text:
Where It All Comes Together

How Partnerships Connect Communities and Schools

By Martin J. Blank, Lisa Villarreal

American Educator Fall 2015

The modern-day community schools movement reached a new plateau in 2008 when Randi Weingarten made community schools a central element of her platform as the new president of the American Federation of Teachers. The AFT’s action was a milestone on a journey that began a decade earlier, when advocates for community schools determined that it was necessary to renew a core American value—that our public schools should be centers of flourishing communities where everyone belongs and works together to help our young people thrive.

The AFT’s leadership understood then, and continues to understand now, that students need the organized support of their communities to succeed, and that schools alone cannot provide all the educational and developmental experiences young people need to graduate and succeed in life.

Leaders in local government, local United Ways, community foundations, higher education institutions, community-based organizations, and beyond are coming to the same conclusion. Across the country, they see a public school student population that is more than 51 percent poor1 and increasingly diverse. And they see young people who are more isolated and distrustful,2 and who face deep and pervasive inequities.

Community schools purposefully partner with youth organizations, health clinics, social service agencies, food banks, higher education institutions, businesses, and others to meet students’ and families’ academic and nonacademic needs, so teachers are free to teach and students are ready to learn. Community schools are becoming the chosen strategy for action among these leaders. Such schools represent a comprehensive—and transformative—school reform strategy that views young people holistically and expects everyone to step up to support them.

The Coalition for Community Schools, which was organized in 1997, has become a driving force in the community schools movement. With 214 partners in education, health and mental health, youth development, civil rights, local government, child and youth advocacy, philanthropy, and local community school initiatives, the coalition has helped raise the visibility of community schools and has led many partners to pursue the development of community schools as part of their own agendas.

In this article, we outline how far the community schools movement has come since the AFT made community schools a priority in 2008. We explain why the movement has grown, clarify what exactly makes a community school different from other schools, lay out how community schools work, and show the positive results that community schools are attaining. We conclude with a brief discussion of the challenges that lie ahead.

The Rise of the Community Schools Movement

Approximately 5,000 schools in more than 150 communities across the country currently employ the community school strategy, serving around 2 million students. Exact numbers are hard to determine because community schools come in so many shapes and sizes and often don’t follow a formal model. Large school districts (such as Baltimore; Chicago; New York City; and Oakland, California), medium-size districts (such as Cincinnati; Evansville, Indiana; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Salt Lake City), and smaller districts (such as Vallejo, California; Evanston, Illinois; and Allentown, Pennsylvania) are embracing community schools. University-assisted community schools, where higher education institutions partner with schools, are also growing, as is Communities In Schools, a national nonprofit focused on eliminating the barriers that contribute to students dropping out of school. These places and approaches cut across political perspectives, reflecting the fact that gathering the community at the schoolhouse in order to better support young people and the community is a traditional American idea.

Significantly, these school districts and communities are not just organizing individual community schools; they are working to transform every school into a community school, where both the school district and the community share responsibility for ensuring better outcomes for young people.

Multiple factors have led to the continuing adoption of community schools. First, the test-based accountability movement simply has not achieved what its architects set out to do: dramatically improve student achievement, especially for poor children and children of color. While that movement has illuminated the achievement gap, it has not addressed the inequities in young people’s lives, the toxic stress,3 and the sense of isolation that come from growing up in racially and economically segregated neighborhoods. Nor has it addressed health disparities, chronic absence, school discipline, the lack of social capital, and other challenges receiving growing attention today.

The increase in poverty among our nation’s students cannot be overemphasized as well. The majority of public school students now come from low-income families, and that number seems likely to grow as the squeeze on the middle class continues. Our country’s population is also more diverse than ever,* with the percentage of English language learners continuing to increase,4 and the number of languages spoken and cultures present in public schools continuing to challenge a predominantly white teacher workforce.

Also, a growing recognition that children learn and develop across multiple domains has bolstered the community schools movement. The success of young people depends not just on their academic achievement but on their cognitive, social, emotional, physical, and ethical growth, as well as their civic participation. This realization harkens back to the work of Abraham Maslow, Urie Bronfenbrenner, and James Comer, who have argued for the importance of these multiple domains and for addressing the needs of the whole child.5

Moreover, as Robert Putnam demonstrates in his new book Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis,6 too many of our young people lack access to opportunities to find their talent for art, music, athletics, and other abilities—opportunities that help them develop vital skills and build connections and relationships to adults. The contrast in access to opportunity is stark for low-income children compared with their upper-middle-class peers.

The rise of community organizing efforts calling for community schools is another significant development. Family and community engagement have always been key components of the community school strategy. Now, families, young people, and community residents are coming together in deeper ways, demanding that their public schools not be closed. Community members are calling on state and district officials to give their schools the option to become community schools.7 They want the stable institutions their communities deserve—places where their children can get the education they need.

These community organizers have come together under the banner of the national Journey for Justice Alliance, a coalition of grass-roots organizations. They also belong to the Alliance to Reclaim Our Schools, a broader union-community organizing coalition that has helped introduce community schools legislation in 10 states.

Finally, teachers know firsthand the impact that a changing student population and difficult family circumstances have on a child’s education. In a recent survey by the Council of Chief State School Officers of 46 state teachers of the year, 76 percent named family stress and 63 percent named poverty as significant barriers to student achievement.8 And in a Communities In Schools survey, 88 percent of teachers said poverty is a major barrier to learning.9 Additionally, a survey conducted by the AFT in spring 2015 highlighted the workplace stress that teachers face—stress that many educators believe impedes instruction and demeans the profession.

We can no longer afford to ignore the voices of teachers, who know our children best, or the data on the conditions in young people’s lives that influence their learning and development. And more and more school and community leaders agree. That is why they are partnering to establish community schools.

Elements of a Community School

American Educator Fall 2015To be clear, academic achievement is central in community schools. After all, we all want young people to be ready for college, career, and citizenship.

But if we focus on academics alone, we fail to understand that young people develop, as we previously discussed, across multiple domains, and we fail to see that it is the responsibility of the school, family, and community, working in concert, to fulfill the necessary conditions for learning (for more on these conditions, see the "Conditions for Learning" box on the right).

From a community school perspective, fulfilling these conditions requires deep, respectful, and purposeful relationships among educators, families, and community partners. These partnerships ultimately help build and integrate the common elements of a community school: (1) health and social supports for students and families, often called wraparound services; (2) authentic family and community engagement; and (3) expanded learning opportunities inside and outside the school building that support the core curriculum and enrich students’ learning experiences. For school and community leaders, community schools are not a “silver bullet” but a strategy for developing collective trust, collective action, and collective impact.

By establishing partnerships with child and family services organizations, community health centers, mental health agencies, and hospitals, community schools can respond to the fear, hunger, physical pain, and psychological distress that many students experience. Such partners place mental health counselors in schools and sometimes work with schools to operate and house health, dental, and vision clinics inside the actual school building. If such clinics are not located within community schools themselves, the schools link students and families to clinics located in the community.

Family resource centers that connect students and families to the services they need are also common in community schools. And it is not unusual for staff members from community partner organizations to sit and participate on student support teams.

Restorative justice programs have increasingly become a feature of community schools, as well. The term “restorative justice” describes approaches to discipline that help students “proactively build healthy relationships and a sense of community to prevent and address conflict and wrongdoing.”10 Such programs can improve student behavior and help students avoid the pipeline to prison. By coordinating these services, community schools can reduce chronic absences due to poor health, decrease disciplinary issues and truancy rates, and help create a more stable living situation for children at home.

Authentic family and community engagement is the second dimension of a community school. Research clearly shows the important role that families play in their children’s learning and development.11 To that end, community schools seek to build mutual respect and effective collaboration among parents, families, and school staff. Community schools don’t happen to families but with their active involvement.

