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Photographer:Paul Strathdee [View profile]Title:JEANIE DEANSAdded:Jan 07, 2008
Location:Rothesay, United Kingdom
Photo Category: Passenger Vessels
A photo of this Clyde paddle steamer in her Clyde days.
She was built by the Fairfield yard in Glasgow in 1931 for the London and North Eastern Railway Co. and had a totally different appearance then.
She was rebuilt in 1945/46 using the drawings for the LNER's new paddler which became WAVERLEY.
Withdrawn in 1964 she was sold for service on the South Coast of England under the stipulation that she receive a change of name and she became QUEEN OF THE SOUTH.
Many factors were against her but she did enjoy some success until she was withdrawn completely and went to breakers in Belgium.
This photo taken at Rothesay is from the camera of the late Michael Campbell a good friend of mine and an ardent JEANIE DEANS fan!
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Tuesday, August 10, 2010

Inside Mozilla's Firefox 4 Security

Content Security Policy (CSP) system will help to mitigate clickjacking

Open source browser vendor Mozilla is readying an ambitious new release of its Firefox Web browser. The third beta of Firefox 4, set to debut sometime this month, is expected to include more stability, features and performance improvements over earlier versions.

Among the areas that Mozilla is focusing on with Firefox 4 are a number of new security features that it says will make the browser even more secure than earlier versions. The new Firefox 4 browser development comes as rival Microsoft pushes its Internet Explorer 9 platform forward and Google continues to accelerate its Chrome browser development.

One of the new security features in Firefox 4 is the Content Security Policy (CSP) effort.

"Content security policy is focused on Cross Site Scripting (XSS) mitigation so it prevents injected scripts from actually running," Brandon Sterne, security program manager at Mozilla, toldInternetNews.com. "The site gets to declare a policy that the Firefox browser will then apply to the page and then any content that hasn't been blessed by the site won't be loaded or executed."

Refer here to read more details.

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Not only does ShopCookware sell an extraordinary amount of saucepan sets, we sell loose saucepans and cookware as well. This category allows you to pick and choose the sizes and types of cookware from a wide variety of brands. Picking and choosing exactly what you want allows you to build the saucepan cookware collection that exactly meets your needs. Mix a Le Creuset saucepan with a Jamie Oliver pan or try one of our state-of the art Prestige Circulon Infinite or Prestige Circulon Steel Elite saucepans ranges. For even more variety, add Stellar saucepans to your non-stick Horwood stockpot. The choice is yours.

Kitchen Cookware

Other than a decent spoon for the kitchen, your saucepan will be the most popular item in the whole kitchen. Yet all saucepans, regardless of the price or quality, need the proper care in order for them to last longer than a Christmas dinner or two. For those of us who have thrown our care guides into the bin long ago, ShopCookware has some advice on how you can care for your valued saucepan.

We keep many saucepans in the kitchen, thus our first tip is to ensure that the saucepan you use matches up to the hob you cook with for example if you have an induction ready hob then you must ensure that your saucepan sets are induction suitable. Also, keep the heat-setting on ‘medium’ instead of ‘high’ when cooking most foods. A high heat may cook faster, but food will also stick to the pan faster.

What utensils do you use with your saucepan? If you have been scraping your non-stick saucepans with metal spatulas and forks, then you are being a very bad cook indeed. Metal scrapes non-stick coating off the surface as if it were a coat of tinfoil, so avoid! Use silicon spatulas or wooden spoons on your precious saucepans.

If you have baked-on food, and wish to remove it sans scraping, then simply add a tablespoon of baking soda into a saucepan filled halfway with water. Boil this mixture and let it simmer for twenty minutes or so. The burned food will then lift from the saucepan with ease. Once the grease is gone, rub the interior with oil after washing and drying it. This will keep your saucepan looking like it just rolled off the assembly line.

At ShopCookware, the saucepans we supply are meant to last for many years. If you follow these simple guidelines, you will be able to achieve longevity with ease.


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Home > News > News >

Do you know the Bimetallic strip?

Do you know the Bimetallic strip?
Issue Time:2017-08-04

Thisarticle is about the temperature-sensitive mechanical device. For metalscomposed of a mixture of two or more chemical elements.

Diagramof a bimetallic strip showing how the difference in thermal expansion in thetwo metals leads to a much larger sideways displacement of the strip

Abimetallic coil from a thermometer reacts to the heat from a lighter, byuncoiling and then coiling back up when the lighter is removed.

Abimetallic strip is used to convert a temperature change into mechanicaldisplacement. The strip consists of two strips of different metals which expandat different rates as they are heated, usually steel and copper, or in somecases steel and brass.  The strips arejoined together throughout their length by riveting,brazing or welding. Thedifferent expansions force the flat strip to bend one way if heated, and in theopposite direction if cooled below its initial temperature. The metal with thehigher coefficient of thermal expansion is on the outer side of the curve whenthe strip is heated and on the inner side when cooled.

Thesideways displacement of the strip is much larger than the small length waysexpansion in either of the two metals. This effect is used in a range of mechanicaland electrical devices. In some applications the bimetal strip is used in theflat form. In others, it is wrapped into a coil for compactness. The greaterlength of the coiled version gives improved sensitivity.

John Harrison's Memorial in Westminster Abbey, London

Theearliest surviving bimetallic strip was made by the eighteenth-centuryclockmaker John Harrison who is generally credited with its invention. He madeit for his third  marine chronmeter of1759 to compensate for temperature-induced changes in the balance spring Itshould not be confused with his bimetallic mechanism for correcting for thermalexpansion in the gridiron pendulum. His earliest examples had two individualmetal strips joined by rivets but he also invented the later technique ofdirectly fusing molten brass onto a steel substrate. A strip of this type wasfitted to his last timekeeper, H5. Harrison's invention is recognized in thememorial to him in Westminster Abbey, England.

Mechanicalclock mechanisms are sensitive to temperature changes which lead to errors intime keeping. A bimetallic strip is used to compensate for this in somemechanisms. The most common method is to use a bimetallic construction for thecircular rim of the balance wheel. As the spring controlling the balancebecomes weaker with increasing temperature, so the balance becomes smaller indiameter to keep the period of oscillation (and hence timekeeping) constant.

Inthe regulation of heating and cooling, Thermostats that operate over a widerange of temperatures are used. In these, one end of the bimetal strip ismechanically fixed and attached to an electrical power source, while the other(moving) end carries an electrical contact. In adjustable thermostats another contactis positioned with a regulating knob or lever. The position so set controls theregulated temperature, called the  setpoint .

Somethermostats use a mercury switch  connected to both electrical leads. The angleof the entire mechanism is adjustable to control the set point of thethermostat.

Dependingupon the application, a higher temperature may open a contact (as in a heatercontrol) or it may close a contact (as in a refrigerator or air conditioner).

The electrical contacts may control the power directly (as in ahousehold iron) or indirectly, switching electrical power through a relay  or the supply of natural gas or fuel oil  through an electrically operated valve. Insome natural gas heaters the power may be provided with a thermocouple that isheated by a pilot light (a small, continuously burning, flame). In deviceswithout pilot lights for ignition (as in most modern gas clothes dryers andsome natural gas heaters and decorative fireplaces) the power for the contactsis provided by reduced household electrical power that operates a relaycontrolling an electronic ignitor, either a resistance heater or anelectrically powered spark generating device.

A direct indicating dial Thermostat (such as a patio thermometer or ameat thermometer) uses a bimetallic strip wrapped into a coil. One end of thecoil is fixed to the housing of the device and the other drives an indicatingneedle. A bimetallic strip is also used in a recording thermometer. Breguet’sthermometer consists of a tri-metallic helix.

Heat engines

Simpletoys have been built which demonstrate how the principle can be used to drive aheat engine.

Electrical devices

Bimetalstrips are used in miniature cricuit breakers to protect circuits from excesscurrent. A coil of wire is used to heat a bimetal strip, which bends andoperates a linkage that unlatches a spring-operated contact. This interruptsthe circuit and can be reset when the bimetal strip has cooled down.

Bimetalstrips are also used in time-delay relays, lamp flashers, and fluorescent lampstarters. In some devices the current running directly through the bimetalstrip is sufficient to heat it and operate contacts directly.


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finance, stocks, stock market, economics, chart, graph

Micah Past Programs

The Catholic Social Teaching Topics website was established to advance the work of social justice by making available resources and information about the Catholic social heritage. It explores the tradition of Catholic Social Teaching on human work, the environment, the global economy, politics, world order, and peace, and is grounded in certain principles that also have universal resonance across faith traditions.

Micah Seminars for Stillman School of Business Students are ongoing seminars presented in the Spring and Fall semesters to introduce a select group of students, undergraduate and graduate, to the dynamics of organizational leadership which is informed by values and social principles of the major faith traditions: the principles of human dignity, the common good, and concern for the poor. Students are introduced to new and insightful thinking and reflection processes which allow them to deepen their self awareness and assist them in integrating their primary goals and aspirations with career expectations. Thus, students are able to more critically evaluate traditional economic theory and business leadership practices. For more information or if interested in participating, contact Danute Nourse at or (973) 275-2525.

Past Micah Institute Programs

The Micah Business Leadership Program is a series of lectures, seminars, retreats, and workshops designed for business leaders, business students, and the business community. The activities are facilitated by a team of nationally recognized religious and business leaders. Business persons explore and learn how to anchor their leadership, extend their self awareness, creativity and vision, and improve the ethical climate of their businesses.

