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Archive for the ‘Life Up North’ Category

2016 – A Truly Weird Year

Friday, December 30th, 2016

2016 has been a strange year, with political events intruding on our best efforts at Steenbergs.  These external factors will impact the business for many years to come, and will make everything trickier and riskier.  However, they will not deflect us from our values – good spices, herbs and teas from good suppliers, where good reflects both quality and ethics.  That’s something to cling to when the economics become ever more unpredictable.

We’ve stuck with our quality, social and environmental values, and are getting these increasingly checked by external auditors.  Once again, we’ve been audited by Organic Food Federation (organic), SALSA (food quality), The Fairtrade Foundation (social), and have kept Steenbergs’ details on SEDEX (social) current, if unaudited.  During 2016, we had our first kosher audit with Kosher London Beth Din and are ongoing with our first halal audit with Halal Certification Europe, slated for January 2017.  Also, for 2017, we’re looking at vegan accreditation.

As for our additional premises, we’ve got to where we intended even if several months later than planned.  The phone system is finally in at 11 Hallikeld Close and the IT systems and offices moved over, with our spice factory at 6 Hallikeld Close connected by phone and to our servers via a VPN.  The tea packing facility and machinery is now installed at 11 Hallikeld Close, with a mezzanine floor for tea storage, and will, be fully functional in January 2017.  Shifting the tea and then the small orders picking and packing from 6 Hallikeld Close will free up space for labelling and finishing of Steenbergs spices and flavourings lines.

So operationally, we’ve got to where we intended despite the twists and turns in the road.

But, in 2016, you simply cannot get away from the politics.  The list of issues is long and includes:

  • Brexit has affected our raw materials’ and packaging costs unilaterally by about 15%, with the weakened pound. We’ll live it by increasing prices – our own Marmite moment that all businesses must face.
  • Some of our staff are from within the EU, and we’ve been working with them to get their residencies in order in while the politicians argue over what Brexit means in practice.
  • The Living Wage and Autoenrolment have directly affected staffing costs definitely for the better in the short term. Everyone is now paid the same rate – from director to new recruit – so we’re our own small socialist republic.
  • The problems in the Middle East has made trading with the Lebanon harder, and for Persian saffron impossible.  Whereas politically possible and there is a Fairtrade-certified chain of custody from saffron co-operative through to the EU, British banks refuse to permit any transactions, because of prohibitive US sanctions.  This is not only embarrassing in that Fairtrade cannot deliver on its commitments, but also prevents poor farmers from earning a living wage or making a return on their investments in becoming Fairtrade-certified and food-safe.

But I worry that wages will become a political football that will, over the medium term, prevent flexibility in wage rates and so affect the competitive ability of businesses.  Over time this could result in increased automation and more jobs to shift from the north of England to the south-east…because if it’s no cheaper to work outside the south-east it will suck more people away from the north to the south-east – just like HS2 will, also, probably do.

Higher wage rates are usually initially good for local economies, but the consequent inability to compete in national and international markets over the longer is a long term threat [note: no-one will actually think about this until years later].  This inflexibility in EU labour markets in contrast to the USA is one of the many reasons why the EU does not work, Southern European states are economically broken and provides the pull that brings economic migrants into the UK that was one of the factors in the Brexit result.

But we’ll stick to our course and stick to our values whatever the world throws at us.

Dear BT, Are You Still There?

Monday, September 19th, 2016

Dear BT

Please BT can we have our phone line back. You tried to transfer our phones to a new building (11 Hallikeld Close) last week but could not do the engineering work, so we arranged for a divert on our lines to a mobile; mobile signal is not great out here in the styx, but it allowed us to keep going.  But now you’ve cut us off, deleting our phone number of many years, a typing error no doubt in one of your databases.  Can we have our number back, please, that would be a great start?

Please BT could you, also, ring us back.  We’ve been trying to talk with you for over a week now, but strangely your phones don’t seem to work and we never get the promised for call backs.  It seems you’re not happy to talk things through, or sort out the mess you’ve made with the business move – to me it seems quite simple, if only you’d let us explain.  I did manage to speak to the Project Manager briefly, but he said he’d something Higher Priority to do – thanks, that was a special moment – and then deleted our phone number.  Must be something we did.

Please could you check the contract we signed with BT back in May.  You don’t seem to be able to find it, but I’ve got a copy that shows me what we ordered quite clearly; it came by email.  Your accounts team seem to have a copy because they’ve been billing us and taking the cash by direct debit straightaway for the kit we’ve not got (Avaya system and phones) and the service we’ve never been provided.  I can even give your the contract number.

Let’s just talk.  But don’t ring our phone number, because you cut that off.  Perhaps a letter would be best, because I don’t seem to get your emails either.

PS The broadband’s great.  Just need voice to be routed down the fibre.

UPDATE on 21 September 2016

We have our phone number back – hooray. This is currently being routed through Sophie’s mobile phone but at least no longer getting this number is not recognised! Temporarily we’ve switched our fax line to being a phone line so if you’d like to call us we’re on 01765 640101. There is a plan in place to sort the whole system out, but no timeframe as yet. Please bear with us. We are still here and are doing our best to respond in a timely fashion.

Steenbergs: progress at 11 Hallikeld Close

Wednesday, June 29th, 2016

Progress on Steenbergs’ new factory is moving along decently since April.  The joists have been put in for the second floor and most of the flooring.

The building work has created a mass of extra space that can be used to store our tea.  Building control have agreed the structural calculations, standards for fire rating and the shape and positioning of the staircase to the second floor.

We should get delivery this week of a new labelling machine from Norpak in Bradford to help with the growth in demand for our organic spices and seasonings – especially the mini jars that are going well in Abel & Cole’s recipe boxes and for gifts sets.  A new packing machine is also being built for us at Gainsborough Engineering in Lincolnshire which should help underpin interest in Steenbergs loose leaf teas and herbal teas.

A couple of photos are below:

Brexit, Steenbergs and the future

Sunday, June 26th, 2016

While I had been nervously expecting that Brexit result, it’s not until you hear it that the impact really hits you.  And while it remains a shock, we must look forward and deal with the additional risks that it throws at us, as well as seek out those opportunities that we have been told are on the horizon.

I voted for Remain for myself, for my children and for the business, and live in one of the few regions outside of Scotland, Northern Ireland and London that voted to Remain.  Brexit will be narrow the opportunities for everyone, but especially the young.  But we lost, that’s democracy, and it’s time to move on – you can’t undo a result you don’t like, because that’s undemocratic, abuses the just rights of those that voted to Leave and makes a mockery of the British – and yet I really, really don’t like this result.

So what to do.  It’s time to get down into the detail, and to hold those that pushed to Leave to deliver on their promises.  But I expect there to be a wide gap between the promises and reality – few savings and no extra cash for public services nor it even appears cuts in immigration because the labour provided by Poles, the Latvians etc is needed.  And we have many “Europeans” as relatives (my mum, aunts, uncles and cousins), friends and colleagues and we will do everything possible to protect us and them from any impact from Brexit, especially xenophobia.

But back to Steenbergs.

Firstly, as a food business that mainly sells into the UK, but largely imports raw materials and packaging from the EU and exports into the EU, as well as with India and Sri Lanka etc etc, I would like to know what the new legislation is going to be.

Why?  Because the whole of Steenbergs’ business is dependent on and completely based on primary regulation from the EU as is the UK food industry.  There is effectively no UK food legislation.  These regulations cover food safety, food labelling, food information, allergen declarations, organic imports/exports/manufacturing, food packaging, waste regulations, chemical residues in food whether from pesticides, mycotoxins etc etc.  We’re designing new packaging – what will the new UK labelling rules be?  The current regulations are not onerous, are good and protect customers and the give us safe food to eat each and every day, and they work from Ireland to Romania.

Also, not only is food and drink the UK’s largest manufacturing sector, but 75% of UK food and drink exports go to the EU (or £18.3 billion); the sector employs 3.8 million people, or 14% of all UK employment (IGD, 2015) – so how the UK government deals with this is vital for real people and their livelihoods.

When will this new legislation come into place and how will it differ?

Secondly, we want to continue to buy from the EU and sell into the EU.  What are the terms of this trade deal going to be?  What extra paperwork will there be?  My accountant will want to know how to treat VAT, or even if our whole accounting package is now redundant.  And so on and so on.

Ultimately, while the politicos say be patient.  I cannot wait 2 years for the politicians to plan, negotiate etc as we have staff that need to know next week what this means for them, and our current investment plans must now be put on hold while we wait for the powers that be work it all out.  We say get a move on.

Our suspicion is that the EU legislation will just become UK legislation and, for Steenbergs to be able to trade with our EU friends, we will need to meet EU rules and regulations for all the above (Soil Association, 2016).  So what’s it going to be.  Our guess: it will be business as beforehand with some wrinkles from the new empowered Westminster government (ex Scotland), but (and here’s the rub) Steenbergs and all but the smallest food businesses will still need to meet all (and we mean all) the EU food and packaging legislation, but our honourable friends in Westminster or our Eurocrats will not be at the negotiating table to determine what those rules are.

What will be the longer-term impact? Overall, I suspect not that much, except less control over how we run our business, plus a few extra hoops to jump through.  That’s less freedom and accountability, not more.

So let’s get down to it, and make the best of what this new path throws at us.  Finally, I doubt that I will ever forget those who took us down this wrong path.

IGD (2015) The UK’s food and drink industry, accessed 25 June 2016
Sawyer, M. (2016) Soil Association Certification and the EU Referendum, The Soil Associations, 24 June 2016, accessed 8 July 2016

North Yorkshire Nature Notes – May 2016

Wednesday, June 1st, 2016

Flowering hawthorn and cow parsley on the verges by Upper Dunsforth

Flowering hawthorn and cow parsley on the verges by Upper Dunsforth

Spring sprung really late this year.  Today’s another bitterly cold day – overcast with a biting wind.

