text:
Land, Language, and Wine Labels: An Interview with William L. Fox

William L. Fox (Bill) is a writer and the Director of the Center for Art + Environment at the Nevada Museum of Art. His ongoing interest, whether writing about Antarctica, the Great Basin, or Los Angeles, is in the ways in which people make sense of landscape. To that end, he has accompanied NASA astronauts to Devon Island, where they practice Martian exploration, driven for miles on the dirt roads of the Nevada desert with earthworks sculptor Michael Heizer, and hung out with Hollywood special effects expert Bob Hurrie as he builds and then blows up a model French village.

IMAGE: A half-dozen examples of Fox’s prolific and excellent output: Aeriality: On the World from Above, Terra Antarctica: Looking Into the Emptiest Continent, Making Time: Essays on the Nature of Los Angeles, The Void, the Grid & the Sign: Traversing the Great Basin, Mapping the Empty: Eight Artists and Nevada, and Driving to Mars.

He has also, I discovered recently, spent some time moonlighting as a wine label writer.

Food writing and its various subgenres, from Japanese sushi manga to beer bottle fiction, are a source of endless fascination to me, shedding equal light on the way we think about both food and language. In the world of wine, descriptors are particularly loaded, as the vagaries of sensory perception meet the marketing language of value attribution.

In an understandable reaction to the flowery bouquet of anise, graphite, and persimmon often conjured up on the same label, a recent New York Times article by Eric Asimov suggested that wine descriptions should be limited to two words, sweet and savoury. Meanwhile, just last week, Slate ran a fantastic article by Coco Krumme that correlated words and cost, finding, for example, that expensive wines are described using singular flavour analogies such as “tobacco” or “chocolate,” whereas a cheap wine tends to get abstract terms such as “fruity” or “clean.” “Armed with this information,” Krumme writes:

We could, for example, create the most expensive-sounding review in the world: A velvety chocolate texture and enticingly layered, yet creamy, nose, this wine abounds with focused cassis and a silky ruby finish. Lush, elegant, and nuanced. Pair with pork and shellfish.

And then there is terroir. In their Food for Thinkers post, Smudge Studio quoted geologist Terry Wright saying that “A label without reference to soils types and roles is leaving one half of the story of the wine in the dust.” The idea that place affects the taste of food, so that in turn, wine or chocolate or coffee made from berries or beans from a unique geographical location can be interpreted as an expression of the land is, of course, an endless source of interest for a site called Edible Geography.

So you can imagine my delight when Bill, BLDGBLOG, and I had the chance to sit down and talk about all of these things recently. Our conversation is below, and in it, Bill describes his education as a wine label writer, the history of the blurb, the influence of minimalist poetry on the language of advertising, and much more.

Edible Geography: How and why did you get into writing wine labels?

William L. Fox: Here’s the story: I’m in Portland, Oregon, and I’m working as an independent writer. I’m writing catalog essays for people, I’m working on books, and I’m going to the Antarctic. And I’m completely broke.

Then Robert Beckmann, a painter from Nevada, calls me. His high school buddy from Pennsylvania has moved to Oregon and started a winery. This guy, Dave Grooters, is an ex-software engineer — really smart and a wonderful guy. Winemaking is his new life, so he’s moved to Oregon.

So Dave Grooters hires his buddy Beckmann to paint the wine label for the first release, a high-end Pinot Noir called Roads End. The winemaker is a man named Ken Wright, who’s a god of pinot makers in North America.

IMAGE: Robert Beckmann’s painting on the label of Carlton Cellars’ Pinot Noir.

While they’re talking about the label, Dave says to Beckmann, “God, I wish I knew someone who knew how to write about wine.” Beckmann replies, “Well, you should talk to Bill Fox. He’s never written about wine, but he’s a writer. And he’s in Portland.”

Dave Grooters calls me, and I immediately call my friend David Abel, who’s a professional book editor and an all-around genius, and tell him, “David, I’ve got to drag you into this because I’m not going to do this by myself. We’ve got to do this together.” So the two of us go and meet with Dave Grooters and his wife Robin.

David and I are sitting in Dave and Robin’s living room, at their coffee table, across which is spread a phenomenal array of some of the world’s great pinots. Dave says to us, “I want you to taste these pinots. We’re going to walk through these so you understand the terroir from which each of these wines comes.”

From the start, there was nothing about blackberries and chocolate and all that nonsense. It was all about where the berries are grown, how the vines are treated, how the berries are picked, and so on. It was really about terroir: land, place, and our connection to it. Dave explained that the first release was going to be called Roads End, because that’s a particular beach he and Robin went to that for them represented Oregon and the aspiration they had for the wine.

In that first conversation, it was clear that we had to write about place and climate, and that our label would have nothing to do with all of these California affectations about how we describe taste in terms of other foods. We weren’t going to go there. We weren’t going to become this analogue wine. We wanted to be true to where the wine is produced and where the berries are grown.

That’s how I learned how to describe wine: writing the back labels of wine for Carlton Cellars. They have their own vineyard now, and it’s an exquisite site. It reminds me of Wallace Stevens’s “jar upon a hill” around which the landscape is ordered — there is a tree around which this vineyard is ordered.

Their wines show a sensitivity, in both the wine-making and, hopefully, also the writing, to the soil and the climate. We thought about it in terms of the clay to sand to volcanic mixtures and how that affects what the berries express, what direction the wind comes from, and the temperatures at certain times of the year — in particular, how close can you get to freezing to intensify the sugars at that crucial moment when the fruit is coming to a state of ripeness.

BLDGBLOG: So when it comes to describing the wine, it’s almost like you’re treating each wine like a Weather Channel report on the exact climate that exists on a certain hilltop during a certain month?

Fox: You could combine a Weather Channel report with a USGS geologist’s field report with a geomorphologist’s soil analysis, and you still wouldn’t quite have it.

So many vineyards are archaeological sites, for example — maybe they are post-agricultural of some other output, or maybe Native Americans burned the site as part of their landscape management. There are people who pretend that if apricots, for example, were once grown on a plot of land, they can still taste them in the wine. I think that’s possibly the silliest thing I’ve ever heard — but it is true that you can tell the difference between major soil regimes and how the soil has been treated.

IMAGE: Soil map of the Willamette Valley, via.

Edible Geography: Did you taste the soil?

Fox: No. I walked the land, but I don’t eat dirt. [laughs] That said, I have spent a fair amount of time with geologists in the field, and they love to taste rocks. It’s one way that they can tell how the world has acted upon materials. They can also tell a little bit about the composition by taste.

It’s like when I’m working with NASA on Devon Island and everyone is in pressure suits, wandering around trying to figure out how we would do geology on Mars. There are several complaints that geologists have about working in a pressure suit. The vision — and that’s where eighty percent of your information comes from every day — is actually not so bad in a suit, because the bubble’s pretty big. One problem is that you can’t touch anything — you can’t actually feel anything on your skin, because you have gloves in the way. That makes it hard to tell the texture of rocks, which would tell you how hydrology has acted on it. What’s worse for the geologists, though, is that you can’t taste the bloody thing. On Devon Island, for example, if you put rocks in your mouth, you’ll often taste hydrocarbons. When you’re in a suit, you can’t do that.

I will occasionally taste coarse materials — with small rocks in the Southwest, for example, I can sometimes use taste to figure out what’s going on in terms of stream action. But I wouldn’t have a clue where to start in terms of tasting dirt in the Willamette Valley. People who really know their wines don’t even have to taste the soil. They can walk onto a piece of property and smell it. Of course, wine growers always hire a scientist to come in and do the soil analyses, because you don’t spend a lot of money planting a vineyard without knowing everything about the soil and the drainage and so on.

IMAGE: The K1 robot exploring Battle Herc Ridge, near the Haughton Mars Project research station on Devon Island, in August 2010. Photo by Dr Trey Smith (NASA Ames), NASA/Mars Institute/Haughton-Mars Project.

Edible Geography: What effect do inputs — organic fertiliser versus non-organic, or pesticide sprays — have on the flavor?

Fox: Most people that I know who make high-end wines put as few chemicals as possible in the soil because it distorts everything. On the other hand, you can’t afford to be wiped out, you know? It’s a balance.

Edible Geography: I’ve come across something called the UC Davis Wine Aroma Wheel for describing wine. Is that something you drew on, or not at all?

Fox: UC Davis does great work and they’re amazing research scientists, but the school has a very particular and highly financialised relationship to the California wine industry. I’m talking about Oregon wines. Utterly different.

Edible Geography: And descriptors are one of the ways you would set them apart, as well?

Fox: Yes, absolutely. California wines are defined by flavour analogy; Oregon wines are framed in terms of the land.

IMAGE: UC Davis Wine Aroma Wheel by Ann Noble

Edible Geography: How long did you write wine labels for?

Fox: I only did it for a short time — about a year. It was one of the most intimate and inclusive and intelligent introductions I’ve ever had to a landscape. There was the geology and meteorology, but also the wine culture of the Willamette Valley — the entire terrain, not just the terroir, and how that translates into territory.

As a result, I’ve come to appreciate wines that are produced out of grapes grown upon hills, rather than in valleys. Duckhorn Cabernet, which is grown on Howell Mountain in Napa, is a great example. A Howell Mountain Cab isn’t that typically sweet California Cab where it’s almost got too much sunshine—it’s almost too benign a climate. Howell is just big enough of a mountain that the vines get stressed a bit more, and that gives the wine more complexity.

IMAGE: A USGS isostatic gravity map (measuring rock density) of the Willamette Valley.

Edible Geography: So you can taste the difference between grapes from a hill and grapes from a valley?

