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Top 10 Reasons to Hate Princess Anna

I am an Anna hater and she is always bring me annoyance.

The Top Ten

1 She is annoying

Yeah, I admit I find Anna a bother, but I also found her older sister is annoying too. Anna keeps pushing people to do stuff her way, she doesn't really think of the consequences of how she is bothering people from other countries. I blame the bad writing from Chris Buck, Jennifer Lee, and so on. - EveLeech

Anna is annoying to Elsa. That is why Elsa froze her heart.

Anna is lucky. Because if she would have been annoying Sub-Zero. There would have been dire consequences...

What do you think would happen to Anna if she annoyed Sub-Zero?

Who would want any and any other siblings or even cousins, especially little siblings or even little cousins who unfortunately just had to be annoying? Nobody and nobody else does either.

I can't stand her as Elsa's sister at all.

V 13 Comments
2 She has no good sense of humour

Um Anna actually made me laugh, Elsa on the other hand made me angered. - Ihateelsa

She has a good sense of humour

Yeah you tell them. You know. Anna haters who really think Princess Anna has no good sense of humor. Anna does have a good sense of humor.

5. Her enthusiasm can get exhausting.

Anna’s level of enthusiasm is the kind that makes you feel overwhelmed and exhausted from just watching her. Sometimes, her hyper behavior is just too much.

V 2 Comments
3 She tattle-tales too much

Defense of Anna of Arendelle

I hate it when people undermine Anna. Just because Elsa had more anxiety and visible stress, we think she’s the complex character and Anna is just the stupid lead that didn’t even deserve to be the lead. But No. Anna also has many layers. She’s not only stupid. She’s not only dorky. She’s not only anything that you undermine her to be. She’s a complex character.

She is Lonely not Boring: Anna is also alone. Do you know how that is to be alone and not know why? Do you know how it feels to be shut out for most of your life not even knowing why. Why do you see more of Anna, because you see how she’s dealing with this. We understand that Elsa’s powers are based on how she feels, but do you even see how Anna deals with it? She’s trying her best to ignore it, she tried to make herself busy, do anything to forget about how shut out she feels. And that’s as painful as what Elsa is feeling.

She is Clumsy not Immature: Anna ...more

So, that happened... I can't stop watching Frozen recently. God, it's so good.  But I made this in about an hour. It's kinda half-arsed (again). I found this a bit difficult because of the stupid knife I used and because I haven't made one of these in ages. I went for the realistic-waistline-Elsa. Maybe one day I'll add some snow flakes.

I'd also like to take this opportunity to say that I seriously love Elsa. I could go into detail, but it's something along the lines of her being the best Disney character ever (I don't even like Disney except for Frozen, Aladdin and Mulan). I feel so bad for Elsa. She has this 'affliction' she can't control and society hates her for it and she just wants to keep her people and her sister safe but then (of course) Anna has to go and ruin it all and then everyone blames it on Elsa when she couldn't even control it and it wasn't her fault that things got out of hand. Poor Elsa. She just tries to be a responsible big sister and look what she ...more

Man, those creators of Frozen were so unfair to make Elsa suffer putting up with that brat. Elsa should've been portrayed and remain a one and only single child for Pete's sake. Nobody nor nobody else dares to ruin anything nor anything else for Elsa.

Ugh. I could never ever even easily forgive her at all, could I?

V 12 Comments
4 Her hair becomes white

Her hair becomes white because Anna was hit by Elsa's ice powers.

Neither Anna nor Elsa are to blame for the accidents. Elsa had to learn to control her powers.

That was an accident

And then that stupid Jennifer Lee just had to tear Anna and Elsa the best royal sister friends forever apart. It's just not even fair.

That not her fault! Idiots! - Imyourstalker

Accidents happen doesn't mean Anna and Elsa are to blame for what happened in Anna and Elsa's childhood past.

Red and White do not go well.
It should have been Blue.

5 She has a fake boyfriend hans

Anna only needed anybody to talk to. That's all She and her big sister Elsa were locked up in their castle for years. After Hans asked Anna "Will you marry me? " Anna said "Yes! "

Typical Disney Princess.

(And uglier, at least the other Disney Princesses don't look so ugly. )

What do you expect?

Anna is not easily patient enough if you ask me.

Man, I can't stand her existence at all.

V 2 Comments
6 She asks Elsa if she wants to build a snowman twice and she never shuts up

2. Childish/Immature. Grow up Anna. You are a 18 year old, not an 8 year old. I know you didn't have much attention from your sister, but that should not stop you from making new friends.

She needs to calm down. Seriously, we get that you've been cooped up in your castle for years, but can you relax?

Anna can have other friends besides Elsa. Am I right?

7 Reasons Why Anna From Frozen Is Actually The Worst

Elsa, Olaf and Marshmallow are one of the reasons why Frozen's one of my favorite Disney films ever. It actually holds a special place in my heart because I’ve always had an irrational obsession with winter, and so even to this day, I still find myself singing the words to “Let It Go” off-key and I shamelessly watch it with my nephew whenever I get the chance. However, no matter how many times I watch this movie so far, there is always one particular character that I can't/couldn't stand, and that’s Anna. Anna was a wasted potential character, plain and simple.

This dorky character isn’t so great. Not all this nor all that great But you know what?, I just find her incredibly annoying. Whenever I watch Frozen I shudder to think about what Anna would be like in real life. I mean, basically, she’d be a walking chatterbox with extremely childish tendencies, and I don't have the patience to deal with it at all. ...more

V 1 Comment
7 She dislikes Justin Bieber

I don't think Anna knows who Justin Bieber is. - RockFashionista

How can she hate him when he exists in reality and she doesn't?! That makes no sense. I mean, they don't even know each other.

This made all the Beliebers really mad, so they all hate her.

A lot of people do, so... Wait, do you like Justin Bieber?

V 4 Comments
8 She has ugly hair

Anna's hair is beautiful too just like Elsa's hair, not ugly. How is Anna's hair ugly? What makes you think Anna's hair is ugly? You didn't have to insult Anna's hair, did you? Anna's hair is not even ugly. Quit insulting Anna's hair like that. You're downright mean to Anna, aren't you?

Anna's hair is pretty and beautiful like Elsa's, not ugly. How is Anna's hair ugly and what makes you think Anna's hair is ugly? Do you have to insult Anna's hair like that? You're so downright mean to Anna, aren't you?

The true symbol of Norwegian hair is Plaits as I am a Norwegian myself (Plaits are so good that Russia and Poland decided to copy the Norway). What makes you think that Anna's hair is so bad or ugly?

You're just mad cause you probably have ugly hair - princessbabypeach

Gingers have no souls.

V 2 Comments
9 She has horrible outfits

Anna's outfits are not even horrible. How are Anna's outfits are horrible? What makes you think Anna's outfits are horrible? How dare you insult Anna's outfits. So what if Anna's outfits are horrible? Don't you dare insult Princess Anna's outfits. Anna's outfits are just as pretty as Elsa's outfits. How would you like it if anybody insult your outfits?

They were pretty, but its ridiculously impractical to wear a dress in a snowstorm. I would've died from the cold if I wore what she did! - keycha1n

Hans asked if Anna will marry him and Anna said "Yes". So Anna and Hans asked Queen Elsa for her blessing their marriage but Queen Elsa said "You can't marry a man you just met." Anna then said "If it's true love, you can." After Anna and Elsa had a sisterly drama tension at the coronation party, Elsa lost control and her powers are already revealed which is why one of her gloves are pulled off

She only wore about 3 outfits but put on THOSE PANTS ANNA! Stop showing off - JaysTop10List

Too bad Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee didn't include pants for Anna nor Elsa themselves. Boo Hoo, you Anna and Elsa hating whiners and complainers. (laughing hysterically)

Anna's dress is the colour of SNOT. How is that NOT horrible?