The wisteria in our garden never really came out, so even by the second May bank holiday, only a few fronds were dangling down.  A real disappointment – normally there’s a full wall of deep purple and a deep buzz from the insects busily hunting out nectar along its length.  But this year, nothing much before the leaves came out.  It’s a good test of the year, because usually the wisteria is at its peak or just over for the Aldborough May Day on the first weekend of May, but it was not even out then.

It is more a sign of a long winter than an especially cold one, but it dragged on without particularly ever warming up.

The swallows were, also, late, and I bet they dream of Southern African skies.  Only four were here by early May, but now the skies are full of their diving and darting.  They also have a joyful, insistent chatter as they sit on the TV aerial gossiping away.  The best time to see them is in the evening circling above the house or over the village green.  In amongst them, there are swifts scything their way through the sky.  It is the swallows that I really love, my favourite of our migrating birds.

There are two robin pairs in our garden.  Sometimes you see the red-breasted males scampering across the lawn, glaring at each other facing themselves down.  While I read my book in the back yard, one male robin watches me, challenging me as the intruder into his space.

By late May, North Yorkshire’s hedgerows are covered in the snow blossoms of flowering hawthorn, with road verges covered in the whites of cow parsley, sweet cicely and nettle flowers.  Buttercups brighten some verges in cloaks of yellow.  By Ornhams Hall, a neglected copse with a liberal smattering of rubbish has the unmistakable sweet aroma of crow garlic.

On the corner with the old Great North Road going towards Marton-cum-Grafton, there is a verge that’s coloured by bluebells and celandine.  I always ponder whether they were planted by a farmer’s wife to brighten up the boring verge or are a relic of an old copse that has given way to fields.  They’re much more natural looking than the ubiquitous splashes of daffodils on verges and roundabouts across the vale.

Springtime Reaches Aldborough

Sunday, April 10th, 2016
Dere Street, now Boroughbridge Road, With A Really Wide Verge

Boroughbridge Road Near Marton-cum-Grafton

10th April: today was the first day that really felt like spring in Aldborough – bright blue sky, no wind and a little warmth that seems to have enlivened everyone.

When I went out for my Sunday cycle and run, there were definitely more people out compared to the much poorer showing for most of the winter months.  Fellow cyclists, walkers, runners and cars – even about thirty cars squashed in the lane between Upper and Lower Dunsforth from the Yorkshire Searchers, a metal detecting club.

Birds seen: black birds, crows, dunnocks, linnets, magpie, sparrows (we’ve several living in our roof), woodpigeon, wrens  and the canary-yellow of a yellowhammer; no birds of prey, but have seen recently: kestrels, a red kite and a barn owl that tracked down the road by the hedgerow until it spotted and swooped onto a mouse or shrew, then flew off.  Sometimes, there are buzzards and a sparrowhawk.  Later, Sophie and I walked in the sunshine on the levées by the Ure, carpeted in golden flowers of lesser celandine and dandelion, and watched sand martins pirouetting in the sky above the river-bank by Ellenthorpe Hall.

Flood Defences By Ellenthorpe Hall

Celandine Flowers By River Ure By Aldborough

Spring must be here, finally; next, there will be swallows, but not yet.

Everywhere, you see rabbits nibbling at the grass verges or darting across country lanes.  A few weeks ago, a roe deer scampered out from copse between the A1M and the old Great North Road (now the A168), and sometimes there’s a flash of russet as a weasel scampers from one side of the road to the other.

With the lack of wind and because it was early, the soundscape was wonderful – the birdsong joyous along the hedgerows – with only the faintest hint of cars passing.  Even the long train of Yorkshire Searchers were quiet as they were stationery at the time.  A natural chorus of: chit-it chit-it, klep-toowit, oow-oooh, tiddle-iddle-lu-wi, trrrrrrrr, and who cooks for-you ohA lapwing heard, not seen, on Lower Dunsforth Common.

At the end of the day, May Day dancers practising on the Green.

Update on 17th April: I saw a couple of pioneer swallows whilst out cycling today.  The rest should come in the next few weeks.

Autumnal Colours In North Yorkshire

Sunday, September 13th, 2015

I have always liked autumn.  The weather is cooler than summer, or at least in theory – this year’s been a washout.

But I also like harvest time and autumnal colours.  The corn is in from most fields around us, the apples are turning a russet colour and the elderberries are a deep black, hanging heavy in the hedgerows, having given us heady elder flowers at mid summer.  Brambles all dark and healthy.

Then in the garden, there is the late yellows of rudbeckia and the purples of sea hollies.

Elder berries ripening on elder hedgerow

Elder berries ripening on elder hedgerow

Apple ripening in our garden

Apple ripening in our garden

Autumnal yellows of rudbeckia petals

Autumnal yellows of rudbeckia petals

Purple colours of sea holly

Purple colours of sea holly

A Walk Along A Country Lane In North Yorkshire

Tuesday, August 11th, 2015

Last night whilst Sophie was playing tennis with our son, Jamie, I went for a walk along the River Ure with our daughter, Poppy.  It was a beautiful evening with swallows and sand martins out in abundance and only a few others around.  The river flowed sedately past while a father and son fished at one of the fishing piers.  At Boroughbridge lock, a boat was passing through.  But I had forgotten forgot my camera.

So this morning after a bike ride, I retraced some of the walk.

Why?  Because it was amazing to realise within only a couple of miles of walking, we had passed almost all the main types of crops (barley, oats and wheat), as well as cows around and about.  But we never really think about it, because it’s all we’ve ever known.  Then  along the hedgerows, the elders were forming their berries and brambles were developing.

Wheat Field

Wheat Field

Close Up of Wheat

Close Up of Wheat

Barley Field In North Yorkshire

Barley Field In North Yorkshire

Close Up Of Barley

Close Up Of Barley

Field Of Oats

Field Of Oats

Close Up Of Oats

Close Up Of Oats

Potato Field With Cows in Distance

Potato Field With Cows in Distance

Elderberries Beginning To Develop

Elderberries Beginning To Develop

Axel’s and Sophie’s quirky guide to running a small business

Thursday, May 1st, 2014

Here’s our list of things we have learnt over the last 10 years of running a small start-up and a guide to the way we do business. It’s all rather homespun and certainly will never find its way into books on how to run a successful business nor in any business school. After all, we are still a tiny business, even though we have been around longer than Facebook and Youtube. While these things might not make you rich, they help us sleep easily at night with a clear conscience and make us happy.

• Never wear a tie or suit
• Like your colleagues
• Avoid meetings
• Living is more important than making money
• Take time out to watch your kids and friends playing sport and music and acting
• Smile, laugh and cry
• Sing, however badly – and we’re really bad
• Never grow up
• Work hard – roll your sleeves up and get stuck in
• Be patient, act swiftly
• Don’t get hung up on sales or profits
• But keep a tight focus on cash-flow and balance sheets
• Don’t do budgets, except if the bank asks for one!
• Always pay your bills
• Avoid customers who are too posh to pay – this is an attitude of mind as opposed to a statement on anything else
• Never become that business or person that talks aggressively about “killing the competition”, just be different to them and do your own thing
• Never become that business or person that lies to get a call taken or to get money off
• Be compassionate – we’re all real people, with real lives
• Be honest to yourself, your colleagues, your customers, your suppliers and everyone else we’ve forgotten
• Reinvent the wheel – it can always be done better
• Break the rules
• Make mistakes
• Admit to your mistakes, understand them, then try not to do it again
• Spend your money wisely
• Spend your money morally and compassionately, doing good things that help make the world a better place
• If you’re not comfortable with it, don’t do it
• Don’t be bullied by customers and suppliers
• Best practice is just average practice with a positive spin
• Don’t trust suppliers who drive flash or expensive cars
• Don’t waste company money on flash cars
• Make teas and coffees for everyone
• Eat breakfast, lunch and tea
• Eat cake, biscuits and pies
• Listen to what everyone has to say – everyone knows more about stuff than you do
• Ask questions, however stupid
• Be fair
• What is fairness? Sharing risk and reward equitably
• Treat people how you would like to be treated
• Try and only deal with people you like
• The customer is not always right
• Never do favours for people you don’t really know, because they are never reciprocated, but bend over backwards for your friends and favourite people
• Shit really does happen
• Everything seems better after a cup of tea and cake, or a bath and a sleep
• Keep on dreaming

Roman Wall Blues

Wednesday, October 26th, 2011

Off to visit my parents this weekend for my Dad’s 75th birthday.  We live almost on top of the Roman wall outside of Corbridge.  I thought this poem that reminds you of what it must be like being a soldier away from home, whether Romans or Syrian archers back in the first few hundred years AD, or as a soldier nowadays in Afghanistan or anywhere away from home.

Roman Wall Blues

Over the heather the wet wind blows,
I’ve lice in my tunic and a cold in my nose.

The rain comes pattering out of the sky,
I’m a Wall soldier, I don’t know why.

The mist creeps over the hard grey stone,
My girl’s in Tungria; I sleep alone.

Aulus goes hanging around her place,
I don’t like his manners, I don’t like his face.

Piso’s a Christian, he worships a fish;
There’d be no kissing if he had his wish.

She gave me a ring but I diced it away;
I want my girl and I want my pay.

When I’m a veteran with only one eye
I shall do nothing but look at the sky.

