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Oregon Business Report http://oregonbusinessreport.com Thu, 08 Dec 2016 15:08:16 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7 Columbia Sportswear unveils Star Wars line http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/columbia-sportswear-unveils-star-wars-line/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/columbia-sportswear-unveils-star-wars-line/#respond Thu, 08 Dec 2016 15:08:16 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10739 columbiasportswearstarwarslineColumbia Sportswear Release,

Columbia Sportswear today unveiled three limited-edition, high-performance jackets inspired by Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. The collection represents the first movie merchandise collaboration for Columbia and will be available in very limited quantities on www.columbia.com and Columbia’s retail locations beginning December 9.

The high-performance jackets, featuring Columbia’s industry-leading technologies, take unique design inspiration from three main Rogue One characters: Sergeant Jyn Erso, Captain Cassian Andor, and the Imperial Death Trooper. Each jacket features special design details connected to the character and their allegiance in the film.

The Columbia team worked closely with Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media throughout this collaboration to ensure that the jackets are an authentic representation for discerning Star Wars fans. Constructed with Columbia’s Tested Tough promise and designed with a deep nod to characters in Rogue One and the overall Star Wars franchise, each jacket will stand up to the cold, wet weather of the winter season. Details on each jacket follow:

Jyn Erso Rebel Jacket: Crafted of stretch twill cotton, Sergeant Jyn Erso’s jacket features rugged leather-look details on the sleeves and throughout the garment. The quilted, insulated vest can be worn separately or layered with the jacket to complete your rebel ensemble, and features genuine leather debossed Rebel Alliance patch. The Jyn ErsoTM Rebel Jacket sells for $400.

Captain Cassian Andor Rebel Parka: Built to withstand the harshest conditions, Cassian’s parka features a sherpa lined hood, with detachable faux fur trim detail. Omni-Heat™ Reflective lining reflects body heat back to the wearer, and Omni-Tech™ waterproof breathable fabric keeps you dry and protected. Genuine leather debossed Rebel Alliance patch and premium fabrics pay tribute to this character. The Cassian AndorTM Rebel Parka sells for $500.

Imperial Death Trooper Jacket: Waterproof, breathable and fully seam-sealed, the Imperial Death Trooper Rain Jacket is packed with the same features as Columbia’s award-winning OutDry Extreme Diamond Shell Jacket. Reflective Imperial Army shoulder details showcase allegiance to the Dark Side, along with striking design lines and pop color chest zippers that take inspiration from the Death Trooper’s imposing armor. The Imperial Death TrooperTM Jacket sells for $450.

“We are extremely pleased to announce a first of its kind, outerwear collaboration with Lucasfilm,” said Joe Boyle, Senior VP of Columbia Brand Merchandising and Design. “Star Wars is arguably the most globally recognizable film franchise in the world, and presents us with an unparalleled opportunity to showcase our brand and premier technologies.”

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Economic Anxiety in Oregon http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/economic-anxiety-in-oregon-2/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/economic-anxiety-in-oregon-2/#comments Wed, 07 Dec 2016 13:00:33 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10735 oregon-clipclipBy Josh Lehner
Oregon Office of Economic Analysis Blog.

Economic anxiety, particularly among the white working-class, has been front and center this election cycle. At the least it is one of the two main topics, and for a good (valid) reason. While a lot of our office’s focus in recent months and years has been talking about the improvements in the economy, these largely reflect positive, short-term movements around the longer-term trends of stagnant incomes and fewer middle-wage jobs for a large part of the population. That distinction matters, particularly when it comes to forecasting a biennial budget. However we cannot lose sight of the long-run developments either. Our office has conducted quite a bit of research along these lines in recent years. What follows is an effort to pull them together as some sort of reference for those interested in reading more.

The first place to start when talking about the changing economy and lackluster trends would be our office’s 2013 report: Job Polarization in Oregon. Since it’s publication we have provided short, annual updates, and others have followed with similar reports. See ECONOrthwest’s work focusing on the Portland region from last year or the local level work the Employment Department’s regional economists use in their presentations (see Amy Vander Vliet’s Portland work here, and Guy Tauer’s Rogue Valley work here, for example.)

The problem is not, of course, that we’re seeing a lot of growth in high-wage occupations and industries. That’s actually great for the economy. The problem with job polarization is when a worker loses their middle-wage job and is only able to find a low-wage job to replace it, if they find any job at all. See our recap of the great work Brian Rooney did a few years back on the former RV workers in Lane County to see how this impacts wages and the local economy. To a certain degree, the housing boom last decade was able to mask some of these problems overall for men without college degrees, but that proved rather temporary. And even as the high-tech sector has replaced the forest sector statewide in both jobs and wages, the composition of the workforce and geographic location of the jobs are very different. All that said, the big story when it comes to the job polarization “adjustment” is simply an increase in those not even looking for work. This is seen in our research examining trends among prime working-age Oregon men and Oregon women without college degrees.

Further complicating the issue is that of stagnant or declining wages for the jobs that do remain or are created. Wood products or the forest sector more broadly used to pay a 30-35% wage premium relative to the average industry. However, after adjusting for inflation, wages are actually lower today than back in the 1970s and even early 1980s. And these trends apply to manufacturing overall, at least outside of the tech sector. Manufacturing no longer pays a premium like it used to.

While we generally talk about these trends as they relate to blue-collar, male-dominated occupations and industries, they apply to women as well. The decline in office and administrative support occupations does rival the decline of production (manufacturing) jobs here in Oregon. Women without college degrees have seen middle-wage jobs losses as well and the vast majority of the “adjustment” has been to drop out of the labor force, just like the trends we see with men.

When you combine all of the above you get stagnant household incomes for those in the middle and bottom part of the income distribution. The reason is such households only have wages and the safety net. They do not have capital gains, dividends, rental income and the like that have performed better in recent decades. These trends, of course, are not Oregon-specific and not even US-specific as Branko Milanovic’s Elephant Graph showed the income issues for the working-class of the entire developed world.

Lastly, there is also a large geographic breakdown when it comes to economic performance in recent decades. I would direct you to our office’s Rural Oregon report from last year to start. Included in the report are references to the Timber Belt. More recently, our work has shown that poverty overall has yet to decline outside of the Portland metro area, and broader Willamette Valley. While our office expects to see some improvements provided the current expansion continues, poverty has essentially been rising since the late 1990s. And in parts of the Timber Belt, poverty has been rising since the 1980s.

Diagnosing the problem and researching the issues is the easy part. Actually addressing them and implementing policies is the hard part. Unfortunately, so far there has been no silver bullet. The most common response one hears is educational attainment, and with good reason. However, as we discuss in the original job polarization report (see pg 9, e.g.), four year degrees are not the be-all and end-all of educational attainment either. Other training programs that provide skills to workers are important too. The outlook for middle-wage jobs overall depends on a number of factors. Some are driven more by population and demographics, while others are more business-support related. Wage growth itself, for any occupation, generally relies on full(ish) employment, which the state is now approaching.

While short-term economic trends here in Oregon have all been largely positive in recent years, it is important to keep in mind these longer-run developments. This, of course, should be the case regardless of whether it is an election year or not. And economic anxiety may not even be the primary driver of the outcomes last night. That said, that does not mean these trends and issues are any less relevant. They are real, long-standing and certainly worth our attention.

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Oregon restaurants fight for tip pooling http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/oregon-restaurants-fight-for-tip-pooling/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/oregon-restaurants-fight-for-tip-pooling/#respond Tue, 06 Dec 2016 13:00:13 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10733 Oregon Restaurant & Lodging Association

The Oregon Restaurant & Lodging Association owes a debt of gratitude to our partners at the National Restaurant Association and our friends at Jackson Lewis law firm for working together to cover all costs for a petition of the United States Supreme Court in our case, Oregon Restaurant & Lodging Association v. Perez. If the Supreme Court takes the case, both parties have also agreed to cover all costs associated with necessary deliberation of our position. So, fingers crossed that the U.S. Supreme Court does in fact take the case and grant our petition for rehearing.

If you’re just now getting up to speed, we continue to fight for the rights of our restaurant members to implement mandatory tip pooling policies amongst staff working within the line of service as they see fit. We feel tip pooling amongst staff (not management) to be a right of employers when they are already meeting the full requirements of minimum wage law for all staff they employ.

There are seven states in our country (including Oregon) that do not have a tip credit, meaning all employers in these states are meeting all minimum wage obligations of all staff regardless of tip income being received by employees from customers. In a controversial decision on February 23, 2016 the Ninth Circuit, to the surprise of many, disregarded its own precedent in a previous case ORLA was involved with in Cumbie v. Woodie Woo to hold that the United States Department of Labor (DOL) had lawfully promulgated a rule under Section 203(m) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FSLA) that restricts employers from implementing “tip pooling” arrangements that require employees that are customarily and regularly tipped (such as restaurant servers) to share such tips with their fellow employees who are not customarily or regularly tipped (such as kitchen staff).

