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Journal of Toxicology
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 959070, 7 pages
Research Article

Short Communication: Is Ethanol-Based Hand Sanitizer Involved in Acute Pancreatitis after Excessive Disinfection?—An Evaluation with the Use of PBPK Model

1Department of Cosmetic, Biocide, and Tatoo Products, French Health Products Safety Agency (Afssaps), 143-147 Boulevard Anatole France, 93285 Saint-Denis Cedex, France
2Department of Risk Assessment, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), 24-31 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
3Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada 3J7 H3C

Received 20 October 2011; Accepted 6 February 2012

Academic Editor: Marina V. Evans

Copyright © 2012 Céline Huynh-Delerme et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

An occupational physician reported to the French Health Products Safety Agency (Afssaps) a case of adverse effect of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a teaching nurse, after multiple demonstrations with ethanol-based hand sanitizers (EBHSs) used in a classroom with defective mechanical ventilation. It was suggested by the occupational physician that the exposure to ethanol may have produced a significant blood ethanol concentration and subsequently the AP. In order to verify if the confinement situation due to defective mechanical ventilation could increase the systemic exposure to ethanol via inhalation route, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to predict ethanol blood levels. Under the worst case scenario, the simulation by PBPK modeling showed that the maximum blood ethanol concentration which can be predicted of 5.9 mg/l is of the same order of magnitude to endogenous ethanol concentration (mean = 1.1 mg/L; median = 0.4 mg/L; range = 0–35 mg/L) in nondrinker humans (Al-Awadhi et al., 2004). The present study does not support the likelihood that EBHS leads to an increase in systemic ethanol concentration high enough to provoke an acute pancreatitis.

1. Introduction

Ethanol in hand sanitizing gel is widely used not only in health care settings but also in other areas that involve hand hygiene. Ethanol is considered an effective substance against a large spectrum of microorganisms which can linger on the skin. Health care systems and infection control organizations have begun advocating the routine use of hand sanitizing gel, as health care professionals may apply alcohol-based hand sanitizers more than 50 times a day, if using these products prior to and just following each patient.

However, as alcohol drinking is associated with an increased risk of a number of cancers, birth defects, or other health disease disorders like pancreatitis, there is no common consensus on the safety of ethanol-based hand sanitizers (EBHSs) in the literature. In its recent opinion, the French Health Products Safety Agency (Afssaps) considered that the use of ethanol as hand disinfectant is safe, taking into consideration the low dermal absorption even after excessive disinfection [1]. Although this absence of risk is established, the Afssaps recommended to consumers to privilege the washing hands with soap and water due to its sufficient microbiological efficacy. Ethanol hand sanitizers should rather be used when soap and water hand washing is not available [2].

In this context, an occupational physician reported to the French Health Products Safety Agency a case of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a 46-year-old teaching nurse. She has been working in a nursing school for seven years. This adverse effect appeared after demonstrations using ethanol-based hand sanitizers for two successive days in a classroom under conditions of defective mechanical ventilation. Knowing the relationship between excessive alcohol consumption and risk factor associated with either acute or chronic pancreatitis, the occupational physician suggested that the exposure to ethanol by hand skin and also mainly via inhalation route may have led to a significant systemic ethanol concentration increase and consequently to the AP symptom.

The reconstitution of the events showed the following. (i) A two successive-day demonstration (TSDD) with EBHS was carried out in mid-September (2009) without any complaint. (ii) However, three days after this TSDD, the trainer complained of headaches after having stayed 30 minutes in the office opened on the classroom, in which the demonstration has been carried out. (iii) Six days after the TSDD, the trainer, seven students, and the manager of local “committee for health, safety and working conditions” suffered from malaise and headache in the same office. The intervention of the firemen excluded possible carbon monoxide intoxication but they noted a strong smell of alcohol. The technical agent who was called in highlighted the ventilation defect. (iv) Seven days after the TSDD, the trainer had headaches and dizziness again after having stayed two hours in the same premises without any ethanol handling. (v) She did not work the ten following days. (vi) Seventeen days after the TSDD, while at home, she felt severe epigastric pain radiating to the low dorsal after having drunk a glass of red wine. (vii) Eighteen days after the TSDD, based on the clinical symptoms observed the day before and the biochemical analysis (lipase at 1174 IU/L (range 23–300 IU/L) and an amylase at 142 IU/L (range 25–125 IU/L)), it was suggested an acute pancreatitis diagnosis. (viii) Thirty days after the TSDD, the biochemical analysis performed again was normal (lipase 187 IU/L and amylase 50 IU/L). Transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were also normal. In the end, the abdominal scan performed was normal.

On the other hand, the medical history shows that the teaching nurse presented a hyperthyroidism treated in early 2009 by NeoMercazole and Levothyrox for 3 months. At that time, lipase and amylase were normal. This treatment was stopped at least one month before the onset of the AP. She has been treated for hypertension with a chlorothiazidic diuretic, Esidrex, for 3 or 4 years. The diuretic was stopped about two months after the first event.

The patient did not take oral contraceptives and she drank alcohol without abuse.

This lead to the question as whether or not EBHS use could have resulted in significant blood ethanol concentration increase. This study was carried out firstly, to predict, by theoretical approach, ethanol concentration in the classroom air following EBHS use under defective ventilation; secondly, to estimate, using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, the blood ethanol concentration likely to be reached after ethanol inhalation in the classroom air.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Exposure Conditions

The hand disinfectant contained ethanol at 700 mg/g (755 mL/L) in the presence of thickening, moisturizing and emollient agents, and water. It contained neither perfumes nor dyes. The potential implication of each product ingredient in the manifestation of pancreatitis was also checked.

Training for auxiliary nurses was conducted for two successive days in the same classroom, 28 students and two trainers were in the classroom. The amount of product used for each friction was 3 mL; with a daily number of frictions per day equal to 3 per person. Thus, the total was 180 frictions (540 mL EBHS, i.e., 378 mL of ethanol) for two days.

Class Volume
The classroom volume alone was 116 m3. It is opened to another handling room and office; thus, the total volume was 310 m3. However, in order to simulate worst case conditions, the total exposure to EBHS of 540 mL for two days was considered only in 116 m3.

2.2. Exposure Assessment

The air ethanol concentration was estimated using an American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) software [4]. Assessments of exposure to indoor air pollutants usually employ spatially well-mixed models which assume homogeneous concentrations throughout a building or room. The theoretical approach used with AIHA software is based on the description of the spray and the substance behavior but also on the modeling of the ethanol concentrations occurring in homogenous, mixed rooms.

As mechanical ventilation was defective, 0.08 m3/min considered as the worst scenario was retained.

Considering the number of frictions, the following scenario was considered: total rubbing hands equal to 180 frictions (3 times/30 persons/2 days) with EBHS, over a period of 48 hours interrupted by a night.

The ethanol atmospheric emission was calculated as follows: 30 rubbing hands (RH) at time 0 h, 30 RH at 3 h, and 30 RH at 6 h (for the first day), and 30 RH at 24 h, 30 RH at 27 h, and 30 RH at 30 h (for the second day), with 3 mL EBHS at 70% ethanol and a density mass of 0.8.

2.3. Blood Ethanol Calculation

Blood ethanol concentrations were predicted using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, the ACSLX software (Version; AEgis Technologies Group, Inc.), which allows simulation of inhalation exposure to various air ethanol concentrations and prediction of its toxicokinetic behaviour [5].

The blood flow limited PBPK model for ethanol was previously developed for human by Schlouch and Tardif [6] and for rodent by Pastino et al. [3]. Compartments for the present model include liver, brain, fat, rapidly perfused tissue, slowly perfused tissue and blood. A schematic diagram of the PBPK model for ethanol inhalation is represented in Figure 1. Mass-balance equations were written describing the rate of change in ethanol concentration for each compartment.

Figure 1: Schematic representation of the ethanol physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) proposed by Pastino et al. [3].

