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18-08-2011 | Internal medicine | Article

15 minutes daily exercise may lengthen life

Free abstract

MedWire News: Spending 15 minutes a day participating in moderate activity, such as brisk walking, may reduce a person's risk for death by 14% and increase their life expectancy by 3 years, shows research published in The Lancet.

Chi Pang Wen (National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan) and colleagues explain that current guidelines recommend adults spend 150 minutes per week exercising, but personal time constraints mean this can be difficult to attain.

"Identification of a minimum amount of exercise - or minimum dose - sufficient to reduce mortality is desirable because a small amount of exercise can be easier to achieve," say the researchers, who assessed the health benefits of different amounts of physical activity in 416,175 individuals (48% men) from Taiwan.

Study participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about their medical history and lifestyle. They were asked to classify the types and intensities of weekly leisure-time physical activity that they did during the previous month.

On the basis of their responses, the participants were placed into one of five categories of exercise volumes: inactive, or low, medium, high, or very high activity and followed-up for 8.1 years, on average.

The researchers report that, compared with individuals in the inactive group, those in the low-volume activity group, who exercised for an average of 92 minutes per week or 15 minutes a day, had a 14% reduced risk for all-cause mortality, a 10% reduced risk for cancer mortality, and a 20% reduced risk for cardiovascular mortality.

Furthermore, every additional 15 minutes of daily exercise beyond the minimum amount of 15 minutes per day further (up to 100 minutes a day, after which there was no additional health benefit) reduced all-cause mortality by 4% and all-cancer mortality by 1%.

Indeed, all-cause mortality risk was 20% lower among participants reporting medium volume activity (222 min/week), 29% lower among those reporting high volume activity (362 min/week), and 35% lower among those with very high volume activity (524 min/week), compared with inactive participants.

Wen and team note that the risk reductions were applicable regardless of a person's gender, age, or health status, or whether or not they smoked, drank alcohol, or were at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Individuals who were inactive had a 17% increased risk for mortality compared with individuals in the low-volume group.

When the researchers measured participants' life expectancy at age 30 years, they found that men and women in the low-volume activity group were expected to live 2.6 and 3.1 years longer than those in the inactive group, respectively. For individuals who met the recommended amount of daily exercise (150 min/week), life expectancy was 3.7-4.2 years longer.

"The minimum amount of exercise reported in this study is half of that recommended worldwide, but individuals are more likely to do 15 minutes of daily exercise than they are 30 minutes of daily exercise," Wen and co-authors remark.

Editorialists Anil Nigam and Martin Juneau, from Université de Montréal in Quebec, Canada, agree. "The knowledge that as little as 15 minutes per day of exercise on most days of the week can substantially reduce an individual's risk of dying could encourage many more individuals to incorporate a small amount of physical activity into their busy lives.

"Governments and health professionals both have major roles to play to spread this good news story and convince people of the importance of being at least minimally active," they write.

By Laura Dean

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#particle #photon #guitar #pedal #LTSpice #subcircuit #layout #preroute #PCB

Fig. 1: Completed PCB Layout of Photon Guitar Pedal.

Design Description

The Photon Guitar Pedal is designed to amplify, process, and capture a raw instrument signal, e.g. the signal from an electric guitar pickup, with the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) of a Photon board. Guitar effects pedals are used to enhance the raw signal coming from a guitar by improving aspects such as tone, dynamic range, and equalization, or adding desirable effects such as harmonics, delay, or distortion. This pedal includes both a compression and distortion effect.

The compression signal path utilizes a variable gain amplifier to increase the dynamic range of recording by amplifying softer signals more and louder signals less. This allows us to use a higher gain on our input while still avoiding clipping which produces unwanted noise and distortion. This process is often performed by a standalone Compression Effects pedal such as the MXR DynaComp. The distortion signal path utilizes a high-gain amplifier to force a smooth clipping (that is now intended) and give our signal that classic sound electric guitar sound. This circuit can also function as another clean amplifier if the gain is dialed down. This distortion process is often performed by a standalone Distortion Effects Pedal such as the Fulltone OCD.

  Fig 2: Two examples of guitar pedals similar to those designed in this project.

Fig 2: Two examples of guitar pedals similar to those designed in this project.

Photon Guitar Pedal v2.1 Product Features

  1. 1/4" Input jack with adjustable gain.
  2. 1/4" Output jack with adjustable attenuation.
  3. On-board Compression Effect with "Active" indicator LED.
  4. On-board Distortion Effect with adjustable gain.
  5. Effect selector switch with Bypass option.
  6. "Power-on" LED.

Design Overview

I designed this pedal by assembling a number of different subcircuits and components in the Photon Shield Template. Most of the individual subcircuits that are used in this design were made from scratch, but they have all been uploaded to the subcircuits server and can be reused in any design. In the PCB Design section, I discuss the process of developing a subcircuit and creating a preroute for it using the MetaMorph Tools. Also, to understand the benefits of using the MetaMorph Web Tools, check out the rebuild of this design.

Fig. 3: Photon Guitar Pedal Overview Diagram

The Initial Design

As project developed I added more features, but I began the design process with the only simple goal of building a compressor that would accept a guitar signal. A little bit of research uncovered that a guitar signal from an electric guitar or an acoustic-electric pickup is usually on the order of 0.1V and has an output impedance on the order of 1MΩ. (This high output impedance is why if you just plug headphones into your electric guitar, your won't hear anything. The high output impedance can't drive the extremely low input impedance of the headphones.) In addition to accepting a guitar signal, I wanted the output of the compressor to be around 3V peak-to-peak given the 0-3.3V scale of the Analog to Digital Converter on the photon board. A larger signal means a more accurate reading from the ADC, which means a higher quality recording.

I searched the internet for a few different compression circuit diagrams and settled upon the compressor circuit that is described by this review: Rockman Guitar Compressor. I reconstructed this circuit in LTspice to find the right values to accomplish the desired compression given a 200mV peak-to-peak amplitude of a raw instrument signal. LTspice is a free tool provided by Linear Technology that allows a user to perform a transient analysis of a circuit over a certain period of time. We can use a transient analysis to see how our circuit will respond to a specified input. For my initial testing, I used three separate voltage sources to model an arpeggiated C chord.

When I started selecting components I chose to the OPA344 operational amplifier (op-amp) for this circuit since it works well with a 3.3V input and I knew I could get the spice model from the MetaMorph component library. Here's how I copied over the OPA344 Spice model for use in LTspice:

  1. Find the OPA344 component on the MetaMorph Component Browser.
  2. Download the component and extract the files.
  3. Copy and paste the "Spice/OPA2344.cir" file to the same directory of your LTspice model.
  4. In LTspice click Edit > SPICE Directive.
  5. Type ".lib OPA2344.cir" in the dialog.
  6. Click OK and place the directive on your canvas.
  7. Click Edit > Component.
  8. Select or type "opamp2".
  9. Click OK and place the component on your canvas.
  10. Right-click the component, replace the value "opamp2" with "OPA2344", and click OK.

Design Challenge: One of the difficulties of designing this circuit was the tight 3.3V difference in the V+ and V- inputs of the op amp, also known as the rail-to-rail voltage. Most audio equipment uses rail-to-rail voltages varying between 9-30V. This low-voltage range requirement meant that the circuit didn't have very much headroom and I had to find an N-channel FET that would turn on with only about 1V across the Gate and Source. I ended up using the 2N4338. For this same reason, I also had to find a diode that have a very low forward turn-on voltage, and the MMSD4148 turns on with only about 0.3V. Check out General Guitar Gadgets for more information on guitar pedal design!

Fig. 4: The Photon Guitar Compressor project modeled in LTSpice.

After I verified a reasonable working design, I constructed the whole project in GME to allow for further, more-accurate testing and verification and the ability to easily design and manufacture a PCB. (The process of laying out the PCB is described in detail below in the PCB Layout with MetaMorph Desktop Tools section.) Here is a look at the finished PCB design:

Fig. 5: The Photon Guitar Compressor PCB, my first version of the Photon Guitar Pedal project.

The Revised Design

When I brought my design proposal to my team, they liked where the design was going but wanted to add a couple of features: a distortion effects circuit in addition to the compressor circuit that would produce a more noticeable effect on the sound and an output jack so the effects could be more readily observed. I decided to also include an input preamplifier and an output attenuator that would allow for level adjustment before and after the effects circuits.

