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"Unconventionals are easy to find but hard to get"

January 16, 2012 | 00:00

Geology Professor Jan de Jager (ex-Shell) puts West European shale gas prospects in perspective

"Unconventionals are easy to find but hard to get"

Don't expect a US-style boom in shale gas production in Western Europe. It's still not proven that economically viable reserves of shale gas even exist over here. Compared with North America, the regions in Europe characterized by the necessary geological conditions for shale gas are scarce. This is the opinion of Jan de Jager, newly appointed professor in Regional and Petroleum Geology at the University of Utrecht, who before his appointment worked as exploration geologist for Shell for over 30 years. In an interview with science journalist Annemieke van Roekel, De Jager notes that unconventional gas tends to be 'easy to find, but hard to produce' - certainly in North Western Europe.

Exploring for shale gas (photo: The Australian)
Few people have more experience trying to find new – including “unconventional” – sources of oil and gas than Jan de Jager. Before his appointment last November in the Shell-sponsored Chair for Regional and Petroleum Geology at the VrijeUniversiteit(Free University) in Amsterdam (as of the 1st of January 2012 this chair was transferred to the University of Utrecht), he worked for more than 30 years as exploration geologist for the Dutch-English oil company.

His job at Shell was “global exploration advisor” and “principal expert risk and volume assessment” for unexplored prospects. He was responsible for formulating the guidelines for determining the probability that a drilling would be successful and estimating the volumes that could be found. This meant, in his words, that ‘I had to make sure that all exploration geologists worked in a consistent and correct manner’. His job included setting guidelines for estimating unconventional gas volumes.

Most recently at Shell he led a team of ‘highly experienced and respected people with various backgrounds’ with the task of helping exploration teams worldwide to improve their creativity and trying to find new ways of finding and producing more oil and gas. ‘I lived and worked for Shell on all continents except Antarctica’, he says.

In his new academic post – for which he held his inaugural speech on November 3 – he will initiate research into the composition of sedimentary basins in order to enhance the predictability of petroleum potential in areas where little exploration has yet been carried out. He’s the third Shell Professor for this chair “Regional and Petroleum Geology”.

The production of unconventional gas (and oil) has become one of the key issues in the energy market in recent years after the “shale gas revolution” in the US, which is now being exported to the rest of the world. Shale gas production is increasingly being criticized on environmental grounds, particularly in Western Europe. The French Parliament has even prohibited all unconventional gas production for the time being. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, the economic benefits of unconventional gas are stressed.

De Jager believes environmental risks of shale gas production are limited (‘no greater than for conventional gas production’). But he doubts whether significant economically viable unconventional gas reserves exist in countries like Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and England. Annemieke van Roekel spoke with De Jager in his new university office in Amsterdam.

Why are the conditions for shale gas in Europe and the United States so different?

“That’s linked to the composition of the subsurface. Shale is effectively deeply buried clay; and if that clay comprises a high degree of organic matter it could be a layer that contains recoverable reserves of shale gas. The organic material is made up from the remains of plankton – tiny single-cell organisms – deposited on ocean and sea beds millions of years ago. These layers were subsequently buried deep in the earth’s crust. A combination of high pressure and high temperatures results in the formation of oil at a depth of some three kilometres; for gas formation higher temperatures are required and the organic layer must have been buried to a depth of at least four kilometres.
Shale gas tends to only be recoverable once these compacted layers have come to lie somewhat closer to the surface due to movements in the earth’s crust. And it’s precisely this geological sequence of deep burial followed by upward pressure that’s occurred in large parts of the United States. The substrata containsshales that are millions of years old, stretching across the territories of several states, such as the Marcellus Shale in the eastern US. Around 10 million years ago these layers were pushed upwards once more and they now lie some 1.5 kilometres below the earth’s surface, an ideal depth for gas production. Here in the Netherlands it remains to be seen whether the shales with sufficient organic matter have been buried deep enough or been hot enough in the past to actually result in gas generation. What’s more, even if they are, we don’t yet know if they can be developed economically.”

So above all it's the geological history that determines shale gas potential?

“That’s one condition. In the United States shale gas production has been able to really take off because of the freedom afforded to oil cowboys – formally they’re known as independents – to prospect for shale gas. And US landowners also stand to benefit from any fossil fuels found on their land. That
With such big financial interests, farmers are more likely to say: come and drill my land to bits. The environment quickly takes a back seat
makes it attractive for them to allow exploration and production on their property. In Europe the government is the owner of any discoveries more than 700 metres underground; landowners don’t stand to gain anything much. But an American farmer who allows oil and gas drilling on his land can become very wealthy very quickly. With such big financial interests, farmers are more likely to say: come and drill my land to bits. The environment quickly takes a back seat.
Another significant difference between the United States and Europe when it comes to shale gas production is population density. In built-up Europe it’s far more difficult to acquire the necessary permits to create a dense network of drilling wells. In the exploration phase, wells need to be drilled every couple of kilometres, but in the production phase the density of the wells is far greater: as much as every couple of hundred metres. You can see these grids on satellite images of the dry, sparsely populated areas in the US where shale gas is produced. It looks terrible and in Western Europe it would be inconceivable. Nowadays drilling technologies exist that are capable of limiting the damage to the landscape, such as deviated (horizontal) drilling of many wells from a single central borehole and subsequently curving the wells to drill horizontally in the gas-bearing rock. Deviated drilling is already quite common in oil and gas exploration and production.”

In your inaugural lecture you emphasized the need for exploration geologists to use their creativity. Would you care to expand on this?

“Using a combination of seismology (the visualisation of deep underground layers using sound waves; editor) and drilling really only yields a limited picture of the substrata. The resolution of seismic images is quite limited, while boreholes constitute little more than local pinpricks. Test drillings during the exploration phase are characterized by intervals of several kilometres, so effectively we know very little about large areas in between the boreholes and are forced to seek recourse to seismic models. On average, the success rate of an exploratory borehole amounts to around 40 percent. As such there’s a 60 percent chance that a test well – the costs of which could run into tens of millions – ends up yielding nothing. But if an exploratory drilling is successful, the costs of any unsuccessful boreholes are more than recouped.
For both conventionals and unconventionals it’s essential to create a clear picture of the deep substructure in the exploratory phase, based on a model that combines both seismic and drilling data. In this way an exploration geologist can point out the potential prospects – structures in the substrata that could result in gas or oil production. If you’re not creative in this process you won’t gain an insight into how oil and gas is trapped in the rock structures, as it were. Sometimes you’ll be proved right; at other times you’ll be way off the mark. That’s all in the game.”

In which geological formations in Western Europe is shale gas being sought?

“Particularly those shales that contain a relatively high proportion of organic material look promising. In the Netherlands you’re looking at shales from the Jurassic and the Carboniferous. In the case of Jurassic shales, the most interesting is the Posidonia Formation, a band of thirty to sixty metres thick dating back 180 million years that lies around three kilometres below the surface in the Netherlands and extends into Germany and France. Exploratory drilling for shale gas in Germany and Sweden has so far been unsuccessful. Currently it’s thought that the Baltic region represents the biggest potential for
Exploratory drilling for shale gas in Germany and Sweden has so far been unsuccessful. Currently it's thought that the Baltic region represents the biggest potential for recoverable shale gas
recoverable shale gas, for example in countries such as Poland. What’s more, Poland is eager to end its dependence on Russia for fossil fuels, so that also plays a role. The Kimmeridge Clay is also a good candidate, but as it’s located under the North Sea, where any shale gas reserves won’t be economically recoverable for a long time to come. Offshore production of shale gas isn’t viable due to the dense network of wells that’s required and the high costs of offshore drilling. A second possible formation for the Netherlands is the Geverik Formation, which is considerably older and lies at the base of the Carboniferous; in England this layer is known as the Bowen Shale. But I’d say drilling company Cuadrilla’s recent estimates of the shale gas potential of England’s Bowen Shale are highly premature. Cuadrilla has put the figure at 200 trillion cubic feet of shale gas (or 5600 billion cubic metres, which is about 65 years of current UK consumption). Generally speaking several dozens ofexploration and production wells are required to arrive at anything like a realistic estimate of commercially viable recoverable reserves of non-conventional gas in a particular region. We’re not nearly there yet.”

