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Historical Timeline of Los Angeles
By: Vand Trussel

Circa 38,000 BC - Los Angeles has been pulling in visitors for tens of thousands of years, as a future fossil is trapped inside what are now the historical La Brea Tar Pits.

Circa 8000 BC - Chumash people settle the Los Angeles basin.

Circa 300 BC - The Tataviam (later Fernandeno) people inhabit what is now the San Fernando Valley.

Circa 500 AD - Tongva Indians settle in the Los Angeles basin. Some accounts say they displaced the Chumash. By the 16th century, the region’s main village will be called Yang-Na, near present-day Los Angeles City Hall.

1542 - Portuguese explorer Juan Cabrillo navigates the coast of California. He calls present day San Pedro Bay the “Bay of Smokes.”

1602 - Sebastian Vizcaino of Spain explores the California coast and meets some of the locals.

1769 - Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portola explores the area to open up a land route to the port of Monterey and establishes the first Spanish settlement in the area. The settlers name the local river Rio de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula (River of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula).

1771 - Father Junipero Serra establishes the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, later moved to the present-day city of San Gabriel.

1781 - A group of 11 families comprising 44 Mexicans settles by the river. Felipe de Neve, Governor of Spanish California, names the settlement El Pueblo Sobre el Rio de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Angeles del Río de Porciúncula. The name is shortened rather quickly.

1797 - Father Fermin Lasuen founds Mission San Fernando, named for King Ferdinand of Spain. It later becomes home to the largest adobe structure in California, 30,000 grape vines and 21,000 head of livestock.

1805 - The first American trading ship arrives at San Pedro Bay, south of the Pueblo.

1821 - Mexico achieves independence from Spain.

1841 - History of Los Angeles’ first census shows a population of 141.

1842 - California’s first discovery of gold is made at Placerita Canyon, near Mission San Fernando, prompting LA’s first population boom.

1846 - Pio Pico is sworn in as governor of the California, in Los Angeles. Out-of-towners begin to mispronounce his name (it’s PEE-koh).

1847 - Battle of Rio San Gabriel. The United States takes control of Los Angeles. Treaty of Cahuenga is signed in the pass between Los Angeles and the San Fernando Valley.

1848 - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico formally cedes California to the United States, and all residents are made U.S. citizens.

1849 - That other California Gold Rush. Settlers flood the state, creating great demand for beef from Los Angeles-area ranchos.

1850 - Los Angeles is incorporated as a municipality, and California becomes the 30th state in the union.

1852 - The Gilmore Adobe is built at the site of the current Original Farmers Market, where it still stands.

1854 - The first Jewish services in history of Los Angeles are held.

1855 - Los Angeles gets its first schoolhouse.

1865 - Civil War ends. African Americans begin heading to Los Angeles in significant numbers.

1865 - Los Angeles’ first college, St. Vincent’s (now Loyola Marymount University), is established. Today Los Angeles County has 42 colleges and universities.

1866 - Los Angeles Town Square is established; it will later be renamed Pershing Square.

1868 - The beginning of the famous nighttime view of Los Angeles, with the arrival of streetlights.

1869 - Southern California’s first railroad is constructed, connecting Downtown Los Angeles with San Pedro Bay, 21 miles away.

1870 - Whites outnumber Hispanics and Native Americans for the fist time in Los Angeles.

1871 - First rail link established between Los Angeles and San Francisco.

1871 - Isaac Newton Van Nuys buys 60,000 acres of land in the southern San Fernando Valley.

1872 - Ventura County is established, ceded from a section of northwest Los Angeles County.

1872 - The Los Angeles branch of the First African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church is established.

1873 - Hired by Southern Pacific rail baron Henry Huntington, journalist Charles Nordhoff writes the book California for Health, Pleasure and Residence. Today a street bears his name in the San Fernando Valley.

1873 - The city’s first synagogue in history is built.

1873 - The first trolley line in the city opens.

1873 - The seedless navel orange is introduced to California from Brazil.

1874 - Los Angeles gets its first streetcar. It’s horse drawn. The first electrified streetcars will debut in 1887.

1876 - Cathedral of St. Vibiana opens.

1877 - Thanks to new refrigerated boxcar technology, California oranges cause a sensation in St. Louis. Agriculture begins to replace ranching as the mainstay of the local economy.

1878 - Los Angeles County Bar Association is established.

1880s - Citrus, wine grapes and other fruits and vegetables are grown in the Los Angeles area. The area of present-day Beverly Hills is largely bean fields, Hollywood is fig orchards.

1880 - Founding of the University of Southern California. Its sports teams are known as the Methodists or the Wesleyans until 1912, when a columnist wrote that they “fought like Trojans.” The name sticks.

1881 - The Los Angeles Times debuts as the Los Angeles Daily Times.

1881 - The Southern Pacific Railroad links Los Angeles directly with the eastern United States for the first time.

1881 - Los Angeles has its first recorded snowfall.

1880s - Westlake Park is built, later renamed MacArthur Park after the World War II general.

1883 - Los Angeles gets its first conservatory of music.

1885 - The Santa Fe Railroad opens a second line linking Los Angeles with the rest of the nation.

1886 - Harvey Henderson Wilcox purchases 160 acres of land west of the Cahuenga Pass for a planned residential community. He names it Hollywood after the estate of an acquaintance of his wife, Daeida.

1886 - The price of a train ticket between Kansas City and Los Angeles falls to one dollar, prompting another population boom.

1889 - USC and St. Vincent’s College play the first college football game in Los Angeles.

1890 - Los Angeles population: 50,000 (a new record in the history of LA).

1890 - The official flag of Los Angeles is designed.

1892 - Edward Doheny discovers oil at “Greasy Gulch,“ near Westlake Park. Soon oil is discovered all over the Los Angeles area.

1896 - Colonel J. Griffith donates nearly five square miles of land near his ranch to the people of Los Angeles. Today, Griffith Park is 4,017 acres of mountains, dales and flatlands between Hollywood and the San Fernando Valley, the largest urban park in the United States.

1897 – Five hundred oil wells are operating within Los Angeles. California is the third-largest oil producing state in America.

1897 - A nine-mile wooden cycleway is built connecting Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena along the riverbed the Arroyo Seco. The cycleway eventually fails, but the right of way remains.

1897 - The first automobile takes to the streets of Los Angeles.

1898 - Los Angeles gets a symphony orchestra, the fifth in the nation.

1899 - First breakwater constructed at the Port of Los Angeles, on San Pedro Bay.

1900 - Los Angeles population: 102,479, which ranks it 36th in the nation.

1900 - Early Japanese immigrants arrive in Los Angeles.

1901 - Angels Flight, a funicular up Bunker Hill in Downtown Los Angeles, opens.

1902 - The first Rose Bowl Game is played. Michigan defeats Stanford.

1903 - The Los Angeles Examiner (later the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner) is founded by William Randolph Hearst.

1904 - Los Angeles establishes the first Playground Department in the United States.

1905 - Tobacco magnate turned real estate developer Abbot Kinney carves out canals near the beach, naming the district the Venice of California. Six of those canals still exist.

1906 - The first fossils are excavated from the La Brea Tar Pits.

1907 - The Southwest Museum of the American Indian opens. Today it has one of the most important collections of Native American art and artifacts in the United States, covering 2,000 years.

1908 - Philippe’s restaurant opens. It will later invent the French dip roast beef sandwich.

1909 - Los Angeles becomes the first large city in the nation to adopt zoning laws to distinguish between commercial and residential properties.

1910 - Los Angeles population: 319,198, 17th in the nation.

1910 – D.W. Griffith becomes the first director to shoot film in Los Angeles. His acting company includes Lionel Barrymore, Lillian Gish and Mary Pickford.

1910 - Dominguez Field in Los Angeles is host to the world’s first air meet.

1910 - Residents of the municipality of Hollywood vote to join the city of Los Angeles, partially to have access to Los Angeles’ water rights.

1911 - The first Hollywood production company, Nestor Film Company opens in an abandoned tavern. Soon, neighbors erect signs reading “No dogs, no actors.”

1911-1912 – An 8,500-foot breakwater is completed at the port of Los Angeles, and shipping channels are widened.

1912 - The area around First Street and Central Avenue becomes the gateway to a famous African-American corridor along Central Avenue, which swells in population in the 1920s.

1912 - First time in history, Los Angeles gets its first gas station.

1913 - Cecil B. de Mille shoots the first Hollywood movie, “Squaw Man.”

1913 - The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County opens. It remains the largest museum of its kind in the western United States.

1913 - Los Angeles’ first children’s and family camps are established, for recreation in the mountains.

1913 - After a saga of cinematic proportions, the Los Angeles Aqueduct is completed, carrying water from the Owens Valley, about 230 miles north of the city. At the opening ceremony, engineer William Mulholland proclaims “There it is. Take it.”

1913 - Georgia “Tiny” Broadwick becomes the first woman to parachute from an airplane, over Griffith Park. She later demonstrates parachuting techniques for the U.S. military.

1914 - The LA subdivision of Beverly Hills is incorporated as an independent city. From here on out, it’s all swimming pools, movie stars, “Beverly Hills Cop” and 90210.

