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Delco’s Mini Max Award winners

I was meaning to post this over the weekend (better late than never).

Congrats to all recipients.

The winners are…

Sal Bello, QB, Archbishop Carroll

Joe DeMaio, WR/DB, Cardinal O’Hara

Matt Donoghue, OL/DL, Garnet Valley

Mike Dougherty, LB/FB, Springfield

Shane Dougherty, LB, Ridley

Matt Galambos, LB/RB, Haverford School

Adam Strouss, QB, Episcopal Academy

The Mini Max Award is presented to football players in the Greater Philadelphia and South Jersey region who exhibit excellent academics, outstanding football performance and a strong commitment to community service.

This entry was posted in Mini Max Awards by mattsmith. Bookmark the permalink.

About mattsmith

Matt Smith is an award-winning local sports writer for the Delaware County Times. A Delco native, Matt's covered local, pro and college sports at the Delco Times since 2006. In 2013, he won a Pennsylvania Keystone Press Award for Best Sports Coverage. Follow him on Twitter @DTMattSmith

3 thoughts on “Delco’s Mini Max Award winners

  1. Congrats to these players. Great to see them involved with community serve and focused on their grades as well as being great athletes.

    The Maxwell Football Club will select one player from the group of Mini Max winners as the winner of the Pennsylvania High School Player of the Year. The Pennsylvania High School Player of the Year will be announced on January 10, 2013 at their awards dinner.

    As Matt posted, these are the Delco winners. There were 51 Mini Max winners for Districts 1,3,11 and 12 in the eastern half of the state.

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Color Schemes

This Demonstration shows a palette of five, six, or seven colors based on your choice for a starting color from the displayed color wheel and a color scheme (monochrome, analogous, complementary, split complementary, triadic, or tetradic).

  • [Snapshot]
  • [Snapshot]
  • [Snapshot]

Color schemes are based on the principles of color theory. Colors are produced in hue, saturation, brightness (HSB), so that the hue is cyclical, allowing for simpler palette functions.
More information on color theory can be found in [1].
[1] Tiger Color. "Basic Color Schemes." (Jul 22, 2014) www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory-intro.htm.
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Cherry Creek North Stores Team Up For School Supply Drive

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(credit: CBS)

(credit: CBS)

DENVER (CBS4) – Stores in Cherry Creek North are teaming up to help make sure students go back to class with the supplies they need.

Janus is spearheading the school supply drive that started Monday. Stores in Cherry Creek North are setting up collection bins so shoppers can drop of supplies or make a donation.

On average students have to buy about $75 worth of supplies.

“I’ve talked to families who have said, ‘There’s just no way we do that for our kids,’ ” Tracy Donovan with Janus said. “So this is a really great thing for those families who need that kind of help.”

The collection drive runs through Aug. 17.

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Posted by on Dec 31, 2009 | 0 comments

Andrew Lackey Special: Q&A From the Readers

Here are the answers to the questions that some of you made to Andrew Lackey.

Designing Sound Reader: I have technical question regarding monitor placement and stereo imaging. In most studios (like my own) the monitors are some distance to the left and right of my two computer monitors, where most of the time on the right one the movie is displayed.

Andrew Lackey: When I have a scene of somebody walking from left to right, I tend to pan the footsteps from hard left to hard right. But too my ears, somebody is walking from the left of my studio to the right, outside the screen borders.

How do you deal with this problem? If it’s for television, do you mix as if the speakers are right next to the screen? And do I need additional speakers right next to one computer screen to check the stereo image?

It is definitely important to have a screen in the center dedicated to video. Most studios have two monitors for the DAW and one in the center for a video. I usually elevate my video display by hanging it on the wall and placing the center channel underneath it…but above my computer monitors. As far as left and right…most people have the speakers set up on the outside of their tv. I actually like this because it means as a designer I have a little more room in the stereo field (off the side of the screen). So, I guess what I’m saying is that I don’t see “panning off the screen” as a big problem. If something is actually going off the screen in the video….seems reasonable to go the extra distance you have with the panner to reflect that. So, first off get your speakers set up in the optimum place…then get a feel for how the panner spread reflects the actual width of the screen and where off the screen starts. Then check your mix on another system that seems like a good non-studio target system. I use my home theater for that.

DSR: Hey Andrew… What could be the best way to study sound design online?

AL: As with anything you have to balance theory with practice. No site or class or book is going to teach you everything, but there are tons of great resources. Designing Sound is a great one. You’re path is unique and these bits of information only help you in so far as you are practicing. Find a project, research good techniques, have fun with it and repeat.

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Posted by on Dec 30, 2009 | 2 comments

Andrew Lackey Special: 11 Field Recording Tips

Sound recordists are a special breed. On a recent trip to Zambia, the safari guides were very interested in the sound I recorded of the animals and villager’s ceremonial drumming. Apparently no one ever records sounds there. Here are 11 general tips from my experience field recording for film, games, music and fun.

1) Put together a really great rig.

Building your rig is an ongoing process, and includes a whole lot more than just a recorder and a mic. If you do enough recording you’ll eventually need stuff like walkie talkies, a high quality battery charger, tools, wind protection, mic mounts, tape, zip ties and cases to carry it all. I have 5 plastic bins and 2 hard shell waterproof cases that I can load up pretty quickly. I usually don’t need everything, but on really involved sessions like cars and guns I do. Its nice knowing I’ve got everything I’m likely to need in the ‘rig’.

2) Buy a cheap handy recorder.

You can get terrific results with cheap handheld recorders like the Zoom H2. No, they are not going to knock your socks off with fidelity, but tuck this little thing in your bag and grab all those great door creaks, printer paper jams, and car alarms happening in your world. I use stuff I’ve recorded on mine all the time in my sound design. Have you ever heard an airplane toilet flush…awesome!

3) Stay Lean and Mean

Field recording is all about thinking on your feet. When recording, I like to work with as little gear as possible. I even use really short mic cables because I don’t like carrying around the extra bulk. Also, by simplifying as much as possible you are reducing the likelihood of things going wrong and focuses your attention on what matters.

4) Keep the process in perspective.

It is helpful to keep in mind the relative importance of factors to good sound recording.

Sound Source > Environment > Mic Placement > Mic type > Mic Quality > Mic Preamps > Recording Resolution

So in other words, you wouldn’t get the full benefit of your 24bit / 192khz recording if you are recording in a noisy environment. My point is that you can optimize your recordings by paying attention to the things that matter the most. Recording sessions can get pretty hectic, and its easy to get caught up in changing mic position and not realize that the wind is picking up.

5) Give midrange microphones a try.

I love my Neumanns, but they’re not the best mics for every situation. I have a number of mid range mics from Audio Technica and Shure that sound great and have useful features. Overall, mid grade mics tend to be more rugged and able to withstand tough environments. Also, you won’t cry as much if it ends up in the water or run over by a car.

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Posted by on Dec 24, 2009 | 3 comments

Andrew Lackey Special: Surviving the Crunch; Being Healthy Sound Designers

For many of us, this time of year is about spending time with family and friends; the other “half” of the life balance. I jokingly put half in quotes because that “half” can look a lot more like a sliver on the pie chart during some projects. One of the dicier topics in our industry is “The Crunch”: the final weeks or months of a project where there aren’t enough hours in the week to get everything done to the quality bar you’ve set. Audio Pros are particularly vulnerable to this problem since sound production is finessed and finalized at a very late stage in the process. I’ve worked in TV, Film, Video Games and Commercials…as an in house sound designer and as an external contractor….”The Crunch” is universal.

The prevailing opinion in the biz is ‘deal with it’…’it’s part of the job’. I agree with this, and even embrace it…to an extent. To function well on commercial products, creative right brainy people need limits…especially time limits. Crunch mode helps focus your attention, cut ideas that aren’t paying off and commit to the creative choices you’ve made.

However, there comes a point in “The Crunch” where personal well being becomes an issue. In a generalized observation gathered from myself, my peers, my mentors and younger people coming into the business, we often go over the line. Yes, “The Crunch” is part of the job, but sacrificing your health and well being is not. In this article, I offer you no guidelines; only evidence that your personal health is supremely important. This line is always up to you to define.

Two Aspects: Health and Well Being.

Health – Stress while recording a lion is good. Weeks of stress during a crunch is bad.

The sustained and habitual stress of our work sets us up for what doctors call Chronic Stress. Stress in small doses is good. In fact, it keeps you from doing stupid things like stepping out into traffic. It helps us survive very dangerous situations. The problem is that our bodies can’t stay in that state very long without doing internal damage. Chronic stress is just that. This constant state of stress doesn’t allow your body to recoup, and your cardiovascular system, digestive system, weight and mental health are all at risk. Many doctors believe this to be just as bad as a serious addiction. Look it up.

Wellness – We can all learn a thing or two from Ben Burtt.

At the end of Ben Burt’s recent acceptance speech for the Charles S. Swartz Award, he warmly and sincerely says:

“And lastly I want to urge everybody that…we know in post production you’re in a very tough business that takes a lot of sacrifice of your time and energy. I’ve never fully solved this problem, but I’ve learned over the years that you have to make time for your loved ones. That you have to try to get home for dinner and be with those kids across the table at night if you can. And I know the business doesn’t favor that kind of activity…it doesn’t put an emphasis on that. But you find in many many years that those loves ones that you leave at home, that are waiting for you, matter a lot more ultimately than the films and shows that you do. So try to find a balance there. Try to find projects that allow you to do that, or make decisions that allow that to happen. Thank you for this award its really an honor.”