Fox: Absolutely. You can tell that the micro-climate is different. It can get very confusing, because there are ways of making the wine that will structure it differently, so you can change one thing into another. But in general, if it’s a pretty honest wine — in other words, if you’re not trying to change the character of the wine through the way in which you make it, but instead you’re trying to express the terroir — you sure can tell the difference. The valley has a less vivid taste in your mouth. It’s not going to have the highs and lows — the depth — that a wine produced from grapes on a hill has the potential to produce.

But it is entirely possible to fool people, to a certain extent. There are so many things that you can do in a vat that will change the nature of how things are tasted — where the wine comes alive on the tongue, for example, whether it be in the front or in the back, or almost in the throat, it’s so deep. I’m nowhere near clever enough to straighten out all that stuff.

But in a true blind tasting, what you taste and what you appreciate is founded on things that are so much more fey than that.

Edible Geography: Your personal infrastructure of analogies takes over.

Fox: Exactly. For true blind testing, you have to do a really large sampling of both people who know about wine and people who don’t. I find most blind testing competitions sort of silly, because they’re so unscientific. It’s just an extremely selective group of people with predetermined tastes and ways that they understand wine.

Look, what you ate the night before affects how you taste the wine the next day. What time of the month it is, if you’re a woman, will affect how you taste wine. How hungry you are, what perfume you’re wearing or laundry detergent you used — basically, everything else that is going on in your olfactory system will affect it.

If I bring a bottle of Roads End down to Reno, I have to let it sit for at least three months before the molecular structure settles down enough for it to taste like what it tasted like in Portland. A wine gets shaken up a bit just by driving down a road from Portland to Reno, and it’s not quite the same wine until it’s had the chance to settle down. So that’s a variable affecting taste: from how far away did the wines come, and how long did they sit before you tasted them?

There are some objective standards. You can really tell whether a wine has one, two, or three dimensions, to use a whiskey metaphor. You can tell when a wine is large and has rooms to walk into versus something that’s more like a closet — you taste it and it’s done.

You can also taste the amount of money that was spent to buy the care to make the wine. Actually, if you wanted to say what’s more apparent in taste than anything else, it’s probably money. You can taste the level of care that was taken in making the wine, and care costs money.

In a way, oddly enough, the terroir becomes financial, not necessarily geographical or geological. Of course, in reality, it’s always a mixture. The money will just enhance and take the best advantage of each terroir. But, if you’re willing to only take the very best berries as they’re moving along the belt, and only berries from vineyards that this year had a really good week at the end of a particular month, so they have a specific profile in terms of tannins and sugars, and so on — you can taste that level of care.

That said, you can be the most scientific and experienced vintner in the world and still blow it. Some guy next door who’s a tyro can make a better wine than you that year, just because of how things come together.

Edible Geography: How did your experience affect the way you read wine labels? Is there an element of competition for you, still?

Fox: I do still go to the store and read the back labels. I chortle sometimes, and other times I’m in awe. I’m the same way with books, as an author. That’s what a wine label is — a small book.

IMAGE: Although he was reluctant to name names, Fox later cited Duckhorn Vineyards as an example of a label he admires, noting that “The wines are so good that they can afford to make puns.”

BLDGBLOG: What are some of the best labels you’ve read? What do you look for in a label?

Fox: I’m not going to name names, but there are some I really admire. Of course, you can tell a lot from the front label. In the store, the really high-end wines are on the top shelf, and the really bottom-end are on the lowest shelf — in that respect, wine is just like toilet paper. The stuff everyone’s going to buy is in the middle, and you try to distinguish yourself in that range if you want to sell a lot of wine. So there are the catchy names and vivid labels, which are designed to appeal primarily to women because they do more of the shopping than men, and they sell better than labels that are dry or stern and forbidding, and don’t give you a lot of information on the front.

Edible Geography: Are there any words that are particularly meaningless on a wine label, the way “natural” on food packaging means nothing at all.

Fox: You’ve hit on a key issue. It’s interesting: olive oil is in a similar state of linguist confusion right now. I’ve spoken with guys in Australia who are making absolutely spectacular olive oils, and they were scratching their heads and cursing at what the Americans and the Europeans have done to the olive oil trade. These Australians are making really incredible olive oil, but they have no nomenclature by which they can explain and defend the virtue of what they do.

What we’ve done in the highest consuming nations, in a peculiar kind of way, is that we’ve valorised a certain kind of vocabulary that is shared in common with high-end wine, chocolate, olive oil, coffee — all things that you don’t have to have but you really want. These foodstuffs have adopted a particular vocabulary to make a hierarchy of value in their industries, and, of course, that is subject to corruption the minute enough consumers believe that A means something better than B.

I think wine started the process. Chocolate and coffee and so on are all are imitating wine. It’s a Pandora’s Box sort of situation — it’s actually quite interesting to watch how the vocabulary filters through into how all of these other luxuries are described. Wine labels are sort of a telling document in this process of how we establish and then co-opt hierarchies of value.

IMAGE: Google N-gram showing the frequency of usage of the word “terroir” in books published between 1980 and 2008 in American English.

Edible Geography: And yet French wine labels, from the most exclusive to your standard table wine, say nothing.

Fox: Exactly. You have to know something about the region, which is to say, either the geology and geomorphology and climate where the wine was produced, or you have to know the reputation of the wine-makers themselves or that a particular village is known for a particular balance. Which is to say, you have to know the terroir. French wine labels don’t even list the grape — it’s all about the terroir. And the terroir is not just a region — it’s a style that’s evolved to take advantage of the conditions in that region.

And Americans are a loquacious people.

BLDGBLOG: I wonder if you can find parallels to that in the different ways novels are packaged in Europe and the US. In France, novels never say anything on the back, whereas I want to know what it’s about before I buy it.

Fox: I think the British can actually take credit for that. There was a period after the Second World War where the British were beginning to mass import continental products — from cheese to literature — and the art of the blurb was invented.

Penguin was publishing French novels, for example, and they were trying to describe the sophisticated cultural pleasures of Europe to a relatively inexperienced population. Of course, England has spectacular novels and fantastic cheese. But in order to commodify products coming from Europe, in order to build up a market where there wasn’t one before, and in order to ratchet up national economies after the war, you get the deployment of the blurb.

Obviously, there had been advertising before World War II — but I’m willing to argue that the blurb came into its own as a literary form in Britain in the Fifties. Of course, no one can own the blurb — it’s a pretty large genre, and Americans have certainly embraced it. It actually works the same way for us — the Brits know more than we do, the French know more than the Brits, and so on.

There’s a whole history of blurbism that allows us to become more sophisticated and experienced as a culture. It’s all about how you sell stuff — you have to educate the consumer.

A back wine label is the ultimate in the blurbing business. If you think Stephen King’s blurbs have to be a paragon of precision, think about how compact the back label of a wine bottle is. You have so few words — eighty would be lengthy.

I started out as a minimalist poet, and that served me well. My friend David Abel is also a trained poet, and he used to run the best avant-garde bookstore in New York City — The Bridge. He edits down to the quantum level. He really can take a screwdriver to anything anybody ever wrote and simply get the fuel mixture very lean. The wine labels on those early Roads End vintages are, I think, quite clean.

BLDGBLOG: Are there anthologies? The 150 Best Wine Labels Ever Written?

Fox: No, but I think it’s a book we should do! I think it’s a great idea.

BLDGBLOG: There’s an anecdote I remember about the minimalist poet Aram Saroyan. He also worked in advertising, and he’s the author of one of those catchphrases that most Americans will know, which is that “Raid kills bugs dead.”

Fox: It’s like James Dickey — he wrote “The pause that refreshes!” for Coca-Cola. Wallace Stevens, to go back to the “jar on the hill” I mentioned earlier, worked in advertising too. That kind of concision in American language: you find it in advertising, minimalist poetry, and the best wine labels.

Edible Geography: Do you know what the wine label writing industry looks like now?

Fox: I have no idea. But I do know that there’s a real self-consciousness among high-end winemakers about not being flowery — not trying to take your wine and hook it to a cake, you know? There’s a real notion of trying to be honest about here’s how and where we make the wine.

But the bottom line is that language is a great deceiver. You’ve just got to taste stuff yourself, whether it’s a cheese or a wine or a restaurant, to know if it’s any good.

BLDGBLOG: What’s the wine label editorial experience like? Did wine-makers come back to you and ask you to use or not use certain words?

Fox: Absolutely. Someone will say, for example, “I just don’t want our geology to be identified with that of the Willamette Valley. I want to make sure we’re distinct from that, because we’re not actually in the valley, and it makes a difference.” To make that distinction, at the level of language, means there are words you just can’t use.

When you look at a vineyard, it’s a really small piece of property. Compared to a wheat field, it’s tiny. Everyone’s trying to parse out the finest level of distinction that they can draw, so that the mind of the consumer has a hook to put their product on. It’s never not a sell. Even the most serious, honest, committed wine-maker is aware of the fact that if he or she cannot sell the wine, then they can’t continue to make wine or keep the land.

This entry was posted in Interviews, Publishing Food, Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink. Trackbacks are closed, but you can post a comment.

One Comment

  1. Posted March 6, 2011 at 10:08 pm | Permalink

    Great thoughts on a subject few would consider… and an interesting reminder of the fact that everything we put in our bodies, one way or another came straight from the dirt. Wine is one of the “purest” illustrations of how a consumable can represent a very specific set of local conditions and processes, bottled and shipped great distances. When you drink a bottle of wine you are, in a very literal sense, consuming the soil and water of a place you’ve probably never been to.

Post a Comment

Your email is never published nor shared. Required fields are marked *

You may use these HTML tags and attributes <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

WARC-Type: response

text:
City Guide to Edinburgh, Scotland

City Guide to Edinburgh, Scotland

Edinburgh's Festivals

Edinburgh is best-known for its August festival: a huge, month-long arts extravaganza that actually includes several festivals running at the same time. But there are festivals taking place in Edinburgh throughout the year - from the Edinburgh Science Festival in April to Edinburgh's Hogmanay celebrations at New Year's Eve. Below are the major Edinburgh Festivals in the city's events calendar.