W. H. Auden


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Black Round Cast Iron Sauce Pan 4" / 10cm (9oz / 25cl)

Equivalent to: £13.94 per each

£83.64 ex. vat

Case of 6

5 - 7 days 5 - 7 days

Utopia Cast Iron Saucepan

Cast iron serving saucepan

This cast iron pan is ideal for serving individual portions and is perfect for catering use. Made from cast iron, this pot and lid will retain the heat and keep food hotter for longer.

A specially designed wooden base is also available.

Key Features:

  • Utopia serving saucepan
  • Cast Iron
  • Black
  • Includes lid

Size: 4" / 10cm (9oz / 25cl)

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Comments from pettybooka

So how many of these 'Brooklyn' bands are actually from NY? Where are you all crawling from? There's a new great white hope on here every 15 minutes. Btw, How to Dress Well is one of the worst band names I've heard in a while. Makes me want to vomit in my mouth.
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September 9, 2010 on Stereogum’s 40 Best New Bands Of 2010


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Program Installation

Microsoft Windows

'StereoPhoto Maker' (SPM) does not use a Windows-installer and may be simply copied (together with this Help file) to a folder of your choice.
With Windows Vista, you may want to install it into a directory other than 'Program Files' because SPM writes to its own directory tree, and 'Program Files' is designed to be writable only by special "elevated" applications.
You can either put it in a folder such as 'c:\SPM' or, alternatively, enter its properties page and mark it as "Run As Administrator".
However, that will mean you have to click through a "This program wants administrator access" dialog boxe every time you run it.
You may then like to create a shortcut to 'STPHMKR.EXE' from a preferred location.
SPM uses DirectX and although this will normally be available, some installations (such as Win98SE ) do not include it.
SPM does use the registry to store certain user preferences, selections and details of any file-associations that may have been setup.

Apple Mac

SPM may be run on Intel Macs and PowerPC Macs.
The PowerPC Mac's require Windows-emulation software such as the free VirtualPC and a processor speed of 1.6GHz or greater.
You will also need to install a copy of Windows.
For Intel Macs no emulation is required and SPM will run faster than on a PowerPC.
You will also need to install a copy of Windows.
You have numerous 'virtual machine' software options, such as :-

VMWare Fusion
BootCamp (built into OSX 10.5 Leopard)

SPM 3.27 and later running under Darwine supports Autopano v.1.02.
The auto-correction does not run as fast as under Windows.
Users have reported that it also works with Crossover.
Install Autopano into same folder as SPM.

NVidia page-flipping is not supported at present as NVidia have not released a stereo driver.
Stereo OpenGL should work but this has not yet been confirmed.

For a more detailed discussion of running Windows software on Macs, see

SPM allocates an amount of buffer-memory equal to the unpacked-size of a pair of images.
e.g. for a 3000x2000 image, memory allocated = 3000x2000x3(RGB)x2(left/right) = 36MB.
If you set the number of Undo/redo buffers to 10, SPM allocates 360MB of memory.
If SPM operations become slower, you may clear the Undo buffer.
If you have a 'Susie Plugins' folder its location will have been defined in 'Preferences'.

Because of this, if you delete SPM and copy to a different filepath you will have to re-associate the file extensions and redefine the location of the 'Susie' plugins.

If you wish to remove SPM from your system, restore previous file-associations, delete SPM's association with InternetExplorer, select menu option 'Help/Remove All Registry Entries', delete 'STPHMKR.EXE' and then this Help file.


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Keller: Preaching to Believers/Unbelievers

Tim Keller gave a lecture at Covenant Seminary in 2004 on Preaching to Believers and Unbelievers.  He deals with a few very important points.  One of them is about the power of the preaching event over the moralistic application of the sermon (evidenced by taking notes).  I have quoted Keller on this issue recently.  He also deals with Deconstructing Defeater Beliefs in the lecture.  Give it a listen.


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Consumer Goods: Consumer Non-Durables

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Scammer Alla Ivanovna Lykova

Add comments >>> Report scammer >>>

First name:Alla
Last name:Ivanovna Lykova
Name aliases: Alenka, Eleena, Elen, Elenka, Elenochka, Eli, Ellena, Ellene, Elona, Helen, Helena, Jelena, Lena, Lenaa, Lenchik, Lennochka, Lenochka, Lenusik, Lenusikka, Lenusya, Lienkchik, Lleena, Olena, Yelena
Age: 27
Location(s): St. Petersburg (Russia)
Address(es): unknown
Phone number(s): unknown
E-mail address(es):
Operates on site(s):
Scam media: unknown
Fake documents: unknown

Alerting scammer that "she" is posted on this website will lead to termination of your account and permanent banning!

Report N1 (added on May, 28, 2014)

Elena-Alla -Wants visa money and plane fair.

Jeffery (England)


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Islamic State jihadists capture 60 Kurdish villages in Syria: NGO

BEIRUT (AFP) - Islamic State jihadists have seized 60 Kurdish villages near the Turkish border in a lightning two-day campaign, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said Friday.

"In the past 48 hours, they have taken 60 villages, 40 on Friday alone," said Observatory director Rami Abdel Rahman, referring to the operation around Ain al-Arab, known to the Kurds as Kobane.

"The Kurdish fighters are beating a retreat because they are outnumbered."


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PT Cruiser Grille Blackout Kit
Click to enlarge

More images

Click to enlarge

PT Cruiser Grille Blackout Kit

Price: $19.95

PT Cruiser Grille Blackout Kit

Your PT grille can have an aftermarket-grille look!

The PT Grille Black-Out Kit consists of several “V” shaped pieces of flat black vinyl that are applied to the vertical posts and give the illusion of a customized, aftermarket grille.

Each kit comes with installation instructions and enough vinyl to Black-Out one grille.

For this item you will need to choose:
Color Choice - from the color chart

Application of the vinyl pieces is simple but tedious.

Following the included instructions, peel the vinyl off the release liner. Line up the curve with the center of the vertical post. Stick the pieces on and smooth them down towards the rear of the post on both sides.

A cotton swab works well to burnish the pieces in place. Have a straight pin handy to remove bubbles.

Note: Does not fit the ‘03+ GT/Turbo lower grille (below the bumper)

Grille Blackout Installation Instructions

Application Tools

Vinyl Color Chart Button Links to Color Chart

Installation Difficulty Level 3

Level 3 - A more difficult installation. Applying on a curved surface or may need extra care applying around or over objects.

Tools needed: Squeegee or similar item, masking tape, tape measure, hobby knife and possibly application fluid


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Dr. Massimo Faggioli

Dr. Massimo Faggioli

Dr. Massimo Faggioli, Theology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, is the author of “Something Lost … and Gained. Papal Mystique After Benedict XVI,” published in the March issue of “The Tablet,” (pp. 10-11); an Italian translation of “Vatican II: The Battle for Meaning” in Interpretare il Vaticano II. Storia di un dibattito, (EDB, Bologna 2013); and an article, “Verfahrensformen und Legitimierungsquellen während des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils,” in Ekklesiologische Alternativen? Monarchischer Papat und Formen kollegialer Kirchenleitung, Bernward Schmidt, Hubert Wolf, eds., (15.-20. Jahrhundert, Münster: Rhema, 2013, pp. 187-201).

Dr. Kurt Illig, Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, and undergraduates Anna Garske, Chloe Lawyer and Brittni Peterson, are authors of a study investigating the role of dopamine in learning during adolescence. A summary of the article can be found on the UST Biology Department blog “Biophilia.”

Dr. David Kelley, Geography Department, College of Arts and Sciences, was an invited speaker at the Centennial Seminar series, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Department of Soil, Water and Climate at the University of Minnesota. His presentation on March 6 was titled “Effects of Increased Ethanol Production on the Conservation Reserve Program in Minnesota.”

Sister Katarina Schuth, O.S.F., Endowed Chair for the Social Scientific Study of Religion, School of Divinity, is the author of “Of Safety and Assessment,” an article that discusses her thoughts on what the new pope should do about “the scandal surrounding the sexual abuse of children by clergy,” which was published in the journal America (March 11).

Dr. John Wendt, Ethics and Business Law Department, Opus College of Business, is the author of an article, “Toward Harmonization: British Olympic Association v. World Anti-Doping Association,” which has been accepted for publication by the Marquette Sports Law Review.

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Bible Commentaries

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable

Ephesians 6

Other Authors
Verse 1

Children express their submission by obeying their parents (plural). "In the Lord" modifies "obey," not "parents." Children should not obey their parents if their parents tell them to disobey the Lord. [Note: Morris, p190.] Their primary responsibility is to the Lord, as is also true of wives. Obedience is right in the sense that it is in harmony with God"s will for children (cf. Colossians 3:20). Children should obey their parents as long as they are children living under their parents" authority. When a child becomes an adult, he or she no longer has to obey parents but should continue to honor them. [Note: Ibid.]

"So long as they are regarded in their culture as children or minors, they should continue to obey their parents." [Note: Stott, p243.]

Verses 1-3

The duty of children6:1-3

The next basic human relationship that needs affecting by the filling of the Spirit ( Ephesians 5:15-21) is that of children and parents.

Verse 2

Even though as Christians we are no longer under the Mosaic Law ( Romans 7:6; Romans 10:4; et. al.), Paul quoted the fifth commandment ( Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16) to stress the importance of children obeying their parents. He restated this command as part of the Law of Christ. Honoring ( Ephesians 6:2) is a larger concept than obeying ( Ephesians 6:1). It involves a proper attitude as well as appropriate behavior. [Note: See Mollie Ann Frye, "How to Honor Your Parents When They"ve Hurt You," Psychology for Living28:6 (June1986):12-14.]

The first commandment in the Decalogue with a promise was really the second commandment. Evidently Paul meant that for children the fifth was the primary commandment, and it contained a promise.

