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Egyptology in the Torah: Biblical Archeology

Egyptology in the Torah: Biblical Archeology

Contrary to popular Egyptologist belief, the Torah does contain numerous hints of contemporary life in ancient Egypt.

The western world has a fascination with the culture of ancient Egypt. The image of the great stone sphinx guarding the lofty pyramiding tombs of the mummified pharaohs, as the once all-powerful king journeyed through the world of darkness, adds to the mysterious lure of ancient Egypt. Over 100,000 books have been written on this inscrutable land and its pharaohs, the first one being composed over 2000 years ago. By the time the Hellenistic historian, Manetho, composed his Aegyptiaca in the third century BCE, the pharaoh of the Exodus had already been mummified about 1,000 earlier.

For the Jewish People, ancient Egypt has a much deeper allure. Much of the first two books of the Torah takes place in Egypt. [1] The experience of the Israelites in Egypt is so important to the centrality of Judaism that the Exodus from Egypt is mentioned in the very opening of the Ten Commandments. "I am the Lord your God, who have brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery dus 20:2)"

Egyptologists have expressed disappointment that almost nothing relating to ancient Egyptian life or culture can be gleaned from the Bible. This has lead many, such as Egyptologist Donald Redford of Pennsylvania State University to disparagingly claim, "The Hebrew writer (of the Bible) was not so well acquainted with Egypt as has often been imagined." [2]

Egyptologists claim that the Torah was composed 8-10 centuries after the Exodus and the "Biblical author(s)" had no idea what was going on in ancient Egypt. They are mistaken.

For us, the lack of cultural references is quite understandable because the Torah is neither a history book nor an anthropological record of ancient societies but rather it is a guide for everyday life based on human nature and the spiritual loftiness of the Jewish soul and these elements are timeless. However, many Egyptologists have taken a different approach. They claim that the Torah was composed 8-10 centuries after the Exodus and the "Biblical author(s)" had no idea what was going on in ancient Egypt. Therefore, these Egyptologists claim, the Torah had no choice but to remain silent about ancient Egyptian practices.

Not only are they wrong about when the Torah was composed and by Whom, these Egyptologists are also quite mistaken if they think there are no revelations to be found in the Torah reflecting ancient Egyptian life. Let us see for ourselves.

1. "And they sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for 20 pieces of silver; and they brought Joseph to Egypt" (Genesis 37:28). In ancient times, just as in our day and age, prices slowly but steadily increased over the course of time. In ancient Ur, circa 2000 BCE, a slave would cost 10-15 pieces of silver (shekels). During the reign of the Hammurabi dynasty, the price increased slightly, to about 20 pieces of silver. For a while, the price of a slave remained fairly stable but by the last quarter of the second millennium BCE., the price crept up to 30 shekels. During the first quarter of the Assyrian Empire, a healthy slave could fetch 50-60 pieces of silver and by the middle of the first millennium, the price of a slave soared to over 100 shekels.[3] When the Torah tells us that Joseph was sold for 20 pieces of silver it was an accurate reflection of the price of a slave in Canaan/Egypt at that time period, about 1500 BCE according to our Biblical chronology.

2. The Torah (Genesis 37:36) tells us that the name of Joseph's slave-master was Potiphar. It later tells us that Joseph's wife's name was Asenath (Genesis 41:45). These were in fact Egyptian names in use in Egypt during the time of Joseph, though they were quite unusual and later fell into disuse. Biblical "author(s)" not aware of these obscure ancient names could never have used them.[4]

Torah uses the exact expression the contemporary Egyptians used for the foreman of the servants and slaves.

3. The Torah tells us that Joseph was the overseer of Potiphar's estate. There are many possible titles one can give the chief slave or servant. The Torah chose to call Joseph the one "Over the house" (Genesis 39:4). The Papyrus Brooklyn 53.1446 refers to a chief slave and gives his proper title as the one who was "Over the house."[5] We see that the Torah is using the exact expression the contemporary Egyptians used for the foreman of the servants and slaves.

4- "And Joseph's master took him, and put him in the prison, a place where the king's prisoners were confined" (Genesis 39:20). Due to the false accusations of Potiphar's wife, Joseph was thrown into a prison. The concept of imprisonment was not widespread in the ancient world of the early Biblical era. In the Torah itself, we do not find any mention of imprisonment being a form of punishment. We do find that the son of Shelomith, who cursed God, was held in confinement, but that was only until the correct punishment could be determined. The actual detention was not a punishment. In the ancient world, those convicted of crimes were generally killed, tortured, mutilated or made to compensate monetarily. The concept of imprisonment was almost unheard of. Egypt was one of the very few exceptions to have prisons. Many of the isolated fortresses that guarded the borders of ancient Egypt also served as royal prisons.[6]

5. "Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon; and he shaved himself, and changed his garment, and came in to Pharaoh." (Genesis 41:14) Joseph, known to be an interpreter of dreams, was taken out of prison to be brought before the pharaoh to interpret pharaoh's dream. But first, Joseph had to shave to make himself more presentable to the king.

Throughout the ancient Middle East, beards were considered the norm, especially among "Asiatics" such as the Israelites. In fact the longer and more styled the beard, the greater the admiration. The common folk had shorter, trimmed beards. The king was depicted with a long tightly curled beard. The exception to this rule was in Egypt. Egyptians are rarely depicted with beards and those few times that they are depicted with facial hair, it is usually the pharaoh and not any of his subjects. In Egyptian tomb and temple depictions, enemies are often depicted with beards. The Biblical "author(s)" seem to be very aware that proper Egyptian etiquette demanded that Joseph had to shave before entering the presence of the pharaoh, unlike anywhere else in the ancient world.

6. Pharaoh had a dream in which "… behold, I stood upon the bank of the river. And, behold, there came up from the river seven cows, fat and beautiful; and they fed in the reed grass. And, behold, seven other cows came up after them, scrawny and very gaunt and thin, such as I have never seen in all the land of Egypt for badness. And the thin and the gaunt cows ate the first seven fat cows. And when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still inferior as before." (Genesis 41:18-21)

Joseph interpreted the dream to be a sign of the fate that was in store for Egypt. There would be seven years of plentiful harvest. Those years would be followed by seven years of famine. The famine would be so severe that people would not be able to recall the years of plenty. Though Pharaoh had consulted his wise men as to the meaning of the dream, they could not explain it in such a manner that would satisfy the pharaoh. Why did the pharaoh find Joseph's interpretation acceptable? Why did it ring true?

In Egyptian mythology, the goddess of fate was Hathor, the cow-goddess. Ancient Egyptians believed that at the birth of a child, Hathor would appear in all her seven forms and decree the fate of the newborn.[7] When the pharaoh saw seven cows in his dream, he knew that is was an omen of the future of Egypt, but he knew not what that was until Joseph interpreted the dream. Had the Biblical "author(s)" invented this story a thousand years later, it would have been truly amazing for them to be aware of this little-known tidbit of ancient Egyptian mythology.

7. "And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and arrayed him in garments of fine linen, and put a gold collar about his neck" (Genesis 41:42). Joseph advised the pharaoh to store a portion of the harvest in granaries during the years of plenty to be used during the years of famine. Pharaoh acknowledged the wisdom of Joseph and made him the viceroy. This investiture of power was formalized in three ways: 1) Joseph was given the pharaoh's ring, 2) Joseph was arrayed in fine linen clothing, and 3) a gold collar was placed around Joseph's neck.