The blood flows and tissue volumes for each compartment (Table 1) were obtained from the report prepared by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) on “Physiological Parameter Values for PBPK Models” [7]. The ethanol partition coefficients for rats were determined by Pastino et al. [3].

Table 1: Model parameters for the ethanol PBPK.

The fractional uptake in the airways is reported to be mostly between 55 and 62% [3].

3. Results

3.1. Air Ethanol Concentrations Estimation

The air ethanol concentration was estimated using the AIHA software [4]. As mechanical ventilation was defective, several maximizing scenarios were used considering a low air change rate of 0.08 m3/min (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). In addition, it was also considered that for each simultaneous 30 frictions, an atmospheric ethanol emission of 50.4 g of ethanol was calculated, resulting in an atmospheric concentration of 0.43 g/m3.

Figure 2: (a) Atmospheric ethanol concentration (day 1). By using the AIHA software, the ethanol atmospheric emission was calculated as follows: 30 rubbing hands (RH) at time 0 h, 30 RH at 3 h and 30 RH at 6 h resulting in a mean ethanol atmospheric concentration of 408 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 768 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), and 1108 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h). (b) Atmospheric ethanol concentration (day 2). By using the AIHA software, the ethanol atmospheric emission was calculated as follows: 30 rubbing hands (RH) at time 0 h, 30 RH at 3 h, and 30 RH at 6 h resulting in a mean ethanol atmospheric concentration of 924 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 1224 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), and 1518 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h).

Changes over time for worst case scenario make it possible to predict the following peaks of exposure.

3.1.1. During the First Day

At time 0 ( 𝑇 0 ), the atmospheric concentration after the first frictions was 0.43 g/m3.

At 𝑇 3 h , it was 0.81 g/m3, coming from both the second frictions (0.43 g/m3) and the residual concentration of 0.38 g/m3 from the first frictions at 𝑇 0 .

At 𝑇 6 h , the atmospheric concentration was 1.15 g/m3 corresponding to the sum of the atmospheric concentration resulting from the frictions at 𝑇 6 h (0.43 g/m3) and the residual concentration of 0.72 g/m3 present in the atmosphere after the preceding frictions.

3.1.2. During the Second Day

At 𝑇 0 h , the atmospheric concentration was 0.97 g/m3 (sum of the frictions at 𝑇 0 h (0.43 g/m3) and the remaining residual concentration from all the night of 0.54 g/m3). At 𝑇 3 h , the atmospheric concentration was 1.23 g/m3 (sum of frictions at 𝑇 3 h (0.43 g/m3) and the residual concentration of 0.8 g/m3). At 𝑇 6 h , the atmospheric concentration was 1.58 g/m3 (sum of 0.43 g/m3 and 1.15 g/m3, as residual atmospheric concentration).

In conclusion, these results made possible to predict the atmospheric ethanol mean concentration after two successive days: 408 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 768 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), 1108 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h) for the first day and 924 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 1224 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), and 1518 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h) for the second day (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). It was considered a total of 378 mL of ethanol (i.e., 180 frictions of 3 mL or 540 mL EBHS at 70% ethanol) in a classroom volume of 116 m3, under the worst case scenario of a defective ventilation giving a low air change rate of 0.08 m3/min.

3.2. Blood Ethanol Concentration Calculation

Blood ethanol concentration induced by these exposures is predicted using a physiologically based toxicokinetic model to simulate inhalation route exposure to various airborne concentrations of ethanol and to predict its toxicokinetic behaviour [5].

PBPK modeling of ethanol takes into account physicochemical and biochemical parameters to predict blood ethanol over time following exposure. This model was developed by Schlouch and Tardif [6].

In our study, the maximum blood ethanol concentration was estimated to reach a plateau at 5.9 mg/L when breathing air with an ethanol mean concentration of 924 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 1224 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), and 1518 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h) (the maximal occupational exposure concentration) (Table 2).

Table 2: Blood ethanol concentration predictions (BECPs) based on 8 h exposure average (mg/L). The BECP was calculated by using the PBPK model of ethanol with the following exposure condition previously estimated. For the day 1, the atmospheric ethanol concentration was 408 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 768 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), and 1108 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h). For the day 2, the atmospheric ethanol concentration was 924 mg/m3 (time 0–3 h), 1224 mg/m3 (time 3–6 h), and 1518 mg/m3 (time 6–8 h).

4. Discussion

The absorbed ethanol is found in the blood in variable proportions, depending on the route of exposure. Several epidemiological studies show that alcoholic beverages consumption increases the cancer risk in human [8]. Harmful effects on reproduction and development in the liver and in the central and peripheral nervous system have also been observed. These effects can be observed after ingestion of 12 g of ethanol per day (i.e., the equivalent of one glass of wine) and leading to a peak blood from 150 to 250 mg/L, which represents relatively high levels of blood ethanol concentration (ethanolaemia peak). In our study, the low elevation of blood ethanol concentration (5.9 mg/L) obtained by simulation in the patient, which remains within the limit values of endogenous blood ethanol concentration in nondrinker humans [9], does not seem to be a trigger of AP, on the basis of the current knowledge.

Several AP’s cases reported in the literature are in relation with consumption of alcoholic beverages by oral route. High blood concentrations are more likely after drinking alcoholic beverages. The elimination rate is dependent on whether person is an alcoholic with an induced metabolism or not. The metabolite acetaldehyde is very reactive and may be responsible for some of the harmful effects of ethanol.

The AP causes are multiple and remain undetermined in 15 to 25% of cases [10]. In western countries, migration of gall stones in the biliary tract is the main cause (38%). In our study, the negativity of exploration by radiological scan does not confirm the role of gall stones. Alcohol abuse is the second leading cause (36%). The results of a meta-analysis published in 2009 [11] highlighted an exponential dose-response relationship between average volume of alcohol consumption and pancreatitis. Overall, the results indicate a nonlinear association between alcohol consumption and the relative risk of pancreatitis [11]. The risk curve between alcohol consumption and pancreatitis was relatively flat at low levels of alcohol consumption, and it markedly increased with increasing levels of consumption. It is nonexistent among low alcohol consumers (up to 2 drinks per day or 24 g of alcohol), occurring in individuals consuming 36 g alcohol per day and only becoming statistically significant for a daily consumption of 48 g of alcohol. Alcohol causes an AP in 10% of very excessive drinkers (more than 80 g alcohol per day). The drugs come in third place and are involved in about 5% of AP. There is no semiological criterion specific of a drug AP even if hydrochlorothiazide can cause acute pancreatitis, as it has been reported in the literature for this drug. In addition, many other causes have been described, of low frequency and some still discussed [12]: genetic predisposition, congenital malformation of the pancreas, tumours, infection, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, pregnancy, and so on.

In the current state of knowledge, the side effects of ethanol, related to chronic exposure by dermal absorption or inhalation route, have not sufficiently been documented in humans. A retrospective study in connection with the dermal use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers conducted by the French Poison Control Centers in 2009 reported that side effects listed are mostly related to misuse [13]. In addition, apart from this case, no other AP has been reported in link with the use of ethanol as EBHS.

The likelihood that dermal exposure increases plasmatic concentration was excluded right away for the reason that our earlier risk assessment and other several studies showed a very low to negligible dermal absorption, even after intensive use of EBHS. It is generally allowed that, on nondamaged skin, about 1% of the dose of ethanol initially placed on the surface actually penetrates the skin barrier. The amount is thus negligible when compared to pulmonary absorption, which is estimated at 60% [14, 15].

Indeed, in the literature, several studies have been conducted to explore the dermal absorption issue [1619] and concluded that ethanol skin absorption does not increase blood ethanol concentration significantly. In the Afssaps’s risk assessment opinion published in 2009 [1], all these data relative to the exposure by dermal route was analyzed and the conclusion retained put forward that the low or negligible absorption allows to conclude for an absence of the risk for the consumer even after an excessive use.