Working with community-based partners, educators at many community schools interact with families beyond traditional parent-teacher conferences. Often, community schools embrace parent-teacher home visits, participate on academic teams of parents and teachers, work with parents in leadership development, and engage in the work of community organizing groups. At community schools, families are seen as valuable resources for the education of their children. Such collaboration between teachers and parents helps create a more welcoming, respectful, and supportive culture and climate across the entire school. As teachers know all too well, the better the school climate, the more teaching and learning occur.

Finally, the enriching learning experiences that community schools offer can take place before, during, and after school, and may even extend into the summer. These experiences engage young people in real-world problem solving around issues of critical concern to students, families, and their neighborhoods. Issues such as decreasing violence, improving the environment, increasing access to healthcare and good nutrition, and others enable the community to become a focal point for learning, with service learning as a common strategy. In community schools, partnerships with businesses, higher education institutions, and healthcare systems and hospitals offer students career-focused learning experiences, apprenticeships, and internships.

How Community Schools Operate

Strong leadership across multiple institutions, a focus on results, and the presence of a community schools coordinator are among the key ingredients for bringing community schools to life. School and community leaders have learned about these and other key ingredients for organizing effective community schools over the past two decades (see the "Key Ingredients" box on the right), and they are learning how to grow systems of community schools where partners and educators develop relationships with multiple community schools that coordinate resources, share best practices, and get results.

Focusing at the systems level is essential if community schools are to become a permanent part of the education and community landscape, and if they are to avoid the pitfalls of leadership transitions, policy shifts, and other forces. There are more than 150 places scaling up community schools, among the most recent being New York City, where Mayor Bill de Blasio has overseen the development of 128 community schools and has set a goal of establishing 200 by 2017.

Growing systems of community schools has become a key priority for the Coalition for Community Schools. Our experience shows that establishing interactions among a community-wide leadership group and site leadership teams from community schools within the same school district, with the support of a strong intermediary organization, is the key to building a successful system of community schools. In the coalition’s guide Scaling Up School and Community Partnerships: The Community Schools Strategy, we outline the structural elements that experience tells us are necessary for the most sustainable system.12

The community-wide leadership group, made up of members from the school district, local government, United Ways, businesses, teacher unions, and community- and faith-based organizations, is responsible for setting the overall vision, developing policy, aligning resources, and outlining accountability plans to build and sustain a system of community schools. A school-site leadership team, consisting of parents, residents, principals, teachers, school staff, community partners and usually a community coordinator, and students, is responsible for school-based decision making, which includes planning and implementation, and satisfying local needs that align with the school’s academic mission. An intermediary entity (an organization or a working group composed of key managers from one or more partner agencies) provides planning, coordination, and management. Intermediary staff ensure communication among community-wide and school-site leaders. With these leadership structures in place, educators and partners can increase the number and effectiveness of community schools across a school district.

It’s important to note that community schools are well-suited to engage with related efforts to help young people, families, and communities. For instance, the Becoming a Man program,13 a prototype for President Obama’s My Brother’s Keeper initiative, was designed by Youth Guidance, the lead partner in a number of Chicago community schools. (For more on the Becoming a Man program, see "Where Community Schools Are Strong.") Other community school initiatives also have taken up the call of My Brother’s Keeper—to address persistent opportunity gaps faced by boys and young men of color so all young people can reach their full potential.

Similarly, in addition to major organizational partners (e.g., the Afterschool Alliance, the School-Based Health Alliance, the National League of Cities, the School Superintendents Association, and United Way Worldwide), the coalition works with broad national initiatives that are related to community schools, including Attendance Works, the Campaign for Grade-Level Reading, the Promise Neighborhoods Institute, Partners for Each and Every Child, and the National Opportunity to Learn Campaign. Community schools welcome such efforts because each one requires the active engagement of the school and community to succeed. This makes community schools a powerful vehicle in collective impact and place-based strategies.14

Community Schools Are Effective

American Educator Fall 2015Multiple research studies show that community schools work, including a recent Child Trends meta-analysis that found that community schools support young people’s needs, reduce grade retention and dropout rates, and increase attendance, math achievement, and grade-point averages.15

In Chicago, which has been subject to a variety of reforms over the years, research by Carnegie Foundation president Anthony Bryk and his colleagues found that schools with community school characteristics were more successful in terms of academic achievement in reading and math scores, and in reducing chronic absenteeism, along with other key indicators of student success.16 Spanning many years, the research concluded that successful schools had robust parent-community ties, a student-centered learning climate, and instructional guidance. Trust among school leaders, teachers, families, and community members was also an important predictor of school success.

Similar findings appear in studies of community schools across the nation. For example, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, students in community schools that successfully implemented student and family supports had math scores that were 32 points higher and reading scores that were 19 points higher than their counterparts in other Tulsa schools.17

Students involved with City Connects in Boston community schools showed higher reading, writing, and mathematics report-card performance in grades 3–5, and higher third-grade math scores on the state standardized test. In middle school, students earned higher overall course grades in grades 6–7, and performed better on math and English language arts state tests in grades 6–8.18

Evaluators of Baltimore’s community school initiative found that schools that had been implementing community school practices for five or more years had significantly better attendance rates and lower chronic absence rates than noncommunity schools. From the 2009–2010 to 2013–2014 school years, these community schools increased average attendance by 1.6 percent, compared with a 1.8 percent decrease for noncommunity schools, and decreased chronic absence rates by 4.1 percent, compared with a 3.6 percent increase for noncommunity schools.19 (For more on Baltimore’s community school initiative, see "Where Community Schools Are Strong.")

Finally, a study by the Finance Project shows that community schools return $10 to $14 in social benefits for each dollar invested.20

The Policy Environment for Community Schools

At the federal level, we continue to impress upon policymakers the importance of addressing the challenges that community schools take on. Progress is incremental but promising. As Congress debates the renewal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the coalition has been promoting the authorization and funding of the Full-Service Community Schools Act21 as a specific program, while also advocating for a set of principles that reflect the operational elements of community schools.

Key principles include a broader accountability framework, with elements such as health, wellness, and discipline; language undergirding the role of community school coordinators; professional development that enables principals, teachers, instructional support personnel, and community partners to work more effectively with families, communities, and each other; and capacity building that supports community school partnerships and better aligns and coordinates programs. In our discussions with members of Congress, these principles have received a positive reception.

At the state level, we have seen a marked increase in interest in community schools. New York and the District of Columbia have appropriated funds for community schools. Legislation supporting community schools has been enacted in Connecticut, Maine, and New Mexico. And in July 2014, the West Virginia Board of Education approved a policy framework endorsing community schools for statewide implementation.

A number of other states, often at the behest of community organizers, have already introduced or plan to introduce legislation this year to support community schools, including California, Georgia, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin. (For more on legislative efforts in Texas, see "Cultivating Community Schools.") Passing bills will not be easy, but in the short term, introducing legislation raises the visibility of the community school strategy and strengthens the foundation for future growth. To support state efforts, the coalition is convening state-level community school advocates in order to promote supportive policies, provide technical assistance, and create a statewide peer learning group.

The Way Forward

American Educator Fall 2015Across the country, the widespread adoption of community schools shows great promise. The way forward is hopeful, but challenges as well as opportunities lie ahead.

Viewing Our Young People Differently: A fundamental transformation in the way our society sees young people is necessary. Our society must view our youth as assets to be developed, not problems to be addressed.22 We must rebuild their trust in the people around them and help them to develop the agency—the sense of control over their own lives—so important to success.