Edinburgh Festival Starts Ends About the Festival
Cuddly robot at Edinburgh Science Festival

Edinburgh International Science Festival

31 Mar 2018 - 10:00am 15 Apr 2018 - 11:00pm Founded in 1988, the Edinburgh Science Festival brings together a programme of around 270... Read more
Beltane Fire Festival procession

Beltane Fire Festival

30 Apr 2018 - 8:00pm 1 May 2018 - 1:30am On the last night of April and first day of May up to 12,000 people take to Calton Hill for a... Read more
EIFF logo

Edinburgh International Film Festival

20 Jun 2018 - 9:00pm 1 Jul 2018 - 11:59pm The Edinburgh International Film Festival, the longest continuously run film festival in the world... Read more
Horn at Jazz Fest

Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival

13 Jul 2018 - 10:00am 22 Jul 2018 - 11:59pm The annual Edinburgh Jazz and Blues festival runs the gamut of jazz persuasions from more... Read more
Richard Wright Stairwell

Edinburgh Art Festival

26 Jul 2018 - 12:00pm 26 Aug 2018 - 11:59pm Established in 2004, the Edinburgh Art Festival is the newest major addition to Edinburgh's... Read more
Virgin arches on the Royal Mile

Edinburgh Fringe 2018

3 Aug 2018 (All day) 27 Aug 2018 (All day) The Edinburgh International Festival may have come first, but generally it's the Fringe that... Read more
Five Telegrams

Edinburgh International Festival

3 Aug 2018 - 6:00pm 27 Aug 2018 - 10:45pm The flagship Edinburgh International Festival (EIF) marks its 71st anniversary in 2018. A high-brow... Read more
Tattoo 2011: Scotland the Brave

Edinburgh Military Tattoo 2018

3 Aug 2018 - 9:00pm 25 Aug 2018 - 10:30pm For scale, no show in Edinburgh can rival the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo. Literally hundreds... Read more
Book Festival in Charlotte Square

Edinburgh International Book Festival

11 Aug 2018 (All day) 27 Aug 2018 (All day) The temporary, tented village at Charlotte Square's Georgian garden, in the heart of Edinburgh's... Read more
Cat Deely in Edinburgh

MediaGuardian Edinburgh International Television Festival

22 Aug 2018 - 9:00am 24 Aug 2018 - 5:00pm The London media's mover-and-shakers descend on Edinburgh for three days for this annual get-... Read more
Scene from Bollywood Love Story

Edinburgh Mela

1 Sep 2018 - 12:00pm 1 Sep 2018 - 9:00pm 2018 dates and times to be confirmed. As the names suggests, the annual "Mela" is a... Read more
Scottish Storytelling Centre on the High Street

Scottish International Storytelling Festival

19 Oct 2018 - 7:30pm 31 Oct 2018 - 7:30pm A festival that celebrates the art of yarn-spinning and tale-telling held at the award-winning... Read more
Big wheel on Princes Street

Edinburgh's Christmas

16 Nov 2018 - 10:00am 5 Jan 2019 - 11:59pm Dates and times to be confirmed Christmas, or Xmas for non-believers, used to be a quiet period in... Read more
Edinburgh Castle on St Andrew's Day 2010

St. Andrew's Day

30 Nov 2018 (All day) 30 Nov 2018 (All day) St. Andrew's Day commemorates Scotland's patron saint and is a Scottish Bank Holiday, although... Read more
Hogmanay Street Party fireworks

Edinburgh's Hogmanay

30 Dec 2018 - 7:00pm 1 Jan 2019 - 9:00pm Traditionally, Hogmanay is marked in Scotland with friends and first footing at the strike of... Read more
Robert Burns (cutout)

Burns Night in Edinburgh

25 Jan 2019 - 6:00pm 25 Jan 2019 - 11:59pm Various Burns Suppers, ceilidhs and similar celebrations take place around the city to celebrate... Read more

warcinfo:
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39
publisher: Common Crawl
description: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018
operator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)
hostname: ip-10-37-160-190.ec2.internal
software: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)
robots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)
format: WARC File Format 1.1
conformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/html

text:
Brussels, 19th May 2016 - For immediate release

More work is needed on the PRIIPS KIID to avoid consumer detriment
The European Fund and Asset Management Association (EFAMA) issued today a Comment Paper in response to the European Supervisory Authorities (ESA)’s final draft regulatory technical standards on key information documents (KIDs) for packaged retail and insurance-based investment products (PRIIPs) (the Draft RTS), published in April. EFAMA’s key comments identify the RTS’s remaining issues and potential solutions that can make the PRIIP KID fit-for-purpose.
The PRIIPs KID is a good concept. Asset managers know how important it is that investors and their advisers throughout Europe are given meaningful, comprehensible and comparable information to feel confident about investing and make sound investment decisions. EFAMA has been a strong supporter of the overall objectives of the PRIIPs regulation.
A PRIIPs KID is a great step forward in terms of investor protection and that is why EFAMA believes it is crucial to get it right, rather than rushing it through.
EFAMA believes that the recently published draft Regulatory Technical Standards fail to meet some of the desired aims. Their main concerns regarding the RTS are highlighted below:
• Past performance will no longer be disclosed to investors, even though future performance scenarios are based on them.
• Costs are shown only by their impact on returns averaged over the recommended holding period of a PRIIP, making comparisons between products impossible and not showing to investors the actual costs.
• The calculation of transaction costs is based on improper assumptions and leads to false outcomes that will be misleading to investors.
• Two different disclosure documents will be presented to a retail investor when investing into the same fund through different means.
• The PRIIPS KID contains too much prescriptive narrative that inhibits detailed explanation of the actual product.

Alexander Schindler, President of EFAMA, commented: “Comparability will not be achieved and there is a danger of investors, at best, being led to focus on the wrong issues and, at worst, being misled. “
Not surprisingly, investors, too, are concerned, and consumer representative organisations such as Better Finance, the European Federation of Investors and Financial Services Users, are voicing similar concerns to which EFAMA fully subscribes to.
Peter de Proft, Director General of EFAMA, added: “Given the potential benefits for investors, it is important to get these standards right and properly designed from the start. Unfortunately, the PRIIPs RTS will lead to consumer detriment if kept in their current form”.
– Ends –
For media enquiries, please contact:
Peter De Proft,
Director General
Telephone: +32 (0) 2 513 39 69
E-mail: info@efama.org
Notes to editors:
About the European Fund and Asset Management Association (EFAMA):
EFAMA is the representative association for the European investment management industry. EFAMA represents through its 26 member associations and 61 corporate members EUR 21 trillion in assets under management of which EUR 12.6 trillion managed by 56,000 investment funds at end 2015. Just over 30,000 of these funds were UCITS (Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferable Securities) funds, with the remaining 25,900 funds composed of AIFs (Alternative Investment Funds).  For more information about EFAMA, please visit www.efama.org.


text:
Society for the Promotion of the Egyptian Museum Berlin

From you...

... we expect the readiness to support the Egyptian Museum,
  • individually, by taking part in the events of the 'Society' and the museum,
  • ideally, by awakening interest in our museum amongst your friends and colleagues,
  • materially, through your contributions and by winning new members.
By your membership to the 'Society' for the Promotion of the Egyptian Museum Berlin you are intimately connected to the actual work of one of the most fascinating areas of work in archaeology and a renown museum of international rang. In the tradition of the great patron of the Berlin museums, most importantly James Simon, you are taking an exposed position of responsibility for the promotion of research and art.

You are using CCBot/2.0 ( browser type cannot be determined | You are on the special text-version of this website. Please click here to come back to the standard-version of the Webseite with pictures.  | About accessibility | Produced by: RexPublica
Bitte beachten Sie die Hinweise zur Webanalyse


text:
Loading ...

How to Stop My Swim Goggles From Leaking

Updated February 21, 2017

Loose goggles are one cause of leakage that can ruin an athlete's competitive swim event. The frames can also leak if the goggles are not stored carefully between events. The best way to stop leaking is prevent it from occurring.

Loading ...

Place the lenses over the eyes without securing the head strap to test the goggles for a good fit and proper seal. Achieve a suction by pressing the lenses against the face.

Bend forward and face downward. Properly fitted, unsecured giggles should stay in place for 2 to 3 seconds. If they fall off sooner, try another pair for a better fit.

Press the goggles in place to create a suction and place the elastic strap behind your head, tightening to a comfortable position. When the strap is tightened too much, it can induce headaches and increase the likelihood of leaks because the lenses are being pulled away from the eye sockets.

Smear a thin bead of petroleum jelly around the outside gaskets of rubber or silicon, in an emergency, to stop leaking right before a race. This creates a temporary watertight seal. Do not smear the jelly on the lenses; doing so will decrease your vision.

Store goggles in a hard-shell plastic case, which is available at sporting goods stores, or buy a hard case for glasses from an eyewear shop. Goggles tossed in a swim bag or a protective cloth bag often will result in bent gaskets around the lenses, causing them to leak.

Re-seal gaskets that have separated from the lenses with a bead of rubber cement, taking care not to get the cement on the lenses. The cement will smear and permanently disfigure the lenses, making them difficult if not impossible to see through.

Restore bent goggles by placing in a saucepan of simmering (not boiling) water for 5 minutes on a stove. Remove the pan from the heat and leave the goggles in the water to cool. The hot water causes the goggles to reform to their original shape. This is a last-ditch effort before replacing the goggles.

Throw out goggles with cracked lenses or torn elastic straps.

Loading ...