The symbolism of a king removing his ring and placing it upon the hand of another is well known as an investiture of authority and power in the ancient world.8] A vizier who was given the pharaoh's signet ring was known officially as The Royal Seal Bearer.[9] The wearing of fine linen garments, so thin as to be semi-transparent, seem to have been a sign of royalty and great prestige in ancient Egypt. Princes and princesses and members of their household are often depicted wearing semi-transparent linen clothing. The placement of a gold collar around the neck is a uniquely ancient Egyptian custom called the conferment of the Gold of Praise.[10]

There are two well-known depictions of this ceremony. The first one shows Pharaoh Seti I sitting on his throne under an ornate canopy. Before him are two servants placing a gold collar around the neck of a priest. The second depiction shows Akhenaten and his queen standing on their balcony tossing gold collars to one of the gods. Though there are almost 40 known depictions and written references to the investiture ceremony, none pre-date the Eighteenth Dynasty.[11] The story of Joseph occurred during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Circa 1550-1300 BCE

8. "And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son who is born you shall throw into the river, and every daughter you shall let live." (Exodus 1:22)

One of the things that frustrate Biblical scholars is that the infamous pharaoh is never called by his name; he is simply referred to as pharaoh. We have no way of identifying which pharaoh it was, based solely on the Biblical text. However, referring to the ruler simply as "the pharaoh" was the accepted practice in ancient Egypt. Tomb engravings and government missives often refer to the king simply as "Pharaoh." This practice continued until about 1000 B.C.E.[12] After that time, the pharaoh would be referred to by name. Bible critics should surely find it surprising that the Biblical "author(s)" were aware of this.

9. Joseph's father, Jacob, was brought down from Canaan to Egypt. After many years, Jacob died. "And Joseph ordered his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father…" (Genesis 50:2)

Embalming was a practice unique to Egypt. There are only Egyptian mummies; there are no Canaanite, Babylonian, Assyrian, or any other mummies.

10. "And these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came to Egypt" (Exodus 1:1)

The Hebrew name for Egypt is Mitzrayim. The name is unusual because the suffix yim implies a plural. The singular form would be Mitzar. The ancient Egyptians themselves referred to their land in the plural, Tawy, which means "Two Lands." Egypt was composed of two lands. There was Upper Egypt to the south and Lower Egypt to the north. At times, the two lands had different kings and at times the two lands were united. The name Tawy, Two Lands, would refer to a united Egypt. The plural Hebrew name merely reflects the plural Egyptian name as it was called during the Eighteen Dynasty.

11. "…but God made me (Joseph) a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt (Genesis 45:8)".

Joseph, in his capacity of adviser to the king, calls himself "Father to Pharaoh" (Genesis 45:8). This title was in fact the very title given to royal advisers in ancient Egypt.[13] 12. "And the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, and the name of one was Shifrah (Exodus 1:15)" The beginning of the book of Exodus makes reference to the Hebrew midwife, Shifrah A papyrus (Papyrus Brooklyn 35.1446) lists the names of more than 40 Semitic female slaves. One of those female slaves was named Shifrah. Clearly, it was an authentic name of the era. 13 &14. "Go yourselves and take for yourselves straw where you can find it but do not diminish from your work anything." (Exodus 5:11)

Pharaoh ordered his taskmasters and their underlings not to supply the Israelite slaves with the straw that was needed to make the bricks. The slaves would have to find and cut the straw themselves and still furnish the required numbers of bricks.

The verse is telling us two things that are not widely known. First, that straw was used in the manufacture of bricks in ancient Egypt. This was not the practice in Mesopotamia, where baked clay, without straw, was used. In the land of Canaan, stone, not brick, was the primary building material. Only in Egypt were bricks made of mud and straw. Clay mixed with straw results in bricks that are three times as strong as those made without straw because fluids in the straw release humic acid and harden the bricks.[14]

If the "Biblical author(s)" were making up the whole story of the Israelite enslavement in Egypt, they would have drawn upon local brick-making practice, which was fashioning bricks from stone. Or, they would have drawn upon Mesopotamian plain clay practice since, according to many historians, the Jews had recently returned from Mesopotamia (Babylon) when the so-called "authors" made up the Biblical story.

Second, the verse is telling us that a tally of the bricks made by the slaves was recorded. An ancient Egyptian scroll (Louvre Leather Roll 1274) tells us that tallies of bricks made by slaves were in fact recorded. The scroll is critical of "Paherypedjet son of Paser," one of the 40 overseers of Rameses II, who failed to deliver his quota of 2,000 bricks. It goes on to say that the shortfall was because the slaves "could not gather the required amount of straw." As a result, the slaves were beaten.[15]

15. "The Lord God of the Hebrews has met with us (Moses and Aaron); and now let us go, we beseech you, three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God" (Exodus 3:18)

It seems to be the height of audacity for someone to ask that slaves be given time off for a holiday. However, an ancient Egyptian text (Louvre Leather Roll 1274) indicates that workers were granted time off for their religious holidays. Similarly, a text discovered in the workmen's village of Deir el-Medineh states that slave-workers had gone off "to offer to their god." One would think that slaves requesting time off for religious holidays would be out of the question but these texts show that such requests were in fact granted.[16].

16. "…but God made me (Joseph) a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt (Genesis 45:8)".

There are those who argue that it is unlikely that a Semite (such as Joseph) would have been appointed viceroy of Egypt. However, Sir Alan H. Gardiner, one of the premier Egyptologists of the early 20th century, points out that it was not that an uncommon occurrence for foreigner to rise to a position of power in ancient Egypt.[17] In fact, in 1980 a new tomb was discovered in Saqqara, Egypt, about 18 miles south of Cairo. It was the burial chamber of Aperel. He was a Semite, though not necessarily an Israelite. He was the royal vizier under Amenhotep III and Akhenaten of the Eighteenth Dynasty, the same dynasty that saw Joseph's rise to power.[18]

17. "And the Egyptians made the people of Israel serve with rigor. And they made their lives bitter with hard slavery, in mortar, and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field; all their service, which they made them serve, was with rigor." (Exodus 1;13-14)

There is no record of foreign labor being conscripted prior to the Eighteenth Dynasty.

The consensus among scholars is that the time frame of the Exodus story, whether it is real or not, takes place during the Eighteenth Dynasty It is interesting to note that there is no record of foreign labor being conscripted prior to the Eighteenth Dynasty.[19] Before the Eighteenth Dynasty, foreign slaves were either purchased in the slave market or were captives of war. In addition, those slaves were only used for domestic purposes or to serve in temples. Having the Israelites, who were not captives nor purchased, serve as brick-makers was unique to the Eighteenth Dynasty.[20]

We can readily see that the Torah does contain numerous hints of contemporary life in ancient Egypt. The hints are subtle but they are there. "Turn it over and turn it over; it is all there" (Ethics of the Fathers, 5:22).