Engaging Teachers and School Staff: Teachers and school staff members, who all play an enormous role in helping to create a safe school climate and culture, are becoming more deeply involved in the planning and implementation of community schools. And they are making clear the importance of addressing poverty, family stress, and other issues for success.

But there is more work to do to engage teachers in school-based decision making and in the nuts and bolts of community schools. With both the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association strongly committed to community schools, there is a significant opportunity to strengthen local ties between teachers and community partners.

Changing Mindsets, Enhancing Leadership, and Strengthening Professional Development: Leadership and professional development programs in education, social work, community development, and other fields need to offer a sharper picture of the inequities that influence public education. Principals and teachers not only need to be able to lead and deliver instruction, they must be prepared to work more effectively with families, community residents, and community partners. So too must the mindset of community partners change. They need to understand the culture of public schools, and as education allies, they must find effective ways to share their expertise.

Preparing Coordinators for Community Schools: Community school coordinators require interdisciplinary expertise in youth and community development, social work, and student learning, as well as data-driven decision making and strategic planning. To date, much of the preparation of these individuals has been handled at the local level, with limited resources. Only the University of Chicago offers a comprehensive master’s-level program.23 Much greater attention must be given to how coordinators are prepared and to professionalizing their role as the field grows.

Providing More Extensive Support for Capacity Building: There is a paucity of funding for capacity building of community schools, with minimal federal and state investment. While the National Center for Community Schools at the Children’s Aid Society provides assistance, as do other local and regional groups, the support of public and private funders is essential.

Becoming a Community School District: As more school districts and communities work to bring community schools to scale, districts and community partners must consider ways to build and sustain their relationships. All partners must ask how they must change as an organization.

Districts will need to answer questions such as: How must data systems, leadership, professional development programs, facilities planning, and other practices change? How does the district integrate the assets of community partners into its school improvement planning so that the work of educators and community partners is aligned toward common results? How does it support principals and teachers in that endeavor?

A similar set of questions must be asked of community partners: How must their policies, practices, and professional development change to sustain a community school? The emerging experience of school districts and communities in taking community schools to scale provides the foundation for a set of standards that the coalition is currently developing.

Strengthening Leadership Networks: The coalition now coordinates networks of community school leaders, superintendents, community school coordinators, United Ways, higher education institutions, and funders. Expanding the reach of these networks to share lessons learned and broaden participation is crucial to achieving the coalition’s goal of having 200 school systems and their communities adopt a community school strategy in the next five years.

Investing in Our Children: Inequities in school funding formulas in many states, and inadequate funding for critical opportunities and supports (e.g., early childhood education, afterschool programs, and mental health services), are obvious to many education observers. These funding gaps must be remedied at the federal, state, and local levels. A strong economy and equitable society require such investments.

*  *  *

Ultimately, community schools benefit students, families, and teachers in three important ways: They reduce the demand on educators and other school staff by addressing the academic and nonacademic challenges that students bring to school. They nurture students’ social and emotional development. And they enable students and families to build social capital—the networks and relationships that support learning and development, and that enable young people to envision and enjoy a successful future.

In sum, the community school strategy is built on recognizing that the education and development of our children is a shared responsibility. Only together can schools and communities achieve positive outcomes for young people and our society.

Martin J. Blank is the president of the Institute for Educational Leadership, director of the Coalition for Community Schools, and author of numerous articles and reports on how schools and communities can work together to increase student learning. Lisa Villarreal is the education program officer for the San Francisco Foundation and chair of the steering committee for the Coalition for Community Schools. She has worked in public education for more than 30 years, serving as a teacher, counselor, and administrator.

*For more about the increasing diversity of language and culture in the United States, see "Bilingual Education: Reviving an American Tradition" by Claude Goldenberg and Kirstin Wagner. (back to the article)

For more on the work of James Comer, see “School Ties” in the Spring 2013 issue of American Educator. (back to the article)

For an example of how parent-teacher home visits can work, see "Connecting with Students and Families through Home Visits," an article on the Parent/Teacher Home Visit Project. (back to the article)

1. Southern Education Foundation, A New Majority:
Low Income Students Now a Majority in the Nation’s Public Schools (Atlanta: Southern Education Foundation, 2015).

2. Robert Putnam, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015).

3. For more on the concept of toxic stress, see “Key Concepts: Toxic Stress,” Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, accessed July 9, 2015, www.developingchild.harvard.edu/key_concepts/toxic_stress_response.

4. National Center for Education Statistics, “Fast Facts: English Language Learners,” accessed June 25, 2015, www.nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=96.

5. Martin Blank and Amy Berg, All Together Now: Sharing Responsibility for the Whole Child (Arlington, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2006).

6. Putnam, Our Kids.

7. Coalition for Educational Justice, Community Schools & Mayor De Blasio: Preparing the Next Generation for College & Careers (New York: Coalition for Educational Justice, 2014).

8. Greg Worrell, “We Surveyed the 2015 State Teachers of the Year,” edu@scholastic (blog), May 19, 2015, http://edublog.scholastic.com/post/we-surveyed-2015-state-teachers-year.

9. Communities In Schools, “National Survey of American Teachers by Communities In Schools,” accessed July 1, 2015, www.communitiesinschools.org/about/publications/publication/national-survey-american-teachers.

10. National Opportunity to Learn Campaign, Restorative Practices: Fostering Healthy Relationships & Promoting Positive Discipline in Schools; A Guide for Educators (Cambridge, MA: National Opportunity to Learn Campaign, 2014), 2.

11. Anne T. Henderson, Karen L. Mapp, Vivian R. Johnson, and Don Davies, Beyond the Bake Sale: The Essential Guide to Family-School Partnerships (New York: New Press, 2007).

12. Atelia Melaville, Reuben Jacobson, and Martin J. Blank, Scaling Up School and Community Partnerships: The Community Schools Strategy (Washington, DC: Coalition for Community Schools, 2011).

13. “B.A.M.—Becoming A Man,” Youth Guidance, accessed June 25, 2015, www.youth-guidance.org/our-programs/b-a-m-becoming-a-man.

14. For more on this topic, see William R. Potapchuk, The Role of Community Schools in Place-Based Initiatives: Collaborating for Student Success (Washington, DC: Coalition for Community Schools, 2013).

15. Kristin Anderson Moore, Making the Grade: Assessing the Evidence for Integrated Student Supports (Bethesda, MD: Child Trends, 2014).

16. Anthony S. Bryk, Penny Bender Sebring, Elaine Allensworth, Stuart Luppescu, and John Q. Easton, Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons from Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010).

17. Curt M. Adams, The Community School Effect: Evidence from an Evaluation of the Tulsa Area Community School Initiative (Tulsa: Oklahoma Center for Education Policy, 2010).

18. Mary E. Walsh, George F. Madaus, Anastasia E. Raczek, et al., “A New Model for Student Support in High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools: Effects on Elementary and Middle School Academic Outcomes,” American Educational Research Journal 51 (2014): 704–737.

19. Linda S. Olson, A First Look at Community Schools in Baltimore (Baltimore: Baltimore Education Research Consortium, 2014), 12.

20. Laura Martinez and Cheryl D. Hayes, Measuring Social Return on Investment for Community Schools: A Case Study (New York: Children’s Aid Society, 2013).

21. Full-Service Community Schools Act of 2014, H.R. 5168, 113th Cong. (2014).

22. “40 Developmental Assets for Adolescents,” Search Institute, 2007, www.search-institute.org/content/40-developmental-assets-adolescents-ages-12-18.

23. “Community Schools Program and Curriculum,” School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, accessed July 8, 2015, www.ssa.uchicago.edu/community-schools.