Distortion Effect DESIGN

I searched the internet for a few different simple distortion pedal circuits and ended up building a modified version of the MXR Distortion Plus replica design on the General Guitar Gadgets website. This circuit is simply a high-gain amplifier with clipping from two diodes at the output. My design utilizes two diodes instead of one to allow for a greater swing in the output before clipping so this circuit could double as a general purpose amplifier.

INPUT PREAMPLIFIER and Output Attenuator

For the input preamplifier, I used a non-inverting op-amp gain circuit to allow for the high input impedance that is needed. The finished preamplifier has a gain (output level divided by input level) that ranges from 0.32 to 3.49 with a simulated 1Meg output impedance guitar signal. As for the output attenuator, I wanted to give the user the ability to put the signal back in a signal chain so I coupled the output signal to ground with a 4.7uF electrolytic capacitor and provided a voltage divider that allows the output to be attenuated from 520mV peak-to-peak down to 0mV peak-to-peak.

The Final Design

The last time I brought the design to my team, they only suggest minor improvements including: an "Active" LED to the compressor circuit to indicate high compression, a "Power-On" LED, local bypass capacitors for each of the op-amps, and a silk screen that would indicate the proper orientation of the Photon on the shield.

I completed these minor changes in both LTspice and GME and plotted the two different effects in LTspice again to verify that they still functioned as expected.

Fig. 6: Final design of the Photon Guitar Pedal in LTspice.

Figure 7 shows an analysis of the compressor. The green trace is the output of the compressor. The blue trace is the input signal normalized to the maximum gain of the compressor. As you can see the compressor cuts the amplitude almost in half at the higher input levels. The red trace is the output of the LED which stays high throughout the time the chord is being played and returns low after the gain comes within about 5% of the maximum gain.

Fig. 7: Compressor Analysis. The output of the compressor circuit in green is overlaid on an input signal normalized to the circuit's uncompressed gain in blue. The red shows when the LED is on that indicates the compressor Is active.

Figure 8 shows an analysis of the full signal chain. It starts with the raw guitar signal in blue, and continues with the input to the preamplifier in green, the output of the preamplifier in red, the output to the distortion effect in teal, and the attenuated output at the output jack in magenta.

Fig. 8: Here you can see the complete signal chain from the Guitar Source > Input > Preamplified Signal > High-Gain Amplifier > Attenuated Output. You can see the distortion and hard clipping of our over-driven high-gain amplifier.

Finally, as you can see in Figure 9, the top-level model is the MetaMorph Desktop Tools looks strikingly similar to the conceptual diagram of the product in Figure 3. The ability to encapsulate certain sections of the design in conceptual blocks is one of the great benefits of designing with the MetaMorph Tools. Next, I'll show you how the tools were used design the PCB board throughout the process.

Fig. 7: The final Photon Guitar Pedal design in the MetaMorph Desktop Tools.

PCB Design with MetaMorph Desktop Tools

As I mentioned above I modeled the project in the MetaMorph Desktop Tools throughout the whole design process. If you haven't used the Desktop Tools before, I would encourage you to visit the LED Tutorial for a basic introduction to the tools and concepts. To aid in the layout design of the final PCB, I chose to pre-route each of the subcircuits individually and then compose them together to yield the final project PCB. At each stage of the design process, I updated the MetaMorph model with the changes that I made in LTspice and regenerated subcircuit preroutes and a new final board.

Fig. 10: The Audio Distortor subcircuit schematic in the MetaMorph Desktop Tools.

For each of the subcircuits like the one pictured above in Figure 10, I would generate a preroute using the following method:

  1. Run a "PlaceAndRoute" Test Bench on the the subcircuit using a liberal estimate of the size of board space necessary. (For each of these subcircuits I started with a 15mm height and width, but you can just keep running the test bench with a larger and larger board until one places correctly.)
  2. Open the Eagle board file "schema.brd" that is produced in the results folder.
  3. Rip up all the routes.
  4. Rearrange the components in a logical fashion, placing rotary potentiometers and other big components first and ensuring that bypass capacitors were place close to the ICs they were decoupling.
  5. Run the auto-router to see if there is a viable routing given the placement.
  6. Repeat steps 3-5 until there is a working route.
  7. Save the finished board file, close both the MetaMorph Desktop Tools and the Eagle, and use the LayoutReimport.bat file to save that preroute layout in the MetaMorph project.

Fig. 11: Here is the completed preroute of the Distortion Subcircuit in Eagle.

After each of the subcircuits was prerouted, I ran a PlaceAndRoute Test Bench on the Photon Guitar Pedal itself to begin a final layout for the project. Again I chose an extra large board size (100mm height and width) and then shrunk that down as I began to place components and find what would be a reasonable final size. The board ended up being 59mm by 52mm.

Fig. 12: Final layout with subcircuits and other components placed around the Photon Board interface headers.

Note: The six circles that you see on the board that weren't in the project are fiducials that I added to the PCB to allow the placement machine to place all of the parts on our board. There are three on top in red and three on bottom in blue.

Photon Code Development

The Photon serves in multiple capacities for this design. Firstly, it offers a 3.3V supply that powers all the analog circuitry in our design. As you can see in the Photon Datasheet, this regulated output can source up to 100mA of current which is more than enough for the needs of our analog circuit. Secondly the photon allows a number of digital and analog functions:

  • Simulate signals to feed into the pedals to test functionality.
  • Record and send audio to web.*
  • Monitor the gain of the compressor effect.*
  • Register when a cable is inserted and removed from a jack.*

*Recording and sending audio monitoring the gain of the compressor remains possible but unimplemented. Registering when cables are inserted and removed is not possible since the jacks that were ordered had only three pins.

There is both a signal generator and a chord generator firmware that output a constant frequency sine wave and an arpeggiated chord, respectively.  Both of these files have been included in the project files below, in addition to the "Photon Guitar Pedal.ino" file that sets up the Photon to supply power and reduce its noise output.

Design Challenges and Caveats

Audio circuitry design can be complex. I had to pick the values for the resistors and capacitors in the compressor circuit with trial and error. This could take some time if you didn't have a good understanding of the underlying principles and typical voltage and current levels of a circuit like this.

Also, a desired subcircuit or component may not always be available. I had to add a few components to the library myself when I needed specific audio adjustment knobs. We are adding parts to our library every day, so please let us know if there is a part that you need that's not currently available by contacting us at components@metamorphsoftware.com.

Finishing Construction

After the board arrived back from the manufacturer, I had to do a little bit of work to finish populating all the parts. First, the eagle footprint for the 1/4" jack part wasn't exactly correct and as you can see it was going to be quite a squeeze getting the part to fit into the board.  I ended up just using a drill press to enlarge the holes to the correct size and then manual wiring the inputs and output jacks to their correct destinations.  Additionally, the footprint for the potentiometers that I chose was slightly incorrect and I had to trim off a little bit of the metal snaps that hold the potentiometer in place so I could fit it into the slot.

 Fig. 13: Attempting to place the 1/4" Jack on the board.

Fig. 13: Attempting to place the 1/4" Jack on the board.

 Fig. 14: Solution to the incorrect footprint.

Fig. 14: Solution to the incorrect footprint.

 Fig. 15: The nFET moved to the bottom side of the board.

Fig. 15: The nFET moved to the bottom side of the board.

Next, as I started to analyze the performance of the circuit I found that the compression effect wasn't working at all as expected. As I gave the whole circuit a closer examination, I found that the Eagle footprint for the nFET was also incorrect. The part was placed correctly at the manufacturer, and the pinout on my model was correct, but the component itself was incorrectly connected when it was added to the component database. I was luckily able to remove it and solder it into place from the other side (see Figure 15 at right), correcting the connections and restoring expected behavior.

I wanted to make a few modifications that I didn't originally include in the design. For testing purposes, I wanted to be able to use the Photon to provide reference signals directly into the input of the whole system, so I had to wire the "DAC" pin on the Photon to the input of the guitar pedal directly with the yellow wire you see pictured in Figure 15 as well. Lastly, I over underestimated the correct level of many of the input signals that I would be feeding into the compressor circuit. I designed the compressor to operate well between the range of 20mV to 120mV when I was under the impression that most signals would be around 100mV or less, but I discovered shortly after I sent the board to the manufacturer that signals from electric guitars can range up to more than 500mV or so. I decided to add a 1:5 voltage divider at the input of the compressor so that it would operate in the range of 100mV to 600mV.

Compressor Performance

Fig. 16: Compressor Gain vs. input Amplitude, with distortion and compression points.