On September 6, 2016 our case was denied a rehearing which upheld the February 23 decision. We were however granted a stay of the Ninth Circuit, meaning the government will not enforce the February 23 decision until either the Supreme Court denies our petition for certiorari or the Supreme Court reaches a final resolution on the merits of our case (if it takes the case).

Our lawsuit, Oregon Restaurant & Lodging Association v. Perez, is based on our belief that principles established in previous court cases that established the rights of our members to create tip pools between front of the house and back of the house staff were intentionally supplanted by a federal bureaucracy that didn’t like the decision judges made in our case.

If we look back at where we started on this issue and where we are to date, it has been quite the journey full of crucial questions that must be addressed about what separation of powers look like in the United States of America. Should the U.S. Department of Labor have the right to create a new rule that applies to employers operating in states that are already paying the full obligations of minimum wage outside of tip income and tell those employers how tips can and cannot be dispersed amongst employees within their private business? Should the U.S. Department of Labor be able to circumnavigate clear judicial direction given to us in our district court case allowing tip pooling in our state through a stroke of their rulemaking pen?

We certainly don’t think so. And we hope the U.S. Supreme Court agrees that a closer look at our case is deserving as they make tough decisions about what cases to accept with their limited time. Keep your fingers crossed – it is possible your statewide association in the northwest corner of the country will have its day in court amongst the most highly regarded court in the land.

In the meantime, please review your available tip pooling options here as we await more clarity on tip pooling through the judicial process. | Jason Brandt, President & CEO

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We should dump the garbage tax http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/we-should-dump-the-garbage-tax/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/we-should-dump-the-garbage-tax/#comments Mon, 05 Dec 2016 13:00:52 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10731 Cascade-PolicyBy Allison Coleman
Cascade Policy Institute

Portland-area voters just approved Ballot Measure 26-178, which imposes a five-year property tax that will generate $80 million dollars for Metro to maintain parks owned by the agency.

On the surface, this seems like a wonderful thing; everyone likes parks, and they need to be maintained. However, local residents are already paying a Metro garbage tax of $2.50 per ton, originally intended for this very purpose.

In 2002 the Metro Council enacted a garbage tax to pay for the operating costs of parks. In 2004 the tax was raised from $1.50 per ton to $2.50 per ton. Between 2004 and 2015, this tax brought in $46.8 million dollars for Metro.

In 2006, Metro “undedicated” the tax, meaning it would still be collected but the money would be swept into the general fund for other purposes.

This year, the Metro Council claimed they needed the operating levy to maintain their parks, but they never told voters about the garbage tax.

Metro should do the honorable thing and repeal the garbage tax. Voters may not mind paying for parks, but there is no reason to tax them twice.

Allison Coleman is a Research Associate at Cascade Policy Institute, Oregon’s free market public policy research organization.

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Micro-Unions spread across many industries http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/study-micro-unions-spread-across-many-industries/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/study-micro-unions-spread-across-many-industries/#respond Fri, 02 Dec 2016 13:00:44 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10724 Chamber-of-commerceUS Chamber,

New Report Urges Congress To Override Agency

WASHINGTON, D.C. — A new report released today by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Workforce Freedom Initiative (WFI) shows how, despite assurances given by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), its 2011 decision authorizing “micro-unions” has enabled these fractured bargaining units to spread across numerous industries. Trouble with the Truth: Specialty Healthcare and the Spread of Micro-Unions highlights the NLRB’s disproven claims that the decision would have a narrow impact in a single industry, and urges Congress to reverse the Specialty Healthcare decision.

“The NLRB issued many assurances about the limited impact of their micro-union decision, but those claims have been proven false,” said Glenn Spencer, vice president of WFI. “The public would be well advised to closely scrutinize the Board’s actions as the clock winds down on the Obama administration.”

In its 2011 Specialty Healthcare decision, the NLRB threw out decades of precedent regarding what is an “appropriate” bargaining unit for forming a union. Abandoning the long-established preference for units representing all workers in a class or craft, the NLRB now approves virtually any bargaining unit suggested by a union, including micro-unions. The controversial decision allows unions to cherry pick small groups of workers to organize and get a foothold at a business even if the majority does not support unionization.

When it announced Specialty Healthcare, the NLRB claimed that its decision would only apply to non-acute health care facilities, and did not constitute a broad new legal standard. However, as Trouble with the Truth details, since then the NLRB has used the ruling to authorize micro-unions in a wide variety of industries including retail, manufacturing, rental cars, delivery services, and telecommunications.

“Congress should use every tool available to rein in the NLRB’s ‘micro-union’ overreach, and restore common sense to the National Labor Relations Act,” concluded Spencer.

The Workforce Freedom Initiative is a grassroots mobilization and advocacy campaign to preserve democracy in the American workplace, restrain abusive union pension fund activism, and block the anti-competitive agenda advocated by many labor unions.

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world’s largest business federation representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations.

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Chart: Oregon county job recovery http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/chart-oregon-county-job-recovery/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/12/chart-oregon-county-job-recovery/#respond Thu, 01 Dec 2016 13:00:01 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10713 By Josh Lehner
Oregon Office of Economic Analysis Blog.

Checking in on employment across Oregon’s counties reveals a number of encouraging trends. First, in recent years, job growth has returned to all regions of the state. Every region and every single county has seen some gains from the depths of the Great Recession. That said, the growth has not been evenly distributed of course. Painting with a broad brush shows that urban Oregon has outperformed rural Oregon, even as the latter is now up to 80 percent recovered overall.

Second, the number of counties at all-time highs for employment continues to increase. Technically only 35 individual geographies are available in the data (CES) as the Salem MSA (Marion and Polk counties) is reported as one value.

Below is our office’s county bubble chart which shows how far each individual county fell during the Great Recession on the horizontal axis and then what share of jobs have been regained so far on the vertical axis. It looks like we haven’t shared this graph on the site in two years and wow, what a difference two years can make! (Note: My apologies. For the past 18 months housing and affordability have taken up much of my time, as you can tell. I have neglected much of the nuts and bolts regional work we used to provide. Of course, the Employment Department is always on top of local trends given their invaluable team of regional economists. I am currently updating our regional material and will post more frequently in the future.)

While just 16 areas (17 individual counties) are at historic employment levels, these counties represent 80% of all jobs in Oregon. That is, they include the larger, urban areas plus much of the North Coast and Columbia Gorge regions. If you include Lane County (Eugene) which is now 95% recovered, the total job share jumps to 87% of all job statewide.

For those counties and regions that are fully recovered and are now in expansion mode, the more important questions to be asked are about the quality of the jobs gained and whether or not growth is keeping pace with population and the like.

However, I want to spend a minute on some of the rural counties and regions that have yet to fully recover from the Great Recession and highlight some of their trends. Many of the light blue and orange bubble counties fall into two camps. While cold comfort and of little solace, it should also be noted that much of rural America has experienced clear losses in recent decades when it comes to both jobs and population. The fact that some areas of Oregon are seeing flat employment trends over this time, is both unfortunate that they are not sharing in the gains but also somewhat better than many parts of the nation.

The first group includes counties like Grant, Harney and Malheur which have seen relatively flat or somewhat downward trends since the late 1990s. On the brighter side, Harney and Malheur have seen some solid job growth in the past 18 months but their longer term trends have been less robust. Grant is somewhat similar but the county’s trends have been longer (peak employment was 1992) and has yet to see any real upturn in employment thus far.

I have also included Gilliam in the next graph as the county is somewhat of an outlier, as you can see in the bubble chart. The county has seen flat trends for the past 15 years at around 750 jobs, however during 2007-12 period, employment increased to around 900, only for employment in recent years to return to around 750. I suspect that much of these changes coincided with wind farm construction. As such, the fluctuations are more due to temporary trends rather than the business cycle. If that is true, then the cold calculations used to create the bubble chart misrepresent Gilliam.

The second group of counties have also seen relatively flat employment trends since the late 1990s however they did experience some strong gains during the housing bubble. Employment in the counties shown below, but also include Baker, Lake and Lincoln too, are effectively back to early 2000s levels, but not back to housing boom peaks. These counties I plan on exploring further. How much of the mid-2000s gains were temporary or due to the bubble phenomenon, including stronger population and migration flows? How much of the bust and recovery so far represents fundamental, structural changes in the economy vs. a return to pre-bubble patterns? The economic trends in these counties do differ from the rest of the state and other rural areas and certainly worth learning more. rural0916pt2

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Next business mandate will be employee scheduling http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/next-business-mandate-will-be-employee-scheduling/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/next-business-mandate-will-be-employee-scheduling/#respond Wed, 30 Nov 2016 13:00:40 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10699 nfib-logoBy Oregon NFIB,

The next big issue for small business is on the table, and it’s called “flexible scheduling.”

“It’s going to be a big deal,” Sen. Michael Dembrow (D-Portland) said in The Oregonian. “But we really think that the time to tackle this is now.”

The flexible scheduling legislation would require some employers to give employees scheduling changes ahead of time.