[1]In the Torah there are 375 references to Egypt In all of Tenach there are more than 700 references. By, contrast, there are only 667 references to Jerusalem.
[2] D.B.Redford, A Study of the Biblical Story of Joseph (Leiden: Brill, 1970) 241
[3] K.A. Kitchen, "The Patriarchal Age: Myth or History," Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 1995.
[4] J.F. Free, Archaeology and Bible History, rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992) 72.
[5] J.K. Hoffmeier, Israel in Egypt (London: Oxford University Press,1997) 84.
[6] A.S. Yahuda, The Accuracy of the Bible (USA:E.P. Hutton & Co.,1935) 5
[8] See Esther 3:1 & 8:2.
[9] N. Sarna, Understanding Genesis (New York: Schocken Books, 1970) 220.
[10] Ibid. Yahuda, 7, 11.
[11] Ibid. Hoffmeier, 92.
[12] Trude Weiss-Rosmarin, New Light on the Bible (New York: Jewish Book Club,1941)32.
[13] Ibid. Sarna, 220.
[14] (Gerald Vardaman describes this in Archaeology and the Living Word, 1966, p. 37, and Baruch Halpern writes about Mesopotamian and Canaanite building materials in "The Exodus from Egypt: Myth or Reality?" The Rise of Ancient Israel, Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington D.C., pp 99-100.)
[15] K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996) Vol. 2, 520–522 & Out of Egypt," BAR Jan/Feb 2007.
[16] K. A. Kitchen, "From the Brickfields of Egypt," Tyndale Bulletin 27, 1976, 145–146. See also K.A. Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003) 553 note #10.
[17] A. Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs (London: Oxford University Press, 1962) 277.
[18] Ibid. Hoffmeier, 94.
[19] K.A. Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003) 247 Ibid & Kitchen, Tyndale Bulletin 27 (1976) 137-147
[20] Ibid & Kitchen, Tyndale Bulletin 27 (1976) 137-147

August 2, 2008

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Visitor Comments: 17

(17) Thomas Zaccone, July 1, 2009 8:36 PM

More Evidence of the Torah's Authenticity

When Joseph died, the Torah says he was prepared for burial and morned for a certain number of days - I believe it was 70 days. That was the time frame the Egyptians normally took to prepare an important body for mummification and burial. Bob Brier, the New York Egyptologist pointed this out. He also mentioned that Moses is an Egyptian name, not a Hebrew one - e.g. Pharoahs Thutmose, Ahmose, Kamose. There is also a refernce to HOW the Egyptians should observe Hebrew women giving birth as they sat on a stool - the usual position for a woman who was giving brith in Ancient Egypt.

(16) L. Marcus, September 1, 2008 8:50 PM

Date of the Torah

I may be mistaken but I do not believe the "Egyptologists" who date the writing of the Torah at almost a thousand years after the Exodus claim that the authors made up the stories. They certainly must acknowledge that there had to be a strong oral tradition based on stories originlly told since the occurence of the events depicted, that these stories easily might have contained details that otherwise would have been unknown, but that it was only many centuries later that the oral tradition was finally written down in agreed-upon codified form, no?

(15) kernkehilla, August 19, 2008 5:40 PM

George Syncellus and Kathleen Kenyon no proof, he long after fact, & biased /unreliable sources, she err's w/ faulty isotope dating (jericho 2488 post Creation =1272BCE

George Syncellus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search George Syncellus (died after 810) was a Byzantine chronicler and ecclesiastic. He had lived many years in Palestine as a monk, and came to Constantinople to fill the important post of syncellus to Tarasius, patriarch of Constantinople. The syncellus served as the patriarch's private secretary, was generally a bishop, and was the most important ecclesiastical person in the capital after the patriarch himself, and often the patriarch's successor. However George did not succeed Tarasius, and he retired to a monastery where he wrote his Extract of Chronography (Ekloge chronographias), which covered events of the world from Adam and Eve to the beginning of Diocletian's reign. His chronicle, as its title implies, is more of a chronological table with notes than a history. George continued the chronological structure of Sextus Julius Africanus, arranging his events strictly in order of time, and naming them in the year which they happened. The text is continually interrupted by long tables of dates, so markedly that Krumbacher described it as being "rather a great historical list [Geschichtstabelle] with added explanations, than a universal history." George reveals himself as a staunch upholder of orthodoxy, and quotes Greek Fathers such as Gregory Nazianzen and John Chrysostom. But in spite of its religious bias and dry and uninteresting character, the fragments of ancient writers and apocryphal books preserved in it make it especially valuable. For instance, considerable portions of the original text of the Chronicle of Eusebius have been restored by the aid of George's work. His chief authorities were Annianus of Alexandria and Panodorus of Alexandria (monks who wrote near the beginning of the 5th century), through whom George acquired much of his knowledge of the history of Manetho, George also relied heavily on Eusebius, Dexippus and Julius Africanus. Syncellus's chronicle was continued after his death by his friend Theophanes. Anastasius, the Papal Librarian, composed a Historia tripartita in Latin, from the chronicles of Syncellus, Theophanes, and Patriarch Nicephorus. This work, written between 873 and 875, spread Syncellus's preferenced dates for historical events through the West. Meanwhile, in the East George's fame was gradually overshadowed by that of Theophanes.

(14) L. Wilson, August 18, 2008 9:57 AM

Exodus pharoah known by Syncellus

Just in case the good rabbi is not aware, Syncellus clearly identifies the pharaoh of the Exodus as Amenhotep III. It's not a mystery. Further architect Dame Kathleen Kenyon limits the fall of Jericho to 1350-1325 BCE which also points to Amenhotep III/Akhenaton. Further RC14 dating for the fall of Rehov by Shishak likewise points to Amenhotep III/Akhenaten. So why are we pretending it's a mystery? It's not.

(13) kernkehilla, August 16, 2008 11:06 PM

wrote: (12) Albert E., 11/8/2008 Fluctuations .. a graph at the bottom showing fluctuations of the Nile. from 4500 B.C. to A.D 395. Hi Albert, that graph dating is built on faulty assumptions. The first capital of Mizrayim the second son of Ham was not even built till 7 years after Hebron I believe built for a grandson of Ham via his son Cannan. Egypto,ogists are all over the place on dating and identifying reigns and a 1,000 year error especially where carbon dating based on faulty logic of circular reasoning as almost all isotope dating over 3,500 - 4,000 years is and needs calibrating for post flood radiaition build. So its an ignorant joke to say any egypt history over 4,000 years. Mabul/Noah's flood 1656 ice age 340 years 1996 continental separation and dispersion from Bavel/Tower Babel Today 16 Av 5768 first day of the week. memo for addl proof and sources.

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Malicious and slanderous reports against Israel abound in the British press.

  • Israel's actions in Jenin were "every bit as repellent" as Osama bin Laden's attack on New York on September 11, wrote Britain's Guardian in its lead editorial of April 17.

  • "We are talking here of massacre, and a cover-up, of genocide," said a leading columnist for the Evening Standard, London's main evening newspaper, on April 15.

  • "Rarely in more than a decade of war reporting from Bosnia, Chechnya, Sierra Leone, Kosovo, have I seen such deliberate destruction, such disrespect for human life," reported Janine di Giovanni, the London Times's correspondent in Jenin, on April 16.

Now that even the Palestinian Authority has admitted that there was no massacre in Jenin last month -- and some Palestinian accounts speak instead of a "great victory against the Jews" in door-to-door fighting that left 23 Israelis dead -- it is worth taking another look at how the international media covered the fighting there. The death count is still not completely agreed. The Palestinian Authority now claims that 56 Palestinians died in Jenin, the majority of whom were combatants according to the head of Yasser Arafat's Fatah organization in the town. Palestinian hospital sources in Jenin put the total number of dead at 52. Last week's Human Rights Watch report also said 52 Palestinians died. Israel says 46 Palestinians died, all but three of whom were combatants. Palestinian medical sources have confirmed that at least one of these civilians died after Israel withdrew from Jenin on April 12, as a result of a booby-trapped bomb that Palestinian fighters had planted accidentally going off.

Yet one month ago, the media's favorite Palestinian spokespersons, such as Saeb Erekat -- a practiced liar if ever there was one -- spoke first of 3,000 Palestinian dead, then of 500. Without bothering to check, the international media just lapped his figures up.

Israel was invariably compared to the Nazis, to al Qaeda, and to the Taliban.