1915 - Large parts of the San Fernando Valley are annexed to the city of Los Angeles. Further annexations will continue through 1965.

1915 - Carl Laemmle opens Universal Film Manufacturing Company, the world’s largest motion picture production facility, near the Cahuenga Pass. He charges the public 25 cents to watch films being shot, including a boxed lunch.

1915 – D.W. Griffith’s “Birth of a Nation” creates the film vocabulary that is known today, despite the controversy it generates. The film’s story seems to justify racial segregation and glorify the Ku Klux Klan.

1915 - Direct steamship service begins between Los Angeles and Japan.

1915 - There are 55,000 cars on the streets of Los Angeles.

1916 - The Jesse L. Lasky Company, a Hollywood film production house, merges with Adolph Zukor’s New York-based Famous Players to distribute films under Paramount Pictures’ star-ringed mountaintop.

1917 - Frank Lloyd Wright designs the Hollyhock House for heiress Aline Barnsdall. Today’s visitors can see the house at Barnsdall Art Park.

1917 - The first Forest Lawn Cemetery opens.

1918 - Brothers Sam, Jack, Harry and Albert Warner, immigrants from Poland via Pennsylvania, open Warner Bros. Studios on Sunset Boulevard.

1919 - Founding of the Southern Branch of the University of California, later University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The campus is on Vermont Avenue and enrolls some 1,500 students.

1920 – Eighty percent of the world’s films are shot in California.

1921 - Welder Simon Rodia (recently arrived from Italy) begins work on what will become the Watts Towers.

1921 - Amelia Earhart begins her aeronautic career with flying lessons in Los Angeles.

1923 - Robert Andrews Millikan of the California Institute of Technology wins the first Nobel Prize for a Los Angeles-area institution, in Physics. Twenty-one more (so far) will follow in his footsteps including Linus Pauling and Richard Feynman.

1922 - Los Angeles’ first radio stations, KFI, KHJ and KNX, take to the air.

1922 – The first concerts are held at the Hollywood Bowl amphitheater, now the summer home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and site of concerts by artists including Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, the Beatles, Monty Python, Cher and world music of every stripe.

1923 - Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum opens.

1923 - Charismatic preacher Aimee Semple McPherson opens the Angelus Temple (seating 5,000) in Los Angeles’ Echo Park district. Her preaching incorporates speaking in tongues and demonstrations of faith healing.

1923 - A young cartoonist named Walt Disney arrives in Los Angeles with $40 in his pocket.

1923 – Bel Air becomes a not-quite-gated community in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. It has been populated by movers and shakers ever since.

1924 - The Mulholland Highway (now Muholland Drive) opens on the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains and the Hollywood Hills. It remains one of America’s most beautiful drives.

1924 - Theater magnate Marcus Loew amalgamates Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures and Louis B. Mayer Pictures into what will become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Hollywood’s wunderkind, Irving Thalberg, is head of production.

1924 - CBC Film Sales Corporation is renamed Columbia Pictures Corporation. The lady with the torch will soon be introducing Frank Capra films.

1924 - Los Angeles population tops one million.

1924 - Los Angeles gets its first opera company.

1925 - Los Angeles Central Library opens.

1925 - Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures merge to form Twentieth Century Fox. The next year, the studio acquires 300 acres of open land west of Beverly Hills for its production facilities.

1926 - The Spanish-language newspaper La Opinion is founded. Today it has the largest circulation of any Spanish-language newspaper in the United States, with over 126,000 copies daily.

1926 - A 2,400-plus mile stretch of road connecting Los Angeles and Chicago is designated as U.S. Highway 66. Roadside architecture and American popular music have never been the same since.

1927 - Talkies arrive, with the first feature-length talking picture, “The Jazz Singer,” starring Al Jolson, and Fox Movietone News, which will be regular feature in cinemas until 1963.

1927 - Grauman’s Chinese Theatre opens. Over the years, impresario Sid Grauman and his successors will invite dozens of top stars to leave their hand- and footprints in freshly poured cement out front.

1927 - Establishment of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, with actor Douglas Fairbanks as president. Oscar winners have been thanking the academy ever since.

1927 – Two hundred thousand people greet aviator Charles Lindbergh.

1928 - Los Angeles City Hall opens. Just the facts, ma’am: the tower with its distinctive pyramid-shaped roof, appears on the opening credits of the TV show “Dragnet.”

1928 - The first Academy Awards ceremony takes place at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. “Wings,” directed by William Wellman, wins best picture.

1928 - Walt Disney finds his first lasting success with the release of the animated talking picture “Steamboat Willie,” starring a mouse named Mickey.

1928 - The first NAACP convention in the west takes place on Central Avenue.

1929 - UCLA opens the first four buildings of its current campus in the Westwood district, including the Romanesque style Royce Hall. Graduates of this campus will include James Dean and Heather Locklear.

1929 - Ross-Loos Medical Group of Temple Street becomes the first comprehensive medical care organization in the United States, serving employees of the Department of Water and Power and their families. Today it would be better known as a health maintenance organization (HMO).

1930 - The area of the original Pueblo of Los Angeles is renovated and opens as Olvera Street.

1930 - Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) opens. Today it is the world’s busiest in point-to-point passenger traffic and is fifth busiest overall.

1930 - The Greek Theatre, named because it was meant to replicate a Greek amphitheater, opens in Griffith Park.

1932 - Los Angeles hosts the games of the X Olympiad. Tenth Street is renamed Olympic Boulevard.

1933 - First publication of the African-American newspaper, the Los Angeles Sentinel.

1934 - The Original Farmers Market opens at the corner of Third Street and Fairfax Avenue.

1935 - The Griffith Observatory opens in Griffith Park. From its perch on a promontory, one can view both the skies above and the city below.

1939 - Union Station opens in Downtown Los Angeles. Its style combines Mission, Spanish Colonial and Streamline Moderne motifs, to dramatic effect. Los Angeles Chinatown moves to its present location to make way.

1939 - Raymond Chandler publishes The Big Sleep, the first of his detective novels set in Los Angeles.

1939 - MGM Studios takes viewers over the rainbow, with the release of “The Wizard of Oz.”

1940 - The Arroyo Seco Parkway opens on the right-of-way between Downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena, becoming the nation’s first controlled limited access highway (you may know it as a freeway). Today the LA area has 27 interconnecting freeways, and the East L.A. Interchange is the busiest in the world.
WWII - Shipbuilding becomes the primary business of the Port of Los Angeles, employing some 90,000 workers. One-third of U.S. warplanes are manufactured in Los Angeles.

1942 - Los Angeles gives the world its first parking meter.

1944 - Bing Crosby’s recording of “San Fernando Valley” reaches No. 1 on the charts, no doubt prompting plenty of GIs to move here after the war.

1944 - Peak of ridership of the Pacific Electric Railway (red car) streetcars, with 109 million riders on over 1,150 miles of track in four counties.
1946 - The Cleveland Rams football team moves to Los Angeles and become the Los Angeles Rams. Under executive Pete Rozelle (later commissioner of the National Football League), the Rams will become the first team to capitalize on television.

1947 - The telephone area code 213 is assigned to Los Angeles.

1950 - Los Angeles population: 1,970,358, surpassing Detroit as fourth in the nation.
1950 – “Sunset Boulevard” is released and instantly becomes the definitive Hollywood film. Gloria Swanson headlines as the faded star Norma Desmond.

1953 - Completion of the “four level” interchange, the first of its kind, connecting the Hollywood, Pasadena and Harbor Freeways.

1954 - Oil magnate J. Paul Getty first opens a museum of his collections to the public.

1954 - Simon Rodia completes the Watts Towers.

1955 - Walt Disney moves to Los Angeles’ ritzy Bel Air district and proclaims his new Disneyland Park in nearby Anaheim as the Happiest Place on Earth.

1956 - The Capitol Records building in Hollywood, distinctively shaped like a stack of 45-rpm disks, becomes the first circular office tower.

1957 - Richard Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin of the Los Angeles-based toy company Wham-O create a durable plastic ring they call the Hula Hoop. It sells over 100 million in the next two years.

1958 - Television station KTLA becomes the first to use a news helicopter.

1958 - The former Brooklyn Dodgers play for the first time as the Los Angeles Dodgers, becoming the first Major League Baseball team west of Missouri.

1958 - USC establishes the first schools in the United States for Cinema-Television, Gerontology and Urban Planning & Development.

1959 - Los Angeles-based toy company Mattel debuts Barbie on March 9. That makes her a Pisces.

1960 - Los Angeles population: 2,479,015, surpassing Philadelphia as third in the nation. More than 6 million people live in Los Angeles County.

1960 - The Minneapolis Lakers basketball team moves to Los Angeles and is renamed the Los Angeles Lakers. Legendary Lakers will include Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Wilt Chamberlain, Earvin “Magic” Johnson, Shaquille O’Neal and Kobe Bryant.

1960 - Hollywood Walk of Fame opens with a star dedicated to Joanne Woodward embedded in the sidewalk.