The IEA predicts that the share of unconventional gas in total gas production is set to almost double to 22 percent in the period to 2035, with shale gas accounting for a 9 percent share. So which unconventional sources of gas production are we talking about in the 21st century?

“Given the unprecedented surge in shale gas production in the US at present, those figures don’t surprise me at all. Alongside shale gas, another two unconventials are currently important for gas production: coal bed methane and basin centred gas. Coal bed methane, now being produced in countries such as Australia and China, is the mine gas emanating from coal seams so infamous among mineworkers because of its explosive properties. The Dutch gas field in Groningen results from gas generated fromcoal seams from the 300 million year-old Carboniferous. Those deep coal bands – the source rock – still generate gas. Drilling directly into these bands is viewed as an unconventional source. Gas production is made more difficult because of the relatively thin coal seams, at most a couple of metres, which make drilling a great deal more complex. Gas production from coal seams lying at a depth of more than 1200 metres is generally speaking not possible, because due to the pressure of the layers on top this kind of rock gains plasticity, becoming less porous and permeable.
A third potential source of unconventional gas, basin centred gas, is also known as ‘tight gas’ – a general term for gas in poorly producing reservoir rocks. These reservoir rocks were deposited many millions of years ago in river deltas characterized by a mix of sand, clay and coal layers that -- like the gas-rich shale bands -- have been buried deep beneath the earth’s crust and subsequently forced upwards again closer to the surface. Basin-centred gas has also taken off in the United States; thanks to the continent’s geological make-up this type of gas is present in large quantities across wide areas in the US. Some of the gas from the source rock has migrated to shallower conventional gas structures in porous sand layers, while some has stayed behind in rocks situated close to the source rock with a very low degree of porosity and permeability; that’s the unconventional source. The pores have clogged up due to mineral and clay deposits combined with high temperatures and pressure. In such tight structures the gas is relatively immobile and so requires fracking, which increases costs.”

What do all these unconventionals have in common?
“All unconventionals are characterized by the fact that they can occur over a wide area and are thus relatively easy to find, but also that the gas is locked into poorly yielding rock formations and is therefore difficult to produce. The key is to find the so-called ‘sweet spots’ with reservoir characteristics sufficient for commercially viable production.
With conventional sources, the oil or gas has collected in porous reservoir rock, generally sandstone, situated relatively close to the surface. That makes it relatively easy to produce. Conventional gasfields are relatively small with the gas occurring above water-holding reservoir rock. The gas has forced the water out, as it were, and accumulated above the water level: as such there's always a clear contact with water. What's more, the reservoir rock will have been covered with an impermeable seal, so that the gas hasn't been able to escape.
This contrasts with unconventionals such as shale gas, where the gas remains locked within the richly organic, highly impermeable rock in which it was formed, the source rock – or in the case of basin centred gas, in the poorly permeable rock close to the coal seam. There the gas is hidden in minuscule pores, as result of which it is practically or wholly immobile. First space has to be created so the molecules can be mobilized. And that´s exactly what is achieved by fracking: the rock is subjected to pressure by injecting jets of water into it. By adding sand we ensure that the hairline cracks (fracs) created by the water jets can’t close up. The sand effectively acts as a type of wedge, ensuring that the pores remain open.
Generally speaking you could say that unconventionals are easy to find but hard to produce. When it comes to conventionals, it’s the other way round: difficult to find but easy to produce.”

Estimates of Dutch potential shale gas reserves run to thousands of billions of cubic metres. Aren’t those figures inflated?

“High estimates such as these are based on the total volume of gas present in the substrata. Nobody doubts the presence of gas-rich source rock in the Netherlands. But only a fraction of the available gas is technically recoverable in an economically viable way. Together with a fellow geologist, professor Rien Herber, I believe that the Netherlands harbours several tens of billions to at most several hundred billions of cubic metres in recoverable unconventional gas reserves. Based on an annual consumption of 50 billion cubic metres, this amounts to only a few years of national consumption. This of course would still represent an important volume, and I am very supportive of further research into the possibilities for economically viable non-conventional gas production in the Dutch subsurface.”

Despite current production, estimates of potential conventional worldwide oil and gas reserves have remained unchanged. Past estimates were clearly too low. Why are estimates of oil and gas reserves mostly so conservative?

“As a company, you must gauge the recoverable reserves based on the technology available at that time. According to New York Stock Exchange regulations, proven reserves are those reserves that can be produced profitably in the prevailing economic conditions on the basis of existing technology. Advances in technology over the last few decades have boosted our ability to operate in areas where oil
Proven reserves are those reserves that can be produced profitably in the prevailing economic conditions on the basis of existing technology
and gas are difficult to recover. Fifty years ago it was inconceivable that we could ever drill in deep-sea locations! Another example is the Netherlands’ Schoonebeek oilfield, the biggest land-based field in Western Europe with a billion barrels of oil in-place. Only 15 years ago production from this field was stopped when oil production rates became sub-economic, after a quarter of the total volume had been produced. Production at the field was recently resumed because we can now extract a further 100 million barrels of relatively viscous oil with the aid of steam injection. Thanks to current technology, the recoverable reserve turns out to be not 25 percent but 35 percent. Shale gas offers similar examples. We’ve known for some time that shale gas reserves lie beneath our feet. And now we have the technical resources to produce them.”

It looks like the general public has difficulty with these advances in technology. How do you view the public concern that has led to projects being halted in some West European countries and even a moratorium on shale gas production?

“Public concern is mainly targeted at fracking techniques, and I believe it’s an exaggerated response. Hydraulic fracturing is a proven technology that’s been used for several decades in conventional production to boost yields. Fracking in shale requires more water and more pressure, but to my mind that doesn’t increase the safety risk. In England minor tremors have been reported, but these didn’t exceed 2 on the Richter scale. You can’t feel tremors like that, but they can be measured.
The increased pressures placed on regions where non-conventional gas is produced does however constitute cause for concern, in my view. The production of shale gas requires a high incidence of drilling. This could place a strain on a rural environment due to traffic nuisance caused by the tank lorries delivering the water required for the fracking. That nuisance carries on into the production phase which calls for renewed fracking at regular intervals when the field’s production yields decline. The drilling itself occasions only a temporary nuisance: the drill towers defacing the skyline are only kept in place for the actual drilling and the production facilities are far lower and smaller in size. In addition you can limit the environmental impact by drilling several boreholes horizontally from a single location.”

Alongside safety risks, critics moot environmental concerns such as contamination of ground water. Are those concerns also unfounded?

Schematic geology of natural gas resources (source: EIA)
“If the work is undertaken with the necessary care the groundwater should not become contaminated. The potential shale gas layers in the Netherlands are all situated considerably below the water table. The risk of leakage or seepage is minimized by lining the bore well with metal casings. After drilling for several tens of metres the first casing is placed in the well and cemented to the surrounding stone. Subsequently drilling is resumed and a second casing is placed, then they drill even deeper and place a third casing. That way there’s a minimum protection of at least three layers at the level of the groundwater. You can never be 100 percent certain, of course, but the environmental risk is no greater than in conventional oil and gas production.”

