when you breath you can’t eat. The number of breaths one can take in a life time are already decided, and therefore if you breath faster you will have to leave early. A dog that breaths faster has a shorter life, likewise a man who is always worried and excited would have short and fast breathing which reduces his life span. Therefore through pranayama, the yogis perfected the art of breathing and thereby lived long and healthy lives.”

All this is sheer unscientific hogswallop. A shame Sathya Sai Baba was no yogi, though. His breathing stopped in his 85th year after an most unhealthy development whereby he lost the use of one vital organ after another until he died weighing only less than 30 kilos (signs of his most likely death from AIDS, obviously something that had to be covered-up at all costs).

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Increase CVM memory for Self Service

With the release of AOS 5.0 we have some major features and one i’m looking forward to work with is the Self Service portal, to get started with it the first thing we need to do is increase the CVM memory size. We can do this quite easily using the VIRSH command.

Lets take a look :

First we need to SSH to the AHV host, we can see the name of the CVM running on this host by running :

virsh list --all | grep CVM

When we have the CVM name we need to shut it down by running

root@ahv# virsh shutdown cvm_name

replacing cvm_name with the CVM name running on the host we do this for each command:

We can have a look to check the memory config running on the host

root@ahv# virsh dumpxml cvm_name | egrep -i "cpu|memory"

This CVM has the default 16 GB, this can also be seen from Prisim

Next we need to set the max size and memory size to 24GB

root@ahv# virsh setmaxmem cvm_name --config --size ram_gbGiB
root@ahv# virsh setmem cvm_name --config --size ram_gbGiB

Then we can start the CVM and were

root@ahv# virsh start cvm_name

If you connect to Prism and look at the CVM you can see it now has 24GB memory

Repeat for the rest of the CVM’s and we should be able to enable the Self Service porthole.

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Four stages of Santa

“I know, ya know,” Amy whispered hoarsely.

“Know what?” I asked. Whatever our young neighbor’s secret, she’d shielded it from the ears of her little sister, Katie, who was in the bedroom coloring Rudolph’s nose with my daughter, Helen and her baby sister, Becky.

“I know there’s not really a Santa Claus and whenever you see one it’s just somebody’s dad in a red suit.” I stopped spooning out marshmallow fluff and turned to look at her. This was my first adult encounter with such an announcement and I didn’t know whether to offer condolences or arguments. But Amy wanted neither. “Just wanted to tell you,” she said. “Don’t worry I won’t tell those guys.” She motioned toward the bedroom like it was a different world.

“Shucks,” I thought. At nine years old, Amy had reached the fourth and final stage of believing in Santa. Sharing her discovery with an adult friend was apparently part of the acceptance process. I bet she told her teacher, the bus driver, the man who loaded groceries into her mom’s car and as many neighbors as possible on that same day. As far I know, Amy went back to coloring with her playmates—who remained somewhere between the second and third stages of Santa—as though the discussion never occurred.

Now that I’ve reached that blessed resting place between being a young mother and becoming a grandmother, it’s hard for me to recall the days when my kids really believed and I lied for the sake of Santa. But there was a time when I wanted him to be a real guy who parked his reindeer in my front yard and ate the sugar cookies I left on the coffee table. Who else would make my girls get all wide-eyed and breathless on Christmas Eve? What could possibly enchant them as much as lying there at 2 a.m., so sure that the sounds of their dad and me tromping by their bedrooms to haul and wrap presents must be Santa Claus? Having little Santa-enthralled cherubs had been part of my holiday picture since way before they were born. And, despite the hard work it was keeping up the fantasy, I somehow knew that, once this phase of my life was past, I’d wish I could watch it again like an old Bing Crosby movie.

During those years, I sometimes did catch myself studying my girls when they’d ask Santa for toys too big to squeeze down the chimney…and dolls found at only one place between here and the North Pole. How come, I wondered, nothing seemed implausible for Santa? At times like that, I’d have to reach into my subconscious for the fuzzy impressions of Christmases long, long ago—way back to the stage where anything could come true.

Stage one: We’re born into this world naked, helpless, and with an unconditional love for Santa Claus already rooted in our soul. He is the only stranger we’re allowed to hug and, the first time we’re placed in his lap, we bond instantly and instinctively. He’s as comfortable as our dad, yet the brightest, biggest dream we’ve managed to touch so far.