1960 - Los Angeles hosts the national convention of the Democratic Party. John F. Kennedy is nominated to run for president.

1961 – Cleopatra, starring Elizabeth Taylor, becomes the first film to break the $10 million mark in production budget, and Twentieth Century Fox sells off its back lot to pay for it. This is to become Century City, now home to office towers, hotels and shopping.

1961 - The Chouinard Art Institute and Los Angeles Conservatory of Music merge to form California Institute of the Arts, the first degree-granting school for visual and performing arts in the United States. CalArts alumni include directors Tim Burton and Sofia Coppola, Pixar chief John Lasseter and actors Don Cheadle, Ed Harris and David Hasselhoff.

1962 - Dodger Stadium opens in Chavez Ravine. Many aficionados still call it the most beautiful stadium in baseball.

1962 - The space-age Theme Building opens as the centerpiece of Los Angeles International Airport.

1962 - The last of the Red Car trolleys ceases operation.

1962 - Heeeeere’s Johnny! Johnny Carson becomes host of NBC’s The Tonight Show. Although the show is first broadcast from New York, it later moves to Los Angeles, and Carson becomes synonymous with the city, peppering his monologues with numerous LA references.

1964 - The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion opens as the cornerstone of the Music Center of Los Angeles County. It is to serve as home to the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Los Angeles Opera and Music Center Dance, as well as several Oscar presentations.

1964 - The Whisky A Go Go opens. It will host musical acts including the Doors, Jimi Hendrix, the Who, Talking Heads, Oasis, Nirvana and Soundgarden.

1965 - The Los Angeles County Museum of Art opens. Today it is the largest art museum in the western United States, anchor of the Museum Corridor along Wilshire Boulevard’s Miracle Mile.

1965 - Restrictions are lifted on immigration from East Asia. Early days of Koreatown, along Wilshire Boulevard.

1965 - Dedication of Marina del Rey, the largest man-made pleasure boat harbor in the world. South of Venice, it is home to 6,000 private yachts.

1966 - Los Angeles Zoo opens in Griffith Park.

1966 - The Beach Boys release Good Vibrations, a No. 1 hit in the United States and UK and widely considered one of the most influential pop songs ever written.

1967 - Super Bowl I takes place at the historical Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

1967 - The Mark Taper Forum opens at the Music Center. It will be instrumental in the launch of successful new plays including Angels in America.

1967 - Opening of the Los Angeles Forum. The Los Angeles Kings hockey team plays its first games here.

1970 - Los Angeles’ first gay pride parade. Today it is the largest the United States; the parade and its festival draw over 350,000 attendees annually.

1972 - The South Bay Bike Trail is constructed, linking Pacific Palisades with Santa Monica, Venice, Marina del Rey and other beach cities, and turning the beach into even more of a recreation destination.

1973 - Tom Bradley becomes mayor of Los Angeles, the second African-American mayor of a major United States city. He is to serve as mayor for the next two decades.

1974 - The J. Paul Getty Museum moves to a recreated Roman villa on a hill overlooking the ocean in Malibu.

1974 - Nude sunbathing at Venice Beach gets national attention, before the Los Angeles City Council votes to outlaw it.

1975 - The George C. Page Museum opens adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits.

1975 – “Jaws,” a film by a young director named Steven Spielberg, inaugurates the age of the modern blockbuster.

1975 - Establishment of the Southern California Air Quality Management District. Air quality in the Los Angeles basin has improved steadily since, with ozone levels down to about one-third their 1975 levels.

1976 - Painting of the Great Wall of Los Angeles in the San Fernando Valley, the world’s longest mural at 2,500 feet. Los Angeles is the mural capital of the world, with over 1,500 wall paintings around the city.

1978 - The Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area is established. At over 153,000 acres, it is the world’s largest urban national park.

1979 - The Museum of Contemporary Art is founded, with one of the most comprehensive collections of late-20th-century art in the United States. Its main gallery (1986) is on Grand Avenue, designed by Arata Isozaki. MOCA galleries also include the Geffen Contemporary in Little Tokyo and MOCA West in West Hollywood.

1979 - The Laugh Factory opens on the Sunset Strip. Over the years, it will host every major North American standup comedian: Rodney Dangerfield, Chris Rock, Robin Williams, Adam Sandler, Roseanne Barr and more.

1980 - Los Angeles population: 3,005,072, surpassing Chicago as second in the nation.

1981 - Wolfgang Puck opens Spago on the Sunset Strip, inaugurating a new era of California cuisine and making LA a city of foodies.

1981 - The California African American Museum opens in temporary headquarters in Exposition Park. It moved to its permanent site in 1984.

1982 - The Raiders professional football team moves to Los Angeles from Oakland, California.

1982 - OUTFEST comes out, the first gay and lesbian film festival in the country, and the longest continuously running film festival in Los Angeles.

1982 – Fast Times at Ridgemont High, set at a fictional San Fernando Valley high school, makes stars of Sean Penn, Nicolas Cage and Jennifer Jason Leigh.

1982 - Legendary rock ‘n’ roller Frank Zappa and his daughter Moon Unit, like, record “Valley Girl.” It will become Zappa’s only top 40 hit.

1983 - Randy Newman releases “I Love L.A.,” which will become the city’s unofficial anthem. We love it!

1984 - Los Angeles becomes the first city in America with two telephone area codes, as the San Fernando and San Gabriel valleys are designated as 818.

1984 - A new international terminal opens at LAX, named for Mayor Tom Bradley. Today, some 30 airlines operate out of this terminal.

1984 - Los Angeles becomes the only American city ever to host the summer Olympic games twice.

1984 - The Mazda Miata is designed in Los Angeles. In addition to Mazda, Honda, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo and the "Big Three" U.S. automobile manufacturers all have design centers in LA.

1986 - Running on Olympic fever, the first City of Los Angeles Marathon takes place. It is the largest first-time marathon, at nearly 11,000 people.

1987 - Pope John Paul II visits Los Angeles. His activities include meeting with communications industry leaders and celebrating two outdoor masses.

1987 - James Ellroy’s The Black Dahlia is published, the first of his series of Los Angeles novels, which also includes L.A. Confidential.

1988 - The Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum opens.

1990 - US Bank Tower opens. At 73 stories, it remains the tallest building on the West Coast.

1990 - When the Metro Blue Line connects Downtown to Long Beach, light-rail for commuters returns to the Los Angeles area. It will be joined by four other subway/rail lines and busways.

1991 - Lakers star Magic Johnson retires, announcing that he is HIV-positive, giving HIV/AIDS a new platform and making it clear that this disease can affect anyone.

1991 - The 310 area code comes into use for western, southern and eastern Los Angeles.

1992 - Esa Pekka Salonen takes the baton as conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.

1992 - Opening of the Japanese-American National Museum in Little Tokyo, the only museum in the United States telling the story of Japanese Americans.

1992- Jay Leno takes over as host of The Tonight Show. Jaywalking begins.

1993 - The Museum of Tolerance opens in West LA. Although focused on the Nazi Holocaust, it also examines general issues of tolerance and racism.

1994 - The Petersen Automotive Museum opens on Museum Row.

1994 - The eyes of the world are focused on LA as football great O.J. Simpson is arrested for the murder of his wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman following a spectacular slow-speed car chase. “If it doesn’t fit, you must aquit” soon enters the American lexicon.
1994 - The FIFA World Cup is held at venues throughout the United States. The final match, won by Brazil, takes place at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena.

1996 - The first Los Angeles Times Festival of Books is held. It is now the largest book fair in America, with over 13,000 attendees and 370 writers in attendance.

1996 - The Skirball Cultural Center opens in Brentwood as a museum of Jewish history and culture.

1997 - The hilltop Getty Center opens with views of the entire Los Angeles Basin. Architect Richard Meier has created the buildings, with a façade of travertine marble, while the garden by Robert Irwin draws equal praise.

1998 - The area surrounding LA’s Downtown core is given the area code 323.

1999 - STAPLES Center arena opens, the new home for basketball and hockey teams and the beginning of a renaissance in Downtown Los Angeles.

2000 - A section of East Hollywood is designated as America’s first and only Thai Town. So many ethnic Thais live in Los Angeles (roughly 80,000), that the city is sometimes referred to as Thailand’s 77th province.
2001 - The Kodak Theatre opens as the new venue for the Academy Awards ceremony. Hollywood & Highland, a futuristic shopping mall that also has an eye toward Hollywood’s past, opens next door.

2002 - The 11-story Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels opens in the heart of Downtown, replacing St. Vibiana’s as the main center of worship for the archdiocese. The contemporary design by José Rafael Moneo has virtually no right angles and a plaza that evokes cathedrals of the Old World.
2003 - Walt Disney Concert Hall, designed by Los Angeles-based architect Frank Gehry, becomes a new architectural emblem for the city, and the acoustically perfect home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic.

2005 - Antonio Villaraigosa becomes mayor of Los Angeles, the city’s first mayor of Hispanic descent since 1872. After his election, Newsweek features him on the cover with the headline “Latino Power.”