EER's coverage of the unconventional gas revolution

In EER, we have extensively covered the unconventional gas revolution from the start. Here are some of our major articles on this topic:

Translation: Niall Martin, nmartin@xs4all.nl

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Hillary Clinton and Bon Jovi Do Mannequin Challenge

It's that time of year again, everyone! And no, I'm not talking about the election (that's obvious).

I'm referring to the time when a bizarre hashtag trend sweeps the internet, leaving us bewildered but compelled to give it a try.

Throughout the past few days, you might've noticed a wave of videos online showing groups of people frozen in place. It's called the #MannequinChallenge, and it's competitive AF.

But earlier today, the winners of the challenge became clear, so you can stop trying now.

Their names are Hillary Clinton and Jon Bon Jovi.

On Tuesday morning, Clinton shared a video of her campaign team partaking in the Mannequin Challenge on Twitter, and they nailed it.

The nominee and her companions stood still in dramatic poses aboard her campaign plane on Monday following a campaign event in Raleigh, according to CNN.

The main goal behind the video wasn't just to follow a funny internet trend, though. As stated in Clinton's Twitter post, she wants people to not stand still -- she wants them to go out and vote.

Don't stand still. Vote today.

Don't stand still. Vote today: #ElectionDay #MannequinChallenge — Hillary Clinton (@HillaryClinton) November 8, 2016

As the cameraman scans the plane, you'll notice a few familiar faces frozen in place among the various campaign members standing still in the seats and aisles.

Bill Clinton is featured toward the end of the segment cracking a smile, as well as Clinton's aide Huma Abedin.

Shortly after, the camera pans onto Hillary Clinton, who stood still while gazing at Bon Jovi, who was frozen with his acoustic guitar in his arms.

Moments later, everyone on the plane breaks their poses and bursts into laughter and applause.

Awesome work, everyone!

Hopefully this "win" is just a prediction for tonight's election. Let's cross our fingers.

Take it from Hillary, though: Don't stand still. VOTE TODAY.

Citations: CNN

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Calling All Super Readers

For those of you who read this blog, you'll know that I love movies. Growing up in a small town in the upper midwest, my family went to the movies at least once a week, sometimes twice. In the years before the internet, movies & books were my escape, showing me interpretations of lives I otherwise would have never had access to. And it was probably no accident that I watched Kate Winslet in Titanic six times in the theater.

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3 Actionable List Building Strategies

Imagine if you make a simple change in your website and you see an instant boost in the number of email subscribers. Well, it will be your lucky day as you can generate business from these leads. However, how frequently are you able to strike such a tuning with the subscribers? Building a strong email list is a prime requisite when it comes to email marketing because without the email addresses of the subscribers, reaching their inbox is impossible. You need to focus on following three actionable list building strategies. However, clean the list using email verifier on a regular basis.

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External Memory Addressing...

Started by lenux22 June 26, 2003

We use HCS12 controller in 80-pin package (DG128).
External RAM memory chip is 64 Kb. I set controller to Normal Expanded Wide mode. In IAR compiler to access the external RAM I use pointer to window 0x8000 - 0xBFFF such as:
unsigned char *mem_arr;
mem_arr = (unsigned char *) 0x8000;
Before reading/writing array mem_arr I set PPAGE register to value 0.
Then use mem_arr[ X ] = Y, or Y = mem_arr[X] controller sucessfully perform read/write operation. (We also see ECLK, PORT A, PORT B,
PORTE signals). So I can addressing 16K of my external RAM. I think, setting PPAGE to 1 (or other number less then 0x38) can access to other (next) 16K. But I stay in my previous 16K external memory range.
Changing PPAGE value does'not affect any address signals (PORT A, PORT B), so I see only 0x8000 - 0xBFFF address on my RAM chip's pins. But I want use all address (0x0 - 0xFFFF ) of my 64K RAM chip. I also try to use BDM to access external RAM but there is the same situation :(


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Shahid said, "Haan main baap banne waala hun (Yes, I am going to be a father soon)!"

The grapevine was rife that Shahid's wife Mira Rajput was pregnant ever since she was spotted with a baby bump at a fashion event.

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Shahid and Mira married in an intimate ceremony in New Delhi on July 7, 2015.

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Sharjah Light Festival 2017 begins in 14 locations across emirate

Pic: Ashok Verma

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The 10-day event will conclude on 11th February.

The festival has been organised by the Sharjah Commerce and Tourism Development Authority, SCTDA, under the patronage of H.H. Dr. Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Sharjah.

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Belgian special police forces take position on the roof of a house during an operation in the Forest district of Brussels on March 15, 2016. (AFP)

UPDATE: The suspect gunned down in a Brussels shootout with police was found with a Daesh flag, a Kalashnikov assault rifle and a book of Salafist literature next to his body, Belgian prosecutors said on Wednesday.

Thierry Werts, a spokesman for anti-terror prosecutors, told a press conference that the man had been identified as 35-year-old Belkaid Mohamed, an Algerian national who was illegally in Belgium.

"Next to the body was a Kalashnikov, a book on Salafism and a Daesh flag," Werts said.

Mohamed was ‘neutralised’ by police snipers on Tuesday in response to heavy gunfire from the building where police on a routine search had stumbled upon him.

Werts said that "two persons who were probably in the flat and whose identity is not known fled the scene and are being tracked down".

Searches throughout the southern district of Brussels found ‘no results,’ he said.
Prime Minister Charles Michel said a vast police operation was still under way in Brussels after the shootout in which four police officers were slightly wounded.

A vast police operation was under way in Brussels on Wednesday after a Kalashnikov-wielding assailant was killed and four officers wounded during an anti-terror search linked to the Paris attacks.

Federal prosecutors were to hold a news conference at 0930 GMT amid widespread media reports that two suspects were either arrested or still on the run, possibly brothers with links to terrorism.

"The investigation continues and the danger remains," Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel told the broadcaster RTL, though he refused to provide any further details concerning an ongoing investigation.

Michel said operations had continued throughout the night. He did not rule out that the terror alert in Brussels could be raised to the highest level after a meeting of the national security council later in the day.

Gunfire in the suburbs

A team of Belgian and French police were taken by surprise as they carried out a routine search Tuesday on a property in the quiet suburb of Forest, or Vorst by its Dutch name.

The police intervention sparked a series of gun battles that wounded four officers and left children trapped in nearby schools.

Michel thanked residents for their ‘composure’ as bursts of gunfire erupted in the streets and dozens of heavily-armed police with balaclavas and sub-machineguns patrolled the area.

The mayor of Forest, Marc-Jean Ghyssels, told RTBF radio that all schools and nurseries in his jurisdiction were open on Wednesday and that life was back to normal.

"There wasn't a direct threat to the public, it's a search that turned badly," he said.

The dead person had not been identified but prosecutors said it was not Salah Abdeslam, a key suspect in the November 13 attacks in Paris claimed by the Daesh group, which killed 130 people.

A French police source said the operation was focused on the associates of one, or several, of 11 people who have been charged in Belgium in connection with the Paris attacks.

"In this operation, one or several people opened fire on the police as they came through the door" of the property in an initial search, the federal prosecutor's office said in a statement.