Inhalation of ethanol vapors at normal atmospheric concentrations will thus not result in any significant blood concentration [20]. The metabolic elimination of ethanol from the blood will in most cases exceed the uptake.

Lester and Greenberg [21] showed that inhalation of ethanol vapor does not seem to cause any severe acute effects at ethanol concentrations below 10,000 mg/m3. However, headache and cough have been reported after about 30 minutes of inhaling ethanol vapor at concentrations of 2600 and 3400 mg/m3, respectively. When the concentration increases, the airways become irritated with resulting cough, lachrymation, and breathing difficulties [22].

In case ethanol vapor exposure, the manifestation of undesirable effects require that the ethanol reaches in one hand plasma and in the other hand target organ. The concentration in the plasma depends on the concentration in air, the exposure duration, the breathing rate, the absorption of ethanol across the lung, the basal metabolism, and also the elimination rate of ethanol.

In this study, the situation of confinement and exposure to ethanol by inhalation route showed that maximum blood ethanol amounted to 5.9 mg/L. The results are consistent with studies in the literature. Indeed, Campbell and Wilson [23] found after exposure to ethanol vapor concentration of 1900 mg/m³ in the air for 3 h a slight elevation of blood ethanol by repeated measurements at 0, 35, 60, 120, and 180 minutes limited to less than 2 mg/L. Miller et al. [19] conducted a study on five volunteers working at the hospital emergency department rubbing their hands 50 times in four hours using a EBHS containing 62% ethanol. Blood ethanol remains below 0.5 mg/L. In addition, an estimation of blood ethanol by modeling in the Afsset’s risk assessment report [20] showed that, after 42 frictions with a EBHS containing 80% ethanol, repeated 8 hours, it was estimated at 1.28 mg/L, within the range of endogenous blood ethanol concentration. Pendlington et al. [24] conducted three studies whose aim was to determine the rate of evaporation and absorption of ethanol and to estimate the dermal penetration of ethanol in vitro on pig skin and in vivo in humans in 16 volunteers using an aerosol spray. The results of these studies indicate a short half-life of evaporation (about 11 seconds) and skin absorption strongly increased by the occlusion. The in vitro study does not determine a dermal absorption rate. Thus, the results in humans have shown no detectable blood ethanol at the limit of detection of 9 mg/L and this after evaporation of a quantity of up to 17.28 g of an aerosol constituted of 44% ethanol.

In other hand, malaise and headache recorded of 9 persons at day six after the two successive-day demonstration remained unclear, one of the possible explanations is probably due to the symptoms collective type of discomfort related to the syndrome of chemical smell intolerance [25]. This concerns subjects exposed to low concentrations of aerial contaminants, with various symptoms suggesting the entanglement of objective reasons not well understood with psychological subjective factors. Based on low exposure (atmospheric and/or systemic) concentration to ethanol predicted, it is not possible to relate rationally the effect observed with EBHS uses.

Using a physiologically based toxicokinetic model to simulate inhalation route in this study, the systemic concentration of 5.9 mg/mL predicted is not easily related to the acute pancreatitis reported. A study conducted in 1557 nondrinkers volunteers showed that the endogenous blood ethanol is related to the synthesis of ethanol by microorganisms in the digestive tract which is between 0 and 35.2 mg/L, with a mean of 1.1 mg/L and median of 0.4 mg/L. The endogenous ethanol seems produced by yeast fermentation and other intestinal microorganisms and/or restored by food. Indeed, for example, certain fruit juices can contain up to 3 g ethanol/L [26] and an apple juice 2 g/L. Recall that a glass of alcohol (10–12 g of ethanol) leads to a peak blood from 150 to 250 mg/L and drunkenness can appear only from 1.5 g/L of ethanol [27, 28].

Finally, in general family and personal history, clinical symptoms, biochemical analysis, and/or radiological tests as scan identify the majority of aetiologies of AP. In our study, the Afssaps suggested further investigations in the absence of track on the origin of the AP. Thus, the etiological investigation is worth pursuing in order to properly rule out a tumour origin.

5. Conclusion

Our study shows the ethanol exposure under the conditions of defective mechanical ventilation in the classroom resulted in a maximum blood ethanol concentration of 5.9 mg/L determined by PBPK modeling, which is considered in the same order of magnitude as the endogenous serum ethanol. According to Al-Awadhi et al. [9], the endogenous ethanol level could be reaching an average of 1.1 mg/L (0 to 35 mg/L) after absorption of ethanol synthesized by digestive tract microorganisms. As example, each glass of alcoholic beverage contains about 12 g of ethanol [28] and leads after oral absorption to a pick plasma ethanol concentration at about 250 mg/L.

Under the conditions of this study no relationship can be made between the exposure to EBHS and the increase of blood ethanol concentration being able to lead to the occurrence of the reported acute pancreatitis.

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Cyril Vadrot for the reading of the disinfection part and Pr. Philippe Ruszniewski for suggestions on the pancreatitis aetiology.

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Empathy and the Servant Leader

Written by: on Friday, August, 9th, 2013

Empathy is the ability to experience and relate to the thoughts, emotions or experiences of others.  Empathy is more than just sympathy, which is being able to understand and support others with compassion or sensitivity.  Just like with listening, empathy is not passive. It requires self-reflection and self-control.  Start by letting go of defensive and controlling leadership strategies such as “but I’m the President” or “but they are just homeowners.”  Then, use the listening skills you mastered earlier to give people your full attention and strive to get beyond their first complaint and get to the “real” issue.  You can often do this by rephrasing or restating what you’ve heard and asking open ended questions like:

  1. What do you want from the board/association/me?
  2. How will you know when you have it?
  3. What are your obstacles to getting what you want?

Another way to develop empathy is to do genuine perspective shifting – walk in the other person’s shoes, get in their skin.  Imagine what they are experiencing, how it is affecting their life, how frustrated they must be to be behaving the way they are.  Then, cultivate compassion. Go back to the question above and try be seen as a solution to the problem instead of the obstacle.  Emotional Intelligence is a far reaching topic but one that may be worth pursuing on your journey. I’ve done leadership development classes on developing emotional intelligence and can work with boards of any size through a series of sessions to raise awareness, build skills and develop empathic leaders. For more information email me at lsanchez@hindmansanchez.com.

Loura K. Sanchez

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iconimg Wednesday, July 29, 2015

Press Trust Of India
Lucknow, August 24, 2013
The BJP on Saturday termed the ban on VHP's proposed yatra in Ayodhya on Sunday as undemocratic and unconstitutional and alleged the Samajwadi Party along with the Congerss was playing with fire on the issue.

"The SP along with the Congress is playing with fire. The unconstitutional and undemocratic ban on VHP's 84-kosi parikrama is part of a dangerous divisive conspiracy of the two parties," BJP vice president Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi said.

"The timings of religious programmes are decided by saints and not governments," he told reporters in Lucknow.

Talking about upcoming Lok Sabha polls, Naqvi said "petrol-rupee-onion" had become the TRP of the Congress-led UPA government.

On this "negative" TRP, the "misgovernance" of the Congress would end soon, he said.

The country was passing through a difficult phase and the main cause for this was "rampant corruption" during the UPA regime, the BJP leader said.


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iconimg Wednesday, July 29, 2015

Mignonne Dsouza, Hindustan Times
March 03, 2012
When it comes to food, life was simpler in the past. Most (if not all, of it was made at home) and people ate what was on their plate without too much carping or caring. No one had to diet (even if you were seriously overweight) and you ate the same kinds of food day in and out (unless you stole your neighbour's or colleague's lunchbox).

Now, food comes at you everywhere, from websites that chronicle up-to-the-minute restaurant openings (and closing downs), to TV (food travel shows, reality cookoffs, straightforward recipe-based shows, etc) to newspaper and magazine articles on what's good, bad and downright ugly for you.