Ben opened huge doors to the wonders of sound that we’re all playing in. He has had an amazing career in doing so. Yet, in a lifetime achievement award he is saying…”loved ones are more important”. This isn’t the first time any of us have heard this advice, and on some level we know balance needs to be maintained to keep ourselves and our lives functional. The fact is humans need this practice of community, commitment and belonging to stay healthy and happy. To a certain extent we build these relationships with our coworkers, but spiritual leaders, doctors, and sound design visionaries agree… spending quality time with loved one’s is at the core of content happy lives.

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Posted by on Dec 22, 2009 | 5 comments

Andrew Lackey Special: Top 5 Audio Tools for Christmas (but don't yet exist)

For the most part, Sound Designers use borrowed tools.  Most audio software has its basis in music, and through the years features have been added for linear post production and surround sound.  Particularly in the areas of interactive sound design and surround sound there are big time needs for audio software development.  Here’s my Christmas list:

1. Sample Bank Audio Designer

Protools, Nuendo, Logic are great for linear, but the vast majority of the material game sound designers do is samples.  I imagine a cross between an audio editor (like DSP Quattro, Peak or Sound Forge) and a sampler (like Battery for visual purposes).  The key feature of this tool is that the samples of a bank can be edited/processed accross the entire bank or one at a time.

So say you have a bank of 10 punch sounds.  The waveforms of all 10 samples should be visable (with zooming options).  You can edit or process destructivly on any sample or the entire group.  In a pane at the top you can also edit the bank parameters like random pitch and random volume.  Lastly, auditioning the sounds is based on the bank parameters.  So the samples would randomize as they’re being played.

Future Features:

  • Auditionable from runtime events in the game.
  • A Source audio file feature would allow the import of a source sound that could be sliced into bank samples
  • Each sample could have mulitiple tracks availible for layering…then you can automatically exporet a mix down.

2. True Surround Delay Plugin

I don’t want to gripe too much, but when it comes to plugins developers seem to completely overlook the post market.  I mean seriously how many stereo vintage compressors do we need?  So to start off with, I’d just like a simple 5 channel multi tap delay with feedback.  Mono in 5 channel out.

3. True Surround Whacky Effects Plugins

Ok now that we’ve got delay, how about an oscillator modulating the azimuth of the surround field and the pitch of a sample.  Or what about if you panned a sound directly into the center of the room and put an LFO on the radian and the frequency of a notch filter.  Come on people you know what I’m talking about….crazy stuff….this would frickin’ awesome!!!   True canyon echos, waves rippling on a pond, helicopter blades, supernova’s radiating out in all directions.   I basically want Pitch/Time Blender 5.1…come on Sound Toys.

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Posted by on Dec 16, 2009 | 0 comments

Andrew Lackey Special: Dead Space [Exclusive Interview]

Dead Space is one of my favorite videogames and the sound there is really amazing. We have already seen good info about the sound of Dead Space, but here are some more specific questions from an interview that I had with Andrew Lackey, Check it!

Designing Sound: First of all, tell us exactly what was your job on Dead Space.

Andrew Lackey: I was one of three sound designers on the project along with Dave Feise and Dave Swenson. Don Veca was the Audio Director. I came onto the project as the prototyping phase ended and full production started. Most aspects of the game’s sound was a team effort shared across the audio team. I did the boss fights (Hivemind, Leviathan, Drag Tentacle and Brute) several characters (Divider, Exploder), the scripted sequences (like the elevator in Ch1), and cinematics (like the opening of Chapter 1 and the end of the game). I also helped with the foley, ambiences, props, physics items and weapons.

DS: What was the collaboration like between the sound team and the development team?

AL: The audio team was really tightly integrated into the overall process, and sound was a major part of the design from beginning. We were given ample opportunities to weigh in on design, and occassionally we took the lead on desgining the experience of a section of the game. In Ch 1, we knew that Issac was going to recieve the Cutter weapon after escaping the slashers in the elevator. This was a high tension moment and we wanted to shift into a really creepy messed up vibe in the workshop. We constructed this “beyond the walls” kind of dramatic scene with sound effects, music and voice to lead into Issac’s first fight with a zombie. This is an example of how we as the audio team not only designed the sounds, but did a fair bit of level design in key places to pull off dramatic events. This kind of thing is everywhere in the game. Ideas like this could come from anywhere, and usually required the collaboration of several people in other departments and the audio team.

DS: You did all the boss fights… How was you approach to sound design on each of these fights? Could you give us some examples?

AL: For the boss fights, I worked really closely with game play producers, animators and engineers. They would get a prototype of the boss working in a white box (a isolated testing map not yet integrated into the game.) I would get a run through of how the Boss fight was supposed to go, and how the player needed to play it in order to beat it. Since the game is quite dark overall, we looked for opportunities for “Audio Tells” in every fight that would reinforce a sucessful tactic by the player. Size, ferocity and bad ass-ness are usually really important for a boss, but its really really important to clue the player in to when they’ve hurt the boss as well. For creatures that aren’t bi-peds, the animators are limited in how the characters express pain. For the Leviathan, it took a few attempts to really register pain sonically and visually, but eventually we got it.

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Give your lobby a striking focal point with this reception desk with pedestal. The included pedestal fits neatly underneath the desk and has swiveling casters for mobility. A file drawer accommodates either letter or legal hanging files so that you can store a variety of documents in one convenient place.

Solid core panels with a warm finish offer classic visual strength that will instantly enhance the look of your reception area. Melamine laminate and matching PVC edge banding prevent unwanted bumps and scratches to keep it looking good as new throughout the years. Leveling glides compensate for uneven flooring, so you'll stay comfortable at work all day long. Add this sleek set to your waiting room to welcome guests in style.

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Detroit Pistons Roster Report

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Copyright 2011 NBAE  (Photo by Brock Williams-Smith/NBAE via Getty Images)

Copyright 2011 NBAE (Photo by Brock Williams-Smith/NBAE via Getty Images)

–G Rodney Stuckey is averaging 22.7 points and 8.3 assists off the bench in his last three games, including a game-high 24 points and 11 assists against Charlotte Sunday. The hot streak follows his two-game benching for disciplinary reasons. Stuckey was so effective that he played 40 minutes while starting point guard Tracy McGrady went scoreless in eight minutes.

–G Ben Gordon only scored six points backing up Richard Hamilton, but like Hamilton, he was content to be a playmaker against the Bobcats. Like Hamilton, he had six assists, just one shy of his season-high. Gordon has scored in single digits the last 11 games, reinforcing what a bust he’s been since he signed a five-year, $55 million contract prior to last season.

–F Charlie Villanueva likes playing in Charlotte. He scored 20 points Sunday, mainly on post-ups, baseline moves and run-outs as he hit just one three-point shot in six attempts. That was his fifth 20-point game but first since he had 25 during the Pistons’ first trip to Charlotte Dec. 27.

–F Jonas Jerebko (partial Achilles’ tear, right leg) underwent surgery on Oct. 8 after crashing to the floor while driving to the basket during the opening preseason game. He will not play this season.

–G Terrico White (fractured fifth metatarsal, right foot) was injured during the Pistons’ preseason opener and also underwent surgery Oct. 8. He has not played this season.

–G Will Bynum (strained right knee) has missed the last two games. He is questionable to play against Cleveland Monday.

–C Ben Wallace (sore right knee) has not played nine of the last 10 games. He is unlikely to play again this season.

–Point guard Tracy McGrady

–Shooting guard Richard Hamilton

–Small forward Tayshaun Prince

–Power forward Greg Monroe

–Center Chris Wilcox

–Point guard Rodney Stuckey

–Shooting guard Ben Gordon

–Small forward Austin Daye

–Power forward Charlie Villanueva

–Center Jason Maxiell

Copyright (C) 2011 The Sports Xchange. All Rights Reserved.

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OnStar, NORAD Following Santa Again On Christmas Eve

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Santa on radar from a 1958 Weather Bureau brochure. Wikimedia Commons photo.

Santa on radar from a 1958 Weather Bureau brochure. Wikimedia Commons photo.

To fuel your love of cars,

visit the Autos section.

  autos arrows plug v2 OnStar, NORAD Following Santa Again On Christmas Eve

DETROIT (WWJ) – Where’s Santa?

The folks in the OnStar network operations center in downtown Detroit will tell you Christmas Eve. And the North American Aerospace Defense Command is tracking Santa again too, online and by phone.

From 7 a.m. on Dec. 24 until 5 a.m. on Dec. 25, anyone with an active OnStar subscription can press the blue OnStar button in his or her vehicle to request a “Santa Update” and find out Santa’s current location.

As for NORAD, starting at midnight Mountain time Monday, Dec. 24, you can visit www.noradsanta.org and watch Santa prepare for his journey. Then, beginning at 6 a.m. Eastern time, trackers worldwide can speak with a live phone operator about Santa’s locations by calling 877-HI-NORAD or by sending an e-mail to noradtrackssanta@outlook.com.