2006 - The Getty Museum in Malibu reopens after years of renovation as the Getty Villa, housing the foundation’s significant collection of Greek, Roman and Etruscan antiquities.
2006 - The Griffith Observatory reopens after extensive renovations, including the Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater, named for the actor who played Mr. Spock on the original Star Trek series.

2006 - City population is 3,976,071. Los Angeles County population is 10,245,572, by far the nation’s largest county.

2008 - L.A. LIVE opens in Downtown Los Angeles and the Broad Contemporary Art Museum opens at LACMA.

2009 - Madame Tussauds opens in Hollywood, the Annenberg Space for Photography opens in Century City.

2010 - Angels Flight reopens, connecting the historic and financial districts of Bunker Hill.

2011 - In Downtown LA, La Plaza de Cultura y Artes opens across from the Olvera Street marketplace, and Dinosaur Hall opens at the Natural History Museum in Exposition Park.

2011 - The Los Angeles Philharmonic extends acclaimed music director Gustavo Dudamel's contract through the end of the 2018-2019 season, the orchestra's 100th year anniversary.

2012 - TransformersTM: The Ride-3D launches at Universal Studios Hollywood, and the Space ShuttleEndeavour goes on public display at the California Science Center.

Historical Timeline of Los Angeles

By: Vand Trussel
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Kendrick, NWA, and Gene Simmons

Kathleen Posted by Kathleen at April 11, 2016 19:25:14 April 11, 2016 19:25:14

You’re probably wondering what that irrelevant old dude is doing in the headline. Yes, I just called Gene Simmons irrelevant and old. KISS fans, come at me. We’ll get to the washed-up reality star and fan of Donald Trump in a minute.

First, NWA was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on Friday night. Fellow Compton native and hip-hop legend in the making Kendrick Lamar introduced the group with a beautiful speech that captured the essence and importance of NWA. He talked about growing up in Compton and how influential it was for him to see his surroundings articulated so honestly to the masses. DJ Yella, MC Ren, Ice Cube, Dr. Dre and to quote Kendrick, “the gatekeeper of reality rap,” the late Eazy-E were unlikely role models. They were dubbed ‘The Most Dangerous Group in America’ but to Kendrick, they were his “black superheroes.” My favourite part of his speech:

“The fact that a famous group can look just like one of us and dress like one of us, talk like one of us, proved to every single kid in the ghetto that you can be successful and still have importance while doing it.”

This is the thesis statement of NWA. This (and the music of course) is why we still talk about them today. This is why Kendrick Lamar is Kendrick Lamar. This is why their story is so compelling it became a critically acclaimed and box office dominating film I’ve seen six times.
All of the group’s living members were on hand to accept the honour from Kendrick. Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, DJ Yella and MC Ren each gave separate acceptance speeches but the one that is dominating headlines right now is Ren’s. He used part of his speech to call out Gene Simmons for his recent comments on the state of hip-hop.

Simmons told Rolling Stone that he was “looking forward to the death of rap” and stated, “rap will die” while criticising the group for being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame since in his opinion, their music isn’t rock. NWA is the fourth hip-hop act to be inducted into the Hall. They join Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Run-D.M.C., the Beastie Boys and Public Enemy. Jazz, soul, R&B and other traditionally ‘non-rock’ acts have also been inducted. The idea that hip-hop isn’t a form of music that should be respected or recognized is insulting, out-dated, wrong, stupid and makes whoever holds this belief sound like an out-of-touch grandparent rambling about the good ol’ days in the Antebellum South.

The fact that rappers still have to defend the genre and share headlines with idiots like Gene Simmons when all we should be doing is celebrating a group who got an honour they absolutely deserve pisses me off. While I love what Cube said in response to Simmons’ criticism during his speech, I hate that he had to say it in the first place:

“The question is, ‘Are we rock and roll?’ and I say ‘You goddamn right we rock and roll!’ Rock and roll is not an instrument — rock and roll is not even a style of music. Rock and roll is a spirit. A spirit that’s been going since the blues, jazz, bebop, soul, R&B, rock and roll, heavy metal, punk rock, and, yes, hip-hop.”

Simmons has since responded to Ice Cube’s amazing shutdown with a dumbass tweet so dumb, I’m not going to waste your time by acknowledging it. I’ll let NWA and Kendrick have the last word. The entire Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony doesn’t air until April 30th on HBO but their speeches are below.

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Sara and Iker’s baby

Lainey Posted by Lainey at October 16, 2013 18:08:21 October 16, 2013 18:08:21

Sara Carbonero and Iker Casillas are expecting a baby. Today Sara attended a promotional event in Madrid for ELLE. From the photos I’ve seen so far and attached here, there is no belly cupping.

God help me if I see a photo of Sara belly cupping. I don’t see her as a belly cupper at a photo wall. Sometimes she’s a hand on hip poser at a photo wall, though I wouldn’t say it’s excessive. Lately I feel like the hand on hipper pose is overused but maybe that’s because I’ve been influenced by Carey Mulligan. Whatever Carey Mulligan does is what to do.

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LampsUSA Madison Antique Face Wall Clock Black 38860
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Enjoy the stately presence of this 21" wall clock, showing off an antiqued face design and black frame and featuring a quartz movement.

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Atomic clocks receive a radio signal from the most accurate clock in the world, the cesium atomic clock, transmitted from the National Institute of Standards in Fort Collins, CO. The radio signal that covers the entire United States will keep your clock accurate to within one second over one million years. You'll never have to reset the clock, even for daylight-saving time!

The US Naval Observatory which operated 70 "atomic clocks" provided the following background information about these clocks: 'A cesium beam atomic clock uses the exact frequency emitted by atoms of the metallic element cesium. Today, cesium clocks measure frequency with an accuracy of one second in 1,400,000 years! It is the most accurate realization of a unit that mankind has yet achieved. A cesium clock operates by exposing cesium atoms to microwaves until they vibrate and counting the corresponding cycles as a measure of time.

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MICHAEL Morgan is ready to sweat blood and tears in memory of his girlfriend’s brother, who died two years ago.

Paul Nixon, of Huntington Road, Darwen, died in November 2011 aged 27, having been diagnosed with a rare sarcoma cancer in his thigh.

Since his death, his family have raised thousands of pounds to raise awareness of the disease that killed him.

And Michael, 24, boyfriend of Paul’s sister Leah, has begun training for Tough Mudder, a 12-mile obstacle course widely regarded as one of the most challenging physical events in the country.

Michael, of Bury Fold Lane, is raising money for Sarcoma UK.

The colour mixer for Surface Print in Clayton-le-Moors said: “I have always wanted to do something big, like a marathon, and a couple of my old school friends did Tough Mudder last year and I decided I wanted to do it.

“I have been training since before Christmas by doing the Insanity workout DVDs, as well as running and weight training.

“Having watched some of the YouTube videos of the race and seeing what people go through, I am feeling both nervous and excited about it.”

Michael and Leah were friends before Paul’s death and got together as a couple not long afterwards.

Paul and Leah’s mum Lynn said: “Michael has been very supportive and has helped Leah through a very difficult couple of years and I am very grateful to him.

“To go one step further and put himself through all this in memory of Paul is brilliant.

“Now we just need everyone to support Michael in his fundraising as we raise awareness of this terrible disease.”

The event is on September 13 at Cholmondeley Castle, Cheshire. To sponsor Michael, visit www. justgiving.co.uk/michael-morgan6 or text TSPC47 £(1,2,3,4,5 or 10) to 70070.


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#1 in Rural Real Estate Online
Philip Reid
Philip Reid
Westbound Real Estate

I-70 Visibility Hwy AA Frontage - 1 Acre

Hwy AA, Warrenton, Missouri 63383 - Warren County
$28,400 1 Acres
Property ID 2796038

Great laying parcel of land, close to I-70 just off the Northeast Service Road on Hwy AA. Many possibilities!

I-70 Visibility

Commercial potential

Open ground

Great laying parcel of land

Close to I-70

Warrenton School District

*Taxes $2,288 for 2014

I-70 west to the Warrenton exit #193 . Turn right and make an immediate right onto the Northeast Service Road. Proceed approximately 1/2 mile to Hwy AA on the left and continue to the property on the right. Watch for the Westbound Real Estate sign.

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Philip Reid

Westbound Real Estate

21 N. Stringtown Road
Foristell, MO 63348

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#1 in Rural Real Estate Online
Nelson Farm & Ranch Properties
Nelson Farm & Ranch Properties

US 277, Wingate, Texas 78028 - Taylor County
$307,824 171.49 Acres
Property ID 2862356

Located on Highway 277, near Wingate, this ranch recreational property is rolling, native pastureland with live oaks. Improvements include a set of cattle pens, a hunting blind, feeder and good fences. Water resources include 2 tanks and rural water. There is a nice cleared area which isa perfect location to build a home, complete with electricity and wateravailability.There is a deep pond which is rubber-lined to prevent seepage. Call for additional information. This property is offered at $1,795 per acre. (T386)

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Nelson Farm & Ranch Properties

4481 S. Treadaway
Abilene, TX 79602

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HP Pavilion DV6z-1000 CTO Battery Replacement (6-cell Li-Ion) #485041-001

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HP Pavilion DV6z-1000 CTO Battery Replacement (6-cell Li-Ion)

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HP Pavilion DV6z-1000 CTO Battery Replacement, 10.8V, 4400mAh, 6-cell, 47Wh

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Hotel La Solara Sorrento 4 star hotel

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From our 4 star hotel in Sorrento, after the load of energy with the breakfast buffet, you can leave to discover two gems just a few miles from the Best Western Hotel La Solara: Naples and the island of Capri.