Although the specifics of the mandate, “such as which companies any changes would cover, and how big those employers might be,” are not yet clear, The Oregonian reports, the legislation likely will mirror proposals already passed in cities such as Seattle and San Francisco, where companies with 500 or more employees must give two weeks’ notice on scheduling changes. Companies in Seattle also must give compensation for the adjustments.

So far, opposition to the proposal has been strong. Organizations such as the Oregon Farm Bureau, Oregon Trucking Association, Associated Oregon Industries, Northwest Grocery Association, and the Portland Business Alliance originally had agreed to participate in a work group on the idea earlier this year but walked away at the first meeting.

Also, “a staggering 92 percent of NFIB members in Oregon oppose these costly mandates,” according to NFIB/OR State Director Anthony K. Smith.

“The last thing Oregon employers need right now is yet another mandate from the state,” he said. “Sick time, minimum wage, flexible scheduling—the only way for us to stop these harmful policies is to change the makeup of the legislature. That means getting this election right and sending a pro-small business majority to Salem.”

Sandra McDonough, president and CEO of the Portland Business Alliance, added, “We haven’t seen a specific proposal, but we think that in the long term, some of these rules actually have a negative impact on employees. The reality is that when employees get sick, they should stay home. And when they do, an employer needs the flexibility to call on another employee to take their place.”

Dembrow, however, plans to go forward with the legislation.

“There’s much discussion to be had on exactly what form this legislation will take,” he told the Oregonian. “But it’s definitely going to move ahead.”

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Signs of Oregon’s big Gig economy http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/signs-of-oregons-big-gig-economy/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/signs-of-oregons-big-gig-economy/#respond Tue, 29 Nov 2016 13:00:28 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10707 osba-foundation-logoBy Oregon Small Business Foundation,

By now, millions of Americans have hitched a ride on Uber, stayed overnight in an Airbnb, funded a Kickstarter project, or hired someone on TaskRabbit to do the odd job. Last New Year’s Eve, more than 20,000 Portlanders used Uber’s ridesharing service.

By now, millions of Americans are driving for Uber, renting out their homes on Airbnb, developing a Kickstarter project, or picked up the odd job on TaskRabbit. The City of Portland has close to 5,000 Uber drivers.

For many budding entrepreneurs, the “gig economy” helps pay the bills while they are building their startups. Uber reports that more than 200 Portland entrepreneurs drive for the ridesharing service in addition to running their small businesses.

Recent research published by the National Bureau of Economic Research finds that the sharing/gig/whatever economy is growing and workers like it. Since 1995, workers in such arrangements have grown from 10 percent of those employed to 15.8 percent. That’s a 50 percent increase.

The table below shows that workers in the gig economy like their gigs.

• An overwhelming majority—84 percent—of independent contractors prefer to work for themselves. Thus, government efforts to reclassify independent contractors as employees runs counter to the workers own interests.

• Less than half of on-call workers would prefer a job with regularly scheduled hours. This indicate that so-called “scheduling certainty” laws are hurting the very workers the promoter claim to be helping.

The gig economy is growing and the gigs are getting better. The only way it could get worse is if politicians think the future lies in 20th century ideas of having a job just like Grandpa had.

* The dictionary defines a gig as an entertainer’s engagement. So, technically, giving speeches is part of the gig economy—even if you bring in $22 million in speaking fees.

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Seattle #1, PDX 6th in nation for new high rises http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/seattle-1-pdx-6th-in-nation-for-new-high-rises/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/seattle-1-pdx-6th-in-nation-for-new-high-rises/#respond Mon, 28 Nov 2016 13:00:20 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10727 chartcrnsBy Oregon Small Business Foundation,

If you want to know how the construction business is doing in your city – just look up. Look for the construction cranes. This year Seattle topped the list nationwide, with 58 construction cranes, 18 more than Los Angeles, more than New York and San Francisco combined, and twice as many as Chicago, Washington, D.C., or Portland. Portland, at 22 cranes, is one of the top cities for mid and high rise construction.

Seattle has 16 more cranes than in 2015, and the cranes are also in demand in surrounding cities, with 20 cranes on the east side. Some of the cranes are so close together that adjacent operators have to coordinate movements to avoid hitting each other.

All this construction means an eight month weight to get a crane in Seattle, about twice as long as normal. The cranes, which cost $15,000 to $55,000 a month, must be sent back to the supplier after each job for testing.
Most of the projects requiring construction cranes are apartments or condominiums, but there are also a few office projects and hotels. A crane could be required for buildings as low as seven stories, and some buildings require more than one crane.

Top Ten Crane Cities in the U.S. Summer 2016

1. Seattle – 58
2. Los Angeles – 40
3. Washington, D.C. – 29
4. New York – 28
5. Chicago – 26
6. San Francisco – 24
7. Portland – 22
8. Denver – 21
9. Boston – 14
10. Honolulu – 13

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Oregon job growth nearly double U.S. average! http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/oregon-job-growth-nearly-double-u-s-average/ http://oregonbusinessreport.com/2016/11/oregon-job-growth-nearly-double-u-s-average/#respond Wed, 23 Nov 2016 13:00:47 +0000 http://oregonbusinessreport.com/?p=10705 jobsOregon Continues Strong Job Growth in October
By Oregon Employment Department

Oregon added 6,100 nonfarm payroll jobs in October, continuing a trend of strong job growth. Since October 2015, Oregon added 55,400 jobs, which was a gain of 3.1 percent. This growth rate is nearly double the national job growth rate of 1.7 percent over that period. Oregon’s September nonfarm payrolls were revised upward by 1,900 jobs to a new reading of a gain of 4,300 jobs.

In October, Oregon gains were led by two industries which each added 1,800 jobs: construction and health care and social assistance. Next in line were leisure and hospitality, which added 1,000 jobs; government, which also added 1,000; and retail trade, which added 900. Only one major industry declined substantially in October, as professional and business services dropped by 1,200 jobs.

Job growth was widespread among the major industries over the past year, with none declining. Leading the way were three industries that expanded by more than 4 percent: construction (+5,900 jobs, or 6.9%); other services (+3,300 jobs, or 5.3%); and health care and social assistance (+10,300 jobs, or 4.6%). Other industries with above-average growth over the past year were information (+1,300 jobs, or 4.0%); government (+10,400 jobs, or 3.4%); professional and business services (+8,000, or 3.4%); and leisure and hospitality (+6,600 jobs, or 3.4%).

In October, Oregon’s unemployment rate was 5.3 percent, essentially unchanged from 5.5 percent in September. The unemployment rate was close to its year-ago figure of 5.6 percent in October 2015.

Oregon’s labor force continued to grow in October, bringing the labor force participation rate up to 63.3 percent, from 61.3 percent in October 2015. Oregon’s labor force participation rate—which represents the share of the population that is employed or unemployed—has increased since May 2015 as the job market has improved because of Oregon’s strong growth.

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I might have to think about renaming this dessert. It doesn’t sound very appetizing, does it? The ease and yumminess make up for the name though.

This is all you need:

1 large can crushed pinapple

1 large can cherry pie filling

1 box yellow cake mix (keep dry)

1 cup butter

1 cup coconut

1 cup nuts

In an ungreased 9 x 13″ pan, layer each ingredient in order.

Don’t mix the ingredients together, just dump them on top of each other (hence, the name).

I only add nuts and coconut to half the cake because I have some picky eaters.

Bake at 350 degrees for 1 hour.

You can top with cool whip or ice cream, but I didn’t have either. I always have the ingredients for dump cake though.

My family loves it. We ate the whole cake last night.

I’m linking to:

Show and Tell at Blue Cricket Design
Recipe Link Up at I Heart Naptime
Recipe Link at Remodelaholic

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{ 7 comments… read them below or add one }

leah November 15, 2010 at 12:00 pm

My grandma used to make this same cake. It is good!

somedaycrafts November 15, 2010 at 4:14 pm

I LOVE Dump cake. I’ve never had a name for it until right now! so yummy!

Julie @ Michael Creations November 15, 2010 at 5:02 pm

That looks AMAZING! I will absolutely have to try it…nothing is better than a delicious and super easy dessert recipe! Thanks for sharing!

carrie garvin November 16, 2010 at 10:25 am

Sounds fabulous! Since I’m allergic to pineapple- I’m wondering what I could sub for this ingredient???

jamie November 16, 2010 at 7:30 pm

we do a pumpkin dump cake.

now i bought the ingredients to try yours. i’m always excited for dairy and egg free recipes my boys can have. thanks! :)

Rae December 9, 2012 at 5:01 pm

I make this all the time. I don’t use the pineapple…instead I use one can apple and one can cherry. I also skip the nuts. Great with vanilla ice cream on top.

Susan February 3, 2013 at 8:50 am

I just made this, but I substituted mini chocolate chips for the nuts.

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The Open UniversitySkip to content

Slitting and Contour Method Residual Stress Measurements in an Edge Welded Beam

Hosseinzadh, Foroogh; Toparli, Muhammed Burak and Bouchard, Peter John (2012). Slitting and Contour Method Residual Stress Measurements in an Edge Welded Beam. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 134(1) 011402-1-011402-6.

DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Link:
Google Scholar: Look up in Google Scholar

Welding is known to introduce complex three-dimensional residual stresses of substantial magnitude into pressure vessels and pipe-work. For safety-critical components, where welded joints are not stress-relieved, it can be of vital importance to quantify the residual stress field with high certainty in order to perform a reliable structural integrity assessment. Finite element modeling approaches are being increasingly employed by engineers to predict welding residual stresses. However, such predictions are challenging owing to the innate complexity of the welding process (Hurrell et al., Development of Weld Modelling Guidelines in the UK, Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, July 26–30, 2009, pp. 481–489). The idea of creating weld residual stress benchmarks against which the performance of weld modeling procedures and practitioners can be evaluated is gaining increasing acceptance. A stainless steel beam 50 mm deep by 10 mm wide, autogenously welded along the 10 mm edge, is a candidate residual stress simulation benchmark specimen that has been studied analytically and for which neutron and synchrotron diffraction residual stress measurements are available. The current research was initiated to provide additional experimental residual stress data for the edge-welded beam by applying, in tandem, the slitting and contour residual stress measurement methods. The contour and slitting results were found to be in excellent agreement with each other and correlated closely with published neutron and synchrotron residual stress measurements when differences in gauge volume and shape were accounted for.

Item Type: Journal Article
Copyright Holders: 2012 ASME
ISSN: 0094-9930
Project Funding Details:
Funded Project NameProject IDFunding Body
Not SetNot SetRoyal Society Industry Fellowship
Keywords: weldment; residual stress; slitting method; contour method
Academic Unit/Department: Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Engineering and Innovation
Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Item ID: 31063
Depositing User: Anne Green
Date Deposited: 18 Jan 2012 09:25
Last Modified: 04 Oct 2016 11:11
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[Top] [All Lists]

Re: coverage

To: Andrew Morton <andrewm@xxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: Re: coverage
From: Donald Becker <becker@xxxxxxxxx>
Date: Mon, 3 Apr 2000 07:59:05 -0400 (EDT)
Cc: kuznet@xxxxxxxxxxxxx, netdev@xxxxxxxxxxx
In-reply-to: <38E8695B.E99D0D6A@xxxxxxxxxx>
Sender: owner-netdev@xxxxxxxxxxx
On Mon, 3 Apr 2000, Andrew Morton wrote:
> kuznet@xxxxxxxxxxxxx wrote:
> >
> > It is easy. "ping -f" does not create any real load on the network,
> > it is pure latency test, when there is always only one packet in flight.
> I use 'ping -l 100000'
>      -l preload

And, as you found out, most of the preloaded packets are discarded, at least
with most versions of 'ping' and the kernel.  The discard is done by the
queue layer, before the device driver gets to see the packets.

> > >   - Tx stuck, invoke tx_timeout
> >
> > I think any man working with network has in his table some broken hub,
> > which generates only collisions. 8) Mmm... what will occur if to plug
> > crossed pair to two hub slots? Will it simulate broken hub then?
> > (I did not advise you to do this! 8))

This won't accomplish what you expect.
Most chips won't transmit on twisted pair without having link beat,
producing a different type of error.

Coax transceivers always get a collision when no cable is connected,
resulting in a 16 collision error, not a Tx timeout.  You can sometimes
simulate the same effect on 10baseT with a mispaired cable, although not
with 100baseTx.

Donald Becker
Scyld Computing Corporation, becker@xxxxxxxxx

<Prev in Thread] Current Thread [Next in Thread>


text:
A Technical History of Apple's Operating Systems

The very first chapter I wrote for Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach was the “history” chapter. My goal was to create a comprehensive and detailed book. I deemed it important for the reader to understand the long and eventful journey toward Mac OS X. Therefore, I wrote the chapter as a technical history that discussed all operating systems that Apple shipped, including several systems and technologies that were strong influences on Apple.

The manuscript grew large enough that I had to leave out certain material from the printed book. In particular, I shrunk the history chapter drastically, which leaves the original “director’s cut” version as yet unpublished. I have decided to release it as a freely downloadable PDF document. As you will see, it is the most substantial single document I have ever released on either osxbook.com or kernelthread.com.

Please go here to download the document:

A Technical History of Apple’s Operating Systems

I hope you enjoy reading this document and the book. Just as this document provides a super-detailed history of Apple’s operating systems, the book itself is super-detailed on the internals of modern day Mac OS X. It is not at all a book about using Mac OS Xâ€”it is about the system’s design and implementation. Therefore, I expect it to appeal to all operating system enthusiasts and students.

Comments are closed.

All contents of this site, unless otherwise noted, are ©1994-2014 Amit Singh. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Monday, 27 May 2013

DIY Natural, Herbal Dewormers for Dogs and Cats

In this article:

  1. How to keep your dog’s or cat’s immune system strong - a strong immune system is your companion animal’s natural defense against parasites;
  2. Foods to include in your dog’s or cat’s diet to support worming;
  3. DIY natural, herbal, homeopathic dewormers.
Conventional dewormers use chemcial-based pesticides that contain toxins and carcinogens. By using natural, herbal, homeopathic dewormers you can reduce your dog's and cat's toxic load, exposure to carcinogens and support their overall health. In some cases of extreme parasite infestation use of pesticide-based treatment may be required - but as soon as the treatment is completed, you can follow the protocol provided below to prevent re-infestation and re-use of pesticide-based wormers.

1.0  How to keep your Dog’s, Cat’s Immune
       System Strong

A healthy body is not attractive to parasites – so the key to preventing repeated infestations of intestinal worms is to support the overall health of your companion animal by taking a comprehensive approach…

Signs that your Dog or Cat Might Have an Infestation of Intestinal Parasites

  • Diarrhea;
  • Vomitting;
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances;
  • Weight loss;
  • Eating a lot of food without putting on weight;
  • Anemia (deficiency of red blood cells in the circulatory system);
  • Scudding, scooting;
  • Mild to severe coughing;
  • Scratching – particularly at the base of the tail.

Dogs and cats do get some of the same parasites that we humans are prone to getting, including…

  • Round Worm (common round worm – Ascaris);
  • Hookworm;
  • Tapeworm;
  • Strongyloides – a type of round worm also known as Threadworm, Pinworm, Seatworm, etc.;
  • Trichinella  - a type of round worm that causes (trichinellosisor trichinosis).

2.0  Foods to Include in Your Dog’s or
       Cat’s Diet to Support Deworming

If your dog or cat does not have an infestation of worms and you are simply deworming your dog or cat once or twice a year as a routine healthcare maintenance program – blockage due to passing worms should not be an issue.

If, however you have never dewormed your dog or cat and/or you know that he/she has an infestation of worms it is very important to pay additional care to ensuring that your dog, cat has enough fibre and moisture in their system during the deworming period.

Add Beneficial Fluids to the Diet during the Deworming Period

Parsley Water or Rooibos Tea

If your dog or cat has liver problems, kidney or gall bladder problems or is pregnant or lactating do not use parsley water. Parsley is high in oxalates and can cause issues for dogs or cats with renal issues. For dog and cats with renal issues use Rooibos Tea (it is an herb and has zero tannin) instead of parsley water. Read about the health benefits and dosage for Rooibos Tea here.

Add parsley water to your dog’s or cat’s food during deworming treatment.  Parsley is rich in many nutrients; it is also a diuretic – helpful to keep systems working well during deworming.  The recipe for parsley water is provided below.
  • Parsley is an excellent immune system booster...
    Parsley’s volatile oils have been shown to inhibit tumor formation;
  • Parsley is:
    • Rich in antioxidants;
    • Rich in Vitamin A and C, both help to fight disease, Vitamin C is also an anti-inflammatory (important is intestinal walls can be inflamed from parasites adhering to the intestinal wall);
  • Parsley supports cardiovascular health;
  • Parsley helps the body eliminate toxins.
Parsley Water
Boil 1 quart of water;
Add one bunch of fresh parsley (curly parsley, Italian flat leaf parsley, etc.) to the boiling water;
Allow to simmer for 3 minutes;
Remove from heat and allow to cool;
Remove the parsley and discard it;
Pour the liquid into a glass jar and store in the refrigerator.
1 tbsp parsley water (for every 10 lbs of body weight) once a day for 10 days.

Add Beneficial Foods Your Dog’s, Cat’s Daily Diet During Deworming

When treating your dog or cat for worms it is important to include foods in their diet which will:
  • Help with the expulsion of the parasite (foods ‘scrub’ the weakened worms out of the digestive tract);
  • Boost the immune system;
  • Sooth inflamed intestinal walls;
  • Help to kill parasites and prevent re-infestation...
Add to each meal one of the following (fresh, grated or finely chopped – organic is best) to help cleanse the digestive tract and scrub parasites away in combination with using a dewormer…
  • Carrots ½ tbs to 2 tbs a day, or;
  • Beets ½ tbs to 2 tbs a day, or;
  • Turnip  ½ tbs to 2 tbs a day.
Foods that Help to Kill the Parasites and Prevent Re-infestations

Add the following foods to help kill the parasites and prevent re-infestations...