This pure, unfaltering passion lasts till the age of three or four, right about the time when we begin asking questions like, “Why does it hurt when I pinch myself?” and “Did Santa really see me make a face at my mom?” In our unending search for many different answers to all questions, we happen to come across Santa in Sears and….What’s this? It looks like he’s got black rubber stuck on top of his shoes instead of real boots…and a beard attached to his ears rather than his chin! Luckily, our little brains start shutting down to protect us and we don’t look as closely during the next several encounters. And luckily, our moms tell us about Santa’s Helpers. Knowing there are thousands of men with all sorts of footwear and fake padding willing to help out “The Real One” is quite a comfort while we’re in Stage Two.

“If you’re Santa’s Helper, how come you drove over here in a Jeep?” Becky’s friends asked during her kindergarten Christmas party. They were in Stage Two and Santa’s Helper that year was my dad, her grandpa, who loved to make up stories and laugh too loud just as much as he loved to dress all in red and be the center of attention. “Oh, well, the reindeer and I landed over at the airport. The Jeep is a loaner ’cause the road over here would have ruined Santa’s sleigh,” he said.

Our favorite Santa: "Mac" circa 1992

Ah, ’twas a blessed time, indeed! There was my little blonde angel who knew always telling the truth was important so grownups would be proud and trusting, blissfully sitting in her lying grandpa’s lap—sure as anything he was the real deal ’cause he just landed at the Skyhaven Airport with a sack of goodies for her and all her friends. “Well, Santa,” Becky said, “you do like your Christmas cookies, don’t you?” Totally oblivious, she giggled and poked his very Grandpa-like jelly belly.

That scene came flooding back to me the other day when I picked up the Rangeley Highlander and discovered that, up here, kids get to go to breakfast with Santa at  Orgonon, the Wilhelm Reich museum. (For those of you not from around here, Rangeley was once ground zero for Wilhelm Reich’s unique research into harnessing environmental energy fields.) “Woah, now that would have been a fun Christmas with Grandpa!” I chuckled. I could see him lumbering in—his red suit all soaked, beard dripping, boots a bit scuffed and mittens slightly frayed—with his sack of toys glowing from tiny flashlights he’d hidden inside.

“Boy, it sure is exciting for Santa to come to Rangeley!” he’d holler to the tykes gathered round. “I was heading south, almost across the border from Canada, when my sleigh got sucked into some kind of a magic thunderhead! Old Wilhelm’s cloud buster out there gave me and the reindeer one heck of a ride! And you should’ve seen how Rudolph’s nose lit up when he passed through the orgone energy accumulator!”

Kids at that party probably would have gotten fixated at Stage Two and had a hard time progressing. But even they, sooner or later, would enter Stage Three: the years of Serious Wavering. Their hearts would still be into Santa Claus, but their brains would be catching up.

I do recall struggling in this stage on a winter’s night in 1963. “So, there’s probably a guy way up north with a big, long list,” I’d think to myself before I went to sleep. “But flying reindeer? And elves who can make Barbies just like the ones in the store?” And then I started worrying if maybe Santa heard me thinking like that. Just in case, I decided I’d better wait until next year to figure it all out.

1964 was the year my mom bought an honest to goodness Santa Claus Trap—a plastic red and green version of something a mountain man could’ve used to snare a bear. The contraption sat open in our fireplace during the days before Christmas until, lo and behold, we awoke Christmas morning to find it clamped onto a piece of….Santa’s pants??!! Mom was pretty bothered that he was riding around up there with a hole in his britches, but I wasn’t. I knew right away the stuff caught in the trap matched the red velvet dress she’d just finished sewing for me. But I didn’t want to spoil her fun, so I lingered awhile longer at Stage Three.

By 1965, I’d faced up to the truth about Santa. My maturity was rewarded with a stack of presents half the size of Christmases past. I was about the same age my young friend Amy was when she informed me she knew the guy in the red suit was her dad all along. Translated, that meant she wished she would’ve kept her thoughts to herself for one more year.

Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays, everyone! Believe and be blessed.

This entry was posted in Family and friends, Seasonal celebrations and observations and tagged . Bookmark the permalink.

3 Responses to Four stages of Santa

  1. Diana Upham says:

    What do you mean, there’s no Santa Clause????!!!!????

  2. Amy says:

    I’m in Stage 5 now .. recreating that Magic for my 4 yr old daughter Emily. I can still remember the day I “found out” .. .. .. Thank you for reminding me 😉

  3. Pingback: Extreme gift wrapping | Rooted In Rangeley

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Based in Burnley, we create outstanding graphic design, responsive web design and effective social media and email marketing campaigns for clients throughout Lancashire and further afield.

Welcome to Root Fifty Two, a full-service creative business with our own distinctive design style and a very special approach to our business and our clients. Whatever creative service you are looking for, from your brand image, a new brochure or new responsive website, to a fully integrated digital marketing solution, you’ll find it here. Take a look around our website at our work, our method and our services, then give us a call to talk through your own requirements.