What to see in Naples

  • Spaccanapoli, that is the road that goes from the Spanish Quarter to Forcella district cutting in a straight line the city of Naples. The ancient palaces, churches, legends and the unmistakable scents of Neapolitan cuisine will better express the soul of the city.
  • The Royal Palace, you cannot miss the royal apartments, the Royal Chapel, the gardens and the Theatre of the court.
  • Archaeological Museum, one of the most important in the world for the quality and quantity of art that it hosts.
  • Veiled Christ in the Cappella San Severo, a place full of esoteric and religious symbols.
  • The ancient Bourbon Royal Palace of Capodimonte museum houses works of great masters of painting: Botticelli , Goya , Titian and Caravaggio.

From the port of Marina Piccola in Sorrento many hydrofoil will take you in a few minutes to beautiful Capri, where you can admire the Faraglioni and the Blue Grotto, walk among the historic homes of Anacapri, climb Mount Solaro and enjoy a coffee or an aperitif in the Piazzetta.

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Soccer Pitches 5-0 Shutout for Third Straight Win

Sept. 22, 2013

Final Stats |  Photo Gallery

RUSTON - The Louisiana Tech soccer team pitched their third straight shutout in a 5-0 victory over Southern on Sunday evening at the Lady Techster Soccer Complex.

A starting XI made up of all freshmen for LA Tech (5-4-1) overpowered SU (1-6-1) in what was the final nonconference match of the season for the Lady Techsters.

"We had lots of opportunities," head coach Kevin Sherry said. "Today was a perfect chance for us to work at our technique. Hopefully this gives [the freshmen] more experience and more repetition of the right technique, and hopefully we will keep improving it."

The match was scoreless 16 minutes in until sophomore Erica Stewart entered to give LA Tech its first goal of the day in the 21st minute. It was Stewart's first goal of the season as Kathryn Sloan delivered a cross into the penalty box which was chipped by Kailee Hervey directly to Stewart who had the open net.

LA Tech tacked on one more goal in the first period off the foot of Nicole Jaquemet in the 38th minute, her first of the season as well. Hannah Dauzat pushed a through ball between two Southern defenders and Jaquemet beat the keeper to the left corner.

At halftime, the Techsters held a 14-0 shot advantage, but the pressure would continue through the second period as they tallied three more goals.

Jaquemet scored her second goal in the 51st minute after goalkeeper Kylee Seto kicked a long ball to Taylor Douglas at midfield who pooched a long ball over Southern's backline. Jaquemet then beat the keeper one-on-one.

Three minutes later, Sloan notched her team-leading fifth goal of the season when she dribbled around a defender in the box and knocked the ball into the left corner to give LA Tech a 4-0 advantage.

The final goal came in the 81st minute on Stewart's second netter of the day. Brittany Beddow took a short touch off a corner kick to Stewart who hit the upper right corner from 20 yards out.

The LA Tech backline did not allow a single shot by Southern. Seto earned the shutout win in goal.

Coming off a seven-match road swing, the Lady Techsters hit the road again as they begin Conference USA action with 7 p.m. kick at Tulsa on Friday, Sept. 27.

For complete coverage of LA Tech Soccer, please follow @LATechSOC on Twitter or visit the official home of Louisiana Tech Athletics at www.LATechSports.com.

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Recipe: Clementine Bakery's banana cake

Los Angeles Times Staff Writer

Dear SOS: Is it possible to find the recipe for Clementine's banana cake with frosting?

It is moist but not too dense. It almost tastes like banana bread with frosting, but every time I try it that way it comes out like a brick with mortar. Thanks.

~ Anne Carlock, Santa Monica

Dear Anne: The secret to this recipe is pastry flour (not cake flour) for a noticeably light crumb and the combination of very ripe bananas and a little buttermilk for rich flavor and super-moist texture. It's delicious topped with a little freshly whipped cream cheese frosting.

Clementine Bakery's banana cakeTotal time: 1 hour, 20 minutes Servings: 12 Note: From Clementine Bakery in Century City. Pastry flour is available at baking and cooking supply stores. Banana cake2 2/3 cups pastry flour 2 2/3 cups sugar 3/4 teaspoon baking powder 1 1/2 teaspoons baking soda 1 teaspoon kosher salt 3 large or 4 small very ripe bananas 3 eggs 1/2 cup buttermilk 3/4 cup canola oil 1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract 1. Heat the oven to 350 degrees. Into a large bowl sift together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda and salt. 2. In the bowl of a stand mixer, or in a large bowl with a hand mixer, mash the bananas. Mix in the eggs, one at a time, until each is completely incorporated, then mix in the buttermilk, oil and vanilla. Finally, mix the dry ingredients into the batter just until thoroughly combined. 3. Pour into a 9-by-13-inch greased pan. Bake for 35 to 40 minutes, until golden-brown on top, a toothpick inserted comes out clean and the cake springs back when lightly touched. Cool on a rack. Cream cheese frosting and assembly 1 cup plus 1 1/2 tablespoons cream cheese, at room temperature 5 tablespoons butter, room temperature 1/2 cup powdered sugar 2 tablespoons sour cream In the bowl of a stand mixer, or in a medium bowl with a hand mixer, beat the cream cheese until smooth and there are no lumps. Add the butter and whip until incorporated, then add the powdered sugar and the sour cream. Frost the top of the cooled cake, then slice and serve. Each serving: 580 calories; 7 grams protein; 79 grams carbohydrates; 4 grams fiber; 29 grams fat; 9 grams saturated fat; 90 mg. cholesterol; 375 mg. sodium.

Copyright © 2017, Los Angeles Times


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Brazil Miner Lifts Euro Financing Hopes

Mar 18, 2010

Vale’s success in the euro market this week fuels expectations of more LatAm bond deals to come from Europe. “This deal shows that the euro market is open and there’s a very attractive basis swap,” says a banker on Vale. The Brazil-based...

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5 Takeaways from the Dodgers' Season-Opening Series

5 Takeaways from the Dodgers' Season-Opening Series
Jon SooHoo/LA Dodgers

That was just so Dodgers. From the pomp, circumstance and exhilaration of Opening Day to the shoulder dropping, ground ball dropping of back-to-back losses to the rival San Francisco Giants.

Here are five takeaways from the Dodgers' first three games:

5. The team is going to have its struggles with the bat. There will be times, like in this first series, where they will frustrate with men on base, they'll frustrate without men on base and they'll just plain suck at the plate.

They're going to miss Hanley Ramirez. Their best hitters will look like incompetents. They'll load the bases with nobody out and the first thing you're going to say to yourself is, "How are they gonna bleep this up, and how quickly will it lead to zero runs scored?" The second thing you'll say is, "$230 million payroll, $90 million payroll, I ain't seeing no difference!"

If it's an early season trend -- and no, three games doesn't count as a trend -- panic will set in. In some quarters it already has. #TwitterBaseballFansRMostImpatientPeopleOnEarth.

Los Angeles hit an astoundingly bad 2-27 with runners in scoring position in the series, and managed just 1-14 on that stat last night (that's an .071 average, if you're scoring).

But they're just being the Dodgers. They do this. They've always done this and they always will do this. At times. And it's absolutely meaningless.

Matt Kemp, he of the 0-10 start, including that double play ball with the bases jammed and no one out in the sixth (translation: one run plated during the inning instead of a bunch, S.F. over L.A., 5-3) had the words of wisdom ready go. Kemp, according to the Los Angeles Times said, "It's just three games, I'm not panicking. This won't be the last time I have a bad series, I promise you that. It's baseball."

It's baseball. Precisely. Out of the mouths of babes, huh?

The Dodgers are going to hit eventually, possibly soon, and in general they'll be an average to above-average team with the bat. But at times they're going to have you pulling your hair out, screaming to the heavens for support. In fact, you might want to save yourself the scalp pain and shave your head right now. Women included.

4. Josh Beckett doesn't throw 98 miles per hour anymore, and you're going to be hearing about it until you're Dodger Blue in the face. Beckett will be 33 next month, has 1,898 career innings under his belt, and apparently, like the Dodgers losing two out of three to the Giants, it's the end of the world as we know it.

Except, Beckett is a veteran pitcher, a smart guy -- a World Series hero -- and knows what he's doing. Pitchers have been losing mph on their fastballs as they age for what, 125 years? He still hits 90 and 91 on most of his heaters and he's going to adjust. It may take some time to get there, but Beckett's going to adjust. He's going to pitch six and seven innings an outing, keep his club in the game and be a better-than-serviceable middle-of-the-rotation starter. Next.

