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Posted 11 Mar 2003

CSPServer, State-based Protocol Server Class

, 11 Mar 2003
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Class framework for creating client/server protocol servers
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CSPServer is a VC++ class which makes it relatively easy to create solid, multi-threaded client/server state-based protocol servers (SPS).  Common existing standard client/server SPS systems are SMTP, POP3, FTP, NNTP and others systems which millions of people use every day on the internet.

CSPServer gives you a time-tested, well engineered framework to create your own standard protocol server or a new protocol server that suits your needs.  CSPServer is used in Santronics Software's intranet hosting product, Wildcat! Interactive Net Server ( to provide an  integrated multiple protocol intranet hosting system.   Proprietary virtual communications technology was removed to make a public socket-based only version of CSPServer

This article will explain how to use the CSPServer class with working SPS examples.  This is the author's first CodeProject article subsmission, so all commentators and critics are welcome.

A State-based Protocol Server or SPS is client/server methodology where by a client application connects to a server application to begin a text based "controlled" conversation.  This controlled conversation is often called the "State Machine."

In a state machine, a connected client will issue a command and then wait for a server response to the command.  In a properly designed state machine, the client can not continue with additional commands until a response was provided by the server for the current command.  It is very important to understand that all conversations in a state machine begins with the client issuing commands. The server will never send data or information to the client unless it was requested or in response to a client command.

CSPServer offers a framework to create your own client/server state machine conversation for your client/server application.

If you understand this basic concept, you can skip the next background section which illustrates a SPS using a standard SMTP server.

Example standard SPS - SMTP

If you ever connected to standard SPS such as SMTP, POP3, FTP, NNTP etc, the first line you see is the welcome line.   The best way to see this is to use a standard TELNET client such as the one that comes with Windows.  For example, to connect to the Microsoft SMTP server (port 25) using telnet, type the following:

Telnet 25

If successful, you will see the welcome line.  You can type HELP to see the available commands.  Most standard SPS systems will provide HELP information on the available commands.

However, SPS systems are ultimately designed for automated applications, not human interaction.  Client software are used to automate the process, such as sending an email.   The following illustrates what typically happens when you want to send an email to anyone in the world.

Example SMTP client/server session:

Lets assume the target address for the email is  and lets assume you are using Outlook Express (OE) to create and send the email.  OE has a built-in SMTP client component which is used to send mail to a SMTP server.

The following are the steps taken to send the email.

  1. OE smtp client obtains the MX record for the domain The MX provides the IP address location of the SMTP server. The client will then connect to the IP address defined by the MX record.
  2. The client waits for the welcome response and then issues the HELO or EHLO command.    The client waits for a positive response.
  3. The client issues the command MAIL FROM: <youraddress> and waits for a positive response.
  4. The client issues the command RCPT TO: <> and waits for a positive response.  A negative response means the address is invalid or some other error, like mailbox is full.
  5. The client issue the DATA: command and waits for a positive response.
  6. The client begins to send the actual email message line by line, ending it with a "." line.  The client then waits for a positive response indicating the email was successfully received.
  7. The client issues the QUIT command and waits for a positive response.
  8. The client ends.

In summary, the smtp client commands and smtp server responses occur:

 220 Connected to Domain XXX,  Server Ready!
HELO or EHLO <client domain name>250 Hello Client Domain!
MAIL FROM: <your email address>250 <address>.... Sender Ok!
RCPT TO: <>250 <address>.... Receipient ok
DATA354 Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF>
email message
.250 Message received!
QUIT221 Closing connection, Goodbye!

Please note how the SMTP server uses numeric response codes for server responses.   They control how the client will react.  For example, when the client issues the RCPT TO: command,  the positive response code is 250 to indicate the address is acceptable.  However, negative response codes such as 550 can be issued which means the "unknown address."

The point behind this example is to illustrate the "tight" client/server state machine conversation between a state-based protocol server and a state-based protocol client such as in SMTP. Servers like SMTP have specific RFC design guidelines that describe the proper state machine (commands and responses).  The same is true for FTP, NNTP and POP3.

With CSPServer, you can create your own client/server state machine conversation.  You can use a similar response code concept for your own for your particular client/server application.

Understanding the CSPServer State Machine

The following figure 1.0 illustrates the "state machine" in CSPServer:

Figure 1.0
CSPServer State machine

Server Applet
Client Connection Listening Thread

Client Applet

Instantiate subclass CSPServer
Object thread

Call subclass
Go() Handler

call subclass SendWelcome()handler

Client waits for welcome response

run optional subclass Cleanup()handler when client disconnects

When the client first connects , the listening server will start a new CSPServer session which start a new thread to manage client session.  The thread handler will call the subclass Go() handler.

The subclass Go() handler can be used to collect connection information but its main goal is to start the state machine engine by calling the inherited Go() handler.

The inherited Go() handler will then call the virtual "SendWelcome()" function and begin the state machine.  The SendWelcome() override provides the opportunity for the SPS to  introduce itself  and also possibly supply "readiness" information to the client.

Using the CSPServer Class

For those who wish to get started quickly,  the following is a "quick how to use" outline.  For technical class or code details see the source code and examples provided.

At a minimum, to create a SPS using the CSPServer class, you need to do following items (in no particular order):

  1. Create a subclass of CSPServer,
  2. Override the subclass constructor,
  3. Override of the Go() handler in your subclass,
  4. Add a TSPDispatch member variable,
  5. Create a TSPDispatch structure defining the state machine dispatch commands,
  6. Add command dispatch handlers to the subclass, and
  7. Create a Listening Server Thread to answer incoming connections

There are other virtual functions you can override, but the constructor and Go() are the only required overrides to start the CSPServer engine.

The SampleServer.cpp source file contains a complete working example of a SPS.   The following are the basic steps in create an SPS:

Step 1:

Add #include <spserver.h> to your source code, and create a CSPServer subclass (i.e., CMySPServer) such as the one shown below.

For the sake of an example, we will create a state machine with 5 commands;   "HELLO", "LOGIN", "SHOW", "HELP" and "QUIT".  So for each command a handler is added.

#include <spserver.h>

class CMySPServer: public CSPServer {
    typedef CSPServer inherited;
    CMySPServer(CSocketIO *s);  // REQUIRED
    virtual void Go(); // REQUIRED
    virtual void SendWelcome();
    static TSPDispatch Dispatch[]; // REQUIRED
    BOOL SPD_HELLO(char *args);
    BOOL SPD_LOGIN(char *args);
    BOOL SPD_SHOW(char *args);
    BOOL SPD_HELP(char *args);
    BOOL SPD_QUIT(char *args);

Please note the SendWelcome() override is optional.  However, it is almost always required to send a connection response to the client when the client first connects to the server.

The class CSocketIO is a simple socket wrapper with formatting functions and a socket input circular buffer.  This class documentation is not within the scope of this article.  See the source file socketio.h/cpp for usage and reference.

Step 2:

Create the TSPDispatch structure for the subclass member Dispatch declaring the commands and the commands dispatch handles as follows

CSPServer::TSPDispatch CMySPServer::Dispatch[] = {

For each command in the Dispatch structure, declare a dispatch handler in the subclass using the following prototype:

BOOL dispatch_handler_name(char *args);

Advanced Usage: It is possible to have an single handler for call commands.  In this case, you can use the method GetCurrentCommandName() to return the current command issued.

Step 3:

Now begin to add the implementation of the overrides and the dispatch handlers:

// Constructor

CMySPServer::CMySPServer(CSocketIO *s)
     : CSPServer(s, Dispatch)
    // Initialize all your session variables here.

    // Done is a special BOOL used to exit
    // the inherited::Go() handler. One of the
    // Dispatch commands should set Done = TRUE;
    // i.e., QUIT() command.

    Done = FALSE;

    // start thread, calls Go() handler. If you
    // wish, you can call Start() outside the constructor.

// Go() is called by start()

void CMySPServer::Go()
    // By this point, we have a new thread running.
    // This is a good point to collect client ip or
    // domain information.