Annual Conference of the Micah Business Leadership Project

April 28, 2012
Human Dignity and the Twelve Million: The Religious, Economic and Legal Aspects of Immigration in the United States and US Immigration Policy

The Summit addressed the religious, economic and legal aspects of immigration in the United States today. Attendees included a cross-section of business, political, academic and religious leaders. The small group format offered the opportunity for reflection, as well as lively, spirited conversation. Speakers included; Dr. Anna Brown, Professor of Political Science at St. Peter's College; Greg Sullivan, Program Director of First Friends, an immigrant detainee service and Kathleen O'Leary of Pax Christi, an organization advocating a more peaceful, just and sustainable world.

Annual Conference of the Micah Business Leadership Project
April 9, 2011
Profitability and Justice: The Case of the Living Wage

Facilitated by the Arrupe Program in Social Ethics for Business, the workshop brought together business and academic leaders to focus on the issue of a living wage in the midst of the concrete demands of profitability. The program examined business perspectives on the topic, joined with theological reflection on the demands of justice in our day. The method of the workshop was experiential, focusing on the concrete experiences of the participants and sought to bring to light their living wisdom.

Annual Conference of the Micah Business Leadership Project
April 24, 2010
Contemporary Movements for Social Justice

This annual conference focused on the research and insights of Bernard J. Lonergan. During his lifetime, Lonergan wrote about the "pure cycle" of economic activity - the harmonious relations between production, consumption, finance and a standard of living reflecting the common good.

Bernard J. Lonergan Economic Summit Follow-Up Forum
November 12, 2009
Mr. Gene Ahner on Business Ethics: Making a Life, Not Just a Living

To survive, effective businessmen and women need to make more than a living; business needs to be understood as a vocation, giving a deeper meaning to activities that take up so much of our time, talent and energy. Mr. Gene Ahner explained "Business Ethics: Making a Life, Not Just a Living."

Bernard J. Lonergan Economic Summit Follow-Up Forum
October 27, 2009
Dr. Margaret Benefiel on The Soul of a Leader in Tough Economic Times

In an environment where leaders are rewarded for their drive, decisiveness, productivity and long hours, the souls of leaders may get short shrift. As a result, harm can come to the leader and, ultimately, to the organization this individual serves. Challenging the assumptions that effective leaders must sell their souls, cut corners, cook the books, and let go of their vision, a new model of leadership was presented by Dr. Margaret Benefiel.

International Summit Conference of the Micah Business Leadership Project
June 19-20, 2009
Forging a New Economic Paradigm: Perspectives From Bernard J. Lonergan

This was an eye-opening international summit conference on economics, which convened experts from the business community, academia and other fields to examine the writings and theories of renowned philosopher and theologian Bernard J. Lonergan, S.J. (1904-1984). Lonergan taught that the fundamental issue in avoiding economic booms and slumps was wide-spread teaching of a correct understanding of the economic cycle.

Faculty and Student Seminars on Lonergan Economic Thought

The William J. Toth Memorial Lecture Series

2008 Program

Topic: Spirited Leadership: Creating Organizations that Inspire the Soul
Speaker: Fr. William Byron, S.J., Author and former President of Catholic University, and Guest CEO

Annual Summit for Business Leaders
Vocation of the Business Leader, 2008
Speakers: Andre Delbecq, McCarthy University Professor at Santa Clara University; Christopher Lowney, Author of Heroic Leadership

Evening Symposium for Business Leaders
Topic: Truth, Trust and Transparency in Business and the Economy: A Bernard Lonergan Perspective
Speakers: J. Michael Stebbins and Morag McConville

Executive Retreat Program

This program was delivered in three retreats over a one-year period, 2006-2007.

I. Discovering the Examen
The first retreat introduced the executives to the Examen developed by St. Ignatius Loyola. They used the Examen, a rich reflective tool, to discover the nobility of God's call in their work. Retreatants were shown how they can use the Examen to reflect and discern God's presence in their business activity over a six-month period.

II. Applying the Examen to Your Leadership Style
The second retreat, given six months after the first retreat,  focused on the use of the Examen to enhance and develop executive leadership. At the conclusion of the second retreat, retreatants began a personal six-month experience to reflect upon their call to leadership, assessing the quality of their leadership decisions as they are made.

III. Transforming Your Business through the Broadened Horizons of Catholic Social Teaching
The third and final retreat, given six months after the second retreat, introduced the executives to the broadened horizon and principles of Catholic social teaching in their practice of the Examen. Executives learned practical ways to implement these principles in their organizational structures and corporate governance.

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Houdini 17.0 HScript commands

HScript language guide

On this page

List of HScript commands

In HScript, you can assign strings to variables with the set command:

Set a variable

set x = "hello"

Set a global variable

set -g x = "hello"

setenv x = "hello"

Unset a variable

set -u x

A variable name must begin with letter or an underscore (_), followed by any number of letters, numbers or underscores.

To use a variable in a command, prefix its name with a dollar sign ($):

> set foo = "bar"
> echo $foo

You can optionally enclose the name of the variable in curly braces ({}) to prevent the variable name from running into surrounding text:

> echo ${foo}baz

In addition, when you use curly braces HScript will expand variable references in the name before looking up its value. This lets you simulate simplistic arrays:

set foo1 = Padma
set foo2 = Mohammed
for i = 1 to 2 echo ${foo$i} end

In HScript, variables can be local or global (sometimes called system variables).

Local variables are local to the script being run. When the script is finished, the variable disappears. Local variables cannot be used outside the script in which they're defined. To create or set a local variable, use set. The variables created by the for and foreach loops are always local.

Global variables are available to all scripts and to any programs started by Houdini. To create or set a global variable, use setenv or set -g.

Variable modifiers

You can add modifiers to the end of variable names to edit the returned value. These modifiers do not change the value stored in the variable, they only change the value returned by the variable reference with the modifier.

To modify the variable value, add :code to the end of the variable name. For example:

> set afile = /home/matt/bin/foo.bar
> echo $afile:e
> echo ${afile:e}

The available codes are:

(Head) The path part of a pathname (that is, the path up to the filename).

> echo ${afile:h}

(Tail) Just the filname part of a pathname.

> echo ${afile:t}

The extension on the end of the filename.

> echo ${afile:e}

(Root) All parts of a pathname except the extension.

> echo ${afile:r}

Substitute occurrences of pattern ptrn with repl. See the :g and :a modifiers below.

> echo ${afile:s}/foo/baz/

Convert the value to uppercase. See the :g and :a modifiers below.

> set str = Hello There
> echo ${str:u}

Convert the value to lowercase. See the :g and :a modifiers below.

> set str = Hello There
> echo ${str:l}
hello there

Use the following prefixes to modify the behavior of the codes:

(Global) Treat the string as a whitespace-delimited list of strings, and apply the following code to each component independently.

(All) Recursively apply the following code as many times as possible.

For example:

set A = "foo1 foo2 foo3 foofoo4"

$A:u == "Foo1 foo2 foo3 foofoo4"
$A:u:u == "FOo1 foo2 foo3 foofoo4"
$A:gu == "Foo1 Foo2 Foo3 Foofoo4"
$A:gu:u == "FOo1 Foo2 Foo3 Foofoo4"
$A:au == "FOO1 FOO2 FOO3 FOOFOO4"

$A:s/foo/bar/ == "bar1 foo2 foo3 foofoo4"
$A:s/foo/bar/:s/foo/bar/ == "bar1 bar2 foo3 foofoo4"
$A:gs/foo/bar/ == "bar1 bar2 bar3 barfoo4"
$A:as/foo/bar/ == "bar1 bar2 bar3 barbar4"

Put the output of a command in a variable

Unlike expression functions, HScript commands are not functions and do not have return values. They just print output to the textport. If you try to assign the result of a command to a variable, as in:

set objects = opls /obj

…you’ll just get the string "opls /obj" in the $objects variable. However, you can capture the output of a command as a string and put it in a variable to achieve the same effect. To capture the output of a command, put it inside a run expression function and then use backquotes to evaluate the expression in HScript. Essentially, you're calling HScript inside an expression (to get a return value) inside HScript.

set objects = `run("opsls /obj")`
echo $objects
model ambient1 light1 light2 light3 cam1

Redirect the output of a command to a file

To redirect the output of an HScript command to a file, use >filename in the command. To append to the file instead of overwriting it, use >>filename. To redirect the error output and the standard output of a command, use >&filename.

When using the unix command to launch an external process, you may want to do redirection in the external shell instead of in the textport. Enclose the argument in single quotes to prevent the Houdini command interpreter from acting on the redirection before the external shell can see it.

unix myscript.pl '>output.txt'

Control structures

The if statement executes a block of commands if a condition is true. You can optionally test alternate conditions with else if and execute a block of code if all other conditions fail with else.

if condition1 [then]
    commands to execute if condition is true
else if condition2
    commands to execute if condition2 is true
    commands to execute otherwise

For example:

if ( $F == 1 ) then
    echo Frame One
    echo Not Frame One

Currently, statements inside the if clause must occur on separate lines. That is, statements like if ($F == 1) echo Frame One will not work.