So, here's another blog on food, hopefully from a unique point of view - a completely simple one that will meander down virtual food halls, pausing to take on different viewpoints and showcase other ones. Lets' bite into this together!

(No) Table Service
Lately, I find that service (and the lack of it) has become quite a pressing problem at restaurants. And this begs the question: are restaurants allowed to charge you a compulsory service charge even when their service has failed to match up to standards?
Recently, my friends and I debated the point when eating lunch at an all-day dining place in central Mumbai where I had to 'kidnap' the menus (refusing to hand them back to the server because no waiter had come by to take our order). That's when one of my dining companions told us that at a recent meal in a restaurant (again in central Mumbai), she witnessed a woman pick up a glass and let it drop from arm level after not getting any service.

(This picture is for representational purposes only) Are you being served: Service (and the lack of it) has become quite a pressing problem at restaurants.

A resounding crash was followed by four waiters rushing up to her from all corners of the restaurant, at which point she coolly dictated her order to them. We all eyed the glasses on our table, decided we hadn't nerve enough, and went back to trying to catch the waiter's attention. Later, one of the owners came by to apologise, saying they were training their waiters, but as I said, it's not fair to charge people for service while your guys are on the learning curve.

Also, I couldn't help wondering later that maybe the solution is to stick to a self-service format (like Eat Around the Corner, located in Bandra, Mumbai) does.

The Eyes Have It
Admit it. After watching a season of Masterchef, we've all been guilty of garnishing our food just so, and wiping the rims of plates in order to make our dishes more visually appealing. But sometimes, it's time to push the boat out further. Some years ago, I came across http://www.flickr.com/photos/30578157@N07/ and just yesterday, before writing this blog, I stumbled across http://www.funkylunch.com/gallery.htm. I hope it cheers up your day even as it did mine.
Bon Appetit!

From HT Brunch, March 4

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iconimg Wednesday, July 29, 2015

Press Trust Of India
Mumbai, November 26, 2012
The rupee recovered by 8 paise to 55.43 against the American currency in early trade on Monday, snapping a four-session losing streak, at the Interbank Foreign Exchange on dollar selling by exporters and some banks.

Besides, a higher euro against the American unit on improved German business confidence data and hopes for a key aid payment to debt-wracked Greece, a higher opening in the domestic equity market supported the rupee, forex dealers said.

Meanwhile, the BSE benchmark index Sensex recovered by 76.08 points, or 0.41%, to 18,582.65.

The rupee had tumbled by 30 paise to close at two-and-a-half-month low of 55.51 against the dollar in the previous session on Friday on sustained demand for the dollar from importers and banks.


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UT sets up panel to draft Town & Country Planning Bill

  • HT Live Correspondent, Hindustan Times, Chandigarh
  • |
  • Updated: Apr 02, 2013 21:47 IST

The UT administration has constituted a committee to draft the Town and Country Planning Bill so as to ensure a statutory status to the 'Master Plan 2031' of the city. The Master Plan has been prepared under clause 4 of the Capital of Punjab Act, 1952.

According to senior officials, the committee comprising officials of the department of urban planning would study the Town and Country Planning Acts implemented in different states of the country before preparing the draft Bill for Chandigarh.

The draft Bill would then be sent to the ministry of home affairs (MHA) for approval. UT chief architect Sumit Kaur had recently submitted the draft of the Master Plan to UT adviser KK Sharma.

The administration had sought more time from the Punjab and Haryana high court for finalising the Master Plan 2031. The next date of hearing has been fixed for July 15. The counsel appearing on behalf of the administration had informed the high court that they were yet to consider the objections to the new Master Plan, after which a notification on the issue would be issued.

Once the Master Plan is finalised, city residents would be asked to submit their suggestions and objections within a few weeks. The draft would then be notified in a gazette and public notices issued in newspapers. The final notification would be done after considering all the suggestions and objections raised by the Chandigarh residents.

The UT authorities started working on the Master Plan on high court directions, after which an expert committee with Sumit Kaur as chairperson was constituted to prepare the 2031 Plan.

After labouring for more than three years, the department of urban planning came up with the UT Master Plan 2031, keeping in mind the future requirements of the city residents. The Master Plan proposed development of residential, commercial, industrial, public/semi-public areas, traffic, transport and green spaces.

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‘Xi, Modi agreed to respect interests at BRICS’

  • HT Correspondent, Hindustan Times, New Delhi
  • |
  • Updated: Jul 24, 2014 00:40 IST

Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed to create the “right conditions” to harness the true potential of ties with India after Prime Minister Narendra Modi stressed the need to respect each other’s ‘interests and concerns’, external affairs minister Sushma Swaraj told the Lok Sabha on Tuesday.

Swaraj – who gave a detailed statement on Modi’s visit to Brazil this month for the BRICS summit – said Modi had spoken about the “enormous opportunities” to work together, not only to reinforce each other’s development, but also to contribute to peace and progress.

She did not elaborate on the “interests and concerns” in the “shared neighbourhood”, but India has been worried over Chinese efforts to expand its influence to countries like Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives.

Swaraj also took pot-shots at the Congress for trying to suggest it was unusual that Modi did not take her along. Swaraj said former PM Manmohan Singh too had never taken his foreign minister along for the previous five BRICS summits.

Swaraj also said the new development bank and security discussions were the highlights of Modi’s participation at the BRICS summit.

“The initiative for the bank, announced at the BRICS New Delhi summit in March 2012, reflects India’s vision for an international development bank,” she said.

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Govt blocks 80 internet pages, user-accounts spreading hate

  • PTI, New Delhi
  • |
  • Updated: Aug 19, 2012 20:13 IST

Government is learnt to have ordered blocking of 80 more internet pages and user-accounts on Sunday on social networking sites including Facebook, Google and Twitter to avoid panic among people of northeastern region living across India.

All these sites were found hosting inflammatory and hateful content, spreading rumours and inciting violence targeting the people from north-east, government sources said.

On Saturday, the government had issued instructions to block 76 internet sites, which included web-pages and some websites, and had said that bulk of the rumours that triggered panic among people of north-eastern states in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra were sourced from Pakistan.

"We have found inflammatory and objectionable contents on some pages of Facebook and Google. Some user-accounts at Twitter were also found spreading similar contents. All together, around 80 such pages and accounts have been ordered to be blocked today," the sources said.

The rumours about possible attacks have led to mass exodus of people from northeast from many places including Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai and Pune.

Home minister Sushil Kumar Shinde on Sunday asked his Pakistani counterpart Rehman Malik to crackdown on elements based in Pakistan that were using social media networking sites to whip up communal sentiments and spreading hate in India.

According to a report prepared by the Home Ministry, a Pakistan-based hardline group is suspected to have been involved in doctoring images and spreading them across social networking sites to create panic among people of northeastern region living across India.

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Stunt motorcycle riders to face criminal charges

  • PTI, New Delhi
  • |
  • Updated: Jul 30, 2013 00:06 IST

A day after a 19-year-old biker lost his life in police firing, traffic police on Monday issued an advisory saying that motorcycle riders performing stunts will now be slapped with criminal charges as they endanger others' safety.

"Incidences of performing stunts by motorcycle riders and indulging in serious traffic violations are illegal and reprehensible. Delhi Police will initiate criminal action against any person indulging in such nuisance and aggressive behaviour," the advisory said.

Karan Pandey was killed and another youth injured when police opened fire during an attempt to stop a large group of bikers from performing dangerous stunts on Sunday.

Meanwhile, as per NHRC guidelines, a medical board consisting three doctors conducted the post mortem on Karan's body at Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi on Monday.

The initial reports suggested that he died of excessive internal bleeding after a bullet pierced through his lever. Karan had received a bullet on the lower back portion of his body.

Taking probe forward in the case, in which an FIR has been lodged at Parliament Street police station naming Karan, his friend Puneet - who was riding the bike and was also injured in the incident - and other unidentified bikers, police have intensified the search for other stunt bikers who were present at the time of the incident.