[illustrations by Kazushige Nitta]

American Educator, Fall 2015 Download PDF (360.82 KB)
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Where We Stand
Schools at the Center of Communities
By Randi Weingarten

Where It All Comes Together
How Partnerships Connect Communities and Schools
By Martin J. Blank and Lisa Villarreal

Where Community Schools Are Strong
By AFT Educational Issues Department, Martin J. Blank, and Lisa Villarreal

Cultivating Community Schools
Austin's Grassroots Effort
By Jennifer Dubin

American Educator Summer 2009

For more on the history of community schools and how coordinated partnerships meet students’ academic, health, and social service needs—and also free teachers to teach—see the Summer 2009 issue of American Educator.

Conditions for Learning

  • Early childhood development is fostered through high-quality, comprehensive programs that nurture learning and development.
  • The school has a core instructional program with qualified teachers, a challenging curriculum, and high standards and expectations for students.
  • Students are motivated and engaged in learning—both in school and in community settings, during and after school.
  • The basic physical, social, emotional, and economic needs of young people and their families are met.
  • There is mutual respect and effective collaboration among parents and school staff.
  • The community is engaged in the school and promotes a school climate that is safe, supportive, and respectful, and that offers students access to a broader set of learning opportunities.

Source: Coalition for Community Schools, Community Schools: Promoting Student Success; A Rationale and Results Framework (Washington, DC: Coalition for Community Schools, 2010), 10.

Key Ingredients of an Effective Community School

  • A principal who knows his or her community, sees achieving equity as fundamental to his or her work, and makes the school building a place where educators, partners, and the public feel comfortable working together.
  • Skilled teachers who have high expectations for their students, enjoy collaborative relationships with families and community partners, and offer students robust learning experiences that draw on community resources and expertise.
  • Community partners with the expertise to help achieve the goals of the community school, and who are well integrated into the life of the school.
  • A community schools coordinator who serves as a bridge between the school and community, aligns the work of educators and community partners toward a common set of results, and supports a site leadership team.
  • A site leadership team that gives families, students, and residents a voice and involves them, along with educators and community partners, in the planning, implementation, and oversight of the community school.
  • A community assessment that identifies the needs of the school, students, families, and community, as well as the assets of individuals, formal institutions and agencies, and informal organizations in the community that can be mobilized to meet these needs.
  • A focus on results and accountability that uses data to define specific indicators that the community school seeks to improve, and the capacity to collect and analyze data to measure progress.

Source: Coalition for Community Schools, “Frequently Asked Questions About Community Schools.”


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General / Re: Game art done using Photoscan
« on: November 08, 2014, 02:43:51 PM »
Hello admir,

Thank you for sharing the link. Have seen some interviews from Gamescom regarding the development process. But it will be also interesting, if some time you can publish some "behind the scenes" notes including scanning principles and so on. Of course, if it doesn't show up any secrets and know-how you rely on :)

I will send you behind the scenes doc with imagery once Making of is done.

General / Re: Lag in Zbrush
« on: October 31, 2014, 10:32:50 PM »
Editing 8 mil polygons in single mesh without subdivision levels is useless in Zbrush.

General / Re: Game art done using Photoscan
« on: October 31, 2014, 10:32:04 PM »
We have used Zremesher when mesh needs fixing in Zbrush and for converting from raw scan data to editable quads. But for final in game mesh we do retopo in Modo, 3d coat, Topogun or similar.

General / Game art done using Photoscan
« on: October 31, 2014, 05:06:38 PM »

Preview of the game we have been working for last year and half. We photographed and photo scanned 800 objects for the game ranging from Rome, Zagreb, Pompei, France..... Objects range from large rock formations, statues, columns, entrances, arches, stone blocks to photo references and textures. Most complex objects used up to 156 photos. Canon 5D Mk2 and 1100D Rebel were used with various lenses. Workflow was Photoscan for high poly mesh, then transfered to Modo for cleanup if needed and to Zbrush for detailing. Uv was done and Texture was projected in ZB for testing. Cleaned mesh was returned in Photoscan for texture reprojection. Decimated version exported to Modo for creating low poly model . Color, Normal, cavity/AO baked in Modo or Xnormal.

General / Re: Lag in Zbrush
« on: October 31, 2014, 05:03:13 PM »
Your mesh from PS comes with atlas UV and vertex coloring. If you plan doing any serious editing in ZB you should retopo model, apply subdivisions and project from original scan. This will minimize lag in ZB.

General / Re: Zbrush reset move/offset
« on: September 26, 2014, 03:14:09 PM »
I am doing similar using Modo and Zbrush. My workflow is to import obj in Modo. Aligning it in scene as item, this way vertices and polygons arent moved but handle of "item". Export in ZB for fixing, painting.... After that i reimport mesh from ZB in Modo instead of original and export in Photoscan for additional projection if needed. In Modo i have simple script that "invert" transformations when exporting in Photoscan.

General / Re: Mesh, point...
« on: June 16, 2014, 06:52:18 PM »
What interpolation are you using when building mesh? Its in Advanced submenu in Build Mesh. Try using disbled. Also, you are using masks ? Try masking unwanted areas. Third that might help you is to delete unwanted points from Dense point cloud.

I have abou 150 pictures made in a photodome but the aligning fails. I am wondering if anybody tried aligning with other software first (like PTGui) and using the merged intermediate result for aligning in Agisoft?

Can you tell more about align process ? Did you used masks ? Post images from PS and couple photos would be easier for people to help you.

General / Re: Combining two meshes with textures
« on: May 15, 2014, 11:31:43 AM »
Ah, its easy then :) You need to correctly name your textures and UVs and arange UVs in tiles, check its better explained.

General / Re: Combining two meshes with textures
« on: May 15, 2014, 10:16:44 AM »
Not that i know in ZB or MB (motion builder i guess).
Blender can do that (
Meshlab have transfer attributes option, maybe it can be done there with layers and meshes ?
We use Modo/Max/Maya where you can do that easily with transfer maps.

Hope it helps,

General / Re: Combining two meshes with textures
« on: May 14, 2014, 11:25:15 PM »
If i understood correctly, you need to combine 2 textures from 2 UVs to 1 texture and 1 UV ? You can do that in Modo/Max/Maya easily. Load 2 objects, create new UV (lets call it UV_combined), copy UVs from both meshes to that UV, pack UV (it rearanges UV so there is no overlap and keeps size of uv islands relative to mesh size). "Bake" 2 textures to new texture with UV_bake selected as target UV.

General / Re: Can't Open File
« on: May 11, 2014, 10:23:10 AM »
Are you using network drives ? Another thing, do you have multiple versions installed ? Old versions cant load files saved from newer.

General / Recent head mesh
« on: May 09, 2014, 05:57:46 PM »
Recent raw scan. I like how it turned out noise-less. Still a lot of work....

We use GTX Titan and Radeon HD 5900 for PS/ZB/Maya. Both work great.

General / Re: SSD or graphic card?
« on: May 07, 2014, 11:36:34 AM »
Photoscan uses hard drive extensively when loading photos into RAM. Pending on photos amount and your experience i think RAM is culprit rather than SSD or gfx card(which is not super fast). Uping RAM to 32gb and upgrading gfx card to gtx660 would be the best solution IMHO.

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2010 AIAVT Excellence in Architecture Design Awards

the Call for Entries 2010

Maclay Architects of Waitsfield

River House, Moretown

Honor Award

Michael Ellis Builder

A net-zero energy residence located in Moretown.

The jury said it was struck by the choice of rugged, natural building materials and thought the “ground-hugging building form” was “elegantly situated” on the Mad River edge site.