Overall, I was very pleased with the performance of the guitar pedal.  The compressor worked almost exactly as predicted. Figure 16 shows a comparison between the expected values of gain with respect to the input level. All of these measurements were taken before the voltage divider was added to the board; after my modification a multiplier of about 5.4 applied to the input voltage axis to get the new graph.

I noted the point when the LED that indicates active compression turn on with a red mark. And I observed the output with both headphones and an oscilloscope to mark input amplitude that caused the output to start to get distorted with a green mark. Ideally, a compressor would never distort the signal, but I was very happy with the range of this compressor. The gain was reduced from 65 to 20 before we saw distortion, which means we gained an extra 10dB of headroom.

 Fig. 17: The Compressor in Action using a simulated guitar signal from the Photon.

Fig. 17: The Compressor in Action using a simulated guitar signal from the Photon.

 Fig. 18: The Compressor with a finger snap into a microphone.

Fig. 18: The Compressor with a finger snap into a microphone.

 Fig. 19: The compressor with a signal strumming a chord progression on an electric guitar.

Fig. 19: The compressor with a signal strumming a chord progression on an electric guitar.

Bypass Performance

The bypass works very well, but it does have one small caveat: since the bypass is not a true bypass, the input is amplified and then attenuated back down to the proper level. This means that there can be clipping of the signal if the voltage of the input goes above about 1V pk-pk.

Figure 22 shows an example of this clipping with a real guitar signal coming in that is about 500mV.

Distortion Performance

The distortion circuit is slightly harder to quantify, but listening to it through the headphones yielded a very good sound. The gain potentiometer doesn't serve as a gain adjustment, give it goes into overdrive very quickly, but more like a tone adjustment that altars the sound quality as your rotate the pot.

 Fig. 20: the output of the Distortion subcircuit with an electric guitar chord strum for an input.

Fig. 20: the output of the Distortion subcircuit with an electric guitar chord strum for an input.

 Fig. 21: The bypass circuit with a sine wave signal generated from the Photon.

Fig. 21: The bypass circuit with a sine wave signal generated from the Photon.

 Fig. 22: The Bypass circuit Demonstrating the Clipping that happens at amplitudes greater than 200 millivolts Pk-Pk.

Fig. 22: The Bypass circuit Demonstrating the Clipping that happens at amplitudes greater than 200 millivolts Pk-Pk.

The bill of materials that was generated from the Cost Estimation test bench for a single board quoted the total cost of the parts at $22.91. When I ordered the board from our PCB manufacturer Macrofab, they quoted the parts cost at $56.26. This discrepancy comes from the high number of parts that are not "in house" parts for Macrofab.

At the end of the day with board, parts, placement, labor, and shipping, the total board cost was $116.24. That's not bad considering purchasing comparable distortion and compression effects pedals would cost at least $160.

Things I Could Have Done Better

Throughout the design process there were a number of sacrifices that were made to continue to move the product through the development pipeline. For example, it is really ideal to pour a ground plane to ensure that there is as little noise and interference as possible, but this was ignored due to the relatively low frequency of the audio signals.

I also didn't spend much time learning the nuances of creating flawless audio circuits. I noticed at one point that the compressor circuit has a slightly asymmetrical gain during compression, but I wasn't able to spend a lot of time investigating the source of this anomaly. If you wanted to design a guitar pedal of your own to use on your pedal board, you could study a number of designs and learn exactly what is going to produce a good sound, including a more thoughtful board layout, extra filters, and specific audio components.

I didn't look to closely at my manufacturers pricing for each of the parts on the bill of materials. For example after I ordered my board, I found a 0402-package capacitor that was used three times on my board at $1.28. A comparable 0603-package capacitor was only $0.12. Changing these resistors in my design before purchase would have saved a total of $3.49. Similarly, I noticed that the 0.1%-tolerance precision resistors used in many of the voltage dividers were notably more expensive than their 1%-tolerance counterparts. Next time I will be less interested in making the design as small as possible when I don't have any size constraints to speak of.

  • 38 - Hours Spent Designing the Board
  • 3 - Design and Review Cycles
  • 56 - Total Parts
  • 402 - Hours Spent waiting to get PCB back from Macrofab
  • 5 - Hours lost to "technical difficulties"
  • 5/5 - Success rate of board functions

Now I have a working effects pedal that also allows me to process, record, and output a guitar signal using my Photon. Overall, I am pleased that I was able to bring this project from its conception to sending it off to the PCB manufacturers in a little over a week. The MetaMorph Tools were an integral part of my workflow and allowed me to quickly build my PCB at each stage of the design. As the analog simulation abilities of the MetaMorph Tools continue to develop, it would be my hope that I could complete the whole process of the design and development with a single model in the MetaMorph environment without having to build a secondary model like I did in LTspice.

The analog simulation abilities of the MetaMorph Web Tools were implemented after the design of this circuit, but check out the Photon Guitar Pedal Redesign where I reconstructed and tested the whole project using the MetaMorph Web Tools.

Include all the datasheets and other links for the project, including a link to copy of the final project on the MetaMorph Web Tools.


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Once associated with your grandma’s sitting room, wallpaper has made a remarkable comeback. Hanging paper on your walls adds personal style to your home. From striking motifs to subtle texture, wallpaper makes a unique design statement. In this post, we look at interior decorating ideas for wallpaper that can make a big impact on a minimal budget.

Feature it

Hang your favourite wallpaper pattern on a single wall to add a bit of oomph to your bedroom. The feature wall approach can be especially effective with a bold, bright pattern that might otherwise overwhelm a room.

You can also paper one wall and hang a mirror on the wall opposite. This creates an echo of the print without the expense of papering both walls.

Frame it

You don't have to paper an entire wall to get a big effect. Create your own wall art by cutting out squares of wallpaper in patterns and framing them. Hang them in a rectangle shape on the wall for easy, eye-catching art.

Live it

Create an impact by repeating elements of your interior design. Love Scandinavian design? Then choose wallpaper with a strong Scandinavian theme.

Where to put it

Bedrooms and living areas are the obvious choices, but what about the hallway? You have more liberty with your choice of patterns in an entrance way because you don't need to match a room full of furniture.

Type of wallpaper

There are as many types of wallpaper as there are places to put it. Certain wallpapers are more durable and washable and suited for heavy use areas such as family rooms and kids’ bedrooms. Some wallpapers can withstand humidity and moisture and work well in kitchens and bathrooms.

How much do I need?

You’ll need to know the area of your room's walls (tip: measure your ceiling height by the wall width) to determine how much wallpaper you need. Always round your measurements up and don't deduct doorways and windows to ensure you have enough wallpaper to cover the space.

Where do I find it?

Wallpaper is available in paint and hardware stores, specialty wallpaper shops and online. You won't have trouble finding it but you might have a hard time choosing between the thousands of designs available!


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Die-namics Wine Tag

Be the first to review this product

MFT Die-namics, our very own exclusive American-made line of steel dies.

Die-namics dies work with your favorite die-cutting machine.

Availability: In stock

The Wine Tag Die-namics is the perfect answer for arriving in style with a gift the hostess will love! This die includes an open circle with stitched detail around that perimeter and can be place on any type of beverage with a bottleneck — from water, sparkling cider, and soda pop to whiskey, tequila, or wine — the possibilities are endless! The fold line allows the tag to hang nicely. You’ll find that this Die-namics affords a myriad of uses including hostess gifts, birthday/retirement gifts, baby and wedding showers, and wine-tasting parties to name a few. Pair it with our Cheers and Wine Service Die-namics and Uncorked stamp set for ultimate personalization and fun. Cheers to the Wine Tag Die-namics!

This Wine Tag Die-namics measures 3” x 7 1/2” with a circular opening measuring 2” in diameter.

MFT Die-namics dies are our very own EXCLUSIVE, American made line of steel dies.

Die-namics dies work with most tabletop die cutting machines such as the Big Shot & Cuttlebug.

See the full February 2017 Playlist HERE or watch below:

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VMware VCP-310 Dumps

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Planning Update: Adequacy of Reasons in Planning Permission Decisions

04 September 2018

A recent case before the Supreme Court, Connelly v An Bord Pleanála & Ors [2018] IESC 31, concerned the application for permission for a wind farm development consisting of six turbines which was initially turned down by Clare County Council in 2011, but was later granted permission in 2014 as a result of an appeal to the Planning Board. Ms Connelly, a local resident, then brought judicial review proceedings challenging the Board’s decision. The High Court ruled in favour of Ms Connelly and quashed the Board’s decision. The Board applied to the Supreme Court and was granted leave to bring a leapfrog appeal direct to the Supreme Court.