"We are trying to find out the others who were present with Karan and Puneet at the time of the incident. Around 150 bikers were present on Ashoka Road when the incident took place.

"They have been booked for rioting, obstructing a public servant from performing his duty and causing damage to public property as they damaged a PCR van and injured our policemen and their arrest is important for us," said a police officer.

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  • PTI, New Delhi
  • |
  • Updated: Aug 09, 2014 18:17 IST

Seeking to draw parallels between India and the US, American defence secretary Chuck Hagel on Saturday said there are few places in the world other than the two democratic countries where a tea-seller's son can become the prime minister or a Kenyan's child can become the President.

"There are few places in the world other than India and the US where the son of a tea-seller in a small-time town can rise to be the prime minister (Narendra Modi) or the child of a Kenyan father can rise to be the President (Barack Obama)," he said while talking about the opportunities available in the two countries.

The American defence secretary was speaking at the Silver Jubilee function of the Observer's Research Foundation (ORF).

Before joining politics and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Modi used to sell tea in trains and help his father run a small tea stall in a town in Gujarat.

Obama's father was of Kenyan origin and his mother an American citizen.

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For some, Modi sarkar has lost the momentum

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CVA AC1612 In Line Muzzleloader Breech Brush Set

Hinterland Item Number: 9867

Manufacturer Number: AC1612

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CVA's breech brush set is used to loosen powder fouling. The large brush cleans breech area while the small brush cleans breech plugs.

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Fiocchi Shooting Dynamics Rifle Ammunition 762SOVA, 7.62 X 39 MM, Full Metal Jacket, 124 GR, 2375 fps, 20 Rd/bx

Hinterland Item Number: 1275

Manufacturer Number: 762SOVA

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Loaded in the U.S.A. utilizing Hornady bullets, top quality American powders and selected components. Price and quality for the high volume shooter, this is the aim of the Fiocchi Shooting Dynamics line of products.

Please Note: This description may represent a general group of products. Please read the item's title and specifications for more specific information about this particular item.

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Caliber : 7.62mm X 39mm
Bullet Type : Full Metal Jacket
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Submitted By: Michael R. On 07/19/2011

Good quality for a fair price. I don't use anything else for my Ak-47. Gone through 300 rounds on my single stack without a problem.

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Smite Tournament Series: Week 29 Recap

by HiRez ESports | Nov 19, 2013
The Smite eSports scene continues on with another week of great games and a new set of winners in both regions. It's only further proof that the scene is young and open for any new team to step in and take the gold medal.

In North America, we see the team rankings are still really tight for the top 3 spots. There's only a 15 point differential between the three! Just before this weekend, the team known as COGnitive Gaming dropped out of the tournament series for various reasons with 2 of their players, MLCs3alth and Omega, going over to Exertus eSports. But have no fear, the leader of COGnitive Gaming, Shing, plans to get together with some other friends of his and wants to put together another team for the competition. We look forward to see what they put together and see how they can compete with the current team rankings.

But let's actually start talking about the results of Week 29. We spoke highly about Team Dignitas the past 2 weeks as they took 1st place pretty convincingly, but that isn't the case this time. The rise of Denial Esports began as they defeated Smiteboards in the quarterfinals and Slam Jam City (formerly known as Reason Gaming) in the semi finals. Denial then met Exterus eSports in the finals and took them down in 2 hard fought games. These results allowed Extertus eSports to take first place from Dignitas by 5 points in the team rankings and kept Denial eSports close in the top 3 competition. Team Dignitas fought Slam Jam City in the consolation match, where they took 4th place, leaving Slam Jam City with 25 points for 4th.

Europe is another story. It was the 3rd weekend in a row where we saw a different team taking 1st place, but what remained the same was seeing SK Gaming in the finals match for the 9th week in a row! There's no wonder why these guys are way ahead in the team rankings with 770 points. The rankings aren't as close as they are in North America, but we do see some competition for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th spot. All it takes is one good, solid run by a team to push them up into the top 3 spots.

The finals resulted in a forfeit which was at the admins discretion. The official call was SK Gaming was not able to properly field a team within the allowed time as according to the rules. This resulted in SK Gaming taking 2nd place again this week and the rise of COGnitive Gaming EU to take 1st place. It's nice to see COG come back into the finals since they are heading to China for the Tencent Games Carnival at the end of this month. They will be facing Team Dignitas in a showmatch to show the chinese how awesome Smite can be at a high level. Learn more here!

But let's not just talk about the finals. It's also important to mention the consolation match between the two dedicated teams APOTEKET and The Fanboys. These two teams seem to struggle to reach the finals, but ended up putting up a good show in the bronze match. This week, we saw The Fanboys take the 3rd place spot earning 40 points and $150.  APOTeket earns 25 points and 750 gems per player. The Fanboys are only 10 points away from taking the 5th place spot from MyRevenge EU, so lets see if they as the Smite tournament series continues on this coming weekend!

Be sure to catch all of the professional action in Smite at and don't forget about our new SmitePro Youtube channel: We love to hear your questions and comments, so please send us your feedback to our eSports team at


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Tag Results for "Hassein Eduardo Figueroa Gomez"

Major Mexican Narco Traffickers of Drug Chemicals Cited by U.S. Kingpin Act

The DEA today announced that the U.S. Department of the Treasury's designated Ezio Benjamin Figueroa Vasquez and his son, Hassein Eduardo Figueroa Gomez, as Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers pursuant to the Kingpin Act for their significant role in international narcotics trafficking, as well as 16 of their companies in Mexico and Panama. continue reading »


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Latino Daily News

Monday June 6, 2011

Immigrant Advocates Ask For More Officer Training At Border Following Taser Deaths

Immigrant Advocates Ask For More Officer Training At Border Following Taser Deaths

Photo: Advocates Ask For More Officer Training At Border

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Immigrant advocates have grown increasingly worried over the number of Taser and shooting deaths involving federal border officers at the U.S.-Mexico border.

Groups like the American Friends Service Committee wonder if the officers were not trained properly as the number of them at the border rose very quickly.

Christian Ramirez with AFSC told SignOnSanDiego, “The narrative of Washington has become that the border is out of control and an iron fist must be used. If it is an immigrant that is being beaten up, people think he got what he deserved.”

Last year, an undocumented immigrant was Tasered in San Ysidro and later died in U.S. custody. Since then, four more immigrants have died in shootings or Taserings by border agents.

Ramirez and advocates from other border states have met with U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials a number of times since 2009 seeking change, but the groups say that little has changed.

CBP released a statement in which they said they were unaware “of any deaths caused by electrical pulses” from Taser guns.

The statement continues saying, “Agents and officers are trained to use only that force which is both reasonable and necessary in any given situation, considering the totality of circumstances and the following factors: the severity of the offense at issue, whether the subject poses an immediate threat to safety of the agent/officer or others, whether the subject is resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”

But Ramirez and the other groups are not accepting that, and maintain that officers at the border need to undergo more in-depth training.

“Something is wrong. Either the training is off or something is going on,” said Ramirez.


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Latino Daily News

Saturday August 13, 2011

US Health Insurance Mandate Suffers Setback

US Health Insurance Mandate Suffers Setback

Photo: Health Care Reform

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A U.S. appeals court has ruled that part of the Obama administration’s overhaul of the health care system is unconstitutional.

A divided three-judge panel Friday struck down the provision of the law that requires all Americans to pay for health insurance by 2014 or face a penalty.

In its decision, the panel wrote that the so-called individual mandate goes too far, representing a “potentially unbound assertion of congressional authority.” But unlike a lower court ruling, the panel upheld the rest of the health care reforms as legal.

The ruling sides with a challenge filed by 26 states, which complained the law was unconstitutional, but conflicts with a separate appeals court ruling in June that upheld the individual health care insurance requirement.

Administration officials have long defended the need to require all Americans to have health insurance.

The fate of the requirement could ultimately be determined by the Supreme Court .