Things You'll Need

  • Saucepan
  • Water
  • Petroleum jelly (vaseline)
  • Rubber cement

About the Author

James Clark began his career in 1985. He has written about electronics, appliance repair and outdoor topics for a variety of publications and websites. He has more than four years of experience in appliance and electrical repairs. Clark holds a bachelor's degree in political science.

Loading ...


text:
Loading ...

Types of utility poles

Updated March 23, 2017

A telegraph pole is a structure secured into the ground and used to provide overhead support for public utility equipment like power lines, telephone wires and other types of communication cable, street lights and traffic related equipment. These poles range in height and material, and they are anchored into the ground by different methods. In some cases, a single pole may be designed to support numerous types of public utility equipment.

Loading ...

Transmission Poles

Transmission telegraph poles carry high voltage electricity from a source, such as a power plant, to a substation, where voltage is then reduced and fed to customers through lower voltage lines. These lower voltage lines are supported by distribution poles. Because transmission poles support lines carrying higher voltage, they are often taller than distribution poles, generally standing from 60 to 140 feet tall. Transmission telegraph poles are made of wood or metal and often require a concrete foundation for support.

Distribution Poles

Distribution poles comprise three common types: tangent, guyed and self-supporting. Tangent telegraph poles, usually arranged in a straight line with other poles, do not have any external type of support and normally are made of wood. Guyed poles are constructed with an angled support cable attached to the pole and anchored into the ground. This cable, called a guy-wire, provides resistance from additional forces of weight acting on the pole. A self-supporting telegraph pole is utilised when guy-wires cannot be used to compensate for additional load. This type of telegraph pole is common when overhead lines form a corner or additional equipment, like a transformer, is placed on the pole. Self-supporting poles are commonly constructed from concrete or steel.

Light/Traffic Poles

Telegraph poles used to support street lights, traffic signals and other equipment for assisting transportation are often self-supporting structures. In some cases, a pole may support a street light and a horizontal mast with traffic lights and signs attached. Telegraph poles may also be placed on each side of a roadway, with a cross-section attached to each pole stretching across the road to support an overhead message sign. Additionally, telegraph poles often support various types of security equipment, such as surveillance cameras or traffic sensors. Other common utility light poles include those used along interstate highways to support lighting fixtures that can be lowered to the ground for maintenance, and poles supporting lights along residential streets and in private car parks. These types of pole designs often utilise large anchor bolts, which are secured to a concrete foundation built into the ground.

Safety Features

Most telegraph poles supporting electrical wires or related equipment have a static wire running between poles at the very top. This wire is connected to a grounding device called a ground conductor and aids in preventing damage to the pole and the electrical system in the event of a lightning strike. If lightning strikes the pole, the electrical surge is directed through the static wire to the ground conductor wire, which is connected to a grounding rod at the base of the pole. The grounding rod sends the electrical surge into the earth.

Loading ...

About the Author

Theresa Custodio is a Michigan-certified nurseryman with over 10 years experience. She has spent over five years working for the State of Michigan's Department of Environmental Quality writing permits and violation notices, which are published for public record. She has a Bachelor of Science degree from Eastern Michigan University with a major in biology and a minor in conservation and resource use.

Loading ...


text:
Loading ...

Advantages & disadvantages of satin fabric

Updated August 25, 2018

Satin is a glossy, smooth-surfaced fabric that is usually made with silk or rayon fibres. Its luxurious qualities make satin a popular type of fabric for bridal wear and formal gowns. However, these same qualities limit the fabric's versatility and can make satin difficult to sew, among other disadvantages.

Loading ...

Satin has a shiny, lustrous surface that gives it a luxurious and expensive look. The appearance of satin is a big advantage when making dresses and gowns for special occasions. On the other hand, the appearance limits satin mostly to formal wear.

Satin is smooth and silky to the touch. This makes satin a good fabric choice for garments and items that will be close to the skin, like underwear, pyjamas and bedding.

Satin is a lightweight fabric with a fine weave which makes it drape very nicely. This is an advantage when you want to make a loosefitting garment with soft, flowing lines. These qualities, however, also limit the versatility of the fabric. Satin is not appropriate, for example, for making tailored, fitted or highly detailed garments.

The slippery nature of satin means you need to take extra precaution when laying out patterns and cutting the fabric. This may mean laying the fabric out on a sheet or tissue paper and using only very sharp scissors or a rotary cutter. These extra steps mean working with satin may take more time and care than other types of fabrics.

Because satin is a slippery fabric it is relatively difficult to sew. You must take extra care feeding the fabric under the needle of your sewing machine to ensure the hem or seam remains straight. Because satin has a fine weave, any unpicked stitches resulting from having to correct mistakes will show on the fabric.

Satin fabric that is made from 100 per cent silk must only be hand-washed or dry-cleaned. Caring for items made from silk satin fabric is therefore more labour-intensive than caring for machine-washable fabrics.

The special weave that produces satin's lustrous surface gives the fabric a tendency to water-spot. If you don't take special care when ironing satin you can damage it--you must remember to use a dry iron and press cloth.

Loading ...

About the Author

A writer of diverse interests, Joanne Thomas has penned pieces about road trips for Hyundai, children's craft projects for Disney and wine cocktails for Robert Mondavi. She has lived on three continents and currently resides in Los Angeles, where she is co-owner and editor of a weekly newspaper. Thomas holds a BSc in politics from the University of Bristol, England.

Loading ...


text:
She Loved More Than Life!

I saw her in the group in front of me. She wore a white skirt and a checkered lavender colored top. I liked how she walked, talked, and interacted with the three other girls in her group. We were on a church outing to the local Putt Putt miniature golf course. Eight days ago (36 years later) I rounded the corner where the Putt Putt used to be on my way to the hospital to see the lifeless body of my bride. The call came at 6:51 that morning to tell me that she was gone, ending a seven month long battle that started with a ruptured frontal lobe aneurysm.

We would have been married 35 years next month, and I can honestly say that our love grew sweeter as the years went by. The last seven months taught me much about this woman who really was the love of my life. I saw her through the eyes of countless others who told me of her endless love and devotion. She was known for her Christ-like spirit and her positive and encouraging attitude towards all of those she encountered, especially her students. Parents, staff, students and her family knew she loved deeply and genuinely.

She was often heard saying, “I love you more than life.” I think she really did! In meditating on that statement I can’t help but think of Christ who loved her more than life. Our three-year-old granddaughter when asked where Nana is replied, “In Heaven.” When asked how she got there she said, “Jesus came down picked her up in his arms and carried her to Heaven.” He loved her more than his own life, so she could know how to love others more than life.

The love of my life, my beautiful bride, is in Heaven. I have a hole in my heart as big as the Grand Canyon, and I miss her deeply. I will see her again one day when Jesus comes down to pick me up in his arms to take me home. Until then I want to love as she loved. I will never fill her shoes, but I will gain much in this life and the next by giving it a good try.

Stan Means
Elder Source Senior Ministries
A Cause Worth Supporting - Give online

Get the new Elder Source Senior Ministries Mobile App
Get our new Aging E-Newspaper at


text:
background img

The Data Recovery Hero

The loss of important data for businesses, whether large or small, is always devastating. This is so as businesses rely on data for various things. They use data to calculate revenue, analyze effective and efficient approaches to fix an issue and most importantly for evaluation. These thee features rely on data in order to work optimally hence the loss of important data for a business entity is never pleasant. Lucky for you, you have the chance to recover whatever you think you have lost in the system. The recovery software free program is your solution to returning missing files you thought would have been lost forever.

The Data Recovery Hero

The software is easy to use and most of all, they always work. All you are required to do is install the software on your computer and within a few clicks you are able to revive the lost data! If you think this is impossible, you are free to try other high-cost programs that will take you hours to complete. The team bringing you this feature is also has various and similar software recovery programs for specific needs. One of them is the photo recovery software free download. Along with business entities are individuals out there storing their pictures from the latest vacation they went on. A virus attack completely deleting every file you have in your data storage is true nightmare. The photo recovery software free download is software that allows you to access your personal pictures in your system recently loss due to an unfortunate and unexpected malfunction. How the software works is not difficult.

After installing the software you will be presented with three different tracks of data recovery: the Deleted File Recovery, the Complete Recovery and last but not least the Partition Recovery. To recover your photos you will need to refer to the Deleted File Recovery where it helps recover data from partition loss, software crash as well as attacks from viruses. The next-button will lead you to the next and most important phase: the scanning of data. Scan the directory you stored them in and the system will scan foe you. You can also conduct a full scanning just to be sure they were not moved to a different location before they were lost. Once the data is found it is be retrieved and returned to your current computing system. This means that when you log onto your computer you can find the data available and ready!

The software is a user-friendly device. They require no particular skills to use and are welcome for any environment, whether home office, personal PCs as well as business entities. What you will love about the software is that it is provided to you for free. This means that you can access their program without paying a single penny. They can be used anytime of the day, for an unlimited amount of searches and will never fail you. The latter is the most important and for this particular reason the software is highly sought.

Tags Related
You may also like


text:
 Emerald: Outstanding Paper Awards

Product Information:-

  • Journals
  • Books
  • Case Studies
  • Regional information
Real World Research - #RealWorldResearch
Request a service from our experts.

Awards for Excellence - 2018

Outstanding Papers

Award journal index

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy

Volume 37 number 3
Explaining participation in undeclared work in France: lessons for policy evaluation
Jan Windebank, Ioana Alexandra Horodnic

Highly commended

Volume 37 number 7
From the informal economy to the meaning of informality
Monder Ram, Paul Edwards, Trevor Jones, Maria Villares-Varela

Volume 37 number 3
Social embeddedness, formal labor supply, and participation in informal work
Tim Slack, Michael R. Cope, Leif Jensen, Ann R. Tickamyer

Volume 37 number 7
Formality and informality in an Indian urban waste economy
Barbara Harriss-White

Outstanding reviewer

Ioana A Horodnic


text:
Theological discussions with a 4 yr. old

  1. Oh my goodness, I needed a infusion of cuteness just now so this was perfect!

    I just added you to my blogroll so I can stop being so flaky and remember to check in with you regularly.