Verse 3

When he restated the promise connected with obeying the fifth commandment, Paul changed it. God promised obedient Jewish children who lived under the Mosaic Law long life in the Promised Land ( Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16). Since He has not promised Christians a particular piece of land, Paul stated the more general promise that lay behind the specific promise, namely, longer physical life on earth. Normally children who obey their parents end up avoiding many perils that would shorten their lives.

Verse 4

The duty of fathers6:4

Paul addressed fathers because they are God"s ordained family heads on whom the primary responsibility for child training rests. When a father is absent in a family, the mother usually assumes this responsibility. In Greco-Roman society the father"s authority over his children was absolute.

"This idea would have been revolutionary in its day; in the first-century Roman Empire, fathers could do pretty much what they liked in their families. They could even sentence family members to death ..." [Note: Morris, p191. Cf. Genesis 22:1-14; Genesis 38:24; Deuteronomy 21:18-21. See also Barclay, p208.]

Christianity stressed consideration for the feelings of the children in parental responsibility.

Essentially this command forbids making unreasonable demands on children in the everyday course of family life. "Provoke" (Gr. parorgizete) means to exasperate (cf. Romans 10:19; Colossians 3:21). Exasperating provocation can enflame the child"s anger unnecessarily (cf. Ephesians 4:31). Studies indicate that the factor that causes rage in teenagers more than any other is having to face life without adequate direction from their parents. Instead fathers should provide for the physical and spiritual (non-material) needs of their children (cf. Ephesians 5:29). "Discipline" or "training" refers to directing and correcting the child (cf. 2 Timothy 3:16; Hebrews 12:8). "Instruction" denotes correction by word of mouth, including advice and encouragement (cf. 1 Corinthians 10:11; Titus 3:10). Fathers are to do all this with the Lord at the center of the relationship and training.

"Responsible authority does not wield power; it serves with it." [Note: Bock, "A Theology . . .," p318.]

". . . too many parents nowadays foster the latent mischief by a policy of laissez faire, pampering their pert urchins like pet monkeys whose escapades furnish a fund of amusement as irresponsible freaks of no serious import. Such unbridled young scamps, for lack of correction, develop too often into headstrong, peevish, self-seeking characters, menaces to the community where they dwell, and the blame rests with their supine and duty-shirking seniors." [Note: Simpson, p136. See also Wiersbe, 2:54-55.]

Verse 5

Paul contrasted masters according to the flesh with the Master of the human spirit, namely, Jesus Christ. Christian slaves owed their earthly masters obedience. Obedience demonstrated their submission to Christ (cf. Ephesians 5:22).

"Christianity does not offer us escape from circumstances; it offers us conquest of circumstances." [Note: Ibid, p214.]

Seven qualifications describe proper obedience. Service was to be respectful (with fear, reverence; cf. Ephesians 5:33). Second, it was to be with "trembling" or "fear," that Isaiah , with care that the slave not make a mistake. Third, it was to be sincere, without hypocrisy or duplicity. Fourth, service should be as to the Lord.

Verses 5-8

The duty of slaves6:5-8

The third group that Paul addressed was slaves and masters (cf. 1 Corinthians 7:17-24). Most slaves served in the home in Paul"s day, so this section fits in well with what precedes about other household relationships. Some students of Roman history have estimated that about one-third of the population in the Roman Empire at this time was slaves, approximately60 million individuals. [Note: Wood, p83.] Many of these people were Christians. Most ancient Greeks and Romans regarded slaves as little more than living tools. [Note: See the excursus on slavery in Paul"s time in Hoehner, Ephesians , pp800-04.]

"Aristotle lays it down that there can never be friendship between master and slave, for master and slave have nothing in common; "for a slave is a living tool, just as a tool is an inanimate slave." A slave was nothing better, and had no more rights, than a tool. Varro, writing on agriculture, divided agricultural instruments into three classes-the articulate, the inarticulate and the mute. The articulate comprises the slaves; the inarticulate the cattle; and the mute the vehicles. The slave is no better than a beast who happens to be able to talk. Cato gives advice to a man taking over a farm. He must go over it and throw out everything that is past its work; and old slaves too must be thrown out on the scrap heap to starve. When a slave is ill it is sheer extravagance to issue him with normal rations. The old and sick slave is only a broken and inefficient tool." [Note: Barclay, p213.]

Verse 6

Fifth, service was to be consistent, whether the master was watching or not. Paul may have also had in mind doing work that the human master could not check on. Sixth, it needed to arise from proper motives, not to please men only but, more importantly, to please the Lord.

Verse 7

Seventh, the slave should have an attitude of goodwill toward his or her master. He should serve for the master"s welfare. Such good will "does not wait to be compelled." [Note: J. Armitage Robinson, St. Paul"s Epistle to the Ephesians , p211.] This kind of service is to be done as to the Lord, not as if to the Lord. The Lord is the One whom the Christian slave really serves as well as the earthly master.

Verse 8

Paul reminded faithful slaves that they would receive a reward from Jesus Christ in the future whether their masters on earth acknowledged their good service or not. This reward would come at the judgment seat of Christ if not earlier.

"Like Jesus himself, Paul does not shrink from referring to rewards." [Note: Wood, p84.]

This principle of reward for faithful service applies to all who serve the Lord, whether slave or free.

". . . although the numerous slaves who had come into the Christian fold were in the apostle"s mind as he wrote these words, the principles of the whole section apply to employees and employers in every age, whether in the home, in business, or in the state." [Note: Foulkes, p167.]

Verse 9

The duty of masters6:9

Masters should seek to please the Lord in their dealings with their slaves even as slaves should try to please Christ as they serve their masters. They should not threaten because our heavenly Master does not threaten us. Threatening means warning that punishment will come immediately (cf. Acts 4:17; Acts 4:29; Acts 9:1); threatening goes beyond just warning. The opposite of threatening is gracious, just, and fair treatment (cf. Colossians 4:1; James 5:4). Masters should also remember that their Master in heaven will not show favoritism to them because of their social or economic status. He will evaluate them by the same standard that they have used to judge others ( Matthew 7:1-5).

"This is a gentle reminder that earthly rank has no relevance in heaven." [Note: Morris, p198.]

Stott identified and discussed three major reasons he believed the apostles did not urge the abolition of slavery. First, Christians were an insignificant group in the Roman Empire during the first century and were politically powerless. Second, it was fairly easy to make the transition from slavery to freedom, and there was a growing tendency for Romans to free their slaves and even establish them in a trade or profession. Third, by this time the legal status of slaves was beginning to be eased and showed signs of further improvement. [Note: Stott, pp254-59.]

"The application of this passage to contemporary times must be done with caution. Paul was writing specifically for a society where slavery was a legal institution. However, there are certainly some principles from the passage that can be applied to employee/employer relationships in the present time. Primarily, Christian employees should serve their employers with fear, diligence, integrity, and good will and Christian employers should deal with their employees with integrity and goodwill, without threats. Both Christian employees and Christian employers need also to realize that they have a heavenly master to whom they are accountable for their attitudes and conduct. Furthermore, the behavior of both parties should be a testimony to the unbelievers with whom they work." [Note: Hoehner, Ephesians , p816.]

William Webb did not believe these exhortations apply to employer employee relationships. [Note: William J. Webb, Slaves, Women & Homosexuals.] Wayne Grudem rejected Webb"s "redemptive-movement hermeneutic" because he believed it nullifies in principle the moral authority of the entire New Testament. [Note: Wayne Grudem, "Should We Move Beyond the New Testament to a Better Ethic?" Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society47:2 (June2004):299-346.] I agree with Grudem"s analysis.

As we review this section of duties, we need to remind ourselves that only a Spirit-filled believer will be able to fulfill them ( Ephesians 5:15-20). Essentially what Paul urged was humility that expresses itself in loving submissiveness to others rather than arrogant self-assertiveness.

So ends Paul"s commands concerning how the Christian is to walk (live; Ephesians 4:1 to Ephesians 6:9): in unity, in holiness, in love, in light, and in wisdom.

Verse 10

"Finally" means "For the rest" and introduces what remains for the readers to do. "Be strong" is a passive or middle imperative in the Greek text. It probably meant both "allow the Lord to strengthen you" (passive) and "strengthen yourself in the Lord" (middle; cf. 1 Samuel 30:6). It is the Lord who provides the power in both cases. The theme of power introduced earlier in this epistle recurs here (cf. Ephesians 1:19-20; Ephesians 2:1; Ephesians 3:16-21). Three different words for power in this verse, all of which appear in Ephesians 1:19, remind us that the Lord"s might is available to us in our spiritual warfare.

""The strength of his power" is a striking use of two words for might. There is probably no great difference in meaning here, but the combination puts emphasis on the importance of the divine power at work in believers." [Note: Morris, p201.]

This may be a figure of speech meaning powerful strength. A hendiadys is the expression of a single complex idea by joining two substantives with "and" rather than by using an adjective and a substantive. Another example of this figure is "the sacrifice and service of your faith" ( Philippians 2:17), which means the sacrificial service of your faith.

Verses 10-20

B. Spiritual warfare6:10-20

That this section is distinct from the five that precede it is evident from two facts. Paul introduced it differently, and the emphasis in it is on God"s resources. Earlier Paul urged the strengthening and growth of the body of Christ ( Ephesians 4:12; Ephesians 4:16). Now he explained the need for this. The body is at war with a spiritual enemy. We do not just walk, but we also war.

"These two responsibilities (home and work on the one hand, and spiritual combat on the other) are quite different from each other. Husband and wife, parents and children, masters and servants are visible, tangible human beings, while the "principalities and powers" arrayed against us are invisible, intangible demonic beings." [Note: Stott, p213.]

"Sooner or later every believer discovers that the Christian life is a battleground, not a playground, and that he faces an enemy who is much stronger than he Isaiah -apart from the Lord." [Note: Wiersbe, 2:56.]