V 1 Comment
10 She's loud

I wish she lost her voice forever but I also wish I had a magical zipper to take her mouth off of/away from her too. That way. I never ever even have to hear nor listen to her loud, annoying voice anymore.

Yeah, I agree with you! She's a big fat loud motormouth who never ever even shuts her yap at all anyway. She's way too loud.

Painfully loud.

She always gives me a headache.

V 4 Comments

The Contenders

11 Anna has a terrible personality

Anna isn't any better of a sister. Anna is:

1. Annoying. I would freeze her and keep her as an ice sculpture myself if I had Ice Powers.

2. Childish/Immature. Grow up Anna. You are a 18 year old, not an 8 year old. I know you didn't have much attention from your sister, but that should not stop you from making new friends.

3. Disgusting. No wonder why Elsa ran away.

4. Rude.

5. Stupid.

Proof I'm really excited to show it to people. I became a part of the kind of movie I wanted to see as a kid, she said. I always loved Disney animation, but there was something about the females that was unattainable to me. Their posture was too good and they were too well spoken, and I feel like I really made this girl much more relatable and weirder and scrappier and more excitable and awkward. I'm really proud of that.
Kristen Bell on her approach to the character of Anna

2. Childish/Immature. Grow up Anna. You are a 18 year old, not an 8 year old. I know you didn't have much attention from your sister, but that should not stop you from making new friends.

True. Elsa and Anna are like Luna and Celestia: Celestia/Anna is overrated and sucks, and Luna/Elsa is underrated and AWESOME!

V 24 Comments
12 She's stubborn

It never ever even matters if that brat doesn't take kindly to being told she can't do things. That doesn't mean she has to act like a brat about it. Man, she never ever even should've been created nor existed back then before in the first place.

She needs to listen to the others and do just what she's told by respecting the authorities more without being stubborn, without losing her temper with them, without taking back to them and without disrespecting them.

Her stubbornness is never ever even all this nor all that easily likable nor entertaining at all, is it?

No kidding.

V 5 Comments
13 She always talks

She needs a lot more bunch of self control.

She needs to shut up for a while.

Man, she's such a motormouth.

1. She talks so too much. There are some scenes in the movie where she just won’t stop talking. It’s kind of hard to keep up sometimes, and once she gets started she goes on and on (and on). I get that this is just a part of her personality (and perhaps the fact that she barely got to talk to her sister, Elsa during her childhood played a part in this), but jeez, it really wouldn’t hurt to be quiet once in a while.

V 4 Comments
14 She breaks everything

Oh, how does Anna break everything? Whatever makes you think Anna breaks everything? Could anybody tell me how does Anna break everything and what makes you think Anna breaks everything? Like what things did Anna break? I need and want answers now.

Tell me how does Anna break everything and also tell me what makes you think Anna breaks everything. Could anybody answer me now? Like what things did Princess Anna break? Answer me now.

Anna overreacts like a maniac who can never ever even control herself at all.

Anna is a idiot as she makes choices that does more harm that fixing thing.

Poor Elsa.

V 3 Comments
15 She's stupid

Well, this girl is either stupid or fairytale crazy and obsessed.

Me: You're either stupid or fairytale obsessed

Anna: I am not, it's called True Love!

Me: No, it's not

Anna: Yes it is

Me: I can't believe you chose marrying a stranger over listening to someone wise like your sister

Anna: Hey! I thought she was a dirtophobe that didn't love me who chose to be an anti soc

Me: You truly are a blind idiot that's so reckless

Anna: What did you call me?

Me: You didn't even know she loved you and was unhappy with staying away from you, In fact you don't know much of anything probably

Anna: Okay, that's it!

Then we fight until Anna goes to search for Elsa

Man, that brat is obnoxious and insufferable!

She's an imbecile! She's a numpty! She's a bonehead! Dough-head! Lame brain! Fathead!

V 4 Comments
16 She's childish V 4 Comments
17 She's confrontational V 2 Comments
18 She's disgusting

Anna haters: That disgusting slob lets her mouth open by letting her drool out while she's sleeping and before she woke up which it really gross me out, makes me sick, disgusts me and makes me want to vomit, puke and throw up.

Anna haters: All because her bad bed-head and drool coming out of her mouth whenever she sleeps which it really grosses me out and drives me crazy.

Dude, Anna is so gross. They didn't even have toothbrushes back then. Women like Anna are going to be forever alone if they drool all over their partners like that.

Man, she makes me sick and ill.

V 12 Comments
19 She's immature

Childish/Immature. Grow up Anna. You are a 18 year old, not an 8 year old. I know you didn't have much attention from your sister, but that should not stop you from making new friends.

She fully needs a lot of growing up to do. She needs to act more like a fully adult.

She has a whole bunch of rage issues. She needs to control her temper.

V 4 Comments
20 She is whiny

Whining never ever even help, answer and solve anything.

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999 warning after man calls out paramedic to exhausted dog

editorial image

A paramedic rushed to save the life of a seven-year-old male in a life threatening emergency yesterday, only to discover that the ‘patient’ was a dog.

The 999 call was made to the North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust from the ‘friend’ of a male in Levenshulme, Manchester, suffering from heat exhaustion.

Based on the answers given by the caller to the questions from the ambulance service, the incident was given the highest priority and NWAS dispatched a paramedic in a rapid response vehicle to help.

Speaking of the incident, the paramedic said he rushed through busy traffic to be greeted by a man and his dog and was told ‘he wasn’t doing well’.

The paramedic quickly realised ‘he’ was a dog, not a little boy.

The man told the paramedic that he’d called 999 because he didn’t know what else to do and that he knew the ambulance service would arrive quickly.

“It was a complete waste of time,” said the paramedic who passed on the number for the RSPCA and advised the man to call them for help.

Head of Service for Greater Manchester, Steve Hynes said: “The caller deceived the emergency services by claiming he was a friend of a male rather than the owner of a dog and this is not acceptable. We understand that dogs are like part of the family but this incident is a blatant misuse of the 999 number.

“A person with a serious or life-threatening condition could have been waiting longer than necessary for our help because of this call. We only have a limited number of ambulances and our calls were up because of the heat.

“When ambulance staff travel on blue lights and sirens they risk their lives for the benefit other people.

“Please remember that ambulances are for emergencies involving people and that there are other care options available such as visiting a GP or a walk-in centre, calling NHS 111 or, in this case, calling on the emergency response service provided by most vets.”

The incident exemplifies the need for #MakeTheRightCall - NWAS’ public education initiative which aims to show people when it’s appropriate to call 999 and what other options are available.

Of the 1,200 emergency calls received for the Greater Manchester area yesterday by NWAS, 54% did not require treatment at an emergency department.


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Cheers: Inside Hollywood’s Pre-Emmy Parties

Kevin Costner, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Zooey Deschanel, Amy Poehler and the casts of "Modern Family", "Breaking Bad" and "Mad Men" mix-and-match at pre-Emmy fetes

Above, the Class of 2011-12: As many nominees as could fit on the patio at Wolfgang Puck's Spectra on Friday night.

(Check out TheWrap's Complete Emmys 2012 Coverage)

Hugh Bonneville described the Emmy hype surrounding his “Downton Abbey” as being at a “fever pitch, in a good way,” on Saturday afternoon.

A few hours later, in the run up to Sunday night's Primetime Emmys, the “fever” had gone national: "Saturday Night Live's" cold open. Nasim Padrad and Jay Pharoah's opening (the second-straight week for Pharoah) coincided with the west coast arrivals at NBC's party.

Earlier in the day in L.A. in the afternoon's 90-degree heat, only Damian Lewis (“Homeland”) dressed appropriately for BAFTA LA’s TV Tea Party.