Garlic – dosage, benefits, cautions as provided here.
 Papaya – fresh finely chopped/crushed, or in powder form (in which case dosage would be as per manufacturers’ instructions);
  • The enzymes in papaya aid digestion and help to irritate and destroy worms from their exterior;
  • 1 tsp to 1 tbs of depending on the size of the dog.
Turmeric - naturally contains four anti-parasitic compounds which when present collectively have strong worm-killing properties. Turmeric is also an anti-inflammatory so can help in reducing the inflammation of the intestine walls caused by the worms – dosage for turmeric and health benefits provided here.

Wheat Germ Oil or Pumpkin Seed Oil – ¼ to 1 tsp (amount depends on the size of the dog).

Yogurt or Kefir – Plain, natural yogurt and kefir, no additives, sweeteners - are rich in beneficial probiotics (microorganisms) that help to keep disease causing microorganisms at bay while replenishing the intestinal tract with friendly flora – health benefits and dosage provided here.

You can also add…

Diatomaceous Earth (DE) – add food grade Diatomaceous Earth once a day. DM irritates the external surface of the worms, thereby causing the worm to lose hold on the intestinal lining so that they can be pushed out.  Read more about DE and dosage further below.

If you find that your dog or cat enjoys the inclusion of beets, carrots, garlic, lemon, papaya, pumpkin seeds, turmeric, yogurt  in their diet you can continue to give these fresh food stuffs on a daily basis as all have multiple health benefits.  My ten dogs get these food stuffs on a daily year-round basis.

3.0 Choose a Dewormer
  • Diatomaceous Earth (DE), food grade;
  • Garlic;
  • Grapefruit Seed;
  • Pumpkin (Pepitas) Seed;
  • Cloves;
  • Cloves and Goldenseal;
  • Black Walnut Hull.
Note, deworming regimens usually require about 10 days…

Diatomaceous Earth (DE), Food Grade
For the treatment, prevention of multiple types of worms
in dogs and cats

DE can be given to dogs and cats of all ages. DE is a white powder made from crushing and grinding fossilized marine life (diatoms, a type of algae), which results in a fine abrasive powder that is non-toxic to dogs, cats and humans. When the powder comes into contact with parasites, DE’s microscopic, razor-like edges abrade the parasites exterior – DE also dehydrates the parasite.
  • DE rids the body of:
  • Parasites such as lice, ticks, fleas, mites and worms (not heartworm though);
  • Harmful bacteria and some viruses;
  • Methyl Mercury;
  • E. coli;
  • Organophosphate pesticide residues;
  • Drug residues.
DE does have a dehydrating effect, so make sure to add Parsley Water or Rooibos Tea as described in ‘Part 2.0’ above and ensure your companion animal always has access to plenty of fresh water.

Dosage for DE
  • Kittens ½ tsp
  • Cats – 1 tsp
  • Small Dogs – ½ tsp
  • Medium Dogs (under 50 lbs) – 2 tsp
  • Large Dogs (50 to 100 lbs) – 1 tbs

Garlic (Allium sativum)
For the treatment, prevention of multiple types of worms and giardia in dogs

  • Garlic is an effective immune system booster and is also effective in preventing and treating an infestation of intestinal worms;
  • Garlic has also been shown to be beneficial in preventing and treating the parasite Giardia.
  • In 2008, a scientific study was done in which Garlic was tested against Ivermectin;
  • Garlic is also an effective inhibiter against Giardia.
To see all of the health benefits of garlic for your dog – read here.

How to Include Garlic in Your Dog’s Diet
  • You can decide to give your dog garlic just during the deworming period, or;
  • You can add garlic to your his/her diet on a daily basis;
    •  I give my dogs fresh garlic - I chop the garlic, let it sit for 15 minutes and then mix-it into their homemade food.
  • Chop, mince, crush or press the garlic and allow it to sit at room temperature for 10 to 15 minutes before giving the garlic to your dog or cat;
  • This gives the allinn and alliinase sufficient time to undergo the enzymic reaction that creates allicin.
Recommended Daily Dosage for Dogs
  • 1 clove fresh garlic (or 1 tsp minced/finely chopped) per every 30 lbs of body weight per day.

How to Include Garlic in Your Cat’s Diet
Cats are more sensitive to anemia induced by garlic than dogs. The safe dosage of garlic for cat's is not the same as the dosage for dogs. Dogs can have garlic in the right dosage on a daily basis, cats can only have garlic 2 to 3 times a week. For this reason garlic cannot be used as a dewormer for cats (as they cannot safely ingest enough garlic to be an effective de-wormer. However cats can benefit from the healthful properties of garlic.
The safe dosage for cats (for general health, not for deworming) is a slice of a garlic clove added to food 2 to 3 times a week.

Interactions, Cautions
  • If your dog is on a blood thinner:
    • Consult your veterinarian before giving your dog garlic.
    • Garlic can slow down blood clotting -  garlic may increase the efficacy of the blood thinner warfarin;
    • The dosage of the blood thinner would need to be adjusted for intake of garlic.

Grapefruit Seed – Pulverized Seed or Extract
For treatment of various types of worms in dogs and cats

The benefits of Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE) were first noted in 1972 by physicist Dr. Jacob Harich who observed its broad spectrum use as an antibacterial and antiviral remedy. You can read more about Dr. Jacob Harich and the history of GSE here.

Grapefruit seeds contain active ingredients that are anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and more. Grapefruit seed extract is known to be excellent for treating internal diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, it is used topically to treat and remedy skin diseases, external injuries and fungal infections.
  • University of Georgia researchers found that GSE is an effective antiviral, antifungal and anti-parasitic agent for fighting many viral and bacterial infections, including E. coli;
  • Additional findings have proven that GSE is a highly effective treatment for:
  • 800 bacterial and viral strains;
  • 100 strains of fungi, and;
  • A multitude of single and multi-celled parasites.
GSE is also an immune system booster. It contains:
  • Hesperidin (a bioflavonoid), well known for its potent immune system benefits;
  • Vitamin C, Citric  Acid, sterols and multiple additional antioxidants that aid the immune system’s ability to battle infections.
For additional health benefits, cautions and interactions here..
Grapefruit Seed Can be Administered Two Ways for Deworming
  • Pulverized seeds can be used as an ingested treatment sprinkled on top of food;
  • Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) drops can be mixed into the food.

Liquid GSE:
  • Minimum dosage - 0.5 drops per every kg (per every 2.2 lbs) of body weight;
  • Maximum dosage - 10 to 15 drops per every 10 lbs of body weight 3 times a day;
Pulverized GSE:
  • 8 mg per every kg (per every 2.2 lbs) of body weight.

Pumpkin (Pepitas) Seed or Oil
Treatment and preventative for hookworms and tape worms in dogs and cats

Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil provide:
  • Antimicrobial support;
  • Antioxidant support;
  • Nutrient support;
  • Are an anti-carcinogen, and;
  • A dewormer.
Use raw pumpkin seeds - certified organic raw is best.

  • Grind the pumpkin seeds to a fine powder (you can use a mortar and pestle, a coffee grinder, a food processor, etc.);
  • Add the ground pumpkin seeds to your dog’s food once a day for two weeks.
  • As pumpkin seeds are completely non-toxic to dog’s and have many health benefits, i.e.
  • Are a good source of zinc, vitamin A and are high in protein;
  • You can also choose to add them to your dog’s diet on a regular, daily basis;
    • My dog’s get finely ground pumpkin seeds sprinkled on their food daily.
    • For more information on the benefits of pumpkin seeds you can read here.
  • 1/4 teaspoon for every 10 lbs of body weight, in combination with;
  • 1/4 teaspoon of pumpkin seed oil (or wheat germ oil) for every 10 lbs of body weight.

For treatment, prevention of multiple types of worms, for dogs

Cloves have many health benefits and have been used for both their medicinal and culinary properties by humans dating back 2000 years.  Their benefit in the fight against internal parasites is two-fold…
  • Cloves contain a compound that increases the white blood cell count which boosts your dog’s immune system – a healthy dog is not a good host for a parasite infestation;
  • Cloves contain potent antibacterial properties and anti-parasitic properties.
As cloves are potent they should not form part of a dog’s regular year-around daily diet. The use of cloves should be restricted to a several week period once or twice a year.
  • Small dogs – use ¼ of a whole dry clove, crushed and mixed into food once a day for a week, then skip a week and repeat dosage one more time.
  • Medium size dogs - use ½ of a whole dry clove, crushed and mixed into food once a day for a week, then skip a week and repeat dosage one more time.
  • Large size dogs - use 1 whole dry clove, crushed and mixed into food once a day for a week, then skip a week and repeat dosage one more time.
Use certified organic if at all possible.