NORAD’s “Santa Cams” will also stream videos as Santa makes his way over various locations throughout the world.

Where is Santa now? Click here to find out!

“Each year, technology plays an increasingly important role in connecting friends and families, especially during the holidays,” said Neelie O’Conner, director of OnStar subscriber services. “For the fourth consecutive year, OnStar will be a part of this tradition, helping our customers connect with Santa during this special season.”

Built on leading-edge mapping from Bing Maps and on Microsoft’s Windows Azure cloud computing platform, you can track Santa and his trusty reindeer in real-time on a variety of mobile devices with dedicated Windows Phone and Windows 8 apps, as well as apps for iOS and Android.

NORAD has tracked Santa for more than 50 years, all due to a typo in a 1955 Sears ad encouraging kids to call Santa. Now, with cutting edge technology from Microsoft, nearly 25 million people around the world will follow Santa’s journey via the web, mobile devices, e-mail, and phones.

“We had so much fun last year using OnStar to find out where Santa was throughout the night,” said OnStar subscriber Kim Miller. “Each time we got in the car, my children were excited to find out where Santa had traveled to next. It’s a great way to engage the whole family during Christmas Eve travels.”

The folks at OnStar also say Santa’s sleigh is, of course, OnStar-equipped. And it has several custom services, including:

— Reindeer Health Diagnostics: Santa can receive instant reports on his reindeer’s hunger and energy levels to make sure they’re in the best possible health for their journey.
— Hands-Free Calling: Santa will be able to chat with his elves and Mrs. Claus back at the North Pole while keeping his hands on the reins and his eyes on the sky.
— Turn-By-Turn Navigation: OnStar will provide Santa with hands-free, directions to all the Christmas Eve destinations on the “nice” list.

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Coordinates from a sensor event will be remapped based on the angle.

#include <bps/sensor.h>
BPS_API int sensor_remap_coordinates(int angle)

BlackBerry 10.0.0

The angle (in degrees) to base the remapping off of. Must be a value of 0, 90, 180, or 270. A value of 0 effectively disables remapping.

libbps (For the qcc command, use the -l bps option to link against this library)

The x, y, and z values are based off of an angle of 0. After calling this function, getting axis values from events will automatically be corrected based on the provided angle.

The initial angle of the application is provided in the "ORIENTATION" environment variable. That value can be converted to an int and passed into this function.

On a rotation event, the new angle will be provided in the event, it can be extracted and passed into this function.

BPS_SUCCESS upon success. Otherwise, BPS_FAILURE with the errno set.

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The Military

Submission + - Pentagon Wants Disposable War Satellites

Hugh Pickens writes writes: "BBC reports that the Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) has invited manufacturers to propose squads of disposable mini-satellites costing about $500,000 each capable of providing reconnaissance to soldiers at the press of a button. "We envision a constellation of small satellites, at a fraction of the cost of airborne systems, that would allow deployed warfighters to hit 'see me' on existing handheld devices and in less than 90 minutes receive a satellite image of their precise location to aid in mission planning," says the agency. The US Army already has access to drone aircraft to provide intelligence from the skies and last year announced that new helicopter-style machines equipped with 1.8 gigapixel cameras will soon go into service in Afghanistan. However, Darpa says such unmanned aircraft cannot cover extended territory without frequent refuelling. The SeeMe constellation will consist of some two-dozen satellites, each lasting 60-90 days in a very low-earth orbit before de-orbiting and completely burning up, leaving no space debris and causing no re-entry hazard. "With a SeeMe constellation, we hope to directly support warfighters in multiple deployed overseas locations simultaneously with no logistics or maintenance costs beyond the warfighters' handhelds," says program manager Dave Barnhart."
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Pentagon Wants Disposable War Satellites

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HIS Teases New Radeon R9 280X IceQ Boost Clock Graphics Card

HIS is glad to introduce one more high-end solution: the Radeon R9 280X IceQ Boost Clock graphics card that is targeting high-performance PC systems. The model employs turbine-type cooling system with a branded IceQ cooler. It consists of a voluminous copper base (35x28 mm), an aluminum heatsink, four nickel-plated heat-pipes (2x 8 mm and 2x 6 mm), as well as a single 80 mm turbine fan. Such cooling is ideal for multi-GPU configurations in AMD CrossFireX mode, since the distance between adapters does not influence the efficiency of their fans.

The new-comer is based on AMD Radeon R9 280X GPU (28 nm, GCN) with 2048 stream processors. It runs at standard frequencies: 850 MHz – nominal and 1000 MHz – dynamic. Memory is introduced by 3 GB GDDR5 modules, which run at standard 1500 MHz frequencies and reach some 6000 MHz effective index.

To continue, HIS Radeon R9 280X IceQ Boost Clock features four connectivity interfaces: a pair of mini-DisplayPort ports, one DVI-I and …

XFX Teases Radeon HD 7990 Triple Dissipation Graphics Card

XFX has introduced its own version of Radeon HD 7990 — a top-tier graphics adapter from AMD. As distinct from the other companies that incorporated only some inconspicuous changes into their products, XFX has approached to the card’s modification with a violent zeal. As a result, today everyone has a chance of examining its Radeon HD 7990 Triple Dissipation card that employs two Tahiti XT GPUs, elaborated on Graphics Core next architecture.

Each Tahiti XT chip comes with 2048 stream processors and 3 GB of GDDR5 memory. This implies that the total memory capacity makes up 6 GB. GPUs run at 950 MHz clock frequency, but have the potential of achieving 1000 MHz frequency on overclocking. As for the memory, it employs 384-bit bus and runs at an efficient 6 GHz frequency.

To continue, all the components of Radeon HD 7990 Triple Dissipation are housed on an original PCB, designed by XFX. Connection with the PSU is realized via a pair of 8-contact power sockets. The rear …

KFA2 Introduces Shortcut GTX 960 OC 2 GB Video Card

KFA2 comes out to the European market with a shortcut version of Nvidia’s GeForce GTX 960 adapter. The GTX 960 OC 2GB features 193x124.3x41.5 mm dimensions, compatible with small-sized PC cases (mini-ITX form-factor). Despite an unusual design, the model offers five video outputs: three DisplayPort, one DVI-I and one HDMI 2.0. The new-comer will be available from retailers at 199 EUR price tag.

KFA2 GTX 960 OC 2GB is based on GM206 GPU with 1280 stream processors, 10 SMM, and 64 ROPs. It operates at heightened clock frequencies – 1165 MHz (nominal) and 1228 MHz (dynamic). The core is supported by 2 GB of GDDR5 memory (128-bit bus) that runs at the reference 7010 MHz clock frequency. Power supply is organized by means of a 6-pin connector.

As for cooling system, it is represented by three copper heatpipes and a pair of low-noise fans. It should be noted that in standby mode the cooler totally switches off the fans in order to minimize the noise level.
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text:
Larger Than Ever, Austin’s Fun Fun Fun Fest Scores Big

By Matt Goodman, CBSDFW.COM
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img 2395 Larger Than Ever, Austins Fun Fun Fun Fest Scores Big

Fans protect themselves from dust at Auditorium Shores at Fun Fun Fun Fest on Nov. 4, 2011. (Credit: Yohan Ko)

AUSTIN (CBSDFW.COM) – By the second day of Fun Fun Fun Fest last week, at least a quarter of the attendees were veiled in protective anonymity.

Fest-goers strapped surgical masks around their mouths and noses. Hundreds of others had bandanas tied tight around the bottom half of their faces. Others got more creative, throwing on creepy bunny rabbit and Ronald Reagan (think Point Break) masks.

Meanwhile, wayfarer and aviator sunglasses served the dual purpose of blocking the sun and keeping dust particles out of corneas. The dust – particularly on that windy Saturday afternoon – would end up dominating obligatory “Oh-how-was-it” conversations in the week following the festival.

The only thing the artists mentioned more than the hazy dust clouds was Danzig’s now-infamous diva episode, wherein the former Misfits chieftain took the stage 45 minutes late in what festival booker Graham Williams would later describe as “the HANDS DOWN biggest rock star moment we’ve ever dealt with.”

For the festival’s sixth year, organizers traded the backdrop of the Capitol for that of Town Lake, moving from one end of downtown at Waterloo Park to Auditorium Shores.

The move was a smart one: The Orange Stage – which hosted indie-friendly fare for 95 percent of the festival until Slayer closed it out Sunday – was massive, handled sound well and provided a beautiful view of downtown Austin.

It also hiked capacity to 15,000 from 10,000, and gave organizers more room to space the stages.

But lest we forget the drought.

And the wind.

And the dry earth.

Combine those elements with upwards of 15,000 moving parts and you’ve got that unexpected – and unwelcome – third party: Dust.

It coated throats, clothes, drinks and camera lenses. It teamed with the weather changes and whipped allergies into gear. It dominated festival tweets. But it also created an oddly fitting ambiance, adding a haze to the neon lights pouring off the stages, lingering above mosh pits long after the last shove.

As the festival grows – and let me tell you, it’s grown a lot in its six years – it inherently sits in the larger, more drab shadow of the behemoth Austin City Limits Music Festival, which lurches over Zilker Park every October.