"One suspect armed with a Kalashnikov-type assault rifle was killed in an assault" by police about three hours later, it said, adding that officers were "actively pursuing investigations, day and night".

A French policewoman, who Justice Minister Koen Geens said had been helping in a joint investigation between French and Belgian police, was among three officers wounded in the initial assault. A fourth was hurt in an exchange of fire.

Security forces launched a huge operation after the gun battle broke out, cordoning off the area with vehicles while a police helicopter hovered overhead, AFP reporters at the scene said.

As the scene unfolded, children and teachers in two schools and two nurseries nearby were asked to remain indoors. They were eventually let out one-by-one, accompanied by armed police.

Police later started letting people back into their homes and 50 people who had been trapped in an Aldi supermarket were also allowed out.

Brussels lockdown

By early Tuesday calm had largely returned to the area and most locals had been allowed to return to their home. Access to the scene of the shootout was also reopened.

The incident took place across the street from an Audi auto factory and the train lines leading to the Eurostar cross-channel terminal at the Gare du Midi railway station.

Soldiers are still on guard at key areas including train stations and EU institutions.

Two weeks after the Paris attacks, Brussels was put on five days of lockdown with authorities warning of an imminent threat of violence as the manhunt for Abdeslam continued.

Abdeslam, 26, who is believed to have played a key role in organising the Paris attacks, fled across the border to Belgium hours after the carnage and is now one of the most wanted men in Europe.

He was reportedly holed up for three weeks after the Paris attacks in an apartment in the Schaerbeek district in north Brussels, where police found a fingerprint, traces of explosives and possible suicide belts.


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Pope Francis, Joe Biden praise UAE

Sultan bin Khalifa with Pope Francis (Wam)

Pope Francis has praised the United Arab Emirates and the Sultan bin Khalifa Humanitarian and Scientific Foundation for their efforts in the field of medicine and health at the local and global level.

During a speech at the 3rd World Conference on Regenerative Medicine, held in Rome, the Pope also urged doctors and scientists to give greater attention to patient care and treatment of chronic and rare diseases, and called on them to work together using technology and analysis to find treatments for diseases and tumours.

The conference was attended by a delegation from the Sultan bin Khalifa Al Nahyan Humanitarian and Scientific Foundations, led by Dr. Sheikh Sultan bin Khalifa bin Zayed.

Also present was US Vice-President, Joe Biden, who praised the UAE for its rapid development and desire to progress humanity, both of which he said that he witnessed first-hand on a recent visit, when he met His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces.

Dr. Sheikh Sultan met both Pope Francis and Joe Biden during the conference, which was held from April 28th to 30th. Dr. Sheikh Sultan expressed his gratitude for their kind words and hailed the conference a success.


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ealdorman in early usage could indicate a patriarch, prince, or ruler. This should nuance the impact of the term in the laws of King Ine, c.700, where the ealdorman appears as a functionary, in charge of a scir (shire) and subject to dismissal. In another context such men would probably appear as subreguli (under-kings). The shires concerned may already have been the historic shires of Wessex, which the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle's account of the Vikings showed to have been in existence by the 9th cent., the forces of each led by an ealdorman. A grander usage of the term is its application to King Alfred's son-in-law, Æthelred, ealdorman of the Mercians. He was almost a king. In the 10th cent. shire ealdormen disappear. The term is then applied to such great men as Athelstan ‘half-king’, ealdorman of much of eastern England. From the early 11th cent. the Scandinavian term ‘earl’ is used for such potentates. But the general sense of ‘ealdorman’ as indicative of authority gave the term lasting life, in particular in towns.

James Campbell

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Maintain or reinvest in a corona treater? What's a converter to do?

Can you afford to maintain your old surface treater?

Your organization has probably seen its share of recent downsizing. And your resources are spread about as thin as can be. As you look to do more with less it can be a difficult time to justify an investment in new equipment. But how much is that old equipment really costing you? And how smart are you when it comes time to make repairs?

Consider the cost of downtime. What does it cost you to have your production line down for 1 hour? How about for 8 hours? The dollars add up in a hurry.

Well you're not alone. Many companies are trying to be more self-reliant with less staff and older equipment. In fact, Enercon's service department helps companies like yours out of jams on a regular basis. Our service team is receiving more calls than usual as more companies are trying to "get-by" with older systems.

We recently had a customer ask us why his treater would be operating intermittently. (The most difficult problems to solve are ones that aren't consistent.) It turns out that the customer had replaced some old parts, and in the process disconnected some of the system's electrical wiring.

When they reattached the wires they failed to firmly attach the wires and unknowingly allowed the high voltage wire to rest in a position that resulted in severe arcing.

Enercon Resources

Fortunately Enercon customers have significant resources available to them to avoid these situations. You can visit our website for troubleshooting information or talk to a service expert who can often solve a problem over a phone line. We've maintained our incredible depth of service resources while many of our own customers have been downsizing.

Here's a quick tip you should definitely use. Buy yourself a digital camera. For $200 you can buy one of reasonable quality. The next time you have a problem take a photo and e-mail it to your supplier. A picture truly is worth a thousand words.

To buy or reinvest?

Sooner or later you'll have to make that tough decision on your aging treater. Should you put more money into it or look at an investment in a new one? Should your team tackle the problem or should you call in the experts?

Ask yourself these questions:

  • Can your team handle the repair work?
  • Does your team have time to do the work?
  • Will a new treater allow you to run faster?
  • Will a new treater allow you to run a wider range of substrates?
"Your old treater may have originally been manufactured for a different application... ...a new treater specifically designed for your application can improve productivity"

Signs you need a replacement

Let's start with an obvious one; if your power supply is too old to get parts for it, it's time to replace it. If you can hear your power supply running it means it's time to replace it. If the wires in your power supply are hand wired, it's time to replace it.

If you're experiencing repeated component failures it might be time to replace the system. If you can't get the same dyne level you once could, it might be time to replace the system.

That last one brings up an interesting point. It's entirely possible that the treater you're using was originally manufactured for a different application. In fact, you might not even be running the original substrate any more. In this case a new treater specifically designed for your application can improve productivity.

Used or new

Of course a new treater doesn't have to be brand new, just new to you. But finding a bargain is risky. Customers will call to ask about treaters they've found on the internet and in many cases the systems are outdated and usually sold "as is."

If you are considering a replacement system be sure to define the scope of your application. Our talented engineering team can prepare a proposal for your specific requirements. I think you might be surprised at how affordable a new treater can be when it is custom designed just for you.

As always we provide honest advice for free, so please call us the next time you're considering a new or used piece of equipment. We'll offer our opinion and any historical information we might have on the system you're looking at. We can also provide a competitive proposal so you can accurately compare the cost of a new system.

Tom Gilbertson, VP of Application Engineering for Enercon surface treating


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Best solar companies in
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Top rated solar panel installers in Barryton, MI

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Carbonado, WA
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Top rated solar panel installers in Carbonado, WA

2029 Companies  |  3691 Customer Reviews  |  4.0 Average Rating

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See the cost of solar in WA cities and towns

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by Engineer Designer on July 3, 2010

Sometime moving is not an option. Perhaps your home is regal and rare - yet "functionally obsolete".  Having two bathrooms (however small and boring) may have been quite a thing when it was built but by today's standards it just is not acceptable. Same may be true for kitchens and other spaces.