Cautions – do not use whole dry or fresh cloves, ground, powdered cloves, clove oil on pregnant dogs as clove is a uterine stimulant

Cloves plus Goldenseal (Orangeroot, Yellow puccoon)

Treatment, prevention of multiple types of worms, giardia and liver fluke in dogs only

Goldenseal is an antimicrobial agent and digestive aid that enhances the medicinal qualities of herbs that it is blended with. Goldenseal contains berberine, a compound that works against parasites such as giardia, liver fluke and pinworms.

Preparation and Dosage:
  • Cloves – as noted above under ‘Cloves’
  • Goldenseal dosage as noted in table below under - blend the appropriate amount of cloves and golden seal and mix into food.
Dog’s Weight
Maximum Dosage of Golden Seal per day
1-10 lbs
a small pinch
less than 1/4 cup, 1-3 times/day
1/2 capsule, 1-3 times/day
1-3 drops, 2-3 times/day
10-20 lbs
a bigger pinch about
1/4 cup, 1-3 times/day
1/2-1 capsule/tablet, 1-3 times/day
3-5 drops, 2-3 times/day
20-50 lbs
2 pinches-1 teaspoon
1/4-1/2 cup, 1-3 times/day
1-2 capsules/tablets, 2-3 times/day
5-10 drops, 2-3 times/day
50-100 lbs
2 pinches-2 teaspoons
1/2-1 cup, 1-3 times/day
1-2 capsules/tablets, 3-4 times/day
20 drops, 2-3 times/day
Over 100 lbs,
up to 1 tablespoon
up to 1 cup 3 times/day
adult human dose
adult human dose

Black Walnut Hull (Juglans nigra)
For treatment of tapeworms and other intestinal worms in dogs only

Black walnut hull:
  • Must be used with caution as they have high levels of tannin and alkaloids.
  • Is not to be used as a regular supplement to daily diet – it is only to be used infrequently as need to de-worm and must be used within the prescribed dosage.
  • Black Walnut Tincture - Treat dog daily but start out with 1 drop per day then increase drops per day to the maximum amount per body weight;
  • Do not use of a prolonged period of time – use for no more than 2 or 3 weeks at a time.
  • Tincture form (regular strength, do not use extra strength) - 1 drop for every 10 pounds of body weight.
  • Capsule form:
    • ¼ of a 500mg capsule for dogs 5 to 25 pounds;
    • ½ capsule for dogs 25 lbs and up.

Holistic Support

Additional Assistance - Holistic Health and Wellness Service
If you require additional support, and guidance - contact me to discuss your requirements. I will determine the appropriate course of action for your situation and I will let you know the applicable fees. I offer consultative services to clients around the world...
Diet, Nutrition Wellness Services
  • Unbiased Diet, Nutrition, Product Advice - information and payment here >>.
  • Holistic Diet, Nutrition Wellness Plans - information and payment here >>.
Dog Obedience Training and Behavior Modification Services
  • In-Person sessions - information and payment here >>.
  • On-Line consultation and sessions - information and payment here >

  1. Hi, if I use the pumpkin seeds I dont need to use the oil as well do I?

  2. LOVE your page and all the great natural advice I found. Our dogs are on a "raw" foods only diet, and oldest for his health after being poisoned. At 14 he acts as though he's still a pup! Thanks for all the tips on deworming!! Great to see someone with a sense of the psychology of the "parent" and animal....LOLOL........our's are both rescue dogs that came with issues, we love them and have worked hard to earn that love and respect back! Thanks again.

  3. how much grinded pumpkin seed for a cat? you gave amounts for dogs. My cat is about 12 pounds. Thanking you kindly.....

    1. The dosage provided int he article above is by body weight for either dogs or cats - I will repeat it here for you...

      1/4 teaspoon for every 10 lbs of body weight, in combination with;

      1/4 teaspoon of pumpkin seed oil (or wheat germ oil) for every 10 lbs of body weight.

      Cheers, Karen

  4. I have 9 beautiful Boxer/Collie pups who are 4 weeks old. Would you recommend the pumpkin seeds dewormer for a first time wormer?

  5. Great site!!! Thank you for all the great information.

  6. Hi, can you give GFS or pumpkin seed to kittens?

  7. My kitten is 10 weeks old and I just saw visible, live worms in her feces. What is the safest and most effective treatment for her? and would you suggest treating the mother cat and my dog just to be safe?

    1. Use finely ground pumpkin seeds + pumpkin oil and some finely minced fresh ginger (dosage for ginger can be found on my article on ginger)

      Yes you should treat mother and dog

  8. Super article, tonnes of good information. Thank you!

    I was surprised Coconut oil was not included in this list of "anti" foodssince it is anti-fungal,parasitic, bacterial & viral.

    My dogs love their Coco-Nutty Oil, noting when it comes out of the cupboard, LOL. They pirouette for the oil.

    Also, I wondered if the GSE or grapefruit seeds could have contradictions in treatment,as people on blood thinners (heart meds) are told to avoid grapefruit.

    1. Hi JB,

      Coconut oil proper daily dosage and full range of health benefits here I would not rely on coconut oil on its own to provide full deworming.

      GSE has many interactions and should not be used when certain health conditions are present - go to the link provided under the section on GSE above or here

  9. Is it OK to do more than one of these preventative treatments? For example. Can I do DE and pumpkin oil for an older puppy under one year?

  10. Thank you so much for the insight, extremely useful information, and easy-to-read format. I'll probably go the "conventional" treatment route this time (me and the kitty share a small space and I just can't imagine 10 more days with the tapeworms), but I will DEFINITELY use the info you've provided for prevention purposes. This is my 1st time living with a feline. It's quite different from a canine, so I'm learning and adjusting. This site has been a HUGE help. Thanks, again!
    - Mo in GA

  11. Dear Karen!

    Thank You tons for this page! However I just wanted to ask You to clarify, which of the recommended treatments would be safe for my pregnant Pomeranian (she is 4 weeks pregnant), that unfortunately seems to have warms and flees I don't want her to pass them on to her pups! Will be looking forward to hearing form You!

    1. For that you would require a consultation - the fact that she has both fleas and worms points to issues with her diet - which also means that she will continue to get infested unless this is addressed properly.

    2. Dear Karen!

      Her diet has not changed - she is 6 years old and I'm feeding her as usual - grains (rise, oats)+fresh or steamed organic vegetables+yogurt or cottage cheese+ 2 oz/per day dry dog food. I'm guessing that she might have worms, cause I have only dewormed her once about 2 years ago as a precaution, using vet pharmacy medicines. I just wanted to do it again just to be sure. Fleas unfortunately she has - I washed her with natural flee-repellent shampoo a week ago, but yesterday I found a living flee on her. I have ordered DE after reading you article, but just wanted to clarify which other of the recommended products she can use while she's pregnant? We live in a multistory house - there are many dogs and it is a common problem to get fleas in autumn, as they hide in communal area from cold. Please help us with your advice!

    3. As noted above - she has fleas because her diet contains inappropriate items which make her blood acidic - which makes her attractive to fleas and other parasites.

  12. Cats can be difficult when trying to administer worm medication. Can one of your above solutions be baked into a homemade cat treat and still be effective?

    1. No, baking destroys the active properties that make the items effective.

  13. I LOVE this site! I have an 11 Y/O Chihuahua that weighs 5 lbs. He has trachea trouble every few months and is allergic to fleas. No smoking is allowed in my home,no scented candles and so on. I did take him off heartworm pills 2 years ago..that took care of the worms. I don't believe he has worms at this time...but what would you suggest I give just in case? Just the pumpkin seeds or oil? Or a combination of what? Thanks so much in advance!

    1. You can use the seeds or the oil as part of his daily long-term diet to discourage parasites. The efficacy of either to prevent worms depends on the health of his overall diet.

  14. This web site is GREAT!! Thank you for all the great advice!

    Question: you provide a great list of dewormers, but I did not see anything to help against heart worms. Unless I missed it!?

    Thank you!! And keep up the good work! :)

    1. In order to avoid an infestation of heart worm via natural means a dog must be on a properly designed diet, and for that I offer holistic diet nutrition wellness plans.

  15. where would I find the food grade DE?

  16. Hi. What kind of pumpkin seed oil? I have refined virgin oil. I realise unrefined would be better. But is what I have still OK to use and beneficial to dogs? Thanks.

    1. Unrefined is best, but yes you can use the one you have

    2. Thanks for responding.

  17. Are pumpkin seeds safe for cats as a deworming aid? What else is good? I'm really hesitant about using the stuff from the vet. Thanks in advance

    1. Pumpkin seeds are safe for cats as a worm deterrent and deworming aid, and should be used in combination with an appropriate diet. The veterinarian prescribed dewormers are potent pesticides containing toxins and carcinogens. If you require additional help it is available via my consultation services.

  18. Your pack is so cute. I have a little pom that I love, he's so cute and fun. I love reading your tips for natural alternatives.