The for statement loops over a block of statements, incrementing a "counter" variable from a start number to an end number, optionally by a certain step.

for count_variable = start to end [step stepsize]
    commands to loop

Do not add a $ before the name of the count variable in the for statement. For example:

for i = 1 to 3
    echo $i

for i = 1 to 100 step 3
    echo $i

The foreach statement loops over a block of statements, setting a variable to the next element in a list each time.

foreach iterator_variable (list_string)
    commands to loop

For example:

foreach i ( a b c )
    echo $i

foreach object ( `run("opls -d")` )
    echo Object $object

HScript does not have a real list or array type. The list the for each statement loops over is a string that HScript splits into elements the same way it parses the command line into arguments. See how HScript splits up the command line.

The while statement loops over a block of statements as long as a condition is true. while condition commands to loop while condition is true end For example:

set i = 0
while ( $i < 10 )
    set i = `$i+1`
    echo $i

The break statement exits the current loop prematurely. The continue statement ends the current iteration of a loop prematurely and starts the next one.

Condition operators

You can use these operators in the if and while structures:

Grouping, precedence.

== != < > <= >=

Comparison: equal, not equal, less-than, greater-than, less-than or equal, greater-than or equal.

&& ||

Logical and, logical or.

You can enclose HScript expressions in parentheses for clarity, but it is not necessary:

for i = 1 to 10

for (i = 1 to 10)

Quoted strings

Text inside single quotes (') is not expanded.

Text inside double quotes (") has variables expanded.

A double-quoted string is considered one argument.

A backslash character (\\) escapes the next character. For example, to use double-quotes in a string: "I had a \\"great\\" time.".

When a string doesn’t require variable expansion, use single quotes to speed up evaluation.

If you have two quoted strings next to each other with no spaces, they are considered a single argument.

For example:

set foo = "Hello world"
echo '$foo='"$foo"
$foo=Hello world

…the echo command has one argument: '$foo=Hello world'.

HScript evaluates backquotes with a higher priority than double quotes. If a double-quoted argument encloses a back-quoted string, the back-quoted string may contain double quotes without terminating the initial double quote delimiter.

For example, the string:

…is considered a single argument.

As a general rule, do not include spaces between backquotes and what’s inside them. Houdini may not evaluate them if there are extra spaces.

Everything following a # character on a line is considered a comment. To use a literal # in an unquotes string without starting a comment, put a backslash (\\) in front of it.

Splitting the command line

Houdini splits input lines into words at space characters. The special characters ; < > ( ) = form separate words and Houdini will insert spaces around these characters in unquoted strings. HScript is very lax about arguments. Basically anything it doesn’t understand as a command or option, it will treat as a string. This can be useful when not having to put quotes around something makes multiple levels of quoting easier. However, it may insert extra spaces around special characters in unquoted strings.

As a general rule, you should put quotes around strings you don’t want HScript to alter.

Using the HScript textport

The textport lets you input HScript commands and see the results. To open a new textport window, choose Windows > HScript textport. To put a textport in a pane, open the pane’s Pane menu and choose Textport.

  • Quick copy and paste: select text, then click to immediately paste it into the command line.

  • Quick help: type help command_name to print a text version of the command’s online help in the textport.

  • Type ahead: you can start typing new commands before Houdini has finished executing the current command. Houdini will execute the "buffered" commands when it’s done.

  • Scrolling: use Page up and Page down to scroll, or press to grab the contents of the window and drag.

  • Continuation: if you press Enter in a command line that’s not finished (for example, in the middle of a for loop), the command line will continue until you finish the open block (with end).

  • Command history

    Recall a previous command on the command line

    Press and to move through the history of previous commands. You can edit the text of the recalled command before executing it.

    Repeat the last command

    Type !! on the command line.

    Repeat a previous command

    Type !-num on the command line to execute the command from num entries ago. For example, type !-5 to repeat the fifth most recent command.

    Repeat the last command matching a pattern

    Type !string on the command line to execute the previous command containing string.

    View the command history

    Use the history command to print the command history.

  • Create aliases of commonly used commands

    In HScript you can use the alias command to assign are frequently used command, often with arguments, to a new command name. For example, if you find you frequently need to list the names of the objects in the scene, you can assign the command to the shorter, easier to type alias objs.

    alias objs "opls /obj"

    Now typing objs on the command line will execute opls /obj.

    HScript’s alias expansion is not as sophisticated as csh. For example, there is no recursive alias expansion; the following sequence of commands will not produce the expected result:

    alias opcd opcf
    alias cd opcd

    The cd alias will result in an unknown command "opcd" message since the alias expansion terminates after the first expansion.

    Also, HScript’s alias expansion does not include the history meta-character substitution feature of csh.

hscript standalone application

The hscript application is in $HFS/bin. Running it on the system command line will give you a console similar to the textport in which you can run HScript commands and see the results.

The hscript application lets you write batch scripts that exercise the full power of Houdini without having to start up the entire graphical interface.

Use hscript -q on the command line to suppress the version information the utility normally prints when it starts up. This is useful when you're redirecting the output of the hscript standalone process.

Create and use script files

You can encapsulate a group of commands in a script file so you can reuse its functionality. Simply create a text file containing the commands you want to run. In general, you’ll want to save the script file in the script path, for example in $HOME/houdiniversion/scripts.

In scripts, you can use the exit statement to exit the script prematurely. This exits all loops cleanly. HScript does not support setting an "exit status" like a UNIX shell, but you can use a global variable to achieve the same thing.

You can pass arguments to the script when you run it to customize its behavior. To use arguments in the script file, use $argn variables:

$arg0 is set to the name of the script as it was called.

$arg1, $arg2, $arg3, etc. are set to the arguments passed in to the script.

$argc is set to the number of arguments passed in to the script. For example, if the script is called with myscript first second third (three arguments), $argc is 3.

To do simple parsing of the command line, or to work with a variable number of arguments, you can use the shift command. The shift command removes the first argument and shifts all the remaining arguments down, so $arg1 is now what was $arg2. So, you can iterate through all the arguments by processing the value of $arg1, then calling shift to move the next argument into $arg1.

You can also read input from the user with the read command.

Run a script

Run a script in the script path. Type the script name (with the .cmd extension), followed by any arguments: myscript.cmd hello 15 Run any script file from disk. Use the source command and the filename, followed by any arguments:

source ~/myscript.cmd 1 10 hello

The Houdini script path

The HOUDINI_SCRIPT_PATH environment variable contains a list of directories to search for scripts. It includes $HFS/houdini/scripts (for factory-installed scripts), $HSITE/scripts (for site-specific scripts), $JOB/scripts (for job-specific scripts), and $HOME/houdniversion/scripts (for each user’s scripts).

If a script file is in the path, you can run the script by typing its name (with the .cmd extension) in Houdini.

Scripts in directories later in the path will override scripts with the same name earlier in the path. You can use this feature to replace factory-installed scripts (such as 123.cmd) with your own scripts by putting script files with the same name in $HOME/houdniversion/scripts.

Run scripts in response to events

Houdini runs this script when it first starts up. It does not run again if you choose File > New. This script contains a lot of code to set up the initial Houdini environment (including loading the initial geometry). If you want to change something in this file, you should copy it to somewhere higher in the script path (for example, $HOME/houdniversion/scripts) and modify that copy. 123.cmd is the startup script for Houdini FX. Other products such as Halo, Alfred, etc. use separate startup scripts in scripts/ named for the product.

Only Houdini FX runs 123.cmd. Houdini Core runs houdinicore.cmd instead of 123.cmd on startup. Both 123.cmd and houdinicore.cmd serve the same purpose but for different products.

Open or create a new scene file

Houdini runs this script after you open a saved scene. This script does not exist in a factory install. If you create it somewhere in the script path (for example, $HOME/houdniversion/scripts), Houdini will run the script whenever a new scene opens, including on File > New.

Create a node

When you create a node, Houdini runs the corresponding script in a subdirectory of scripts/.

(Some operators have scripts in the factory install that perform various tasks, including preserving compatibility with scene files from old versions of Houdini, while other operators do not have any scripts.)

This is very useful for customizing the behavior of built-in operators, or enhancing custom operators (digital assets) you create.

You can create a new script with the proper directory structure and name in the script path (for example, $HOME/houdniversion/scripts/sop/box.cmd for the Box SOP) to have Houdini run the script when you create a node with the operator.

To get the internal name of an operator, choose Tools > Operator Type Manager and look under Internally defined operators.

Delete a node

To set a script to run when a certain node is deleted, click the Gear menu in the node’s parameter editor and choose Edit deletion script.

This is useful when you create a custom operator that has associated nodes you want to delete if the main node is deleted. For example, the built-in bone objects have deletion scripts that delete supporting nodes such as the kinematic solver CHOPs if the bones are deleted. You can set the deletion script for node in HScript with the opdelscript command. Digital asset events See scripting digital assets.

Select scripts

Houdini lets you run a custom script when the user selects a particular object in the viewer. Set the object’s Select script parameter (on the Misc tab). The value of the parameter is interpreted as HScript, however you can also choose to call an external script file. Houdini runs this script when you select the object in the viewer with the Select or Pose tools. It does not run when you select the node in the network editor, or select the object as part of using another tool.

Possible uses for this feature include creating user interfaces (such as "switch" or "button" objects that change things in the scene when you click them) and debugging (using message to pop up information about an object when you select it).

Houdini runs the script in the context of the object that was selected. Use opcf .. to go up to the network level in which the selected object lives. One very useful trick is to use the opset command to set the properties (such as the display flag) of other objects when you click an object. For example, you can create a simple interface where clicking an "on" Null turns makes a group of objects visible, and clicking an "off" Null turns the objects invisible.