Gossens Bachman Architects of Montpelier

NAMCO Block in Windsor

Honor Award

E F Wall & Associates

Renovation of an 85,000-square-foot structure built in the 1920s for NAMCO Factory worker-housing.

The jury said, “It’s tough to make an aesthetic project, while engaging exceptional performance, on a tight budget.” The jury felt the architects had done just that, while also “hitting all the bases” in terms of “historic preservation, ecology and affordability.

Maclay Architects of Waitsfield

The Putney School Field House in Putney

Honor Award

DEW Corporation

A net-zero energy building that serves as an interactive social, exercise and recreation hub at the heart of the School’s campus.

The jury said the collaborative design process, which included faculty, administrators and students, specifically impressed the panel. The building team’s goals for sustainability were also exceptional, with a 37 kW photovoltaic array, which allows it to annually produce more energy than it uses.

Black River Design, Architects of Montpelier

The Courtyard at Given, UVM, Burlington

Merit Award

Engelberth Construction

A project constructed within an enclosed court yard, connecting two, four-story wings of the University of Vermont College of Medicine’s Given Building.

The jury commended the architects for the “elegant arrangement of interior planes, space and connecting bridges that clearly add to the building as a whole.

Gossens Bachman Architects of Montpelier

Riverfront Office Buildings in Montpelier

Merit Award

Connor Contracting & Gendron Contracting

The firm’s own workspace.

The jury praised the “simple and exciting resolution” that was achieved on a modest budget. The diversity of design and construction materials was felt by the panel to create an inspirational working environment.

Gossens Bachman Architects of Montpelier

Private Residence in Windsor County

Merit Award

Ennis Construction

The Jury described it as having a “simple, elegant and inventive plan with engaging building form.” GBA's main goal in the design had been to create an “inside-outside” connection and use many local materials, including red slate and maple.

Three River Design Group LLC of Woodstock

Three River Design Group Offices in Woodstock

Honorable Mention

Self-constructed office space.

The jury was impressed by the lovely and functional space built on a minimal budget, which evidenced the firm’s creativity and craftsmanship.

Sellers & Co. Architects

Archie Bunker

Honorable Mention

The jury selected this project for its delivery of “raw excitement” and irresistible “bravado and exuberance." The structure reflects the work of two Sellers-led concrete-building classes as well as the work of the firm, everyone doing, as Sellers put it, “just what they wanted,” unguided by documentation.

Truex Cullins Architecture and Interior Design of Burlington

Maltex in Burlington

People's Choice Award

This selection was made by the general public viewing all Entries in Burlington.

The Jury

Building type categories were ignored by the Jury, three members of the AIA Western Massachusetts Chapter, Bruce Coldham, Erin Nunes Cooper and Martha Montgomery. The jury made its choices assuming sustainable design practices were a base requirement for selection. It commented that more information indicating the integration of energy conserving features may have helped many entries.


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Fed Announces Announcing Taper – What Next?

Posted | 23/09/2021 / Views | 1102
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Last night saw the latest US Fed meeting and (finally) ‘confirmation’ of what they have been jawboning for a while and that is tapering of QE to ‘likely’ start next month.  Maybe because of all the lead up references the market did not, at this point, chuck a so called ‘taper tantrum’ as has occurred on previous attempts.

The announcement saw shares rally 1%, a sharp tightening of the yield curve in US Treasuries and gold only slightly down.  In Aussie dollar terms silver and platinum actually rallied strongly higher as the stronger USD forced the AUD down.

So what were the key takeaways?

Tapering – while not committing Powell firmly hinted that they will announce tapering in November, commence in December and finish mid 2022.  The caveat was on unexpected employment data or other data shocks.  Whilst unsaid, it may depend also on how the sharemarket reacts after properly digesting the news.  Last night may well have been a sell the rumour buy the news event and the realisation of what this means may sink in and the market recommence its recent downward trajectory.  That would certainly test their resolve next month…

Interest rates – There was a slight adjustment toward earlier commencement of raising rates.  The split between the committee members is now even on whether the first 0.25% hike would be in 2022 and 2023.  And herein lies the real crux of all this and also what the Fed is at pains to stress.  Tapering is not tightening!  Stress that as they might, in previous attempts we have seen the so called taper tantrum when the market panics that the artificial support is removed and crashes.  That didn’t happen last night but it didn’t happen straight away in 2018 either…  What is clear and what they are expressly saying is (ex Powell) “The timing and pace of the coming reduction in asset purchases will not be intended to carry a direct signal regarding the timing of interest-rate liftoff,”

In other words please don’t panic as we aren’t raising rates until, at worst late 2022, and even then only 0.25% at a time.  For the first time too we saw their projections into 2024 and it is worth noting.  The median projection amongst the committee for the end of 2024 was just 1.8%.  The median for 2023 rose to 1% from 0.6%.

Those of you aware of gold’s correlation with negative real interest rates are probably right now doing that math…  Their target rate less inflation is still, and will be for some considerable time, negative.  That is very supportive of higher gold prices, irrespective of safe haven trading in a tantrum.  Looking at the driver of rates and the outlook for inflation, Bloomberg note:

“The U.S. unemployment rate fell to 5.2% in August, well below the April 2020 peak of 14.8%. But it’s still above the 3.5% rate that prevailed in February 2020, just before the pandemic struck. Fed officials have said they expect to keep the funds rate near zero “until labor-market conditions have reached levels consistent with the committee’s assessments of maximum employment.”

Inflation, according to the Fed’s preferred measure, was 4.2% in the 12 months through July, well above the central bank’s 2% target. Many Fed officials have said they expect it to return to around 2% after temporary supply-chain disruptions resulting from the pandemic have been resolved, though several have also cited the rapid price increases as a reason to begin raising rates as early as next year.”

Last night’s rally in the face of taper “confirmation” may have been on the back of the Fed’s GDP projections for 2022 being stronger at 3.8% (and 2.5% for 2023). The Fed have a simply awful track record of over estimating GDP but no one is acknowledging that.

So we watch for ‘where to from here’ as the market digests what are still words not actions but words pretty hard to retreat from now nonetheless.  He all but said it WILL be November.  What is abundantly clear is that whilst QE may be tapered, they are (in his words) “well away from satisfying the liftoff test”, and zero interest rates are here for some considerable time when inflation is already looking a lot more sticky than their ‘transitory’ narrative.  That, dear reader, puts us firmly and indeed historically extended into negative real rates territory. That is music to gold’s ears.

And of course what no one in the press today is talking about is their inability to EVER raise rates in any meaningful way to curb inflation whilst the world sits on an historically unprecedented pile of debt, over 350% of GDP.  They may be able to taper (for now) but they simply cannot normalise.  Stay tuned for the next QE.


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Airplane Pictures home

FedEx Federal Express McDonnell Douglas MD-11F N523FE

FedEx Federal Express N523FE aircraft at Paris - Charles de Gaulle

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Photo Gallery

Wright Brothers Workshop Feb May 1910
Between February and May 1910, Wilbur Wright operated the first civilian flying school in the United States on a part of a cotton plantation owned by Frank D. Kohn Field near Montgomery, Alabama. Prominent Montgomery businessmen donated the land, built a hangar-workshop, and then extended the city’s trolley line to reach the school, located on a site where the current Maxwell operations building is located. Unfortunately, the school closed in early May because of unseasonably high winds and protracted time to bring replacement parts from the Wrights’ workshop in Dayton, Ohio. (U.S. Air Force photo)

Download Image: Full Size (0.23 MB)
Photo by: Air University History Office |  VIRIN: 180208-F-ZZ999-1001.JPG


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Since about 25 years, i am teaching saxophone and clarinet for complete beginners, also for advanced beginners. Playing in several big bands for three decades as well as in different bandprojects of jazz, funk and pop – for me it is a great pleasure to share my experience with beginning musicians (young or young at heart),who are interested in learning woodwinds and making open-minded-music.