One of the top eyeball magnets of the weekend sported a purple “Lord Vader” T-shirt.  “I have an icepack underneath my shirt,”  Bonneville quipped.

(At right, photogenic chemistry with Damian Lewis in formal attire and Julie Bowen at the Academy’s nominee reception on Friday.)

For Your Consideration 2013: Dominic Monaghan’s “Wild Things”

“Unfortunately there’s no English Premiere League stuff nominated, otherwise I’d go for that,” Dominic Monghan tells me at the BAFTA Tea. Even if “Most Lucrative Foreign Sport” was a category, it wouldn’t matter. Despite all those years on “Lost,” Monaghan is not an Emmy voter, only an MPAA voter.

The English actor is going back to his roots, getting into business with BBC America. He’s writing, producing and hosting a show about “animals that most people are scared of,” he says. Perhaps he'll pay the $150 membership dues before next year so he can vote for himself.

“Ms. Tomlin, You Are the Best”

Unlike the Oscars which only have 20 acting nominees, the Emmys have nearly a football team’s worth.

“Oh Ms. Tomlin, you are the best,” Bowen, glass of white wine in her hand, told Lily Tomlin while receiving her nominee certificate at the Performers Nominee Reception on Friday. “I voted for her.”

Tomlin, a new governor serving out the term of the recently deceased Kathryn Joosten, handed out nomination certificates to more than 40 nominees.

(Above, Zooey Deschanel, Jason Ritter, Amy Poehler, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, and Martha Plimpton await official certification as nominees.)

During the handout, Fox-mates Zooey Deschanel of "New Girl" and Cat Deeley of "So You Think You Can Dance" cliqued up on the risers on stage, chatting through Academy CEO Bruce Rosenblum’s roll-call, until they were joined by "Veep" Julia Louis-Dreyfus to form a three-pack.

Backbencher Kevin Costner?

The above group photo may be something of a rarity: The only photo Costner (right, with Tomlin) has taken in decades in which he’s shoved in the back and obscured.

As seen in the top group photo of over-40 acting nominees at the Pacific Design Center on Friday night, it was a crowded podium. “They got everybody,” a guest remarked highlighting the turnout on a competitive night.

Meanwhile, over in Beverly Hills, Canon Drive was the hot corner. While the Women in Film and “Place at the Table” events went head to head inside the Montage hotel, CAA celebrated nominees next door at Bouchon.

(below left, Bryan Cranston and Kate Flannery at Women in Film and Variety party, with a make-your-own-jewelry bar from Saint Vintage.)

Simultaneously at Milk Studios, Ginnifer Goodwin, Ricky Gervais, LL Cool J,  Conan O'Brien, Les Moonves, Ali Larter, Molly Sims, Alec Baldwin and a late-arriving Costner all toasted with WME.

The Joint Wrap Party

While the Performer’s Nominee Reception felt like the “Hard Knocks” version of the Emmys itself – a relaxed locker room visit before the game everyone else gets to see on Sunday – EW’s party a few blocks to the east felt like a champions' league wrap party.

At one point, an Emmy all-star game sprung up, with reps from the shows most likely to take the Emmy podium crammed in to a tiny hideaway together. The lineup included “Downton Abbey” (Michelle Dockery), “Mad Men” (Elisabeth Moss, Matthew Weiner and Rich Sommer), and “Modern Family” (Julie Bowen).

Entire casts – like all the male sharks on ABC’s “Shark Tank” showed up together (right), but since they have a photo shoot on Sunday and already lost to "Undercover Boss" last week, they won't be attending the show.

Another cast-cluster included Paul Scheer and co-lead June Diane Raphael  from “NTSF:SD:SUV,” cocktailing with frequent collaborator Rob Huebel.

The party came to a boil late, after 11:30, with encouragement from DJ Mick Boogie and late-arriving talent. “Now we’re cooking… now we’re cooking,” Silas Weir Mitchell yelled as a glass crashed near actress Kelli Garner and Johnny Galecki.  Galecki’s group included Simon Helberger and Melissa Rauch, the “Big Bang Theory” cast that covers EW’s September 28th issue.

Everyone from Tempestt Bledsoe to Julia Louis-Dreyfus (failing to nail a self photo of herself and husband Brad Hall due to a broken iPhone flash), and Minnie Driver filled the space that would house ICM’s morning brunch only hours later.

Playing Favorites

John Legend, who had his own foray in to TV this year on ABC's "Duets,"  played favorites at the Sunset Tower early on Saturday night (left). Besides pulling out Bruce Springsteen's "Dancing in the Dark" and the Beatles' "Here Comes the Sun" for team Showtime, he made a special plea for "Homeland."

"I don't want to play favorites, but you're my favorite show," Legend said. They also played favorites with the drinks. Behind the bar next to the Heinekens they were pouring a familiar label: Fox TV Co-Chairman Gary Newman's Jorian Hill wine, from his family vineyard with power-lawyer wife, Jeanne Newman. (20th Century Fox TV produces "Homeland.")

Back to the Future

Part I: Michael J. Fox, who is coming back to his “Family Ties” roots at NBC, with Bob Greenblatt, Tracy Pollan, and Jennifer Salke at NBC’s party at Boa on Saturday night.

Part II: Look who else is back: Matthew Perry, with Amy Poehler.

Part III: Porting their relationship from 20th TV (“Glee”) to NBC, Ryan Murphy (center) delivers lip-meat and “The New Normal” to Jennifer Salke.

Meanwhile, ABC's present (Ferguson and Eric Stonestreet) with ABC's past (Dennis Franz) at the Women in Film event.

Party Puns

Thank People Magazine's StyleWatch for the first party pun of the weekend. Editor Susan Kaufman made the careful choice for the monthly's denim event, booking DJ Mom Jeans (Danny Masterson). In the second “booking pun” of the weekend, BAFTA settled on the West Hollywood’s London hotel.

The Shoes Get a 10

“Dancing with the Stars” judges Carrie Anne Inaba and Bruno Tonioli turned the judging on each other at the HBO Luxury Lounge inside the Four Seasons on Saturday.

How did Carrie do on her swag selections? Bruno gave Carrie’s Michael Antonio sky high heels a “slutty sexy” review, before trying to eat her quadricep.

AWOL 'til Sunday

Noticeably absent from pre-Emmy festivities: Jon Hamm, Ryan Seacrest (at Clear Channel’s “I Heart Radio” fest in Vegas), Tina Fey, and Lena Dunham.

Photos by: Cover photos of Costner/Tomlin, Deschanel/Ritter/Poehler/Ferguson/Plimton, and Lewis/Bowen by Picture Group/Frank Micellotta. Sharks by Monique Moss; Bryan Cranston/Kate Flannery by Joe Scarnici/Wireimage; Mayim Bialik by Wireimage; Ferguson/Franz/Stonestreet by Jonaethan Leibson/Wireimage; SNL by Dana Edelson/NBC; Michael J. Fox, Perry/Poehler, The New Normal by NBCU Photography; Toniolo/Anaba by On3 Productions.


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Three levels of Rural and Remote Mobile Coverage using Small Cells

oasisThere are several distinct scenarios for bringing cellular service to rural and remote areas. Locations may be completely isolated or just on the edge of macrocell coverage, using a variety of options for backhaul. We’ve simplified these into three distinct categories discussed below.

Isolation or Integration

It’s often observed that the population distribution isn’t spread evenly throughout a country. Humans have been social animals for millennia and naturally group together into small and large communities. Achieving high population coverage above 90% in a country can therefore be met with as little as 70% or lower geographic coverage. For example, there must be huge swathes of Canadian tundra or Australian outback without any cellular service at all.