The central issue before the High Court and Supreme Court was whether adequate reasons were given by the Board in its decision (the Decision). In the Decision, the Board stated that it was satisfied that the information before it was adequate to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and an Appropriate Assessment (AA) for the proposed development.

General observations

The Supreme Court observed that the legal requirements which relate to different types of decisions can vary significantly depending on the circumstances. In certain decisions, a decision maker may be required to determine whether very precise criteria are met, while other decisions will involve much broader considerations and a level of judgment on the part of the decision maker.

The purpose behind reasons

The court identified two separate but closely related requirements at national law regarding the adequacy of any reasons:

  1. any person affected by a decision is at least entitled to know in general terms why the decision was made; and
  2. a person is entitled to have enough information to consider whether they can or should seek to avail of any appeal or to bring judicial review of a decision. Also the reasons provided must be such as to allow a court hearing an appeal from or reviewing a decision to actually engage properly in such an appeal or review.

The application of these requirements will vary greatly from case to case.

Where can the reasons be found?

The reasons for a decision may be obtained in a number of ways. These can include those garnered from a range of documents, from the context of the decision, or in some other way. However, this is always subject to the requirement that the reasons must actually be ascertainable and capable of being determined.

European Union law

In a case to which the environment impact assessment (EIA) regime applies, even though the general principle remains the same, the decision must be sufficiently clear to enable any interested party to consider whether they may have grounds to challenge the decision on the basis that an adequate EIA had not been conducted. This requires that the decision, or other relevant and connected materials available to any interested party, must demonstrate that an EIA was carried out and that the decision maker properly had regard to the results of the EIA in coming to its conclusion.

In order for a valid appropriate assessment (AA) to have been conducted, there must be a precise identification of the potential risks and precise scientific findings to allay any fear of those risks coming to pass.

This aspect is not, strictly speaking, a reasons issue. The issue concerns the validity of an AA decision which gives jurisdiction to the Board to grant permission. There must be complete, precise and definitive findings and conclusions which support the ultimate conclusion.

The Supreme Court concluded that the trial judge imposed too exacting a standard on the Board in respect of the obligation under national law to give reasons. The Court was satisfied that the reasons given were adequate to enable any interested party to know why the Decision was made to grant development consent and to consider whether there was any legitimate basis for seeking to mount a challenge.

The Court was also satisfied that the Decision and any other materials which were either expressly referred to in it, or can be taken by necessary implication to form part of the reasoning, provide adequate information to enable any interested party to assess whether an appropriate EIA had been carried out.

Neither the Decision itself nor any other materials which were expressly referred to in the Decision, or must be taken by necessary implication to form part of the process leading to the ultimate determination of the Board, can be shown to contain the sort of complete, precise and definitive findings which would underpin a conclusion that no reasonable scientific doubt remained as to the absence of any identified potential detrimental effects on a protected site having regard to its conservation objectives. Findings such as these are a necessary pre-condition to the Board having jurisdiction to grant development consent in a case where it is determined that an AA is required. Accordingly, the Court held that the permission granted in this case must be quashed.

In relation to the other issues raised in the appeal, the Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the High Court.

For more information and expert advice on seeking planning consent for your development, contact a member of our Planning & Environment team.

The content of this article is provided for information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other advice.

Discuss your planning law queries now with Deirdre Nagle.


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Events: November 20, 2018

Paola Pivi: Art With A View

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Art with a view at The Bass presents new work by the artist, as well as Pivi's anthropomorphic, feather-covered polar bears; canvases of cascading pearls; video showing fish in flight on a passenger jet; and a 65-foot inflatable ladder. Each piece poses questions and is defined by its openness to interpretation, through the appropriation of cultural symbols.

Bass Museum of Art
2100 Collins Avenue, Miami Beach, FL 33139 (Map)

Contact Information

Going West

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 at 5:00 PM - English

An unemployed music teacher takes his estranged transgender father on a road trip to the west coast of Norway in order to honor his late mother's excellent quilting skills. It’s a mostly playful affair with splashes of drama and everyday tragedy. The film cheerfully avoids the most tired clichés associated with the road movie genre and takes an honest and refreshing look at Georg's transgender identity and the effects it has on everyone. Tender, quirky and spunky, Going West is a warm and touching feel good film about life, loss and love.

Show video >>

The Classic Gateway Theatre
1820 E Sunrise Blvd, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304 (Map)

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Tony AwardÂ®-winning Broadway legend Betty Buckley stars in HELLO, DOLLY! – the universally acclaimed smash that NPR calls “the best show of the year!” and the Los Angeles Times says “distills the mood-elevating properties of the American musical at its giddy best.” Winner of four Tony Awards including Best Musical Revival, director Jerry Zaks’ “gorgeous” new production (Vogue) is “making people crazy happy!” (The Washington Post).

Breaking box office records week after week and receiving unanimous raves on Broadway, this HELLO, DOLLY! pays tribute to the original work of legendary director/choreographer Gower Champion – hailed both then and now as one of the greatest stagings in musical theater history. Rolling Stone calls it “a must-see event. A musical comedy dream. If you’re lucky enough to score a ticket, you’ll be seeing something historic. Wow, wow, wow, indeed!”

  • *Tickets start at $34

Show video >>

Adrienne Arsht Center
1300 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132 (Map)

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Russian String Orchestra and Clarinetist Alex Fiterstein

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 7:30 PM to 9:00 PM - English

Misha Rachlevsky, conductorThe FIU School of Music and the Friends of Chamber Music of Miami bring you a glorious program of classical music when Moscow's finest young string ensemble, the Russian String Orchestra, brings its virtuosity amd warmth to the Wertheim Concert Hall. The Russian String Orchestra, formerly known as Chamber Orchestra Kremlin, has performed to acclaim under the creative mastery of its founder and music director Misha Rachlevsky. The orchestra's discography of more than 30 CDs has received widespread accolades, such as the Diapason d'OR award in France, Critics Choice in London's Gramophone, Record of the Year award in Hong Kong and Critics Choice in The New York Times.

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About the orchestra

Founded in 1991, the orchestra, comprised of some of Russia's finest young string players, has carved a niche for itself under the creative baton of its founder and music director Misha Rachlevsky. Whether it is the highly-acclaimed CDs or its mesmerizing concerts, Chamber Orchestra Kremlin's warmth and high energy create addictive performances that stay with listeners long after the last note has been played.

About half of nearly 2,000 concerts the orchestra has performed to date have taken place in Moscow, the rest were played on tours in 25 countries in North and South America, Europe and the Far East. The orchestra's discography of over 30 CDs has received widespread international acclaim, such as the Diapason d'Or award in France, Critics Choice in London's Gramophone, Critics Choice in The New York Times, and Record of the Year award in Hong Kong.

The signature quality of the orchestra is the depth and variety of its repertoire - over 1000 compositions from early baroque to works written on commission from Misha Rachlevsky and the orchestra by composers from Russia, Europe and the USA. The orchestra prides itself in offering interesting and often unique programs, not only for its home audience, but on tour as well.

From Frankfurter Allgemeine, summarizing its review of the orchestra's debut at Frankfurt's Alte Oper: "The evening with this ensemble, which boasts to be made up of Moscow's best musicians, completely eliminated any doubts with regard to this statement."

Herbert and Nicole Wertheim Performing Arts Center
10910 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33199 (Map)

Horizons Jazz Orchestra

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM - English

$10 Entertainment Fee

Plenty of parking in lot -- Great Early Bird Specials (before 7:00) and 2 for 1 all night long!!! See you there!

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Ladies and Gentlemen, and Kids, The HORIZONS JAZZ ORCHESTRA:

Woodwinds: Ross Goldman, Luis Amat, Scott Klarman, Alex Weitz and Michael Brignola

Trombones: Michael Balogh - Musical Director/lead, Gary Kaback, Tom Warfel and Wes Thompson on bass trombone

Trumpets: Jesus Mato, Seth Merlin, Ray Chicalo and Cesare Turner

Rhythm Section: Ralph Dovidio on piano, Ariel Dlp on bass and George Mazzeo on drums

American Rock Cafe and Grill
1600 East Hillsboro Blvd., Deerfield Beach, FL 33441 (Map)

Contact Information

Documenta II: Religiosity & Civilization Latin American Art Pavilion

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM - English

The Pompano Beach Cultural Center Presents Documenta II: Religiosity and CivilizationLatin American Art Pavilion Exhibit Reflects All Beliefs in Stunning Paintings, Photographs and Prints POMPANO BEACH, FLA. The Pompano Beach Cultural Center, in collaboration with the Latin American Art Pavilion (LAAP), presents a glorious new exhibit curated by Anaibis Yero, featuring the art work of over a dozen acclaimed photographers, painters and printmakers. Documenta is an annual exhibition the Latin American Art Pavilion has created to be a social message through the visual arts. This year's theme has been "Religiosity - Civilization."