My lessons provide a perfect mix of professional development of personal skills with the important focus of having fun with any kind of music and your instrument.

Complete Beginners

  • Advising you to find your perfect equipment of instrument, mouthpiece and reeds

  • Learning how to get the first sounds

  • Learning notes and correct fingerpositions

Advanced Beginners

  • Working on your personal sound & musical language

  • Improving your technique

  • Learning how to interprete strong melodies

  • Improvisation based on scales and chords

When & Where

Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or subject to personal arrangement in Vienna 1030.

For a surcharge of €15,-per lesson, i also offer homevisits within Vienna.
Please take note, i do not offer online lessons!

Package of 10 sax or clarinetlessons (30 minutes each): €420,-
Package of 10 sax or clarinetlessons  (60 minutes each): €600,-

All prices include exercices, handouts, recordings and everything you need for your lessons.
All prices include 20% VAT.

NEW! Book a free discovery lesson with me and fill out the contactform

Packages for 10 lessons expire after six months.

Cancellation policy

Cancellation or rescheduling must occur at least 24 hours before the agreed time or lesson will be charged in full.


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What I’ve been reading this week, 8 March 2019

I’m back from the Cape Wrath Trail! Here is my first instalment of weekly reads since my return. I’ll have more to share about my adventure soon, so watch this space…

Ramblers Scotland: Scottish Environment Act needed to protect landscape from Brexit uncertainty – “Right now, without mitigation, the prospect of Brexit threatens to burst our walking bubble – with damaging results that could impact upon our cherished landscapes.”

History Vs Hydro Power in Glen Etive – an excellent overview of the Glen Etive hydro issue, including interviews with the developer and a prominent campaigner, David Lintern.

Sunshine and Storm in the Cairngorms – Chris Townsend shares some fantastic photos and a great story from the newly re-wintered Cairngorms.

Petzl Gully v Petzl Ride: 2 ice axes, so similar but so different – an insightful review from MyOutdoors of two ice axes that will be of interest to ultralight backpackers.

14 Signs You are Carrying too Much Stuff in your Backpack – this made me laugh. (I’m currently suffering from a complaining ankle, largely due to carrying a heavy pack for 317 miles…)

4 things I learnt about winter expeditions – plenty of wisdom here from Emily Woodhouse.

The Peaklander on the Pennine Way – Mark Rickaby is walking the Pennine Way to support Mountain Rescue England and Wales.

By Alex Roddie

Award-winning outdoor and nature writer, editor, author, and photographer.

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Algarve Villa for sale
Loulé Near Vilamoura | Ref: 01-V604
Bedrooms:  5
House Area:  300 m2
Plot Area:  3 m2
Price:  1,100,000.00 | £948 276
Fantastic 5 bedroom south facing villa with pool on large Plot set in the countryside of Vale Judeu, with sea views minutes away from Vilamoura beach and Golf Courses Beyond the electric gate down the long private drive is the courtyard with garage with electric doors and ample parking spaces for six cars, Standing in approx 3.000 m2 is this impressive villa with beautifully manicured gardens. Entering by the grand double doors is a spacious hall way with feature stone staircase leading up to the master bedroom. Bedroom 1 / Morning room to the right of the entrance hall with down lighters central heating and finished to a very high standard. To the left of the entrances hall is the large lounge, with two large patio doors overlooking the pool and gardens. The lounge is fitted with subtle cornice lighting adding to the ambiance of it's splendour. The room benefits from a working fireplace but the room also has A/C and gas central heating. Through the double doors is the very large dinning kitchen which is also accessible from the hall way. This truly stunning modern kitchen is fully fitted with top of the range Bosch appliances, black and silver granite work surfaces with curved centre Island with inlaid sink and large work surface. The kitchen also has patio door leading to the pool area and overlooks the tranquil gardens. Leaving the kitchen via the hall way entrance is the guest cloakroom. Along the hall way is the main bathroom, which has been tiled with top quality tiles and fittings, with matching mirror and vanity unit. Adjacent to main bathroom is a large bedroom with fully fitted oak wardrobes, A/C and radiator Bedroom 2 is serviced by the main bathroom. Bedroom 3 is awash with light from the patio doors leading to the garden. This bedroom has five oak fully fitted wardrobes; inverter A/C units and central heating. The en suite is once again finished to a high standard. Vanity unit and matching mirror tiles and fittings are all of very good quality and great taste. Bedroom 4 has wonderful garden and pool views from the patio door leading to its own patio area. This bedroom also benefits from a five door oak fitted wardrobe with built in drawers. The en suite once again is fitted with a large vanity unit with matching mirror, enclosed shower unit, top of the range finishings and tiles. Standing in the main entrance hall is the staircase leading to the Master bedroom 5, This bedroom is very large with two sets of patio doors leading to a double patio and overlooking the full coastline, pool and garden. This master bedroom has a dressing and seating area with six oak wardrobes with built in drawers and clothes rails, Inverter A/C units and central heating. Leading from the bedroom is the very large en suite with private bathing area, enclosed shower unit, and double vanity unit with matching mirror and no expense has been spared on the quality of tiles, fixtures or fittings. Along with this property, is an adjacent urban plot of 603 sqm with ruin with private access.

Why buy Villas and Apartments in the Algarve.

The Algarve, which stretches across the southernmost part of Portugal from the border with Spain to the Cape St Vincent, the most south-westerly point in Europe is the third richest region in the country and one of Europe’s top choices for people seeking to buy a home in the sun.

The value-for-money variety makes it a magnet for real estate investors worldwide looking for opportunities to maximise their investments.

It has a strong association with the UK, as Britain’s oldest ally, and the big Portuguese communities of France, Germany and other countries including Canada mean that Algarve Villas and Apartments are in huge demand for purchase and for rental.

Algarve Real Estate is not just about buying a home in which to live, or to spend your golden retirement years, it is also about making a wise investment choice.

Approximately 10 million tourists, mainly from the UK, France and the countries of northern Europe spend their vacations in the easily accessible Algarve each year which means those millions of people are looking to rent Algarve Villas and Apartments for their summer vacations, bringing in big returns for owners.

The Western Algarve, and the town of Lagos in particular, is popular for its gorgeous beaches, beautiful coastline, and spectacular historical sites…and also for Algarve Property at much more attractive prices than the central and eastern Algarve.

More importantly, from an investment point of view, the Algarve is almost a year-round destination which means the income stream from your Algarve Villa or Apartment spans a much longer period.

The Algarve comes most alive in Spring, Summer and the early Autumn, with most holidaymakers spending their time on, or close to, the many beautiful beaches, although there are many options for the more adventurous and the thrill-seekers.

Restaurants abound, serving a wide and affordable range of desirable cuisines and wines. Luxury golf courses, nightlife, shopping malls, and shops of all kind proliferate in and around the residential areas, as so much is concentrated into the relatively small area of this wonderful part of Portugal.

But the huge numbers of golf courses on average there is roughly one every three miles along the 90-mile width of the Algarve means the region is also a popular Winter destination for golfers, making it even more desirable for people looking to buy into the lucrative Algarve Villas and Apartments market.

When Buying Algarve Real Estate there are important facts you should discuss with our vastly experienced staff at Algarve Villas for sale.

The huge range of Algarve properties for sale means there is something tailor-made to all budgets and specifications. To find the right Algarve Villas and Apartments to buy or even a plot of land to have your Algarve Homes built to your own designs and desires you should carefully consider the facts.