But give credit to Transmission Entertainment and others behind the festival: They’ve worked hard to build its reputation by employing a smart curation-minded mentality that builds confidence and excitement among music fans that often don’t have a chance to see such disparate acts packed together in one weekend.

For the uninitiated, Fun Fun Fun Fest, which was held Nov. 4 – Nov. 6, featured four stages in separate parts of the festival grounds. Comedy acts – and a wedding this year, bizarrely enough – took the Yellow Stage. Punk and metal – sans Slayer – raged on at the Black Stage. Friendly indie and alt-country found a home on the large Orange Stage, and hip-hop and electronic acts had the Blue Stage.

It’s always been a smart way to schedule the annual music festival because of the setup’s inclusivity: Don’t want to bear witness to Public Enemy’s somehow-still relevant political polemics?  Passion Pit’s just a few hundred yards to your right. Nobody’s going to judge you for wandering over.

As such, FFF has felt like the booking strategy set commercial viability aside for quality. And its rapid growth is evidence that the fans respect that and want to be a part of it.

For attendees, shaking off hangovers and getting an early start was practically a requirement.

On Friday, Omar Souleyman’s Syrian electronica pulsed through a packed afternoon crowd at the Blue Stage. Starkly dressed in a black robe, aviators and a keffiyeh – a traditional Arab headdress – Souleyman fired through a dizzying set of Middle Eastern techno.

Souleyman’s live show is a two-person affair, with Omar taking over vocals as well as the role of a straight-faced dictatorial dance commander. With the microphone jammed in his armpit, Souleyman clapped along to the music with a stern, unflinching facial expression before retrieving the mic and jutting back into sing-speaking his Arabic vocals.

These early afternoon sets often booked challenging, forward-thinking artists; Houston-based B L A C K I E contorted his nearly-naked body on top of the monitors during his Sunday afternoon time slot, crawling over the security barrier to perform his visceral shout-rap in the middle of the audience.

An hour later, Alabama-based G-Side would offer up a sampling of its spacey, trunk rattling Southern rap. Emcees Young Clova and ST Two Lettaz were backed by the beautiful, soulful voices of Joi Tiffany and pH, further separating their unique brand of hip-hop from their peers.

Heartless Bastards’s remorse-tinged alt-country was an ideal soundtrack to take in while enjoying a beer Friday afternoon before the wind and dust became synonymous.

Nearly 24 hours later, M83 started its set on wobbly footing but finished with a powerful thrust forward. Early on, songwriter Anthony Gonzales’s microphone continually dropped out: His strained facial expressions showed he was putting much effort into something the audience couldn’t hear, just like the band’s lighting rig, which flickered throughout the set but was drowned out by the daylight.

By the end, though, it didn’t matter: “Steve McQueen” bled into “Midnight City” and M83’s hazy, feedback-driven shoegaze pop had conquered the festival’s biggest daytime turnout.

These sort of moments of immersion came to define the festival. During Public Enemy, the ever-energetic Flavor Flav proved more than capable with a guitar strapped around his neck and with drumsticks embedded in his palms. “The Magic Johnson of the stage,” his partner Chuck D proclaimed.

And halfway through the Hot Snakes’s blistering reunion set, a toddler appeared on stage. She danced while John Reis and Rick Froberg blazed through a sampling of their three albums. Coached by Black Lips guitarist Ian St. Pe, the toddler scooted in front of the band and somehow took the spotlight off the freshly reunited kings of speed-rock.

Paul Mahern of the Zero Boys hopped the barricade at the Black Stage Sunday and joined the youthful circle pit that broke out after the first guitar riff. Flying Lotus flipped Jodeci’s “Freakin’ You” into a space-aged sex jam before retuning Waka Flocka Flame’s excellent “Hard in Da Paint” into a cosmic crunk dance tune.

We saw The Damned play every-single-song off legendary Damned, Damned, Damned while Spoon lead singer Britt Daniel lamented that he had to play instead of see the U.K. punkers revel the night away at the other end of the park.

And maybe that’s what makes Fun Fun Fun Fest so … fun. That despite the dust, despite Danzig’s poor showing, despite the hours-long Where In The Festival Grounds Has Ryan Gosling Gone game, everybody from the media to the artists were genuinely excited to hear the music.

During ultra-headliner Slayer, a man sporting a faded tour shirt he claimed to have bought in 1987 was wide-eyed as he exclaimed he hadn’t seen them since; that this was a moment he wasn’t going to forget. Smiling, he geared up to make another exclamation when the opening of “Angel of Death” sliced through the short silence.

His words morphed into a screech and he was soon facing the stage, his hand shaped into devil horns, pointed toward the sky.

All dust aside: This was fun, all right.

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text:
Pete Schulte

(credit: KRLD News/CHuck Schechner)

Dallas Police Chief Considers Body Cams For All Officers

Dallas police may be on the verge of adding body cameras to every officer on the street.

CBS 11–10/25/2013

Close-Up Of Mosquitoes

Mosquito-Fighting Plan Allows Access To Private Property With No Warrant

With West Nile season approaching soon, there’s a controversial bill in the state legislature that would give the government more power to kill mosquitoes

CBS 11–02/08/2013

A close-up image from the office of attorney Pete Schulte, whose outer window was shattered by a bullet Friday afternoon.

Problems Persist At Dallas 911 Call Center

There are more questions about the Dallas 911 system, after it took police more than an hour to respond to bullets fired through the window of an office building off Central Expressway.

CBS 11–12/03/2012


text:
Jessica Stockholder

Jessica Stockholder: Your Skin in this Weather Bourne Eye-Threads and Swollen Perfume

October 5, 1995 - June 23, 1996

Photo credit: Cathy Carver.

Photo credit: Cathy Carver.

Jessica Stockholder's highly improvised free-form installations incorporate a brilliant, often lyrical palette and a diverse range of materials and found objects.

Support for this project has been provided by the National Endowment for the Arts, a federal agency, Washington, D.C., and the members of the Dia Art Council, the major annual support group of Dia Center for the Arts, and the Dia Art Circle.

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Toward Engineering a Novel Transplantation Site for Human Pancreatic Islets

  1. Paul de Vos
  1. Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
  1. Corresponding author: Alexandra M. Smink, a.m.smink{at}

Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. A real breakthrough was reported when the Edmonton protocol was introduced in 2000. This protocol induced insulin independence in diabetic patients for 1 year (1). Although these clinical islet transplantations demonstrated the application of the technique, the long-term function of the islet grafts was not that successful. After 2 years, less than 50% of the patients remained insulin independent. Five years following transplantation, this declined to just 10% (1). In recent years, some groups demonstrated remarkable progress in islet transplantation outcomes (2), and experienced groups have been able to produce insulin independence after transplantation of islets from a single donor by controlling all known parameters for optimal islet donation (3).

Recently, a number of groups have focused on the identification of factors determining success or failure of islet grafts. Various signs point to the transplantation site as a major factor in graft failure. The majority of islet transplantation is currently accomplished by the infusion of islets into the liver via the portal vein. Several alternative sites were investigated in animals and humans for efficacy as transplantation sites for islets, but none adequately accommodated islet engraftment. A rather novel approach that has been investigated recently is the engineering of an artificial site by using biopolymeric scaffolds. These scaffolds facilitate revascularization and allow adequate glucose sensing and insulin release. Recent developments in this area are reviewed in this article because of their potential clinical application.

The exact causes of islet graft failure remain to be identified, but high metabolic pressure, recurring autoimmunity, and alloimmunity may be the basis of declining graft function over the long term (2,3). However, a key issue that cannot be explained by these responses is that the vast majority of islets are lost in the period shortly after transplantation (4). Limitations of the liver as a transplantation site have therefore received considerable attention during the past decade. The potential inadequacies of the liver as a transplantation site for human islets are discussed below because of their essential role in islet grafts.

Adequacy of vascularization.

Ideally, the transplantation site should allow rapid vascularization of the tissue in order to keep the ischemia period between transplantation and revascularization as short as possible. Studies in rodents suggest that the liver meets this requirement because rodent islets in the liver allow rapid restoration of normoglycemia and adequate control of metabolism (4). There is, however, a key difference between humans and rodents that might make extrapolation of these data challenging (Fig. 1). Rodent islets are relatively large in proportion to liver veins. The size of rodent islets varies between 100 and 350 µm, while the average liver vein is 500 µm in diameter. Vascularization is proposed to occur by islets, causing local thrombosis with ischemia and fast tissue repair responses. Revascularization and integration in the liver parenchyma are consequences of these responses (4), which take several days. In humans, the situation is very different. Islets are 100–200 µm in size while the average liver vessel is 10 mm. This implies that the islets are small relative to the vessels. In order to be caught in the liver, the relatively small human islets have to adhere to blood clots that adhere to the walls of the liver veins. The resulting process of remodeling and vascularization occurs much slower in humans than in rodents (4). A significant loss of islets due to ischemia may be a consequence.

FIG. 1.

The principal difference between human and rodent intraportal islet infusion. Rodent islets are relatively large in comparison with the liver veins. Therefore, these islets are instantly trapped in liver veins and cause local thrombosis, which results in vascularization. Human islets are relatively small in proportion to the veins. In order to be trapped and induce vascularization, these islets adhere to blood clots that adhere to the walls of the liver veins.