There are other reasons to renovate:
  • Even though the kids are growing moving from the neighborhood can disrupt family life. At times, creating and adding a new space is the only viable solution.
  • Today homes are not selling as quickly as they once did - yet change is needed now. Modifying your home or adding to it may be the most workable way to have the home your need and want.
  • Some cities are running out of vacant land. Renovation and updating existing homes can be the only viable solution available.
Solutions can include adding new spaces, converting spaces, or even "going up" with a new second story over a one story home. The possibilities can be quite amazing. However it is important to tie in with someone (or a team) who understands good design, engineering and construction. The Engineer Designer an help you with your project. Call, Contact or Chat today to learn more.
Is your home a bit obsolete? Do you need more space; perhaps another bathroom?; a larger kitchen? A new family room or porch? As home owners we have generally solved this by selling our home and looking for and buying another. The market has usually supported that. Sometimes we have purchased property and had that "perfect home" designed and built. But, alas, the "economy". Can't touch it. Can't even find it - but it is "there" and affecting many of our capabilities - or so we think. [click to continue…]
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Purchasing REO (Real Estate Owned) Property

by Engineer Designer on July 3, 2010

As sign of the time, unfortunately, banks are becoming owners of more and more homes that have been abandoned by their former owners. These home are placed on the marketÂ  in the banks attempt to recover at least part of their investment. Some good deals can be had but the condition of the structure, be it home or commercial building, can be a real "dog's breakfast". This can be for many reasons, but usually these units have gotten the short end of the former owner's attention. The homes were usually lost during very stressful time for the former owners, and much has been allowed to deteriorate. Issues can range from minor to major. [click to continue…]


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Plastic waste: the choices

29th August 2017

Posted By Paul Boughton

"I have pondered the hypocrisy of the UK patting itself on the back when 67% of the plastic we claim has been recycled has simply been shipped to countries no better equipped to deal with it than ourselves." - Adrian Griffiths, Founder and CEO, Recycling Technologies.

Adrian Griffiths looks at the issue of exporting plastic waste to be dumped in other countries and just what this means for the recycling industry

“The best way to predict your future is to create it.” This quote from Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States, gives a nod to the problematic issue of predicting the future.

Some things in life are easy to agree about, others just seem to gender ire whenever discussed: Energy from Waste and its future appears to be one of them.

I’m sure we all agree that recycling just 10% of plastic globally is far too low.

I’m equally sure that we are all outraged by the prediction that there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050, but what to do about it seems to be more divisive.

I have pondered the hypocrisy of the UK patting itself on the back when 67% of the plastic we claim has been recycled has simply been shipped to countries no better equipped to deal with it than ourselves, but with a poor track record on depositing plastic into the ocean.

The simple solution to this uncomfortable fact, is to ban the export of plastic waste and install the capacity to recycle >90% of it within country. But, I hear you ask, is this possible?

Technically it is, since combining mechanical recycling of plastic (reforming of pellets for moulders to use by separating, washing and re-extruding used plastic into more pellets) with chemical recycling (returning the plastic to its oil format and then making more virgin polymer from the oil, hence creating virgin quality plastic with recycled content), more than 90% of plastic can be recycled.

In fact, the first combined system is being constructed in Scotland as part of project Beacon, I hope this project will provide a beacon that inspires many to follow.

Clearly the weakness of the argument is in the phrase ‘the first system’, which succinctly highlights the capacity gap for chemically recycling plastic.

Filling this gap quickly may be more achievable than many might expect.

Within 10 years all the circa 5mt of plastic currently sent from the EU to the Far East for recycling each year could be processed in the country of origin, which would clear the conscience of rather a lot of people!

By 2050, it is entirely feasible that plastic recycling capacity could have been developed sufficiently so that recycling rates globally exceed 90%.

So technically it is possible, but often the harder question is one of political will. In this case, since the alternative to export is commercially attractive, the material value and the jobs associated with recycling it are kept in country, the benefits of a ban may resonates well in political circles.

Consequently, I’m optimistic that a ban on exporting waste plastic could become reality, boosting the rapid capacity development of a superior alternative.

Of course, some may support such an export ban, but call for more investment into Energy from Waste (EfW), saying is the only big scale, proven approach.

But does it really make sense to produce electricity from plastic?

I’m comfortable that using waste biomass material to produce electricity makes good environmental sense given it releases ‘short cycle’ carbon, but releasing the ‘long cycle’ carbon in plastic should in my mind be regarded with the same level of concern as electricity from coal or oil.

I accept that as a ‘transient technology’ recovering the energy from plastic is better than landfilling it, but once there are alternatives and now there are, the idea of using plastic for its energy value should be consigned to the history books along with coal and oil as quickly as possible.

Getting rid of the old is often easier than finding an alternative and I’m well aware that there is a growing demand for electricity.

If we simply remove plastic from the generation fuel mix would that have an adverse impact? The view, with a 2050 horizon, is very good on this front too.

The Electrical Power Vision report from EUREL (2013) predicts that in the ‘High Renewables’ scenario, 83% of electricity in the EU will be produced by renewables, virtually replacing fossil fuel altogether.

Given such a swing away from fossil fuel is possible, removing plastic from the electricity generaton fuel mix is inconsequential.

So, we can technically recycle more than 90% of all plastic. Can we agree to develop the necessary capacity?

If we do we will create the future where plastic not only has significant environmental benefits during its life, but sets the standard for recycling at the end of its life. A future where the need for landfill, EfW (for plastic) and its export are eliminated.

Adrian Griffiths is Founder and CEO at Recycling Technologies

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25 Reasons Why Hiring Relatives Is an Even Worse Idea Than You Suspected

Put family on your payroll and you'll never have to worry about leaving your comfort zone again
By John Rampton |

The idea of hiring your family to help get your startup or small business going presents some advantages, such as them working for a reduced wage until cash flow increases. You may feel that family are the only ones that you can impose upon that much.

As a whole, your nearest and dearest are also pretty reliable and trustworthy. They’re probably not going to throw you under the bus, but there’s also a lot of reasons why you shouldn't hire and work with your relatives.

When I got married I thought working with my spouse was a grand idea. All of the above reasons were true. Little did I know that it would severely damage our relationship. Here are 25 reasonable reasons it's probably not the best idea to work with another family member.

1. You have no bargaining chips

Perhaps the biggest problem when hiring or working with family is that you don’t have the leverage you would have with other colleagues. This may include asking for rework, negotiating prices or getting tough when a deadline approaches.

Conrad Neuf, a former senior construction manager for Toll Brothers, saw this situation throughout his career. Neuf observed if a homeowner wasn't tough with a contractor or repairmen it turned out to be a family member or a friend.

"Whenever you're dealing with a friend there is another element that enters into it that would not be there if it were a strictly business relationship with a stranger," Neuf said. "You lose a lot of leverage. You're unlikely to put your foot down for a lot of things. Everything is weighed by the fact that you could cause problems in the relationship or family."

2. The business comes to family functions

There are people who have the amazing ability to separate their personal and professional lives. They have learned to completely shut off work once they leave the workplace, but they’re few and far between.

Most of us will inevitably bring work home with us -- whether it’s the frustration or sending emails when it’s time for dinner. Adding family to the mix means the need for a greater concentration of balance.

Birthday parties, barbecues, reunions and weddings are not the time to air the business. You don't want tensions brewing at the office to boil over in front of the entire family.

Occasionally, the balance can be thrown off by the spouses of those family or friends working together. The spouse may come home and complain in confidence, then the spouse brings up the situation at inappropriate times.

It’s awkward and could be serious enough that it ruins the entire function. There has to be strict rules governing conversation outside of work hours.

3. Emotion is always involved

Try as hard you can, you simply can’t avoid the reality that emotion is a part of every relationship and how that can lead to a messy work environment.