    // To start the state machine, you must call
    // the inherited Go() function.  This will
    // starts the thread's socket command line
    // reader and dispatcher. Go() returns when
    // the Done is set TRUE or if connection drops
    // or one of the dispatch handlers return FALSE.

    inherited::Go(); // REQUIRED

    // we are done, good place to do session
    // cleanup.

    delete this;  // REQUIRED

// SendWelcome() is called by the inherited Go(). This is
// a good place to provide "server readiness" information
// to the connecting client.  Standard SPS use numeric
// response codes to provide this information.

void CMySPServer::SendWelcome()
    Send("Hello! Server ready\r\n");

// Dispatch handlers.
// Dispatch handlers have one parameter, char *args. It will
// contain the string, if any, passed with the command.
// Return TRUE to continue the state machine. If FALSE is
// returned, the session ends. NOTE: Returning FALSE is not
// a good idea in practical designs as it can put the remote
// client in a irregular state. You should always have a
// graceful way to complete a session.  Even if you wish to
// show "error" conditions, you should always return TRUE.

BOOL CMySPServer::SPD_HELLO(char *args)
    Send("--> HELLO(%s)\r\n",args);
    return TRUE;

BOOL CMySPServer::SPD_LOGIN(char *args)
    Send("--> LOGIN(%s)\r\n",args);
    return TRUE;

BOOL CMySPServer::SPD_SHOW(char *args)
    Send("--> SHOW(%s)\r\n",args);
    return TRUE;

BOOL CMySPServer::SPD_HELP(char *args)
    Send("--- HELP commands ---\r\n");
    Send("--- end of help ---\r\n");
    return TRUE;

BOOL CMySPServer::SPD_QUIT(char *)
    Send("<CLICK> Bye!\r\n");
    Control->Shutdown();   // Disconnects socket
    Done = TRUE;           // Tells Go() to exit
    return TRUE;

Step 4:

Finally, now that you have a CSPServer class ready, you need a listening server thread that will answer incoming socket connections and for each new connection, a CSPServer instance is started.

To create the Listening Server, the CThread class is used:

class CServerThread : public CThread {
    typedef CThread inherited;
   CServerThread(const DWORD port = 4044, const DWORD flags = 0);
   virtual void Stop();
   virtual void Go();
   SOCKET serverSock;
   DWORD serverPort;

The subclass Go() handler is used to create the listening socket server.

When a new connection is accepted, a new instance of CMySPServer is created passing the peer socket handle as a new  CSocketIO object in the CMySPServer constructor.  The following is done in the CServerThread::Go() handler:

SOCKET t = accept(serverSock, (sockaddr *)&src, &x);
if (serverSock == INVALID_SOCKET) break; // listening server broken
new CMySPServer(new CSocketIO(t));       // Start new CMySPServer session

You don't need to work about releasing the objects.  The class themselves will do the cleanup.

Example usage of CServerThread in a console application:

CServerThread server(4044);

while (!Abort) {
  if (kbhit() && getch() == 27) break;  // Escape to Exit

Points of Interest

See the source file SampleServer.cpp for a complete working example.  By default, the example uses port 4044.   To test the server, use telnet like so:

    Telnet LocalHost 4044

  • v1.0P - March 4, 2003, Initial Public Release

This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.

A list of licenses authors might use can be found here

About the Author

hector santos
United States United States
No Biography provided

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Comments and Discussions

QuestionInterested in updated version? Pin
hector santos2-Aug-10 20:09
memberhector santos2-Aug-10 20:09
AnswerRe: Interested in updated version? Pin
Member 223095418-Sep-10 22:40
memberMember 223095418-Sep-10 22:40
GeneralRe: Interested in updated version? Pin
hector santos31-Dec-10 8:19
memberhector santos31-Dec-10 8:19
GeneralCompiler error C4867 Pin
Ran Katzman1-Dec-06 7:51
memberRan Katzman1-Dec-06 7:51
GeneralRe: Compiler error C4867 Pin
hector santos3-Dec-06 23:23
memberhector santos3-Dec-06 23:23
Generalredundant check conditions make the code harder to understand Pin
ehaerim9-Jul-06 11:03
memberehaerim9-Jul-06 11:03
Questionblocking socket vs nonblocking socket and other ways to implement CSPServer? Pin
ehaerim8-Jul-06 15:56
memberehaerim8-Jul-06 15:56
QuestionAny client applicaton sample like CSPClient? Pin
ehaerim8-Jul-06 9:40
memberehaerim8-Jul-06 9:40

I am kind of a beginner in socket programming and really enjoyed this article.

I really like to apply the State-base Protocol concept in a client socket application. So, it would be really great if someone would post a State-based protocol client sample (I would call it CSPClient) using the same concept in this article.

GeneralSMTP Server Pin
Pham Tien Thanh20-Jan-06 2:09
memberPham Tien Thanh20-Jan-06 2:09
GeneralRe: SMTP Server Pin
hector santos26-Jan-06 23:23
memberhector santos26-Jan-06 23:23
GeneralSMTP client question Pin
Lior Shoval4-Feb-04 6:38
memberLior Shoval4-Feb-04 6:38
GeneralRe: SMTP client question Pin
hector santos5-Feb-04 1:47
memberhector santos5-Feb-04 1:47
GeneralRe: SMTP client question Pin
gyb99826-Oct-05 15:55
membergyb99826-Oct-05 15:55
GeneralSecurity vulnerability Pin
Petar K. Shomov2-Dec-03 4:18
memberPetar K. Shomov2-Dec-03 4:18
GeneralCommunication between threads Pin
rromerot16-Oct-03 5:52
memberrromerot16-Oct-03 5:52
GeneralMFC Dependency Pin
rromerot2-Jul-03 3:20
memberrromerot2-Jul-03 3:20
GeneralRe: MFC Dependency Pin
hector santos2-Jul-03 11:53
memberhector santos2-Jul-03 11:53
GeneralSMTP DATA command problem Pin
Alexis MICHEL29-Apr-03 8:54
memberAlexis MICHEL29-Apr-03 8:54
GeneralRe: SMTP DATA command problem Pin
hector santos29-Apr-03 13:41
memberhector santos29-Apr-03 13:41
GeneralRe: SMTP DATA command problem Pin
hector santos29-Apr-03 16:32
memberhector santos29-Apr-03 16:32
GeneralRe: SMTP DATA command problem Pin
Alexis MICHEL30-Apr-03 23:29
memberAlexis MICHEL30-Apr-03 23:29
GeneralAnother question Pin
Salvador Dali16-Apr-03 4:57
memberSalvador Dali16-Apr-03 4:57
GeneralRe: Another question Pin
hector santos16-Apr-03 7:30
memberhector santos16-Apr-03 7:30
GeneralMemory leaks when exiting server Pin
Salvador Dali14-Apr-03 14:13
memberSalvador Dali14-Apr-03 14:13
GeneralRe: Memory leaks when exiting server Pin
hector santos14-Apr-03 19:28
memberhector santos14-Apr-03 19:28

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my husband and i have had this for quite some time now. i hate to say that we really don't know that much about it. we believe it's from the early 1900's. that's about the extent of our knowledge of it. it is blue with gold lettering. it has two coin lots to hold nickels and pennies. it's an interesting little piece and still quite lovely for as old as it is. it's struck an interest in my husband so that he now collects coca cola items.

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    NC Co was a trading company with products coming from West Germany & Japan in the 1950-70's. According to marks4antiques, the numbers indicate that your piece is Japanese

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Eight of the 10 largest greenhouse emitters will double their cumulative clean energy supply by 2030, according to a new report

"We looked at renewable energy because it’s a leading indicator for the global transition to a low-carbon economy," explains WRI researcher Thomas Damassa. "We won’t get deep emissions reductions without it." (Photo: WRI)

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That is because industrialised nations are historically responsible for GHG emissions but the BRICS and other emerging countries now produce a majority of global emissions.

China is the leading emitter of GHG emissions and the biggest consumer of energy. But it is also the largest producer of renewable energy, accounting for 32 percent of the world’s wind power production and 27 percent of hydroelectricity, followed in the latter case by Brazil, which produces 8.5 percent of the world’s hydropower.