3. Don Mattingly is going to use his reserves. We've seen two shortstops, two third basemen, two second basemen and two left fielders. Probably a second catcher over the weekend. And it's a good thing. The skipper is getting his guys in games. One or two of them may be in the minor leagues or out of baseball soon enough, but essentially this is what Donnie has to work with. And he's handling the roster perfectly. Nothing to worry about here.

2. The Giants are a good team. Accept it. They are not, however, a great team, and they're going to struggle with the bats as badly as the Dodgers. Worse, actually. San Francisco has two great hitters -- Buster Posey and Pablo Sandoval -- and Sandoval might be on shelf with elbow issues soon enough. Or they might send him to a Pritikin center to get hold of that waistline, once and for all.

But the Giants are a good team, built to battle the Dodgers April through September. And the Dodgers will battle back, with 16 more chances to make their mark. You can panic if that's what gets you through the night, but the first three games out of 162 is an indicator of three games out of 162. Nothing more.

1. Clayton Kershaw is a god. But we've covered that already.

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Law School Discussion

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Messages - khlaw

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Is it Friday yet?

Not yet, but I'll let you know if I change my mind after I receive my score.   ;)

I felt pretty confident in the beginning, but the longer I wait, the more I'm worrying.   :(

From everything I've heard, it looks like we will be getting our scores at some point on Friday.

I may consider asking a couple of different professors for LOR's. just to be on the safe side.

Law School Admissions / Re: resume question
« on: February 28, 2011, 04:30:23 PM »
I didn't include a cover letter with mine.

Incoming 1Ls / Re: General Question...Personality for Law School
« on: February 27, 2011, 07:05:08 PM »
I think the most important factors when deciding whether or not to attend law school are how interested you are in a career in law and the extent of your dedication.  While some personality types may be better suited for what law school and a career in law entails, I think it ultimately comes down to what you want and how hard you are willing to work for it.

Incoming 1Ls / Re: Buying books from Amazon/
« on: February 26, 2011, 09:21:55 PM »
I purchased most of my undergrad books from and never had any problems.  I did always check with the sellers to ensure the ISBN and the edition was the one I needed.

Studying for the LSAT / Re: February 2011 LSAT score
« on: February 26, 2011, 09:02:18 PM »
I love your thinking, lawstudent2011!  As a matter of fact, there was a guy sitting next to me who seemed to finish each section within 5 minutes.  As for the drooling, I didn't look for fear the proctor would think I was cheating.   ;)

Studying for the LSAT / Re: February 2011 LSAT score
« on: February 26, 2011, 02:27:25 PM »
lol  Maybe everyone but me had their score canceled. Maybe I should have.   :P

Pages: [1] 2


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Classical Education

For the first three centuries of North American history students were taught using the classical method.  This style of learning dates back to the reign of Charlemagne in Europe, which was modeled after the Roman method, which was copied from the Greeks.  It has a long history and a proven one.  Most of the greatest thinkers and statesman, business moguls, and inventors were taught using this method.  In Europe this method was reserved for the wealthy elite who could afford to send their sons to expensive schools and hire tutors for their daughters.  In America the method was for everyone and led to a public about who Alexis de Tocqueville remarked:

“There is hardly a pioneer’s hut which does not contain a few odd volumes of Shakespeare. I remember reading the feudal drama of Henry V for the first time in a log cabin.”

In a nutshell the classical method involves learning lots of facts in order to create a framework, a bedrock, a foundation upon which to stand and then learning to express oneself effectively and finally actually understanding and discussing the great (and not so great) ideas of the past and present.  These three goals are met through a method called the Trivium.

The youngest students, about age 6 to 9, are in the grammar stage.  Grammar means the basics, the foundation.  They learn to read, write, and do basic math, but also cover a great deal of history, science, geography and other facts about the world in a broad manner.

The second age group, from about 10 to 13, are in the dialectic stage.  At this stage they continue to read a great deal and learn facts about the world, but they also learn more advanced forms of expressing their ideas about those facts.  They begin to learn to write persuasively and to discuss what they have read.

The third age group, from roughly 14 to 18, are in the rhetoric stage, the stage where you apply all the ideas and facts to yourself.  The teacher at this stage is a guide.  Kids study upper level math, advanced writing and speaking, high level sciences, and the Great Books (which fill the literature, writing, geography and history portions of a curriculum).  The teacher discusses the Great Books with the student and helps them come to their own conclusions–the student may never know what the teacher thinks.

So Rome fell?  The grammar stage teaches you the facts of the Fall of Rome, the Dialectic stage teaches you how to write and understand what others have written about the Fall of Rome, the Rhetoric stage teaches you how to dismiss what everybody else has written about the fall of Rome, make your own conclusions, and figure out what it has to do with you.

In short a classical education is rigorous, liberal (meaning covering many topics), and truly teaches a person to think, not to merely regurgitate facts.  This method is not merely useful for students who plan to go into philosophy, it is for anyone who desires to be adaptable, teachable, and intelligent in decision making for their whole life.

To teach kids this way, you choose basic math, grammar, and writing programs then you add in the history, science, geography, and arts in a four year rotation.  The first year you teach earth science/astronomy, ancient history, world geography, and drawing skills.  The second year you teach biology, medieval history, world geography, and art and music appreciation.  The third year you teach chemistry, renaissance/colonial history, world geography, and more arts.  The fourth year you teach physics, modern history, American (or your countries) geography, and again more arts.  Then you repeat the whole cycle for the middle grades and again for the high school years, each time increasing in amount of work and difficulty of subject matter.

There are several books devoted to implementing a classical education in practical terms.  My favorites are The Well-Trained Mind and A Thomas Jefferson Education.

Karen and I are developing the Layers of Learning program that borrows heavily from the classical method, as well as grabbing bits and pieces from other methods of learning.  Our program will cover the history, science, geography, and arts portions of the program and give recommendations about what to use for math, grammar, literature, writing, foreign language and so on for the K through 12th.

I’ve also created a printable list of materials to use in teaching the Classical Method.  The list includes mostly secular materials, but also Christian ones, which are labeled as such.  Secular materials allow for the parent to add in their philosophy and religious beliefs as appropriate.  Materials were chosen based on how well written and complete they are, their ease of use for the parent/teacher, their kid appeal, and cost.  Really great but super expensive programs got the ax from this list.

No materials are listed for religious/ethics studies since there is such diversity among families in this regard, but we do think this topic should be a regular part of your education, though  it can be accomplished in the evening during family time rather than during school time if you wish.

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4 Responses to Classical Education

  1. Dave Justus says:

    It seems that this ignores any history but that of Europe and the United States. While I don't have any problem with having a good grounding of this history, it seems that the rest of the world should be covered at some point.

    I would also recommend some practical computer skills, obviously that isn't classical, but learning the discipline and precision required to make a computer perform as expected is a valuable skill, even if you don't end up writing code for a living. It is also a good way to apply logic, mathematics and even art. At the very least, I think anyone who wants to be considered educated in the modern world should be able to type (although admittedly technology may change that requirement).

    While the great books are worthy, they pale in comparison to the vast stores of human knowledge we have available today. Learning to access and search that information is another valuable skill, although much of what you write about has direct applications to this.

  2. Michelle says:

    Actually when you use history encyclopedias as your "outline" of a course of study (from grades 1 through 8), you hit on the history of the whole earth. But yes, the European and American history are definitely the only ones represented in the Great Books Study. The companion history book though does cover the history of other parts of the world.

    As for other books/writings from other parts of the world or times the great books deal with philosophical issues that are always relevant, not technological or scientific facts that are developing. You still have a standard science education throughout–actually much more thorough than most methods.

    Adding a computer programming or operating course to the curriculum would certainly enhance it. As for typing, by the time a kid hits HS they should be typing most of their work. Typing instruction programs are easy to find and use as well.

    Over the next couple of weeks, we'll highlight several other styles of education that are popular today. They all have their pros and cons and they all have the potential to give a student a well-rounded thorough education. Hopefully parents or educators are deciding their methods based on what works best for the child and the teacher. They can do that better if they have some idea of the options out there.

  3. Michelle says:

    Do you have any specific recommendations for a computer application course that would be user friendly for parents or teachers who don't know the subject themselves? I'd really love to hear it.

  4. Dave Justus says:

    I don't know of any specific courses. I mostly picked up my computer knowledge on my own, so actual formal training is a mystery to me. I would suggest either Visual Basic or just HTML coding as a good place to start. I know their are books and resources online. HTML coding (perhaps moving into doing some Java or PHP scripting.) The language itself doesn't matter to much, in all likelihood what is being used today won't be in 10 years, but the methods of thought and even just the concept that you can handle computers is invaluable.

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Egyptian Statue Rotates On It’s Own In Museum

On June 22, 2013 by Lazer Horse

mumrah- egyptian statue moves on its own Manchester university

The curse of the mummy is real after all. Well, no. But this is a pretty cool video. It’s taken in the Manchester Museum, where there’s a great Egyptology section and features a statue of Neb-Senu which remains still at night but slowly rotates during the day.

Of course some people are inferring witch craft/ voodoo/ curse stuff. But Brian Cox (who was asked to comment for some reason) is backing the idea that it’s some kind of vibration/friction thing as people walk by. (I’m going with an alien theory of course).