  2. Today's entry is wonderful. Is this your son, by any chance? I'm Fran aka Redondowriter, the one who called for stories about animal for my Animal Writes entries. Only three people answered, but you are featured today with your beloved angel cat Bob.

    Thanks for stopping by Sacred Ordinary.

  3. He is one pure spirit that does not get caught up in unnecessary details.

  4. To all - He's one to keep you on your toes. And laughing. Having seen the bathrooms fro men & for women, he just could NOT figure out where the bathrooms for angels might be located.

    Fran - He's not mine. He's the grandson of the man I date, who also keeps me laughing. I am a SUCKER for a smart, funny man.

    :) Debi

    PS - Tango. Thanks for the add!

come. sit under the emma tree & let's talk. i have cookies . . .


text:
Job Search  >  Nonprofit Jobs

Professional Nonprofit Resume Writing

More Nonprofit Jobs:

New Search

Nonprofit Resume Writing
If you want to get hired at the nonprofit jobs listed above - you need a perfect resume. Get our professional resume writers to write your nonprofit resume and you're 100% guaranteed to get more interviews & job offers.

Post Your Nonprofit Resume To ALL The Top 80 Job Sites
With just one click your resume will be posted to ALL the top 80 job sites. Over 1.5 million employers use these sites to fill unadvertised Nonprofit and other jobs. It would take you over 200 hours of manual labor to post your resume to these sites by hand.

Nonprofit Jobs were found at the following employment sites:

Monster Career Site Jobvertise
HotJobs America's Job Bank Dice NationJob
FlipDog Net-Temps Top Echelon
AdQuest 3D Vault Recruiters Online
Wanted Jobs Career Journal Direct Employers

View Expired Nonprofit Jobs

*Please note that some of the links provided above will navigate to websites which are not part of the website and are not maintained by us or affiliated with any services provided by us. These links are provided simply as a service, and it should not be implied that we recommend, endorse or approve of any of the content at the linked site(s). The link information and reference materials are intended solely for the information of the reader.

Please also note that any site that we offer an external link to does not necessarily recommend, endorse or approve of Employment911. Nor are these sites affiliated with Employment911 in any way.


text:
Print Page     Email Page     Increase Font SizeDecrease Font SizeReset Font Size
Skip Navigation Links

Home / Browse / Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)

Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
aka: Arkansas Equal Suffrage Central Committee (AESCC)
aka: State Woman's Suffragist Association

The postCivil War era saw the beginnings of major social change in Arkansas concerning race relations and civil rights, temperance, and voting rights for women. Female leaders from other states, often with legal backgrounds, came to Arkansas to advocate for women’s suffrage. They helped set up organizations such as the Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), which was designed to advocate for suffrage in the Arkansas General Assembly, to encourage related organizations and activities, and to attract press coverage. Two different AWSA organizations, one that existed from 1881 to 1885, and another that began in 1914, were instrumental in promoting women’s suffrage in Arkansas. Because of the suffragists’ work in these and companion organizations, in 1918, Arkansas became the first non-suffrage state to allow women to vote in primary elections. Arkansas also became the twelfth state to ratify the womens suffrage amendment that would, in 1920, mandate equal voting rights nationally.

At the state constitutional convention in 1868, voting for Arkansas women was proposed. However, the idea was eventually passed over partly because of the fear that it would encourage “revolutions in families.” There were also general concerns about politics and suffrage. The Morning Republican in Little Rock (Pulaski County) noted in June 1868 that it had earlier “expressed our warm sympathy with the cause of women’s rights.” The article cautioned, however, that this sympathy would be seen as a political “fatal mistake on the part of the leaders of the movement in affiliating with the [D]emocratic party.” Connecting the civil rights and womens suffrage movements, the newspaper article supported civil rights advocate Frederick Douglass and quoted him as saying, “While the Democratic party is disenfranchising the negro, and woman, too, the Republican party is enfranchising the negro at least, and, I think, is largely in favor of the enfranchisement of woman.” After the constitutional convention, pro-suffrage speakers such as Phoebe Wilson Couzins visited Little Rock. The January 4, 1870, Morning Republican noted that the speaker from neighboring Missouri provided “an eloquent lecture, full of brilliant and sparkling thoughts.”

By September 1881, former Massachusetts resident Eliza (“Lizzie”) A. Dorman Fyler formed and became president of the Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association in Eureka Springs (Carroll County). The group’s function was to advocate for “such legislation as shall secure to woman all the rights and privileges which belong to citizens in a free republic.” Fyler was considered to be a good candidate to spearhead a womens suffrage movement partly because of prior experience elsewhere. As historian Elna C. Green noted, Fyler had been a temperance worker as well as a lawyer, “and was nearly a generation ahead of most southern women in the critical experiences that produced suffragism.” By 1885, she would become known as the first woman to practice law in the state, though there is a dispute about whether she was technically a member of the bar.

While advocating for suffrage rights, Fyler was concerned that the women who voted should be literate. The Massachusetts newspaper the Springfield Republican reported that Fyler told the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1885 that in Arkansas, there was “an alarming amount of illiteracy at the polls.” She advocated for an educational qualification for suffrage in Arkansas, similar to what was in place for the better-educated citizens of her native Massachusetts.

Fyler dissolved the Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association in October 1885, the year in which she herself died at the age of thirty-five. Vestiges of the suffrage groups goals continued, however, without the Carroll County group. The January 26, 1890, Arkansas Gazette announced a meeting of a group with a nearly identical description, the Arkansas Woman’s Suffrage Association, headed by Clara McDiarmid in Little Rock. Its goal was to elect delegates to a national suffrage convention. McDiarmid had organized the group in 1888, apparently without knowing about the earlier Fyler organization. McDiarmid’s new group sometimes went by other names, such as the State Woman’s Suffragist Association.

Ongoing women’s club and suffrage activity increased in the state as the temperance movement, too, picked up strength. The Political Equality League in Little Rock, formed in 1911, especially created momentum for suffrage, establishing branches in Hot Springs (Garland County), Pine Bluff (Jefferson County), Fayetteville (Washington County), and other cities by 1914. That was the year that the next Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association formed in Little Rock’s Marion Hotel in October. Its president was Alice S. Ellington. Its goals were to support a constitutional suffrage amendment for Arkansas primary voting as well as to support general women’s suffrage.

In 1915, the AWSA and the Political Equality League financially supported the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage in its efforts for a national suffrage amendment. By the time the National American Woman Suffrage Convention was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in September 1916, AWSA vice president Florence Brown Cotnam was scheduled to speak on “Dixie Night,” an event that highlighted southern women’s views and accomplishments related to suffrage.

Despite the support of the AWSA, the Political Equality League, and other related groups, there were disappointments regarding a women’s suffrage amendment in the Arkansas General Assembly in 1915. It passed both houses of the legislature, but it was eventually not presented to voters because of a law that limited such ballot amendments to three.

In 1917, growing suffrage support, the AWSA’s work, and the work of the Political Equality League bore fruit. A bill to allow Arkansas women to vote in primaries passed both houses of the legislature. Governor Charles Brough then signed the measure into law. That legislative decision led the AWSA to reorganize itself into the Arkansas Equal Suffrage Central Committee (AESCC) led by Cotnam. The AESCC would show women how to work within established political parties rather than being strictly nonpartisan. It also supported the national suffrage campaign.

About 40,000 Arkansas women voted in the 1918 primary. U.S. senator Joseph T. Robinson said, “They gave honest thought to their votes, and the best women of the state went at the matter as a duty they owned and a privilege they had long desired.”

The Nineteenth Amendment, which allowed women to vote, passed in the Arkansas General Assembly in July 1919. It became law nationally in 1920, and the AESCC became the Arkansas League of Women Voters. The group that had started as the Arkansas Woman Suffrage Association thus evolved and continued to educate new voters about their rights and responsibilities.

For additional information:
Cahill, Bernadette. Arkansas Women and the Right to Vote: The Little Rock Campaigns, 18681920. Little Rock: Butler Center Books, 2015.

Green, Elna C. Southern Strategies: Southern Women and the Woman Suffrage Question. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

Moneyhon, Carl. Arkansas and the New South, 18741929. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2014.

Taylor, A. Elizabeth. The Woman Suffrage Movement in Arkansas. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 15 (Spring 1956): 1752.

Williams, C. Fred, S. Charles Bolton, Carl H. Moneyhon, and LeRoy T. Williams, eds. A Documentary History of Arkansas. 2nd ed. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2013.

Jeanne Norton Rollberg
Little Rock, Arkansas

Last Updated 1/25/2017

About this Entry: Contact the Encyclopedia / Submit a Comment / Submit a Narrative

©2018 The Central Arkansas Library System - All rights reserved - Web Services by Aristotle Web Design.


text:
Image - Soviet officials confiscate grain from a peasant household in Ukraine (early 1930s).

Expropriation. Forced seizure of private property by the state or community, usually for the purpose of building public facilities such as roads or buildings. Expropriation may or may not be accompanied by compensation. Expropriation without compensation is known as requisition or confiscation and applies usually to movable goods. Expropriation is normally carried out by competent government agencies according to special laws. In Ukraine church and monastery wealth was expropriated without compensation during the reign of Joseph II of Austria and under the Soviet regime. Under the various governments that ruled Ukraine, the expropriation of land for the building of railways and roads was governed by a complex system of laws.