For example, if you have a talk with your cousin about their performance. Maybe you offer some advice on how they can make the proper adjustments.

Any other employee would just say, "okay." But a relative or friend may take something personally because of your existing relationship. Messy. Then there has to be the time involved to solve the point of contention.

4. There’s already baggage

You may think that you have the perfect family and there’s no baggage between family members. I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but that’s never the entire truth and no matter how big or small, all of that baggage will come to light during stressful situations.

You knew that your brother is still upset that your parents didn’t attend every one of his baseball games. The parents sure came to your events. You probably didn’t know it was still a controversy in their mind -- until you started bickering about work-related issues.

5. Limited communication with colleagues

It’s very unlikely that any of your colleagues are going to speak freely about your relative. That may be a good thing if it prevents gossip, but what if the issue needs to be discussed? Generally speaking, your other employee's are already talking about this -- just not to you.

Maybe your nephew is incompetent and constantly making mistakes. Do you think anyone is going to mention that to you?

6. You're more likely to work without a contract

Whether you’re a freelancer or run a small business you should always sign an agreement or contract with your clients or customers. This is a protection to both parties. It places you both squarely on the same page.

You will both understand the expectations when it comes to the scope of the work. The contract clearly explains how and when you’re going to get paid.

When working with a family member, however, you may be hesitant to ask them to sign a contract.  You want to avoid this uncomfortable situation even if you know clarification is necessary.

7. They expect extra freedoms

While not each and every family member is guilty of this, their are some who take advantage of being a part of the family to ask for time off, miss deadlines, come in late, go home early or presume their authority. As the boss, you may not even see it but your other employees will.

8. They may not be the best qualified

The only way for your business to scale is by surrounding yourself with specialists in their respective field. You must have those who are qualified enough to help you move forward.

Bringing in family doesn’t guarantee the highest quality. Even though you have good intentions, that may actually do more harm than good. Have you passed over a better candidate just for the sake of working with a friend or family?

9. Requirements are too high or too low

You don't want any of your co-workers to believe that your relative is getting VIP treatment. As a result you assign him or her even more responsibilities. Your relative might not appreciate this and is now getting stressed out over the additional workload.

Or the opposite happens and you start going easier on them because you know that your family member is having a hard time. As a result, you pass their responsibilities to other co-workers. How do you think they’ll respond?

When I was in university there was a referee at the basketball games who was a professor at the university. We always hoped he would not be the ref. We knew absolutely that we would lose the game if he was the ref because he would be so completely fair that he was unfair.

10. The relationship changes forever

Family member fight with each other. That’s what families do. Most of the time it’s over minor situations that are resolved in due time.

Once business gets involved, there’s no reversing the relationship when things go sour. My dad and uncle started a business years ago. It didn’t pan out and they really haven’t spoken since.

11. Your relatives are insiders

Trying to juggle that fine line between work and your personal lives becomes increasingly difficult. Does your cousin go tell your aunt and uncle what's going on at work?  Did another cousin come and say, "Hey, so sorry to hear your customer base is down."

They tell all the dirt on a new employee, who you didn't know lived up the street from grandma. If those lines weren't blurred before, then they definitely are now.

12. Money makes people consider the unthinkable

Don’t believe me? Make it rain at your next family function and see how insane your otherwise reserved relatives react. Now think what happens if your business takes-off, or you get a raise. What if you're a seasonal business and can’t pay your employees/family?

Everything from jealousy to resentment to anger is going to start creeping into the relationship or into your business.

13. Inability to terminate the business relationship in a friendly manner

When you have a careless employee you can hold-back bonuses or even give them a pink-slip. Although it’s harsh, and always difficult, that’s a part of business.

But, when dealing with family, how can you fire your cousin when you know the entire family is going to hear about it?

What if the family is against your decision, and they are not bothered by mixing in this business concern? How about the family member who has to come and give you some "friendly advice," so you will get it?

14. Project delays or poor work

Why would a relative be motivated to put their best foot forward when they know that you’re not going to criticize them. What if they believe you will definitely never fire them?

I’m not saying this is always the case, but when you don’t provide your family members with constructive criticism how can they improve on their weaknesses?

15. They give unwanted input

Since you’re family, it’s not surprising that your relatives feel comfortable enough to tell you what’s best for your company. Even worse? You can’t tell them to mind their business because, well, they’re family.

16. Handling adversity

You’re going to fail. It’s a fact that you need to accept and learn from. But, when you face this adversity you want your family to be there to support you. Other's entangled with your business’s failure can make everything worse. It makes a bad situation even worse.

17. It’s harder to be objective

When you bring-on a family member you only view their awesome and unique qualities instead of looking at their flaws. Maybe they’re not a good fit for your business.

I have cousin who is an extremely talented graphic designer. I would love to have him as a part of my team, but he’s not always the most reliable and is known for constantly flaking out.

18. There's collateral damage

As mentioned earlier, when there’s beef at work, it could impact the entire family. Lines are drawn and sides are chosen. The family is now divided because of the work relationship soured between you and your family.

At the same time, even though your family member works for that doesn’t mean that they’re a decision maker. However, others on the outside may not be aware of that fact and associate your relative with your business.

That’s not always a problem, but if they rub someone the wrong way, then it's guilt-by-association.

19. There will be perceived nepotism

You’ve brought on your sibling or cousin and your colleagues are well aware of it. Most days that’s not a biggie, but it does when your family member starts getting recognized for their work.

They’re not going to say it to your face, but there will be people who believe that the sole reason for your relative’s success is simply because they’re related to you.

20. Do you really know them?

While some relatives are extremely close, do you tell them about your shortcomings? Probably not. You save those conversations for your spouse or best friend.

Even though you’re little brother tells you he’s successful, can you be certain of that? What exactly does he do? How did become so successful? What can he bring to the table? If you don’t know, then why consider him as a partner?

21. Little or no alone time

Having some alone time is actually beneficial since it helps with productivity, and gives you a chance to recharge. Studies show that alone time boosts your self-esteem.

It makes you appreciate people more, and increases your emotional intelligence. Unfortunately, you may not have as much alone time when working with a family member like your spouse.

22. May not look at commitments as real

It’s not uncommon for families to view agreements, commitments, and deadlines as suggestions. They are not seeing something that is important and absolute.

After all, you’re their cousin and not the boss. That can be problem when you miss a deadline for a high-profile client. How can they trust you moving forward?

23. No one to vent to

“Generally, it’s better to let things out than hold them in. And doing so feels almost akin to problem-solving—in the moment, at least,” writes Leon F. Seltzer, Ph.D.

“Venting your frustrations alleviates tension and stress. You almost always feel better—and "lighter" -- after sharing some perceived threat, indignity, misfortune, or injustice.”

In short, healthy and limited venting can be a good thing. But, who can you vent to when working side-by-side with your spouse, sibling, or cousin?

24. Too much time together

Spending almost 24/7 with someone start to feel like a chore instead of genuine time spent together. As I mentioned above, we all need some alone time alone. We need to spend some time apart from our loved ones if we want to preserve those relationships.

25. Failure leaves them without a livelihood

In an ideal world, doing business with those closest to us would be both a risk-free and rewarding experience. Sometimes that happens.

But, what about the worst-case scenario of a the business closing? Not only is your livelihood in jeopardy so is your family members.

That’s a heavy burden to place on your shoulders. And, even if they get back on their feet, don’t be surprised if they hold some resentment towards you.

Copyright © 2017 Entrepreneur Media, Inc. All rights reserved.

This article originally appeared on Minor edits have been done by the editors.