Houdini makes these variables available to the select script. You can use them to modify the behavior of the script. To see the the value of these variables for a given object, you can use the message command in a selection script. For example, if you put the following script in the Select script parameter of an object:

message $SELECT_NAME

…when you select the object, Houdini will pop up a window showing the object’s name.

The name of the selected object. SELECT_PATH The path to the selected object.

When these variables are set to 1 it means the corresponding modifier key was held down when the user selected the object.

Normally, a select script on an object prevents you from dragging the object directly (you must select the object, which triggers the script, then drag a handle). Unset this variable to allow the user to drag the object directly while still executing the selection script.

Unset this variable to make this node become not selected.

To unset a variable, use set -u varname.

Example script

You can also take a look at the scripts included with Houdini for examples of real-world HScript.

# Script for a guessing game (guess.cmd)

# First, get a random seed

set foo = `system(date)`
set seed = `substr($foo, 14, 2)``substr($foo, 17, 2)`

# Then, pick a random number

set num = `int(rand($seed)*100)+1`

set guess = -1
echo Guess a random number between 1 and 100.

while ( "$guess" != "$num" )
    echo -n Enter guess (q to quit): "
    read guess

    if ( "$guess" == q || "$guess" == "") then

    # Convert to a number
    set iguess = `atof($guess)`

    if ( $iguess < $num ) then
        echo Too low
    else if ( $iguess > $num ) then
        echo Too high
        echo Spot on!

echo The number was $num

Useful scripts included with Houdini

Run when Houdini FX starts up. houdinicore.cmd (formerly hescape.cmd) serves a similar purpose for Houdini Core. See event scripts.

Performs prefix and suffix substitution on node names.

Type fixnodename in the textport with no arguments to see its usage.

Takes an object name as an argument and centers that object in the viewer. This is intended to be run whenever you select a particular object. Use pickandcenter $OS as the selection script to call this script on the object you selected.

Takes the name of a command as an argument, and recursively calls that command on every node and sub-node.

Takes a base object name and a variable name as arguments, and sets the named variable to a name (constructed from the base object name plus a number) which is guaranteed to be unique at the time the command is called. You can also use the -v flag of the opadd command to get the name of a node after you create it.

Call host system commands

Use the ucd and unix commands to start the language’s runtime as an external process.

Houdini passes any global HScript variables to the external process as environment variables, and sets the status variable to the exit code of the command.

Houdini includes dedicated HScript commands to call typical host system commands, such as uls to list the contents of a directory, urm to remove a file, and upwd to print the current directory. To make your code portable to non-UNIX systems such as Windows, use these HScript commands instead of explicitly calling the equivalent UNIX utility (ls, rm, pwd, etc.).

Change the current directory ucd
Print the current directory upwd
List the contents of a directory uls
Create a new directory umkdir
Remove a file urm
Start a host system command unix

How to refer to viewers and viewports in commands

Viewers have names with the form "desk.pane.type", where:

  • desk = The name of the desk containing the viewer pane.

  • pane = The name of the viewer pane.

  • type = "world", "particle", or "texture", depending on the contents of the pane.

To see a list of all viewers, use "viewls -n". For most viewer-related commands, you can specify more than one viewer at a time, and/or use wildcards in viewer names.

A viewer can be subdivided into up to four viewports (such as top, left, front, and perspective). Viewports have names with the form "desk.pane.type.viewport", where:

  • desk = The name of the desk containing the viewer pane.

  • pane = The name of the viewer pane.

  • type = "world", "particle", or "texture", depending on the contents of the pane.

  • viewport = The name of the viewport within the viewer pane. You can change the name of a viewport in the viewport’s display options editor. To list all viewports, use "viewls -n -v" (to show what viewer each viewport is in, just use "viewls -v").

For most viewport-related commands, you can specify more than one viewer at a time, and/or use wildcards in viewer names. You can also use the name of a viewer to refer to all viewports in the viewer. For example instead of "viewcamera -c cam1 Build.panetab1.world.persp1 Build.panetab1.world.top1 ...", you could do "viewcamera -c cam1 Build.panetab1.world.*" or just "viewcamera -c cam1 Build.panetab1.world".

Most viewport-related commands work on view-memories as well as viewports. View-memories have the format "desk.pane.type:memory", where memory is a number from 1-9 or a name. The first three components (desk name, pane name, type) can have wildcards. To list all view-memories, use viewls -n -l.

The viewlayout command controls the number and layout of viewports in a viewer pane.

HScript tips and tricks

  • Use commandecho on to make Houdini print the HScript commands it executes internally in the textport.

  • Maximum line length for a Houdini command is 8 KB after all expansions.

  • Maximum number of arguments on a command line is 1024.

  • Maximum number of number of nested if statements in a single source file is 128.

  • Maximum number of source files is limited by the system limit on open files.

  • No limit for nested loops.

HScript commands

  • alias

    Creates an alias for a command or sequence of commands.

  • appendseq

    Appends a series of files to the current sequence in mplay.

  • atjob

    Execute commands at a future time.

  • audiopanel

    Changes parameters of the audio pane.

  • autosave

    Enables/disables auto saving.

  • bonealigncapture

    Aligns the capture and animation (deform) regions.

  • boneconvert

    Updates bones from old Houdini 4 hip files.

  • bonefixchops

    Cleans up any references to a bone in InverseKin CHOPs before you delete the bone.

  • bonemoveend

    Adjusts the length and angles of the given bone object so that the bone would end at the given position in the rest chain.

  • bookmark

    Add, list, or remove bookmarks.

  • break

    Breaks out of the current loop.

  • bundlelist

    Allows different options of a bundle list pane to be set.

  • chadd

    Adds channels to the objects specified.

  • chalias

    Create an alias for a channel name.

  • animeditor

    Sets various options of the animation editor.

  • chanlist

    Sets various options of the channel list.

  • chautoscope

    Changes autoscope property of parameters (automatically scope when object is selected).

  • chautoselect

    Changes autoselect property of parameters (automatically select in channel list when object is selected).

  • chblockbegin

    Signals the start of a block of chadd/chkey commands in a script file.

  • chblockend

    Signals the end of a block of chadd/chkey commands in a script file.

  • chcommit

    Commits pending key changes.

  • chcp

    Copies the contents of one channel to another.

  • chgadd

    Creates one or more channel groups.

  • chgls

    Lists channel groups.

  • chgop

    Sets the contents of a channel group.

  • chgpopulate

    Populates a channel group with a node’s channels.

  • chgrm

    Removes channel groups

  • chhold

    Puts channels into "hold" or "pending" state.

  • chkey

    Edits or inserts a key.

  • chkeyget

    Samples channels at given times and returns key information.

  • chkeyls

    List key times for channels.

  • chkeymv

    Moves keys in channels to different frames/times

  • chkeyrm

    Removes keys in the specified channels at different frames/times

  • chlock

    Locks parameters so they can’t be modified.

  • chls

    Lists channels.

  • chopexportmap

    Manipulates CHOP export mapping overrides.

  • chopls

    Lists the tracks in a chop operator.

  • chopscope

    Assigns CHOP channels to available viewers by pairing CHOP paths with CHOP channels.

  • chopview

    Sets various CHOP viewer options.

  • chread

    Reads channel data from a file.

  • chrefit

    Refits the channels using cubic interpolation.

  • chrename

    Renames a channel.

  • chreverse

    Reverse the channel data over a given range.

  • chrm

    Removes a channel

  • chround

    Moves or replaces keys so that they lie on integer frame values.

  • chscope

    Sets the channel scope.

  • chstretch

    Stretches out animation on channels.

  • chwrite

    Writes channel data out to a .chan or .bchan file.

  • clear

    Clears the textport.

  • closeport

    Closes a communication port created by the openport command.

  • cmdread

    Runs the commands in a specified file.

  • colladaimport

    Imports a COLLADA (1.4.0) file.

  • colorsettings

    Changes the gamma and/or LUT on various UI gadgets.

  • commandecho

    Enables or disables the echoing of commands.

  • compfree

    Releases all cached data and images in use by all composite networks.

  • compopts

    Controls compositing cache usage and threading.

  • compproject

    Controls the current compositing project.

  • continue

    Skips to the end of a loop iteration.

  • cplane

    Changes construction plane parameters.

  • datatree

    Sets the current plugin used by a data tree pane.

  • desk

    Reconfigures pane layouts.

  • dopdatahint

    Adds hints for DOP networks to validate simulations.

  • dopdatatypealias

    Creates an alias for a DOP data type.

  • dopdatatypes

    Prints a list of available DOP data types.

  • dopsave

    Saves the entire state of a DOP simulation to a file.

  • dopsavedata

    Saves a DOP simulation data item to a file.

  • dopsolveadddata

    Adds data to a DOP object when running a Script Solver DOP.

  • dopsolvecopydata

    Copies some DOP data from one location to another when running a Script Solver DOP.

  • dopsolveremovedata

    Removes data from a DOP object when running a Script Solver DOP.

  • dopsolvesetoption

    Sets a value on a piece of DOP data when running a Script Solver DOP.

  • dsedit

    Built-in alias for otedit.

  • dsoinfo

    Displays paths of plug-in functions and operator types.

  • dsreload

    Reloads all OPs which are based on scripts.

  • echo

    Prints text to the textport.