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'Boydell & Jacks Ltd first used Root Fifty Two some three years ago, since then we have formed a fantastic working partnership. From design to print they have excelled in all our requirements.'Craig Jacks, Director. Boydell & Jacks Ltd
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Roshan Wu A web developer living in Hangzhou, China.

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This site is made on my RMBP, designed in Chrome with Google Fonts: Noto Serif & Lustria, and Open Iconfont: Font Awesome, styled with handwritten SASS, generated by Jekyll, hosted on Github Pages. All posts are composed in Markdown and syntax is highlighted with Rouge. All code is written in Sublime Text. I also have been trying to keep it neat and responsive.


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My Hanging

Having nothing exciting to do on a Sunday on a holiday weekend, I figured I’d post.  Maybe there are actually some people like myself, who, sadly, have nothing better to do than browse the internet.

Yesterday, I hung my show.  These things never go smoothly, but as time goes on, it gets easier.  I had the help of Dearly Beloved, who thankfully took over and did most of the work.

The fellows who work in Birch Coffee were busy closing up after the day.  I felt bad at first that I was keeping them there late, but turns out, it takes them a long time to close.  The cleaning man and the manager were still there when we left.

I found a few things out….the signs that I so carefully made to go with the drawings were way too big for the walls.  I will have to go back and change them.  Also, the frames that I thought all matched, didn’t.  My idea was to have a very professional looking show with a consistent look.  Didn’t look all that bad really.

Got home, and ate a lot of black raspberry ice cream for dinner.

Now, I have some time on my hands. I still have things to do for the reception, but I’m taking a rest and doing neglected tasks.  I actually cleaned in my studio!  Believe it or not.

And then, I got some work done on “Construction”.  Here is a shot of how it stands,now;

Happy Labor Day everyone!  I’ll be selling pastries.

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$4.99 Shipping on orders over $50 10% OFF PIES HERE →

Recipe: Dark Chocolate Pecan Baklava

Royalty Pecans Recipe of the Month: Feb 2013

This month we’re sharing a decadent dessert full of complementing flavors and textures (perfect for an impressive homemade Valentine’s Day treat!). You can find most of these gourmet ingredients in our gift shop and online shop. This recipe was submitted to us by Darlene in Arizona. Thank you, Darlene!

Finely chop bacon and pecans. If possible, use a food processor. Pour chopped bacon and pecans into a bowl and add dark chocolate.

Unroll phyllo dough and place a single sheet in a 9 x 14 baking pan. Brush dough with butter, add another sheet of dough, and repeat until you have 7 layers. Spread ½ of the pecan/bacon/chocolate mixture on top of the dough. Repeat layering and buttering dough sheets until you have 6 more layers. Top with remaining pecan mixture and layer dough and butter 6 more times. Brush top with butter and bake at 325° for 30 to 35 minutes.

While the baklava is baking, combine honey, strawberry jam, and lemon juice. Simmer over medium high heat (about 2 or 3 minutes) until sauce reduces and starts to thicken. Remove sauce from heat and let it cool.

When baklava is done, let it cool slightly and layer fresh strawberries on top. Pour cooled sauce over the top and enjoy!


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Obamacare upheld!

People are lauding Chief Justice Roberts for his decision.  It seems like he doesn’t like the law, but decided against overturning it because he felt there was not much of an argument for doing so.  Which is what Judges are supposed to do.  Don’t take my word for it, though.  Take this guy’s:

Anyway, it is rather funny that what saved the law was interpreting it as a “tax”.  The Democrats tried to desperately not to call it that, because people hate taxes, but in the end that is what it needed to be to stand.

What's your stake in this, cowboy?


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Why I Run (Part 1)

My amazing father-in-law has Parkinson’s disease.  The troubadour who once climbed atop North America can no longer play guitar or speak to his grandchildren, but twenty-odd years ago he stood up in AA and told his story.  Thank goodness someone thought to record his words…we listened to them this week.  At the end of his talk, he quoted this poem by Helen Marshall, and I was struck by how perfectly it encapsulates my own philosophy towards running and life:

This business of living was meant to be more
Than plodding along each day
With head bowed down and eyes on the ground,
While time ticks the hours away.

God made this world a delightful place
With beauty everywhere–
The grass, the flowers, the trees, the sky
The tang of clean, fresh air.

A world to be lived in, laughed in, loved,
To be met with joy and zest.
A world with a challenge for each of us
To give it out very best.

This business of living was never meant
As a treadmill sort of thing;
There are rivers to cross and mountains to climb,
And glorious songs to sing!