Nationalization—the state's acquisition of land, industries, transportation, buildings, and so on—is a special form of expropriation and is applied particularly in socialist countries. The land laws of the Ukrainian National Republic and the Western Ukrainian National Republic, which applied to large private, church, and, partly, state landholdings, aimed at forming a land fund out of the holdings and provided compensation to the owner (see Land reforms). The Ukrainian SSR adopted the laws of the Russian SFSR dealing with the nationalization of land, surface waters, mines, forests, banks, transportation, industry, and trade (in several stages) without compensation. In Communist terminology this was called the expropriation of the expropriators. It was applied with great vigor in the period of War Communism, even in relation to goods of everyday use, apartments, valuables, and the like.

Vasyl Markus

[This article originally appeared in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984).]

List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to Expropriation entry:

A referral to this page is found in 7 entries.

Click Home to get to the IEU Home page; to contact the IEU editors click Contact.
To learn more about IEU click About IEU and to view the list of donors and to become an IEU supporter click Donors.

©2001 All Rights Reserved. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.


text:
Wednesday, 12 September 2018

Run #231: The Rose and Crown - Wed 19 Sep

We are running from The Rose and Crown in September.

The pub in on Clay Hill, between Hilly Fields and Whitewebbs.  Hmm... wonder where we'll be running.

Bring a torch.

Wed 19 Sep - 7:30pm.  P trail from Gordon Hill station.

Thursday, 9 August 2018

Run#230 Mick Mack's annual summer "BBQ" - Wed 15 Aug

Continuing our summer of running and eating, August sees the Enfield Hash Summer "BBQ" run.  Same format as last month - the hare provides the run, food and beer and you bring some cash.  Easy!

Follow the P trail from either Arnos Grove or New Southgate station.  The hash is from Mick Mac's house on Lombard Road, N11.

Wed Aug 15, 7:30pm.

PLEASE REPLY to webmaster AT enfieldhash DOT org so we have an idea of numbers.

Monday, 9 July 2018

Run #229 - Annual Pizza Run - Wed 18 July

July sees the return of the legend that is the annual Enfield Hash Pizza Run.

Usual format: you bring some cash, we supply a run, beer, pizza ingredients and a pizza oven.  You make your own pizza after the run while drinking some beer!

Follow the P trail from Grange Park station, or park on Houndsden Road, N21 and follow the P trail to Chez Hare.

Wednesday 18 July, 7:30pm start.  Please bring £6 (exact money if you can) to cover the beer and pizza.

Monday, 11 June 2018

A trio of summer food runs (next is 20 June)

We present for you a trio of Enfield Hash summer food runs.  Get the dates on your calendar now.

Please reply if you are coming to the June run, so we know how much tapas to prepare!  Or if you need a lift from Enfield.

20 June - King and Tinker, Enfield (where we do Whitewebbs by Torchlight, but you definitely won't need a torch).  Tapas after the run.

18 July - The legendary annual pizza run, Chez Reekie, Grange Park.  More details nearer the time.

15 August - The annual charcoal-free BBQ run, by Mick Mac.  Arnos Grove / New Southgate.

All runs start at 7:30pm, just turn up ready to run.

Thursday, 10 May 2018

Run #227 - Winchmore Hill - Salisbury Arms Birthday Run

The Enfield Hash 19th Birthday Run is from The Salisbury Arms at Winchmore Hill.

Wednesday 16 May.

Meet at the pub for a 7:30pm start.  The P trail will be from Winchmore Hill station (2 minute walk).

There will be birthday cake!

Thursday, 12 April 2018

Run#226: The Jolly Farmers Wed 18 April

Our April run is from The Jolly Farmers in Enfield.  Wednesday 18 April, 7:30pm.

Bring a TORCH because while the clocks have gone forward, it still won't be light by the time we get back.

Follow the P trail from Enfield Chase station or walk up and down the bill (about ten minutes).

Wednesday, 14 March 2018

Run#225 The Oakwood Tavern

We are running from The Oakwood Tavern on Wed 21 March at 7:30pm.

That can mean only one thing - Trent Park, mud and woods!

Bring a torch and a change of shoes for the pub.

The pub is one minute from Oakwood tube station.


text:
Facebook Phone Number Customer Service

 on Friday, September 14, 2018

Facebook Phone Number Customer Service: This my blog site educates you the fundamentals of navigating Facebook's Help Center to fix usual account issues.

Facebook Phone Number Customer Service

Approach 1: Using Facebook Resources

1. Open the Facebook Help Center  page. If you typically aren't currently logged into Facebook, you'll require click the Log In button in the leading right corner of the page to enter your Facebook e-mail address and also password.

2. Evaluation the choices toolbar. This goes to the top of the screen, directly underneath the search bar-- you'll should drag your computer mouse cursor over each choice to see its subsections. Your choices include the following:

- Making use of Facebook - This area of the Help Center covers standard Facebook performance, consisting of how-tos on friending, messaging, and account production.
- Handling Your Account - Covers things such as your login and also your profile setups.
- Personal privacy and also Safety and security - Addresses account safety and security, unfriending people, and also hacked/fake accounts.
- Plans and Coverage - Covers basic coverage (abuse, spam, and so on) in addition to taking care of a deceases individual's Facebook account as well as reporting hacked or phony accounts.
- You can also have a look at the "Questions You May Have" and also "Popular Topics" areas on this page, since they cover usual concerns and problems.

3. Select a pertinent area. For example, if you're having a problem with an impostor account, you 'd select the "Privacy and Safety" area and afterwards click Hacked and Fake Accounts.

4. Testimonial added options. In maintaining with the impostor account example, you might click the "How do I report an account that's pretending to be me?" web link. Doing so will bring up a series of steps that clarify the best ways to correct your scenario.

- For example, Facebook suggests managing an impostor account by going to the account's profile page, clicking ..., and clicking Report, after that complying with the on-screen guidelines.

5. Make use of the search bar to quicken your procedure. To do this, simply click the search bar on top of the Help Center page - it will claim something like "Hi (Your Name), how can we help?" - and also type in a few words connected to your problem. You should see several suggestions turn up in a drop-down menu listed below the search bar.

- For example, you might key in "impostor account", after that click on the "How do I report an account for impersonation?" result.
- The search bar below just connect to Facebook's pre-written short articles-- if you're looking for a response to a particular issue not covered in the Help Center, avoid ahead to the Community page.

6. Open the Ads Help Center page. If your organisation or page is having problems with advertisements, your questions are typically dealt with in this section.

- To look into advertising, you'll intend to click Creating Ads or Managing Ads.
- For troubles with advertising, you'll should click Troubleshooting Your Ads and then select an issue on the subsequent menu.

7. Go To the Facebook Community page. If you can't locate your existing problem listed throughout the Help Center, your best option is to seek it in the community forums below.

- You'll see a search bar on top of this page-- you could look up topics (e.g., impaired accounts) from here.

Method 2: Submitting a Grievance through the Bbb

1. Open up Facebook's Bbb page.

2. Scroll down and click Submit a Complaint. This gets on the reduced best side of the webpage next to the Submit a Review button.

3. Click Click Here to File a Complaint. This is underneath the "I am looking to resolve a dispute with a business" heading on the left side of the page.

4. Fill out the Qualification Questions form. Right here, you'll have to click the "Yes" or "No" checkbox for every of the adhering to questions:

-Is this an employee/employer complaint?
-Is this a discrimination or civil rights complaint?
-Does your complaint allege a criminal act?
-Is this a business with a complaint for collections purposes with another business?
-Is this complaint in litigation?
-Is this complaint based solely on dissatisfaction with a price?
-Is this complaint about a purchase you wish you never made?
-Are solely seeking an apology from the business?
-Are you filing this complaint for BBB information only?

5. Click Proceed to Complaint Form. You can also click Clear & Start Over to begin submitting the kind again.

6. Click Proceed. If you want to transform the language of the list below types, you must initially click the "Select Language" bar in the leading left corner of the display and after that click your recommended language.

7. Fill in the complaint type. This will vary from person to person based on one's individual info and the nature of one's issue, yet be sure to be as comprehensive as feasible when completing this form. You need to include all of the following:

-The problem you're encountering
-The steps you took to resolve the problem
-The issues you ran into while attempting to resolve the problem
-Any potential solutions and/or suggestions you can think of

8. Scroll down and also click Submit Complaint.

9. Await an e-mail to get here. Facebook operates on West Coastline time, so expect your email to arrive appropriately within three to five business days.

Method 3: Submitting a Charm for a Handicapped Account

1. Open the Disabled Facebook Account page. If your account hasn't already been disabled (or isn't presently handicapped), you will not be able to submit a charm.

2. Click the "submit an appeal" web link. This is toward all-time low of the page's paragraph next to the "If you think your account was disabled by mistake" line.

3. Type in your Facebook email address. You can additionally use a contact number here.

4. Enter your complete name. See to it the name listed here straight matches the name on your account.

5. Click Choose Files. You'll additionally have to submit a picture of an ID-- be it a vehicle driver's certificate, a license, or a passport photo.

- If you do not have a photo of your ID offered, take one now and also send it to on your own by means of e-mail so you could download it to your desktop computer.

6. Click a file location. For instance, you may click Desktop here.

7. Click your ID image. This will post it to the Facebook kind.

8. Type details into the "Additional Info" box. This is the room in which you can validate the awakening of your account. Take into consideration consisting of information like the following:

-Why your account shouldn't have been deactivated
-Why you want your account to be reactivated
-Any other extenuating factors that might help your account be reactivated (for example, malicious interference with your account)

9. Click Send. Doing so will certainly send your kind to Facebook for review. Please note that you could not receive a feedback for numerous days.

- If you do not get a reaction within a week, attempt resubmitting your type.

Technique 4: Recouping Your Password

1. Open up the Facebook website.

2. Click "Forgot Account?". This alternative is beneath the "Password" field in the top right corner of your display.

3. Key in your name, e-mail address, or phone number. Make sure you could access whichever system you prefer to select.

4. Struck Enter.

5. Click Continue.

6. Check your selected tool of communication for a code. For instance, if you listed your contact number, you should get a message with a code.