The Asian giant aims to increase the proportion of non-fossil fuel sources by 20 percent by 2030. The country currently uses coal for 65 percent of its energy, while mega-dams represent just 15 percent.

In the first meeting of energy ministers of the Group of 20 industrialised and emerging nations, held Oct. 5 in Istanbul, the officials acknowledged the importance of renewable sources and their long-term potential and pledged to continue investing in and researching clean energy.

Of the 127 INDCs presented as of late October – the EU presented the commitments of its 28 countries as a bloc – 80 percent made clean energy a priority.

“They certainly help but clearly countries still need to go farther, faster – and in sectors outside of energy as well – to drive emissions down to the level that is needed,” said Damassa.

The pledges made so far would keep global warming down to a 2.7 degree Celsius increase, according to the UNFCCC secretariat, although other studies are more pessimistic, putting the rise at 3.5 degrees.

To avoid irreversible effects for the planet, global temperatures must not rise more than two degrees C above preindustrial levels, although even with that increase, severe effects would be felt in different ecosystems.

Because of that it will be essential to reassess the national pledges during the climate talks in Paris, and establish a clear mechanism for ongoing follow-up of the actions taken by each country.

“I see all of the BASIC (the climate negotiating group made up of Brazil, South Africa, India and China) pledges as ‘first offers’ that will have to be reassessed after the Paris deal is finalised,” Natalie Unterstell, the negotiator on behalf of Brazil at the UNFCCC, told IPS.

The expert, who is now a Louis Bacon Environmental Leadership Fellow at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard in the U.S., points to key differences between these four countries and Russia, the fifth member of BRICS.

She also explained that while these four countries agreed to reduce the proportion of fossil fuels in their energy mix, there are differences in how they aim to do so.

Adaptation is a large component in South Africa’s INDCs – a signal that the carbon-based economy understands the need to build a more resilient future. India is putting a strong emphasis on solar energy, and Brazil pledged to raise the share of renewable sources in its energy mix to 45 percent by 2030.

Brazil’s proposal is based partly on large hydropower dams, some of which are in socially and environmentally sensitive areas, like the Amazon rainforest.

Meanwhile, the actions that China takes can, by themselves, facilitate or complicate the talks. According to Untersell, the country “has a comparative advantage as it has committed itself to develop renewables technology and is delivering its promise.”

Ties between these emerging economies and the industrialised powers were strengthened over the last year by a series of bilateral accords that began to be reached in November 2014, with the announcement that China and the United States had agreed on joint actions in the areas of climate and energy.

“These agreements are good signals for the industry to transition (to a cleaner model). However, the private sector needs more than aspirational goals to base their operations,” said the expert.

But she said it was a good thing that the agreement between the two countries was based on actions on an internal level, because this shows concrete changes in the energy policies of both nations.

Besides the agreement with Washington, China has signed another with France, Brazil did the same with Germany, and India did so with the United States, in an effort by these countries to speed up their internal transition before COP21.

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In Major Ruling, Grad Students Win Right to Unionize at Private Universities

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In Major Ruling, Grad Students Win Right to Unionize at Private Universities

Decision described as 'a huge milestone for graduate workers across the country!'

The National Labor Relations Board ruling involved a case at Columbia University in New York. (Photo: InSapphoWeTrust/flickr/cc)

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) said Tuesday that graduate students who work as teaching and research assistants at private colleges are employees—a ruling with "big implications" for both higher education and organized labor in the United States.

Inside Higher Ed explains:

The NLRB said that a previous ruling by the board—that these workers were not entitled to collective bargaining because they are students—was flawed. The NLRB ruling, 3 to 1, came in a case involving a bid by the United Auto Workers to organize graduate students at Columbia University. The decision reverses a 2004 decision—which has been the governing one until today—about a similar union drive at Brown University.

Paul R. Katz, one of the Columbia graduate students involved in the organizing efforts, told the New York Times: "We are elated that the NLRB has overturned Brown and restored our collective bargaining rights."

Stanford University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and "the entire Ivy League" had jointly submitted a brief, the Washington Post reports, "arguing that involving students in the bargaining process would disrupt operations, if they want to negotiate the length of a class, amount or grading or what’s included in curriculum. Bringing more people to the table, they said, could lead to lengthy and expensive bargaining to the detriment of all students."

But the NLRB, in its ruling (pdf), sided with the students, in a decision that "could potentially deliver tens of thousands of members to the nation's struggling labor movement," according to the Wall Street Journal.

However, Bloomberg's Josh Eidelson noted on Twitter:

Still, he said:

Politico reports:

Columbia may still appeal the board's decision in federal court. In a statement, the university said it is reviewing the ruling and disagrees with the decision "because we believe the academic relationship students have with faculty members and departments as part of their studies is not the same as between employer and employee."

Against the odds

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The Council of Canadians is Prepared to Push the New Liberal Government on Key Campaign Areas

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The Council of Canadians is Prepared to Push the New Liberal Government on Key Campaign Areas

(Photo: David Wise/cc/flickr)

More than a year ago the Council of Canadians set twin objectives for this federal election: to get out the vote and to defeat the Harper government. Both were accomplished last night. More than 17.5 million people, about 68 per cent of all eligible voters, cast a ballot in this election. That's a dramatic increase of almost 3 million voters from the 14.8 million people, or 61.4 per cent of eligible voters, who voted in May 2011. And last night not only was Stephen Harper defeated as prime minister, he resigned as leader of the Conservative Party. We celebrate both of these accomplishments.

We had felt though that the best likely outcome of this election would be a minority government. And if we had a system of proportional representation that would have been the outcome last night. Under that system, the Liberals would have won a minority government of about 133 seats (rather than a majority with 184 seats), the NDP 67 seats and the Greens 12 seats. We could have had a stable minority government through a multi-party coalition or accord. Instead, the Liberals won 54 per cent of the seats in the House of Commons with just 39.5 per cent of the vote. We believe this is wrong.

While we welcome Prime Minister-elect Justin Trudeau's election night speech that focused on hope, inclusion and the end of the politics of division and fear evident under the Harper government, we are deeply concerned by his party's support for 'free trade' agreements like the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). And with about 40 days until the critical United Nations COP 21 climate talks begin in Paris, the Liberals have only pledged "real climate change solutions" rather than more concretely an end to export pipelines and no new approvals for the tar sands.

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We are also disappointed that the Liberal commitment is only to ensure "that fracking is consistently meeting the most stringent environmental assessments and reviews", rather than to ban or implement a moratorium on this harmful practice. Nor did we see the Liberals promise the $4.7 billion needed to ensure that Indigenous peoples enjoy the right to water and sanitation through upgraded infrastructure in their communities. And we are very concerned that the new prime minister appears to see the private sector or public-private partnerships (P3) as a 'solution' to the water crisis for First Nations.

We also will have to see what the Liberal pledge to "negotiate a new Health Accord with provinces and territories, including a long-term agreement on funding" truly means. If the new prime minister continues to support 'free trade' agreements that include longer patents for pharmaceutical corporations, as is the case with CETA and TPP, and doesn't explicitly commit to public solutions and oppose privatization, then we will have a real challenge ahead of us.

That all said, there could be some opportunities to move forward on these issues, much more so than would have been the case under another five years of Stephen Harper.

The prime minister-elect has promised to "negotiate a new Health Accord with provinces and territories, including a long-term agreement on funding." We will mobilize in the lead-up to that conference to demand a 10-year accord annual 6 per cent increase in health care transfer payments to the provinces, at least 25 per cent federal funding of provincial health care costs, a prohibition on user fees and privatization, and a commitment to public solutions. We also believe that his promised "credible environmental assessments" that "respect the rights of those most affected, such as Indigenous communities" should mean that the National Energy Board process for the Trans Mountain and Energy East pipelines should begin from the start again.

We also look forward to participating in the "proper review and oversight" and "stringent environmental assessments" of fracking. We will be there to advocate for the full restoration of the protections to the Navigable Waters Protection Act as promised by the Liberals in their platform. The new prime minister has also promised "a full and open public debate" on the Trans-Pacific Partnership and to "defend Canadian interests during the TPP’s ratification process – which includes defending supply management, our auto sector, and Canadian manufacturers across the country." We hope to be a leading voice in that fight.