  • else

    Else conditional for an if statement.

  • end

    Termination of a for or foreach statement.

  • endif

    Termination of the if statement.

  • excat

    Prints expression source code.

  • exedit

    Opens expressions in an editor.

  • exhelp

    Shows usage information for an expression.

  • exit

    Stops execution of the script file. If the optional status code is provided, then it sets the variable 'status' to the given integer.

  • exls

    Lists the current expression functions

  • exread

    Load custom expression source code from external files.

  • exrm

    Removes custom expressions.

  • fbximport

    Imports a Filmbox FBX file.

  • fbximportanim

    Imports a single Filmbox FBX animation curve.

  • fcur

    Gets or sets the current frame number.

  • fdependadd

    Adds a file dependency.

  • fdependhide

    Hides a file dependency.

  • fdependls

    Lists all file dependencies.

  • fdependrm

    Removes a file dependency.

  • filechooser

    Opens a file chooser and prints the chosen file.

  • for

    Loops through a block of commands according to a counter.

  • foreach

    Loops through a block of commands for each item in a list.

  • fplayback

    Sets various options of the playbar.

  • fps

    Gets or sets the current playback speed.

  • frange

    Sets the playback range on the playbar.

  • fset

    Sets the playback range to a certain length

  • ftimecode

    Gets or sets the current frame in timecode format.

  • geocache

    Manipulates the internal geometry cache.

  • glcache

    Manipulates the OpenGL caches.

  • help

    Prints usage help for a command.

  • helpbrowser

    Performs actions related to the help browser pane.

  • history

    Prints the command history.

  • if

    Conditionally executes a block of commands if a condition is true.

  • imgdispopt

    Sets the global image viewer display options.

  • imgsave

    Writes images from a Composite View or MPlay to disk

  • imgview

    Changes global options of a COP/Mplay image viewer.

  • imgview2d

    Changes options of a 2D view of a COP image viewer.

  • imgviewhist

    Changes options of a Histogram view of a COP image viewer.

  • imgviewls

    Prints the names of available COP/Mplay image viewers to use with imgview.

  • imgviewtime

    Changes options of a Timeline view of a COP image viewer.

  • imgviewtool

    Invokes a tool in a COP image viewer (or lists available tools).

  • iprview

    Sets various options of an IPR view pane.

  • java

    Starts a java virtual machine.

  • job

    Get or set the $JOB variable.

  • kinconvert

    Updates old hip files to new IK structure.

  • linker

    Sets various options of the light linker.

  • listchooser

    Presents a graphical interface to the user to choose from a list of options.

  • loadaudio

    Load, unload, and set options for audio.

  • loadseq

    Loads a sequence of files into mplay.

  • matrman

    Generate a RenderMan sl file from a shader.

  • matupdateref

    Updates all the Palette material references.

  • memory

    Prints current memory usage.

  • menurefresh

    Reloads the contents of the OPmenu.xml, PARMmenu.xml, ParmGearMenu.xml and CHGmenu.xml menu files.

  • message

    Presents text to the user.

  • mnew

    Resets the session.

  • mplayfit

    Fits the mplay window to the image (at 100%).

  • mplayhome

    Fits mplay image to the viewport size.

  • mplayprofile

    Sets the current mplay profile.

  • mread

    Loads a hip file.

  • mwrite

    Save the current session to a hip file.

  • nbadd

    Create network boxes

  • nbcolor

    Color network boxes

  • nbcp

    Copy network boxes

  • nbget

    Get network box flag information

  • nbglob

    Pattern expansion for network box names

  • nblocate

    Locate and move network boxes

  • nbls

    List network boxes

  • nblsop

    Lists operators contained in network boxes

  • nbname

    Renames a network box

  • nbop

    Sets the contents of a network box.

  • nbrm

    Deletes network boxes

  • nbset

    Set network box flags.

  • nbsize

    Resizes network boxes

  • netcolumns

    Sets the visible columns in the network editor’s list mode.

  • neteditor

    This command is no longer used.

  • netviewdep

    This command is no longer used.

  • networkeditor

    Sets various options of the network editor.

  • nextkey

    Moves playback to the next or previous key.

  • nodegraph

    This command is no longer used.

  • objcache

    Manipulates the internal object transformation cache.

  • objcleantransform

    Zeroes transforms on an object.

  • objextractpretransform

    Transfers an object’s pre-transform values to its local transforms.

  • objkinoverride

    Sets the kinematic override option.

  • objlightlink

    Manages object light category selection in a light-centric way.

  • objmaterial

    Manages object-local overrides of material parameters.

  • objparent

    Controls the "keep position when parenting" option.

  • objpretransform

    Sets or displays an object’s pre-transform matrix.

  • objresetpretransform

    Resets the given object’s pre-transform values to the identity matrix.

  • ombind

    Binds a handle to an operator parameter.

  • ombindinfo

    Lists parameters bound to an operator’s handle.

  • omls

    Lists the available handles for an operator type.

  • omparm

    Changes a handle’s settings.

  • omsbind

    Binds an operator parameter to a selector

  • omsbindinfo

    Lists the selectors bound to an operator.

  • omsls

    Lists the available selectors for an operator type.

  • omsunbind

    Removes bindings between operators and selectors.

  • omswhere

    Lists the operators bound to a selector.

  • omunbind

    Removes bindings between an operator and a handle.

  • omwhere

    Lists the operators bound to a handle.

  • omwrite

    Writes out all handle and selector bindings to a file.

  • opadd

    Adds an operator to the network.

  • opalias

    Allows an operator type to be created using an alternate name.

  • opautoplace

    Autoplaces a node tile within a network.

  • opbadd

    Creates operator bundles.

  • opbfilters

    Lists all valid filters for bundles.

  • opbls

    Lists bundles.

  • opbname

    Renames a bundle.

  • opbop

    Modifies operator bundles.

  • opbrm

    Removes operator bundles.

  • opcf

    Changes to a different folder in the operator hierarchy.

  • opchange

    Search and replace text in parameter values.

  • opchangetype

    Changes an operator to a new type.

  • opchmod

    Changes the access permissions of operators.

  • opcollapse

    Collapses nodes into a subnetwork.

  • opcolor

    Gets or sets an operator’s tile color in the network editor.

  • opcomment

    Gets or sets a comment string for an operator.

  • opcook

    Tells (or forces) an object to re-cook.

  • opcopy

    Copies an operator and its dependencies to the clipboard.

  • opcp

    Copies an operator to a new place in the operator hierarchy.

  • opdefaultcolor

    Changes the initial color of a node when it is put down.

  • opdefaultshape

    Changes the initial shape of a node when it is put down.

  • opdelscript

    Gets or sets a script to run when an operator is deleted.

  • opdepend

    Lists all operator dependencies of a node.

  • opdeprecate

    Marks node types as deprecated and hides them from the tab menu.

  • openport

    Opens a communication port to Houdini.

  • opeventscriptcache

    Manipulates the internal event script path cache used to avoid excessive searching of the HOUDINI_SCRIPT_PATH.

  • opexclude

    Deletes operator types from the current Houdini session.

  • opexprlanguage

    Gets or sets the default expression language for the specified nodes.

  • opextern

    Shows all/missing external references in a node.

  • opextract

    Expands a subnetwork

  • opfind

    Find operators that match a set of criteria.

  • opfirstname

    Changes the initial name of a node when it is put down.

  • opgadd

    Creates a new operator group.

  • opget

    Gets operator properties.

  • opgetinput

    Gets the node attached to a certain input of an operator.

  • opglob

    Expands a pattern into a list of operator names.

  • opgls

    Lists operator groups.

  • opgop

    Controls membership of operator groups

  • opgrm

    Removes an operator group from the current network.

  • ophelp

    Displays help for an operator or operator type.

  • ophide

    Hides nodes from the tab menu.

  • opinfo

    Displays information about the operator, including the comment.

  • oplayout

    Automatically lays out operators in the network editor.

  • oplegacyinputs

    Specifies input names for legacy nodes that were saved only with input numbers.

  • oplocate

    Gets/sets the X/Y coordinates of operator tiles in the network view.

  • opls

    Lists operators in the network hierarchy.

  • opmenu

    Shows the items of a menu parameter on an operator.

  • opmultiparm

    Gets or sets multiparm channel linking information for a node.

  • opname

    Renames an operator.

  • oporder

    Changes the user-defined order of operators.

  • oppane

    Show an editor for an operator.

  • opparm

    Gets/sets/manipulates parameters on a node.

  • oppaste

    Paste data copied with opcopy into a network.

  • oppresetload

    Loads channels and parameter values into an operator from a preset.

  • oppresetloadfile

    Loads channels and parameter values into an operator from a .preset file.

  • oppresetls

    Lists the presets available for an operator.

  • oppresetrm

    Removes a preset.

  • oppresetsave

    Saves channels and parameter values from an operator as a preset.

  • oppresetsavefile

    Saves channels and parameter values from an operator to a .preset file.

  • opproperty

    Creates spare properties from a set of pre-defined properties

  • oppwf

    Prints the current folder in the network hierarchy.

  • opramp

    Sets a key in an operator’s ramp.

  • opread

    Loads an operators file created with opwrite.

  • oprename

    Changes the name that appears on toolbars to represent an operator type.

  • oprm

    Deletes operators.

  • oprmtype

    Deletes operators of a specific type.

  • opsave

    Saves the output data of an operator to a file.