The British media was particularly emotive in its reporting. They devoted page upon page, day after day, to tales of mass murders, common graves, summary executions, and war crimes. Israel was invariably compared to the Nazis, to al Qaeda, and to the Taliban. One report even compared the thousands of supposedly missing Palestinians to the "disappeared" of Argentina. The possibility that Yasser Arafat's claim that the Palestinians had suffered "Jeningrad" might be -- to put it mildly -- somewhat exaggerated seems not to have been considered. (800,000 Russians died during the 900-day siege of Leningrad; 1.3 million died in Stalingrad.)

Collectively, this misreporting was an assault on the truth on a par with the New York Times's Walter Duranty's infamous cover-up of the man-made famine inflicted by Stalin on millions of Ukrainians in the 1930s.

There were malicious and slanderous reports against Israel in the American media too -- with Arafat's propagandists given hundreds of hours on television to air their incredible tales of Israeli atrocities -- but at least some American journalists attempted to be fair. On April 16, Newsday's reporter in Jenin, Edward Gargan, wrote: "There is little evidence to suggest that Israeli troops conducted a massacre of the dimensions alleged by Palestinian officials." Molly Moore of the Washington Post eported: "No evidence has yet surfaced to support allegations by Palestinian groups and aid organizations of large-scale massacres or executions."

Compare this with some of the things which appeared in the British media on the very same day, April 16: Under the headline "Amid the ruins, the grisly evidence of a war crime," the Jerusalem correspondent for the London Independent, Phil Reeves, began his dispatch from Jenin: "A monstrous war crime that Israel has tried to cover up for a fortnight has finally been exposed." He continued: "The sweet and ghastly reek of rotting human bodies is everywhere, evidence that it is a human tomb. The people say there are hundreds of corpses, entombed beneath the dust."

Reeves spoke of "killing fields," an image more usually associated with Pol Pot's Cambodia. Forgetting to tell his readers that Arafat's representatives, like those of the other totalitarian regimes that surround Israel, have a habit of lying a lot, he quoted Palestinians who spoke of "mass murder" and "executions." Reeves didn't bother to quote any Israeli source whatsoever in his story. In another report Reeves didn't even feel the need to quote Palestinian sources at all when he wrote about Israeli "atrocities committed in the Jenin refugee camp, where its army has killed and injured hundreds of Palestinians."

But it wasn't only journalists of the left who indulged in Israel baiting. The right-wing Daily Telegraph -- which some in the U.K. have dubbed the "Daily Tel-Aviv-ograph" because its editorials are frequently sympathetic to Israel -- was hardly any less misleading in its news coverage, running headlines such as "Hundreds of victims 'were buried by bulldozer in mass grave.'"

The Guardian's lead editorial compared the Israeli incursion in Jenin with the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11.

In a story on April 15 entitled "Horror stories from the siege of Jenin," the paper's correspondent, David Blair, took at face value what he called "detailed accounts" by Palestinians that "Israeli troops had executed nine men." Blair quotes one woman telling him that Palestinians were "stripped to their underwear, they were searched, bound hand and foot, placed against a wall and killed with single shots to the head."

On the next day, April 16, Blair quoted a "family friend" of one supposedly executed man: "Israeli soldiers had stripped him to his underwear, pushed him against a wall and shot him." He also informed Telegraph readers that "two thirds of the camp had been destroyed." (In fact, as the satellite photos show, the destruction took place in one small area of the camp.)

The "quality" British press spoke with almost wall-to-wall unanimity. The Evening Standard's Sam Kiley conjured up witnesses to speak of Israel's "staggering brutality and callous murder." The Times's Janine di Giovanni, suggested that Israel's mission to destroy suicide bomb-making factories in Jenin (a town from which at the Palestinians own admission 28 suicide bombers had already set out) was an excuse by Ariel Sharon to attack children with chickenpox. The Guardian's Suzanne Goldenberg wrote, "The scale [of destruction] is almost beyond imagination."

In case British readers didn't get the message from their "news reporters," the editorial writers spelled it out loud and clear. On April 17, the Guardian's lead editorial compared the Israeli incursion in Jenin with the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11. "Jenin," wrote the Guardian was "every bit as repellent in its particulars, no less distressing, and every bit as man-made."

"Jenin camp looks like the scene of a crime... Jenin already has that aura of infamy that attaches to a crime of especial notoriety," continued this once liberal paper, which used to pride itself on its honesty -- and one of whose former editors coined the phrase "comment is free, facts are sacred."

One of the Evening Standard's leading columnists accused Israel of "the poisoning of water supplies" -- a libel dangerously reminiscent of ancient anti-Semitic myths.

Whereas the Guardian's editorial writers compared the Jewish state to al Qaeda, Evening Standard commentators merely compared the Israeli government to the Taliban. Writing on April 15, A. N. Wilson, one of the Evening Standard's leading columnists accused Israel of "the poisoning of water supplies" (a libel dangerously reminiscent of ancient anti-Semitic myths) and wrote "we are talking here of massacre, and a cover-up, of genocide."

He also attempted to pit Christians against Jews by accusing Israel of "the willful burning of several church buildings," and making the perhaps even more incredible assertion that "Many young Muslims in Palestine are the children of Anglican Christians, educated at St George's Jerusalem, who felt that their parents' mild faith was not enough to fight the oppressor."

Then, before casually switching to write about how much money Catherine Zeta-Jones is paying her nanny, Wilson wrote: "Last week, we saw the Israeli troops destroy monuments in Nablus of ancient importance: the scene where Jesus spoke to a Samaritan woman at the well. It is the equivalent of the Taliban destroying Buddhist sculpture." (Perhaps Wilson had forgotten that the only monument destroyed in Nablus since Arafat launched his war against Israel in September 2000, was the ancient Jewish site of Joseph's tomb, torn down by a Palestinian mob while Arafat's security forces looked on.)

Other commentators threw in the Holocaust, turning it against Israel. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, a leading columnist for the Independent wrote (April 15): "I would suggest that Ariel Sharon should be tried for crimes against humanity ... and be damned for so debasing the profoundly important legacy of the Holocaust, which was meant to stop forever nations turning themselves into ethnic killing machines."

Many of the hostile comments were leveled at the U.S. "Why, for God's sake, can't Mr. Powell do the decent thing and demand an explanation for the extraordinary, sinister events that have taken place in Jenin? Does he really have to debase himself in this way? Does he think that meeting Arafat, or refusing to do so, takes precedence over the enormous slaughter that has overwhelmed the Palestinians?" wrote Robert Fisk in the Independent.

In the wake of the media attacks, came the politicians. Speaking in the House of Commons on April 16, Gerald Kaufman, a veteran Labor Member of Parliament and a former shadow foreign secretary, announced that Ariel Sharon was a "war criminal" who led a "repulsive government." To nods of approval from his fellow parliamentarians, Kaufman, who is Jewish, said the "methods of barbarism against the Palestinians" supposedly employed by the Israeli army were "staining the Star of David with blood."

Speaking on behalf of the opposition Conservative party, John Gummer, a former cabinet minister, also lashed out at Israel. He said he was basing his admonition on "the evidence before us." Was Gummer perhaps referring to the twisted news reports he may have watched from the BBC's correspondent Orla Guerin? Or maybe his evidence stemmed from the account given by Ann Clwyd, a Labour MP, who on return from a fleeting fact-finding mission to Jenin, told parliament she had a "croaky voice" and this was all the fault of dust caused by Israeli tanks.

Clwyd had joined a succession of VIP visitors parading through Jenin - members of the European parliament, U.S. church leaders, Amnesty International Secretary-General Irene Khan, Bianca Jagger, ex-wife of pop-music legend Mick Jagger. Clwyd's voice wasn't sufficiently croaky, though, to prevent her from calling on all European states to withdraw their ambassadors from Israel.