There is also a long check-list of Liberal promises made during this election, including:

  • to "immediately launch a national public inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls in Canada"
  • to enact all the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommendations
  • to fully restore the Interim Federal Health Program that provides health care to refugees
  • to ban oil tanker traffic off the British Columbia coast which would effectively kill the Northern Gateway pipeline project
  • to protect the Great Lakes
  • to "repeal the anti-democratic elements in Stephen Harper’s Fair Elections Act"
  • to "restore the voter identification card as an acceptable form of identification"
  • to "give Elections Canada the resources it needs to investigate voter fraud and vote suppression"
  • to "encourage more Canadians to vote, by removing restrictions on the ways in which the Chief Electoral Officer and Elections Canada can communicate with voters"
  • to "restore the independence of the Commissioner of Canada Elections, so that they are accountable to Parliament and not the government of the day"
  • to fund the federal portion of the construction of 'Freedom Road' for the Shoal Lake 40 First Nation
  • to resettle no fewer than 25,000 Syrians by January 1, 2016
  • to scrap Harper's plan to increase the eligibility age for Old Age Security to 67 by 2023 from the current 65
  • to repeal Harper's Employment Insurance reforms
  • to ensure that foreign workers have a realistic prospect of citizenship
  • to end the practice of omnibus bills
  • to end the Canadian Revenue Agency's harassment of charitable organizations
  • to stop Harper's plan to end door-to-door mail delivery
  • to repeal the problematic elements of C-51
  • to re-open the Kitsilano Coast Guard base
  • to end the combat mission in Iraq
  • to repeal the anti-union legislation C-377 and C-525

We will have to work hard to ensure that these measures are fully implemented in a meaningful way and that they were not just empty promises.

And given the current electoral system gave the prime minister a majority government with seats disproportionate to the popular vote, we will be on the watch for the electoral reform legislation - that must focus on changing our system from first-past-the-post to proportional representation - that the prime minister has promised by April 2017.

We should rightly celebrate the defeat of Stephen Harper, a significantly increased voter turnout, and an election apparently relatively free of the voter suppression evident in the last federal election, but we will have to campaign even harder now to ensure that the 70 per cent of Canadians who said "it was the time for change" in Ottawa this election, get the change they deserve.

Brent Patterson

Brent Patterson is the Political Director at the Council of Canadians. He works with the Council's chairperson Maude Barlow, its campaigners, organizers and chapters across the country on trade, energy, water, and health care issues. The Council has political staff in Ottawa, Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Halifax, Delhi, Durban and Mexico City.

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Research/Internship Opportunity Detail Page

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NSEC REU Summer Fellow

Primary Institution: Columbia University
Affiliation: Nanoscale Science & Engineering Center (NSEC)
City: New York
State: NY
Job Duration: May 27-August 1, 2008
Class Requirement: Completed Freshman Year
Minimum GPA: 3.0
Position Type: Research
Discipline(s): Condensed Matter: Structure and Mechanical/Thermal Properties
Condensed Matter: Electronic Structure and Electromagnetic/Optical Properties
Elementary Particles and Fields
Fluid Dynamics and Gases
Nonlinear Dynamics
Plasmas and Beam Physics
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Other Engineering
Interdisciplinary Physics: Biological Physics; Quantum Information; Etc.
Description: The Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center at Columbia University, called the Center for Electron Transport in Molecular Nanostructures, will support approximately five outstanding undergraduates as Summer Research Fellows for the period from May 27-August 1, 2008.

Students selected into the REU Summer program will be assigned a faculty mentor with whom the student conducts research.  There are REU opportunities in one of the many projects in the Center, which focus on electron transport in self-assembled arrays and interfaces; electron transport in carbon nanotubes; and electron transport in single molecules.

Throughout the summer, students will also be involved with workshops, seminars, visits to local industry, recreational activities, a symposium of presentations by REU students, and other activities.
Stipend: $3500
Benefits: Housing
Travel Reimbursement
Application Deadline: 03/03/2008
Job Website:
Additional Information: Requested Materials:
•     completed application form
•     official college transcripts
•     two letters of recommendation
•     personal essay

Research/Internship Opportunity Contact Information

Primary Contact: Justine Herrera
530 W. 120th Street, MC 8903
1001 CEPSR
New York, NY 10027
Phone: 212-854-3964
Fax: 212-854-1909
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The most trusted and popular consumer complaints website

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Sears wouldn't accept check

Complaint Rating:  100 % with 2 votes
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Our salesman had to call telecheck to accept our check for our new washer. They said no because Johnny doesn't write checks for large amounts enough. He's had the same checking account for the 26 years that I've been with him and from my understanding a longer than that. How can anyone turn down a check from someone who's never had a bounced check, and always pays his bills on time. Even early. His credit cards are always paid in full before they are due. TELECHECK SUCKS! Excuse my French, but from now on, Johnny will always use his credit cards.
Complaint comments Comments (1) Complaint country United States Complaint category Washing Machines

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Telecheck is a company that Guarantees the funds for a company. All they do is base the decision on past banking transactions. It is the same as turning down someone for a mortgage loan because he has done things that look like he might have a problem.

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Accurate Temperature Reading

Depending on what you are distilling (fruit, grains, flowers, crude and derivatives etc.) a mixture of different chemical substances will be obtained in the distillation process. If the intention is to obtain alcohol fit for human consumption, independently of what is being distilled, what we want is the ethanol alcohol. The different chemical substances in a batch (liquid or matter being distilled) begin to vaporise (their boiling point) at specific temperatures.

If isolated these would be:

Acetone 56.5 ºC (134 ºF)
Methanol (wood alcohol) 64 ºC (147 ºF)
Ethyl acetate 77.1C (171 ºF)
Ethanol 78 ºC (172 ºF)
2-Propanol (rubbing alcohol) 82 ºC (180 ºF)
1-Propanol 97 ºC (207 ºF)
Water 100 ºC (212 ºF)
Butanol 116 ºC (241 ºF)
Amyl alcohol 137.8 ºC (280 ºF)
Furfural 161 ºC (322 ºF)

However, as the different substances are not produced separately but as a mixture, there is a greater variance in the temperatures for each one. Fortunately each of the substances will tend to dominate around its boiling point temperature, thus we can determine which alcohol is dominating and being produced at that point. Temperature readings of a distillation are taken in the vapour chamber area of the still, usually the lid where vapours gather before proceeding to the refinig lentil or condensing recipient.

By tracking the temperature of the vapour you will know when you are collecting the desired ethanol and how the purity of the run is proceeding. Temperature reading must be between 78º to 82 ºC or other chemical substances will be obtained. If you are not obtaining the desired temperature, you will have to increase or decrease the heat source accordingly. This is the first stage of obtaining the desired alcohol. Once the distillate starts to exit the condensing recipient, basic distillation rules must be respected to define cutting off points. You may use a copper parrot spout and alcoholometer to aid you in this task.


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Single Ukrainian woman without a child: Elena 35 yo looking for a serious man

Interview in English

In this video, you will be able to discover the beauty and beautiful personality of Elena, a Ukrainian girl of 35 years without children and looking for a serious relationship leading to Marriage. She recently registered with our partner of Kiev specialized in international meetings in Ukraine. By analyzing her answers in detail, you will get answers to the questions you have about Ukrainian women, especially the desire to immigrate to Canada ...

Elena as the vast majority of young women in Ukraine knows how to speak English

And she does well as you can hear, which will facilitate her adjustment period if she moves to Canada. This Slavic woman works in the field of the Web. It is important to consider the fact that your future wife especially if she is young as Elena will look to work in Canada or in France. The aspect of the integration of women from Eastern Europe is an issue to be taken into account.

Elena also talks about her models of successful couples, including the example of her brother who successfully married and lives happily with his wife and children.

She explains this saying known in France as well as in Ukraine: "The two shoes make the pair". It means that man and woman live in complementarity with one another. And not in opposition as we can see in some Western countries. It reminds us of the traditional values of Slavic women. Elena goes even further, explaining that when she finds her man, she will not be able to live without him.