"The image of the cosmic struggle or confrontation with evil is frequent in the book, but it hits its high point here ( Ephesians 1:19-23; Ephesians 2:1-7; Ephesians 4:7-10; Ephesians 5:7-14; Ephesians 5:17)." [Note: Bock, "A Theology . . .," p318.]

According to the Book of Acts and other sources, there was an unusual amount of demonic activity in Ephesus, and Paul encountered it when he ministered there (cf. Acts 19:13-20). [Note: See The New Bible Dictionary, 1962ed, s.v. "Ephesus," by E. M. B. Green.] It was, therefore, appropriate that he addressed this subject at some length in this letter to the Ephesians.

Verse 11

To be strong in the Lord ( Ephesians 6:10) the Christian must "put on" (cf. 1 Thessalonians 5:8) the full armor that is God"s. He supplies it for the believer (cf. Isaiah 11:5; Isaiah 59:17).

"Both commands are conspicuous examples of the balanced teaching of Scripture. Some Christians are so self-confident that they think they can manage by themselves without the Lord"s strength and armour. Others are so self-distrustful that they imagine they have nothing to contribute to their victory in spiritual warfare. Both are mistaken. Paul expresses the proper combination of divine ennabling [sic] and human co-operation." [Note: Stott, p266.]

The purpose of accepting the equipment that God provides for waging spiritual warfare is essentially to withstand all of Satan"s attacks. In the context of this epistle the aim of Satan in view primarily has been the disunity of the body of Christ. However what Paul said here doubtless applies to all of Satan"s aims and attacks. These offensives come to us from a very intelligent and experienced strategist, and they are frequently deceptive (cf. Ephesians 4:14).

From other Scripture we know that Satan is behind many of our temptations, having received permission to assail us from God (e.g, Job 1-2). He uses the world system and our flesh (sinful nature) as his tools. He also attacks us directly himself and through his angelic emissaries. God has given us specific instruction in Scripture about how to combat these attacks. We are to resist the devil ( 1 Peter 5:8-9), flee the temptations of the world system (the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life; 1 John 2:15-17; 1 Timothy 6:11; 2 Timothy 2:22), and deny the flesh ( Romans 6:12-13; Romans 7:18-24; Romans 8:13). How do we know the source of a given temptation so we can respond to it appropriately?

Satan has consistently aimed his personal attacks at getting people to doubt, to deny, to disregard, and to disobey the revealed will of God (cf. Genesis 3; Matthew 4). The world system seeks to get people to believe that they do not need God but can get along very well without Him ( 1 John 2). The flesh tempts us to think that we can find satisfaction, joy, and fulfillment on the physical, material level of life alone ( Romans 7). [Note: See J. Dwight Pentecost, Your Adversary the Devil, and C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters, for further insight into the devil"s strategies.]

"A thorough knowledge of the enemy and a healthy respect for his prowess are a necessary preliminary to victory in war. Similarly, if we underestimate our spiritual enemy, we shall see no need for God"s armour, we shall go out to the battle unarmed, with no weapons but our own puny strength, and we shall be quickly and ignominiously defeated." [Note: Stott, p263.]

Verse 12

If we want to obey God and resist the devil, we are in for a struggle. It is not easy to become a mature Christian nor is it automatic. It takes diligent, sustained effort (cf. Philippians 2:12-13). This is part of our human responsibility in progressive sanctification.

This struggle does not take place on the physical level primarily, though saying no to certain temptations may involve certain physical behavior. It is essentially warfare on the spiritual level with an enemy that we cannot see. This enemy is Satan and his hosts as well as the philosophies and feelings he promotes that people implement. Stott refuted the view that the principalities and powers are only structures of thought, especially embodied in the state and its institutions. [Note: See ibid, pp267-75.]

Some commentators believe that Paul described four different orders of angelic beings here. Probably the four terms used of our spiritual enemies in this verse do not identify four separate kinds of adversaries as much as they point out four characteristics of all of them. "Rulers" stresses their authority and "powers" or "authorities" their strength. "World forces of this darkness" or "powers of this dark world" point to their wide influence in the world, and forces "of wickedness" or "spiritual forces of evil" relate to their evil character. They operate in the heavenly realms ( Ephesians 1:3; Ephesians 1:20; Ephesians 2:6; Ephesians 3:10). Presently Satan and his hosts have access to God in the sense that they can communicate with Him but not in the sense that they can coexist in fellowship with Him (cf. Job 1-2).

The idea that certain demons have special authority over specific territories comes from Daniel 10:13 where we read that the "prince [Heb. sar, head, official, captain] of Persia" withstood Michael, one of the "chief princes [same Hebrew word]." It is impossible to know whether all demons have territorial authority and whether all territories have demonic heads because we do not have sufficient revelation. Clearly some demons have territorial assignments, but it seems unwarranted to conclude that all of them do.

"Nowhere in the NT do we find a territorial view of demons. Jesus never casts out a territorial demon or attributes the resistance of Nazareth or Jerusalem to such entities. Paul never refers to territorial spirits, nor does he attribute power to them-despite the paganism of cities where he established churches." [Note: Gerry Breshears, "The Body of Christ: Prophet, Priest, or King?" Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society37:1 (March1994):15. See also Robert A. Guelich, "Spiritual Warfare: Jesus, Paul and Peretti," Journal of Pentecostal Studies13:1 (Spring1991):33-64.]

John Armstrong refuted from Scripture several of the teachings of some modern deliverance ministries. He wrote the following.

"In the face of growing citizen militia groups, committed to arming themselves in order to defend personal freedoms, it seems ironic that the church has forgotten that she is spiritually armed for an entirely different battle. As the church, in response to various culture wars, increasingly turns to numerous battles "with flesh and blood" rather than to the primary battle with "the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places" ( Ephesians 6:12), one must wonder if we have forgotten the teaching of the New Testament itself." [Note: John H. Armstrong, "How Shall We Wage Our Warfare?" in The Coming Evangelical Crisis, p227.]

Verse 13

This verse summarizes what has just preceded. It does not describe the Christian standing in victory after his or her conflict, as is clear from Ephesians 6:14-18. Probably Paul repeated himself here because of the urgency of taking up God"s provisions in view of the serious struggle we face.

The evil day in view probably describes any day in the present evil age in which the evil forces attack. A less likely possibility is that it is some day yet future that is more evil than the rest, such as the day of the Lord. Every day of temptation is an evil day for the Christian.

Verse 14

This verse begins the eighth long sentence in this epistle, and it runs through Ephesians 6:20 (cf. Ephesians 1:3-23; Ephesians 2:1-7; Ephesians 3:1-19; Ephesians 4:1-7; Ephesians 4:11-16). The main verbs in this sentence are "stand" ( Ephesians 6:14) and "take" ( Ephesians 6:17). They are imperatives denoting urgency (cf. Ephesians 6:11; Ephesians 6:13). Four participles follow in Ephesians 6:14-16 that describe how to stand.

Isaiah described God as a soldier (cf. Isaiah 11:5; Isaiah 59:17; Isaiah 52:7; Isaiah 49:2). Paul may have had these descriptions in mind, but he probably used this figure to describe God"s protection because armored Roman infantrymen were commonplace throughout the empire. One may have been guarding Paul when he wrote this epistle (cf. Acts 28:16). Everyone knew what they looked like.

Paul described the items that the Roman infantryman wore in the order in which he would have put them on. He first put on, over his short tunic (shirt), a belt that would hold both the breastplate and scabbard in place. The "truth" could refer to both God"s revealed truth that the Christian has believed and the Christian"s own truthfulness, specifically a lifestyle that reflects the truth. Full truth is the only adequate basis for a defense against Satan (cf. Ephesians 4:25).

"A man of integrity, with a clear conscience, can face the enemy without fear. The girdle also held the sword. Unless we practice the truth, we cannot use the Word of truth. Once a lie gets into the life of a believer, everything begins to fall apart. For over a year, King David lied about his sin with Bathsheba, and nothing went right." [Note: Wiersbe, 2:58.]

"People of that time did not normally wear a belt in the house, but when they faced some vigorous action such as running, or when a soldier was preparing for battle, they raised their loose robes above the knees and fastened them in place with a belt ... Thus the "girding" of the loins meant preparation for physical activity or, as here, for engaging in conflict." [Note: Morris, p205.]

Likewise righteous conduct seems to be in view as well as the righteousness of Christ that becomes ours at regeneration. The breastplate covered the soldier"s body from the neck to the thighs. It was usually bronze or chain mail. [Note: Wood, p87.] It had a back piece, but it was the front part that gave it its name.

Verse 15

Roman infantrymen wore tough sandals studded with sharp, thick nails on the bottoms to increase traction. [Note: Josephus, The Wars . . ., 6:1:8.] The gospel that has brought peace to the Christian enables him or her to stand firmly against temptation. Likewise the gospel is what enables us to move forward against our enemies (cf. Isaiah 52:7). The preparation of the gospel of peace probably refers to the gospel the Christian soldier has believed that enables him to stand his ground when attacked. We must be so familiar with the gospel that we can share it with others (cf. 1 Peter 3:15). That grip on the gospel will enable us to hold our ground and even advance when tempted. The gospel in view is the whole Christian message viewed as good news, not just how to become a Christian.

". . . protection comes from reflecting the unity that the gospel provides within the community ("shod your feet with the preparation of the gospel," Ephesians 6:16 [sic, Ephesians 6:15], looks back to Ephesians 2:11-22; it is not a reference to evangelism)." [Note: Bock, "A Theology . . .," p318.]