Not to be outdone by politicians, Britain's esteemed academics went further. Tom Paulin, who lectures in 19th- and 20th-century literature at Oxford University, opined that the U.S.-born Jews who live on the west bank of the river Jordan should be "shot dead."

"They are Nazis, racists," he said, adding (though one might have thought this was unnecessary after his previous comment) "I feel nothing but hatred for them." (Paulin is also one of BBC television's regular commentators on the arts. The BBC says they will continue to invite him even after these remarks; Oxford University has taken no action against him.)

The British media appear to have based much of its evidence of "genocide" on a single individual.

On closer examination, the "facts" on which many of the media reports were based -- "facts" that no doubt played a role in inspiring such hateful remarks as Paulin's -- reveal an even greater scandal. The British media appear to have based much of its evidence of "genocide" on a single individual: "Kamal Anis, a labourer" (Times), "Kamal Anis, 28" (Daily Telegraph), "A quiet, sad-looking young man called Kamal Anis" (Independent), and referred to the same supposed victim -- "the burned remains of a man, Bashar" (Evening Standard), "Bashir died in agony" (Times), "A man named only as Bashar once lived there" (Daily Telegraph).

Independent: "Kamal Anis saw the Israeli soldiers pile 30 bodies beneath a half-wrecked house. When the pile was complete, they bulldozed the building, bringing its ruins down on the corpses. Then they flattened the area with a tank."

Times: "Kamal Anis says the Israelis leveled the place; he saw them pile bodies into a mass grave, dump earth on top, then ran over it to flatten it."

Evidently, as can be seen from the following reports, British journalists hadn't been speaking to the same Palestinian witnesses as American journalists.

Los Angeles Times: Palestinians in Jenin "painted a picture of a vicious house-to-house battle in which Israeli soldiers faced Palestinian gunmen intermixed with the camp's civilian population."

Boston Globe: Following extensive interviews with "civilians and fighters" in Jenin "none reported seeing large numbers of civilians killed." On the other hand, referring to the deaths of Israeli soldiers in Jenin, Abdel Rahman Sa'adi, an "Islamic Jihad grenade-thrower," told the Globe "This was a massacre of the Jews, not of us."

Some in the American press also mentioned the video filmed by the Israeli army (and shown on Israeli television) of Palestinians moving corpses of people who had previously died of natural causes, rather than in the course of the Jenin fighting, into graveyards around the camp to fabricate "evidence" in advance of the now-cancelled U.N. fact-finding mission.

But if Europeans readers don't trust American journalists, perhaps they are ready to believe the testimony given in the Arab press. Take, for example, the extensive interview with a Palestinian bomb-maker, Omar, in the leading Egyptian newspaper, Al-Ahram.

"We had more than 50 houses booby-trapped around the [Jenin] camp," Omar said. "We chose old and empty buildings and the houses of men who were wanted by Israel because we knew the soldiers would search for them... We cut off lengths of mains water pipes and packed them with explosives and nails. Then we placed them about four meters apart throughout the houses -- in cupboards, under sinks, in sofas... the women went out to tell the soldiers that we had run out of bullets and were leaving. The women alerted the fighters as the soldiers reached the booby-trapped area."

Perhaps what is most shocking, though, is that the British press had closed their ears to the Israelis themselves -- a society with one of the most vigorous and self-critical democracies in the world. In the words of Kenneth Preiss, a professor at Ben Gurion University: "Please inform the reporters trying to figure out if the Israeli army is trying to 'hide a massacre' of Palestinians, that Israel's citizen army includes journalists, members of parliament, professors, doctors, human rights activists, members of every political party, and every other kind of person, all within sight and cell phone distance of home and editorial offices. Were the slightest infringements to have taken place, there would be demonstrations outside the prime minister's office in no time."

George Orwell once remarked to a Communist fellow-traveler with whom he was having a dispute: "You must be an intellectual. Only an intellectual could say something so stupid." This observation has relevance in regard to the Middle East, too.

So far only the nonintellectual tabloids have grasped the essential difference between right and wrong, the difference between a deliberate intent to kill civilians, such as that ordered by Chairman Arafat over the past four decades, and the unintentional deaths of civilians in the course of legitimate battle.

On both sides of the Atlantic, the mass-market papers have corrected the lies of their supposedly superior broadsheets. On April 17, the New York Post carried an editorial entitled "The massacre that wasn't." In London, the most popular British daily paper, the Sun, published a lengthy editorial (April 15) pointing out that: "Israelis are scared to death. They have never truly trusted Britain -- and with some of the people we employ in the Foreign Office why the hell should they?" Countries throughout Europe are still "in denial about murdering their entire Jewish population," the Sun added, and it was time to dispel the conspiracy theory that Jews "run the world."

The headline of the Sun's editorial was "The Jewish faith is not an evil religion." One might think such a headline was unnecessary in twenty-first century Britain, but apparently it is not.

One would hope that some honest reflection about their reporting by those European and American journalists who are genuinely motivated by a desire to help Palestinians (as opposed to those whose primary motive is demonizing Jews), will enable them to realize that propagating the falsehoods of Arafat's propagandists does nothing to further the legitimate aspirations of ordinary Palestinians, any more than parroting the lies of Stalin helped ordinary Russians.

May 18, 2002

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Visitor Comments: 5

(5) Anonymous, May 24, 2002 12:00 AM

Mr. Arafat knows that he has the world's stage when he has the media. I have watched many interviews on various networks and media with the man and he always ends in a tirade about the Israeli occupation of Palestine and the injustice Israel heaps upon the Palestinian people. But no mention is made of the Suicide (or should I say Genocide) Bombers who strap explosives to themselves and then proceed to decimate whole Israeli neighborhoods. Is this not "unjust?" Is this not "oppression?" Is this not "terrorism?" It is my personal opinion that the media should stop covering this supposed "war" between Palestine and Israel. Then Mr. Arafat would have no place to spew his venom and would have to sit down and seriously consider making peace with Israel. But then, how would the news channels and papers and tabloids survive?????

(4) E. Gordon, May 23, 2002 12:00 AM

Staining the Union Jack

I seem to recall a JPost editorial or column that stated Israelis should wear the hatred and derision of the world as a badge of honor. After all look who is doing the criticizing? The results of Tom Gross' research clearly bear this out. Rather than "staining the Star of David with blood" it is the Union Jack that is stained - with the muddy boot prints of its very own news media, who dishonored themselves and the entire medium. Have they at least owned up to their mistakes? I don't see much evidence of that.
Meanwhile in the USA, the problem is not so much of taking rabid anti-Semitic rumor as fact, so much as of selectively ignoring or misrepresenting facts. My impression is that the literate (non-leftist) US citizens are so suspicious of the media that they (New York Times, Wash. Post. LA Times, Time Mag. CBS, ABC, CNN and on and on) have succeeding in convincing very few to side with the Palestinians. A substantial number want no truck with either side, but see Arafat as a lying terrorist, not a peace partner. A near majority feel Israel is justified in its defense against terrorism.

(3) mark norton, May 21, 2002 12:00 AM

tell the world

woderful article- certainly got me fired up, however I have one question to ask. Why is it that I never see these facts and stories covered on any of the major broadcast networks? I watch CNN, BBC, Sky,NBC,as well as all the networks here in South Africa, and I do not see what you are saying. It seems to me that the Israeli PR machine is not making any headway in the world media arena, so is this not an opportunity to be brought out a lot stronger?