  • opscale

    Obsolete. Use neteditor -v instead.

  • opscript

    Prints the commands necessary to recreate an operator.

  • opset

    Turns various operator flags on or off.

  • opspare

    Add, remove or list spare parameters in an operator.

  • opspareds

    Sets the dialog script describing spare parameters on one or more nodes.

  • opstat

    Print node creation time, modification time, author, and permissions.

  • optype

    Prints type-specific information about operators.

  • optypeinstall

    Built-in alias for optyperead

  • optyperead

    Loads an .optype archive and installs the contained type into a Houdini directory.

  • optypeuninstall

    Removes all references to an operator.

  • opunhide

    Makes operators accessible in the toolbars.

  • opunload

    Causes a node to throw away any cached geometry.

  • opunwire

    Disconnects inputs from an operator.

  • opupdate

    Re-cooks operators if their referenced files have changed.

  • opuserdata

    Provides access to name/value pair data that can be set on a node.

  • opwire

    Connects the output of one operator to the input of another.

  • opwrite

    Saves operators to a file.

  • otcollapse

    Create an operator type library from separate files.

  • otcomment

    Gets/sets the comment text associated with an operator type.

  • otconfig

    Sets various options of the operator type manager.

  • otcontentadd

    Adds a file to an existing operator type definition.

  • otcontentdelete

    Removes data from an operator type definiton.

  • otcontentls

    Lists all sections in an operator type definition.

  • otcontentsave

    Extracts a file from inside an operator type definition.

  • otcopy

    Copies data from inside one HDA file to another.

  • otcreatecompiledtypefrom

    Creates a new operator type definition from a subnet.

  • otcreatetypefrom

    Creates a new operator type definition from a subnet.

  • otdelete

    Deletes operator definitions from an operator type library.

  • otedit

    Opens a property editor for an operator type.

  • otexpand

    Splits an operator type library into component files.

  • otgetotl

    Determines whether/where an operator type is defined.

  • otglob

    Lists operator types matching a pattern.

  • otinuse

    Helps determine what Operator Type Libraries are in a given Hip file.

  • otload

    Loads an operator type library into the current session.

  • otls

    Lists operator types defined in a library file.

  • otmerge

    Copies all operator type definitions from one library file to another.

  • otprefer

    Get/set which type definition to use when multiple implementations are available.

  • otrefresh

    Reloads an operator type library from disk.

  • otrenamesource

    Gives a descriptive name to a library source.

  • otsync

    Syncs the contents of nodes with the contents of their type definitions.

  • ottouch

    Sets the last modified time for an operator type definition.

  • otunload

    Unloads an operator type library.

  • otunsync

    Built in alias for otsync -u.

  • otversion

    Gets/sets the version of an operator type definition.

  • otwrite

    Saves an operator type into an operator type library file.

  • pane

    Creates, closes, or sets options on a pane.

  • panepath

    Sets the current node of all panes in a desk.

  • parmeditor

    Sets various options of a parameter editor.

  • parmlist

    Sets various options of the parameter list within a channel list gadget.

  • parmsheet

    Sets various options of the parameter spreadsheet.

  • pathmap

    Interface to modify or test the HOUDINI_PATHMAP variable.

  • perfmon

    Enable output from the performance monitor.

  • performance

    Set various options of the performance monitor.

  • pilist

    Sets various options of a handle list.

  • play

    Controls playback.

  • pomadd

    Creates a new persistent handle or group.

  • pomattach

    Attaches an operator to a handle, or a handle to a group.

  • pomclear

    Detaches all operators from a persistent handle, or clears a group.

  • pomdetach

    Detaches an operator from a persistent handle, or a handle from a group.

  • pomls

    Lists persistent handles or handle groups.

  • pomparm

    Changes settings of a handle.

  • pomremove

    Delete a persistent handle or handle group.

  • pomrename

    Renames a persistent handle or handle group.

  • pomscript

    Prints the commands to create a persistent handle or group.

  • pomset

    Sets the display flags of a persistent handle or group.

  • preference

    Gets/sets the general preference option values.

  • prependseq

    Inserts files before the current sequence.

  • prompt

    Change the textport prompt string.

  • propertyedit

    Built-in alias for otedit

  • python

    Execute Python statements.

  • pythonpanel

    Performs actions related to the Python panel pane.

  • quit

    Exits Houdini.

  • radial

    Controls radial settings.

  • read

    Reads a line on user input into one or more variables.

  • render

    Cause an output driver (ROP node) to render.

  • rexport

    Edits exprot variables for a network render.

  • rkill

    Stop or pause/unpause a render.

  • ropview

    Sets various options of an Outputs viewer pane.

  • rps

    Lists background render processes.

  • seqls

    Lists the sequences currently loaded in Mplay.

  • set

    Sets a local variable.

  • setcomp

    Set the color components to display.

  • setenv

    Sets a global variable.

  • setplane

    Sets the current plane.

  • shelfdock

    Adds shelves to and removes shelves from the shelf area (dock).

  • shift

    Shifts the contents of the command line argument variables.

  • shopconvert

    Converts RenderMan shaders to native.

  • shoppromote

    Automatically promotes all parameters from a material’s contained shaders onto the material.

  • shopthumb

    Generates a thumbnail image (shader ball) for a material.

  • shopvisible

    Show or hide shaders based on the renderer.

  • sopcache

    Manipulates the internal surface node cache.

  • sopcreateedit

    Create an Edit SOP from the differences between two SOPs.

  • source

    Executes the script commands in a file.

  • stampdirty

    Dirty nodes dependent on a stamping variable..

  • system

    Starts a host system command.

  • takeadd

    Creates a new take.

  • takeautomode

    Sets the take auto-include mode.

  • takeinclude

    Includes parameters in or removes parameters from the current take.

  • takelist

    Sets various options of the take list pane.

  • takeload

    Loads take information from a file saved with the takesave command.

  • takels

    Prints the names of existing takes.

  • takemerge

    Merges included parameters from one or more source takes into a destination take.

  • takemove

    Moves a take under a new parent.

  • takename

    Rename a take, set the label of a take, or change the default basename for new takes.

  • takerm

    Removes one or more takes.

  • takesave

    Saves take information to a file, or prints it to the textport.

  • takescript

    Prints the commands necessary to recreate a take.

  • takeset

    Switches to a different take.

  • tcur

    Gets or sets the current time.

  • test_access

    On Windows, tests the permission of a file path.

  • texcache

    Manipulates the internal texture cache.

  • time

    Print the time taken to execute a command.

  • timeslice

    Sets timeslice options for timesliced channel operators.

  • tmgadd

    Creates time groups.

  • tmgls

    Lists time groups.

  • tmgname

    Renames a time group.

  • tmgop

    Set, add to, or delete the contents of a time group.

  • tmgrm

    Deletes a time group.

  • tmgshift

    Shift a time group by a length of time or number of frames.

  • toolbar

    Creates, edits, or removes a toolbar.

  • treechooser

    Presents a graphical interface to the user to choose from a list of options.

  • treecontrol

    Sets various options of the tree contrl.

  • tset

    Gets/sets the global animation range.

  • ucd

    Change the UNIX working directory.

  • uls

    Returns a list of files and directories in the UNIX working directory. This command is non-recursive.

  • umkdir

    Creates a new directory, dir_name, in the file system.

  • undoctrl

    Turns undo on or off, or clears undo memory.

  • unitlength

    Controls the Houdini Unit Length option.

  • unitmass

    Controls the Houdini Unit Mass option.

  • unix

    Starts a host system command.

  • updateui

    Waits for Houdini’s UI to update.

  • upwd

    Prints the Unix working directory.

  • urm

    Unlinks file_name, in the file system. This method cannot unlink directories.

  • varchange

    Cooks any operators using changed variables.

  • version

    Prints the application’s version.

  • vexinfo

    Lists the currenly loaded VEX functions.

  • vexprofile

    Turns profiling of VEX functions on/off

  • viewagentopts

    Set various crowd agent display options for a viewport.

  • viewbackground

    Sets general options for the viewport background.

  • viewcamera

    Make a viewport look through a camera.

  • viewcolor

    Set the color override attribute in a particular viewport.

  • viewcopy

    Copies settings from one viewport or view-memory to another.

  • viewdisplay

    Set various options of a viewport or view-memory.

  • viewdispopts

    Set various options of a viewport.

  • viewdispset

    Set various options of a viewport. Replaces viewdisplay.

  • vieweffect

    Controls viewport settings.

  • viewergrouplist

    Set group list options of viewer panes.

  • viewerinspect

    Gets/sets inspection options for a viewer.

  • vieweroption

    Sets various options for viewer panes.

  • viewerstow

    Stows or unstows components of a viewer.

  • viewhome

    This command allows you to home the named viewports.

  • viewinfotext

    Set info text options for a viewport.

  • viewlayout

    Rearranges viewports in a viewer pane.

  • viewlight

    Controls viewport settings.

  • viewls

    Lists all viewer panes.

  • viewmaskoverlay

    Sets various options of the view mask overlay in viewports.

  • viewname

    Renames a viewport

  • viewonionskin

    Set various onion skinning display options for a viewport.

  • viewoptadd

    Adds display options to all viewers.

  • viewoptenable

    Enable/disable user options in a particular viewport.

  • viewoptls

    Lists options available in viewers.

  • viewoptname

    Renames a display option.