Verse 16

The Roman soldier"s shield was wood covered with leather to make it flame retardant. It was rectangular in shape and about two and one-half feet wide by four feet long. With it the soldier could protect his whole body.

"Before a battle in which flaming arrows might be shot at them, the soldiers wet the leather covering with water to extinguish the arrows. The Roman legionaries could close ranks with these shields, the first row holding theirs edge to edge in front, and the rows behind holding the shields above their heads. In this formation they were practically invulnerable to arrows, rocks, and even spears." [Note: The NET Bible note on6:18.]

"These darts were sometimes ablaze in order to set fire to the enemies" clothing or camp or homes just as the American Indians used to shoot poisoned arrows." [Note: Robertson, 4:551.]

The faith that provides such a defense for the Christian in his or her spiritual warfare is two-fold. It is trust in all that God has revealed and active application of that trust at the moment of spiritual attack.

The first three participles that explain how to stand fast are "having girded" or "buckled" ( Ephesians 6:14), "having put on" or "in place" ( Ephesians 6:14), and "having shod" or "fitted" ( Ephesians 6:15). The fourth participle is "taking up" or "take up" ( Ephesians 6:16).

Verse 17

The second main verb in this long sentence ( Ephesians 6:14-20) is "take" or, better, "receive" or "accept" (Gr. dexasthe). In addition to standing firm, having received and having already put on four pieces of armor, we also need to receive and put on two more.

Since Christians are to put this salvation on, the salvation or deliverance in view seems to refer to the present and future deliverance we need when under attack by Satan (cf. 1 Thessalonians 5:8). We have already received salvation from condemnation. We receive this present salvation (deliverance) as we receive all salvation, namely, by calling on God and requesting it (cf. Ephesians 1:15-23; Joel 2:32; Acts 2:21; Romans 10:13).

This salvation is evidently similar to a helmet because deliverance involves a mental choice, namely, trust in God rather than self, and obedience to Him. Confidence in God becomes our salvation and so protects our thinking when we are under attack.

The sword carried by the Roman infantryman (Gr. machaira) was short and two-edged. Soldiers used it to thrust and cut in hand-to-hand combat. In Paul"s description it is the soldier"s only offensive weapon. Infantrymen usually also carried a long spear, but Paul did not mention that in his analogy. The word of God is similar to this short sword for the Christian. "Word" (Gr. rhema) refers to the utterance of God rather than to the written Word or the living Word of God (Gr. logos). It seems most likely to refer to the words of Scripture that we use to counteract the particular temptation we face. It is the appropriate Scripture spoken or put to use by the Christian in a given instance of temptation that is in view (e.g, Matthew 4:4; Matthew 4:6; Matthew 4:10).

"As Jesus used the words of Scripture to repulse the tempter, so must the Christian the words the Spirit has inspired to drive away Satan." [Note: John A. Allen, The Epistle to the Ephesians , p138.]

The Holy Spirit both gives the word and empowers it as we use it. It is His sword (cf. Isaiah 49:2).

Verse 18

Prayer and alertness (two participles in the Greek text) describe how we should "receive" present salvation and use the word appropriate to our trial. We should be in constant prayer in preparation for our spiritual battles and as we engage our enemy (cf. Mark 14:34-38; Colossians 4:2). The Spirit prays for us ( Romans 8:26) and enables us to pray, as He enables us to do everything else.

"Man very easily takes his difficulties to his fellows instead of to God." [Note: Foulkes, p178.]

"Prayer" refers to our communication with God generally and "petition" to our supplications specifically. The antecedent of "this" is the first clause of the verse: "With all prayer and petition pray at all times in the Spirit". In addition to praying for our own needs we should also, as good soldiers, keep alert to the needs of other fellow soldiers, namely, all the saints. We must not fail them but pray for them persistently. The great need for prayer that exists is obvious in Paul"s use of the word "all" four times in this verse (cf. 1 Timothy 2:1).

"Prayer is an engine wieldable by every believer, mightier than all the embattled artillery of hell." [Note: Simpson, p153.]

". . . nuclear wars cannot be won with rifles. Likewise, satanic wars cannot be won by human energy." [Note: Hoehner, Ephesians , p859.]

Donna Reinhard pointed out that in the flow of Paul"s argument in Ephesians , we should understand spiritual warfare as influencing life within the church, not just as a personal matter. [Note: Donna B. Reinhard, " Ephesians 6:10-18 : A Call to Personal Piety or Another Way of Describing Union with Christ?" Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society48:3 (September2005):521-32.]

"Satan trembles when he sees

The weakest saint upon his knees." [Note: Anonymous.]

Verse 19-20

Paul sensed his own great need for the prayer support of his readers. It was incongruous that an ambassador of Christ should be in chains. He was in heavenly places, but he was also in earthly confinement. An encounter with spiritual enemies awaited him when he would make his defense before Caesar Nero. Paul wanted utterance and boldness to characterize his witness. Utterance probably refers to clarity of communication and boldness to courage. He needed bold utterance and courageous clarity in all of his ministry opportunities, but especially in the defense he anticipated in the imperial court (cf. Acts 28:30-31). There are nine references in Acts alone to various people witnessing boldly ( Acts 4:13; Acts 4:29; Acts 4:31; Acts 9:27-29; Acts 14:3; Acts 18:26; Acts 19:8; Acts 13:46) plus others elsewhere in the New Testament (cf. 2 Corinthians 3:12).

"The word for "boldness" is made up of two words meaning "all" and "speech." It signifies the attitude when one is completely at home and the words flow freely. Thus it may mean "outspokenness," or "frankness." When a person is speaking in this way, he or she is not in the least afraid, and thus the expression comes to signify "boldly."" [Note: Morris, p211.]

"Note that Paul did not ask them to pray for his comfort or safety, but for the effectiveness of his witness and ministry." [Note: Wiersbe, 2:60.]

The mystery of the gospel (i.e, God"s provision of salvation through Jesus Christ) needed defending in Rome because the Romans viewed Christianity as simply a sect within Judaism (cf. Acts 18:12-17). The Jews saw it as a heretical religion (cf. Acts 21:27-28).

Verse 21-22

Tychicus (lit. Chance) accompanied this letter to Ephesus and may have carried it. What Paul wrote about Tychicus and his purpose in sending Tychicus to Ephesus was almost identical to what he wrote in Colossians 4:7-8. Tychicus" mission was to give the Ephesian Christians further information about Paul and to comfort and encourage them (cf. Acts 20:4; Colossians 4:7; Titus 3:12; 2 Timothy 4:12).

Verses 21-24

Paul"s anticipation of his defense before Nero brought him back to the present in his thinking. His exposition of the mystery of the church to his readers had ended. He had also explained their proper conduct in view of their calling. All that remained was to share with them some personal information and to pray God"s blessing on them.

Verse 23

Peace, love, and faith are all important communal virtues in the Christian life. Peace was necessary because of the Jewish Gentile problems Paul wrote Ephesians to ameliorate ( Ephesians 2:14-16; Ephesians 3:15; Ephesians 3:19; Ephesians 4:3). Mutual love is the key to peace ( Ephesians 1:15; Ephesians 3:17-18; Ephesians 4:2; Ephesians 4:16), and mutual love rests on a common faith ( Ephesians 1:15; Ephesians 3:17; Ephesians 4:5; cf. Galatians 5:6). The ultimate source of all three of these essential qualities is God and Jesus Christ, united here in perfect equality.

Verse 24

As the apostle opened his epistle by referring to God"s grace, so he ended it ( Ephesians 1:2). God"s grace was the key to the calling of the Christian and the creation of the church. It is also essential to the conduct of the Christian (cf. Ephesians 1:7; Ephesians 2:5; Ephesians 2:7-8; Ephesians 3:2; Ephesians 3:8; Ephesians 4:7). Paul wished God"s unmerited favor and divine enablement on all who love Jesus Christ purely, without wrong motives or secret disloyalties (cf. 1 Corinthians 16:22). As God has poured out His grace to us in all purity, so we should pour out our love to Him in purity.

"Ephesians is ultimately about how God has powerfully equipped the church to experience blessing in Christ, by creating a new community that is able to honor God and resist the forces of evil. No longer does one"s Jewish or Gentile identity dominate. They are part of a new, reconciled community, a reconciliation that involves not only God but also one another. All enablement in this new sacred community is rooted in what the exalted Christ has provided for His people. That is why believers can have hope, since they have begun participation in a wealth of benefits distributed from heaven. The church"s members are citizens raised and seated with Jesus in a heavenly citizenship, though they represent Him now as light on the earth, fully enabled for the task. In all of this, God is taking steps toward the ultimate summation of all things in Christ." [Note: Bock, "A Theology . . .," p319.]

Copyright Statement
These files are public domain.
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Bibliography Information
Constable, Thomas. DD. "Commentary on Ephesians 6:4". "Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable". 2012.