(2) Neil Colliver, May 20, 2002 12:00 AM

Ashamed of UK media

I am so ashamed of the UK media. Many of us do our best to refute these lies and inaqccurate reporting, but I am afraid that Blair is now turning our conutry into a cross between communism and Nazism.
Your report is sadly accurate. It makes me wonder how bad our whole country is if such blatent propeganda abound unchecks. How many other lies are we in the UK told.

(1) Anonymous, May 19, 2002 12:00 AM

British reporting

As a British person and as someone who does not know at first hand what is going on in Israel, nevertheless I would agree that there does seem to be a generally pro-Palestinian bias in the reporting of events in the Middle East propagated certainly by much of the media in my country. But it is not always quite so one-sided as you make out. I am a regular reader of The Times, definitely NOT a tabloid newspaper, and certainly the readers' letters printed there do seem to give a good balance between pro-Israeli and pro-Palestinian views.

However, it is inevitable that people's views are coloured by what they read and see in the news media. And the media themselves want to catch people's attention with snappy titles and crisis situations. Atrocities sell newspapers.

During the troubles in northern Ireland, as someone who had no knowledge of that part of the world either, one got the impression from the media that it was bombs and warfare all the time there and everyone was living under a state of siege. It so happened I briefly visited Belfast while the troubles were still happening, and apart from greater security than on the British mainland, people were simply getting on with their lives. In fact I felt much safer as a woman on my own walking about the city on my first evening there than I would have done in any city on the mainland. All I could keep saying the following day to a friend I was visiting was, to my great surprise, "It's so normal!". She must have got utterly bored with the number of times I said that and doubtless had had the same reaction from others before me. One either had to be in the wrong bit of west Belfast or to be extremely unlucky to encounter any real problems.

Such is the power of the media to shape our perceptions.

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text:
Volume s1-11, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 0002-9637
  • E-ISSN: 1476-1645

The following method for feeding blood meals to male and female mosquitoes has proved to be useful and simple.

Adult mosquitoes are put into glass cylinders 3 inches in diameter and 3 inches high. (These are sold as “oil cup cylinders.”) Over each end of the cylinder cloth netting is fastened with adhesive tape. This screen should have a mesh of sixteen holes to the inch and should be of good quality, not too soft.

The cylinder containing the mosquitoes is placed in a glass Petri dish and a small quantity of mango juice is smeared on the top screen. Just enough juice is used to attract the mosquitoes but not enough for them to suck up any of it. A glass Petri dish is placed over the top of the cylinder and remains there while the blood meal is being prepared. Our experience has been that the mosquitoes become very much interested in obtaining some of the fruit juice and congregate at the top screen trying unsuccessfully to feed.

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Volume 3, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 0002-9637
  • E-ISSN: 1476-1645

Summary and Conclusions

A new amebicidal drug, arsthinol, has been given to 167 patients with mild or asymptomatic amebiasis, and apparent definitive elimination of from the stools occurred in 88 per cent of the patients treated for 5 days with daily doses ranging from 3 to 22 mg./kg. Helminths are not affected by treatment with arsthinol but associated infections with and were eliminated from a significant per cent of patients harboring these protozoa.

Toxic manifestations related to the skin, gastro-intestinal tract or central nervous system were noted in 12 per cent of the patients treated with arsthinol, but 80 per cent of the reactions occurred with doses above 10 mg./kg. per day and half with doses of more than 15 mg./kg. per day.

Balarsen is a useful amebicidal agent for the treatment of mild or asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis and for certain other intestinal protozoa in safe dosages, but further experience is needed to ascertain whether the good results herein reported will be applicable to more severe or acute amebic dysentery.

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text: Namory Keita was born in Sangbarala, Guinea, and has been the lead djembefola for the village since 2006.  He grew up drumming with his family and friends, including Nansady Keita and Solo Keita, and has studied and worked with his uncle, djembe-master Famoudou Konate as well.  Namory has recorded CDs with Billy Konate and Diarra Konate, and has helped documentary film-makers to understand the life and music of Sangbarala and the Hamana region of Guinea. Namory is known for his love of his village, his respect for traditional music, and his infectious joy of life.  The fact that he’s a fabulous djembefola, generous teacher, and gracious host only adds to his charms. Namory Start working with The Akwaaba Ensemble in 2012.


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Alabama reaches agreement with Department of Justice on Julia Tutwiler reforms

tutwiler dorm julie bennett sept 2013.JPG
Inmates sit in a dorm in Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women in 2013. (Julie Bennett/ ( )

The Alabama Department of Corrections has reached an agreement with the Department of Justice to protect inmates at Julia Tutwiler Prison from sexual abuse.

DOJ announced last year it found conditions at the prison in Elmore County unconstitutional because of what it said was a failure to protect inmates from abuse and harassment by male officers.

Today, DOJ filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Montgomery alleging the the state "subjected prisoners at Tutwiler to a pattern and practice of confinement" that violates the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.

The state and DOJ then filed a joint motion asking the court to dismiss the lawsuit and to retain jurisdiction to enforce the terms in the agreement.

"Prisoners are entitled to be safe from sexual predation by staff, and to live in an environment free from sexual assault, sexual harassment and the constant fear of these abuses," the head of the Civil Rights Division, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Vanita Gupta, said in a news release."

Gupta said the agreement uses specific "principles designed to address and eliminate the culture of abuse that Tutwiler's women prisoners have suffered from and endured for years."

An independent monitor with full access to Tutwiler, its staff and records will evaluate progress and compliance and report to the court every six months.

Gov. Robert Bentley issued a statement about the agreement.

"The issues at Tutwiler are not new, but our focus over the last three years has been to address them, ensuring the facility is a safe place for both inmates and staff," Bentley said today in a news release. "I am proud of the reforms we have made at Tutwiler, and I know we have more to do."

DOJ praised the state for improvements already made and its cooperation to help avoid the need for a protracted lawsuit.

"We very much appreciate the state's cooperation and willingness to work to bring about meaningful and sustainable change on these important issues," U.S. Attorney George L. Beck Jr. of the Middle District of Alabama, said in the DOJ news release.

According to DOJ, the agreement will require Tutwiler to protect inmates who report abuse from the threat of retaliation and require staff training on prevention, detection and response to sexual abuse.

DOJ said the agreement will require Tutwiler to take appropriate disciplinary action against employees and to let inmates know how allegations are resolved.

Alabama prisons

 DOJ's Tutwiler lawsuit and joint settlement agreement.pdf

The agreement says, among many other provisions:

  • DOC and Tutwiler will comply with the federal Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) and written policies that mandate zero tolerance toward all forms of sexual abuse and sexual harassment.
  • Tutwiler will have a full-time PREA compliance manager.
  • DOC and Tutwiler will adopt policies to manage lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender inmates in a nondiscriminatory and respectful environment.
  • Tutwiler will continue use of its new "state of the art" camera system and will review its use and camera placement annually.
  • DOC and Tutwiler will develop a staffing plan based on gender-responsive principles and PREA requirements and, within nine months, submit the plan to the monitor and DOJ for review and comment. Regular staffing reports and updates to the monitor and DOJ will be required.


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Julio Jones agrees to contract extension with Atlanta Falcons

julio jones.jpg
Atlanta Falcons wide receiver Julio Jones has agreed to a five-year extension of his contract with the NFL team. (AP Photo)
Mark Inabinett | minabinett@al.com By Mark Inabinett | minabinett@al.com AL.com
Email the author | Follow on Twitter
on August 29, 2015 at 5:33 PM, updated August 29, 2015 at 6:10 PM

The Atlanta Falcons and wide receiver Julio Jones have agreed on a five-year contract extension, the NFL team announced on Saturday. The new deal is worth a reported $71.25 million.