— Helen L. Marshall.


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Fifth Wheel Rentals Map Mckinney, TX

Fifth Wheel Rentals In Mckinney Texas

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Mckinney Texas Fifth Wheel Rental Reviews

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Great Experience and could not ask for a nicer owner

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Enjoyed this camper very much. It will be our go to camper .

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Pete went above and beyond to make sure we were happy with the rental and our experience! This was our first time renting and we will definitely be using Pete again!

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We will definitely be renting this trailer again! Everything was as described and very clean. Raul was great to work with. We had him deliver and pick it up for us, and that was the way to go. He got everything setup and then walked us through how to work everything. The beds where comfortable and the showers were clean. Great Experience!!

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Chinook Medical Gear, Inc.

54 Girard St., Ste A
Durango,  CO  81303

United States
  • Booth: 821

Chinook is a Veteran-Owned and Native American Minority-Owned Small Business that provides custom medical solutions for the harshest environments. Since 1990, Chinook Medical Gear has specialized in outfitting government agencies, military units, contractors, corporations, adventure companies, and individuals with the latest medical gear.

For Technical Support with this webpage, please contact support.


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Game Preview: 4/8/16 vs. CBJ

Game Notes NHL Stats Press Clips

Tuesday, April 5
Buffalo 3 at New Jersey 1
Goals: R. O’Reilly, Larsson, Eichel
Goalie: Johnson (18 saves/19 shots)
PP: 1/4; PK: 5/6; Shots: New Jersey 19 – Buffalo 18

CURRENT INJURIES – (Man Games Lost: 353)
Player (injury, first game missed) – total games missed

Cody McCormick (blood clot, Oct. 8; injured reserve) – 80 games
Tyler Ennis (upper body, Dec. 31; injured reserve) – 43 games
Cody Franson (neck, Feb. 21) – 21 games
Jason Kasdorf (lower body, March 16) – 10 games
Robin Lehner (ankle, March 18) – 9 games
Evander Kane (upper body, March 29) – 4 games

Recalled F Justin Bailey from Rochester (AHL)
4/6: Assigned F Justin Bailey to Rochester (AHL)
4/7: Recalled F Evan Rodrigues and F Cole Schneider from Rochester (AHL)

Saturday, April 9:
Buffalo at NY Islanders, 7:30 p.m.

  • This is the third and final meeting between the Sabres and Blue Jackets this season.
  • Last meeting: Buffalo defeated Columbus, 4-0, in Columbus on Feb. 19
  • The Sabres are 5-4-1 in their last 10 games vs. the Blue Jackets; 5-4-1 at home
  • This is the 23rd game all-time between Buffalo and Columbus; Buffalo has a 9-11-2 series record.
  • The Sabres are 5-6-1 at home against the Blue Jackets all-time.

  • The Sabres are 5-5-1 all-time on April 8 (regular season only).
  • April 8, 1973: The Sabres earn the first playoff victory in franchise history, topping Montreal 5-1.

  • Ryan O’Reilly enters tonight’s game with 10 points (4+6) in 10 games since returning from a lower-body injury that sidelined him for 11 games and 19 points (4+15) in his last 19 games overall.
  • Chad Johnson is 10-2-1 in his last 14 appearances with a .924 save percentage and a 2.21 goals-against average.
  • Johan Larsson has seven points (4+3) in his last seven games, including six (3+3) in his last four, and is on a career-best four-game point streak.
  • Zach Bogosian has four points (1+3) in his last four games.

  • Jack Eichel and Rasmus Ristolainen each have three points (1+2) in two games against Columbus this season.
  • Ryan O’Reilly has seven points (2+5) in his last seven games against the Blue Jackets.
  • Zemgus Girgensons has four points (2+2) in his last four games against Columbus.
  • Chad Johnson is 4-0-0 in his career against the Blue Jackets with a .922 save percentage and a 1.72 goals-against average.

  • Williamsville, NY native Cole Schneider is expected to make his NHL debut tonight. He would become the sixth player born in the Buffalo area to appear in a regular-season game for the Sabres, joining Justin Bailey, Marcus Foligno, Patrick Kaleta, Tim Kennedy and Scott Thomas.
  • Aside from these six, 10 other Sabres players in franchise history have been born in New York State:
    • Peter Ciavaglia (Albany); Jerry D’Amigo (Binghamton); Zach Bogosian and Mike Hurlbut (Massena); Tracey Pratt (New York City); Rory Fitzpatrick, Brian Gionta and Derek Whitmore (Rochester); Tim Connolly (Syracuse); Connor Knapp (York)

  • The Sabres went 7-4-4 (.600) in March, making it the team’s best month since April 2013 (8-4-0).
  • The team is 2-0-0 so far in April 2016. The Sabres have a 36-25-4 (.585) regular-season record in the month of April since the 2005-06 season, marking the team’s best month during that span.