The statue itself is in a glass case, so no one is moving it physically, that’s what alerted staff in the first place and inspired them to pop a time lapse camera in there to check it out.

Have a look, it’s kind of creepy but not really:

@media all and (max-width: 228px) { div#darkbackground, div.visiblebox { display: none; } }


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Trending Sources

Case Study: When to Drop an Unprofitable Customer

Harvard Business Review

Editor's Note: This fictionalized case study will appear in a forthcoming issue of Harvard Business Review, along with commentary from experts and readers. I'm flattered by such an august delegation," Steve said. Current Interactive Case Study CustomersHe wasn't looking forward to this visit. "Oh, In London.

P&L 3

The Trouble with Control

Great Leadership By Dan

And it’s not just the nemesis of new, inexperience managers who are nervous and learning to use their delegation skills. C’mon. Get it?

Make Sure Your Team’s Workload Is Divided Fairly

Harvard Business Review

Delegating work to your team may sound like a straightforward task of management, but, in fact, it’s complicated. ” Morgenstern suggests setting aside one or two hours at the end of each week for “delegation strategy and review.” Delegation Leading teams Developing employees Digital Article

Why Aren't You Delegating?

Harvard Business Review

But there is: delegation. Delegation is a critical skill. Delegation benefits managers, direct reports, and organizations. A 2007 study on time management found that close to half of the 332 companies surveyed were concerned about their employees' delegation skills. Understand why you're not delegating.

Managing Across Generations: Leadership Coaching Success Story

Create Learning

Leadership Coaching & Development Case Study from the Exponent Leadership Process. “I Managing Across Generations. Situation.

FAQ 24

Don't Like Your Job? Change It (Without Quitting)

Harvard Business Review

Some people make radical moves; others make small changes" in how they delegate or schedule their day, Wrzesniewski says. Case Study #1: Integrate your interests into the job. Still most of his tasks — managing schedules, developing contracts, reviewing documentation — involved working alone. Look at yourself.

How to Manage a Perfectionist

Harvard Business Review

In many cases, this compulsive behavior can be the thorn in the side of a great performer. "I They tend to be impatient with or hypercritical of others and they're not good at delegating. "On Case Study #1: Find a better job fit. Case Study #2: Redirect the focus. Do you have a perfectionist on your team?

How to Boost Your Team’s Productivity

Harvard Business Review

The key to improving individual productivity is to eliminate or delegate unimportant tasks and replace them with value-added ones, says Cohen.

Planning Maternity or Paternity Leave: A Professional’s Guide

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About two weeks before your leave is over, Williams recommends calling your boss to set up a one-hour meeting to review your transition-back plan.

Make Your Work Resolutions Stick

Harvard Business Review

If, for instance, your goal is to reduce your micro-managerial tendencies, explain to your team that you will be delegating more often. Share.

How to Respond When Your Employee Asks for a Raise

Harvard Business Review

Make your case clearly and back up your arguments with as much information as you’ve got. One of your direct reports wants more money.

How to Get Feedback When You're the Boss

Harvard Business Review

Ask for feedback on a regular basis, not just at review time. When someone tells you, "You run our team meetings really well," or "You don't delegate enough," follow up by asking for an example. One way to get around this is by doing a 360-degree review or using a coach to gather feedback anonymously. What the Experts Say.

Stop Procrastinating.Now

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Asking someone to review your work can spur you to get started knowing they will expect it. Case study #1: Know why. Case study #2: Keep it top of mind. But since she had no one to delegate the project to, she decided to make progress on it in small increments. Procrastination is not inevitable.

The Big Picture of Business- Professional Education Necessary for Company Success

Strategy Driven

Team building must be part of the corporate Vision first, not as a series of exercises delegated to trainers. Studying. Learning. Wisdom.


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SEO Link Building – Free SEO Tutorial (Part 3)

In this tutorial, my aim is to cover everything you need to know about SEO link building, including ways to build backlinks and common questions you may have.

Before I begin, let’s me quickly go through some fundamentals.

– Link building is about building links FROM other websites to YOUR website, not from YOUR website to OTHER websites. You may laugh, but many newbies can’t even get this idea right.

– Next fundamental. In the SEO world, we often use the word backlink, which refers to links from OTHER websites TO your website. If you link to other websites, that’s NOT a backlink to you.

– Last fundamental. SEO link building is not just about building backlinks. It’s about building SEO backlinks. (Read this article on the difference between a backlink and an SEO backlink.)

Once you are clear on the fundamentals, let’s move on to the exciting part……

Ways To Build Backlinks

1) Google’s answer to link building

Officially, Google wants you to create great contents and/or services in your website, so that people can see the value in your website and link to you.

If you strictly follow this strategy, it may take you a long time before you can see any result.

But there are ways to accelerate the process and I shall list them below:

– Create link bait. For example, write an article on 101 ways to do something or a long list of resources. This kind of article will usually arouse people’s interest within your niche and thus link to that article. If you have a blog, put your link bait article in the Popular Article listing. The idea is to get more people to read that article and link to it.

– Provide a useful online application on your website, so that people will naturally link to you in their blogs or forums.

– Distribute free templates or scripts of any kind, such as WordPress theme, website template, free script, free plugin etc, with a backlink to website. When people use them, they will have to link to you.

The rest of the methods are not recommended by Google. But they are proven to work and are very likely to continue working for many years to come.

2) Effective textbook ways to build backlinks

Just pick up any SEO ebook and you’ll see these link building strategies:

– Distribute articles to article directories, aka article marketing.

– Post comments in blogs.

– Post in forums.

– Create pages in Blogspot, Squidoo, Hubpages and other social networking sites.

– Adding stories to Digg, Propeller and other social bookmarking sites.

– Press release.

– Submit your link to non-reciprocal link directories.

– Exchange links with friends or other webmasters, through article exchange or blogroll exchange. Though Google doesn’t like reciprocal links, reciprocal links still count. Just don’t over do it. What Google frowns is EXCESSIVE reciprocal links.

3) Other seldom-mentioned but effective ways to build backlinks

– Create accounts in social networking sites and membership sites that show your profile in public (there are thousands of them out there, with high PR) and include backlinks in your profile. You can create as many accounts as you like. (This method is extremely spammy, but it works.)

– Create your own linking network within your domains. This is applicable to those with lots of domains. You can divide your domains into groups and cross link them. Just make sure that they are not reciprocal links. (This method can be very powerful!)

– Create a simple software and submit it to hundreds of software directories, with a backlink to your website. Most software directories have high PR. These are great backlinks for you.

4) Buy links

Although Google says “do not buy links”, buying links still work. If you want backlinks from high PR web pages (not website), buying links seems to be the only option for most people.

But use it at your own risk. I doubt Google has an algorithm to catch you. In most cases, websites are caught because someone reports it to Google.

5) Participate in link building systems

– Link exchange networks

This is the earliest form of link building system, where webmasters create a link directory on their websites and link to one another. Such links are categorized under reciprocal links (i.e. I link to you, you link to me).

This kind of link building system is infamous and Google hates it because it doesn’t provide any value other than boosting search engine ranking.

There are rumours that Google ignores exchanged links (or reciprocal links). I doubt it. Google may discount reciprocal links, but it doesn’t ignore such links.

Honestly, I am not a fan of link exchange and have never tried any. My advice is stay away from such networks because there are better and safer linking systems out there.

– 3-way link networks

Instead of “I link to you, you link to me”, 3-way link networks work by linking A to B, B to C and C back to A. To Google, these are not reciprocal links.

This is my preferred link building network and I have used it for years. The only downside is such a linking network can only build backlinks to the homepage. If you want to build backlinks to internal pages, aka deep linking, you’ll have to resort to the 3rd option.

– Content syndication system

In such a system, you will post articles to a network of blogs or websites within the system. You can view this as another form of article marketing, except that the submission process is much simplified since you are doing it through a centralized system. This is my favorite link building strategies because I can build unlimited backlinks to unlimited web pages.

Common Questions About Link Building

1) Do nofollow links count?

No. Here’s what Matt Cutts, head of Google’s Webspam team, wrote “The essential thing you need to know is that nofollow links don’t help sites rank higher in Google’s search results.”

So when you build links, make sure that that link is not a nofollow link. You can easily identify nofollow links using Firefox plugins such as SearchStatus.

2) Do links from PR 0 sites count?

Yes. There is a myth going around saying that links from PR 0 sites don’t count. It’s a myth. What doesn’t count is if that link is from a web page that is NOT indexed by Google. If a web page is indexed by Google, it doesn’t matter whether the web page has PR 0 or PR 10. They will all help in your search engine ranking, but to different degrees of course.

Some experts say you should only post articles to popular article directories. I say NO. Distribute your articles to as many article directories as possible. I’ve gotten websites into top search results solely through article marketing alone. All links count, even if they have no PR.

3) Do links from unrelated contents count?

Yes. This is another common myth. Links from related content MAY score better, but links from unrelated links definitely counts.

4) Do links from duplicated contents count?

Yes. Links from unique contents MAY score better, but links from duplicated contents definitely count.