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"Religiosity is defined as the religious activity, devotion and belief of each person. It is the inner reflection that each believer offers about what he venerates in a spiritual way," explained Maria Napoles, founder of LAAP.This exhibit addresses broad and complicated issues that affect the social life, the philosophical world and the religious aspect of human beings. Through each artist's vision, viewers are introduced to various religious expressions, scenes and interpretations. The result is a great mosaic of faith that although its rituals are specific to each of the religious beliefs, they all point towards the same goal.The works on display include photographs from many of the artists' travels and feature the baobab tree in Africa, the Naga in Cambodia, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, men in prayer by the Wailing Wall in Israel and Cashmere Muslim women. There are also collaborations between artists from different hemispheres, which reflect the true spirit of the collection."This is a fascinating tour of the world's major religious and cultures," said Phyllis Korab, Pompano Beach Cultural Affairs Department director. "Through these captured moments in time, we become intimately aware of the beliefs and conditions that define the social and philosophical development of the individual."Featured artists include Luis Castaneda, Carlos Bueno, Ivonette Leite, Mila Mori, Pamella Herpio, Vilma Volcanes, Marta Cabane-Navarro, Luis Cabrera, Guillermo Portieles, Luis Valle, Sheila Fraga, David Velazquez, Diego Cano, Luisa Fernanda Linares and Teo Beceiro.

Pompano Beach Cultural Center
50 West Atlantic Blvd, Pompano Beach, FL 33060 (Map)

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The Writing on the Wall

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Hank Willis Thomas and Dr. Baz Dreisinger

A collaborative installation, The Writing on the Wall: Hank Willis Thomas and Dr. Baz Dreisinger presents essays, poems, letters, stories, diagrams, and notes written by individuals in prison around the world, from the United States and Australia to Brazil, Norway and Uganda. During her years teaching in US and international prisons, Professor Dreisinger actively collected the hand-written and typed pieces.

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The Writing on the Wall calls attention to the prison crisis in the United States as well as the Western modern prison system, which has spread across the globe. Just as mass incarceration is a growing global phenomenon, The Writing on the Wall constantly evolves and shifts focus based on the material written by those living behind bars in prisons around the world.

This exhibition is a part of the For Freedoms initiative founded by artists Hank Willis Thomas and Eric Gottesman. For Freedoms is a platform for civic engagement, discourse, and direct action for artists in the United States. Inspired by artist Norman Rockwell’s paintings of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms (1941)—freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear— For Freedoms uses art to encourage and deepen public explorations of freedom in the 21st century.

We are grateful to members of the Frost Art Museum for their support of this exhibition. The Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum FIU receives ongoing support from the Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs and the Cultural Affairs Council, the Miami-Dade County Mayor and Board of County Commissioners; the Department of State, Division of Cultural Affairs, the Florida Council on Arts and Culture and the State of Florida.

Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum
10975 SW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33199 (Map)

Relational Undercurrents

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Relational Undercurrents is the first major survey of twenty-first century art of the Caribbean. The archipelago serves as an analytical framework, focusing on thematic continuities in the art of the Caribbean islands. Relational Undercurrents works against traditional understandings of the Caribbean as discontinuous—isolated and beyond comprehension as a result of heterogeneous populations, multiple linguistic traditions, and diverse colonial histories. The exhibition is divided into four sections: Conceptual Mappings, Perpetual Horizons, Landscape Ecologies, and Representational Acts. Each grouping features artists whose works have informed and shaped those themes. Relational Undercurrents includes painting, installation art, sculpture, photography, video, and performance.

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Curated by Tatiana Flores, Associate Professor of Art History and Latino and Caribbean Studies at Rutgers University, this exhibition was organized by the Museum of Latin American Art in Long Beach, California, as part of The Getty Foundation’s Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA, an initiative examining the artistic legacy of Latin America and U.S. Latinos through a series of exhibitions and related programs.

The accompanying catalogue includes essays by curators, critics, and scholars that discuss particular artistic traditions in Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Haitian art, and theorize the broader decolonial and archipelagic conceptual frameworks. The catalogue is coedited by Tatiana Flores and Michelle Ann Stephens, Professor of English and Latino and Caribbean Studies at Rutgers University, New Brunswick.

Support for this exhibition is made possible through the FUNDING ARTS NETWORK, INC.

Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum
10975 SW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33199 (Map)

Felice Grodin: Invasive Species

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Augmented Reality (AR) Exhibition

Felice Grodin: Invasive Species is a virtually interactive, digital exhibition of commissioned works by Miami-based artist Felice Grodin. The series employs the immersive technology of augmented reality (AR), and is accessible to visitors using iOS devices in PAMM’s outdoor areas and in the Padma and Raj Vattikuti Learning Theater on the museum’s first floor. This AR project is made possible thanks to a generous grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.

Show video >>
Show more >>

Influenced by geophilosophy—a field of thought shaped by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari that analyzes the relationship between physical and mental territories—Grodin draws on her training as an architect to explore the mutable within landscape, architecture, and her urban surroundings. Felice Grodin: Invasive Species interacts with PAMM’s architecture, evolving and transforming the museum’s environment for the duration of the exhibition.

Featuring a total of four digital works, the show launches with two AR site-specific works—Mezzbug and Terrafish (both 2017)—that engage with and virtually enhance the museum’s building. In Terrafish, Grodin overlaps PAMM’s hanging gardens on the waterfront terrace with the translucent body of a digital species she created, which is suggestive of nonnative jellyfish found in South Florida waters. By drawing on the destructive impact of invasive species and creating a new digital environment, Grodin highlights the transformative and unstable state of our ecosystem, speculating about a not-so-distant future affected by climate change and overtaken by uncanny creatures.

Felice Grodin: Invasive Species is an augmented reality exhibition that can be viewed via the PAMM App which is available for free from the App Store on iPhone or iPad. iOS 11.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone 6s, iPhone SE, iPad Pro, and newer.

Pérez Art Museum Miami (PAMM)
1103 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132 (Map)

Contact Information

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM - English

Through five thematic sections, Connectivity: Selections from the Collection of the Frost Art Museum examines how art objects, created across cultures and during different time periods, relate to one another and to myriad publics. In the first section, the notion of individuality emanates through an examination of portraiture and different representations of the figure. The exhibition explores shifting notions of dress and comparative elements such as gesture and pose. The second section considers belief systems, with an emphasis on myths and organized religions. Abstract languages comprise the third section and offer an opportunity to analyze works that implement color, line, and form in dynamic ways. Whether it is a longing for home or the memory of a cherished street corner, geographic spaces examines how the notion of place serves as a creative catalyst. The final section reflects on this particular moment and evokes the effects of war, climate change, and the general uneasiness of a citizenry during turbulent times.

Connectivity shares recent gifts, celebrates the collection’s treasures, and includes rarely seen objects from the vaults collected over the past 40 years since the museum’s inception in 1978. Select objects featured in the installation will be rotated periodically.

Florida International University
10975 S.W. 17th Street, Miami, FL 33199 (Map)

Contact Information

Depicting Hemingway: Guy Harvey Sketches The Old Man and the Sea

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM - English

A collection of 59 pen-and-ink illustrations by world-renowned artist, conservationist, scientistand entrepreneur Dr. Guy Harvey is now in display alongthe grand staircase of theKey West Art & Historical Society’s Custom House Museum, 281 Front Street in Key West. The exhibit is on loanindefinitely by Dave and Cheryl Copham.

Show more >>

Titled “Depicting Hemingway: Guy Harvey Sketches The Old Man and the Sea,”the exhibit is based on the tale of Santiago the fisherman and his battle with the marlin in Ernest Hemingway’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. The Old Man and the Sea was introduced to Dr. Harvey by his mother when he was 11 years old and it instantly fascinated him, becoming his biggest inspiration to become an artist and begin depicting marine life. The 59 pieces were drawn by Dr. Harvey over the course of a year while attending boarding school England as a teenager.According to Dr. Harvey, the range of media he uses today was all developed from this illustrative pen and ink style.

Admission is $10 for adults, $5 for children 6 and up, and free for children under 6. Monroe County students also receive complimentary admission with ID and all other students can enter the museum for $5.