- If you choose email, inspect your Spam folder.

7. Kind your code right into the "Enter Code" area.

8. Click Continue.

9. Click Continue again. You could additionally prefer to log out of your account on all gadgets if you think your account has actually been maliciously appropriated.

10. Key in a brand-new password.

11. Click Continue. Your password has actually efficiently been reset across all Facebook systems (e.g., mobile and also desktop alike).
Facebook Phone Number Customer Service 4.5 5 Pusahma satu Friday, September 14, 2018 Facebook Phone Number Customer Service: This my blog site educates you the fundamentals of navigating Facebook's Help Center to fix usua...

Copyright © Enspirer Facebook. All Rights Reserved.   New Thesis SEO V2 Theme by CB Design


text:
Historical Photographs of the Epping to Ongar Line

A shortened history of the line can be found here. During your visit, don't forget to pick up a copy of our informative Guide Book for only £2.50! Copies are available from our Ticket Offices or Gift Shops, and also mail order from our shop, and contain an in-depth history of the line's existence.


text:
ePodunk - The power of place
Include former names         Go To:
Advanced search | Cemetery search
Pennsylvania > All counties > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia

Profile for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA

Philadelphia postcard post card - Dock Street, Philadelphia, PA
Dock Street, Philadelphia, PA

Send us your Philadelphia photos:

Tell us the pros & cons of Philadelphia
Blog about Philadelphia
Philadelphia map

Sponsored Ads

Philadelphia is a city in Philadelphia County.

It is the county seat.

"City of Brotherly Love"

The latitude of Philadelphia is 39.952N. The longitude is -75.164W.

It is in the Eastern Standard time zone. Elevation is 39 feet.

The estimated population, in 2003, was 1,479,339.

Median household income
Source: 2000 census, U.S. Census Bureau
For more census details and comparisons, see our Philadelphia demographic reports
Philadelphia is on the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers.
William Penn planned this as "a greene Countrie Towne, which will never be burnt, and allways be wholsome." The first Quakers who arrived here lived in caves along the riverbanks.

The first and second Continental Congresses met in the city in the mid-1770s. At the second, in 1776, the colonies declared their independence from Britain. Thomas Jefferson penned the document, the Declaration of Independence.

After gaining independence and then floundering under the Articles of Confederation, another convention, the Constitutional Convention, was held in the city in 1787. Out of this meeing came the country's present-day Constitution.

At the turn of the 18th century, the city was the country's most powerful. This continued until the 1820s, when the Erie Canal was built and New York surpassed it.

Public transportation: Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, PATCO (See the transit and travel sections below.)

Crime: The number of violent crimes recorded by the FBI in 2003 was 20,620. The number of murders and homicides was 348. The violent crime rate was 13.8 per 1,000 people.
Ranked No. 10 among Best Cities for Singles, Forbes magazine, 2002
Philadelphia received national attention for 1985 police bombing of MOVE headquarters, killing 11 and destroying 60 homes
Local foods: cheese steak, roast pork sandwich
Filming location for:
· 1993 movie, "Philadelphia"
· 1976 movie, "Rocky"
· 2006 movie, "Invincible"
Census 2000 highlights: Fifth largest city in the U.S., by population
Well-known residents have included:
· Benjamin Franklin, editor, statesman and inventor
· Will Smith, actor and singer
· Marian Anderson, singer
· Margaret Mead, anthropologist
· Louis Kahn, architect
Local bands (past and present) have included G. Love & Special Sauce, Boyz II Men, Sister Sledge, The Roots, Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes, Stylistics
Coffee: National and regional coffee companies with outlets here include Starbucks, Gloria Jean's
Local festivals include:
  • Live Arts Festival & Philly Fringe - Aug. 31-Sept. 15, 2007
  • Spring Oktoberfest - April 14, 2007
  • Octoberfest - Aug. 16-Sept. 30, 2007
  • Philadelphia Film Festival - April 5-18, 2007
  • Folk Festival - Aug. 17-19, 2007
  • Mexican Independence Day Festival - Sept. 16, 2007
Dates often change. Check Philadelphia web sites and events links in the sections below.
Performing arts: Philadelphia Sinfonia, Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Orchestra, Pennsylvania Ballet
Nearby parks & recreation: Fairmount Park
Philadelphia attractions: Philadelphia Zoo
Sports teams: Phantoms (AHL), Phillies (NL), Eagles (NFL), 76ers (NBA), Flyers (NHL), Soul (Arena Football League), Barrage (Major League Lacrosse)
Historic sites and museums: Independence National Park, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences, Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, Rodin Museum
Colleges and universities: University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, Drexel University, Philadelphia University, Thomas Jefferson University, Saint Joseph's University, La Salle University
Support for libraries: Local government funding for the local library system, in fiscal years 2001-2002, was above the national average. (See library links below.)
Gays & lesbians
National index: 100
Local index: 130
In Philadelphia, thousands frightened. More right after this.
-- WKRP in Cincinnati, 1978
Les Nessman
· "Philadelphia Freedom"
· "Sailing To Philadelphia" (Mark Knopfler)
· "Streets of Philadelphia" (Bruce Springsteen)

Listed places near Philadelphia

Click on a group to see the items on the map
Please wait while the map loads... click here to force load
Philadelphia County
Add extra pins to the map by clicking on the list above the map. You may click the displayed pins for more information, or search the displayed pins by using the above search field.

Neighborhoods in Philadelphia include Academy Gardens, Allegheny West, Andorra, Angora, Aston-Woodbridge, Bartram Village, Bella Vista, Belmont, Brewerytown, Bridesburg ... More neighborhood info

Neighborhoods in Philadelphia include Academy Gardens, Allegheny West, Andorra, Angora, Aston-Woodbridge, Bartram Village, Bella Vista, Belmont, Brewerytown, Bridesburg ... More neighborhood info

Census & demographics

Sections below provide additional information and links about Philadelphia demographics, travel and tourism, nearby airports, cemeteries, the Philadelphia County economy, education, environment, genealogy, government, historic sites, Philadelphia area jobs, libraries, maps, museums, newspapers and other media, nonprofit groups, real estate, recreation, religion, transportation, and weather in the 19104 ZIP code.

Philadelphia, PA locator map
(Also see local map below.)
Philadelphia Web sites

Ancestry & family history

8% of Philadelphia residents report German ancestry, and 14% report Irish. For more info on local ancestry groups, see the Philadelphia ancestry & family history guide.

Post a query on a message board:

Records & databases:

Courts & laws
Disability access & rights

At the time of the 2000 census, the per capita income in Philadelphia was $16,509, compared with $21,587 nationally.

18% of Philadelphia residents age 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree.

Fairs, festivals & other events
Philadelphia festival dates:

Dates often change. Check with local tourism officials to be sure.

Philadelphia festival web sites:

Fall foliage National Forest foliage hotspots
 Foliage hotlines
Geocaching & geography
Gifts & collectibles
Guides to Philadelphia
Historical societies
Historical societies

Historic districts in Philadelphia include Brewerytown Historic District, Broad Street Historic District, Center City West Commercial Historic District, Chestnut Hill Historic District, Clinton Street Historic District, Colonial Germantown Historic District, Drexel Development Historic District, Dropsie University Complex, Druim Moir Historic District, East Center City Commercial Historic District ... View historic districts

Housing & real estate

Median rent in Philadelphia, at the time of the 2000 Census, was $474.   Monthly homeowner costs, for people with mortgages, were $800.

Libraries in Philadelphia include Andorra Branch Library, Blanche A Nixon Branch, Cobbs Creek, Bushrod Library, Bustleton Avenue Branch Library, Cecil B Moore Branch Library, Charles Durham Branch Library, Chestnut Hill Branch Library, Eastwick Branch Library, Falls of Schuylkill Branch Library, Fishtown Community Branch Library ... View libraries

Media outlets

Newspapers in Philadelphia include Northeast News Gleaner, Philadelphia Daily News, Philadelphia Inquirer

TV stations in Philadelphia include KYW, WCAU, WPHL, WPSG, WPVI, WTXF, WYBE.

National Public Radio programming is carried locally by WHYY-FM., WRTI., WXPN.

Parks & recreation
Photos & post cards

Philadelphia County supported John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. For more information, see our Philadelphia political report.

Postal Service

Philadelphia restaurants taking online reservations include Allies American Grill - Philadelphia Marriott, Alma De Cuba, Amada, Astral Plane, Barclay Prime, Bistro Romano, Bistro St. Tropez, Bliss, Bourbon Blue, Brasserie Perrier ... View restaurants

The average commute time for Philadelphia workers is 32 minutes, compared with 26 minutes nationwide.

A total of 332 fatal motor vehicle accidents occurred in Philadelphia between 2001 and 2003, according to reports gathered by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

This is a rate of 2.2 fatal crashes per 10,000 population, which was lower than the national norm.

Browse list of Pennsylvania community profiles

Job Search
job title, keywords, or company name
city, state, zip code
jobs by Indeed

Philadelphia, PA

Pros: reasonable rents in Center City, good restaurants, historical sites

Cons: crime, no real police presense, homeless in the upscale areas of Center City, 1 department store (Macy's that has only opened last September) in Center City

This is a good place to visit if you are an American History buff, but think twice about living here until the gangs, guns and resulting crime is addressed by a serious mayor and a professional police commissioner (but don't hold your breath!)