Portugal is a stable country where the real estate industry remains relatively strong, helped by minimal crime rates and a comparatively low cost of living. Here, too, many people prefer the convenience of working from home. Whether you are looking for an Algarve Property to work for you as rented accommodation, to resell for a higher price, or to make your home, you will never go wrong with Algarve Properties For Sale.

Also, Algarve Real Estate prices are lower compared to some other south European territories. At Algarve Villas for Sale we encourage our clients to stick to their budget to avoid any risks of financial complications. Tell us how large or small your budget to invest in your Algarve Home and we will find the right Algarve Villa or Apartment to suit your financial situation.

You should also determine in advance the specifications of the Algarve Property you plan to buy. Plan ahead, and decide what ambitions you will have for the property over the years ahead; the number of rooms you will need, the size of the kitchen, or the style of the house should all be well thought out. Our Algarve Villas for sale website can help you find the property that fits your description. You can also speak to our well-trained and experienced staff if you are not comfortable about finding a property on your own.

Algarve Property for Sale

When looking to invest in an Algarve property for sale, it is not just the price you can afford that matters. Buying a property can bring you years of peace and security if you find the one best equipped to your needs and budget. But there are other factors to contemplate before you decide which Algarve Apartment or Villa you should buy and prepare to move into, or offer for holiday rental like, why The Algarve?

As the famous English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning said: “Let me count the ways.”

The Algarve, which is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal and has an area of about 5,000 square kilometers containing 16 municipalities, is a panoramic landscape of natural beauty, with lush green meadows, blue skies, and turquoise waters.

The historical town of Lagos in particular, features gorgeous beaches and stunning vistas. But the footprint of man over the centuries has left a country steeped in historical sites and traditions, alongside a whole plethora of modern Algarve Villas and Apartments in wonderful locations.

Lagos offers direct access to fishing, sailing, water sports and excursions like Dolphin-watching and cruises out of the beautiful Marina where sailing enthusiasts can moor their boats and holidaymakers can dine or simply sip their drinks in such peaceful surroundings as they gaze over the boats nestling into their berths and across the Bensafrim River into this lovely old town.

Investing in a Western Algarve property for sale and we do have properties in and around the Marina means that you can enjoy the best of both worlds. You can live a quiet low-tempo life, yet be just a short distance from all the bustling action and entertainment. The Algarve is just bursting with restaurants serving between them a global variety of international dishes and the finest of locally-sourced seafood whilst supermarkets and mini-mercados are to be found all around the town for those times you prefer to stay in your Algarve Villas and Apartments and prepare your own food, perhaps grilling today’s catch from the fish market on your own poolside barbecue.

And because there is already a big Expat community the support services are already in place here, with companies set up to supply and service this growing community via healthcare, technical services right down to being able to go out and buy your own country’s newspapers on the day they are published to take back to your villa or apartment and read over breakfast.

You can watch UK TV programmes, eat British foods, drinking British beers alongside the wonderful domestic wines, spirits, liquors and foodstuffs so deliciously produced in Portugal.

The Algarve, without question, is one of the most beautiful destinations in Europe for holidaymakers and for people seeking a new life in the sun, yet within a mere two or three hours from their north European homelands. Little wonder why this region attracts so much attention the sandy beaches, world class hotels and infrastructure are all part of the attraction. But as a buyer you will learn that the Algarve Real Estate market boasts some of the most cost-effective properties in the world, providing such a good rental return over a longer period than many other destinations, much of it from the huge pool of 10 million tourists that visit the region every year.

If you are an investor the Algarve Real Estate market offers a breathtaking selection of all varieties of hot properties. These include Algarve villas for sale, Algarve apartments for sale and Algarve houses for sale of all types in areas both rich and exclusive; the more lively tourist areas or the quiet and more remote districts.

And if you are feeling overwhelmed by the number and variety of options available to you whatever your budget just come and talk to us at Algarve Villas for Sale.

Because we have the answers.

In summary, there is something for everyone looking for Property In The Algarve.

More Things to Consider Before You Buy an Algarve Property for Sale

Properties across many parts of Algarve can still be bought very cheaply. You can choose from a multitude of Algarve property bargains ranging from studio apartments, penthouse apartments, town houses to grand villas whatever suits your specifications. And due to the increased attraction of work-from-home careers via the Internet, many buyers have taken the opportunity to move from their home country to purchase, and live in, an Algarve property all year round. To help you find the best Algarve property for sale here are some helpful hints.

Search Online use search engines like Google simply by typing in Algarve Villas and Apartments or similar phrases. You can find a list of Algarve property for sale here on the Algarve Villas for Sale website, and save yourself a lot of your time and effort. If you are not comfortable about shopping for a property on your own, contact us and one of our staff will discuss your requirements with you.

Carefully choose the location of your Algarve Homes. Make sure that the location you settle on is where you would really want to live. Visit, and have a stroll around the area to learn more about your future place of residence. For instance see if it there are schools, restaurants, bars, shops, a church, clinic or hospital nearby as well as various kinds of recreation and entertainment suited to your tastes.

Algarve Real Estate makes sense because beautiful Portuguese properties are available at fantastic value-for-money prices and with massive holiday rental potential for those looking for opportunities to develop a healthy income.

People search for Homes For Sale in the Algarve because this amazing stretch of coastline, with its spectacular scenery and natural beauty, the incredible sense of history and tradition, boasts, on average over the years, in excess of 300 days of sunshine each year more even than California!

Algarve Villas for Sale will source for you the perfect Algarve Property for Sale to suit your requirements because our vast experience in selling Algarve Property guarantees that your investment will not become the burden that can occur if the Algarve Villas and Apartments in question do not prove the right ones for you.

When you tap into that knowledge and level of client care you will discover that our books are packed not just with Algarve Property Bargains but also the finest luxury Algarve Villas and Apartments of the highest standards.

Whether you are looking for Villas For Sale in Lagos and this area of stunning beaches, restaurants, nightlife and family entertainment, or Western Algarve Property on the relatively untouched west coast within the Vicentina National Park where blue-flagged beaches can be found alongside some of the finest surfing conditions in Europe we have just the Property For Sale In The Algarve for you.

Get in touch with us, tell us your Algarve Property requirements and we will connect you with the Algarve Villas, the Algarve Luxury Villas, or the Algarve Apartments most ideally suited to your requirements, your budget and perhaps most importantly your dreams.

Algarve Property…your best choice.

Algarve Villas for Sale…because we have a Portugal Property portfolio that puts your dream home at your fingertips, plus the experience and expertise that provides you with the key quite literally to finding your dream home in the.

Contact us for more information
Phone: + 351 282 769 150   •   Email:   •
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Newbies at the Fair...

Nixon & Ebby Lee were so excited about seeing the animals!

After preschool yesterday, we all loaded up and headed to the Texas State Fair!! Tab had been when he was younger...but other than that we were pretty much newbies to this whole Texas State Fair business. Let me tell you, it was so much better than I'd ever imagined. I don't know why we haven't gone before!
In the animal barn...Nixon didn't want to take his eyes off for a picture.

Neither did she!

Daddy bent down to stand by her, but she bent down too! ha! Posing in front of the zebras and cows. Who knew that zebras and cows got along?

This was for M. M likes we took a picture for her.

We went indoors for a little dog acrobatic show? Wasn't too impressed but it was really nice to sit down for a couple minutes. It was nice and cool in there too! And...Daddy got some popcorn so we all had a little snack.

Ride Time!! Mama & Ebby Lee on an elephant!

Not sure how Daddy captured us in the background like this, because I'm pretty sure the ride was moving when he took this??