If you are a man looking for his wife from Eastern Europe, to get a solid relationship and a marriage, why not get in touch with our adherent Elena who has no children.

Meeting the most beautiful women of Kiev with CQMI Matchmaking

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CQMI Agency limited
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Topic: Thrifted & tiedied lace tablecloth = new bell sleeved empire waist dress! W/Tute  (Read 76370 times)
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« on: May 24, 2008 10:07:42 PM »

This dress started as a beautiful lace tablecloth from my favorite thrift store, but when I got it home, it was too small for my dining table. The fabric was more of a knit or crochet with some give, so I decided to make a dress.    First the 70's child in me dip dyed the fabric a vibrant pink! Wanting to use as much of the cloth as possible, I decided to make a bell sleeved empire/float style dress that would still be cool and comfortable when it heats up outside.
So, I first folded the oval shaped tablecloth in half length wise and then again vertically.  I freehanded the outline of the bell sleeve and cut around to allow the dress to sort of fan out in an A line shape.  I cut the neckline fairly wide, not quite off the shoulder, but enough to give it a nice neck for jewelry.  After sewing up the sides of the dress, all that was left was to add a thin elastic just under the bust and at the neckline.  The sleeves and hem have the scalloped edge from the tablecloth.  I need to make a simple cotton slip to go under it, or I think I might wear it over a bathing suit!   It looks really nice on so I'll add an action shot later! What'da ya think???
Update now with action shots! Sorry for no makeup, it's midnite here and 48 ain't too cute with without foundation, eyeliner and gloss! LOL

This shows the color best

« Last Edit: May 24, 2008 11:59:10 PM by tickleagangster » THIS ROCKS   Logged

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« Reply #1 on: May 24, 2008 10:25:50 PM »

woooooooowwwwwww, you rule!!!!

I have to get up early tomorrow to look for a tablecloth!!!!
« Last Edit: May 24, 2008 10:27:08 PM by mirchita » THIS ROCKS   Logged
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« Reply #2 on: May 24, 2008 11:05:56 PM »

AMAZING  ! that looks great and really simple to make  Grin

« Reply #3 on: May 25, 2008 12:02:38 AM »

wow that is awesome!!! I love it. And I love how you did the neckline it's great.
« Reply #4 on: May 25, 2008 12:24:52 AM »

That is quite utterly adorable and the colour's marvellous.

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« Reply #5 on: May 25, 2008 12:46:01 AM »

Wow!  You made an amazing transformation!  I also really like your table, but I'm kind of glad it didn't fit that table cloth.   Wink

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« Reply #6 on: May 25, 2008 01:11:48 AM »

so beautiful, simple, elegant, romantic. I love it! I think I'm gonna have to attempt something like that.
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« Reply #7 on: May 25, 2008 01:29:54 AM »

wow what a great idea, you did a good job with that.

Life is a terminal disease, NO one gets out alive.....The idea is to enjoy it while you can.

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« Reply #8 on: May 25, 2008 01:38:43 AM »

Thanks everybody! I really, really like it myself and was surprised how it came out. The neat part is that the lace has such interesting patterns everywhere.  And although this dress has some give, there was enough room in the tablecloth to have used straight cotton or cotton blend and just adjust the fit with elastic.  I'm going to scour the Goodwill again for oval tablecloths and make another one! lol Money is so tight right now that my fabric stash and the thrift store are about all the enjoyment a gal can get for the moment. You all are so encouraging I just love coming here to Craftster.  God Bless.

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« Reply #9 on: May 25, 2008 01:40:04 AM »

isn't that something! wow! its so wonderful! Cheesy this is such a great idea and it turned out super great!
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Imagine if you will that you’ve won a luxury holiday. A week at a tropical resort sounds amazing. You’ve checked it out and you are so excited about the idea that you willingly agree to being blindfolded when you’re taken there. You trust everything you’re told so you throw yourself in wholeheartedly.

For the first three days everything is wonderful. There are little problems but overall it is everything you hoped for. You’re blissfully happy and glad you took the chance. Then, on the fourth day everything changes.

The resort manager takes you aside and confesses that there’s something he needs to tell you. With confused trepidation you listen as he tells you that this isn’t the holiday you thought it was. In fact, despite appearances up to now, it’s not even a tropical location. It’s all been a carefully crafted illusion. He’s telling you this because the weather is changing and they can no longer keep up the charade. They want you to stay, to see the time out and assure you that many other people have been in the same position and they’ve all accepted the idea. “Come on, you can do it” he tells you. Your world has been completely upended; you’ve been lied to and cheated out of what you’d signed up to. All this time you’ve been deceived by people you thought you could trust. Could you take their offer? Would you?

These days marriage vows vary wildly, from staid, traditional utterances of fidelity and faithfulness no matter what through to modern interpretations of mutual respect and support. Implicit in all of them though is the concept that both parties will be honest and truthful with each other. There is no reason why either party should expect anything less, yet it happens. Somewhere the weather begins changing. One half of the marriage says they can’t keep silent any longer. Then comes the confession that the truth and honesty has been built on a rapidly crumbling base of deceit. There have been lies, actual and by omission, and secrets. The secrets are what hurt the most because they suggests a lack of trust on one side and their exposure shatters trust on the other.

This is the reality for some crossdressers’ wives. We who have been the confessor, the one who so completely upends the life of a person we hold most dear, often feel that we had no choice. Some of us have dealt with depression and suicidal thoughts because of the secrets we’ve carried. Some have felt that we’ve suppressed who we really are and have reached a point in life where we have to confess. That’s when we expose our duplicity. Ironically, that’s also often when we feel that now everything will be, or should be, alright. One person occupies our mind; the person we feel we need to release. Do we really pay enough attention to the other person involved in all this?

Let’s go back before the confession. Let’s imagine instead that life is actually going along smoothly. Then you notice that your wife has become somewhat moody. She seems quiet and doesn’t want to talk but something is troubling her. There are signs you find you can no longer ignore. She quickly closes computer pages when you enter the room. When you look later you see all browsing history has been erased. You wonder why. Then she says that she has something to confess. You sense it’s bad and it is. She tells you that she is involved with another man. It has been going on all of your married life. In fact, it started before you married but she couldn’t bring herself to tell you. You seemed so happy together and she didn’t want to hurt you. She tried to end it with him but she couldn’t so she hid it. Another man, one you knew nothing about, is part of your marriage. She tells you she loves you and wants you to stay together, that you can work it out but she says she can’t stop her involvement with this man. Could you accept her offer? Would you?

Crossdressing isn’t exactly the same as that but it does introduce another ‘woman’ into your relationship. When we unburden ourselves we too easily forget that we might have just shifted the burden. We want to stay married but we also don’t want to give up this other woman. It needn’t be a take-it-or-leave-it scenario though. As much as you might hate the idea of your wife continuing her involvement you might possibly be able to accept that it’s what she needs to do. It doesn’t make you less as a person but understandably you can feel that way. In time you might be able to accept this other man as she wants you to, a friend who makes her happy. She wants you to be happy together.

Could it work? Perhaps, but only if the deceit stops. Would you be happy to know that after shattering everything you thought you knew about her she still keeps secrets from you? If you suspected she was could you ever trust her again? Most importantly, would you want to? Could she blame you if you didn’t?

Being married to a crossdresser isn’t all lollipops and sunshine but it doesn’t have to be lemons and darkness either. It can work, but only through openness and honesty and each truly considering the other.

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Once also known as Doc, from Canberra, ACT (that’s in Australia), Be honest with yourself and life gets much better.

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  1. JenH 7 months ago

    I love this article.

  2. Ang 7 months ago

    I love this article!!! It is def spot on,, being with a CD “isn’t all lollipops and sunshine but it doesn’t have to be lemons and darkness either”! So true… the partner who had no idea, NONE, not even an inkling it does feel like a bit of a betrayal. A bit like why didn’t he trust me enough to tell me…did he think I would be all judgy mcjudgerson on him?!?!? AND afterwards if there was even a hint of a slightly hazy truth I would get all my feathers ruffled! BUT that being said….you are right! Honesty and mutual respect are the best approach. We went through a bit of a tart lemony time but it was interspersed with laughter and a mutual journey to acceptance for both of us. I appreciate so much that you wrote this article to help express how partners can feel….I truly don’t think either partner ever tries to be hurtful while going through this but sometimes our own insecurities can get in the way.