The Custom House Museum is one of four museums stewarded by Key West Art & Historical Society, all of which are listed in TripAdvisor’s “10 Best Museums in Key West.”

Custom House Museum
281 Front St, Key West, FL 33040 (Map)

Contact Information

Miami Hispanic Cultural Arts Center

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 1:00 AM to 7:00 PM - English

Miami Hispanic Cultural Arts Center located on 111 SW 5 Ave. in Little Havana area, is the only cultural center offering a variety of cultural activities during the year: Art Exhibits, Literary Encounters, Poetry Readings, Theater Plays and Readings, Book Presentations, among others, as well as Ballet Training from beginers to professionals.

Open every day from 10 am to 7:00 pm.

Miami Hispanic Cultural Arts Center
111 SW 5 Ave., Miami, FL 33130 (Map)

Contact Information

Eriberto Jimenez

Seminole Art Scene from the Frontlines

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

This show will feature a full spectrum of contemporary works by Seminole artists Elgin Jumper, Jimmy Osceola, Jessica Osceola, Stephanie Hall and Gordon Oliver Wareham. Each piece brings a depth of connection to the the land, its history and future through the varied use of color, texture and media.

Opening at noon Sunday, December 2nd with an artist led gallery tour followed by a panel discussion at 2 pm "State of the Native Art Scene." The show will continue through January 28th.

Free to members of the Fort Lauderdale Historical Society and Art Basel VIP card holders. Open to the public with limited tickets available. RSVP suggested. Ticket sales open October 1st.

New River Inn Building
231 Southwest 2nd Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 (Map)

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Images And Writings Of Robert G. Zuckerman

FIU CARTA Distinguished Affiliate and top-ranked photographer Robert G. Zuckerman has mounted an amazing exhibition featuring his collection of photographs and writings focused on the diverse and fascinating individuals he encounters in South Florida. Sponsored by a City of Miami Beach Cultural Anchors Grant.

Miami Beach Urban Studios
420 Lincoln Rd. Suite 440, Miami Beach, FL 33139 (Map)

Superflex: We Are All in The Same Boat

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 1:00 PM to 6:00 PM - English

Museum of Art and Design at Miami Dade College presents SUPERFLEX: We Are All in the Same Boat, the first large-scale exhibition of the critically acclaimed Danish collective SUPERFLEX in the United States. The exhibition will focus on the group’s humorous and playfully subversive installations and films that deal with the economy, financial crisis, corruption, migration, and the possible consequences of global warming.The exhibition will include a group of video, sculpture, and installation works selected for their relevance to the history, present, and future of the City of Miami. The works will reflect upon the situation of Miami from the perspectives of art, finance, climate, and a fictional, if plausible, future. The topics of water, migration, refugees, and the economy inevitably drive the conception.

Freedom Tower
600 Biscayne Boulevard, Miami, FL 33132 (Map)

Contact Information

Creatures Of Light

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 various times - English

Get ready to shed some light on these extraordinary organisms during Creatures of Light: Nature’s Bioluminescence, opening Saturday, October 6 in the Hsiao Family Special Exhibition Gallery. From the flickering fireflies found in backyards around the world to the alien-like deep-sea fishes and other fantastic creatures that illuminate the perpetually dark depths of the oceans, you’ll explore the biology behind these amazing creatures through interactive experiences and recreated environments.

Creatures of Light will be on view from Saturday, October 6, 2018 through Sunday, April 21, 2019. Admission to Creatures of Light is included in all museum admission tickets.

Creatures of Light is organized by the American Museum of Natural History, New York www.amnh.org, in collaboration with the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada; and The Field Museum, Chicago.

Frost Science Museum
1101 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, FL 33132 (Map)

West Campus Gallery Presents First Faculty and Staff Exhibition

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM - English

Miami Dade College’s (MDC) West Campus Gallery will host its first ever Faculty and Staff Exhibition with a public reception, Wednesday, Oct. 17, at noon. The exhibition will be on display through Dec. 21.

The inaugural faculty and staff show will feature recent artwork by current faculty and staff from West Campus and highlights the artistry and inspiration found among colleagues. Faculty and campus staff were invited to participate by submitting recent work in their respective artistic mediums or fields of interests. Work and exploration of more than 16 individuals are represented and includes the mediums of: painting, printmaking, photography, fabrics, visual and audio communications.

The work on display represents the activity and interests of the individual members of the faculty and staff at West Campus. The exhibition will allow visitors and students to see these talented individuals outside of their traditional classroom or work setting.

MDC's West Campus, Gallery
3800 NW 115th Ave., Doral, FL 33178 (Map)

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Art Exhibit: Gustavo Novoa

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 9:00 AM to 5:00 AM - English

We are excited to launch our new gallery space with a premier installation of Chilean born Gustavo Novoa. In the early 1970's his one-man shows in New York, Paris, Palm Beach and Beverly Hills established him as a champion of ecology and wildlife preservation. His animals were primitive and painted in lush and colorful backgrounds. Novoa's Book Jungle Fables was sponsored by ArtesMiami, a non profit Literary Foundation. The book enacts the old conflict of Vice and Virtue, but in poetry rhymes. Felines speak eloquently about the old dilemma; right or wrong? Leopards, lions, elephants, monkeys, panthers and even peacocks are all in search of answers. They might not find them, but their poetic interaction finds us very entertained. Signed copies and gicl © es will be available for purchase in the Botanical Boutique.

Miami Beach Botanical Gardens
2000 Convention Center Dr., Miami Beach, FL 33139 (Map)

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Michael Todd

Seminole Art Scene from the Frontlines, A Fine Art Exhibit, at History

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 at 12:00 PM - English

History Fort Lauderdale presents a full spectrum of contemporary works by multi-generational Native American artists that honors the history of the land we now call Fort Lauderdale and the legacy of Seminole Tribe ancestors.

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History Fort Lauderdale presents a full spectrum of contemporary works by multi-generational Native American artists. Honoring the history of the land we now call Fort Lauderdale and the legacy of Seminole Tribe ancestors, “Seminole Art Scene from the Frontlines” fine art exhibit will be the centerpiece of the history museum’s Native America Heritage Month celebration featuring works from Elgin Jumper, Jimmy Osceola, Jessica Osceola, Gordon Oliver Wareham, Brian Zepeda, Erica Deitz, Samuel Tommie and Stephanie Hall. The exhibit runs through January 28, 2019.

 Free with Museum Admission; general admission - $15 for adults; $12 for seniors and $7 for students (through age 22 with a valid student ID). Admission is always free for members, military and children ages six and under.

 “Seminole Art Scene from the Frontlines,” is part of History Fort Lauderdale’s “Fall in Love” Florida resident discount program. “Fall in Love” will offer residents a chance to experience history in the heart of Downtown Fort Lauderdale, participate in activities and view new exhibits at 50% off general admission each visit through November 30 (some exclusions apply) and receive 25% off of a $100 yearly membership which includes admission to hundreds of museums around the US through the Southeast Museums Reciprocal Program.

For more information about History Fort Lauderdale, call (954) 463-4431 or visit us online at www.fortlauderdalehistoricalsociety.org and follow us on Facebook at facebook.com/ftlhistory on Instagram @ftlhistory and on Twitter @FLLhistory.

History Fort Lauderdale
231 SW 2nd Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 (Map)

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Patricia Zeiler

The Exile Experience: A Journey to Freedom

Tuesday, Nov 20, 2018 from 12:00 PM to 5:00 PM - English

The Exile Experience: Journey to Freedom is a pictorial account of the struggles that the Cuban exile community has endured since Fidel Castro's rise to power, and the successes they have achieved in the United States. Having covered the Cuban exile community and its struggle for freedom extensively throughout the years, Miami Dade College and The Miami Herald Media Company now present this journalistic chronology, which showcases the spirit and accomplishments of the Cuban American community. The permanent exhibition is housed at the College’s National Historic Landmark Freedom Tower, itself central to the story of Cubans in the United States.

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MDC’s Freedom Tower was operated by the U.S. Government as a reception center for Cuban refugees from 1962 to 1974. “The building is significant because it represents the important story of the Cuban exodus to America and resettlement during the Cold War,” reports the U.S. Department of the Interior, which has also called the Freedom Tower the “Ellis Island of the South.” Though it operated in that capacity for only 12 years, the building has become an icon representing the faith that democracy brought to troubled lives, the generosity of the American people and a hopeful beginning that assured thousands a new life in a new land.