  19. hello. thank you for your post. i've been taking care of feral cats and they, without surprise, have a host of problems. one cat in particular has been vomiting round worms. when you suggest choosing a dewormer, are you recommending the use of one or can a combination of two or even more be ok? i was thinking of using both DE and grapefruit seed extract in the cats food to attack both the fleas and the round worms. also, should i sprinkle DE all around the yard? thank you for your time and advice!

  20. Hi Karen,

    I've been following the pumpkin seed deworm treatment for two weeks as of today for my 4-year-old dog with tapeworms. There is no sign that the infestation is going away. Live tapeworms in stool. I am frustrated, knowing that the dog is still suffering the infestation. Any advice? Thank you.

    1. Pumpkin seeds alone will not rid your dog of tapeworms - a consultation on deworming is recommended to resolve this.

  21. Hi Karen,

    My year and a half old, 35 pound dog has been constipated on and off the last three weeks. Recently I noticed worms in his stool. He is eating a species appropriate raw diet. I am planning to give him:

    papaya seed powder
    tumeric tincture
    food grade DE
    grapefruit seed tincture
    ground pumpkin seeds
    crushed cloves
    goldenseal tincture

    Is it ok to do this all together and can I give it for longer than the 10 days to make sure I can get out as much as possible?

    Also, to help with/prevent reinfestation, how often can I give these again? I was not perfect in picking up his poop before, and I know that worms can live a long time in the ground. He likes to lick/groom
    his paws daily, so I am sure he will continue to ingest them... Thank you!

  22. Hi Karen I gave a cat that was infested with tapeworms grinned pumpkin seed and the oil also.He has been on it for about 4 days.Excuse the description but they were coming out of him in large clumps(at least 8 at a time)all twisted together.Is this what I am suppose to expect to happen?

    1. Yes that is what happens when a kittie has a bad infestation.

  23. Hi, thanks for all of this info. This is my first time having a puppy & she has roundworms. She has pooped around our yard. Is there anything I can sprinkle around the yard to kill any possible eggs? I have 2 young children.

  24. Hi, Its there something natural that would cover lungworm ?

  25. Awesome site! We just took in a 5 week old kitten and noticed she's scooting. Going to try the ground pumpkin seeds with DE. I use coconut oil with brewers yeast treats for my dog and she hasn't had worms since i started that. Couldn't find any info that those would be beneficial to kitties too.

  26. Hey Karen,

    I saw something worm like(dead i guess) in my dogs stool and he has been scooting lately so i wanted to go ahead and deworm him, no other symptom. I give him garlic almost daily. I purchased DE and will do for 10 days and also organic raw pumpkin seed but I couldn't find the oil.

    So this page says to give 1/4 tsp per 10 pound of pumpkin seed powder (raja is 12.4lb maltese) but your homemade dog food page says 1/2 tablespoon for small dog so which dose should I use ?

    1. Normal dosage for pumpkin seed is 1/4 tsp up to 1/2 tsp for small dogs.

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PLEASE NOTE – The true meaning of holistic…

Food, herbs, nutraceuticals and alternative medicines are NOT ‘holistic’ they are a substance and MAY, or may NOT be ‘NATURAL’. It is important to keep in mind that the supplement industry is just as unethical as BigPharma, the Food and Pet Food Industry, and unfortunately many veterinarians.

If you use a ‘natural’ substance (i.e. an herb) you are using a natural substance, this is not synonymous with holistic.

Holistic is a way of approaching life, and within that - overall health, and wellbeing.

Please do not expect a natural substance to miraculously remedy a health or behavioral situation. A natural substance may be used to treat symptoms. However, if the factors causing the underlying issue are not properly identified, analyzed and addressed you do not have a remedy.

Remedy requires a comprehensive approach that identifies root cause, seeks to remove items that trigger, cause or otherwise contribute to issues, and builds a complete, and detailed approach to immediate treatment, remedy, and maintenance of long-term health = holistic.

I offer extensive consultation services - Holistic Diet, Nutrition Wellness and Holistic Behavioral, for people that are serious about looking after their dogs and cats holistically. If you want to engage my services you can contact me via email or phone.

If you are looking for additional free advice, please refer back to the articles on my site, do not contact me via email or phone - personalized service is for my clients / patients only.

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Children and fools tell the truth traditional view of the lack of guile associated with children, or those who lack awareness that the truth may not serve their own interests. The saying is recorded from the mid 16th century; an earlier related saying in late 14th-century French is, ‘to know the truth about everything, listen to drunkards, children, idiots, and women.’

children are certain cares but uncertain comforts emphasizing the continuing responsibility and anxiety of parenthood, as against the possible ingratitude of children; saying recorded from the mid 17th century.

Children of Israel the Jewish people, as people whose descent is traditionally traced from the patriarch Jacob (also called Israel), each of whose twelve sons became the founder of a tribe.

Children's Crusade a movement in 1212 in which tens of thousands of children (mostly from France and Germany) embarked on a crusade to the Holy Land. Most of the children never reached their destination; arriving at French and Italian ports, many were sold into slavery.

children should be seen and not heard a recommendation as to behaviour which was originally applied specifically to (young) women. The saying is recorded from the early 15th century.

See also child.

Subjects: Medieval and Renaissance History (500 to 1500).

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decided: October 5, 1978.

No. 316 January Term, 1976, Appeal from the Order of the Superior Court at October Term, 1974, No. 1175, Affirming the Judgment of Sentence of the Court of Common Pleas, Trial Division, Criminal Section, of Philadelphia County, at October Sessions, 1972, No. 1938.

Defender Assn. of Phila., Benjamin Lerner, Defender, John W. Packel, Asst. Public Defender, Chief, Appeals Div., Philadelphia, for appellant.

F. Emmett Fitzpatrick, Dist. Atty., Steven H. Goldblatt, Deputy Dist. Atty. for Law, Michael R. Stiles, Asst. Dist. Atty., Chief, Appeals Div., Stephen Seeling, Philadelphia, for appellee.

Eagen, C. J., and O'Brien, Roberts, Pomeroy, Nix and Manderino, JJ. Nix, J., concurs in the result. Manderino, J., filed a dissenting opinion in which Roberts, J., joins. Packel, former J., did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.

Author: Pomeroy

[ 482 Pa. Page 113]

On December 12, 1972, appellant Ernest Colding entered a plea of guilty to a charge of aggravated robbery before the Honorable Calvin C. Wilson of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County and was sentenced to

[ 482 Pa. Page 114]

    imprisonment for a term of "time in to four years"*fn1 and to make restitution to the victim. On December 15, 1972, a hearing was held to reconsider sentence. Judge Wilson thereafter "vacated" the sentence of December 12 and placed appellant on four years probation with the condition of restitution.*fn2 On May 7, 1974, Colding pleaded guilty to various criminal charges and, as a result, a hearing was held on May 10, 1974 to determine whether the conditions of probation had been violated and whether probation should be revoked.*fn3 At that hearing, the trial court found a violation and thereafter revoked probation. A sentence of one and one-half to three years was then imposed.

Appellant appealed the new sentence to the Superior Court which (two judges dissenting) affirmed the judgment of sentence. Commonwealth v. Colding, 237 Pa. Super. 612, 352 A.2d 554 (1975). We granted Colding's petition for allowance of appeal*fn4 and now affirm.

[ 482 Pa. Page 115]

The sole issue raised here, as below, is whether the sentence of one and one-half to three years imposed following the revocation of probation was violative of the double jeopardy provision of the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.*fn5 That clause protects against the imposition of multiple punishments for a single offense. See North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711, 89 S.Ct. 2072, 23 L.Ed.2d 656 (1969); Commonwealth v. Foster, 229 Pa. Super. 269, 324 A.2d 538 (1974). Appellant does not argue that imposition of a prison sentence following a grant of probation constitutes multiple punishment, for we have previously held that probation is conditional in nature, subject to revocation and the imposition of a term of imprisonment upon a breach of its conditions. Commonwealth v. Vivian, 426 Pa. 192, 231 A.2d 301 (1967). Rather, it is Colding's contention that the original sentence of December 12, 1972, although "vacated," is the bench mark against which any later sentence must be measured. So viewing the matter, the sentence imposed following the revocation of probation constituted a second, harsher punishment.*fn6 We disagree.

The starting point of our analysis must be the conditions under which the courts of this state may impose probation upon criminal offenders. Generally, such authority is found in two statutory provisions. The Act of June 19, 1911, P.L. 1055, § 1, as amended, 19 P.S. § 1051, provides for suspending the imposition of sentence and the placing of a defendant

[ 482 Pa. Page 116]

    on probation for a definite period.*fn7 In contrast, the Act of August 6, 1941, P.L. 861, § 25, 61 P.S. § 331.25, allows a court to impose probation in lieu of sentencing.*fn8 The effect of this distinction for double jeopardy purposes has been correctly explicated by the Superior Court:

"If a defendant is sentenced, but the judge chooses to suspend sentence pending a period of probation, the trial judge may re-sentence the defendant if he violates that

[ 482 Pa. Page 117]

    probation. The maximum period of the re-sentence is limited, however, to the maximum term under which the defendant was originally sentenced. Our Supreme Court has held that a 'modification of a sentence imposed on a criminal defendant which increases the punishment constitute[s] further or double jeopardy.' Commonwealth v. Silverman, 442 Pa. 211, 215, 275 A.2d 308 (1971); see also Commonwealth v. Davy, 218 Pa. Super. 355, 280 A.2d 407 (1971).