See all 3 reviews for Philadelphia
Read Other Reviews

Researching the Philadelphia market for a new business

Read the entire blog entry

Visit the Reader Blog Page
Visit the ePodunk Blog
Register for My ePodunk to:

Tell us the pros & cons of Philadelphia
Blog about Philadelphia

More info about Philadelphia:

Send us your corrections and additions

“ In Philadelphia, thousands frightened. More right after this. ”
~ WKRP in Cincinnati, 1978
Les Nessman

Search Health Care Jobs

powered by HospitalJobsOnline.com
Blogs about Philadelphia
News about Philadelphia
College Search

Search Associate's degrees, Bachelor's degrees, Master's degrees, Certificate programs, Diploma programs, and many others.

Enter your ZIP or Postal code to find schools near you. Your dream major may be just around the corner!


text:
Where are you?

We currently partner with Pixeloar Productions and Hallmark Cards to provide the best studio space possible for our clients.

You will find our studio in the Hallmark buildings located at 10 Caribbean Drive, Scoresby. Best to park in the south car park (closest to the Caribbean Gardens, and take the footpath that runs between the warehouse and office building, you'll see the signs from there.

Look forward to seeing you soon!


text:
Home » Escape Games »

Kidzee Thanksgiving 2017 Escape Walkthrough

Kidzee Thanksgiving 2017 Escape

KidzeeOnlineGames - KOG Kidzee Thanksgiving 2017 Escape is another point and click escape game developed by Kidzee Online Games. Assume that one day you have decided to give a great party to your friends for this thanksgiving day. But you didn't have any ingredients. You have to collect those ingredients and make a delightful dishes for your friends. Click on the objects to interact with them and solve simple puzzles. Good luck and have fun!

Play Kidzee Thanksgiving 2017 Escape
If you find any broken link, please report it by using our contact us link.

(RE)HI all ☺

& again KOG isn't on the main page - why? Was lucky to have a look in the other games section

thx for this game, KOG ☺
let's have some fun

saw for sink

hoovered hint for pencils

ah, calendar for 3 colour buttons

half bf number box (pink number), hint seems to be flowers in the pots

had to leave, now back

hammer is used outside, then fix chair

& now my game froze on adjusting the grid buttons - again, as in the last one (it was for sure one of the NSR games) - not restarting, it's the forelast action anyway acc. to VWT - bummer KOG/NSR...

could play w/o freezing til the end - good game!

EG24: put it on the homepage please!

       No Spam!  2/4/24 12:24 PM

Please click and report any spam comment.

Post a Comment

Please read our Commenting Rules before posting your comment!
You can use Rot13 Converter tool for adding and showing spoilers!
Spammers! We use "nofollow", so don't waste your time for spamming! Walkthrough links from YouTube and other sites also are not allowed!

Escape Games 24 is most popular and best escape games site on the web, posting and sharing new escape games for our thousands of visitors every day since 2006 year. We publish daily escape the room games from different developers and sponsors. There are thousands of addicting free escape games in our archive. You can select and play escape games from developers you like and you can skip playing any room escape games from developers you don't like. You can also select and play weekly and monthly most popular escape games from our right sidebar. You can post your comments, hints and walkthroughs to help other users and also you can ask your questions and help requests to get hints from other users. If you don't want to get any help and solve the games yourself, you shouldn't scroll down the comments page for not spoiling your escaping games. Show your escaping skills by playing online escape games everyday. We also publish adventure games, point and click games, hidden object games, puzzle games, and riddle games. Good luck and have fun!


text:
503.888.1143 | 60 SE Main St, Portland, OR 97214
Interior Accessories

Elegance in Interior Design

Lynn Mesher, principal Interior Designer of Essence Interiors, specializes in creating residential & commercial interiors that capture the homeowner's (or business owners) individual personality, and are merged with her distinct vision and taste. Her visual design creations stimulate and resonate, and relax one's senses.

Space Planning

Online Collection of Treasured Eclectic Pieces

Many of the "E" Annex treasures can be purchased through our online store. Antiques, vintage pieces, new modern reproductions, chandeliers, candles, furniture and accessories are all for sale. Items are found from travels, flea markets, and from European and modern manufacturers. Seda France, Nouvelle, DPM and Aquiesse candles are also stocked year round, and are a perfect memento to purchase the memory of the store experience.

Vintage & Antiques

Expertise in Residential Remodel and New Construction

Every clients' needs are unique, as is every project. Lynn's design services range from: new construction, remodeling, space planning, color consultation, kitchen and bath design, custom cabinetry, lighting, drapery and custom fabrications, upholstery, and accessorizing. Whether the style is modern, traditional, European or eclectic, projects are a collaboration of the clients' wants, desires and needs. The design process is one that requires strong communication between designer and customer. Lynn strives to engage her clients to explore their tastes based upon her suggestions. Combining function, budget, style and time; the finalized project personifies the soul of the owner.

“From concept and design, execution to final detail, we were pleased with our experience and would recommend Lynn and Essence to anyone undertaking a home design project.”

“Lynn Mesher is the quintessential designer because she listens to her clients ideas, offers creative suggestions and then she creates a visual palette and the design adventure becomes a reality.“


text:
Time to buy into emerging markets?

by , 2nd July 2018

Emerging market equities had a great 2017 and they still looked relatively cheap at the beginning of this year. That relative cheapness – especially when compared to the US – meant emerging market stocks were close to being a ‘consensus trade’ six months ago. When just about everyone is positive on a stock or sector, that’s often a good time to get nervous and that’s certainly been the case for emerging markets in 2018.

The MSCI Emerging Markets Index is down 18% since its peak in late January and there may be further falls to come. The falls have been triggered by concerns about debt, Trump trade wars, and the rising dollar. Currencies have been a problem for emerging markets in the 90s and before, so it’s understandable that many investors are nervous about any signs of trouble in this area. The worry is that as emerging market currencies fall, the value of corporate debt rises which puts pressure on business and the economy leading to further currency falls. Not great.

Argentina and Turkey are the countries that have provoked the most worry with short term interest rates reaching 40% in Argentina last month as concerns about the Argentine peso heightened. (An IMF bailout of Argentina has now brought rates down somewhat.)

Positive case

However, analysts at Research Affiliates are positive on emerging markets and think prices have fallen too far. The analysts have looked at external debt, foreign exchange reserves and the current account trade and investment balance across emerging market countries, and the overall picture is pretty positive.

Countries that comprise 60% of the value of MSCI Emerging Markets index face ‘little if any risk of a funding crisis’, according to Research Affiliates. These countries include the biggest beasts in emerging markets – China, India and South Korea. Overall, the analysts argue that emerging market economies are much more stable than they were 20 or 30 years ago, and that should reduce the risk of investing in these markets. Granted, emerging markets are still riskier than more developed markets, but that extra level of risk is very well reflected in current emerging market valuations.

Research Affiliates also argues that emerging markets are cheap using a wide range of stock market metrics. These include CAPE (cyclically adjusted price earnings ratio), price-to-book and price-to-sales ratios. The CAPE ratio probably makes the most persuasive case for emerging markets stocks – the US market currently has a CAPE ratio over 30 whilst emerging markets are around 15.

It’s also important to stress that the long-term case for emerging markets investing hasn’t gone away. Economies such as China and India are likely to deliver faster economic growth over the next 20 years compared to the US or Europe, and that will probably be reflected in share prices. The story of China becoming a much more consumer-led economy has a long way to run, and there are plenty of opportunities for ambitious Chinese companies to service the fast-growing Chinese middle class.

How to invest

If you want to invest in emerging markets, ETFs can be a great way to do it. Their big advantage is cheapness. For example, the MSCI Emerging Markets UCITS ETF (XMME) has an ongoing charge of just 0.2% a year which is much cheaper than the leading active emerging market funds. You can find out more about emerging market ETFs in this article.

All Upcoming Events ►

Inside ETFs Europe

Hosted by Inside ETFs on 1st October 2018
London, UK


text:
BlackRock iShares

iShares is an American ETF issuer run by BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager.

Articles Featuring BlackRock iShares

Private Equity ETFs: the place to be for the next recession?

by , 5th September 2018

Private equity keeps growing and growing but it’s a difficult sector to break into if you don’t have a huge amount of money. If you don’t know what private equity […]

The case for emerging markets

by , 2nd September 2018

Emerging market equities have had a pretty dire year and recent events in Turkey as well as Trump’s trade wars with China have done little to help their performance. The […]

Opposition to Aussie “active ETFs” grows louder

by , 31st August 2018

Passive ETF providers grow increasingly impatient with “active ETFs”. Actively managed ETFs are one of the fastest growing corners of the Australian ETF landscape, bringing in new investors and new […]

ETFs can reduce your currency risk

by , 24th August 2018

When you invest in foreign markets, it pays to think about currency volatility. You might invest in a country where its stock market rises 10% over a year, but if […]

Five top UK ETFs

by , 23rd August 2018

UK shares are relatively cheap at the moment. If you want to take advantage, ETFs can be an easy way to get exposure to the UK market. So in this […]


text:
A Very Special Christmas 3 Song List

This album features:

"I Saw Three Ships" by Sting

"Christmastime" by The Smashing Pumpkins

"Children Go Where I Send Thee" by Natalie Merchant

"Santa Baby" by Rev Run & the Christmas All Stars featuring Mase, Puff Daddy, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Salt N'

Pepa, Onyx & Keith Murray

"Oi To The World" by No Doubt

"Blue Christmas" by Sheryl Crow

"Christmas" by Blues Traveler

"Oiche Chiun (Silent Night)" by Enya

"The Christmas Song" by Hootie & The Blowfish

"Ave Maria" by Chris Cornell with Eleven

"Christmas In the City" by Mary J. Blige featuring Angie Martinez

"Santa Claus Is Back In Town" by Jonny Lang

"Christmas Song" by Dave Matthews Band & Tim Reynolds

"Christmas Is Now Drawing Near At Hand" by Steve Winwood

"O Holy Night" by Tracy Chapman

"We Three Kings" by Patti Smith