Interest to increase geographic coverage seems to be gaining momentum at the moment. Vodafone have committed to population coverage of 98% for LTE across the UK by the end of 2015 (up from about 60% today). This may appear to go further than the joint commitment by all UK mobile operators to achieve 85% geographic coverage by end 2017, but may not necessarily be the case.

Wide area geographic coverage inevitably starts with large and expensive cell towers. Increasing population coverage in these sparsely populated areas can be much more focussed, and achieved with targeted and low cost small cell solutions.

The US Government has validated claims that 98% of the population can receive LTE. Both Verizon and AT&T exceed 300 million, with T-Mobile catching up later this year. You can see from the linked coverage map (Courtesy Opensignal showing LTE from any/all networks) that there’s still a fair few white non-coverage areas on the west half of the country. Coverage outside some rural towns can be limited. Alaskan polar bears wouldn’t get much reception either. Australian coverage is very much oriented around the coastal population centres.

US LTE Coverage Map

Alaska LTE coverage map

Australia All Networks

The Three levels of rural coverage

The Small Cell Forum distinguishes between remote (where there is absolutely no cellular service) and rural (which might be on the edge). We’ve further refined that into three classifications, which we’ve titled Oasis, Pocket and Infill.

Imagine a small outpost such as a truck stop on a remote outback highway or a hamlet in the Scottish Highlands with absolutely no cellular service – miles from the nearest cell tower. Just as you would expect to quench your thirst from a well at a desert oasis, digital communications can be reconnected here.

A relatively low power small cell can be used inside or attached to a building to provide service within a few hundred metres. These are best configured as open access and provide seamless service to those on that network. There’s no issue with interference to the rest of the network because there’s no signal. That also means the choice of frequency band to use is wide open and will operate to its full potential.

For larger villages, two or three small cells might be installed. They would automatically configure themselves with power and frequency, and can enjoy the luxury of using different frequency bands.

Vodafone UK adopt this approach with their Rural Open Sure Signal (ROSS) program, which has equipped 100 remote communities with 3G service. Rather than imposing the solution onto an unwilling public, each local village has to support their installation, apply to join the program and nominate a Village Champion. Community buildings, such as the local village hall or post office, are a popular choice of site.

Wired backhaul is often available in these villages, otherwise microwave or satellite could be effective alternatives.

Higher RF power small cells mounted on a pole can extend the range to 1 or 2 kilometres. This isn’t about capacity – we’re still talking about sparsely populated areas – and again this would be in otherwise outside the coverage of macrocell towers.

The wider coverage brings connectivity throughout a village and the local area.

Sometimes direct connections between these islands of communication are important. Airspan deployed their 4G solution across several neighbouring oil platforms, networked between each other to avoid satellite link delays.

Case studies from areas of Ghana, Malaysia, Indonesia and even the remote depths of the Peruvian jungle are detailed in this Small Cell Forum report.

Although geographic coverage from macrocells continues to improve, there remain areas with poor or limited service. These may be hidden within valleys or just out of range. Even where coverage exists, low signal quality translates to slow data speeds, rapid battery drain and inefficient use of macrocell resources.

Infill solutions need to work more carefully with the existing macrocells, avoiding interference at the cell edge which would otherwise introduce blind spots elsewhere.

Examples include Parallel Wireless which can relay an LTE signal into a valley and is being used by UK operator EE to extend their LTE rural coverage.

Verizon’s LTE in Rural America project is also worth a mention. This has extended LTE to many areas across the US where local rural networks install Verizon LTE equipment on their own macrocell towers and uses Verizon’s 700MHz spectrum. These are connected directly through to Verizon’s LTE core network. The local network can resell as rebrand as their own LTE service. It now serves 2.6 milion people over an area of 2.6 million square miles.

I don’t see any reason why that concept couldn’t be extended to include Small Cells, both indoor and out.

Backhaul Concentrators and Local Switching

Many of these remote areas may already have some form of backhaul. Satellite communications are becoming more widespread and viable at higher speeds as a viable solution.

In many remote communities, much of the voice and text messaging will be directly between the local population. Using local switching to bypass the satellite backhaul link would save considerable bandwidth. Innovative and low cost solutions from vendors such as Quortus are ideal in these situations.

The Small Cell Forum publishes an overall architecture (below) which includes a “Local SCN” or Small Cell Node. This can be a simple backhaul adaptor, which might optimise the data flow to make best use of narrowband satellite backhaul. Or as shown further below, it may even extend to a local EPC (Core Network) which can actively switch calls and data sessions between local users, wireline telephones and data services.

Remote Small Cell Node Architecture

A reliable source of continuous mains power is often available, especially in more industrialised countries. The power consumption of a remote rural small cell can be less than 100W, including satellite backhaul modem.

There are several power management solutions available which actively monitor and control renewable sources (solar, wind) with storage (rechargeable batteries, fuel cells). PowerOasis and Intelligent Energy spring to mind.

As one Australian reader pointed out to me recently, they don’t have a shortage of sun for solar power in the Outback.

Bringing cellular service to rural and remote areas is very cost effective and practical using Small Cells.

There are several distinct scenarios of where and how this can be achieved described above.

Power and backhaul are also important elements, for which there are viable solutions.

Controlling on-going running and maintenance costs are important to ensure commercial viability, something a co-operative and supportive local population can help with.

 Further Reading

Several of the examples given in this article are taken from Case Studies documented by the Small Cell Forum

The Forum has published a raft of documents covering many aspects of rural and remote small cells

Hits : 5173

#1 Robert Smallwood said:
Brilliant summary David. Thank you.

Your article (and the associated links) very nicely highlights that there are viable options currently available (and cost-effective to deploy) for many rural and outback locations that have not been adequately exploited by the carriers. In the Mid West region of Western Australia where I'm based, (472,000 sq km -- pop 70,000, with 50% in Geraldton) the median cost of deploying a full-scale cell tower is between AU$800,000 and AU$1m. In areas of market failure the only option for delivering cell coverage to many of these regions is currently through government programs that subsidise the carriers to build full-scale tower infrastructure with taxpayer funds. If small cell solutions were routinely incorporated into the delivery model, significant improvement to cell overage could be provided to a great deal more customers for significantly less cost, improving cell penetration and saving taxpayers significant sums. Thanks again for your excellent article and links.

Rob Smallwood
Mid West Digital Economy Strategy Manager
Mid West Development Commission
Geraldton, Western Australia
+3 Quote 2015-09-03 02:31
  • 4

    A significant number of users continue to report poor mobile coverage in their homes. There will always be areas which are uneconomic for mobile operator to reach. They range from rural areas

  • 4

    The term Enterprise addresses any non-residential in-building including hotels, convention centres, transport hubs, offices, hospitals and retail outlets. It's not just intended for businesses to

  • 4

    Urban small cells (sometimes also named metrocells) are compact and discrete mobile phone basestations, unobstrusively located in urban areas. They can be mounted on lampposts, positioned on the

  • 4

    A rural small cell is a low power mobile phone base station designed to bring mobile phone service to small pockets of population in remote rural areas. These could be hamlets, small villages or

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Carvoeiro – Weather

With 300 days of beautiful sunshine a year, you’re almost guaranteed warm and sunny weather no matter when you travel. Carvoeiro weather is very pleasant with the summer months beginning in May. Rainfall isn’t much of a concern with just 1mm of rain in July and not much more during the remaining summer months. The weather in Carvoeiro is very hot, with an average temperature of 24°C that rises to 29°C at the hottest time of the day. The summer has 14 hours of sunshine a day and humidity levels are often high, making it feel even warmer.