The former Foley High School and Alabama Crimson Tide star led the NFC with 104 receptions and 1,593 receiving yards last season, when he earned the second Pro Bowl selection of his four-year NFL career.

"We could not be more thrilled to make Julio a Falcon for life," Falcons owner Arthur Blank said. "Julio has established himself as one of the top wide receivers in the NFL during his career and has already set the franchise record for receiving yards in a season. I am extremely proud of what he has accomplished, and he has just begun to scratch the surface in terms of his potential."

Blank hinted at the new deal on Monday during a press conference announcing the naming rights for the Falcons' new stadium, saying Jones was "about ready to sign one of the major contracts in the NFL with us."

Jones was scheduled to play for $10,176,000 for the 2015 season - the average of the 10 highest wide receiver salaries in 2014 -- after Atlanta picked up its fifth-year option on his four-year rookie contract, signed when the Falcons selected him with the sixth choice in the 2011 NFL Draft.

Jones became the fourth wide receiver to sign a five-year contract extension this offseason, and his deal is the biggest. Dez Bryant of the Dallas Cowboys and Demaryius Thomas of the Denver Broncos signed $70 million contracts, and T.Y. Hilton got a $65 million deal from the Indianapolis Colts. Bryant's contract included $45 million in guaranteed money, Thomas had $43.5 million in guaranteed money and Hilton got $28 million in guaranteed money.

Jones' contract includes a guarantee of $47 million, according to NFL.com.

Calvin Johnson of the Detroit Lions has the biggest wide receiver contract in the NFL. Signed in 2012, Johnson's contract is for $113,450,000 over seven years. It's also the most lucrative wide receiver contract in terms of annual value at $16,207,143 and in guaranteed money at $48,750,000.

During his career, Jones has caught 278 passes for 4,330 yards and 26 touchdowns. He's also missed 15 games because of injuries in his four NFL seasons.

Jones' career average of 88.4 receiving yards per game is the highest in NFL history.


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Alden Allen Jr. Scams Scamming the world one toothless con at a time.

All Quiet on the Western Front

images So I haven't heard anything from or about Alden in a while now. Hopefully he is either in jail or no longer with us. If anyone knows anything interesting please shoot me over an email. I am interested to hear what he has been up to lately. I haven't had any time to do any research on my own but if I hear something interesting I will pass it along to everyone.

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My name is Anastasia
My name is Anastasia

One of the great mysteries of history is the fate of Anastasia, the last of four daughters born to the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II and his wife, Alexandra. The great tragedy of her younger brother, Aleksey, who suffered from hemophilia overshadowed the life of Anastasia's family, while the dark clouds of Revolution grew ever ominous on the horizon. Who was Anastasia and how did she live, what were the things she loved? What is the truth about the woman who claimed to be Anastasia years after she disappeared?

Start your journey to discover the real Anastasia by learning about her parents.

Bob Atchison
Austin, TX

My name is Anastasia

Mystery of the Romanov Treasures

Here's an article you will want to read if you are interested in Romanov or Russian History

What are Pinterest Rich Pins?

Learn how to implement Pinterest Rich Pins on your website.

Copyright © Bob Atchison. Website by Pallasart - Austin Web Design


text:
My name is Anastasia
My name is Anastasia

One of the great mysteries of history is the fate of Anastasia, the last of four daughters born to the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II and his wife, Alexandra. The great tragedy of her younger brother, Aleksey, who suffered from hemophilia overshadowed the life of Anastasia's family, while the dark clouds of Revolution grew ever ominous on the horizon. Who was Anastasia and how did she live, what were the things she loved? What is the truth about the woman who claimed to be Anastasia years after she disappeared?

Start your journey to discover the real Anastasia by learning about her parents.

Bob Atchison
Austin, TX

My name is Anastasia

2014 Best Website Award from the Texas Association of Builders

A website we developed won this prestigious award.

Top 10 Reasons NOT to Move To Austin

Learn about the hidden dangers of moving to Austin.

Copyright © Bob Atchison. Website by Pallasart - Austin Web Design


text:
My name is Anastasia
My name is Anastasia

One of the great mysteries of history is the fate of Anastasia, the last of four daughters born to the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II and his wife, Alexandra. The great tragedy of her younger brother, Aleksey, who suffered from hemophilia overshadowed the life of Anastasia's family, while the dark clouds of Revolution grew ever ominous on the horizon. Who was Anastasia and how did she live, what were the things she loved? What is the truth about the woman who claimed to be Anastasia years after she disappeared?

Start your journey to discover the real Anastasia by learning about her parents.

Bob Atchison
Austin, TX

My name is Anastasia

Bob Atchison's Guide to Bronze Patinas

Find out about what patinas are, how they are applied,  popular colors and finishes.

Mystery of the Romanov Treasures

Here's an article you will want to read if you are interested in Romanov or Russian History

Copyright © Bob Atchison. Website by Pallasart - Austin Web Design


text:
My name is Anastasia
My name is Anastasia

One of the great mysteries of history is the fate of Anastasia, the last of four daughters born to the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II and his wife, Alexandra. The great tragedy of her younger brother, Aleksey, who suffered from hemophilia overshadowed the life of Anastasia's family, while the dark clouds of Revolution grew ever ominous on the horizon. Who was Anastasia and how did she live, what were the things she loved? What is the truth about the woman who claimed to be Anastasia years after she disappeared?

Start your journey to discover the real Anastasia by learning about her parents.

Bob Atchison
Austin, TX

My name is Anastasia

Home Builder 2015 Websites - Competive Pricing

Home Builders and Developers have been building unique and beautiful websites with Pallasart since 1995

Mystery of the Romanov Treasures

Here's an article you will want to read if you are interested in Romanov or Russian History

Copyright © Bob Atchison. Website by Pallasart - Austin Web Design


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News Archive
ARTIST TALK at Rhodes College Oct 26!

Alexandra Carter, featured in "In Conversation: Celebrating 100 Years of Women at Rhodes College", presents her work, which has taken her from Rhodes College to Goldsmith's College in London to residencies around to world, and finally to Los Angeles, where she currently lives.

Join us at 6pm on Thursday, October 26 in Blount Auditorium at Rhodes College

Exhibition in Memphis Opening October 27

Join us as we celebrate the opening of "In Conversation: Celebrating 100 Years of Women at Rhodes College."

In 1917, Rhodes College began admitting women on an equal basis with men. This exhibition celebrates the contributions of women faculty and alumnae from the Department of Art and Art History by placing them in conversation across generations around persistent themes in the study and creation of art.

Mary Sims and Alexandra Carter examine the roll of the figure in representation, both realistic and fantastical. Esther Ruiz, Daisy Craddock, and Betty Gilow employ color and abstraction to striking visual effect. Erin Harmon and Valerie Berlin find compelling pattern in landscape and domestic spaces. We're pleased to round out the exhibition with the work of Floy Hanson and Jessie Clough, two forward-thinking women whose keen eyes and passion for art laid the groundwork for Clough-Hanson Gallery.

Located in Clough Hall on the campus of Rhodes College, the gallery is open Tuesday - Saturday, 11 am - 5 pm. Admission is always free. For more information contact Joel Parsons,

Relocation to Los Angeles

Alexandra is pleased to announce her relocation to sunny Los Angeles, California! She is settling into her studio in the Palms/Culver City area of LA. Please get in touch if interested in paying the studio a visit.

Exhibition in Vienna!