  3. Lorrie Kaye 12 months ago

    Excellent article, JaneS. I have vacillated from being “just a guy” to at one point transitioning to Lorrie. I had crossdressing impulses since I was about 3, putting on mother’s makeup, her clothes, etc. I went through buy and purge so often, my head began to spin. I thought I was alone. Then, a number of years ago, I found the internet and realized there are many people like me. I was married for about 20 years, not sharing Lorrie at all. I started buying clothes and makeup and when I had alone time, I would dress and it was *wonderful*! In 1995, my wife opened a credit card bill and found a charge to Victoria’s Secret for a bra, panties and high heels. She immediately accused me of having an affair and buying these things for my “girlfriend.” As I had always been faithful, I confessed they were my items. She went ballistic, calling me gay and other slurs, and after a long and bitter fight, we divorced. After divorcing, I went totally crazy, buying breast forms, wigs, dresses, underwear, makeup, everything! This *wonderful* “Girl Time” (alone, of course, I am NOT passable) lasted maybe 4 months, when I met a terrific lady and we married. She does not know about Lorrie and I am very uncomfortable in telling her. We have a great life together and I do not want to lose her. So Lorrie stays in the closet and only pops out when wife is out. I still love the feeling of silky clothing (she and I are bout the same size) and use her makeup.

    • Author
      JaneS 12 months ago

      One thing I didn’t make much mention of in the article is the sense of violation of privacy many, if not most wives feel when they discover their husband has been wearing their clothing, especially underwear. It’s the same with makeup, these are area where many women feel especially ‘personal’ and have difficulty when that privacy is breached.

      If you can’t or don’t want to tell your wife about Lorrie then I suggest assembling your own clothing and makeup collection. Otherwise there’s always a risk that you’ll put something back in the wrong place or, as a friend of mine once found out the hard way, put the wrong caps back on bottles.

      Best wishes to you both.

  4. Giselle Reeves 12 months ago

    great article something every married cd should read and ponder

  5. Erica 12 months ago

    Im struggling deeply. I go out as much as I can. I want so much to dress all the time but im so afraid to tell my wife. I dont know I wish I had an answer.

    • Author
      JaneS 12 months ago

      Erica the purpose of this story was to remind people that sometimes it can be hard for wives or partners to understand and accept. It was meant to give another point of view to go with the other stories we’ve had of acceptance and understanding.

      Unfortunately there’s no one-fix solution. Every relationship is different so only those within it can ever really know what the best approach is. That said, the real work begins after revealing ourselves, if that’s what we choose to do. My aim is to get CDs to keep their wife’s thoughts, fears and concerns in mind but there have been many examples showing that a harmonious marriage can endure even after we come out.

      I wish you well and hope that you can find what you need to make whatever decisions you feel necessary.

      Best wishes to you both.

  6. Rachelle 12 months ago

    This is a great article and I wrestle with this every day. On one hand I feel like damn the torpedos and full steam ahead to transition. But then I also feel that this is so unfair to my grown daughters and spouse as they did not ask for this and why should they be forced to deal with this. At this moment I am in an ok place, but if I did not feel as mentioned, I would be fully transitioned.

  7. Vera Jane Gonsalves 12 months ago

    Great article. I liked the way you introduced the main subject…… “openness and truth in marriage”… not really a lollipop person so was wondering about opening the article. But I am glad I did read it. Thank you.
    Vera Jane

  8. dizzylizzy 12 months ago

    I let my wife know long before we got married about my crossdressing she even at times helped me with it years later there is nothing to confess she will put up with my crossdressing but very seldom be a part of it sometimes even seems angry about it. Oh well cant say she wasn’t told its part of my life that will never change done this for as long as I can remember

  9. VickieJ 12 months ago

    That is such a great well written artical.

    I have never thought of it that way. Yet, it is so true

    Thank you so much for writing that

  10. Jane – You are so right that we need to try to understand our partner’s feelings and give him or her the time to come to terms with what it means to be with a crossdresser. I know I am trying to give my wife plenty of time to get used to the idea. Whether she will eventually accept and learn to live with it I don’t know, but I do know that she deserves my patience and understanding along the way.

    I also sent you a PM with a little more.

    • Author
      JaneS 1 year ago

      Thank you April. There is no ‘one solution fits all’ for how people respond to finding out their partner/spouse is a CD. That’s part of why I champion the case of trying to establish open and free communication. The other thing that is needed is time. There’s not set time either, so we just need to allow whatever time is necessary whilst making ourselves available to answer questions and concerns.

  11. Tanya 1 year ago

    Great article Jane. Absolute truth… i’m sure this could help many if they would only read it.

  12. Eddy 1 year ago

    Jane, great article the trust once broken is hard but not impossible to rebuild. As my wife once put it, she was always waiting for the other shoe to drop, whats next ?? whats coming?? It can be rebuilt with time and honesty .

  13. skippy1965(Cynthia) 1 year ago

    As always a stellar article with great insights as to how our actions affect the ones we love. I was one who truly thought the feelings would go away when I got married but soon realized they would not and in my case i was caught with womens clothing rather than confessing but the trust issues were the same as you mention. I hold no rancor towards my ex-wife for not being able to deal with my CD/TG feelings and feeling betrayed by m not revealing them before we were married. In the unlikely event I find myself involved with someone again in this lifetime, I will be sure that the person whom i care for KNOWS about Cyn before making a commitment like marriage. A painful lesson but one well learned!

  14. Pinkie 1 year ago

    Great article Jane I hope it help a lot of people in relationships. Secret should not be kept from someone you love on either side of a relationship.

  15. PattiSOtoo 1 year ago

    Thank you Jane for a very well written and thought provoking article. Your insight is invaluable.

  16. Holly Devinne 1 year ago

    Jane fantastic article as always and a timely reminder for myself and my current situation with my fiancé.

  17. Stephanie Green 1 year ago

    Bless you my dear for your insightful article. Believe it or not – just yesterday my wife said to me that I needed to consider how I would feel if she was having an affair with another man!
    I will definitely ask my wife to read your article as she is struggling with trusting me because it took 30 years to tell her about Stephanie.

    Lots of hugs from a girl who is having a bit of a rough time with her wife who is dealing with a CD husband.

    • Author
      JaneS 1 year ago

      I hope the article helps her Stephanie. Let her know that we have a group just for wives and partners where she can make contact with others in her position.

      Thank you for your comments. At CDH we seek to help anyone who needs acceptance and understanding.

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First Look

A robot runs through it: Watch Boston Dynamic’s Atlas trot through forest

Google's Boston Dynamics presented its humanoid robot Atlas at a conference earlier this month, showing a clip of the machine walking in the woods.

Atlas is, in many ways, a creature just like you: It walks upright on two legs, it can lift things and use tools, and it enjoys the occasional stroll through the woods.

Except Atlas’s eyes are cameras and lasers, and its energy comes from a far-off electrical supply. The humanoid robot is one of Google-owned robotics company Boston Dynamics’ creations, and while it can’t do everything a human can do yet, it’s getting close.

Atlas took a giant step for robot-kind recently by going on a walk in the woods – a task only the company’s four-legged robots have been seen doing in the past. It may sound like a relatively simple activity, but autonomous walking is not so easy when you don’t have a human sense of balance.

Recommended: Seven rules for tech investing

“Our focus is on balance and dynamics and working a little bit the way people and animals do where you move quickly in order to keep yourself stabilized if you’re disturbed,” Boston Dynamics founder Marc Raibert said at the Fab Lab Conference and Symposium earlier this month, where a video of Atlas stumbling through the woods was presented.

Several versions of Atlas were also a contestant in a robotics challenge hosted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in which robots were programmed to complete tasks in mock disaster scenarios. A Florida team operating an Atlas robot won second place. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's team, which also worked with Atlas, placed sixth.

But a problem most of the competition’s robots faced was following a task through to its finish, without shutting down midway. Atlas was no exception to this flaw.