Low oxygen tension in the liver.

The ischemia-induced loss of viable β-cells may be enhanced by low oxygen tension in the liver parenchyma (Fig. 2) (5). Even in rats where the process of vascularization is fast, 50% of the islets are lost due to hypoxia during the posttransplantation avascular period (6). Another hypoxia-associated threat is that a microenvironment of hypoxia triggers the innate immune system, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β. In turn, these damage the islet grafts (7). And, last but certainly not least, recent insight suggests that human β-cells under hypoxic conditions may dedifferentiate and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition under the influence of hypoxia-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) (8). HIF-1α mediates Twist expression, which contributes to the development of progressive fibrosis (8). All these processes may impair adequate engraftment in the liver, thereby reducing long-term graft success.

FIG. 2.

Islet loss by hypoxia. The low oxygen tension of the liver parenchyma enhances hypoxia (4). Hypoxia triggers the innate immune system resulting in the release of the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which are harmful for islets (7). Furthermore, β-cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition under hypoxic conditions. This transition is provoked by HIF-1α activation, which mediates Twist expression (8). Twist expression contributes to the development of fibrosis.

Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, alloreactivity, and autoimmunity in the liver.

Many studies suggest that the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is responsible for the loss of islets in the immediate posttransplantation period (9). IBMIR is an immediate thrombotic reaction that occurs after direct contact between islets and ABO-compatible blood. This reaction is triggered by islet-derived chemokines and tissue factor (9). IBMIR involves activation of coagulation and the complement system, and induces rapid binding of platelets to the islet surface (Fig. 3). The activated platelets generate a fibrin capsule around the islets that results in islet entrapment in blood clots. Although this may be beneficial for vascularization, there is also a deleterious process that may be activated. Activated platelets upregulate P-selectin expression to attract and interact with neutrophils and monocytes (10). Thrombin, tissue factor, fibrin, and fibrinogen may directly affect macrophages. All these interactions catalyze the inflammatory reaction (10). Unstressed islets secrete lower levels of tissue factor and inflammatory mediators. The use of unstressed islets can therefore mitigate the IBMIR. Further, the coating of islets with anticoagulation factors such as heparin, nicotinamide, or statins can circumvent this reaction (10). However, this may not be enough to prevent an immune response.

FIG. 3.

IBMIR. This inflammatory reaction is elicited by direct contact between islets and blood (9). A: Islets express tissue factor (TF), which activates a thrombotic reaction. B: Thrombin forms fibrin capsules around the islets and activates platelets, which bind to the islets. C: Activated platelets upregulate P-selectin markers resulting in the infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes. Also, thrombin stimulates the activation of granulocytes and monocytes. In addition, platelet-activating factor produced by portal endothelial cells and complement products serve as chemoattractants for more neutrophils and macrophages. Tissue factor, fibrin, and fibrinogen may directly affect macrophages.

A recent study (11) with freshly isolated human islets demonstrated expression of a large panel of genes reminiscent of cells undergoing a marked nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent proinflammatory response. Islets expressed matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) and fibronectin 1 (FN1) (Fig. 4). These factors are involved in tissue remodeling, adhesion, and cell migration. Furthermore, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8, as well as the chemokines CXCL2, CCL2, CXCL12, CXCL1, CXCL6, and CCL28 that induce neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, were expressed. Expression of these genes was maintained after implantation in mice. Other studies have shown expression and production of proinflammatory mediators post–islet transplantation. These include macrophage migration inhibitory factor, TNF, and IFN-γ (12). This may have long-term consequences for islet survival because there is a correlation between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and human posttransplant outcomes (13). In addition, islets express ATF3, a transcription factor involved in β-cell apoptosis (11). Together, these data demonstrate substantial involvement of the innate immune system in islet graft failure.

FIG. 4.

Nonspecific, innate, and adaptive immune responses against human islet allografts in the liver. Nonspecific immunological responses such as IBMIR have been well-characterized but human islets provoke more responses in the immediate posttransplant period. After isolation, human islets express MMP1 and FN1, which are involved in tissue remodeling, adhesion, and cell migration (11). Also the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 are expressed as well as the chemotactic chemokines CXCL2, CCL2, CXCL12, CXCL1, CXCL6, and CCL28 that induce neutrophil and monocyte recruitment (11). These—but also other proinflammatory mediators such as MIF, TNF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1—have been shown to influence graft survival by activating the innate immune system (13,14). In addition, human islets express ATF3, a transcription factor that plays a role in β-cell apoptosis (14).

Many of the islet-derived cytokines and chemokines also have chemotactic effects on the innate immunity in the liver. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells (Kupffer cells) can migrate to injured islets and contribute to their destruction (14). Although injured islets do not necessarily contribute to the development of alloreactivity (14), it has been shown that both humeral and cellular adaptive allogenic immune responses in the liver are involved in human islet graft rejection.

An increased frequency of antidonor-specific cytotoxic T-cell precursors as well as pretransplant HLA sensitization and donor-specific antibodies are associated with accelerated graft failure (3) (Fig. 5). Bosi et al. (15) demonstrate a correlation between newly formed autoantibodies and accelerated risk of graft failure. However, islet graft failure can also occur in the absence of increased autoantibody, suggesting that the autoimmune humeral response is not a crucial factor in islet graft failure. The presence of the pretransplant autoreactive cells are considered to be more important. When the activity of T-cells specific for islet autoantigens such as insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA2) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) (16) is high, grafts are more likely to fail. If immunosuppression is effective, recipients will develop an allograft-specific cytokine profile skewed toward a T-helper 2 or regulatory phenotype.

Maintaining a regulatory phenotype in the liver might be complex because the liver contains abundant NKT cells (17). A special feature of the NKT cell subset is that it coexpresses invariant T-cell receptors and NK cell–related surface markers. Activated NKT cells produce large amounts of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-5, IFN-γ and TNF-β. These cytokines activate CD4 T-helper 1 cells, CD8 cytotoxic T-cells, and cells of the innate immune system (17). This immune response may be responsible for significant damage to the islets, as well as promoting efficient immune recognition and even allograft islet rejection (17).

FIG. 5.

Adaptive responses against human islet allografts in the liver. Pretransplant autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells are triggered by antigens such as IA2, GAD, and insulin (15,16). HLA is recognized by alloreactive cytotoxic T-cell precursors and antibodies (3). Furthermore, the high amount of NKT cells in the liver with alloreactivity can expedite the allograft rejection process via nonclassical MHC molecules such as CD1d. Secretion of IL-4, IL-10, IL-5, IFN-γ and TNF-β activates the CD4 T helper 1 cells, CD8 cytotoxic T-cells leading to graft failure (17). Notably, NK and NKT cells are not suppressed by the currently applied immunosuppressants.

High concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs.

Islets are exposed to relatively high concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs in the liver (3,14). However, it is not clear whether this high concentration is beneficial or detrimental to islet survival. The high concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs could be toxic and may interfere with angiogenesis and impair β-cell proliferation (3,14). On the other hand, the high levels could more effectively protect the islets from undesired responses from the immune system (14). More studies are needed to determine whether the high concentrations are beneficial or detrimental to functional islet survival. Besides immunosuppressive drugs, islets are also exposed to other circulating toxins, which are detoxified by the liver and could have a detrimental effect.

The human liver may not be the most optimal site for islet transplantation. Although other sites have been studied to avoid liver-associated problems, many of these are not acceptable alternatives. Due to IBMIR, several extravascular sites (such as the pancreas [18], gastric submucosa [19], striated muscle [20], peritoneum [21], omentum [22], bone marrow [23], kidney capsule [24], lymph node [25], spleen [26]) and a few immunoprivileged sites (27) (like the anterior eye chamber, the testis, and the thymus) have been considered as potential islet transplantation sites. These sites are discussed below in terms of their potential clinical application.

Theoretically, the pancreas is an attractive site for islet transplantation because it provides optimal oxygen tension and allows insulin secretion in physiologically relevant areas (18). Rodent and canine studies show adequate glucose metabolism and minimal inflammatory and fibrotic responses after intrapancreatic islet transplantation (18). However, islet transplantation into the pancreas is an invasive procedure that carries a high risk of pancreatitis and recurrence of autoimmunity (27). Therefore, the pancreas is not likely to be an acceptable alternative to the human liver.

Animal experiments also show adequate islet function after grafting in the gastric submucosa (19). The submucosal space provides rapid revascularization because of its dense vascular network. It also provides the advantage of easy access by endoscopy, and it simulates physiologic glucose sensing (19). Outcomes of animal models however are not yet translated to the clinic. Although it might be an attractive site, human studies are needed.

Striated muscle provides high vascularization, easy accessibility, monitoring with routine biopsies, and minimal surgical complications. This site has been tested in the clinic for islet autotransplantation after chronic pancreatitis (28). Studies of intramuscular islet transplantation show improved revascularization compared with liver transplantation as well as sufficient oxygen tension (20). However, central necrosis and extensive fibrosis occurred that ultimately resulted in graft failure (20).