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Pollizzie Surname

Frequency of Pollizzie in the US

2000 US Census

The surname POLLIZZIE is not included in the US Census Bureau's ranking of surnames with 100 or more people. Since fewer than 100 people with this surname were included in the 2000 Census, it is relatively uncommon.

Source: "Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000", US Census Bureau.

Pollizzie Graves on Histopolis

Histopolis currently has 2 grave(s) with the surname Pollizzie.

Search the Histopols Grave Index for the surname Pollizzie.

Resource Links for Pollizzie

Sorry, there are currently no resource links for the surname Pollizzie.

Add Do you know of a web page containing information about this surname that would be useful to genealogy or history researchers? Please add it now! (Free registration required)

Unconfirmed Surname

Histopolis has an entry for this surname but it might be the result of an error in the source information, since:

  1. It was not listed in the US Census Bureau list of most frequent surnames for either 1990 or 2000,
  2. Histopolis currently has few entries (2) for this surname in the Histopolis Grave Index, and
  3. There are no currently no links to other sites with this surname.

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Hungry History

Lunch With Libby: World War I Doughboy Rations and Red Cross Cakes

By Libby O'Connell
Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images

Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images

In her upcoming book The American Plate HISTORY’s chief historian, Dr. Libby O’Connell, traces the history of the United States through a series of 100 iconic dishes and delicacies. In this excerpt, she examines the diet of American troops in Europe and shares a popular recipe for a well-preserved treat that loved ones could send to their boys “over there.”

World War I, “the war to end all wars”, was ignited by the assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand and Grand Duchess Sophie in Serbia on June 28, 1914, followed by the declaration of war a month later by the European powers. By the time U.S. infantry men (doughboys) arrived at the Western Front in the summer of 1917, America had been supplying the British, French, and Belgian allies with food for two years. The U.S. troops were well-provisioned, startlingly so compared to their ally comrades.

That old military stand-by, hardtack, was replaced by fresh bread whenever possible, thanks to the development of field bakeries that could provide hot food at the front. Small, wagon-sized food carts, sent from field kitchens located several lines behind the front, even brought hot food into the trenches, where most of the fighting and casualties took place.

Infested with rats and other vermin, subject to poison-gas attacks and shelling, and filled with cold, greasy mud, the trenches presented a uniquely harrowing experience for the doughboys, many of them fresh off the farm in America. The arrival of cooked food, along with candy, dairy products, and soft baked bread, struck a much appreciated but incongruous note in the hell known as trench warfare. Of course, there remained the challenge of keeping the food dry, clean, and away from the rats.

Naturally, one big problem for feeding the troops on the front was the safety of the supply lines, which were targets for bombs and other sabotage. Every soldier in the trenches carried emergency rations of twelve ounces of canned meat or fresh bacon, ground coffee, sugar, and tobacco with rolling papers (and later, pre-rolled cigarettes). The Army purchased canned meat from the French, which was labeled “Madagascar” and promptly nicknamed “monkey meat” by the Americans in disgust.

In this environment, hardtack still made its appearance on the doughboy menu. These reserve rations were designed to sustain the troops when the supply lines broke down, or when they were too far from the supply depots. For a generation of men, the servicemen’s rations defined part of the wartime experience and the memory remained with them long after they shipped home.

In France, the soldiers were billeted in relative safety before and after their service in the trenches. Here they had dependable access to food and might even receive packages from home. Of course, food shipped from the United States had to remain edible without any extra care. Even when stale and crumbled, any food sent by loved ones was always particularly appreciated.

The American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton in 1881, played a significant role in this multinational conflict. It not only provided medical care overseas, before there was an enlisted military nursing staff, but also helped on the home front by organizing volunteers and fighting the deadly Spanish influenza plague of 1918 that, worldwide, would kill more people than the war.

The Red Cross also communicated with families about helpful ways to support the troops. Here is a recipe they recommended for folks who wanted to send their soldier a shippable treat.

Red Cross War Cake
The American Red Cross promoted a sweet cake recipe, promising that the end product could reach the Western Front and retain its freshness. The dried fruit helps keep it moist if it has to be shipped across the Atlantic. Try soaking the raisins in rum for a few days or a week before you make the cake. Your doughboy will thank you.

The original recipe comes with a recommendation: “Cake keeps fresh for a long time and can be sent to men at the front.” Here is my version, with only a few alterations.

1 cup orange juice or rum for soaking raisins
8 ounces raisins (about one package), chopped, soaked in orange juice or rum, and drained before use
2 cups brown sugar
2 cups hot water
2 tablespoons lard (butter may be substituted today, but lard helped the cake stay fresher.)
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 teaspoon cloves
1 tablespoon finely grated orange zest
4 ounces pecans or walnuts, chopped.

Soak chopped raisins in orange juice or rum at least for a few hours, or up to one week. Drain.
Preheat oven to 350°F. Put sugar, hot water, lard, salt, cinnamon, cloves, and raisins, nuts, and grated zest in a large pot. Bring to a boil over medium heat, stirring frequently, then reduce the heat to low and cook at a simmer for 5 minutes. Remove from heat and cool in a large bowl. Sift or stir the flour and soda together, then add to liquid. Mix well. Generously grease 2 small loaf pans or one tube pan. Pour batter into the pans and bake for 45 minutes or until a knife blade comes out clean when poked into the cake. You may dust with confectioner’s sugar as desired before serving.

Categories: Lunch With Libby, World War I


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NMPF to Host Summer Foundation for the Future Meetings

Meeting Details and Registration on Updated Foundation for the Future Website

The National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) today announced its Summer Grassroots Tour: 12 meetings in July and August that will bring together dairy producers and other key industry representatives to discuss the dairy policy reform programs proposed in NMPF’s Foundation for the Future.

“The U.S. dairy industry has called for dramatic changes in dairy policy, and Foundation for the Future answers that call,” says Jerry Kozak, NMPF President and CEO. “Our summer meetings will explain how Foundation for the Future’s dairy policy reforms will safeguard dairy producers’ equity, ensure the future of their operations, and stabilize dairy markets.”

The meetings are slated to take place throughout the United States between July 12 and August 22. Each three-hour meeting will feature an in-depth presentation, and question and answer session led by NMPF’s Kozak, along with other staff. Meeting locations include:

* Olympia, Wash., Red Lion Hotel – July 12
* Visalia, Calif., Holiday Inn – July 13
* Lubbock, Texas, Overton Hotel & Conference Center – July 18
* Alexandria, Minn., Holiday Inn – July 20
* Dubuque, Iowa, Grand River Center – July 21
* Lansing, Mich., Ramada Lansing Hotel & Conference Center – July 26
* Green Bay, Wis., Comfort Suites – July 27
* Stevens Point, Wis., Ramada Hotel – July 28
* Harrisburg, Pa., Holiday Inn Harrisburg – East – August 8
* Syracuse, N.Y., Holiday Inn Syracuse/Liverpool Airport Hotel – August 10
* Ocala, Fla., Hilton – August 12
* Nashville, Tenn., Embassy Suites Nashville Airport – August 22

Dairy producers, milk processors, and other key industry stakeholders are encouraged to attend. Visit www.futurefordairy.com, email summermeetings@nmpf.org, or call NMPF at (703) 243-6111 for additional meeting and registration information. There are no fees to attend; however, space is limited, so register early.

Foundation for the Future Website Updates

NMPF recently updated the Foundation for the Future website to accommodate details about the Summer Grassroots Tour, and enhance visitors’ exploration of FFTF dairy policy reform programs. Updates at www.futurefordairy.com include improved accessibility of individual Foundation for the Future reform program details, the addition of producer testimonials, and the option to sign up as an official Foundation for the Future supporter.

The website also offers dairy producers and industry stakeholders interactive tools and resources, including a margin protection calculator that helps producers determine an appropriate coverage level for supplemental margin insurance under Foundation for the Future’s Dairy Producer Margin Protection Program. Producers can input their annual milk production and select the percentage of base milk production the program will cover – along with any optional additional coverage – to generate scenarios of how the Dairy Producer Margin Protection Program will benefit their individual operations.