The only concern here is because the content is duplicated, Google may not index that the web page. As I said, links from un-indexed pages do not count.

“Kenneth, are you trying to say  Google penalizes duplicated contents?”

I wouldn’t say Google penalize duplicated contents. What happen is when Google indexes many web pages with the same content, it will only show some of the web pages and keep the rest in its sandbox. The priority usually goes to those websites with high PR. So let’s say you distribute an article to 300 article directories, probably only 200 of them are indexed. The other 100 may not be indexed and thus those links are not counted.

5) What is the relationship between PageRank and link building?

Technically, PageRank (PR) is like a vote. If a web page with high PR links to your web page, that link will carry more votes and thus add more to the PR of your web page. 0 PR doesn’t mean that web page carries no vote, it just carries lesser votes.

One thing to note is PageRank is web page specific. A PR 8 website doesn’t mean all its web pages have PR 8. So if you happen to buy links, make sure you pay for links from web pages with high PR, not just websites with high PR.

6) When submitting to link directories, can I go for reciprocal link option?

If you have done submissions to link directories, you will know that there are 3 options, free, reciprocal and paid. Don’t go for the reciprocal option. This is because over time, some of these directories may close down and you may end up having lots of bad links on your website, which can harm you SEO ranking and even get your website delisted.

I think I have more or less covered all you need to know about SEO link building. If you have other question about link building, just post your question below.

Share your thoughts

    1. Jimmy R Williams

      There are so many variables that encompass SEO that it is not even funny. One may focus to make sure they have H1 keyword place, some may ensure to optimize images, one may focus on trying to outrank their competitors for a particular keyword. One of the key things has to be consistency and persistence in building your web pages and doing proper SEO.

  1. Niranjan Ranade

    Learning a lot at this valuable Blog. Link building is a time consuming process where quality is as important as quantity. Article marketing has been the most favorite way of almost all Gurus to get more back links over a period of time.
    Unique quality niche content + onpage and offpage SEO + backlinks = Organic Traffic :)

  2. Francisco

    Great post…

    I’ve learn a lot about SEO in the past, and some things seems to be a myth nowadays. There are people that says Google is going to penalize you if you this or you do that.

    Unique content + Honest backlinks = front page of Google

  3. Kim

    Kenneth, thank you again for another fantastic post. I really appreciate how much you are willing to share. I will have to say that a high PR webpage, not just site, does seem to help with your PR in my experience. I also feel that .edu and .gov probably have more value than others.

  4. Make Money Typing

    Kenneth, thanks for your tips again.

    I fully agree with you on the following.

    “What happen is when Google indexes many web pages with the same content, it will only show some of the web pages and keep the rest in its sandbox. The priority usually goes to those websites with high PR.”

    Hence if we have a new website, I would usually prepare another set of unique articles for article marketing.

    What’s always in my mind is, how does search engine consider a web page as “unique”? 10% 50% or 70% uniqueness?

  5. Joel Canepa

    Wow, it is apparent you spent some quality time putting that article together. Your efforts are much appreciated, and although I have been using a number of your methods for years, I always seem to learn something new from your articles.

    You are appreciated!

  6. Dave

    Hi Ken,
    I’m a newbie as you call it. I really hope that you read this comment. I didn’t know that linking from the other website was better than the other way around because the way the net is NOBODY told me until just now. I doesn’t mean that i am stupid just ignorant. There is a difference. The way you framed what you said made me that way”stupid” I think that there is a better way of saying it than the way you did. Remember when you started did you know? I am sure that you didn’t. I noticed this type of attitude before in some of your other articles. I personally don’t like it. I understand that sometimes you need to repeat yourself many times but maybe its good to put a link or a faq where common question like this one can be answered in detail so that no one has to be ignorant anymore. We all learn at different rates and different ways, visual, written so you need to make allowances for that. Other than that your articles was written well it covered the material and was tightly focused.

  7. Baby Care

    Thank you Ken for the in depth explanation. It really does help to have someone in the know explain in detail what does and what does not work when it comes to link building.

  8. submit url free

    Hi Friends

    Google is Best and Top Search Engine, We know that But not everyone from us know How can get traffic and visitor from Google.

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    Sometimes it takes weeks to months for Google to crawl your new website. I am putting here a list of 5 best methods to make your site get indexed within hours, which I follow whenever I launch a new website.

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  9. Rohn smith

    These are really very nice tutorial for beginner.I knew each and every thing still i enjoyed reading your articles.I like the way you represent the knowledge is awesome ..

  10. Mario

    The SEO subject is a real hard one to get right. there is always something new in every article I read. I will certainly re-read the articles you are preparing to reap better benefits. Thanks.

  11. Keith Ong

    Hello EveryOne,

    I am not sure if this happens to everyone here as well as Kenneth.

    My adsense earnings have tremendously gone down for the past 3-4 days.

    I am now making only 10% of the amount I usually made.

    So sad about this. Does this happen to you people?

    1. Kenneth Koh Post author

      December is typically my worst month every year. Income drop by 10-20% (not to 10%). I reckon that’s because most of my sites are health related and when it comes to holiday season, people are not interested in their health. But interestingly, there will usually be a surge in January. That’s when people drink and eat too much and start getting lots of problem again. LOL.

      1. Keith Ong

        Yes, you are right. December is usually a good niche for presents and gifts due to XMas season.

        I read some articles on the net which says about smart pricing. That big G is rather particular about sites with low CTR (which consequently affect the entire account). Another saying about smart pricing is that big G expects the clicks in their ads to convert well (to prevent social traffic and click frauds). Which means they expect the clicks to lead to sales so that the advertisers will come back for more in long terms.

        Kenneth, how is your views on this? I understand this thing can get very long hence I hope you can cover in future topics if possible.

        Smart Pricing is something I learnt today after a year in adsense. Hence I hope it can be educated to others so that they can learn it the soonest.

  12. Matt Cromie

    Hi great post on link building, I have found all your posts to be truthful and minus bull, can I ask where to get the code to have a floating footer ad banner like you have.

  13. Women's clothes

    In regards to the nofollow link, I think it still count as a link. I am saying this because I do see links that are nofollow on my google webmaster tool. But I guess it doesn’t have much weight as a dofollow link.

  14. Benjamin Huebner

    Very useful informations you giving away here!

    Great Blog and high quality content!

    There is only one way to build Links you don´t mentioned here :

    You can use RSS feeds to build backlinks to your website. Just submit them to several SS directories!

  15. Website Link Building

    Search engines have always been the primary way of finding information on the internet.Furthermore, these engines all worked very similarly, listing their results based mostly on website content and keyword use.A new search engine arose, one with the curious name of Google. Google decided that the current way of finding the best results was lacking.

    1. Kenneth Koh Post author

      It’s better to spin them. I don’t have proof but I got a feeling that links received from the same content are devalued.

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    Put up is nicely written and it contains many good things for me. I’m glad to search out your impressive manner of writing the post. Now it turn out to be straightforward for me to grasp and implement the concept. Wonderful post. Keep it up and thanks on your share! Thank you very much.

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  23. santa cruz real estate

    This are some great tips to link building. One of the main things I have found that is important is relevence of link

  24. ken ugwo

    Hi Ken,
    Thanks for this training information atleast now I have to watch my sources of backlink as I have been told to buy lots of programme that will boost my backlink, if that will get me into trouble with google then am better off doing it my own way.

  25. Sandria

    Amazing Article!! I was looking for some information on seo and backlink process that can throw some light on my knowledge. I wanted to know how to get backlinks and how can it be beneficial. thanks for the post!!

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#5MinuteFiction Week Fourteen WINNER!

It’s always nice to see a win by a noob. 😉

This was the first week that That Neil Guy, @ThatNeilGuy joined us and he’s recorded a resounding win.

I particularly loved his entry as I do not attempt to disguise my very decided Vulcan preference or how much I would love to be Vulcan death gripped myself… 😉

Here’s his winning entry and make sure you’re back next week That Neil Guy, @ThatNeilGuy to defend your title.

He cocked an eyebrow at me. Stupid Vulcan. He hasn’t got more than that one stupid expression. At least not that I’ve seen in these seven months.

“I found another bug under the mattress.”

He didn’t even glance at me, just sat there, meditating or whatever it is Vulcans do for hour upon hour, day in, day out.

“Fine, I’ll eat it.”

When they threw us both into this cell, I figured his super strength and logic would get us out in no time.

No such luck.

Green blooded bastard.

He glanced over.

“Why don’t you work on a plan to get us out of here instead of just sitting there another day like a big, stupid pointy eared rock.”

He reached over, pinched my neck.

Sometimes, it’s the only way I can get to sleep.

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3 Responses to #5MinuteFiction Week Fourteen WINNER!

  1. Woo hoo! Thanks, everybody! That was fun!

  2. alphabete says:

    Late to the party, but I liked this! Great short tale, and I like the fact that the neck-pinch is a sleeping aid. Boo about the logic and super-strength though. One might think one could depend on a guy like that to get out of a jam!

  3. Randi says:

    IYyTcL IJWTS wow! Why can’t I think of things like that?

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