The greater omentum seems an ideal transplantation site because of its adequate arterial supply, portal drainage, easy accessibility, and large vascular network. Both transplantation in the peritoneum and the omental pouch reversed hyperglycemia in animal models, but high numbers of islets were needed to achieve these results because of the considerable loss of islets (21,22). This makes clinical transplantation in the peritoneum or omentum, where scarce donors are applied, unrealistic.

The bone marrow has received much attention during recent years. The bone marrow is relatively easily accessible and well vascularized. Rodent studies showed efficient and safe islet transplantation into bone marrow (23). No human data are available, but a clinical pilot is ongoing in Italy (27).

Islet transplantation under the kidney capsule of animals results in normoglycemia despite the relatively poor blood and oxygen supply (24). However, the kidney capsule remains clinically irrelevant as a transplantation site due to the required invasive surgery, the limited space for the transplant mass needed for reversion of diabetes, and the possible induction of diabetic nephropathy (27).

Recently, Komori et al. (25) showed in mice that the lymph node might be an efficacious site for islet transplantation. This site is easily accessible with minimal invasive techniques. The dense vasculature of lymph nodes provides direct access to nutrients and oxygen. However, the lymph node is the center of the immune system and contains large numbers of immune cells such as T and B cells. These packed lymphocytes could therefore create hurdles for clinical application.

Islet transplantation into the spleen has been shown to reverse diabetes in animal models (26). The spleen provides adequate vascularization and insulin distribution, but the spleen also contains large numbers of lymphocytes and is also associated with a high risk of bleeding. These factors imply barriers for clinical application.

To prevent graft rejection induced by the immune system, several immunoprivileged sites have been investigated (27). Successful islet transplantation is possible in the anterior eye chamber, testis, and thymus. However, these sites are not suitable in clinical settings due to the vitality and small size of the organs (27).

Despite successful animal experiments and the promising futures for some clinical trials with other transplantation sites, an optimal islet transplantation site has yet to be defined. There are multiple requirements for such an optimal site: 1) minimal activation of the immune system, 2) rapid revascularization, 3) mimicking of physiological glucose sensing and facilitation of insulin release, and 4) easy accessibility for minimal invasive surgery and follow-up of the transplant (27). A site with these characteristics will provide an optimal environment for islet survival and functioning.

An engineered transplantation site for pancreatic islets.

The human body does not contain an environment that meets the ideal requirements for islet transplantation. There are two strategies that can therefore be pursued: 1) modify an existing organ such that it meets the requirements or 2) engineer an alternative transplantation site. Modifying an organ is not without risks because it might interfere with normal functioning. The other approach—engineering a transplantation site for pancreatic islets—was proposed as early as 1996 (29). Islets can be implanted under the skin or in the peritoneal cavity with solid support devices. These devices contain a collagen IV network together with acidic fibroblast growth factor or an osmotic pump containing vascular endothelial growth factor. This was effective in inducing capillary ingrowth for rapid islet revascularization. Isogenic transplanted islets have been shown to survive and function for prolonged periods of time in the devices. However, when compared with islets in the naïve pancreas, glucose-induced insulin responses were reduced, which was associated with the loss of islets in the immediate period after implantation (30).

In the past few years a new concept has been introduced to minimize the loss of islets by ischemia or undesired immune responses. This concept involves “seeding” individual islets onto three-dimensional scaffolds. The scaffolds are made of biopolymer fibers that provide a three-dimensional support structure for the islets and mimic the pancreatic microenvironment (31) (Fig. 6). Islets engraft more effectively in three-dimensional structures than in two-dimensional structures, and the scaffold improves viability by promoting cell adherence and nutrient diffusion thereby increasing islet survival immediately after transplantation. This scaffolding also allows for local administration of immunosuppression to suppress the specific immune responses directed against the islets. In addition, a polymer scaffold prevents direct exposure to blood in the first few weeks after transplantation thereby attenuating an inflammatory response but not creating an immune barrier (31). These islet scaffolds have been shown to be efficacious in animal studies. Diabetic rodents became normoglycemic shortly after transplantation with an islet-containing polymer device (31). However, these results have not yet been translated into clinical practice.

FIG. 6.

A three-dimensional biopolymeric scaffold for islet transplantation. This polymer device can be placed in the peritoneal cavity. The device provides a three-dimensional support structure for the islets and mimics the pancreatic microenvironment. Furthermore, by adding ECM proteins such as collagen IV, fibronectin or laminin, or specific components of these ECM components, islet survival can be stimulated (31,33). The ECM also serves as depot for angiogenic and growth factors such as VEGF, which supports revascularization of the islets.

Essence of an extracellular matrix.

Surprisingly, the immediate microenvironment–the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM)–has not received much attention in the selection of an adequate islet transplantation site. However, many studies illustrate the necessity of an adequate ECM for optimal survival of islets (32). The composition of the pancreatic ECM is very specific and probably serves as a reservoir for mandatory growth factors that potentiate tissue repair and homeostasis (32). Islet survival increases when islets are cultured in ECM proteins such as fibronectin, collagen IV, or laminin (33). Also the synthetic RGD sequence (argenin-glycin-aspartic), which is present in many ECM molecules, enhances β-cell survival by decreasing the sensitivity to apoptosis (33). Combining this with collagen IV, an ECM component abundantly present in blood vessels, may at the same time facilitate revascularization (29). A functional ECM might contribute to faster recovery from the isolation stress because many ECM components function as anchors for growth factors that contribute to tissue recovery. However, this cannot be done in too high quantities because collagen IV not only enhances islets survival, it can also decrease islet functionality by diminishing glucose-induced insulin responses (34). Many ECM-derived peptide fragments (peptide fragments located on laminin α-1 chain: RGD, IKLLI, and IKVAV; laminin γ-1 chain: LRE; laminin β-1 chain located: PDSGR and YIGSR; and type 1 collagen α 1(I)-CB3 fragment: DGEA) and growth factors have been shown to enhance β-cell survival and function (35) and might even lead to a significant reduction in the amount of islets and donors required to cure diabetes. Such reductions require further consideration because they might be important for advancing the islet transplant field. The overall shortage of donor organs remains a major challenge, particularly for the widespread use of islet transplantation. Multiple donors are required, and the islet yield and success rate are determined by factors such as the health status of the donor, the condition of the pancreas, the mode of transport, and the quality of the isolation procedure (36). Due to the low number of donors, only a small number of carefully selected patients are eligible for islet transplantation. This may change if we are able to engineer a site that not only meets the requirements described above, but also is more efficacious than conventional sites because it reduces the number of required islets. We recently showed that growth hormone–releasing agonists may be one such factor (37).

Although the principal applicability of an artificial transplantation site for pancreatic islets has been shown (38), there are a number of critical items that remain to be solved before application in humans can be considered. In previous studies from our group, we used polytetrafluoroethylene as a scaffold (30). Although inert, it was associated with strong fibrotic responses. This was solved by implanting the devices 4 weeks before the introduction of the islets. However, the introduction of the islets required puncturing and damaging of the device and immune activation. In order to meet the requirement of minimal activation of the immune system, new scaffolds should be developed. The success of any polymer as scaffold material depends on several properties including induction of severe inflammation and foreign body responses, permeability, and revascularization. The polymers should allow nonlaborious and easy engineering into different geometries, and ideally, should already be approved for human application.

A number of polymers have favorable properties to serve as scaffolding material for an artificially engineered islet transplantation site. The polymer poly(dl-lactide-cocaprolactone), commercially available as Neurolac, is one example (39). Neurolac is already U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/CE (European conformity) approved for the repair of small peripheral nerve defects (39). It degrades over 24 months by hydrolysis, and the degradation products are nonacidic (40). However, some animal and clinical studies reported a foreign body response (39,40), which should be tested for its compatibility with the functional survival of islets.

Polyactive is another candidate. This is a copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide terephtalate) (PEOT) and poly(butylene terephtalate) (PBT) and is FDA/CE approved for orthopedic medical devices (41). Polyactive is a thermoplastic polymer (42) that has mechanical and degradation properties that can be controlled by the PEOT/PBT weight ratio (42). The degradation products after hydrolysis are nonacidic and do not induce a systemic immune response (43). In animal studies, Polyactive was shown to be surrounded by capillary-rich granulation suggesting that the polymer itself contributes to vascularization (43). Although Polyactive triggered the influx of immune cells at the implantation site in animal studies (43), application of the copolymer in the clinic was not associated with any side effects, and no inflammatory or abnormal cellular response was found 1 year after implantation (44).

Polysulfone is also a promising candidate polymer that has been shown to be compatible with the survival of islets in animal models (45). This polymer is FDA approved as dialyzer, is histocompatible, associated with low cytotoxicity (46), and provides a matrix for cell growth and cell attachment. Histological analysis revealed that many blood vessels were formed on the surface of Polysulfone. However, a foreign body response was also observed (45). Whether this interferes with islet function has yet to be determined.