In addition, www.futurefordairy.com features a news and resources section with the latest dairy policy articles and downloadable materials about Foundation for the Future, including frequently asked questions. “The website plays a crucial role in providing dairy producers and other important industry representatives the information they need to understand Foundation for the Future,” Kozak explains.

The mission of Foundation for the Future, as envisioned by NMPF, is to provide the dairy industry with policy programs that dramatically improve the historical approach embodied by current programs, and foster a more economically viable and secure future for dairy producers, milk processors, and other industry stakeholders.

The National Milk Producers Federation, based in Arlington, VA, develops and carries out policies that advance the well being of dairy producers and the cooperatives they own. The members of NMPF’s 31 cooperatives produce the majority of the U.S. milk supply, making NMPF the voice of more than 40,000 dairy producers on Capitol Hill and with government agencies. For more on NMPF’s activities, visit our website at www.nmpf.org.


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Mountain Pleasure Horses

Mountain Pleasure Livestock

Use of Mountain Pleasure Horses:  Mountain Pleasure Horses are used primarily as family horses, rather than for show, although the breed association does sponsor a breed show each year. Mountain Pleasure Horses make excellent trail mounts because of their sturdy constitution and calm dispositions.

Courtesy Beauty Ridge Farm

Mountain Pleasure Breed Profile

History of Mountain Pleasure Horses:  The Mountain Pleasure Horse developed in the limestone plateau west of the Appalachian Mountains. Horse that were rugged and sure-footed were in high demand, so breeders crossed English and European horses from the East Coast to with tough Spanish horses, many of whom were gaited. The resulting horse, now known as the Mountain Pleasure Horse, has changed very little in the past 100 years. Characteristics of a primitive Appalachian gaited horse are still evident in the breed. In 1989, the Mountain Pleasure Horse Association was formed to conserve and promote the breed. The association currently has about 3,000 horses registered. The group aims to maintain the heritage of the breed, with emphasis on its kind disposition and comfortable, natural gait. The Mountain Pleasure is closely related to the Rocky Mountain horse and many horses are included in registries of both breeds. In 1994, Kentucky governor Brereton Jones issued an official proclamation about the Mountain Pleasure Horse, indicating the breed has been carefully and closely breed for more than 160 years in Kentucky. The proclamation also stated that blood typing by the University of Kentucky has shown the Mountain Pleasure Horse to be the parent stock of the Rocky Mountain Horse, the Tennessee Walking Horse and the American Saddlebred.

Conformation:  Mountain Pleasure horses vary in type. Some have Spanish features, while others resemble more modern breeds. All types should have a deep, wide chest; long, sloping shoulders; and a gracefully arched neck that is medium in length and set at an angle to allow natural carriage with a break at the poll. All types have a smooth, four-beat gait instead of a trot. Foals are born with this gait, and no special training is needed for the gait to be present. Mountain Pleasure Horses stand 14.2 to 15.2 hands high and come in many solid colors, including gray and roan. Horses with pinto markings are not desirable for breeding. The breed is renowned for its calm and willing temperament.

Special Consideration/Notes on Mountain Pleasure Horses:  The Mountain Pleasure Horse is considered a rare breed and appears on the American Livestock Breed Conservancy watch list.

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Five in a Row Art in Five Minutes

The last couple of weeks we’ve been enjoying Lentil in our Five in a Row studies. So, when Nana stopped by for a visit, we asked if there was some sort of art activity she might be able to show us. We consulted the Five in a Row book and discussed how the illustrations were not pencil but charcoal. We didn’t have any charcoal, so we turned to the familiar chalk pastel. A black chalk pastel stick.

As suggested in Five in a Row, Volume 1, we focused on shadows and facial expressions. Nana showed us very simply…

…how to first draw an oval for a face. Two round dots turned the same direction for eyes.

Some half circles on each side of the head for ears. Then nice straight lines for hair – be sure to add Lentil’s cow lick! Then, decide which direction the sun is shining in your picture. Your shadows should be on the opposite side of Lentil’s face.

Shading and Shadows

Take your already smudged finger and just gently create some shadows.

Facial Expressions

We also talked about all the different expressions throughout the book. There was Colonel Carter, disappointed when the band wasn’t able to welcome him. There was Old Sneep – always frowning and grumbly. Lentil’s surprised face! Then there were all the happy faces of the townspeople when Colonel Carter said he would build a new hospital.

Our finished chalk pastel Lentil pictures

The actual art time only took about five minutes!

More art fun with children’s books:

  • A note on chalk pastels: Pastels are an easy, forgiving medium. Fun for children and adults alike! Details on the pastels and paper we use, how and where to purchase, and links to all of Nana’s other pastel lessons (over 47 lessons now) are all contained in the post Pastels plus links to tutorials. A simple set is very affordable. Nana also teaches acrylic lessons.
  • The practical aspects of a mess: Pastels are blessedly messy. We always have baby wipes close by to wipe hands. We wear something we don’t mind getting stained or don a smock.

Which expression will you make?

  1. 3

    Even though my kids are too old for FIAR, I am adding some of the books and projects to my younger two’s activities as a supplement because it gives them a welcome break. Picture books are great, even for older kids. The art projects you have been offering lately will fit perfectly with this plan. You and Nana always seem to come to the rescue at the perfect time. {hugs}

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Avda. de Sarriá, 50, 08029 Barcelona, Spain.
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Based on 2 HolidayCity Guest(s) Review

Hotel Overview

The Melia Barcelona Hotel is located in the financial and commercial heart of the city, alongside the most fashionable city sights and attractions. The new Melia Barcelona Hotel features elegant new rooms, the exclusivity of The Level, highly personalised service, excellent cuisine, the most relaxing Spa, and superior expertise in the organisation of events. Easy access in only around 20 minutes to Barcelona international airport.

The hotel offer a breakfast buffet, 2 restaurants, a snack bar-cafeteria and piano bar. The hotel also offers a fitness centre with sauna and massage where you can relax and forget the worries of your busy day. The hotel features 314 state of the art rooms that are sure to meet and exceed all of your expectations.   Read More…

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Melia Barcelona Hotel is located right in the heart of modern, cosmopolitan Barcelona, next to the most popular shopping malls (El Corte Inglés, L'illa Diagonal) and business centers. While in Barcelo…

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Mayenne / Landivy

Cottage / 3 Bedrooms / sleeps 6

Excellent 5/5

7 Nights min stay

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from £51 / night

£354 - £595 / week

Key info:

  • Nearest beach 25 km
  • Swimming pool
  • Great for children of all ages
  • Car advised
  • Some pets are welcome - please contact the owner
  • Private garden
Les Freuberts is a character longere built in the late 1600's with an attached cottage. The property is located near Landivy, a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France close to the Normandy and Pays de Loire border. We offer B&B in main house. A tre  …see more

13 Nov 2014

"Brilliant place to stay"

Stayed at Les Freuberts with our Sons and his family that included our two young Grand Daughters We had a fantastic time, Barbara and Keith were the perfect hosts who were always available to answer… More

Thank you for the great review. Much appreciated. We are doing maintenance now in the winter and you will be pleased to hear that a dishwasher is now installed!!! Hope to see you back one day. Regards Barbara & Keith & Benji!

22 Sep 2014

"Amazing host, perfect location. Will be back"

Perfect hosts, perfect setting, perfect gardens. Our 4 year old spent everyday on the trampoline & in the pool. So close to some great attractions. Will be going back next year!… More

18 Sep 2014

"Beautiful Place in Lovely Setting"

WE only stayed one night at Les Frueberts but we wished it could have been more, we arrived to be greeted by Keith and Barbara we were shown to their African Suite which had the most comfortable bed i… More

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from £65 /night help Price for guests, Nights

Very Good 4.5/5

3 reviews

from £65 /night help Price for guests, Nights

Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.