"The instant case does not involve a situation where appellant was re-sentenced after a suspended sentence. By exercising the statutory option of imposing a period of probation in lieu of sentencing, the court defers sentencing a defendant to a fixed term of imprisonment until such time as the defendant has violated the conditions of his probation. In other words, the setting of the term of probation is not a term of sentence, and may not act as a limitation on the court to impose a sentence for a term of years greater than the probationary period, not in excess of the maximum fixed by law for the particular offense. The sentence imposed by the court in the instant case -- a period of imprisonment of not less than three years nor more than ten years -- was within the court's power as authorized by law. It was not a violation of the double jeopardy clause to sentence the appellant to the maximum prison sentence allowable at the time of the original sentencing." Commonwealth v. Cole, 222 Pa. Super. 229, 231-232, 294 A.2d 824, 825-826 (1972) (footnotes omitted).

See also Roberts v. United States, 320 U.S. 264, 64 S.Ct. 113, 88 L.Ed. 41 (1943).

In the case at bar, the Superior Court held that for the purposes of reimposition of sentence following a revocation of probation, "the effect of vacating a sentence is indistinguishable from cases in which a definite sentence is suspended," 237 Pa. Super. at 615, 352 A.2d at 555. Thus, the court held that by vacating the original sentence and imposing

[ 482 Pa. Page 118]

    probation in the instant case, the trial court was foreclosed, when probation was later violated, from imposing a sentence which was more severe than the original one.*fn9 We do not agree.

At common law, courts of this State had the power to "vacate" a judgment of sentence and to impose a new sentence, even if more severe, so long as such action took place within the same term of court as did the original sentencing. Commonwealth v. Mackley, 380 Pa. 70, 110 A.2d 172 (1955); Commonwealth ex rel. Holly v. Ashe, 368 Pa. 211, 82 A.2d 244 (1951); Commonwealth ex rel. Billman v. Burke, Warden, 362 Pa. 319, 66 A.2d 251 (1949); Commonwealth ex rel. Leary v. Day, 178 Pa. Super. 583, 116 A.2d 333 (1955), cert. denied 350 U.S. 1008, 76 S.Ct. 653, 100 L.Ed. 869 (1956); Commonwealth ex rel. Champion v. Claudy, 171 Pa. Super. 143, 90 A.2d 638 (1952). This power is now statutorily recognized, and has been extended to a period of thirty days following the date of the judgment or sentence where the term of court ends before expiration of the thirty day period.*fn10 See Commonwealth v. Silverman, 442 Pa. 211, 275 A.2d 308 (1971); Commonwealth v. Gallagher, 200 Pa. Super. 136,

[ 482 Pa. Page 119186]

A.2d 842 (1962). The power of a court to "vacate" a judgment or sentence in a proper case is thus clear; the only question is what is the effect of an order which vacates a sentence. We think the Superior Court put it well in a case similar to the one at bar:

"The order as to revocation of the sentence was within the authority of the court because made during the same term in which sentence was imposed. The effect of the order was to restore relator to the status of an unsentenced defendant convicted of crime. By revocation the previous sentence was expunged and ceased to exist as never imposed." Commonwealth ex rel. Champion v. Claudy, 171 Pa. Super. 143 at 145, 90 A.2d 638 at 639 (1952).

We hold, then, that the effect of such an order of vacation is to render the vacated sentence void and a nullity;*fn11 the slate is wiped clean and the court is free to sentence, subject to the caveat noted hereafter.

A cautionary word is advisable at this point, viz., that our holding today does not invest a trial court with unfettered power to vacate sentence and impose a more severe penalty. As we have previously held, such a practice is invalid as violative of the Double Jeopardy Clause of the federal constitution. Commonwealth v. Brown, 455 Pa. 274, 314 A.2d 506 (1974); Commonwealth v. Allen, 443 Pa. 96, 277 A.2d 803 (1971); Commonwealth v. Silverman, supra. The present case does not run afoul of this admonition. Upon timely vacating the original sentence of December 12, 1972 which called for incarceration the court imposed a lesser sentence whereunder defendant could be at large, i. e., probation. The issue then is whether a previously vacated sentence which is replaced by probation puts any limitation upon a trial court should the probation later be revoked due

[ 482 Pa. Page 120]

    to violation of its terms and the defendant subjected to resentencing. In answering this question we find the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in North Carolina v. Pearce, supra, instructive. The Supreme Court there held that where a conviction is reversed and vacated upon appeal, neither the double jeopardy provision nor the Equal Protection Clause imposes an absolute bar to a more severe penalty upon reconviction. The Court went on to conclude, however, that where a more severe sentence is imposed following reconviction, the reasons for the enhancement, based upon ". . . identifiable conduct on the part of the defendant occurring after the time of the original sentencing proceeding," 395 U.S. at 726, 89 S.Ct. at 2081, 23 L.Ed.2d at 670, must affirmatively appear in the record. See also Commonwealth v. Allen, supra.

We believe the Pearce rationale is applicable to the case at bar. Like the Pearce Court, we perceive no double jeopardy prohibition against imposition of a sentence which is more severe than that originally vacated*fn12 when a intervening sentence of probation has been violated. This conclusion flows logically from the initial premise that a "vacated" sentence is of no legal effect. Moreover, any fear that a possibility of enhanced punishment will chill a defendant's option to seek modification of a sentence pursuant to 12 P.S. § 1032, supra, n.10, is offset by a requirement that any such enhancement be justified by the defendant's conduct subsequent to the original sentencing.

In summary, the case at bar presents a sentence validly vacated, see n.2 supra, and replaced by a lesser sentence in the form of probation. It was only following a violation of

[ 482 Pa. Page 121]

    probation by fresh criminal conduct that the court meted out a penalty arguably more severe than the original one. In these circumstances we see neither a double jeopardy problem nor the possibility that a defendant's opportunity to seek modification of a sentence will be chilled by our holding. Cf. North Carolina v. Pearce, supra. Appellant's contentions to the contrary must be rejected.

Order affirmed.

MANDERINO, Justice, dissenting.

I dissent. The appellant in this case was originally sentenced to imprisonment for a term of "time in to four years." The appellant's "time in" was two months and seven days. Thus, the sentence imposed was, in effect, two months and seven days to four years. Three days after imposing the above sentence the trial judge "vacated" the sentence and placed appellant on four years probation. When appellant violated his probation, he was resentenced to one and a half to three years imprisonment.

The majority concedes, in endorsing Commonwealth v. Cole, 222 Pa. Super. 229, 294 A.2d 824 (1972), that under the law in Pennsylvania had the appellant been sentenced to imprisonment and that sentence been "suspended," and appellant placed on probation, he could only be given the original sentence of imprisonment following a violation of probation. Because, however, the trial court after ordering imprisonment did not "suspend" the sentence but rather "vacated" the sentence before placing appellant on probation,

[ 482 Pa. Page 122]

    the consequences are different. I cannot subscribe to this semantic distinction. On this point, the Superior Court unanimously refused to find any difference between suspending and vacating a sentence of imprisonment for probation purposes. See Commonwealth v. Tomlin, 232 Pa. Super. 147, 150, 336 A.2d 407, 409 (1975), which is directly in point and is not discussed in the majority opinion.

Because of the majority's conclusion that appellant's original sentence of time in to four years was a nullity, it avoided the issue of whether increasing a defendant's minimum sentence on resentencing constitutes a harsher sentence in violation of the double jeopardy clause. At 406 n.6. While it is true that a minimum sentence serves the sole purpose of informing parole authorities with notice of the prisoner's eligibility for parole, see 61 P.S. § 331.21 (1964); Commonwealth v. Brown, 455 Pa. 274, 314 A.2d 506 (1974) (concurring opinion of Roberts, J.), increasing the minimum sentence increases the length of a prisoner's minimum incarceration and therefore violates a prisoner's double jeopardy rights.

Appellant's minimum sentence was increased from a little over two months to eighteen months. I agree with appellant that a sentence that requires a defendant to spend at least eighteen months in jail is harsher than a sentence which required a defendant to spend slightly more than two months in jail. The opportunity for parole is an important interest, see Commonwealth v. Butler, 458 Pa. 289, 328 A.2d 851 (1974), and to postpone its availability obviously constitutes a more severe punishment than that originally meted out. This common sense reality is not altered by the fact that the maximum sentence was shortened from four years to three years. See Commonwealth v. Colding, 237 Pa. Super. 612, 352 A.2d 554, 558-60 (1975) (Spaeth & Hoffman, JJ., dissenting). I respectfully dissent.

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