“I’m not saying it can do everything you can do,” Mr. Raibert said at the conference, “but you can imagine if we keep pushing we’ll get there.”

Some of Boston Dynamics’ other creations that have been filmed completing trial walks through nature are the BigDog and the LS3. The company’s website also states that its Cheetah is the “fastest legged robot in the [world.]”

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First Look

Tale of Illinois cop's fall from grace grows darker with every turn

An investigation into the death of a Fox Lake, Ill., police officer has revealed a series of scandals. The latest investigation found text messages sent to organize a 'hit' on a village administrator.

  • close
    Fox Lake Village Manager Anne Marrin accompanied by Lake County sheriff's Detective Chris Covelli speaks during a news conference in Round Lake Beach, Ill., on Wednesday, confirming that Fox Lake police Lt. Charles Joseph Gliniewicz, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Authorities said Lieutenant Gliniewicz carefully staged his death to make it look like he was killed in the line of duty and had been stealing for years from a youth program he oversaw. Covelli said Gliniewicz sent a text in April asking a woman to set up a meeting with a 'high ranking gang member to put a hit on the village manager.'
    Gilbert R. Boucher II/Daily Herald/AP
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A Fox Lake, Ill., policeman, once praised as a hero and exemplary 30-year veteran, tried to arrange the killing of an official that might have exposed his corruption, police say.

Text messages revealed Police Lieutenant Charles Joseph Gliniewicz attempted to arrange a meeting with a high-ranking gang member to put a hit on a village administrator that could expose Lt. Gliniewicz’s embezzlement scheme, according to Lake County Sheriff’s Detective Christopher Covelli.

Investigators also discovered packets of cocaine in Lt. Gliniewicz's desk that authorities suspect he may have intended to plant on the dead administrator.

Police officials announcing this week that Gliniewicz committed suicide and was not gunned down while pursuing suspects shocked residents of the small village this week. He had been a beloved member of the local community, remembered as "a true American hero" by locals. Thousands attended his funeral as the community honored him as a fallen hero. Subsequent investigations suggest Gliniewicz's public persona did not match his personal life.

Investigators say that Gliniewicz's death was a carefully staged suicide and during the last few weeks of his life, he worried of being exposed for embezzlement by a village administrator. Gliniewicz had been embezzling from a Police Explorers Program he oversaw for seven years to pay his mortgage, travel expenses, gym memberships, and adult website subscriptions, according to Lake County Major Crimes Task Force Commander George Filenko.

Authorities suspect that at least two other people are suspected of criminal activity and are investigating Gliniewicz's wife and son in relation to the embezzlement.

Despite commendations and praise for good work early in his career, Gliniewicz received several reprimands and suspensions in the last few years for lying about being sick and misleading motorists with wrong court dates on their traffic citations.

A dispatcher complained to officials in 2003 that Gliniewicz had confronted her with a gun in the radio room after a disagreement. She says he told her he could put three bullets in her chest.

Weeks later, the chief eliminated Gliniewicz's job as commander of support services, citing "problems with the communications division." Three years later, in 2006, he was promoted to lieutenant.

An anonymous letter was sent to then-Mayor Cynthia Irwin complaining about Gliniewicz and offering support from local bouncers about Gliniewicz being belligerent in bars, alleged sexual harassment, and other forms of professional misconduct.

This report contains material from Reuters and The Associated Press.

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Is This The Greatest Apple II Display Graphic Of All-Time? [Image]

Is this graphic from the 80’s not the most amazing Apple II display ad you’ve ever seen? It’s got freaking rainbows and unicorns and even dolphins jumping out of the sea to play hopscotch with you. Shoot, it’s even got a cute little dancing penguin too! The only thing that would make it better is if Steve Jobs was riding a great white shark in the background with a laser attached to its head.

What do you think could be added to the graphic to make it even better? Let us hear your ideas in the comments.

Source: Palm & Laser

Via: Buzzfeed

  • ZeusCarver

    The Beatles riding by in their Yellow Submarine. That would make it complete for Steve.


text:
Pashley Guvnor 1 Speed 26 2017 Hybrid Bike

Description Specification
The Guv’nor is a revival of one of Pashley’s oldest designs, the 1930s Path Racer, but updated to cope with the demands of modern life. Legendary Reynolds 531 steel is used by our craftsmen to produce a frame with a classic slack geometry, which gives you a dynamic yet natural riding position aided by the inclusion of authentic North Road handlebars.
It is not only unique in its ride quality but in its aesthetic, exuding an elegance that hearkens back to the simple beauty of the original design. From the gold limed black alloy Westwood rims to the Brooks B17 leather saddle that has graced the best racing cycles for over 100 years, every aspect of the Guv’nor has been carefully selected to evoke the glory of path racing history. Add to this the benefits of Sturmey Archer hub brakes, enclosed to be reliable in all weathers, and puncture resistant Schwalbe tyres and the Guv’nor becomes the epitome of refined British road cycling with the very best componentry.
The Guv’nor is a real head  turner that has the performance to match, guaranteed to give you years of riding and racing pleasure.

Key Features :

  • Iconic North Road handlebars: A Path Racer wouldn’t be complete without North Road dropped handlebars. These beautiful swept bars offer iconic style and a relaxed racing position. Finished with Pashley’s hand-crafted fine leather grips.

  • Brass ‘ping’ Bell: A classic bell that is a refined addition to any bicycle. The bell has a domed shape body with a simple sprung finger mechanism that sounds out a clear ‘ting’ to let others know you’re approaching.  The bell can be attached to either the handlebars or the stem.

  • Low maintenance hub brakes and gears: enclosed and sealed from all weathers, hub brakes and gears are long-lasting and robust and give excellent stopping power come rain or shine.

  • Westwood rims with gold hand-lined pin-striping: manufactured to exactly the same profile as the original steel rims, these special Westwood rims feature a wide single-wall cross section in aluminium for corrosion resistance and reduced weight.

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  • Classic cream tyres with puncture protection and reflective side-walls: With robust, densely-woven carcass’ that offer great puncture resistance, but using a fabric that needs less rubber coating and thus has a reduced weight. An inner Kevlar Guard belt provides additional puncture protection and a reflective band around the circumference of the tyre walls provide extra visibility after darkness.

  • Traditional Brooks B17 leather saddle with titanium chassis: A 100 year old design, this saddle is the lightweight titanium chassis version of Brooks’ flagship model. The leather allows the saddle to breathe and form to your shape over time becoming uniquely comfortable. It’s finished with large hand-beaten copper rivets and comes with handy rear luggage loops.

  • Iconic Path Racer frame with dynamic riding position: Authentic 1930s frame with long stable wheelbase and relaxed steering geometry, suited to speed cycling as well as longer day rides. The frame is hand-built using 100 year old traditional methods - with original lightweight Reynolds 531 tubing hand-brazed into lugs - for the attention to detail that only a frame crafted by hand can possess. With traditional tubular crown forks and specially formed D section stays.

Frame Traditional lugged and brazed Reynolds 531 frame
Forks Tubular crown hand brazed
Handlebars North Road with handmade leather grips
Shifters 1 Speed Trigger shifter
Chainset Polished alloy crankset (46T, 170mm) with guard.
Front Brake Sturmey Archer hub brakes
Rear Brake Sturmey Archer hub brakes
Rims 28 inch with gold piped black rims
Rear Hub Sturmey Archer XRD single speed hub
Tyres 26 x 1/3/8" Cream Schwalbe Delta Cruiser tyres with Kevlar Guard belt puncture protection and reflective side walls. Front
26 x 1/3/8" Cream Schwalbe Delta Cruiser tyres with Kevlar Guard belt puncture protection and reflective side walls. Rear
Pedals MKS Sylvan Stream.
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87164-295615 Buckingham Black 20 Buckingham Black 20 £835.00 £835.00
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Guvnor 1 Speed 26 2017 Hybrid Bike

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Download Activator on iOS 8.4

If you are in the habit of jailbreaking your iOS devices, then you probably already known that many jailbreak tweaks depend upon the Activator tweak to function properly. Just recently, this important tweak has received an important update, prior to which, it would crash the SpringBoard and cause the iOS 8.4 device to reboot into safe mode.