Tonight’s game opens up Buffalo’s 15th of 15 sets of back-to-back games this season, which will conclude with tomorrow’s season finale at NY Islanders. The Sabres are 6-8-0 in the first game of back-to-back sets and 5-7-2 in the second game so far this season. Buffalo’s point breakdown in previous back-to-back sets this season is: four points (1), three points (1), two points (8), one point (1) and zero points (3).

20 BY 25
The Sabres have four 20-goal scorers this season, each aged 25 or younger: Jack Eichel (24), Sam Reinhart (22), Ryan O’Reilly (21) and Evander Kane (20). It is the first time the Sabres have had four players in their age 25 seasons* or younger score 20 goals since 1987-88 (Dave Andreychuk, Phil Housley, Christian Ruuttu and Ray Sheppard). *All ages used are the players’ ages as of Feb. 1 of the given season

  • Evander Kane leads all Sabres and ranked ninth in the NHL entering play Thursday with 271 shots this season despite missing 15 games to injury. Kane’s 271 shots rank 11th in franchise history and his 4.2 shots per game rank fourth in franchise history behind only Alexander Mogilny (4.68 in 1992-93), Rick Martin (4.43 in 1974-75) and Dave Andreychuk (4.21 in 1991-92).
  • Entering play Thursday, Rasmus Ristolainen ranks third among all Sabres and eighth among all NHL defensemen with 199 shots this season. Only four other Sabres defenseman have logged at least 199 shots in a season: Jocelyn Guevremont (1975-76, 1976-77), Phil Housley (1983-84, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1989-90), Jerry Korab (1974-75, 1977-78 and 1978-79) and John Van Boxmeer (1980-81).
  • Jack Eichel ranks second among all Sabres and leads all NHL rookies with 233 shots this season. Danny Gare (274 in 1974-75) and Rick Martin (266 in 1971-72) were the only two Sabres rookies ever to record more shots than Eichel’s rookie total.
    • Since the league began denoting rookies in 1987-88, only 14 NHL rookies have recorded more shots on goal in a season than Eichel’s 233:
Player Age (as of Feb. 1) Season Team Shots
Alex Ovechkin 20 2005-2006 WSH 425
Teemu Selanne 23 1992-1993 WIN 387
Sidney Crosby 18 2005-2006 PIT 278
Gabriel Landeskog 19 2011-2012 COL 270
Brian Leetch 20 1988-1989 NYR 268
Pavel Bure 20 1991-1992 VAN 268
Sergei Fedorov 21 1990-1991 DET 259
Logan Couture 21 2010-2011 SJS 253
Dion Phaneuf 20 2005-2006 CGY 242
Evgeni Malkin 20 2006-2007 PIT 242
Nathan MacKinnon 18 2013-2014 COL 241
Filip Forsberg 19 2014-2015 NSH 237
Tony Granato 24 1988-1989 NYR 234
Tony Amonte 21 1991-1992 NYR 234
Jack Eichel 19 2015-2016 BUF 233

  • Jack Eichel leads the Sabres with 24 goals this season, the highest total by a Sabres player since 2011-12 (Jason Pominville, 30) and the highest by a Sabres rookie since 2005-06 (Thomas Vanek, 25). If he finishes the season with the team lead, Eichel will be the first Sabres rookie to lead the team in goals since Ray Sheppard did so in the 1987-88 season.
  • Entering play Thursday, Eichel was ranked in the top five among NHL rookies in goals (2nd, 24), assists (4th, 30), points (2nd, 54) and shots (1st, 233).
  • With his goal on March 7 at Toronto, Eichel (19 years, 131 days) became the youngest 20-goal scorer in Sabres history, besting Pierre Turgeon (19 years, 140 days on Jan. 15, 1989) by nine days.
  • With his goal on March 26 vs. Winnipeg, Eichel became the ninth Sabres rookie to record 50 points in a season. He is the first to do so since Derek Plante (1993-94) and the second-youngest to do so, trailing only Phil Housley (1982-83).

  • Jack Eichel (54 points) and Sam Reinhart (40) are the first pair of Sabres rookies to reach the 35-point mark since Ray Sheppard (65), Pierre Turgeon (42) and Calle Johansson (42) all did so in 1987-88.
  • Eichel (24 goals) and Reinhart (22) are the third pair of rookies in Sabres history to each record 20 goals in the same season, joining Danny Gare (31) and Peter McNab (22) in 1974-75 and Gilbert Perreault (38) and Steve Atkinson (20) in 1970-71.