When autumn arrives, the weather in Carvoeiro cools slightly but it’s still very warm. The average temperature during the day ranges from 15°C to 19°C, with lows rarely dropping below 11°C. The quietest time to visit Carvoeiro is in winter when the climate is mild but there’s also an increase in rain. December is the wettest month, with 94mm of rain spread over nine days. Temperatures in Carvoeiro drop to lows of 8°C with highs of around 13°C.

Travel in spring for milder temperatures and less rainfall. May has an average temperature of 17°C that often increases to 22°C before the summer hits. There are over nine hours of sunshine in March that continues to increase towards the end of the season. Rainfall is light to moderate with less than 38mm of rainfall per month.

Current Weather

Weather Predictor Your next five days

Weather Bar Chart Average monthly temperature and rainfall for the location


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Professional Builders Services in Uxbridge.

Uxbridge UB Professional Building & Planning Company

Your bathroom really can use some new tiles, but you have no idea where to find a reliable tiler? Why not use the professional builder service of Thomson's Cleaning? Our firm offer expert, top quality builders services to residential and commercial customers residing in Uxbridge UB. Our builders are all vetted, experienced and can do kitchen and bathroom renovations, various redecoration and complete refurbishments of homes and business premises. We always make sure to fit into the budget of our clients, because customer satisfaction is of utmost importance to our company. If you choose to entrust us to do some renovations and refurbishments, you will also get:

  • “One stop shop” - a full portfolio of building tasks and services
  • We work 365 days a year, with flexible hours
  • Fully insured builders service
  • No hidden fees, competitive rates
  • 24 hours a day customer service

To book a viewing for a price offer or to get a price estimation, just call 020 3746 0000 or send us an online request. Our customer care service is obtainable 24 hours a day.

Pro Plastering and Wall Boarding Uxbridge UB

Thomson's Cleaning Uxbridge UB experts can purchase the building materials, or you can do it yourself, if you prefer. We can provide you some of our other services when we are done with the building, such as: after builders cleaning and builders rubbish removal. If you combine more than one of our services, we will give you a serious discount from the price. Our builders will come to do the building job in times and days which are most suitable for you. We have flexible work hours, and offer our services 365 days a year.

So, if you need any renewals, refurbishments or redecoration done - book our expert builders services now!

Domestic or Commercial Painting & Decorating Uxbridge UB

Thomson's Cleaning Uxbridge UB can provide you with professional tiling, painting, refurbishment, redecorating, flooring, wallpapering, electrical work, rendering, plastering, wall boarding, decking, bathroom and kitchen fitting, kitchen and bathroom remodeling, and many other builder services. In some cases, we can give you a price estimate, but it will most likely change after a viewing is done by one of our surveyors. At the viewing the surveyor will discuss the plans with you and will work together with you to fit your planned budget and timeline. An evaluator will make the calculations and will prepare a price quote for you. The offer will include the cost for our labour, the materials necessary, as well as the price for builders rubbish removal.

Pro Kitchen or Bathroom Renovation Uxbridge UB

Builders Cleaning Uxbridge UBOur firm Thomson's Cleaning is a preferred provider of a wide variety of cleaning and maintenance services in Uxbridge UB. Our builder service is no exception. Our builders are experienced and multi-skilled. We can provide every customer with excellent building and planning in accordance to your budget for the renovation or refurbishment. We provide fully insured services. Our builders are vetted and trained. They can completely refurbish, redecorate or renovate your house or office. We will give you a complete satisfaction guarantee for our builders services. Our motto is “No job is too small or too big” and we stand by it!

Book Thomsons Builders Uxbridge UB

If you like our Uxbridge UB offer, or if you would like a viewing to be performed, just contact 020 3746 0000 or send us an online request here. Our customer service operators are at your service non-stop.

We do not require any deposit be paid for our services. We offer emergency booking, but if you plan ahead and book early, we will give you preferential prices. If you choose to combine the after builders cleaning service with the builders service we offer, we will give you sizable discounts. Estate agencies, regular customers and landlords will get preferential prices too. Book our professional builders service now, and let us make your house or office look perfect.


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50 Best Summer Rap Songs of the 2000s

Picking 50 best summer rap songs from the 2000s is no cool water, folks. But, neither is summer. One of the things that makes the period between Memorial Day and Labor Day so exciting (besides the boiling weather and chicks in bikinis) is the peculiar summer music that tags along. Whether you're stuck in traffic on a sweltering weekday, entertaining friends with your grill skills (we're only assuming here), or skinny dipping at a pool party, you'll surely find a fun soundtrack in one of these summer rap songs.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2000

Common The Light
MCA Records

5. Jay-Z (Feat. UGK) - "Big Pimpin'"
Oh man, the good ol' days when Timbaland was cranking out club knockers every other Tuesday. Jiggaman and UGK teamed up to give us this sureshot in the summer of 2000.

4. Mystikal - "Shake It Fast"
Formula for success in the 2000s: Neptunes on the beat + Pharrell on the chorus. It worked for Mystikal, who rode "Shake Ya Ass" all the way to No. 13 on the Hot 100 chart in July 2000.

Nelly - "Country Grammar"
Nelly came out the door blasting with his first single becoming a global smash. The album that shares its title with this song basically launched Nelly's career into the stratosphere.

2. Shyne - "Bad Boyz"
You couldn't go anywhere in 2000 without hearing Barrington Levy's voice booming from the speakers, accompanied by Shyne's gritty flow. He was practically on top of the world until a gun charge sent him to jail and deflated his career.

1. Common - "The Light"
Inspired by Common's ex Erykah Badu and produced by the late great J Dilla, "The Light" warmed up many nights throughout the 2000s. It was musical irrigation to our souls the first time it washed over the summer airwaves.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2001

Fabulous Can't Deny
Desert Storm Records

5. Erick Sermon (ft. Marvin Gaye) - "Music"
"To relax my mind so I can be free" are the first words on Erick Sermon's "Music." Isn't that what comes to mind when we hear the words "summer" and "music." Marvin puts on a hell of a performance from the other side.

4. Ludacris - "Rollout (My Business)"
"Rollout" wasn't the top smash from Luda's Word of Mouf LP. That would be the insanely misogynistic "Area Codes," which reached No. 22 on the Hot 100. But "Rollout" was the first single to showcase his witty flow. Timbaland's signature bassline didn't hurt.

3. Fabolous (ft. Nate Dogg) - "Can't Deny It"
Before Akon stole his spot, Nate Dogg used to be the go-to guy for hooks. His contribution on Fab's single helped make it a catchy tune in 2001.

2. Jay Z - "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)"
In the midst of his battle with Nas, Jay Z needed a magical moment. Kanye delivered it to him on this Jackson 5-sampling anthem from The Blueprint.

1. Bubba Sparxxx - "Ugly"
Bubba's sincere rhymes about being a po white folk in the south made this a standout in 2001. The video with pig-chasing scenes? Priceless.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2002

Nelly - "Hot in Herre"
Universal Records

5. Busta Rhymes - "Pass the Courvoisier II"
When Busta commands you to ''pass the courvoisier,'' he ain't talking about summer beach reading. Unless, of course, the "book" is Genesis, the energetic album that produced Busta's party jam.

4. Styles P - "Good Times"
If your summer pastime consists sitting alone in your four-corners fogging up the air, then this is your soundtrack of choice.

3. Cam'ron - "Oh Boy"
It was one of the cheesiest songs of the year but that Rose Royce sample and that Just Blaze beat made "Oh Boy" a staple at every outdoor party.

2. Nelly - "Hot in Herre"
"Hot in Herre" was designed as a summer hit all along, but Nelly got more than he bargained for as it became his first chart-topping single and inspired a remix craze that went on for years.