  • viewoptrm

    Removes display options from all viewers.

  • viewoptset

    Gets/sets the settings for a particular display option. These settings are shared by all viewers.

  • vieworthogrid

    Controls display of the grid in an orthographic viewport.

  • viewprojection

    Sets the projection method of a perspective viewport.

  • viewrefplane

    Changes reference plane parameters.

  • viewroto

    Sets image and position options for the viewport background.

  • viewsnapshot

    Manages the view snapshot memory.

  • viewsnapshotoption

    Sets the options for the view snapshot memory.

  • viewtool

    Sets the current tool in a scene viewer (or lists available tools).

  • viewtransform

    Gets/sets projection data for a viewport.

  • viewtype

    Changes the type of a viewport.

  • viewupdate

    Controls the updating of views.

  • viewuvgrid

    Sets various options of the grid in UV texture viewports.

  • viewwrite

    Creates a flipbook from a viewport.

  • vopforcecompile

    Forces a VOP Network to compile its code.

  • vopwritevfl

    Writes code generated from a VOP network to a file.

  • while

    Loops through a block of commands while a condition is true.


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Siding Solutions Inc Logo GIF
 This page under construction...please email your request to

What is Composite Siding?

The Composite Siding Story
  • Man-made boards are manufactured for use as exterior siding from

  • various combinations of wood fibers, fillers, binders and glue. These
    mixtures are heated and compressed into composite wood products.
  • When shredded wood is used the product is usually known as O.S.B.
  • When sawdust is used the product becomes fiber board
  • Wood pulp mixtures become hardboard
  • When these composites are intended for use as siding an embossed

  • overlayment is often added to simulate the look of wood.
  • Siding is also manufactured from various combinations of these

  • composites and by the addition of Portland Cement
Return to Main Page


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Whatever it takes to win!

I have been quoting a lot of athletes lately, and today I want to share something Kobe Bryant, the famous basketballer said. “I’ll do whatever it takes to win games, whether it’s sitting on a bench waving a towel, handing a cup of water to a teammate, or hitting the game-winning shot.” I really like

Winning solves everything. – Tiger Woods

Today I want to share a quote that I do not agree with in full. How come? It is great to win, it is great to be successful, but it doesn’t solve all your problems! Just look at all the successful people struggling with narcotics, depression, and other similar stuff. Maybe this isn’t what Tiger

Encouragement on a red crypto-market day!

I just read this quote from Michael Jordan, and I totally love it. Just take a look at it yourself! “I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again

Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.

What is your attitude like? Are you a person with a positive attitude, or do you have a negative attitude? Are the people surrounding you encouraged by your presence, or are you an energy-vampire? It is so easy to have a bad attitude. Everyone else complains about everything, so why shouldn’t I? Well, your attitude

Good and bad distractions

Distraction is a diversion from your initial purpose. This is when your attention is shifted from your original focus to something else. Most times we see distraction as negative. But sometimes distraction makes sense. I could term distraction negative when the new focus would produce a bad outcome. Human development expert warned that distraction is

Three cute houses in Brno

A few months ago I visited Brno, and I totally enjoyed my stay in the city. I even wrote a long report about my day-trip to Brno. If you haven’t read it, go ahead and read it right away. Today I just looked through some pictures I made during the trip to Brno, and as


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If you would like to add your feedback, please feel free to email us.

Silver Satin Wedding Cars aims to ensure that everyone who hires our limousine and chauffeur service is 100% satisfied.  We very much appreciate the letters of thanks we have received, some of which are featured below.

We are continually striving to exceed our own standards, and would welcome suggestions as to what would make your Silver Satin experience even more memorable.

We look forward to being of service to you.

Antony Miller

Antony Miller, chauffeur, with the Chrysler 300C luxury wedding car

Hi Antony,

I just wanted to drop you a quick email to say a massive thank you to you and your wife for all your hard work and professionalism on our wedding day. I will of course drop you a “proper” thank you card once the photos are back (hopefully including a nice one of the car!).

We had a wonderful day and enjoyed every second of it, well apart from when I realised I’d forgotten my flowers but you were the perfect gentleman while I was stressing out in the back of your beautiful car. I really appreciate you going back to the house to pick them up. I think that will be something both Dad and I will never forget!

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Thank you so much for the service. It was first class. The bridesmaids and Sabrina said you were wonderful. We will certainly be giving feedback to the Hotel and recommending your service to other wedding parties

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Thirst No. 4

The Shadow of Death

Thirst No. 4

(Book #4 of Thirst)
For Ages: 14 - 99
The conclusion to the phenomenally successful Thirst series follows five-thousand-year-old vampire Alisa Perne as she battles a new race of immortals: the Telar. The Telar are a challenging threat. But Alisa is hungry for blood—and thirsty for revenge.
  • Simon Pulse |
  • 528 pages |
  • ISBN 9781442413191 |
  • August 2011 |
  • Grades 9 and up
List Price $13.99 (price may vary by retailer)

Read an Excerpt

To download a file to your computer right-click on the link and choose 'save file as'

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More Books from this Author

The Deadly Past
The Hidden Beast
Strange Girl
The Wishing Stone

About the Author

Christopher Pike

Christopher Pike is a bestselling author of young adult novels. The Thirst series, The Secret of Ka, and the Remember Me and Alosha trilogies are some of his favorite titles. He is also the author of several adult novels, including Sati and The Season of Passage. Thirst and Alosha are slated to be released as feature films. Pike currently lives in Santa Barbara, where it is rumored he never leaves his house. But he can be found online at


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(Book #2 of The Missing)
For Ages: 8 - 12
  • 1
Jonah and Chip have barely adjusted to the discovery that they are actually the missing children of history when a time purist named JB sends them, along with Katherine and Alex, hurtling back in time to 1483. JB promises that if they can fix history, they can all return to their present-day lives. Now Chip and Alex have to reclaim their true identities—as the king and prince of England. But things get complicated when the four discover that according to the records, the princes were murdered. How can they fix history if it means that Chip and Alex will die? Margaret Peterson Haddix is the author of Found, the bestselling Shadow Children series, Uprising, Running Out of Time, and many more
  • Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers |
  • 320 pages |
  • ISBN 9781416954224 |
  • August 2009 |
  • Grades 3 - 7 |
  • Lexile ® 730
List Price $16.99 (price may vary by retailer)
In Stock: Usually ships within 1 business day
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Read an Excerpt

Behind the Book

More Books from this Author

Children of Refuge
The Summer of Broken Things
In Over Their Heads
Children of Exile

About the Author

Margaret Peterson Haddix
The Backstage Studio

Margaret Peterson Haddix

Margaret Peterson Haddix is the author of many critically and popularly acclaimed YA and middle grade novels, including the Children of Exile series, The Missing series, the Under Their Skin series, and the Shadow Children series. A graduate of Miami University (of Ohio), she worked for several years as a reporter for The Indianapolis News. She also taught at the Danville (Illinois) Area Community College. She lives with her family in Columbus, Ohio. Visit her at


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Thursday, 28 June 2018

Publication in Springer 2018

The paper entitled "Keyphrase and Relation Extraction from Scientific Publications", authored by Anju R C, Sree Harsha Ramesh and Dr. Rafeeque P C, published in Springer as part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 705).

Read Paper

SIMPLE Groups congratulates Anju for her achievement!!

Copyright 2014 All Rights Reserved By Simple Groups


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20 November 2018 04:23 PM

Political Relations

Monday، 30 November 2015 12:00 AM

In 1951, the two countries signed a friendship agreement, signifying the strong ties between the two countries. President Gamal Abdul Nasser, who visited Pakistan in 1960 for the first time, interfered in 1965 to halt the Indian-Pakistani war. Pakistan played host to some Egyptian warships during the 1973 Egyptian-Israeli war, so Pakistan actually contributed to the Egyptian victory.

Egypt and Pakistan are members of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation. Moreover, the two countries are jointly coordinating on different fronts in international organizations. In September 2008, under the banner of OIC, Egypt and Pakistan, on behalf of the Muslim World, presented and sponsored a UN Human Rights Council Resolution to ban defaming of religion.

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Skidmore Home About Scope Editor's Mailbox Back Issues

Campus Scene
Who, What, When
Class Notes
Saratoga Sidebar
Picture This

campus scene

Ecotrading in nature's marketplace
Ants and plants as model mutualists
Writer's workshop offers total immersion
Summer institute is finely focused
Hands-on help in Africa Students undertake Projects for Peace
Flocking to Skidmore Admissions: thumbs up; USNews beauty pageant: thumbs down
On exhibit Now at Skidmore's Tang Museum

Ecotrading in nature's marketplace

Sipping nectar
isn’t just for bees and butterflies. Skidmore biologist Josh Ness does it too. Only he doesn’t drink it; he analyzes it.

As a way to illuminate ecological relationships, Ness studies plants that have extrafloral nectaries—nectar-releasing pores on stems or leaves—and the ants that frequent them. In a well-known symbiosis, the nectar nourishes the ants, and the ants attack leaf-eating bugs. It’s a useful evolutionary adaptation for the plant to sacrifice some carbohydrates in return for protection from herbivores; ditto for the ants to spend energy guarding their food source. Predation and competition may seem more dramatic, says Ness, but mutualisms underlie much of nature as well.