  • Rasmus Ristolainen is ranked 11th in the NHL with an average ice time of 25:16 per game. Only Alexei Zhitnik (four times) has averaged more minutes per game in a full season with the Sabres.
  • Ryan O’Reilly (21:47) leads all NHL forwards in average ice time per game and Evander Kane (21:02) ranks second. The pair currently own the two highest average career ice times by Sabres forwards. Michael Peca (20:18) is the only other forward with an average over 20 minutes.
  • With an average ice time of 23:37 per game in his 84 games played since joining the Sabres last season, Zach Bogosian owns the third-highest average ice time ever recorded by a Sabres player, trailing only Alexei Zhitnik (531 GP, 25:32) and Christian Ehrhoff (192 GP, 23:55).
  • Jack Eichel’s average ice time of 19:04 is the ninth-highest ever recorded by a rookie forward and the highest ever by Sabres rookie forward, topping the next highest (Cody Hodgson- 20 GP, 17:16) by more than a minute. Sam Reinhart (16:46 this season) is the only other Sabres rookie forward to top 16 minutes per game.

Note: The NHL began tracking ice time in the 1997-98 season.

  • The Sabres have outshot their opponents in 33 of 80 games this season, posting an 11-18-4 record in those games. Last season, the team finished the season 5-5-0 in 10 total games when outshooting their opponents.
  • The Sabres have led their opponent in even-strength shot attempts (corsi) in 28 of the team’s 80 games this season, going 12-12-4 in those games. Buffalo only led their opponents in even-strength shot attempts eight times throughout the entire 2014-15 season, going 3-5-0 in those eight games. (Data courtesy of

Zach Bogosian:

  • Represented the United States alongside Nick Foligno at the 2009 World Championship.

Carlo Colaiacovo:

  • Played with Gregory Campbell for Team Canada at the 2003 World Junior Championship.
  • He and David Clarkson were both born in Toronto, Ontario and played together for the Toronto Maple Leafs from 2013-2015.

Jack Eichel:

  • Teammates with Seth Jones for the United States at the 2015 World Championship.

Marcus Foligno:

  • Nick Foligno is Marcus’ older brother. The two were also born in Buffalo.

Brian Gionta:

  • Played with David Clarkson for the New Jersey Devils from 2006-2009.
  • Played with Rene Bourque for the Montreal Canadiens from 2011-2014.

Josh Gorges:

  • Played with Rene Bourque for the Montreal Canadiens from 2011-2014.

Chad Johnson:

  • He and Gregory Campbell played together for the Boston Bruins during the 2013-14 season.
  • Played with Brandon Dubinsky for the New York Rangers from 2009-2011.
  • Represented Team Canada alongside Rene Bourque at the 2010 World Championship.

Evander Kane:

  • Represented Team Canada alongside Rene Bourque at the 2010 World Championship.

David Legwand:

  • Played with Scott Hartnell for the Nashville Predators from 2000-2007.

Robin Lehner:

  • Played with Nick Foligno for the Ottawa Senators from 2010-2012. Curtis McElhinney was also a part of the team during the 2010-11 season.

Jake McCabe:

  • Represented the United States alongside Seth Jones at the 2014 World Championship.

NHL Draft:

  • Marcus Foligno and David Savard were both chosen in the fourth round of the 2009 NHL Draft. Savard went 94th overall, while Foligno was selected 10 picks later, at 104th overall.
  • Zemgus Girgensons (14th overall) and Ryan Murray (2nd overall) were both chosen in the first round of the 2012 NHL Draft.
  • Rasmus Ristolainen, Seth Jones and Alexander Wennberg were both drafted in the first round of the 2013 NHL Draft. Jones was the first off the board at No. 4 overall, Ristolainen was selected with the eighth overall pick and Wennberg was taken with the 14th overall pick.

Deslauriers (200), Foligno (187), Kane (171)
Blocked Shots: Gorges (162), Ristolainen (132), McCabe (108)
Shots: Kane (271), Eichel (233), Ristolainen (199)

3-7-0 (6), 23/32, 9/35, 19/27
11-20: 5-3-2 (12), 21/21, 5/27, 23/29
21-30: 4-5-1 (9), 29/28, 8/29, 20/23
31-40: 3-6-1 (7), 20/27, 4/35, 17/21
41-50: 5-5-0 (10), 22/26, 6/25, 26/28
51-60: 4-3-3 (11), 29/30, 6/34, 30/33
61-70: 4-4-2 (10), 23/24, 3/30, 17/24
71-80: 6-2-2 (14), 30/24, 6/31, 31/34