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Critical History of "As I Lay Dying"

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Nashia Horne
28 November 2011
English 290
Critical History Assignment

Many of William Faulkner’s books, especially ‘As I Lay Dying’ focused on the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. The themes of his and other Southern authors included: a common Southern history, the significance of family, a sense of community and one’s role within it, the Church and its burdens and rewards, racial tension, land and the promise it brings, one’s social class and place, and, sometimes, the use of the Southern dialect. The criticism of the novel has changed over the years with critics using everything from Psychoanalytic theory to Marxist theory to explain the importance of language and the historical content behind the novel. In his article, “Voice in Narrative Texts: The Example of As I Lay Dying,” Stephen M. Ross investigates the use of voice through the perspective of the fifteen first person narratives in As I Lay Dying. Ross highlights the use of two distinct types of voice: mimetic and textual. Ross goes on to examine mimetic on three levels of discourse, the first being dialogue. Dialogue represents the narrative voice that is heard, so to speak, by other characters. Ross also concedes that dialogue can never completely be represented as it is being portrayed in an entirely new medium, the written, as opposed to the spoken, word. The second mimetic discourse examined by Ross is the use of narrative. However, Ross argues that the narrative discourse is inconsistent and implausible, and aids in the breaking down of the actual voice of the narrator. There is a disconnect between what the narrator could portray as a person versus as a narrator. The third and final mimetic discourse is authorial discourse. This authorial discourse disturbs and confuses the relationship between creator and speaker. In these ways, Ross argues that As I Lay Dying both enhances and challenges mimetic voice. The second part of Ross’s article investigates textual voice. This voice carries out a function analogous to that of voice in speech. With textual voice there is no need for imagined speakers. Overall, Ross argues that voice is the significant aspect of linguistic portrayal. In Constance Pierce’s article, “Being, Knowing, and Saying…”, This essay attempts to identify the nature of Addie Bundren’s preoccupation with her own existence, her “Being” in other words, not being able to be articulated with mere words. The deconstructionist theory presented here, in the simplest terms, is: “a person’s Being, or what Addie seems to be longing for as Being, is what he is before he begins to think about, or objectify, it (Addie Bundren before she is aware of being Addie Bundren).” In this way it is physically impossible to be conscious of one’s own being because being cannot be objectified. At the same time, however, it can be argued that what is not perceived does not exist. So therefore, “Being” does not exist in any state, perceived or not. Addie runs into these complications and comes to the conclusion that there is no place for her to simply exist as herself. Addie’s problem with words is that they never, being simply symbols, adequately describe experience, and since thoughts depend on the existence of words, thoughts are invalidated here as well. Addie longs for a place where she can be conscious of herself without beings spoiled by language, where thoughts and feelings can coexist, but those are lost in the moments and by their nature are impossible to notice. Adamowski’s article “Meet Mrs. Bundren: As I Lay Dying--Gentility, Tact, and Psychoanalysis”, provides a detailed psychoanalysis of the novel, and discusses the prevalence of Oedipus complexes and preoedipal phases. The novel progresses as a series of monologues without a narrator and centers around each character’s motives. The corpse becomes the only unifying object. Adamowski then goes on to examine the theme of privacy and violation, centering on Addie and her...
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High Noon at Alpha Mill

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1. The importance of interpersonal competencies and management skill for managerial and leadership effectiveness; differing skill requirements within different management context 2. The centrality of diversity within organisations including cultural, inter-cultural, gender and the issue of ethics 3. Behavioural change theories and the experiential/group learning model 4. Theories of human development; managing personal change and the centrality of self-awareness in personal development 5. Goal setting, stress management, time management

6. Interpersonal skills of relating to others including listening skills, non-verbal communication, assertion, responding and feedback skills 7. Applied skill of delegation, meeting management, group skills, presentation skills, decision making skills, problem solving skills, conflict resolution, negotiation skills, interviewing skills, networking, influence and leadership skills Required texts

Quinn, R., Faerman, S., Thompson, M., St. Clair, L. (2011) Becoming A Master Manager: A Competing Values Approach, 5th edn, John Wiley and Sons, USA. Indicative references
Useful Websites
Australian Institute of Training and Development www.aitd.com.au Australian Institute of Management www.aim.com.au/nsw
The Institute of Type Development www.itd.net.au
Australian Human Resource Institute www.ahri.com.au/index.php The Social Psychology Network www.socialpsychology.org
Bolton, R (1998). People Skills: How to assert yourself, listen to others and resolve conflicts, Simon & Schuster, Australia. Cialdini, R (2000). Influence: The Science of Persuasion, Allyn Bacon, New York. Covey, S (1989). The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, Simon and Schuster, New York. Daft, R.L. and Pirola-Merlo, A (2009). The Leadership Experience (Asia Pacific Edition), Cengage, Melbourne. DeBono, E (2000). New Thinking for the New Millennium, Millenium Press, New York. Dunphy, D (1993). Organizational Change by Choice, McGraw Hill, Sydney. Eunson, B (2008). C21 Communicating in the 21st Century (2nd Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Milton. Fisher, R. & Ury, W., with B. Batton (1991). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Honey, P (2001). How to Improve Your People Skills (2nd Ed.) CIPD, London. Janis, I (1972). Victims of Groupthink, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Johnson, D.W (1999). Reaching Out: Interpersonal Effectiveness & Self-Actualisation, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, Mass. Thompson, L (2001). The Mind and Heart of the Negotiator (2nd Ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Other resources

Additional readings have been provided on UTS Online. It is important that students read these articles in order to broaden their knowledge beyond the text book. UTS Guide to Writing Assignments http://www.business.uts.edu.au/teaching/guide/ UTS Online https://online.uts.edu.au/webapps/login/

UTS Library databases http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/databases/search_databases.py Assessment
Assessment Item 1: Oral Presentation (Individual)

Objective(s):This addresses Subject Learning Objectives 2
This addresses Program Learning Objective/s: PLO 3.2
Assessment Item 2: Personal Skill Development Project (Individual)
Objective(s):This addresses Subject Learning Objectives 1 and 3 This addresses Program Learning Objective/s: PLO 1.2, 3.1 Weighting:50%
Assessment Item 3: Skill Development Activity (Group)

Objective(s):This addresses Subject Learning Objectives 1 Weighting:30%
Assessment Item 1: Oral Presentation (Individual): 20%
Each student is required to individually give a speech of 10 minutes duration during the semester at a date and time to be arranged in Weeks 1 and 2. The speech can be on any topic you choose. You must identify the purpose of the speech utilizing the Competing Values Approach (eg creating commitment, cohesion; improving productivity et cetera) and you will be graded by your peers according...
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Plan B 4.0

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Praise for Plan B
“Lester Brown tells us how to build a more just world and save the planet . . . in a practical, straightforward way. We should all heed his advice.” —President Bill Clinton

“. . . a far-reaching thinker.”
—U.S. News & World Report

“It’s exciting . . . a masterpiece!”
—Ted Turner

“[Brown’s] ability to make a complicated subject accessible to the general reader is remarkable. . . ” —Katherine Salant, Washington Post

“If the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize had been extended to a third recipient, the logical candidate would have been Lester Brown.” —Edward O. Wilson

“Brown is impassioned and convincing when talking about the world’s ills and what he considers the four great goals to restoring civilization’s equilibrium. . . ” —April Streeter,

“In this impressively researched manifesto for change, Brown bluntly sets out the challenges and offers an achievable road map for solving the climate change crisis.” —The Guardian

“In tackling a host of pressing issues in a single book, Plan B 2.0 makes for an eye-opening read.” —Times Higher Education Supplement

“The best big-picture summary of our environmental situation—both the problems and the solutions—I’ve ever read.” —Grist

“A great book which should wake up humankind!”
—Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum

“Lester R. Brown, one of the world’s preeminent eco-economists . . . has a solution for dealing with the threat . . . Plans must be periodically revised and refined, which Brown has done with insight and foresight in this volume.” —Ode

continued . . .

“. . . a highly readable and authoritative account of the problems we face from global warming to shrinking water resources, fisheries, forests, etc. The picture is very frightening. But the book also provides a way forward.” —Clare Short, British Member of Parliament

“Lester R. Brown gives concise, but very informative, summaries of what he regards as the key issues facing civilization as a consequence of the stress we put on our environment. . . . a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate.” —The Ecologist

PLAN B 4.0

“An enormous achievement—a comprehensive guide to what’s going wrong with earth’s life support system and how to fix it.” —Grinning Planet

“Plan B has three parts: restructuring the global economy, working to eradicate poverty and reversing environmental destruction. Tall orders, to be sure: but Plan B is here thoughtfully laid out to achieve the seeming impossible—and with an understanding of world trends and cultures too.” —The Midwest Book Review

“Lester R. Brown . . . offers an attractive 21st-century alternative to the unacceptable business-as-usual path that we have been following with regard to the environment (Plan A), which is leading us to ‘economic decline and collapse.’” — Thomas F. Malone, American Scientist

“Brown’s overall action plan is both comprehensive and compelling.” —Caroline Lucas, Resurgence

“A great book about ways to improve the environment and sustain economic progress.” —St. Petersburg Times

“Plan B 3.0 is a great wealth of information on the environment unequaled in any other source of which I am aware.” —Walter Youngquist, author of GeoDestinies

“Beautifully written and unimpeachably well-informed.”
—Ross Gelbspan, author of The Heat Is On

“The best single volume on saving the earth, period.”
—Geoffrey Holland, author of The Hydrogen Age

Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization Plan B 2.0: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble Outgrowing the Earth: The Food Security Challenge in an Age of Falling Water Tables and Rising Temperatures Plan B: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble The Earth Policy Reader with Janet Larsen and Bernie Fischlowitz-Roberts Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth State of the World 1984 through 2001 annual, with others Vital Signs 1992 through 2001 annual, with...
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Role of Advertising in Newspapers

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The Role of Advertising in Newspapers
Revenues from sales of advertising pay for the bulk of the costs of newspaper production. That’s why the reading public pays so little for its newspaper. What is advertising?
An advertisement is a message designed to sell the advertiser’s goods or services to prospective buyers. Types of newspaper advertising
There are two types of newspaper advertising – display and classified. A display advertisement is a written message, often accompanied by an illustration or photograph, which can be placed in any section of the newspaper. A classified ad refers to those advertisements that are separated into specific classifications and located in one or more sections of the newspaper. Display advertisements

There are two types of display ads found in the newspaper – national and local. National advertising usually refers to products that are promoted on a nation-wide basis, such as automobiles and brand-name products or retail chains. Local advertising is used to promote local, regional or national products. The ad is written, however, to appear in the local market.When placing a display ad, the advertiser is charged by the amount of space the ad occupies in the newspaper. The price of the space varies with certain factors: •Newspaper circulation (the larger the circulation the higher the price charged) •Size of ad

Use of colour
Guaranteed position in newspaper
Day the advertisement runs
Advertising frequency
To attract a reader’s attention and to sell a product, many techniques are used in the creation of a display ad. As a result, these ads are usually professionally prepared in creative services departments of the newspaper, the advertiser or a contracted advertising agency.The physical appearance of an advertisement often determines its attractiveness to the reader. Some aspects considered in ad preparation are: •Size of the ad

Use of colour
Amount of white space, i.e., not too crowded
Graphics chosen
Type style and size of text
The information included in an ad can definitely influence its effectiveness in selling a product. Some display ads are purely factual and appeal to reason. Information in these ads usually relates to: •Quality of the product

Price or value of the product
General description of the product
Guarantee of the product
Other display ads appeal to the emotions of the consumer and may emphasise: •Brand loyalty – the advertiser wants you to identify with and continue buying established brands. •Conformity – the "everybody is buying this particular brand or item" approach. •Hero worship – endorsement of a product by a personality in entertainment or sports. •Status – an appeal to the buyer’s ego.