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OEH Brand guidelines

Version 1.0, October 2016

The OEH Brand guidelines are designed to get you up and running with the OEH visual identity. Please be aware that the recent NSW Government approach to branding has not yet been incorporated in the guideline examples. Always ensure that the OEH logo is replaced with the monochrome NSW Government waratah logo when using our current templates.

1 October 2016
Office of Environment and Heritage
  • ISBN 978-1-76039-506-3
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text:
Chris Brown, Mug Shot

Courtesy of the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office

Chris Brown was arrested Thursday night in Florida, E! News has confirmed.

The 29-year-old "All the Lights" singer was in West Palm Beach to perform at the Coral Sky Amphitheatre as part of his nationwide Heartbreak on a Full Moon Tour. He was apprehended by police, who were waiting in the wings of the venue. E! News has reached out to his attorney.

Brown was booked at 11 p.m. and released 52 minutes later, after he posted $2,000 bail.

The singer was arrested on an outstanding out-of-county warrant from last year, according to the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office. WPTV reported Brown was booked on felony battery warrant from the Hilllsborough County Sheriff's Office, stemming from an incident last spring; at the time, police alleged Brown had punched a photographer during a paid club appearance.

After his arrest, Brown shared a photo from the stage on Instagram and wrote, "What's NEW????? Show tomorrow!!!!" He included the eye roll and red heart emojis in his caption. The R&B singer's next tour date is scheduled for July 15 at the Prudential Center in Newark, N.J.

Over the years, Brown has had several run-ins with the law, beginning with physical assault charges from an incident with Rihanna in 2009; he was later charged with felony assault and making criminal threats, and was sentenced to five years of probation and community service.

In 2013, Brown's probation was revoked after he was involved in an alleged hit-and-run in L.A. The charges were later dropped, but he was given 1,000 additional hours of community service. Later that fall, Brown and his bodyguard were arrested and charged with felony assault after an alleged altercation outside a hotel in Washington, D.C. The charge was reduced to a misdemeanor, and he was released from jail without bail. Soon afterward, Brown voluntarily entered rehab, but he was kicked out after smashing his mother's car window during a family session; days later, he was order to serve three months at an anger management facility. However, Brown violated the treatment facility's rules and was kicked out. As a result, a judge sentenced the singer to spend 131 days in jail for violating the terms of his probation. Brown was given early release from jail, but remained on probation and was ordered to finish his remaining community service hours and see a psychiatrist twice a week.

But, in early 2015, Brown's probation was revoked after a judge learned he'd traveled outside Los Angeles County without prior consent. In 2016, Brown was arrested and charged with assault with a deadly weapon following a nine-hour standoff of sorts at his L.A. mansion. Police had responded to a call from former beauty queen Baylee Curran, who claimed the musician had threatened her with a gun during a party at his home. At the time, Brown addressed the incident on Instagram, calling the police "idiots" and "the worst gang in the world." (He later deleted the posts.) At the time, Brown's lawyer, Mark Geragos, denied there was a standoff; regarding the search warrant, he said, "Nothing was found to corroborate her statement." In 2017, a judge granted Karrueche Tran a restraining order against the singer for the next five years. She alleged in court that he'd texted her violent threats and assaulted her. Initially, after Tran was granted a temporary restraining order against Brown, the singer told his fans, "Make sure ya'll don't be listening to all this bulls--t, man. What all them other people on the outside doing, let them do what they doing. I don't know what the f--k they talking about."

Brown has not commented further on his latest arrest.

—Reporting by Holly Passalaqua

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Endless Possibilities Blog

Testimonials - Endless Possibilities Executive Coaching

Endless Possibilities Clients Share Their Testimonials...

Marilynn is gifted in figuring out the real root of a particular issue and approached my challenges with wonderful insight and encouragement. Together, we found many solutions to those little things that come up in professional situations that may seem small, but can have big effects internally. It was very satisfying to uncover ways of thinking that are meant to deal with those particular instances – and Marilynn knows them all. I really felt heard and appreciated for skills I do have, and enjoyed being gently encouraged to improve my processes and ways of thinking. Marilynn is also great a recognizing and celebrating successes! I use what I learned with Marilynn every day.

- JC,
   UBC Faculty of Medicine

I had the pleasure to work with Marilynn during a career transition. She helped keep me on track, to solidify and implement my vision with regular coaching check-ins and resources. I wholeheartedly recommend her!

- Angelica Lim, Ph.D.,
   Asst. Professor of Professional Practice in Computing Science, AI and Robotics, Simon Fraser University

I have worked with and known Marilynn for 18 years. I have seen her lead a successful career for herself as a dynamic leader. When I was looking to plan my career path, it was very clear to me that Marilynn would be the right person to consult. Together, through coaching and mentoring we explored an array possibilities and I set new goals for myself. I always looked forward to our meetings, and always came out feeling that life is full of opportunities. I am now, thanks to Marilynn, living a life of balance between an exciting career and family and would highly recommend her services to you.

- Ashifa Dhanji, RN, BScN

I was going through a professional transition and I engaged Marilynn as an executive coach. I found the experience to be excellent. Through Marilynn’s thought provoking questions, I learned a lot about myself and what is important to me as a professional. Marilynn’s coaching guided me to put a focused plan in place which was a catalyst to the positive changes that happened in my career recently. I would recommend executive coaching and especially Marilynn to anyone that is interested in making positive change in their professional career.

- George Danes, CPA, CA,
   Chief Financial Officer at Sutton Group Realty Services

It was a pleasure to work with Marilynn over the last 9 months. Her curiosity, honesty, humour, and her experience as a senior leader helped me to recognize and leverage my strengths to define my career goals and focus my attention to achieving them.

Marilynn builds a genuine and trusting relationship with her clients, helping them to explore the possibilities in front of them through her gentle guidance, respectful challenging of assumptions, and celebrating "ah-ha" moments with passion and enthusiasm.

Thank you for your sincerity and support Marilynn!

- Jacqueline Per,
   Executive Director Patient Experience, Chief Nursing and Allied Health Officer Fraser Health

Thank-you so much for helping me change my life - I am now the Animation Director in my studio

- DNC, IT Executive

"If you want to connect with your inner potential to experience confidence and success in all aspects of your life and career then I would highly recommend hiring Marilynn as your Executive Coach.

Marilynn has a unique set of skills and abilities that when combined with her relaxed coaching style created an environment that helped me to align my values with my goals and to discover and be comfortable with my authentic self. Our coaching sessions assisted me in seeing opportunities and networking in a very different way that opened a whole new world of possibilities.

Marilynn, thank you for your support, encouragement and your unwavering confidence in my leadership abilities, I will always be truly grateful.”

- Claire O'Quinn, Project Director, BCMH & SUS

“I had the pleasure of having Marilynn as my coach over the last year. Her open, gentle and positive coaching style has significantly influenced my professional development journey. Her candor and honest reflection challenged me to think of myself and my leadership style in different ways. Marilynn’s experience working with emerging leaders was especially helpful and she was incredibly supportive in helping me to articulate what I needed to get where I needed to go professionally. In addition, Marilynn’s knowledge and resourcefulness of best practices in the leadership, communication, and people management realms helped guide me to expert resources just when I needed them. Thank you Marilynn for your support and inspiration. “

 Marta Filipski  MPH, CPH, PMP

- Marta Filipski, Director, Regional Lean Transformation Services, Vancouver Hospital

Working with Marilynn has helped me achieve many goals and find balance in my life.  She has always been easy to talk to and knows when to give me a push to reach my full potential. We have established a great relationship even though coaching over a long distance. As a new coach myself, I continue to be coached by Marilynn and would recommend her to others.