OVERTIME RESULTS (4-3; 101-105 all-time)
Oct. 27 at PHI: W, 4-3 (GWG-Girgensons, 2:29)

Nov. 14 vs. SJS: L, 2-1 (GWG-Marleau, 2:59)
Dec. 12 vs. LAK: W, 2-1 (GWG-O’Reilly, 3:19)
Feb. 6 at BOS: L, 2-1 (GWG-Marchand, 2:32)
March 1 vs. EDM: L, 2-1 (GWG-McDavid, 3:48)
March 12 vs. CAR: W, 3-2 (GWG-Eichel, 4:59)
March 16 vs. MTL: L, 3-2 (GWG-Byron, 3:15)

SHOOTOUT RESULTS (2-7; 67-58 all-time)
Oct. 21 vs. TOR: W, 2-1 (GDG-Moulson)

Nov. 19 at STL: L, 3-2 (GDG-Steen)
Dec. 1 at DET: L, 5-4 (GDG-Richards)
Dec. 19 vs. CHI: L, 3-2 (GDG-Kane)
Feb. 4 vs. BOS: L, 3-2 (GDG-Spooner)
Feb. 16 at OTT: L, 2-1 (GDG-Ryan)
March 5 vs. MIN: L, 3-2 (GDG-Pominville)
March 7 at TOR: W, 4-3 (GDG-Reinhart)
March 29 at PIT: L, 5-4 (GDG-Letang)

UPCOMING MILESTONES (Player … Needs … Milestone)

Mark Pysyk … 2 goals … 3 goals (career high)
Josh Gorges … 1 assist … 100 career assists
Marcus Foligno … 1 assist … 14 assists (career high)
Ryan O’Reilly … 1 assist … 39 assists (career high)

Chad Johnson … 100th NHL game … April 2 at NYR
Zemgus Girgensons … 200th NHL game … April 5 at NJD
Johan Larsson … 17th point (career high) … April 5 at NJD

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Must Read Books for UPSC 2018

Must Read Books for UPSC 2018 UPSC Civil Services Examination, considered as one of the most challenging examinations in the country, demands a lot of dedication in preparation. It requires a lot of reading and writing practice. But an aspirant has to be smart and choosy when it comes to the books to be read for the examination as there are a plethora of resources available in the market. If not chosen properly, one might end up reading those books which are not required for completing the UPSC syllabus. Though reading any number of books will never go waste, with the limited time one has for the preparation and the huge syllabus to strike off, it is essential to wisely curate a book list and follow the same till the final level of the examination.

Another point an aspirant has to keep in mind while starting the UPSC preparation is that the Prelims and Mains exam preparation need to be integrated and not isolated as most of the topics to be covered for the prelims exam can also be found in the mains syllabus. Here is the must read books list for UPSC – 2018

1.GeographyNCERT Class 6-12

GC Leong: Certificate Physical and Human Geography- Oxford Publication

2.PolityIndian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Constitution of India by DD. Basu

Modern IndiaHistory of Modern India-Bipin Chandra-Old NCERT (1757-1857, Colonial History)

A brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir – Spectrum Publications (For National Movement)

Medieval IndiaSatish Chandra-Old NCERT
Ancient IndiaRS Sharma-Old NCERT
Art And CultureIndian Art and Culture by NithinSinghania
World HistoryHistory of the World by Arjun Dev

Modern World History by Norman Lowe

4. ECONOMYNCERT Class 11 – Indian Economic Development

NCERT Class 12-Introductory Macro Economics

The Indian Economy By SanjeevVerma

Economic Survey and Budget of 2018

Environment And Ecology- Rajagopalan

6. Science and TechnologyClass 8, 9, 10 NCERT
7. Social IssuesClass 12 NCERTs – Indian Society and Social Change and Development in India

Indian Society by Ram Ahuja

8. International RelationsInternational Relations in the 21st Century by Pushpesh Pant (TMH Publications)
9. Security IssuesChallenges to Internal Security of India by Ashok Kumar and Vipul (TMH Publications)
10. Ethics, Integrity and AptitudeLexicon (Chronicle Publishers)

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Subba Rao and P N Roy Chowdhury

11. Current AffairsIndia Year Book

Manorama Year Book

Rather than referring to multiple sources for the same topic, it would be a wise move to revise the topic over and over again from one standard book. Multiple revisions from a set of standard books will help in remembering the facts better and also write well framed, comprehensive answers in the UPSC Civil Services Mains examination.