The responses against biomaterials are highly dependent on the site of implantation (47). Most studies have been performed in the subcutaneous tissue and the peritoneal cavity. Both sites qualify as transplantation sites for islets because they are easily accessible. A device can be placed and fixed on the abdominal wall or be fixed in the skin. In both rodents and pigs, the use of devices has shown some success (48,49), but whether this can be translated to humans depends in part on the size of the scaffold. The average islet diameter is 150 µm. Although the whole islet graft is only 1 inch in size, it should probably be seeded with more space between the islets in a three-dimensional polymeric device to allow rapid ingrowth of vessels and to avoid ischemia during revascularization. Exact calculations of the ideal size are not yet available. A three-dimensional scaffold is expected to facilitate revascularization to improve oxygenation, nutrient access, glucose sensing, and insulin release shortly after islet transplantation. As outlined above, the scaffold should contain ECM components and growth factors to enhance the efficacy of the site. What this matrix should look like has yet to be determined.

Notably, an artificial transplantation site for pancreatic islets may be applicable not only for free islets but also for islets encapsulated in immunoprotective membranes (50). Encapsulated islets are usually transplanted as free-floating grafts in the peritoneal cavity (29). This interferes with the ability to retrieve the graft and to predict the distance of the islets to the blood vessels. Artificial sites may solve both problems and may also contribute to prolongation of graft longevity which, at present, is a major obstacle for clinical application of immunoisolated islets.

A biopolymeric scaffold allows the creation of a novel ectopic transplantation site for islets. Such a novel transplantation site is needed because the liver does not provide an optimal environment for islet engraftment, and alternative sites also seem to be insufficient. This novel engineered site should meet all the requirements for an optimal transplantation site–minimal induction of the immune system, rapid revascularization, adequate glucose sensing and insulin release, and easy accessibility. This approach may lead to a significant reduction of the loss of islets because direct contact with blood and islets is prevented. Furthermore, because the site is easily accessible, it may allow for the application of local, tailored immunosuppression, which has recently been suggested as a necessary tool to manage the complex and individual differences in immune responses (14). However, the characteristics of several biopolymers should be investigated further to ensure that the polymer does not interfere with islet function or induce toxicity for islets. Engineering of a novel transplantation site is immensely important for the successful treatment of type 1 diabetic patients.

No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

A.M.S., M.M.F., and P.d.V. contributed to the design, wrote sections, and edited the manuscript.

  • Received November 8, 2012.
  • Accepted December 28, 2012.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See for details.

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long-haul adjective translate to Japanese: Cambridge Dictionary
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Translation of "long-haul" - English-Japanese dictionary

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travelling a long distance
a long-haul flight a long-haul truck
(Definition of long-haul adjective from the Cambridge English-Japanese Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
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a frame or fence for jumping over in a race

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When’s dinner? (Words for different meals)
When’s dinner? (Words for different meals)
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July 22, 2015
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exoskeleton noun
exoskeleton noun
July 27, 2015
a robotic device which goes around the legs and part of the body of a person who cannot walk and allows them to move independently and in an upright position The device, known as an exoskeleton, is strapped to the outside of a person’s limbs and can then be controlled by them.

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prohibition Pronunciation in English
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Word of the Day

a frame or fence for jumping over in a race

Word of the Day

When’s dinner? (Words for different meals)
When’s dinner? (Words for different meals)
by Kate Woodford,
July 22, 2015
Here at ‘About Words’ we’re always happy to get ideas for posts that we could write. A reader of this blog recently asked for a post on the language of meals and we thought this an excellent idea. If you are reading this post and have an idea for a topic or

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exoskeleton noun
exoskeleton noun
July 27, 2015
a robotic device which goes around the legs and part of the body of a person who cannot walk and allows them to move independently and in an upright position The device, known as an exoskeleton, is strapped to the outside of a person’s limbs and can then be controlled by them.

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text:
Hone in vs. home in? What's the difference?

[ih-vey-siv] /ɪˈveɪ sɪv/
tending or seeking to evade; characterized by evasion:
an evasive answer.
elusive or evanescent.
Origin of evasive
1715-25; evas(ion) + -ive
Related forms
evasively, adverb
evasiveness, noun
nonevasive, adjective
nonevasively, adverb
nonevasiveness, noun
unevasive, adjective
unevasively, adverb
unevasiveness, noun Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2015.
Cite This Source
Examples from the Web for evasive
Contemporary Examples
Historical Examples
  • Secure in their fastness the men of Sapri sent replies, varying from the evasive to the impertinent.

    The Story of the Guides G. J. Younghusband
  • The soldier made some evasive response to this raillery and then became silent.

    The Strollers Frederic S. Isham
  • “Surely he will be here tomorrow by the latest,” was the evasive answer.

  • He did not resent her questioning; and it did not occur to him to give her an evasive reply.

    The Wall Street Girl Frederick Orin Bartlett
  • Mary Ellen's face changed; the evasive instincts of her sex rose up.

British Dictionary definitions for evasive

tending or seeking to evade; avoiding the issue; not straightforward
avoiding or seeking to avoid trouble or difficulties: to take evasive action
hard to catch or obtain; elusive
Derived Forms
evasively, adverb
evasiveness, noun
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
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Word Origin and History for evasive

1725, from French évasif, from Latin evas-, past participle stem of evadere (see evasion). Related: Evasively; evasiveness.

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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text:
Hone in vs. home in? What's the difference?

in pr.

Related Abbreviations for in pr.

in pr.

Latin in principio (in the beginning)
The American Heritage® Abbreviations Dictionary, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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text:
Hone in vs. home in? What's the difference?

[in-uh-fen-siv] /ˌɪn əˈfɛn sɪv/
causing no harm, trouble, or annoyance:
a mild, inoffensive man.
not objectionable, as to the senses:
an inoffensive odor.
Origin of inoffensive
1590-1600; in-3 + offensive
Related forms
inoffensively, adverb
inoffensiveness, noun
1. harmless, innocuous, unoffending. Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2015.
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Examples from the Web for inoffensive
Contemporary Examples
Historical Examples
  • She was a quiet, inoffensive, worthy woman; and his friends induced him after a while to allow her to return to his house.

    Cornish Characters S. Baring-Gould
  • He appeared a pleasing, inoffensive, well-bred young fellow.

    One Of Them Charles James Lever
  • They are inoffensive because they are happy, and they are happy without knowing why: they are fulfilling the law.

  • Mr. Chase was an inoffensive man, but Mrs. Chase had a violent temper.

    The Cash Boy Horatio Alger Jr.
  • These inoffensive words caught the ear of the tough man from the East, who was pushing his way to the car platform.

    My Native Land James Cox
  • Now, across the court, in the kitchen opposite, were two inoffensive beings.

    The Paliser case Edgar Saltus
  • To an Englishman these historical landmarks are inoffensive.

    American Sketches Charles Whibley
British Dictionary definitions for inoffensive

not giving offence; unobjectionable
not unpleasant, poisonous, or harmful
Derived Forms
inoffensively, adverb
inoffensiveness, noun
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Cite This Source
Word Origin and History for inoffensive

1590s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + offensive. Related: Inoffensively; inoffensiveness.

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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text:
Hone in vs. home in? What's the difference?

landing beam

a radio beam transmitted from a landing field to enable aircraft to make an instrument landing
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
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Examples from the Web for landing beam
Historical Examples
  • When the Throg officer clicked to the alien manning the landing beam, Shann's exultation grew.

    Storm Over Warlock Andre Norton

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text:
Hone in vs. home in? What's the difference?

[mam-uh th] /ˈmæm əθ/
any large, elephantlike mammal of the extinct genus Mammuthus, from the Pleistocene Epoch, having hairy skin and ridged molar teeth.
immensely large; huge; enormous:
a mammoth organization.
Origin of mammoth
1690-1700; < Russian mam(m)ot (now mámont), first used in reference to remains of the animal found in Siberia; origin uncertain
2. See gigantic. Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2015.
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Examples from the Web for mammoth
Contemporary Examples
Historical Examples
British Dictionary definitions for mammoth

any large extinct elephant of the Pleistocene genus Mammuthus (or Elephas), such as M. primigenius (woolly mammoth), having a hairy coat and long curved tusks
of gigantic size or importance
Word Origin
C18: from Russian mamot, from Tatar mamont, perhaps from mamma earth, because of a belief that the animal made burrows
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Cite This Source
Word Origin and History for mammoth

1706, from Russian mammot', probably from Ostyak, a Finno-Ugric language of northern Russia (cf. Finnish maa "earth"). Because the remains were dug from the earth, the animal was believed to root like a mole. As an adjective, "gigantic," from 1802; in this sense "the word appears to be originally American" [Thornton, "American Glossary"], and its first uses are in derogatory accounts to the cheese wheel, more than 4 feet in diameter, sent to President Jefferson by the ladies of the Baptist congregation in Cheshire, Mass., as a present, engraved with the motto "Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." Federalist editors mocked the affair, and called up the word mammoth (known from Peale's exhibition) to characterize it.

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
mammoth in Science
Any of various extinct elephants of the genus Mammuthus, having long, upwardly curving tusks and thick hair. Mammoths grew to great size and lived throughout the Northern Hemisphere during the Ice Age.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.
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text:
Hone in vs. home in? What's the difference?

put behind one

Try to forget, make an effort not to be bothered by, as in He had to put that failed negotiation behind him and make a fresh start. [ Mid-1800s ]
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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text:
Best matches, sorted by the Matches.