Rear decked sitting area and patio door entrance with ramp, Disabled access from the maincar park.

Cottage / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6

Need more information about booking Home 177303 ?

Cottage / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6

Key Info
  • Beach / lakeside relaxation
  • Great for children of all ages
  • Car advised
  • Pets welcome

Kingslake has 16 stunning self catering properties. The lodges and cottages sleep from two to eight people. Situated in the heart of the beautiful Devon countryside, along a private drive and away from any hustle and bustle. The 10 stone built cottages are set around sheltered water gardens, and enjoy a tranquil rural atmosphere, three of them with beautiful views across the rolling green meadow to Kitchen Lake, while the others have a range of private courtyard outdoor spaces or views of the well established gardens. Mown paths meander through the camping meadow, leading to the woodland walk and round 6 of the lakes, where over 50 species of birds have been spotted.

Enjoy the abundance of wildlife and seven coarse fishing lakes in a peaceful, idyllic setting. A safe environment for children with plenty of space to explore; they can try the nine hole golf pitch 'n' putt, feed the ponies, Kune Kune pigs, chickens and ducks, make sandcastles, play on the swings, in the pirate fort and climbing frame while the adults relax on the patio and tend the barbecue after a hard days fishing!

Size Sleeps up to 6, 3 bedrooms
Check in time: 14:00
Check out time: 10:00
Nearest beach Bude
Will consider Corporate bookings
Access Car advised
Nearest Amenities 6 km
Nearest travel links Nearest railway: Exeter
Family friendly Great for children of all ages
Notes Pets welcome, No smoking at this property

Features and Facilities

Luxuries Staffed property
General Central heating, TV, Wi-Fi available
Standard Kettle, Toaster, Iron
Utilities Clothes dryer, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
Rooms 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms and 1 Shower rooms
Furniture Double beds (2), Single beds (2), Cots (1), Dining seats for 6, Lounge seats for 6
Other Linen provided, High chair
Outdoors Balcony or terrace, Shared garden, BBQ, Climbing frame, Swing set, Private fishing lake or river
Access Secure parking, Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Wheelchair users
Further details indoors

This newly refurbished converted stone cottage, with beams, wooden flooring, and stylish open plan living area is a delight for anyone wanting to stay in a luxury property that offers an abundance of activites. Whether it's the supberb fishing, local areas to explore a touch of pitch 'n' putt or just whiling the time away with a great book. Kingslakes has a little for everyone.

Further details outdoors

To the rear of Holly, the newly constructed decking area allows you to host a family sized BBQ with room for friends to share, complemented by southfacing views of the lucious green rolling meadow down to our famous Kitchen Lake. We have had over 50 species of bird spotted here on site, coupled with the local Red Deer herds that drink and rest near the wild tench lake. Wildlife at its best in abundance.The car parking area is vast and provides plenty of space. There is a launderette with a washing machine and tumble dryer operated on a coin meter, plus ironing boards and irons. We also have severeal information points on site where you can seek out new destinations to explore.

Further details

We charge extra for fishing, all guests wishing to fish must have an up-to-date NRA License, and are required to follow our on site fishing rules. The weekly charge for fishing is £20 per week per person for two rods, Our normal holiday period is Saturday to Saturday although we are willing to accept short breaks so please call us to have a chat about your needs.

The Devon region

Kingslake is situated in 'The Ruby Country' between the two market towns of Holsworthy and Hatherleigh. Centrally located for sightseeing in north or south Devon, 20 mins from Okehampton and Dartmoor and 25 mins from the beautiful beaches at Bude. The Eden project is an hour's drive along with the beautiful Lost Gardens of Heligan and many other places of interest in Cornwall and Devon are easily accessible.

Holsworthy and Hatherleigh are small friendly market towns, both have a number of pubs with restaurants. Hatherleigh has a traditional country market on Tuesday mornings with several auctions. One is their famous poultry auction where sellers bring their livestock of all sizes and shapes from small birds to large Geese, guinea pigs, rabits and ferrets alike.the other is the Household auction where you'll find many an interesting item ranging from plants, shrubs and household effects to garden furniture and tools. Holsworthy has a market on Wednesday selling a variety of local produce. Many stalls at both markets sell all sorts of things and the pubs have local brewed beers and good food.

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Review 1-3 of 3

27 Aug 2012

"Secluded location, good 3 star accommodation"

We went as a family of 4, 2 adults and 2 teenagers, 15 and 13. Saturday on arrival we were greeted and shown our cottage. First impressions were that it did smell a bit damp. The kids first impressions were that it was an old persons house. It may have been the old flowery settee! We were told that the fridge may not work properly and that a new one was on its way, Tuesday! Great I thought having brought milk and meat etc. However it wasnt too much of a problem because the weather was poor anyway, but they could have warned us! The cottage is for 6 and we only had 4 of us, and I don't think there would be enough room for 6 people(especially adults) to be fair. There isn't enough comfy chair space for a start! The reason the damp smell lingers is probably because of the shower room. Once you have all had one it takes a while for the damp air to escape. The were some grizzles about the comfiness of the beds too. The lack of wi-fi and phone signal were also a little gripe by the teens but it did make us play some card games together!! Also, the flies were very annoying, once the rain disappeared and the sun came out, so did the flies!! However having said all that, the cottage was clean and had mostly everything you needed. The setting was very secluded and there is lots of wildlife. Also, my husband did teach my son some fishing and it was an ideal place for that, plenty for him to catch. (Although probably not hard enough for the more hard core fisherman!) Will we go back? As a family-no I don't think so. There are many other places to go and enjoy. Recommended to families with young children who like to fish and don't mind travelling for days out!

Thank you for taking the time to review our property. We are sorry you were not fully happy with your stay with us. To address some of your points: we only found out that the fridge was not working at full capacity on the Saturday morning (the freezer was still working) we ordered a new one immediately and were promised delivery on Sunday; unfortunately they changed the delivery to Tuesday. Sorry we can't control the weather and it was a wet week and the wettest summer on record - in the country we get flies with warm damp weather! The furnishings are 'cottagey' but we take note that they may not appeal to teenagers and we plan to replace the suite. The suite seats 5 adults comfortably and there is a basket type chair with cushions as extra. The disabled shower room is on the ground floor off the living area, it has an extractor fan and windows that can be opened, but may take a little while to air after a lot of use. The beds are all hotel standard, some are pocket sprung as reccommended by the tourist board. Sorry we don't have wi fi or a brilliant phone signal - this is due to our location. Our visitors say that the fishing is excellent and we have lakes to appeal to all capabilities. We want all our visitors to have a good holiday and we appreciate helpful comments about ways to improve their holiday experience.

Review 1-3 of 3

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Sleeps 6

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      You're booking with

      Michelle H.

      • 2 Years listed

      100% Response rate

      Calendar last updated:29 Jul 2015

      Based in United Kingdom

      Languages spoken
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Map and how to get there

Attractions Restaurants

Nearest travel links

Airport Pisa 70 km
Train station Aulla 15 km
Car Car essential

Activities near Fivizzano

Sports Horse riding, Waterpark
Great for Walking holidays, Rural or countryside holidays, Cycling holidays

How to get there

Many airlines offer low cost flights to Pisa from the United Kingdom and other European countries, as well as a inexpensive connections from the United States and Canada.

Here is a list of the European low-cost carriers that fly into Pisa, the dominant major airport in Tuscany:

EasyJet ( services from several UK airports direct to Pisa

Ryanair ( services Pisa with direct flights from London, Brussels, and Frankfurt.

Air Lib Express ( flies into Pisa from Paris.

Hapag-Lloyd Express ( services Pisa through its hub at Cologne-Bonn.

British Airways ( services from London Heathrow (Terminal 5)

A car is essential. There are many car rental companies at Pisa Airport., including National, Avis, Hertz, Budget, and smaller companies.