1. Clipse - "Grindin'"
Hot summer days heated up every time those sinister drums came over the airwaves. With its barebones Neptunes beat, handclaps, cellos, and Clipse's menacing vocals, a summer hit was born.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2003

50 Cent In Da Club
Shady Records

5. Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz - "Get Low"
The sinfully infectious bassline alone was enough to fill a sweltering dance floor in 100-degree weather.

4. Bone Crusher ft. Killer Mike & T.I. - "Never Scared"
Menacing lyrics by Bone Crusher plus equally forceful cameos by T.I. and Killer Mike.

3. OutKast - "Hey Ya"
One mindless phrase repeated over and over and over and over until it becomes irresistible. Heyyyy ya!

2. Joe Budden - "Pump It Up"
The sinfully infectious Just Blaze beat meets Joey's airtight flow. "Pump It Up" is known to fill a sweltering dance floor, even in 100-degree weather.

1. 50 Cent - "In da Club"
50 struck gold with this Dr. Dre concoction from his debut album, Get Rich or Die Tryin'. "In da Club" sat atop every chart in every country and scored a few Grammy nods for Fif. Not to mention that everyone went around chanting "Go shawty, it's your birthday" regardless of what day or month it was.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2004

Snoop Dogg - "Drop It Like It's Hot"
Interscope Records

5. Twista - "Slow Jamz"
Even a heat wave seems less cruel thanks to the cruising-the-street soul vibe of "Slow Jamz."

4. Trick Daddy - "Let's Go"
Trick Daddy, Twista, Lil Jon, an arena-ready beat powered by a synthesizer shower. I dare you to keep your hands down.

3. Juvenile - "Slow Motion"
A sizzling skillet of summer groove, greased by Juvie's smooth flow.

2. Snoop Dogg - "Drop It Like It's Hot"
Snoop dropped this one in the hovering humidity of '04 and watched it sit on No.1 for three weeks. His first No.1 song ever is also one of his hottest. Maybe it's the drums.

1. Terror Squad (ft. Fat Joe & Remy Ma) - "Lean Back"
This bouncy trifle went down easy no matter what kind of dance you were doing in the club.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2005

Cassidy - "I'm A Hustla"
J Full Surface

5. Lil' Kim - "Lighters Up"
Do you care that she doesn't make knockers like this anymore? In these four celebratory minutes, Queen B makes us boogie with BK.

4. Young Jeezy - "Go Crazy"
Jeezy salutes d-boys everywhere. Equally amazing is the remix, which finds Jay-Z bouncing on the beat like it came with leather seats.

3. Missy Elliot - "Lose Control"
Missy had the kids writhing around wildly in her typical high-energy fashion.

2. Paul Wall - "Sittin' Sidewayz"
Paul Wall tips his hat to the city of Houston in a remarkable summer anthem.

1. Cassidy - "I'm A Hustla"
This one hustled its way to regular rotation and became a mainstay for the better part of 2005. Bonus points for the most effective use of Jay-Z's voice in a sample ever.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2006

Busta Rhymes - "Touch It"
Aftermath Entertainment

5. Ray Cash (Ft. Scarface) - "Bumping My Music"
I don't fault you for thinking "Ray who?" Sure, Ray Cash is your typical one-hit wonder, but his single "Bumping My Music" was a ubiquitous summer smash in 2006. It's perfect for a Saturday afternoon cruise down the block.

4. Busta Rhymes - "Touch It"
I would have loved to be a fly on the wall when Scott Storch first heard Daft Punk's "Technologic." I imagine he brimmed with excitement as he envisioned Bust attacking the beat with ferocity.

3. Rich Boy - "Throw Some D's"
Rich Boy made a splash in 2006 with his ubiquitous hit single, "Throw Some D's," which spawned a kabillion remixes, including the one that ultimately set off Kanye West's campaign for Graduation..

2. Lupe Fiasco - "Kick Push"
Lupe’s skateboard anthem made the world take notice of the Chi-Town MC’s push for the return of the art of storytelling sorely needed in this decade.

1. Chamillionaire ft. Krayzie Bone - "Ridin'"
Cham's octane-flow approach is only rivaled by the fast-tongued Krayzie Bone here. It's arguably the biggest hit to ever come out of Texas. This one was so hot it inspired Weird Al's "White & Nerdy" remix.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2007

Kanye West - "Good Life"
Roc-A-Fella Records

5. Jazzy Jeff feat. C.L. Smooth - "All I Know"
The Jazzmeister cooks up a soulful concoction, while the Smoothsmith lays his rhymes in the cut.

4. Kanye West - "Good Life"
While this may have looked like a doomed collaboration on paper, it turned out to be one of the most enjoyable songs of summer 2007.

3. 50 Cent - "I Get Money"
50 Cent brags about being stanky rich on this sky-scrapingly great banger.

2. Young Buck & The Outlawz - "Driving Down The Freeway"
Aided by Hi-Tek's ominously slamming beat and Dion's inspiring chorus, Young Buck and Outlawz invent a new genre: hardcorerapsoulnica. Check Buck Marley's comical rhymes from Buck Marley: "See when the sunshine come out, the Lamborghini somehow had the haters mad, looking at me with they tongue out."

1. UGK (Feat. OutKast) - "Int'l Players Anthem"
Two revered groups join forces and yield a pulverizing hip-hop moment. From the goofy concept to the way the beat is tailor-made to suit each artist, "Int'l Players Anthem" is flawless. It doesn't matter if you're a backpacker, a purist, or a southern rap aficionado, this is one summer anthem you won't forget anytime soon.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2008

Lil Wayne - "A Milli"
Universal Motown

5. The Roots - "Rising Up"
From the go-go drums to Chrisette Michelle's soulful chorus and Wale's flawless verse, this is what a glorious mid-tempo throb sounds like.

4. Q-Tip - "Move"/"Renaissance Rap"
This twofer reminds us of the many reasons why Q-Tip is such a special artist. It's lively enough for the club and energetic enough for the gym. With a flip of the beat, a bubbly rap song descends into a somber subway jam, as Tip recalls his days as a young MC.

3. N.E.R.D. - "Everyone Nose"
This hilarious paean to booger sugar had all the girls -- and some guys -- fiending for more N.E.R.D goodness.

2. T.I. - "Swagga Like Us"
T.I.'s star-stuffed single instantly became an inescapable radio hit, club banger, and summer staple in 2008. To crown it all, a heavily pregnant M.I.A. joined the boys onstage for a Grammy performance...on her due date. Top that swagga.

1. Lil Wayne - "A Milli"
Weezy goes on a free-verse rampage, rambling about everything under the sun. You have no idea what he's saying, but you simply can't turn it off because his flow is so damn infectious.

Best Summer Rap Songs of 2009

Drake - "Forever"

5. Jay-Z - "On to the Next One"
Jay-Z, who's responsible for popularizing so many catchphrases, adds "on to the next one" to hip-hop lingo with this sweltering smash.

4. Alchemist - "Smile" (Ft. Twista & Maxwell)
Alchemist brings the poignant production, Twista brings a fiery delivery, while Maxwell rounds out the edges with his soulful crooning. The song urges optimism in the face of adversity. You can't help but love it.

3. Kurupt/DJ Quik - "9x Outta 10"
This steely single from Kurupt and Quik's collaborative album, BlaQKout, features Kurupt at his grittiest in years. It's the 2009 version of the Clipse's "Grindin'.

2. Snoop Dogg - "I Wanna Rock"
Electrifying riffs and a catchy hook make this a car-ride classic.

1. Drake - "Forever"
"Forever" is not just a summer jam, it's a hip-hop collaboration of mammoth proportions, an amalgamation of heavyweights. For the sake of argument, yes, Eminem wrecked this song with lines like: "There they go, back in stadiums as Shady spits his flow. Nuts they go, Macadamia they go so ballistic whoa" and "When I slap the bass out your mouth with a taste so great that it shakes the place."