1-20 of 20 possibilities

United States explorer who accompanied Peary's expedition to the North Pole and who led many other Arctic trips (1875-1946) Bartlett , Captain Bob , Robert Abram Bartlett , Robert Bartlett
Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498) Cabot , Giovanni Cabato , John Cabot
son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557) Cabot , Sebastian Cabot
United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838) Clark , William Clark
Portuguese navigator who led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497; he sighted and named Natal on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean (1469-1524) da Gamma , Gamma , Vasco da Gamma
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521) Ferdinand Magellan , Fernao Magalhaes , Magellan
English explorer who led an expedition in search of the Northwest Passage to the orient; served under Drake and helped defeat the Spanish Armada (1535-1594) Frobisher , Sir Martin Frobisher
Welsh journalist and explorer who led an expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone and found him in Tanzania in 1871; he and Livingstone together tried to find the source of the Nile River (1841-1904) Henry M. Stanley , John Rowlands , Sir Henry Morton Stanley , Stanley
3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826) Jefferson , President Jefferson , Thomas Jefferson
place from which an enterprise or expedition is launched jumping-off place , point of departure
expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States; led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark; traveled from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River from 1803 to 1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition
United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809) Lewis , Meriwether Lewis
United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry (1794-1858) Matthew Calbraith Perry , Perry
(Greek mythology) a member of the warriors who followed Achilles on the expedition against Troy Myrmidon
exploratory action or expedition probe
Shoshone guide and interpreter who guided the Lewis and Clark expedition part of the way Sacagawea , Sacajawea
adventurous expedition safari
expedition to see or hunt wild animals safari
expedition undertaken to gain information scouting trip
hunting expedition shoot
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Contact Us

Flaming Lips’ Wayne Coyne Tweets Nude Pictures of Erykah Badu

Erykah Badu
Wayne Coyne / Twitter

Wayne Coyne and the Flaming Lips are filming a video for their remake of ‘The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face,’ featuring R&B star Erykah Badu. Coyne has been tweeting pics from the shoot, many of which show a nude Badu alternately covered in glitter and a red paint that looks like blood.

The fake blood photos show Badu standing in a bathtub in front of a green screen. In other shots, she sits naked in a tub full of glitter, releasing handfuls of glitter from her clenched fists.

As he posted links to the glitter pics, Coyne tweeted, “Yep!!!!! That glitter really worked!!! And the moon and the stars!!!!”

Getting naked in videos is nothing new for Badu, who caused controversy in 2010 by removing her clothes as she strolled through Dallas in the one-take ‘Window Seat’ video.

‘The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face’ appears on ‘The Flaming Lips and Heady Fwends,’ a double album released by the Lips for Record Store Day. A select batch of those albums actually featured the blood of some of the artists who appeared on the record.

Some of the pictures from the video shoot could be considered not safe for work (NSFW). Check out the rest by clicking the button below.

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Sunday, February 18, 2007

Bellevue, PA, Feb. 16th, 2007 — Creative TreeHouse, a new artists’ collective, will host a 24-hour Creative Marathon for local artists beginning at 8pm Friday, Feb. 23rd at 517 Lincoln Blvd., 2nd floor in Bellevue and culminating with a free gallery show and sale open to the public at 8pm on Saturday, Feb. 24th, complete with free appetizers, drinks and live music.
Sponsored by Burn Energy Drink and Pat Catans, the Creative Marathon will feature artists of various disciplines creating works to help raise funds for the Creative TreeHouse, a new facility in Bellevue dedicated not only to providing artists with work space, community and support but also to supplying local businesses with a new choice for all of their creative needs, including web design, graphic design, video production and photography. Creative TreeHouse will officially open in March. More information on their services can be found at or
Doors will open at Creative TreeHouse at 8 PM on Friday, Feb 23rd for artists to begin their work. All participants will be offered a 12”x12” piece of masonite and will have 24 hours to create a piece. All art lovers are invited to attend the gallery show for free at 8pm on Saturday the 24th. All artwork will be available for sale, priced by the individual artists. Proceeds will be split evenly between the Creative TreeHouse and the artists. Artists interested in participating in the event should e-mail
Upcoming events at Creative TreeHouse will showcase local artists’ work in fashion, art, photography, and music. They also plan to host the return of 24-Hour Comics Day, pairing writers and artists to create comic books in a 24-hour period. Check their website ( or become their myspace friend ( for updates.
For additional information, Contact:
Andy Rubacky/Jesse Hambley
Creative TreeHouse
517 Lincoln Blvd., 2nd floor
Bellevue, PA 15202
Creative Treehouse to Host 24 Hours of Art

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text:
2/13/1 OM E467.S53

More Details
Permanent Link

Full TitleLetter, To: "My dear Papa" (William T. Sherman) From: Ellie, January 4, [1889].
Author Thackara, Eleanor Mary Sherman, 1859-1915.
Date Added 12 January 2014
Language English
Publish Date 1889-01-04
Source Sherman Thackara
Topic Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891.


text:
Letter, To: FB Gallagher, Esq. From: J.C. O'Brien, August 7, 1869.

These materials are owned by the American Catholic Historical Society and maintained at the Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center, 100 E. Wynnewood Rd. Wynnewood, PA 19096. For more information please see: http://www.pahrc.net/ [1/9/43] FB144 4

Main Author: O'Brien, John C.
Language: English
Published: 1869
Online Access: http://digital.library.villanova.edu/Item/vudl:248659


text:
Diana Cephas, a woman of color v. James Scott
View original image: Page  019
[missing figure]

The Court is requested to instruct the Jury
that if they find from the evidence that
a Justice of the Peace in the State ofIllinois
IllinoisIllinois has passed upon and decided that
the Plaintiff was a fugitive slave from the
state of MissouriMissouriby regular and legal
proceedings instituted before said Justice in
accordance with the act of CongressCongress
in relation to fugitive slaves that such
[ decission ] is conclusive upon the question
of slavery and they will find for the


text:
Morrison's St. Louis directory
St. Louis Directory. 279 WIL-WIN
View original image: Page  0279
Wilshusen, Cleaus, coffee house and reses Main, bnbetween Bates and
Wilshusen, , grocery and coffee house , wswest-side Christy av, bn Eigh-
teenth and Nineteenth.
Wilson, William, grocer . nsnorth-side Morgan, bnbetween Seventh and Eighth.
Wilson, James, produce dealer , 11 nnorth Levee, entrance se corsoutheast corner Com-
mercial and Chesnut, res ws Fifteenth, bnbetween Market & Clark av.avenue
Wilson, Robert M., clerk , 25 nnorth Levee, res ws Collins, near Biddle.
Wilson & Bro. , wholesale hardware and cutlery , se corsoutheast corner Main and
Olive. [See card, page 7.]
Wilson, William K., [W. & Bro.] res ss Myrtle, bnbetween Fourth and
Wilson, Samuel K., [W. & Bro.] res ss Myrtle, bnbetween Fourth and
Wilson, Lafayette, [W. & Bro.] res ss Myrtle, bnbetween Fourth and
Wilson, Charles, pork packer , res ns Harrison, bnbetween Second and
Wilson, William K., [Bolton & W.] resresidence 222 sixth, bnbetween Wash and
Wilson, J. W., telegrapher , Wade’s line, office 21 Olive, bnbetween Sec-
ond and Main.
Wilson, R. T., merchant , 196 nnorth Fourth.
Wilson, John D., resse corsoutheast corner Eleventh and Pine.
Wilson, Nathaniel, res ns Poplar, near corcorner Fifth.
Wilson, Elizabeth J. Mrs., res ss Pine, hn Fifteenth & Sixteenth.
Wilson, Philip, carpenter and builder , near corcorner Sixteenth and
Morgan resresidence 122 Fifth, corcorner Wash.Washington
Wilson, Edward, bricklayer , res ns Biddle, bnbetween Thirteenth and
Wilson, John, moulder , res ss Biddle, bnbetween Thirteenth and Four-
Wilson, Henry, clerk ,[Auld & Bros.] nw cornorthwest corner Third and Wash-
ington av.avenue
Wilson, John, coffee house , and reses Broadway, bnbetween Benton and
Wilson, John C., marble yard , 91 93, 95 Washington av, bn
Fourth and Fifth, res ns Brooklyn, bnbetween Ninth and Tenth.
Wilt, —, cooper , res ss Second, bnbetween O’Fallon and Bates.
Wimer, John M., res ws Thirteenthm bnbetween Brooklyn and Howard.
Wimer, Alexander, deputy const. , res ns St. Charles, bnbetween Eightgh
and Ninth.
Windley, Robert, grocery and resresidence nw cornorthwest corner Thirteenth & O’Fallon.
Wineland, Andrew, steamboat capt. , res ss Franklin av, bn Sixth
and Seventh.
Wing, Henry, laborer , res ss Ann, bnbetween Jackson and Levee.
Winkelmeyer, Julius, Unin Brewery , sssouth-side Market, bnbetween Seventeenth
and Eighteenth.
Winkelmeyer, Gerhard, wangon maker , shop and res ss Brooklyn,
bnbetween Ninth and Broadway.
Winn, Christian, carpenter , res ss Clark av, bn Seventh & Eighth.
Winn, John, auctioneer , res ws Thirteenth, bnbetween wash and Carr.