- Lori Love,

I have had the great fortune of being coached by Marilynn over the last year. She empowers me to reframe my thinking, discover my own wisdom, deepen my selfawareness, and align my goals and actions with my values. Her compassion, skill, and professionalism effectively create an unbiased and trusting environment in which I can speak freely about confidential or sensitive situations. I have benefitted greatly from her generous acknowledgement of my strengths, respectful challenge to uncover my blocks, and skillful assistance in exploring innovative strategies to improve myself. It has been incredibly rewarding to work with someone who believes I have unlimited potential and whose only goal is to support me to reach it. Our coaching sessions have brought me much success over the last year and it is a pleasure to celebrate with her.

- Meghan MacLeod,
   Providence Health Care

My experience with Executive Coaching with Marilynn was greater than I could have imagined. It was a journey of self discovery where strategies and issues were mapped out or solved from within me. This not only changed my thought process it also changed the way that I looked at the day to day work stuff and that rolled into my personal life, creating a positive change there as well. The whole experience has given me confidence not only in what I do but also in what I say. I feel like I belong where I am today. Thank-you Marilynn.

- Robert Byers,
   CEO Namerind Housing Corporation

Marilynn is a true thinking partner, who listened intently to my professional or personal issues. She asked me great questions, which helped me get clarity and define a path to action. Her coaching helped me strengthen my leadership style, maintain focus on what's important and within a few months, I generated remarkable personal, career and work results!

- Betty Mutwiri,
   Saskatoon Health Region

I chose to engage Marilynn as my Coach as she is a highly skilled individual whose strengths include understanding healthcare issues and interpersonal relationships. She has coached me through challenging issues in my leadership development and has helped me articulate and understand my future potential as a leader.

- Debbie Johannesen,
   Provincial Health Services Authority

In the few months that I have had Marilynn as a coach, I have accomplished and achieved more in my career than I have in the past 5 years. She has given me the competitive edge and focus to achieve leadership goals I never thought were possible. Besides being genuine, authentic, and passionate in what she does, Marilynn's ability to guide and develop leadership skills, emotional intelligence, systems thinking, and change management have been vital to my personal success and passion in what I do. If you want the competitive edge and skills necessary to bring about positive change in the healthcare system, I definitely recommend having Marilynn as your coach.

- Dionne Ng,
   Nurse Educator

I am extremley fortunate to work with such a skilled coach as Marilynn. Her thoughtful, approachable and authentic manner has enabled me to develop as a leader as well as gain a better understanding of my leadership potential. Through Marilynn's expert guidance, I have been able to take risks in my career development and achieve my goals.

- Hilary Espezel,
   Fraser Health Authority

It has been incredibly rewarding to work with someone who believes I have unlimited potential and whose only goal is to support me to reach it. Our coaching sessions have brought me much success over the last year and it is a pleasure to celebrate with her.

- Meghan M,
   Providence Health Care


text:
Russian Dressing

4/4 fork user rating

reviews (13)

make it again

Go to reviews

Sara Bonisteel

Russian dressing and Thousand Island dressing are often confused because both begin with a base of mayonnaise and ketchup or ketchup-style chili sauce, which results in a pink salad dressing. But where Thousand Island is a bit sweet and studded with pickle relish, Russian dressing is on the spicier side, with a hint of heat from horseradish and hot sauce. For more information about salad dressings and tips on making them from scratch, see our Homemade Salad Dressing Primer.

Yield: Makes about 1 1/4 cups
Active Time
10 minutes
Total Time
10 minutes

    • 1 tablespoon finely chopped onion
    • 1 cup purchased or homemade mayonnaise
    • 1/4 cup ketchup-style chili sauce or ketchup
    • 4 teaspoons bottled (regular; not packed in beet juice) horseradish, or to taste
    • 1 teaspoon hot sauce, preferably Frank's Red Hot Sauce
    • 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
    • 1/4 teaspoon sweet paprika
    • Fine sea salt

    1. In a mortar and pestle, mash the onion to create a paste, or use a large heavy knife to mince and mash the onion into a paste. Transfer the onion paste to a small bowl and whisk in the mayonnaise, chili sauce, horseradish, hot sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and sweet paprika. Season with fine sea salt, if desired. DO AHEAD: The dressing can be prepared ahead and refrigerated, in an airtight container, up to 2 weeks.

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Nutritional Info

  • Calories169
  • Carbohydrates2 g(1%)
  • Fat18 g(27%)
  • Protein0 g(0%)
  • Saturated Fat3 g(13%)
  • Sodium251 mg(10%)
  • Polyunsaturated Fat11 g
  • Fiber1 g(2%)
  • Monounsaturated Fat4 g
  • Cholesterol9 mg(3%)

Leave a Review

  • Wow! This is absolutely delicious! I made exactly as directed with store bought mayo, but homemade ketchup (less sweet and no chili). I wanted to eat it right off the spoon. Makes a great sauce for sandwiches. I make a "Rachel" sandwich - like the Reuben, but with turkey instead.

  • I made this just as written. It was fabulous on a Reuben Sandwich! This recipe is a keeper!

  • Made it with dried chopped onion and Trader Joe's seafood cocktail sauce in place of ketchup and horse radish. Wonderful !

  • I made this exactly as written except that I used the hint to grate the onion which made a lovely uniform mush--I thought it was perfect. Used the dressing to make the most outstanding Ruben sandwiches with the left over corned beef that I have ever made

  • I found out this recipe from Sean Spicer, after he said that "if President Trump uses salad dressing, then it's a Russian connection...", so I decided to make it, added it to my salad, ate it, love it, and most importantly, I now taste and have that Russian connection! 😋🤤

  • Fantastic on a big sloppy burger with sliced tomatoes, good cheddar and a slice of onion. Going to try it on a charred romaine salad next!

  • Love this recipe. Reminds me of the Russian Dressing I loved as a kid (40 years ago). It's a shame it's gone out of fashion. If you're going to make it, procuring the Heinz chili sauce is a must. I make it as written, using shriracha sauce for the hot sauce component. I generally use shallot instead of onion, but both are good.

  • Geat Recipe

  • Great recipe. Was wonderful on pastrami with cole slaw on rye.

  • My now favorite version of this dressing. It is excellent for "oeufs a la russe."

  • Over-the-top flavor. Could eat it with a straw.

  • Super easy and delicious. I added a little water to it so it would pour onto salad, but as is, was great for dipping.

  • simpler to just grate some onion


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PLAN #51-602

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PLAN #51-602

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Full Specs & Features

Depth : 67'
Height : 19' 4"
Width : 36'
First Floor: 1723 sq/ft height 9'
Garage: 480 sq/ft
Porch: 144 sq/ft
Roof Framing : Truss
Primary Pitch : 6:12
Roof Type : Shingle
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144 sq/ft width 12' x depth 12'

Dining Room:

164 sq/ft width 13' 8" x depth 12'

84 sq/ft width 6' x depth 14'

480 sq/ft width 20' x depth 24'

Great Room:

306 sq/ft width 18' x depth 17'

158 sq/ft width 11' 4" x depth 14'

Master Bathroom:

104 sq/ft width 11' x depth 9' 6"

Master Bedroom:

240 sq/ft width 16' x depth 15'

Master Closet:

70 sq/ft width 10' x depth 7'

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98 sq/ft width 14' x depth 7'

Porch - Screened:

144 sq/ft width 12' x depth 12'

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