Image : Activator 8.4 Download on Cydia

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If you are already having Activator installed on your jailbroken iOS device, you just need to update it to the latest version by going to the Changes tab in Cydia and tapping the refresh button. The Activator has been updated to version 1.9.5, which makes it perfectly compatible with iOS 8.4 while bringing in new features and fixing the older issues, making it better and more stable.

However, if you are new to jailbreaking and do not have Activator on your jailbroken iOS device, then this tutorial is meant for you. As an introduction to Activator, you must know that Activator package created by developer Ryan Petrich is required by many popular tweaks as the main component for them to function properly.

Image : Activator Direct Settings on iOS 9 Home Screen

activator_ios_9 (1)

A good thing about Activator is that it is one of those tweaks which get updated and developed constantly because of the fact that the jailbreaking world just cannot make do without it. But this can, of course, be a blessing and a curse as well, as Activator’s incompatibility with a particular iOS version can cause a lot of other tweaks to not function. Fortunately, Ryan is a very dedicated developer and ensures that Activator remains ahead in the game always.

Activator is available on Ryan’s own repository and the latest version 1.9.5 is actually now fully active public version . Ryan always takes precautions with previous beta releases by announcing to the users that the upload is a pre-release tweak and can contain bugs, as is the case with beta apps and tweaks. Having said that, Ryan also encourages those who download and use the beta version of his tweak to provide bug reports and feedbacks about the potential problems of the beta releases.

Activator 1.9.5 Repo :

Activator 1.9.4 beta offered initial support for iOS 8.4 while fixing action banners. It also has got an alert dialogue now which is displayed while preventing access to the Activator APIS from other extensions and tweaks. So in case you still don’t have this amazing tweak installed in your jailbroken iOS device, follow the below-given easy steps to download and install Activator on iOS 8.4.

How to Download Activator on iOS 8.4

  1. Launch Cydia in your jailbroken iOS 8.4 device. cydia ios 9 iphone repo source add3
  2. Go to the Manage tab and select the Sources option. cydia ios 9 iphone repo source add3
  3. Next, tap on the Edit button given in the top-right corner of the screen, followed by the Add button.cydia ios 9 iphone repo source add0cydia ios 9 iphone repo source add1
  4. Add Ryan’s repo: ios 9 iphone repo source add2
  5. Now go to the Changes tab in Cydia and tap on Refresh, which will refresh the repositories. cydia changes1
  6. You now can search for Activator in Cydia and download it, or you can browse directly to Ryan’s repo from the Sources tab and download the tweak directly from there.  activator 1.9.5
  7. Just tap on the Install button given in the top-right corner of the screen. Activator will download and get installed on your iOS 8.4 device.

Activator 1.9.5 for iOS 8.4 is a great tweak which you must compulsorily have in order to run other major tweaks.

Stay tuned to the latest happenings in the iOS and jailbreak scene by joining our Newsletter and follow us on Facebook .

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When it comes to pickup trucks, these models prove that, on some occasions, bigger isn’t always better — even in Texas

CASEY WILLIAMS  | Auto Reviewer

I love cute little cowboys, all dressed up in their western wear for a night at the club. They buy their perfect little boots, perfectly matched to their belts, boleros, and chaps. Of course, they have a hat on their salon locks. Like adorable Trace on Bravo’s Flipping Out, they are almost too cute to do real work, even if they look hot in their tight pants and rippling shirts. If a boy has to have a truck, these look as beautiful as your favorite club queen, but can do marginally more work than a picky boy’s apprentice.

Toyota Tacoma
BACK TO THE FUTURE | The Toyota Tacoma introduces the hardworking Wild West to the Final Frontier with futuristic control options and programming.

Toyota Tacoma

For children of the ’80s, Toyota’s compact pickup still rules the cool — mostly because of its starring role in Back to the Future. Toyota’s Tacoma, the direct descendent of Marty’s fly ride, is one of the best. It comes in enough cab configurations to please quick change artists on America’s Got Talent and projects power from an available 236-HP V6 engine, AWD and a locking rear differential.

A sci-fi electronics barrage that would have stunned Wild West quick shooters includes hill start control, descent control and electronic stability programming. X-Runner models, like a packhorse come thoroughbred, can grip almost a full G in the curves and trot from 0–60 mph in less than seven seconds. Properly equipped, Tacoma can tow up to 6,500 pounds — plenty for a couple of jet skis or your momma’s wardrobe.

If your next truck must last forever, experience the original object of Biff’s labor and affection. Pick a color you like because it as durable as the day is long. Just $16,365 will roll one out the saloon doors in high style.

Nissan Frontier
CREATURE COMFORT | The Nissan Frontier shows its power on the inside as well as the out. Air conditioning and heating are surprising stars after a hot summer day or a chilly autumn morning.

Nissan Frontier

If John Wayne had a scout troop, he might salute the Nissan Frontier like a Rockwell painting. It is ready to haul camping gear with enough space to stuff in three tenderfoots. Modern style sets it apart while the base cloth interior works just fine. While inside, everybody will appreciate freeze-my-nubbins-air-conditioning, roast-your- chestnuts-heating and dual glove boxes sized like saddlebags.

Moving the tough pickup through rough and ramble, is an available 4.0-liter V6 engine that generates 261-HP. A 152-HP 2.5-liter four-cylinder engine conserves hops for fuel economy ratings of 19/23-MPG. Four-wheel-drive models include a shift-on-the-fly system to engage all hooves. Hill Descent Control repels drivers down inclines; Hill Start Assist lets you release the brake and not roll back for up to two seconds while you move your foot to the throttle — just enough time to make a clean lunge at run-away steers or quick-turning Tacomas. That’s a lot of mule for $17,540.

Chevy Colorado
LIKE A ROCK | The Chevy Colorado and GMC Canyon may be petite, but function with a lot of muscle.

Chevy Colorado/GMC Canyon

Their names sound like wild open adventure, but these similar trucks range from hard working ranch hands to low-riding satin cowpokes. The former takes mulch, sod or anything you need to haul with stout four-wheel-drive while the latter is low-slung and otherwise modified to look right at home on dance row with its bed stuffed full of go-go boys.

Equipped with a four-cylinder engine, these trucks achieve up to 18/25-MPG city/hwy. Most come with the mid-grade 242-HP five-cylinder engine. An available 5.3-liter 300-HP V8 is the best choice if you want to do real work or make a quick gallop away from stoplights. Strong bodies and sure traction would be great companions in any bunkhouse. To keep these petite cowboys in the rodeo, GM needs to prime the pump and birth out a couple of new ones. Until then, a base price of $16,985 is easy to chow.

Ford Ranger
DOUBLE DUTY | Not only does the Ford Ranger maintain the durability and strength for working in the field, its styling can hold up at any upscale function. How’s that for versatile?

Ford Ranger

Ford’s Ranger, while prettied and buffed over the years, rides on a chassis that has been around since Chevy built Chevettes, making it old enough to have sired the latest crop of worker bees. Ranger is available in Regular Cab and SuperCab bodies. Base models are driven by a 143-HP four-cylinder engine; select the 207-HP V6 for more serious bench pressing. The stiff suspension sometimes bucks like Biff’s convertible under a load of manure, but there is no questioning the Ranger’s work ethic.

Ranger is kept current with updated exterior trim and wheels that shine this stone. Interiors are equipped with an iPod jack and Sirius Satellite Radio. Simple controls and durable materials stay true to the truck’s main mission of moving people and stuff over sometimes rough terrain. Its longevity speaks camp tales, but it is starting to look like a curvy mare compared to the younger studs on the ranch. A base price of $17,820 provides enough upside to slam some chrome shoes, body graphics, and bedliner on this cowboy to make him glow under any lights.

Whether you think they are petite cowboys or just the Four Amigos, these compact trucks provide all of the high-hoofed abilities that most city slickers really need with a sense of style that doesn’t make them a social outcast in the Oak Room. If cute little Trace doesn’t get flipped in West Hollywood, he would look suave driving one of these slick shoots.

This article appeared in Dallas Voice’s DRIVE! Supplement November 5, 2010.