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Adaso, Henry. "50 Best Summer Rap Songs of the 2000s." ThoughtCo, Oct. 20, 2017, thoughtco.com/best-summer-rap-songs-of-the-2000s-2857768. Adaso, Henry. (2017, October 20). 50 Best Summer Rap Songs of the 2000s. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/best-summer-rap-songs-of-the-2000s-2857768 Adaso, Henry. "50 Best Summer Rap Songs of the 2000s." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/best-summer-rap-songs-of-the-2000s-2857768 (accessed November 19, 2017).


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The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Massachusetts

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Which Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals Lived in Massachusetts?

Anchisaurus, a dinosaur of Massachusetts. Wikimedia Commons

For much of its prehistory, Massachusetts was pretty much a geological blank: this state was covered by shallow seas during the early Paleozoic Era, and terrestrial fossils only managed to accumulate during brief periods, during the Cretaceous period and Pleistocene epoch. Even still, the Bay State wasn't entirely devoid of prehistoric life, yielding the remains of a couple of important dinosaurs and a plethora of dinosaur footprints, as detailed in the followings slides. (See a list of dinosaurs and prehistoric animals discovered in each U.S. state.)

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The fossil of Podokesaurus, a dinosaur of Massachusetts. Wikimedia Commons

For all practical purposes, the early dinosaur Podokesaurus can be considered an eastern variant of Coelophysis, a small, two-legged theropod that congregated by the thousands in the western U.S., notably the Ghost Ranch region of New Mexico. Unfortunately, the original fossil of Podokesaurus, discovered in 1910 near Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, was destroyed years ago in a museum fire. (A second specimen, discovered in Connecticut, was later assigned to this genus.)

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Anchisaurus, a dinosaur of Massachusetts. Nobu Tamura

Thanks to the Connecticut River Valley that spans both states, the fossils discovered in Massachusetts are very similar to those of Connecticut. The first, fragmented remains of Anchisaurus were unearthed to Connecticut, but it was subsequent discoveries in Massachusetts that cemented this prosauropod's credentials: a slender, bipedal plant-eater remotely ancestral to the giant sauropods and titanosaurs of the later Mesozoic Era.

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Stegomosuchus, a prehistoric crocodile of Massachusetts. State of Massachusetts

Not technically a dinosaur, but an ancient crocodile-like reptile known as a "protosuchid," Stegomosuchus was a tiny creature of the early Jurassic period (the only known fossil specimen was discovered in Massachusetts sediments dating to about 200 million years ago). As you can infer from its family name, Stegomosuchus was a close relative of Protosuchus. It was a family of archosaurs, closely related to these early crocodiles, that evolved into the first dinosaurs during the late Triassic period.

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Dinosaur Footprints

dinosaur footprint
A typical dinosaur footprint, of the type found in Massachusetts. Getty Images

The Connecticut River Valley is famous for its dinosaur footprints--and there's no difference between the dinosaurs that traversed the Massachusetts and Connecticut sides of this late Cretaceous formation. Unfortunately, paleontologists are unable to identify the exact genera that made these prints; suffice it to say that they included various sauropods and theropods (meat-eating dinosaurs), which almost certainly had complex predator-prey relationships.

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The American Mastodon

The American Mastodon, a prehistoric animal of Massachusetts. Wikimedia Commons

In 1884, a team of workers digging a trench on a farm in Northborough, Massachusetts discovered a bunch of fossilized teeth, tusks and bone fragments. These were later identified as belonging to an American Mastodon, which roamed North America in vast herds during the Pleistocene epoch, from about two million to 50,000 years ago. The discovery of the "Northborough Mammoth" generated newspaper headlines around the U.S., at a time when the fossils of these ancient proboscids weren't quite as common as they are today.

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Paradoxides, a prehistoric trilobite of Massachusetts. Wikimedia Commons

The 500-million-year-old Paradoxides is one of the world's most common fossil trilobites, a vast family of sea-dwelling crustaceans that dominated the Paleozoic Era and went extinct by the start of the Mesozoic Era. Massachusetts can't lay any particular claim to this ancient organism--numerous intact individuals have been discovered all over the globe--but if you're lucky, you can still identify a specimen on a trip to one of this state's fossil formations.


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Shored Up

Shored Up

dir. Ben Kalina, US, 2013, digital, 83 min.

Director Ben Kalina will be in attendance for a post-screening discussion

Shored Up is a documentary that asks tough questions about our coastal communities and our relationship to the land. What will a rising sea do to our homes, our businesses, and the survival of our communities? Can we afford to pile enough sand on our shores to keep the ocean at bay? In Long Beach Island, New Jersey and the Outer Banks of North Carolina, surfers, politicians, scientists, and residents are racing to answer these questions.

Presented in partnership with Sierra Club Philadelphia chapter

$7.00 - $9.00

Upcoming Events
International House Philadelphia

  • Sorry, there are currently no upcoming events.


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Randy Travis in Lincoln City, OR Tickets

Don’t miss your chance to see Randy Travis in Lincoln City! Check out the schedule below for the concert date of your choice, then buy your Randy Travis Lincoln City tickets before they sell out!

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Randy Travis Lincoln City Tickets

If you were searching to see if Randy Travis is coming to Lincoln City, then you’re in luck! For their latest tour, Randy Travis will indeed hold a concert in Lincoln City. Have an awesome concert experience when you go to see Randy Travis in Lincoln City. Get your Randy Travis tickets Lincoln City and join fellow fans for a concert to remember!


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Gigi D'agostino Tickets

Gigi D'agostino Tickets

Let's face it. Finding cheap and affordable Gigi D'agostino tickets can be a rough experience. Many different ticket places charge ridiculous prices and have terrible add ons to drive the price even higher. Well, that is not the case with TicketProcess. We thrive to get you the best prices for all Gigi D'agostino tickets you so desire.

FREE Discount Codes  Available On Our Official Facebook Page! (See Fan Offer)

Gigi D'agostino Schedule

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The sky's the limit with our customer appreciation. Also, we provide the best in ticket tracking and shipping for any performance fan in the world. If you are ordering precious event tickets, you are going to want to know where they are until they are in your hand. With the package tracking feature, you can do just that. This will cut down on high levels of stress while your Gigi D'agostino tickets are in the mail. Now you can focus on more important things than whether the package you ordered arrives in one piece.

We here at TicketProcess pride ourselves on the fact that we want our customers purchasing  Gigi D'agostino tickets to feel comfortable, safe and secure. Buying Gigi D'agostino tickets from TicketProcess couldn't be easier. Making your purchase online or on the go with our mobile apps for iPhone, Andriod or Mobile web. We are always here for your convenience, and we want everyone looking for great deals to come our way. We are devoted to your pleasant and overall good experience.

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Culinaromancer's gloves 7

Culinaromancer's gloves 7 Examine: A pair of adamant-coloured gloves. Weight: 0.20 kg
Members: Yes Quest item: Yes Tradeable: No Stackable: No
High alchemy: 1,500 gp Low alchemy: 1,000 gp
Location: Buy from the Culinaromancer's Chest in Lumbridge Castle basement after completing 6 subquests of the Recipe for Disaster quest.
Uses: Used for their melee and strength bonus.
Notes: Costs 2500 gp from the Culinaromancer's Chest. Due to their colouring and stats, many people relate them to adamant armour.
Links: Recipe for Disaster, Combat guide
Tags: Armour, Gloves, Melee
Credits: Aurhora, BloodAngel, bouwzie, Howlin1, Kill_thomas9, Meol, misplacedme, SportsGuy
Item Stats
Damage 0 Armour 19
Accuracy 0 Life Bonus 0
Level 40 Prayer Bonus 0
Style: -- Strength Bonus 5
Type: All Ranged Bonus 5
Speed: -- Magic Bonus 5
Ammo: -- Equipment slot: Gloves
Skill Requirements
Agility 0 Prayer 0
Attack 0 Ranged 0
Constitution 0 Strength 0
Defence 40 Summoning 0
Magic 0
Last updated: 15-Jul-2014
RuneScape 2007
Find this page on the Internet Archive with a date as close to Aug 10, 2007 as possible.