The Austrian Federal Chancellery and KulturKontakt Austria extend a cordial invitation to an exhibition of works by Artists in Residence. Alexandra Carter (USA), Vitya Glushchenko (Ukraine), Đejmi Hadrović (Slovenia), Taras Kamennoy (Ukraine), Bojana S. Knežević (Serbia), Lucía Simón Medina (Spain) and Svetlana Mircheva (Bulgaria)are presenting their works at the exhibition space of the Austrian Federal Chancellery on Concordiaplatz.

The Federal Chancellery, in cooperation with KKA, offers scholarships for residencies in Vienna. The scholarships are funded by the Federal Chancellery within the framework of the Artists in Residence programme and are organised and implemented by KKA, which also provides support and advice to the scholarship winners.

Vernissage: 13 March 2017, 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Exhibition duration: 14 – 20 March 2017
Exhibition space of the Austrian Federal Chancellery:
Concordiaplatz 2, 1010 Vienna
mon - fri from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Artist-in-Residence in Vienna, Austria

Alexandra Carter is now part of the Artist-in-Residency program held by the Federal Chancellery of Austria and KulturKontakt Austria until March 31st, 2017.  She will be investigating the influence of performance in her work and conducting specific research related to the Viennese Actionists.
See the artist's profile on the KulturKontakt website
Follow KulturKontakt's Facebook page
Follow the artist on instagram @alexandraallencarter

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MathType 6.9 NEW VERSION

Powerful editing tool for creating technical documents

MathType is a powerful interactive equation editor for Windows and Macintosh that lets you create mathematical notation for word processing, web pages, desktop publishing, presentations, and for TeX, LaTeX, and MathML documents. MathType works with 100s of applications and websites, allowing you to put Equations Everywhere and Anywhere™.

While many MathType users create equations for Microsoft Word documents and PowerPoint presentations, MathType also works with many, many other applications and websites:

  • Work with TeX and LaTeX editors and documents.
  • Use equations to label Excel spreadsheets.
  • Copy equations from Mathematica or Maple into your research.
  • Add equations to Quark and InDesign documents.
  • Copy equations from websites like Wikipedia, PlanetMath, etc. for use in your own work. You can author new equations for those websites as well.

Contact us for a demo at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or call +44 (0) 203 695 7810

New features in MathType 6.9

Here are some of the major new features in MathType 6.9. To learn more about them, visit our Full Feature List.

  • Now supports Microsoft Office 2013 and Office 365:
    • Office 2013 and Office 365: MathType 6.9 is fully compatible with Office 2013 and Office 365 installed on Windows 7 and 8 computers.
    • Office 2010, 2007, 2003, and XP: MathType 6.9 is fully compatible.
    • Office Web Apps, Office Mobile, and Office RT: MathType equations cannot be edited in these Office versions but equations created in other versions of Office will display and print.
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  • Compatibility with 700+ applications and websites: Connexions, Desire2Learn, Stack Exchange, and 73+ other applications and websites join Microsoft Office, Apple iWork, Adobe InDesign, and hundreds of others that work with MathType! Check out Works With... to see if your applications are compatible.
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MathType 6.9 equations are compatible with MathType 6.x and 5.x equations so you can continue to work with other MathType users even if they haven't upgraded yet. When you upgrade to MathType 6.9 any changes you've made in your installed version of MathType, including keyboard shortcuts, toolbars, preferences, etc. will be retained.

Detailed information about MathType

MathType product page

System requirements

MathType runs on both Mac and Windows.

  • MathType for Windows, runs on Microsoft Windows 8, 7, Vista, XP and 2000
  • MathType for Mac: Mac OS X 10.3.9 or newer.
  • Hard dirive: 10 MB (Windows) 20 MB (Mac)
  • CD-ROM or access to internet

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When contacting our support department please describe your problem as detailed as possible. Remember to always inform about the productversion and what operating system you are using (platform and version).

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Anti aging guide

Valuing Lifelines To Successful Aging

How to age successfully and to enjoy in later life

With aging come inevitable vulnerabilities and specific deterioration of certain systems and functions. Aging also brings with it valuable assets as a result of relationships, experiences, and an appreciation of one’s inherent capabilities. These strengths are lifelines: the positive forces that can help people to age successfully, to cope better, and to enjoy themselves despite the deterioration aspects of later life.

Brief or enduring relationships of the past and those that begin in or continue into late life are crucial supports, challenging comradeship and great loves that are part, in memories or in reality, of getting older. For most people, relationships with significant others (including pets) of the past and present enrich life in ways that might not be fully appreciated, even by those who have experienced them. Some of these relationships can start only in younger days; others can be developed and nurtured later in ways that were not possible before. They are a valuable part of our individual histories, and they become a resource, both in memory and in reality, on which to draw in late life.

The older person has had experiences that are too numerous to count. Most are mundane and trivial, but some are memorable and a few are unforgettable, even into very late life. They are often linked to special relationships. They form a second aspect of lifelines and represent a part of the self that can be called upon throughout life, and especially in the later years. Everyone cleaned the outside of their houses and dressed up in best clothes for the special occasion. Religious experiences and traditions, for those who have them, and an inner sense of spirituality provide a feeling of a great fellowship and support in difficult times. Experiences of various kinds have a sustaining value and are a reminder of having coped with hard times and enjoyed the good ones. We can continue to do so if we properly value the experiences of our lifetime and attempt to use them to influence the present and future.

In addition to personal life experiences, people are enriched by the world and local events through which they live. They become part of the individual experience and also a generally shared history. Our lives through which we struggled, coped, or celebrated. These events became parts of the people who experienced the contemporary pain and/or drama of those events and offer perspectives of self and others quite different from those who read about them in books or even study them intensely.

Long-standing individual personality characteristics change very little with normal aging. * Old people are not bitter any more than young people are irresponsible. People seem to age with many of the lifelong personality characteristics they possessed earlier, although times of great stress might temporarily affect their expression. Inherent capabilities and personality qualities are the most often forgotten or denied aspects of the lifelines of older people, and yet they are the most durable. They are part of the core of our being and are not subject to the diminished memory of which so many complain. They are assets to be highly valued because they can be called up repeatedly while facing the variable circumstances of aging.

Among the most crucial personality characteristics at any age, but in the later years, in particular, is the capacity for hope and optimism. It greatly colors one’s view of life and is a powerful asset in surviving stresses, traumas, and tragedies of life, from adolescence through later life. Hope implies believing that one has the will and the means to accomplish tasks and goals, despite obstacles. People who are pessimistic and have little hope are more vulnerable to being overwhelmed by even the relatively minor and inevitable stresses of daily life, from medical illness to leaky roofs and broken-down cars. In the later years, the small stresses can add up, until they seem exaggerated, unmanageable, or even devastating. Sometimes people can be reminded of their inherent capacity for hope and optimism, which had been evident earlier in their lives. For those in whom there is little evidence of past hopefulness, counseling can be helpful to assess current stresses more realistically and to see future situations with a more optimistic, or at least less pessimistic, view. Having a more hopeful outlook generally serves one not only in the immediate situation but as a model for later and possibly more significant stresses.

Too often older adults who are faced with multiple losses, medical illness, disability, and everyday stresses that everyone encounters fail to focus on and use these lifelines-the vast personal assets of relationships, experiences, and inherent capabilities they have established over the years. In contrast to the deterioration of aging, the lifelines are the other side of the ledger: the positive forces that can and must be drawn on in the aging process. They are proof of strengths older adults have possessed and probably still do; they are evidence of the ability to cope and enjoy and must not be forgotten or denied; they are resources and supports, in fact and in spirit, to muster and maintain.

Posted by Carol Hudgens - June 8, 2012 at 4:03 pm