MDC Museum of Art + Design
600 Biscayne Blvd., MIAMI, FL 33132 (Map)

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MDC Museum of Art + Design

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How to Travel Light…and Save Money

How to Travel Light…and Save Money

I LOOOOVE a city break.

I HAAAATE packing.

It’s such a pain in the ass.  Not that you’d think so if you’ve ever read one of those cheery 10 Tips For Stress-Free Packing type articles, where all you have to do is opt for a capsule wardrobe – say, blue and white with an accent of tangerine – and the next thing you know you’re lying on a lounger, sipping a Pina Colada, turning a gorgeous shade of pink.

Well, sorry to burst your bubble, but real life is not like…not mine anyway.

To start with, I don’t have much tangerine in my wardrobe, and then there’s The Shoe Issue.  I want to look like I’m wearing Jimmy Choos, and feel like I am wearing Hotters. Alas, the impossible dream. I tend to compromise with a nice, sensible, mid-heel wedge.

Jimmy Choo stiletto beside sensible walking shoe

Choo or Hoot?

Added to that my life-long mission to NEVER, EVER, EVER take hold luggage, unless it’s free or I am going to the Maldives, for at least a fortnight – so until either of those miracles transpire, I refuse, damn it, to pay £50 to take a suitcase on a flight that cost me £45.

So, here is Aunty Jill’s 3-day Holiday Packing Countdown (it involves Gin!)

 D(eparture) Day minus 3- Preparation

With the determination of a young Madonna (the Get into the Groove one, not the Virgin one) dig out your carry on suitcase and all the clothes that you want to fit into it, frown, pour yourself a gin and tonic and catch up on Big Little Lies.

A pile of clothes to sort through before packing

Hmmm…time for a gin n tonic

D-Day minus 2 – Planning

It’s time to put on a washing and go shopping for travel-sized toiletries, that won’t be confiscated by over-zealous airport security operatives.

D-Day minus 1 – Elimination and Packing

Now the hard bit. Discard anything too small or horrible or anything that’s not blue, white or tangerine, with the aim of ending up with a pile that should just about fit in your case.

Pour another gin and tonic, and move on to the actual packing, using my RSS METHOD

 R  – ROLL

Lay four similar sized items on top of each other and roll like billy-o

…random things in between the rolled things.

…and I mean stuff, REALLY HARD, everything else between the rolled and squashed things

Travel Light and save money

Roll. Stuff. Squash.

And 3 more things to do on Departure Day…

Wear everything else that you decide to take at the last minute but can’t fit into your suitcase.

In my experience, it’s perfectly possible to be reasonably comfortable traveling while wearing a bikini, nightie, t-shirt, jumper, jacket, leggings, combat trousers, hat, sunglasses and carrying an umbrella.

Take a VERY VERY large handbag

…for your passport, keys, purse, money – UK and foreign – hard sweets (to stop mid-air ear drum agony), jewellery, spare contact lenses and sunglasses, all your liquids, hair straighteners, your mobile and Mac, assorted chargers, that work you didn’t manage to finish, a book, some socks, that birthday card you forgot to post, water, snacks and all the things you can’t fit in your  suitcase or wear.

Once you are through security, buy something.

…anything –  a packet of polo mints will do – and ask for the largest plastic bag that WH Smith will give you for 5p, then stuff it full of the things that are bulging out of your handbag

So there you have it….the satisfaction of knowing that you, rather than Ryanair, are £50 better off. Now, who doesn’t get a wee glow of please at that thought?

Word of Warning –  I always forget something when I travel. Never my passport (I go through too many Paranoid Passport Checks for that)  but it has been known for me to arrive for a long weekend without any pants. Hey ho, there’s always a Zara nearby.

Don’t miss a trick…you can also find me on…

Twitter @MidlifeSmarts

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Pop your email in to join the gang & I'll drop you a line when a new post goes live

  1. 10 March 2018 / 9:23 am

    Probably the most realistic “how to pack light” I’ve ever read 😂 I’m such a nightmare when it comes to packing lightly and this brought me great joy! Thank you!
    Jas xx

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 9:25 am

      Hey Jas thanks for that. Yes I read all these amazing tips on how to pack and can never actually put them in to practise and always end up with a bulging handbag and 2 carrier bags!! JIll x

  2. 10 March 2018 / 9:23 am

    Heaven forbid you get a strip search in your airport outfit! I do get it – so annoying to be told to pay extra for things which are actually essential. And, whoever realised that rolling was a) easier and b) more efficient that folding deserves a nobel prize!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 9:26 am

      So true – took me years to discover ‘rolling’ and stuffing things in shoes helps too! Althought I do always end up a bulging handbag no matter what I do!

  3. 10 March 2018 / 9:27 am

    Unfortunately, many airlines are now reducing the amount of hand luggage and Easyjet is one of them. Annoying to say the least!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 9:30 am

      Hey Suz, yes it makes travelling all the more stressful. Sometimes I just give in and take a bag for the hold. Thanks for popping on . JIll

  4. 10 March 2018 / 9:30 am

    Love all your advice Jill! Now to book a trip to use it!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 9:31 am

      Thanx Ritu Yes I NEED some sunshine !!

  5. 10 March 2018 / 9:51 am

    Always your posts are treasure house of great sense of humor, and thoroughly enjoyed this travel packing tips from your blog…..:)

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 11:36 am

      Hey Anindya thanks for that – that’s so great to hear. JIll

  6. 10 March 2018 / 9:52 am

    As always an entertaining read! Could’ve done with reading this before my trip! I must try the rolling trick though!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 11:37 am

      Rolling Rocks – you know what I mean. Shoes are always the big problem. Jx

  7. 10 March 2018 / 9:54 am

    I also like to bring a very large tote bag! As much as I like rolling clothes, my clothes (esp blouses) have lots of creases ;( I hate ironing. lol. Great tips!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 11:38 am

      Hey Carmen a large bag is A MUST!! Sometimes mine is so heavy I need a trolley just for my handbag! Thanks for popping on. Jill

  8. 10 March 2018 / 10:27 am

    I frequently wear several outfits at once when flying. I look like the Stay-Puff Marshmallow man, but I get to bring all of my stuff with me!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 11:39 am

      Me too! Especially when travelling outwith summer and not sure what the weather will be like. Thanks for popping on. Jill x

  9. 10 March 2018 / 11:17 am

    I’m all about wearing extra clothes that won’t fit in your bag. Do airlines in the U.K. really charge 50 GBP to check a bag? I don’t blame you for not wanting too! It’s about 18 GBP in the States. (yes, I couldn’t figure out how to get the pound sign on an American keyboard)

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 11:36 am

      Hey Phil – yes – often taking a bag is more expensive than booking the seat. It’s crazy! Thanks for popping on JIll

  10. 10 March 2018 / 12:04 pm

    That is how I travel. Carry-on which I can get a lot in. I take a backpack for my handbag, like you a ton of stuff in it. I put a small flat pursue in my carry-on to use later.

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 12:06 pm

      Smart Gal.
      The cost of taking on a suitcase is crazy. I’d rather wear on my clothes on the flight! Thanks for commenting

  11. 10 March 2018 / 12:57 pm

    Nice one. I wish you have something for men too! LOL!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 1:06 pm

      Oh thanks. Similar plan for men – you are lucky as you need less cosmetics!! I’d love a male guest blogger at one point. Jill

  12. 10 March 2018 / 1:04 pm

    This had me laughing so hard! Really a delight to take a break and just laugh! I actually almost never get the chance to fly and I have a trip coming next fall where I will actually be taking an airplane! I know it sounds silly to those who travel a lot but its really exciting to me! So I will take all your tips to heart! Thank you! This was really a lot of fun!

    • Jill
      10 March 2018 / 1:09 pm

      Oh that’s so good to hear Amy. Hope you are off somewhere nice in the fall.
      I live in Scotland and the only way to get some sunshine is to jump on a plane ! Jill

  13. 10 March 2018 / 2:48 pm

    Genius! And I love it that I am Just Like You. My sister says that when she’s packing for a trip, she imagines me watching over her shoulder and saying “you don’t need that”, “you can buy that when you get there”, etc., etc. The other two things I would add to your list — 1. take things you plan to leave where you’re going and 2. Buy a 3-pack of men’s undershirts. #1 is like taking that bathing suit that still looks good but you’re done with it on your beach vaca. When you’re packing to go home, just leave it. #2 is when you wear one of the tees on the plane, then use it for a nightshirt when you get there. Repeat with other two. At the end of the vaca, just leave them. They never look that good after they’re washed anyway.