Will you use Menaphos to train your skills?

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text:
Citric acid

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Cat.No. 3160 - Citric acid | C6H8O7 | CAS No. 77-92-9
Description: Commonly used laboratory reagent
Chemical Name: 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylic acid
Purity: ≥99.5%

Biological Activity

Commonly used laboratory reagent.

Technical Data

M. Wt 192.12
Formula C6H8O7
Storage Store at RT
Purity ≥99.5%
CAS Number 77-92-9
PubChem ID 311
Smiles OC(CC(O)=O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

All Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only.

Solubility Data

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
water 48.03 250

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 192.12. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to solvent of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.21 mL 26.03 mL 52.05 mL
5 mM 1.04 mL 5.21 mL 10.41 mL
10 mM 0.52 mL 2.6 mL 5.21 mL
50 mM 0.1 mL 0.52 mL 1.04 mL

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*When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and SDS / CoA (available online).

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Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis / Product Datasheet
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Safety Datasheet

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Good Governance Training for Atafu Begins

10 April 2015

Tokelau’s furthers village, Atafu begins good governance training for its Council of Elders (Taupulega) with workshop currently being held on island.

Tokelau continues to provide the training to keep its leaders and public servants aware of the good governance principles – continue to make aware and encouraging good governing and best practice, mainly in terms of decision making.

All Public Servants in the Office of the Taupulega in Atafu (OTA) and Non-Government Organisation (NGO) will also partake in the one week training.

The Good Governance training is currently being carried out by private consultant Afamasaga Faamatala Toleafoa with assistance from Poasi Tuilotolava and Violeta Iosua from the Office of the Taupulega in Atafu (OTA).


text:
Sky Taxi (DIRECT PLAY) [blaze69]

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Sky Taxi (DIRECT PLAY) [blaze69]

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Name:Sky Taxi (DIRECT PLAY) [blaze69]

Total Size: 32.06 MB

Magnet: Magnet Link

Seeds: 0

Leechers: 0

Stream: Watch Full Movie @ Movie4u

Last Updated: 2012-10-06 18:03:00 (Update Now)

Torrent added: 2009-08-27 00:08:34

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Read Me First !!!!!.txt (Size: 32.06 MB) (Files: 2)

 Read Me First !!!!!.txt

1.04 KB

 Sky Taxi.7z

32.06 MB

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Torrent description

Use Latest version Of winrar or 7-Zip
Extract .rar file ..
Extract To Short Paths Like C:\Games Or D:\Games
Go To The Extracted Folder And Double Click On The >MakeDesktopIcon< File.
Start The game from the desktop.
Simple as that :

Install >NOTHING<

When You no longer want the game on your Computer, delete the extracted folder and the desktop Shortcut..

Tested On Vista Xp and Windows 7...

Brought To You By blaze69

Sky Taxi

Mitch and his pals just want to sit around and watch TV. But the Fairy Queen has an important assignment for them: rescue her people from nasty aliens! Run, jump and stomp your way to fortune and fame as you collect goodies and knock the living stars out of your enemies. You can also launch off clouds and leap through fire to discover amazing secrets and play mini-games to enhance your skills. Can you prove yourself worthy of a Kung Fu upgrade?

System Requirements:

OS: Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista
Memory: 256 MB
DirectX: 7
CPU: P800

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SAA Ready Cut Mount - 500 x 400mm - Cream Core - Champagne (SM5040CC)
No frame is complete without a professional mount to really showcase your work.
Our mounts are bevel cut, 100% acid free and will really bring your picture to life! Available in 53 colours, 2 differing grades; cream core and conservation, and 6 popular sizes with apertures to fit standard paper sizes, there really is no better reason to start mounting your work.
The cream core offers excellent value and will look great on any picture.
When choosing your mount consider the colours used in the painting. Often we stick to the pale colours we know will work, but why not try something vibrant to really help the painting pop?
External size: 500 x 400mm / 19.7" x 15.7"
Aperture size: 372 x 272mm / 14.6" x 10.7"
Border: 64mm
It is suitable for quarter imperial paper.
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Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)

  • Studio: Walt Disney Pictures
  • Release: December 16, 2016
  • Director: Gareth Edwards
  • Writer: John Knoll, George Lucas, Chris Weitz, Gary Whitta
  • Cast: Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Jiang Wen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Riz Ahmed, Forest Whitaker

Video archive for the film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which has a domestic theatrical release in the year of 2016. There are currently seventy-three videos available for the film, of which ten are trailers, as listed below. Happy viewing!

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Actress: Janet Montgomery

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    Below are the current top twelve films that have been filed under the actress Janet Montgomery in order of how many times each film has been viewed on site. To see the recent video additions filed under this actress, click "Recently Added" below.

    To see Janet Montgomery's entire filmography listed on TrailerAddict, hit the "Credits" option below.


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Actor: Taylor Kitsch

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    Below are trailers, clips, featurettes, TV spots and interviews that have been filed under films that have been tagged with the actor Taylor Kitsch in order of when they were added to TrailerAddict, with the most recent additions listed first. You are on page seven of six. To see some of the most popular films based on this actor, click the "Top Films" option in the green bar below.

    To see Taylor Kitsch's entire filmography listed on TrailerAddict, hit the "Credits" option below.
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Attractions & Entertainment

What do you do for fun when you're in Alberta? A lot. It’s as easy as opening your eyes. Just a heads up though, you might not believe them. ● Perspective: Get a load of these views from way up with gondola and tram rides. See who spies a grizzly first. ● Dinosaurs: When the question is, “want to find some dinosaur bones?” the answer is always, “obviously!” Do it for real in the Canadian Badlands. ● History: Alberta's historical attractions come in three categories: they're either old, really old, or is-that-a-fossil old. Choose your own adventure with guided tours or self-guided exploring in the open air and interpretive centres.

Lake Louise | Jake Dyson


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February art journaling printable workbook

  • Digital collage kit and art journaling e-book
    See preview images [right} for e-book/digital kit contents:
    --16-page art journaling workbook & digital collage sheets. Each unique monthly digital kit includes a variety of high resolution printable pages/images  with numerous ideas, creative prompts and color inspiration in PDF format. {printable in any program that reads pdfs}
    Use the .jpg art journal pages to create digital art journal& scrapbook pages. Or print out the artist papers, journaling cards, collage pages and use them in your mixed media, scrapbook, journal/sketchbook or paint them. Use them for color palette inspiration. For printable stickers and tapes print images on label paper.
    PLEASE NOTE: This is a digital kit and no physical products will be shipped to you. Once payment is received, an automated email from "treiC designs digital boutique by traci bautista" with information regarding downloading the e-book and digital kit will be provided. The link expires in 14 days and you are allowed TWO downloads. read terms of use here
    © Copyright 2011-2013 Traci Bautista. This art journaling digital kit was originally published in 2011 as part of my digital kit club.
  • Here’s a sampling of kit contents{all kits vary}:
    *calendar page each month
    *art journaling and painting jumpstarts
    *inspiration board
    *color palette
    *Patterns/stencil shapes
    *doodle page
    *Sketch ideas
    *printable labels/journal tabs & journal spots
    *photography images
    *Step-by-step project info
    *tips & tricks
    *alternative project ideas
    *creative prompts
    *special inspiration ideas related to the month

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