A painter and would-be architect in his school days, Ness likes the way form can convey meaning. Yet he warns that “too often we define, say, a cherry tree by basic traits like leaf shape, flower structure, fruit formation. But its interactions with other organisms are also crucial, defining traits”—for example, the chewing of caterpillars makes the leaves become more toxic, bees control which flowers get pollinated, and fruit-eating birds disperse the seeds.

This summer Ness and two students used grant funding to study Japanese knotweed, a non-native species that’s been aggressively spreading in the US, including the hillsides above Skidmore’s Northwoods Village. Some plants exude more or sweeter nectar when damaged—which presumably attracts more ant defenders—but that’s not been proved with Japanese knotweed. So Ness and crew snipped off parts of knotweed leaves, to simulate caterpillar damage, and later measured the sugar content of the nectar and the number of ants visiting the plants. On each vivisected plant, Ness located a tiny nectary on the underside of the stem and applied a droplet of purified water to it. A moment later he carefully sucked a bit of the water-nectar solution into a tiny glass pipette. His student partners measured the sample and placed it on the screen of a hand-held refractometer: when aimed toward the sun, it can identify various chemicals, including fructose, by the way they bend light.

While the damaged knotweeds had more ants on them, they didn’t always produce higher-fructose nectar. In the future Ness wants to check the seasonality of peak nectar production and insect arrivals. He’s also curious whether Japanese beetles (fellow ex-pats, and common garden pests in the US) might have a taste for their native cuisine, which could help check the spread of knotweed. He says, “I love fieldwork. Depending on my observations each day, I can adjust my research design to study other factors. I’m usually doing multiple experiments at a time.”

In fact, serendipitous mission creep actually helped Ness with his PhD. His research began with parasitic wasps’ effects on the behavior of their caterpillar hosts on catalpa trees. “But ants kept harassing the caterpillars. So I told them, OK, I’ll study you then.” He found native ants were using the plant for nectar, while invasive fire ants, common in disturbed or urban-edge habitats, “had no interest in nectar and were just hunting caterpillars. They would have done the same on a fencepost or a car.”

Fire ants also figure in Ness’s research in Arizona’s Sonoran Desert, where he shares a study plot. There, one cactus species with extrafloral nectaries has a chemical in its petals that repels some ants, keeping them away from the bees that pollinate it. But certain fire-ant relatives still patrol the flowers and attack bees, who soon learn to avoid those cacti. Freer of pests, the cacti produce lots of fruits, but since they weren’t as well pollinated the fruits contain fewer seeds. Now armed with six years’ worth of observations in droughts, monsoons, and other weather, Ness is eager to try extrapolating the data to predict the effects of global climate change on these plant-and-animal interactions. —SR


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By utilizing our vast design and construction experience, Your Dutch Gardener LLC can overcome typical challenges to create functional and relaxing landscape solutions.
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Sri Lanka Brodcasting Corporation

Last updateMon, 19 Nov 2018 9pm

Local News

The Prime Minister says loans are repaid and economy stabilized amidst various challenges

Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe says the government has been able to repay loans and stabilize the economy amidst various challenges. Addressing an election rally in Nikaweratiya, he said the present regime took over a bankrupt economy without any future. According to him, excessive borrowing prevented the generation of income to repay the loans by 2013. He said therefore, the previous government went for a failed election bid in 2015 with the intention of establishing its power.

The Prime Minister also said a plan to develop the Wanni Hathpattu area would be formulated and implemented this year. He added that vocational training centers and a drinking water project for the area between Galgamuwa and Yapahuwa would be part of this plan.


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EcoZoom UK – Back in Business

EcoZoom UK is back in business, distributing robust clean cookstoves for the UK market. Starting in 2013 our market test of Ecozoom rocket stoves has been a success with 500 cookstoves sold in the UK and over a dozen European countries.

Zoom stoves have been greeted with enthusiasm by our customers who regularly use them. Europeans love the opportunity for cooking over real fires and the Ecozoom Versa provides all the power needed and with great results.
The beauty of a Zoom stove is not having to carry fuel or gas canisters. Collect up some sticks, pine cones or other biomass and you’re cooking. The Zoom’s comfortable design and its natural stability allows larger pots to be used and the wood-fired UK chef can get on with the art of outdoor food.

A Zoom Versa also burns charcoal, giving a more regular heat and needing less fire supervision – especially compared to a fuel hungry open BBQ. Slow cooking is possible, with gourmet possibilities.

Ecozoom maintain a strong focus on the developing world. Here families rely on expensive charcoal or volatile kerosene for cooking. Many even compete for brushwood fuel, with smoky fires and pots balanced on stones. Ecozoom rocket stoves take the smoke and burn it – giving the famous clean-burning rocket effect. This efficiency is a big pull-factor when you can spend half your income on cooking fuel.

In the UK fuel is not a big issue, we have abundant resources. Zoom Stoves are used for off-grid recreation, the pleasure of a small fire and the taste factor – food can be enhanced by the fuel used to cook it.
Some keep a Zoom stove handy in case of an emergency or power cut, always a wise option but luckily not too common. For the user, safety issues are minimal – the fire chamber is well insulated, and the stove can’t tip in any normal use. Supervised children can learn a lot from safely operating the stove and we received a ‘thumbs up’ from The Scout Association last year.

EcoZoom UK has received great reviews on amazon and also from popular reviewers such as Permaculture Magazine and The Great Outdoors (see other positive reviews below).

All round you will find the gimmick-free Ecozoom Versa to be a great outdoor cooking stove. It’s our pleasure at EcoZoom UK to have successfully completed the local market test and we look forward to continuing our operations here in the UK as official distributor for Ecozoom.blog_SM-starfish-300x224

Author Stewart MacLachlan
Director – EcoZoom
More UK Ecozoom Versa Reviews
Outdoors Magic
Campfire Magazine

EcoZoom on Facebook

Global Ecozoom Webpage

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Are Companies Using 'Customer Scores' to Prioritize Callers for Service?

New research from The Wall Street Journal reveals that there’s a reason why some customers are able to get through to agents at call centers faster than others. It comes down to a “customer score,” a calculation of how valuable that customer is to the business. It’s not a new tactic, as companies have long been using metrics like LTV (lifetime value) to evaluate customers, but using the insight to prioritize certain customers on calls is a new approach.

“Not all customers deserve a company’s best efforts,” Peter Fader, a marketing professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, told The Wall Street Journal. According to the Journal’s findings, businesses in the apparel, automotive, travel, and telecommunications spaces as well as credit card companies use various technologies and models to assign a value to customers. When it comes to the average apparel company, a customer score may range from about $8 to over $200, with higher-scoring customers receiving faster service when they dial in for support.

Companies across industries confirmed the Journal’s findings. “The predominant way we route calls is based on the reason for the call,” a Sprint spokeswoman told the newspaper, but customer lifetime value is “one of many ways we guide customer interactions,” she added.

Businesses also said that the use of these metrics isn’t just driven by how much customers spend—it also depends on their general interactions with the brand. In fact, scores in most models are based not only on spending, but also how often shoppers make returns, where they live, when they shop, and even their education levels and marital status.

“A high-value customer who had a real service disruption and never calls to complain should be compensated more quickly than someone who is complaining and costing time and money,” Laks Srinivasan, co-chief operating officer of Opera Solutions LLC, which works with airlines, retailers, banks and other companies told the Journal.

Related Articles

Intelligent contact centers go beyond basic data to generate insight that can have significant business impacts.

Posted May 02, 2017

With the right CRM system tied-in, agents can better serve customers and provide better information.

Posted January 16, 2018

Being able to proactively surface only the information the customer really wants at a particular moment without the customer even having to ask is the next frontier of customer service.

Posted February 27, 2018


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Born Ethel Gumm into a family of vaudevillians

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Aimees Fund

History of Aimee’s Fund

Aimee’s Fund was set up in 2015 following the tragic loss of Aimee Buchan who died aged 7 years old following the development of MAS – (Macrophage Activation Syndrome), a rare complication of systemic JIA.

Following Aimee’s death many of her friends and family have raised incredible sums of money and donated them to SNAC. It was decided that a fund should be established in memory of Aimee, to honour her memory and to support children across Scotland living with JIA.

SNAC are very grateful to her family and many friends for the incredible fund-raising and awareness raising and hope this fund will continue to support children in her memory.

A butterfly lights beside us like a sunbeam
And for a brief moment its glory
and beauty belong to our world
But then it flies again
And though we wish it could have stayed…
We feel lucky to have seen it.

Author Unknown

Applying for a Grant

Small grants can be made for items which are for any child in Scotland with JIA and which will help with every day activities, school work, homework etc and will improve the life of the child with JIA. The fund is for children up to the age of 16 with JIA who would benefit from financial assistance in order to improve their quality of life. A supporting statement from a member of the local rheumatology team is required detailing why the item is needed. The maximum award is £500 although larger grants may be considered in extenuating circumstances.

The applicant’s parent/carer can download the form below.  Please complete it and either send to your local rheumatology team member for them to add a supporting statement, or send it, along with the statement directly to SNAC.

The information required from the relevant local rheumatology team member is:

  • confirmation of the child’s details including diagnosis.
  • confirmation that the item/service requested is relevant and required as a result of having JIA (or resultant/associated condition).
  • if the request is for a therapy/alternative therapy which is not available via the NHS then confirmation that it is a recognised therapy and not counter-productive to the patient
  • their signature

Download the form

Application Form for a Grant from Aimees Fund

Guidance Notes for a Grant from Aimees Fund