For guidance on preparation for the UPSC Civil Services Examination and updates on Current affairs for the exam, subscribe to our BYJU’S YouTube channel

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The Safe Zone Resource Center’s Ally Training Ambassadors are a small group of elite professionals who provide professional development and educational outreach training on LGBTQIA+ related topics. Along with the SZRC staff, they help facilitate, assess, and coordinate the Ally Training Program at UA.

For those interested in becoming an Ally Training Ambassador, each year, the SZRC collects applications from Faculty, Staff, and Graduate Assistants at UA. Applicants who are chosen participate in an asynchronous online course between the months of May and August, and commit to attending and/or facilitating at least two full length training sessions each semester. In order to be selected as an Ally Training Ambassador, applicants must:

1) Complete the ambassador application before Monday, April 30, 2018

2) Be prepared to make a significant time commitment to both their own professional development as Training Ambassadors, regular meetings with Safe Zone staff and training ambassadors to coordinate, assess, and review the Ally Training Program; and to facilitate at least two full-length sessions.

*While it is not required, the SZRC recommends that interested applicants check with their supervisor to ensure that they will be able to keep their promised time commitment.

3) Complete the Ally Training Ambassador online course during the summer months.

*The online course is a cohort based, asynchronous class designed to prepare new trainers to effectively facilitate, assess, and revise the Ally Training Program, as well as, develop a supportive culture of growth and excellence among one another.

If you’d like to apply to the program, begin by filling out the application below. Those selected will be informed by Friday, May 4th 2018.

If you have further questions, please feel free to reach out by emailing us at

Ally Training Ambassador Application


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Reliance Jio to launch world’s cheapest 4G VoLTE-enabled phones

Reliance Jio has gained immense popularity within just months of its launch, and one of the most important reasons for the same are its LYF smartphones, which offer VoLTE support for as low as Rs 3,000. However, in a bid to reach more consumers, the operator might be launching even more affordable 4G VoLTE-capable offerings. Interestingly, while the previous rumours have indicated that Jio might be introducing feature phones under the LYF Easy moniker, as per new reports, the phones will be Android-powered. However, the difference would be that these handsets won’t have a touchscreen, and would offer numeric keypads instead… similar to feature phones.

Initially, two phones would be launched between January to March next year, priced affordably at Rs 1,000 and 1,500 – making them the world’s cheapest phones with 4G VoLTE compatibility. Reliance Jio is reportedly partnering with Indian phone maker Lava and China’s Transsion which operates under the Itel brand for manufacturing these devices. The VoLTE capabilities in the phones would be added by sourcing chipsets from Spreadtrum, although the company is also in talks with Qualcomm and MediaTek. The report further suggests that Mukesh Ambani-owned Jio would be subsidising the manufacturing cost, as the phones would cost around Rs 2,500 to make. They are likely to be launched between January and March next year.

While the specs of the phones aren’t revealed, the report claims that they’ll sport cameras at the back as well as the front. Along with offering fast 4G access, consumers would also be able to use the devices to enjoy unlimited voice and video calls for a lifetime. It must be noted that Reliance Jio is the only telco to support VoLTE calls, though Airtel is also planning to launch this capability soon. Buyers would also get a free subscription to Jio’s app suite which includes apps such as JioMusic, JioCinema, JioMags, etc.

Reliance Jio has become the fastest telecom operator in the world to reach 16 million users. This move will surely help it to target rural areas and tier-III cities and meet its ambitious goal of 100 million subscribers in the shortest time possible.

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About US

World of Internet is ever growing and may have already passed your company, You can also realize that your strategy becoming silent in era of Digital Marketing and Advance Technology World.

So here we comes to hold your hand and Guide you step by step to give a branding to your business. We have a team of talented people who are managed all of your work like Web Development, Web Designing, Mobile App Development, Digital Marketing work so that’s why you can just focus on your business and grow it up with our hand holding.

Service that we providing…

  • Web Design & Development
  • WordPress Websites Development
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  • Web Applications Development
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  • Website Promotions , SEO , SMM , PPC
  • Graphics Designs
  • Billing Softwares
  • GST Softwares

If anyone have any requirements please get in touch with at := 8760007900 or Mail Me:- onekingvikky@gmail.com. Thanks.

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Funding Appeals

We will be listing all our current funding needs in this section and will be most grateful for your financial support.  All donations are appreciated; irrespective of how large or small.  As a registered Non-profit and Public-Benefit Organisations all donations to SanWild is fully tax-deductible in South Africa.

Donations made in the USA can be done via Wild Africa Conservation Fund to get a full tax benefit.  100% of the funds received will be sent to SanWild as their preferred charity.  For more information please email

Please click here to see our most recent funding appeals