  14. Sonia Boal
    10 March 2018 / 3:30 pm

    LOVE it 😍 there is a packing gene that seems to go down the female line of our family, where we get a perverse pleasure out of packing well.

    I do like the addition of the G&T break, but I might opt for wrinkle free accessories over tangerine. I’ll keep an open mind 😝

    • Jill
      11 March 2018 / 7:13 am

      I WANT a packing gene. That must be so handy! Yes wrinkle-free is good and of course the G&T ! Jx

    • Jill
      11 March 2018 / 7:15 am

      Hey Christina, thanks so much. Enjoyed writing that one. I am away next weekend so need to get packing this week. Jill x

  15. 10 March 2018 / 5:37 pm

    I’m a fan of the “wear everything you can’t pack” method too…if only this also worked with shoes…

    • Jill
      11 March 2018 / 7:19 am

      Yep, not found a way to wear more than one pair of shoes at a time! Thanks for popping on. Jx

  16. 11 March 2018 / 12:05 pm

    I love the overstuffing of the handbag idea!

    • Jill
      11 March 2018 / 1:28 pm

      It’s a two-man job to carry it! X

  17. 11 March 2018 / 12:43 pm

    I had to read this because I’m traveling to L.A. next month with my 2 sons and trying to avoid checking any baggage. Great tips….especially because they involve alcohol!

    • Jill
      11 March 2018 / 1:31 pm

      Oh how exciting – I love LA!
      Over here it costs about £50 to put a suitcase in the hold! Hence my fixation on hand luggage! x

  18. 11 March 2018 / 4:42 pm

    OMG. I’M DEAD 😂😂 This was hilarious and super helpful at the same time! I Pinned this to my Travel Tips board!

    • Jill
      11 March 2018 / 4:44 pm

      Haha That’s great to hear. The gin helps! Thanx

  19. 14 March 2018 / 12:18 pm

    haha I wish I would have had these tips back in the day when I traveled! Love it! RSS! 😉

    • Jill
      14 March 2018 / 1:51 pm

      Hey Bren, thanks. You just made my day. Jillx

  20. 31 March 2018 / 6:39 pm

    Currently, the budget travelling carrier with online budget is more expensive. Of course, this budget airlines is make a lot of money and rarely lenient.

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The beginning of Couples Therapy is HARD! Watch how I describe it...

Calling and getting help is one of the HARDEST steps! Here you can get a sense of my style and how I work in the initial stages of couple therapy.  I know that the struggles in your relationship have increased so much that you are now scared, and I want you to know that I am here to help.  I have the map, and I know where to take you on this journey to better communication, closer intimacy, and ease in your relationship.

Couples Counseling

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) was developed primarily by Dr. Susan Johnson. EFT works with family members as well as couples. Emotionally focused therapy is based on emotions, and learning to share them with your partner. The current research is showing that when doing EFT it not only helps the couple, but the individual, and can assist in the treatment of depression, anxiety, trauma, and much more. This type of treatment is being used around the world to help couples and families.

Goals of Emotionally Focused Therapy

EFT's main goals are experience and share important emotional responses with your partner. This fosters the creation of a secure bond between partners, and helps you begin to unfold the carefully woven tapestry of your dance and begin to see your part, and your partners part in the problem. EFT can help create secure bonds with your partner by creating experiences in the present moment.

Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples

In general EFT is a shorter termed therapy approach. Ideally couples would come before they had traumas or injuries in their relationship, as it would go smoother. However, that is not normally the case and EFT couple therapy approach can be a faster, short-termed therapy technique if the couples are eager to connect. Studies have shows that 70-75% of couples move from an escalated place to a loving place and 90% report improvement using this technique. EFT has a clear concept to how to work with adult love and marital distress. It is a collaborative approach with the therapist and the couple’s relationship.

Techniques of Emotionally Focused Therapy

With delicate exploration of the current process of emotions, couples will be helped to see not only their own inter-personal depths, but also how their story effects their partner. Each partner is encouraged to express their deeper emotions toward their partner in a secure environment, building new neural pathways for a secure safe relationship. By one being a witness to the partner’s deeper emotional experience, the other is able to gain a new perspective and see the relationship as a whole differently. The goal is to move to a deeper, collaborative, and more productive partnership.


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Buffalo Bore Ammunition 45 Colt (Long Colt) +P 260 Grain Jacketed Hollow Point

  • Product Family #: 2118254680
Buffalo Bore Ammunition 45 Colt (Long Colt) +P 260 Grain Jacketed Hollow Point
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$35.49 - $75.99
($1.52 - $1.77/Round)
Out of Stock, Backorder OK
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Product Overview

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE HEADSTAMP ON THIS BRASS: Due to limited supplies of brass, Buffalo Bore has begun loading +P and +P+ ammunition in brass that may not be indicated as such on the headstamp. Example: 9mm Luger +P+ ammunition may be designated as 9mm Luger +P or simply 9mm Luger on the headstamp.

Buffalo Bore loads their ammunition up to maximum SAAMI specifications, which delivers devastating performance on a wide range of game. These Heavy .45 Colt +P loads are safe in all LARGE FRAME Ruger revolvers.(includes Blackhawk, Super Blackhawk, all pre-2005 Vaquero, Bisley, Redhawk) These Heavy .45 Colt +P loads are NOT intended for the New Model Vaquero (small frame). These loads are also safe in all modern Model 1892 leverguns as well as all Winchester & Marlin 1894's Please note that this ammunition is not intended for older guns. It is made for modern firearms only, as some of the ammunition could damage older and weaker firearms. This ammunition is new production, non-corrosive, in boxer primed, reloadable brass cases.

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Hill leads Redbirds by Royals

Jay drives in three runs in win

By Steve Selby / Memphis Redbirds | April 11, 2010 5:29 AM

Omaha, NE - Rich Hill turned in a gutty performance in leading the Redbirds to a 6-4 win over the Omaha Royals Saturday night.

Following Friday night's marathon 18-inning win, Chris Maloney needed Hill (1-0) to soak up some innings. He did just that, throwing 104 pitches over six innings. The veteran left-hander pitched around six walks, using three double plays to get out of trouble. Hill allowed just one run on three hits.

Jon Jay led the 'Birds with a pair of doubles and three RBI. His two-run double in the ninth proved big as Omaha rallied for two runs in the bottom of the inning. Mark Shorey also contributed three hits in his first start of the season.

The Royals took advantage of a pair of Tyler Greene errors that led to three unearned runs.

Bruce Chen (0-1) suffered the loss for Omaha. Chen gave up three runs in 5.2 innings of work fanning six.

Notes: The Redbirds have beaten Omaha in 14 of their last 19 meetings...former Redbird and Cardinal right-hander Brad Thompson gets the start Sunday for Omaha.

Sunday's Probables:
Memphis - RHP Adam Ottavino
Omaha - RHP Brad Thompson

This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.

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About RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Crystal System:
Chemically related to argentotetrahedrite and freibergite (which are both Fe-dominant on the Fe/Zn site).

Probably the Zn analogue of UM1992-21-S:AgFeSb.

Classification of RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Approved, Pending publication
Approval Year:

Chemical Properties of RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Crystallography of RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Crystal System:
Class (H-M):
4 3m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
I4 3m

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
From Type Description.

Type Occurrence of RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Natural History Museum London, specimen number BM2016,102

Synonyms of RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Relationship of Rozhdestvenskayaite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
ArgentotennantiteAg6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]As4S13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
ArgentotetrahedriteAg6Cu4(Fe,Zn)2Sb4S13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
FreibergiteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S13-xIso. 4 3m : I4 3m
GirauditeCu6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]As4Se13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
GoldfielditeCu10Te4S13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
HakiteCu6[Cu4Hg2]Sb4Se13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
TennantiteCu6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]As4S13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
TetrahedriteCu6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Welch, M.D., Stanley, C.J., Spratt, J. and Mills, S.J. (2017) Rozhdestvenskayaite, IMA 2016-094. CNMNC Newsletter No. 35, February 2017, page 212; Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 209–213.

Internet Links for RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

Localities for RozhdestvenskayaiteHide

ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Mexico (TL)
  • Sonora
    • Mun. de Moctezuma
      • Moctezuma
Welch, M.D., Stanley, C.J., Spratt, J. and Mills, S.J. (2017) Rozhdestvenskayaite, IMA 2016-094. CNMNC Newsletter No. 35, February 2017, page 212; Mineralogical Magazine, 81, 209–213.
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