Humour – entertaining, but deceptive; says little about the product. •Personal attractiveness – a wishful-thinking ad appealing to a particular feminine/masculine image. •Style changes – the buyer is asked to keep up with the times. •Vanity – this kind of ad appeals to the buyer’s self image or ego-gratification where the buyer’s happiness comes first. •Economy – everyone likes to think he or she can economise while spending. •Luxury – symbols of wealth and excess.

Convenience – work and time-saving devices.
Lifestyle – the advertisement associates a certain lifestyle with a product. •Security – this covers many kinds of security: emotional, personal, financial, etc. •Sex – the ad uses the lure of sex appeal. It is similar to the appeals of feminine and masculine attractiveness. Keep in mind that more than one appeal may be found in the same ad. Classified ads

Classified ads are not written by creative service departments, but by individuals wishing to advertise goods and services available or needed. When placing a classified ad, advertisers are usually charged by the line. As a result, classified ads are brief. The price varies with the number of insertions desired and the particular days chosen. For example, the unit...
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Khloe Kardashian arrive at the SLS Hotel in West Hollywood.
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Outdoor John Audubon Center Wedding from Justin & Mary

The poppy centerpieces, from Market Fresh Flowers, which grace this Pennsylvania wedding might just make it on my Christmas wish list. They are absolutely amazing - and after reading about all the work the bride went through to get them (more on
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Tropical Storm Emily forms near islands; predicted to intensify into a hurricane

Sun Sentinel

Tropical Storm Emily emerged in the Caribbean near the Lesser Antilles on Monday evening, and its initially predicted to draw close to South Florida on Saturday as a minimal hurricane. It has had little change in strength since forming.

At 5 a.m. the fifth named storm of the Atlantic storm season was about 245 miles southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, moving west at 16 mph with sustained winds of 40 mph. It was some 1,200 miles southeast of Miami.

Under the initial forecast, subject to large errors, the system would be south of Puerto Rico on Tuesday, approach the Dominican Republic on Wednesday and the Turks and Caicos on Thursday.

It would be near the central Bahamas on Friday and just off the coast of Miami on Saturday afternoon. However, the projected path may well shift in upcoming days, as forecast models get a better grip on the steering currents.

Indeed, beyond the next two days, the track forecast is "highly uncertain," hurricane specialist Mike Brennan said. For now, most of the Florida peninsula is in the five-day cone of error.

Watches and warnings have been posted for several Leeward Islands, as well as Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The system threatens to produce up to 6 inches of rain along its path and a storm surge of up to 2 feet above normal tide levels.

With Emily, the Atlantic season is almost a month ahead of schedule, as the fifth named storm doesn't form until Aug. 31 on average.

Copyright © 2017, Sun Sentinel


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What are the Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder?

The symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) manifest themselves differently for different people.

Typical Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder

The typical symptoms of seasonal affective disorder include decreased mood and low energy level, social withdrawal, low sex drive, anxiety, irritability, and inability to concentrate or be productive at work.

Symptoms Specific to SAD (and Not Other Types of Depression)

The “classic” SAD symptoms, which are considered atypical symptoms of non-seasonal depression, are the following: sleep problems, including changes in sleeping patterns (oversleeping and having poor sleep) and appetite changes (increased appetite, carbohydrate cravings, and subsequent weight gain).

SAD in Children and Young Adults

In children and teenagers, the symptoms are slightly different from those for adults. These symptoms include inability to concentrate as in adults, but also irritability, crying spells, anxiety, low energy and fatigue, difficulty in getting out of bed for school, and a lowering of grades and self-esteem.

Because these symptoms mirror the symptoms of laziness, attention deficit disorder (ADD), learning disabilities, or the stereotypical behavior of teenagers, it is important for parents to note whether these symptoms recur year after year during the fall and winter months, and whether they go away in the spring.


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VIDEO: Police renew appeal over missing Sunderland man Carl Rowe

Have your say

POLICE searching for Sunderland man Carl Rowe are making a fresh appeal for witnesses more than a week after he went missing.

Mr Rowe, 42, of Eglington Street North, in Roker, was last seen by family members around 6.45pm, on Sunday night, March 30. He was reported missing by relatives on Monday afternoon, March 31.

CCTV showed him withdrawing cash at Newcastle Road in Sunderland on Monday morning, March 31. And on Wednesday, April 2, he was sighted in North Berwick, in Scotland, and he is still believed to have been in that area as recently as Friday.

He also has possible links with the Berwick area of Northumberland, and Paisley in Scotland.

When spotted in North Berwick he was wearing navy coloured Adidas tracksuit bottoms with three stripes down the legs, and a navy waterproof jacket with a distinctive bright blue colour in the inner hood.

Mr Rowe is described as white, 5ft 10ins tall, with short dark brown hair, spiked up, and wearing glasses.

Police are concerned for Mr Rowe’s welfare and are appealing for the public’s help to trace him.

DS Les Goodliff, Sunderland Area Command, said: “We’re continuing in our efforts to trace Mr Rowe and ensure he is safe and well. Anyone who sees him or has information about his whereabouts is asked to contact police as soon as possible.”

Anyone with information is asked to contact police on 101 ext 69191, quoting reference 636 31/03/14.


text:
One James in for another at Newcastle United

Have your say

JAMES Tavernier has been put on standby for Newcastle United’s visit to Swansea’s Liberty Stadium.

The defender has been recalled from his loan spell at MK Dons after James Perch suffered a slight strain.

Tavernier, right, had been due to spend the rest of the season at the League One club.

However, Pardew activated a recall clause after it became clear Perch, outstanding in last weekend’s 2-0 win over Liverpool, was a doubt ahead of tomorrow’s game against Swansea City.

And Tavernier – who has recovered from a knee injury which had seen him sidelined at MK Dons – has been put in the squad for Swansea City.

“We’ve called Tav back, so he’ll go straight into the squad,” Pardew said.

“The experience he’s going to gain in these last seven games will be significant in his development.”

Pardew is also without hamstring victim Fabricio Coloccini, while Steven Taylor is out for the season after rupturing his Achilles in October.

Tavernier – who can play at centre-half and right-back – has also had loan spells at Sheffield Wednesday and Carlisle United this season.

Meanwhile, Coloccini could be back for the Easter Monday game against Bolton at the Sports Direct Arena.

H Midfielders Danny Guthrie and Haris Vuckic are out of Newcastle United’s next two games.

Guthrie suffered a calf injury in Newcastle’s 2-0 win over Liverpool last weekend, while Vuckic has a knock.


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from the Chi to the SVQ

My life is dominated by Spanish culture: I have a Spanish partner and speak to him exclusively in Spanish, work in a Spanish school with Spanish children, and don’t know a soul in my surroundings who speaks my language and understands my customs. People joke that I’m heavily influenced by the sevillana way of life, and I once survived 20 months without stepping foot in America (or eating a Portillo’s hotdog).

Last night, I grabbed my bike and headed to the center last night to meet two of my fellow Chicago folk, Kelly and Siebs, for Mexican food. As I parked in Plaza San Francisco, listening to Coldplay’s “Beautiful World” and marveled at the light from the Giralda flooding the cobblestone. I snapped a picture on my phone, and upon putting it back in my bag, whirled around to see someone in a Packers jersey. I had to laugh to myself.

Kelly had just been shoe shopping, so we walked down Calle Sierpes towards the square where we’d meet Mickey. Plaza Salvador was half empty on the warm Autumn night, and as we chatted about her upcoming trip to Paris, I stopped dead in my tracks. A bespectacled study abroad student with an accent matching my mother’s was talking about the Cubs and Sox.

I may be far from Cheesehead territory and the Northside, but it takes very little to get me back to that same old place, Sweet Home Chicago.

What do you get homesick for while abroad? How do you deal with homesickness? Do you stick to expat enclaves in your city abroad?

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About Cat Gaa

As a beef-loving Chicago girl living amongst pigs, bullfighters, and a whole lotta canis, Cat Gaa writes about expat life in Seville, Spain. When not cavorting with adorable Spanish grandpas or struggling with Spanish prepositions, she wrangles babies at an English language academy and freelances with other publications, like Rough Guides and The Spain Scoop.

  1. I get homesick for the feeling of not missing anything – whether it be to context, language, history, whatever. It’s nice to feel like you get everything.

  2. Second to Kaley! I also get homesick for people to understand me and wear facepaint.

  3. I get homesick for family, friends, the ease of life in the States. Just the feeling of things “making sense.”

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