Daddy's turn! She pointed out SEVERAL little rides that looked super boring and just went around in a circle. We talked her into this one. We hadn't seen it going, but we could tell that it looked like it would be more fun. When it started going, I could not stop laughing. It started out going pretty slow and it just kept getting faster. I just KNEW that she was probably crying (I couldn't see her face for 2 reasons. 1. It was so fast they were pretty much a blur. 2. She slumped down in the seat and I couldn't see her face.). Then after going forward. It stopped, and then did it all over again going backward. Again..I'm laughing hysterically thinking "why did we put our 2 year old on this ride without watching it first". But...when they got off Tab said that she was laughing and screaming the entire time! Whew!

I somehow managed to get a picture of them in the middle of the ride!

Then it was time for this.... I think it has some famous name, but I can't remember?

I wasn't feeling this one. I'm not a fan of heights and I kept imagine some strong wind sucking us right out between those poles. Needless to say, I was more than happy to get off!

Pretty sure she didn't get to enjoy herself too much. I was sitting next to her saying, "Do NOT move. I don't want us to fall out of here. We have to sit super still." and so on. ha!

After some fair food, we got some good seats for the parade.

Nixon-Man was waving to the sweet!

Last stop was Big Tex and then we headed back home!

We had such a fun time!! I'm already looking forward to going back to the fair next year!!

1 comment

Mix and Match Mama said...

Yay!! I'm so glad you guys finally went! I really think Nixon is starting to look a lot like you. I know he's built more like his daddy but I can really see you when I look at his precious face.


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About Us

Who We Are

AL-Jameel established it’s first showroom dealing with furniture and accessories in Qatar since 1956.
To our client, we have proven track record offering the highest caliber of creative concept in Interior Design, Contracting and Furnishing of Corporate, Retail, Residential and Project Management. For more than 60 years, our company has been inspired by artisan tradition and culture, leading us to design and create, day in and day out, furnishings and interiors that truly mirror the sophisticated desires and tastes of homeowners Qatar over.
And everything is guaranteed by the utmost attention and control during every step of the production process.

Our Services

Interior Design Services
For organizations that have selects or decides on their premises, full interior design services covers:

  •  Design Conceptualization.
  • Space Planning.
  • Materials and finishes detailing.
  • Working drawings.
  • Preparation of tender.
  • Supervision of works.
Interior Contracting
  • Additional designs and design alterations are services given to follow organizations to keep pace with changes and to provide an objective view of current circumstances versus the original objectives.

Project Management Services

  • Project Management which require for specific projects which encloses:
  • Full time project management at site
  • Tracking of all works at site
  • Coordination certification of payments
  • Checking of defects

Design & Contracting Services

  • The common interest of organizations is that both design and delivery of the project should be the sole responsibility of one party.


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03 9395 8975 | SMS 0412 522 997 [email protected]

General Dentistry

All your dental needs in one plce

General Dentistry in Point Cook Melbourne

Whether it be for a routine check up and clean or you’re looking to straighten your teeth we’ve got you covered!

Regular examinations and cleaning & polishing

It is vital for everyone to have a routine check up every 6 months. Our regular exams are key to maintaining good oral health.

During your visit we will:

  • Check for any cavities or signs of tooth decay
  • Assess your gums and look for any signs of periodontal disease
  • Check for any signs of oral cancer
  • Perform a thorough clean

We are experienced in many fields including, orthodontics, cosmetic dentistry and oral surgery. We will be more than happy to answer any query you may have and offer you great guidance.

Gum treatment

Gum disease or gingivitis is very common to see in most patients.

The best treatment and defense against gingivitis is what we call “scaling and root planing”. It includes using an ultrasonic device to remove plaque and calculus from your teeth in the hard to reach areas. It is not possible to remove calculus build up with regular brushing. Even a dentist is recommended to see a dentist for their routine clean!

By routinely having a clean every 6 months (some patints require more), we can achieve a healthy and clean environment for your gums.

If you address your gum disease before it becomes severe, regular visits to your dentist may be enough to prevent any further damage and restore your gum’s health.

Maintaining a healthy diet and using a correct brushing and flossing technique are essential in keeping your gums healthy.

We can help you look after your gums, we’re just a phone call away.

Prosthodontics | Implants | Crowns | Bridges | Dentures

To restore a healthy and beautiful smile we may advise you some prosthodontic work.

This includes:

Crowns are what some patients refer to as a ‘cap’. It is a restoration made by a lab to restore your tooth’s shape, color and strength.

It is recommended and most commonly used for broken down or weakened teeth and root canal treated teeth.

The crown is cemented ontop of your tooth and will help you chew and smile again with confidence.

There is a range of options for crowns, including porcelain crowns, gold crowns or a mix of the two.

Dental Implants

An implant is the best replacement to a missin tooth. It consists of 3 parts, a titanium implant ‘screw’ that resembles a root. A connection between the root and crown and a crown. The crown is tooth-colored and will resemble your natural tooth in function and aesthtics. An implant is an artificial tooth made of metal and porcelain that looks just like your natural tooth.

If you have multiple missing teeth, then a denture may be right for you. It is an affordable option to restoring your smile. It can also be a temporary solution till you decide to place an implant.

Root Canal Treatment

Keeping your natural teeth is the best way to maintain a healthy and natural smile. Sometimes teeth become infected and the only way to save them is through root canal therapy.

Night guards for bruxism & Sleep apnea

Excessive clenching or grinding of your teeth is what we call bruxism. It can be very detrimental to your oral heath. It can wear down your teeth, cause fillings to chip or fall off and may even lead to cracks in teeth.

Permanent damage to your teeth and joints can occur if action is not taken.

  • The causes for bruxism are not clear cut but generally:
  • Stress, physical or psychological.
  • Sleeping disorder
  • High spots on fillings or other restorations

What are some of the signs & symptoms?

  • Chronic pain and headaches caused by muscle contraction
  • Worn down tooth surfaces
  • Chipped or broken teeth
  • Stiff jaw
  • Loose teeth

What treatments are available?

There is a range of treatments for different patients. We aim to eliminate the cause and repair the damage.

A night guard (occlusal splint) is beneficial for many patients who are grinding their teeth during their sleep.

For our patients who snore or have trouble sleeping, we also offer devices for sleep apnea. It fits like a sports mouth guard and supports your jaw in a forward position. This helps you maintain an open upper airway.

If you’re unsure what you need, that is not a problem! We’re here to help and guide you.

Early Dental Care

Children aren’t born with a fear of the dentist. This is why it is crucial to see an experienced dentist who is loved by kids. Our little patients enjoy coming here because we provide them with a fun environment. We like to put their favourite cartoon on our TV to watch while we do our work. We have had many children unwilling to go home after their visit!

It is important to bring your child in by their first birthday. We make sure their teeth are growing correctly and instil good oral hygeine habits in them as they grow.

By having a regular connection with their dentist every 6-12 months, they can prevent tooth decay and maintain a good oral hygiene.

We also are experienced in orthodontics. That means we will be constantly monitoring your child at every visit to ensure they are growing and developing their jaw and teeth in the right manner. This may be able to prevent braces all together!

Does my private health insurance cover these treatments? Does my medicare voucher (Child Dental Benefit scheme) work here?

If you have extras cover on your health insurance plan, then you will be able to claim most procedures. It is best to check with your health insurance if you are on a waiting period.

We accept the Child Dental Benefit scheme. Most treatments can be claimed under this scheme including, check ups, cleans, fillings and tooth extractions. To find out if you’re eligible please give us a call and have your medicare card ready.

Want to smile with confidence?

Contact us today!

7 + 5 =

03 9395 8975

0412 522 997

office hours

Monday- Friday 9am - 6pm

Saturday 9am - 1pm

15 Kenswick St

Point cook 3030

Inside Tribeca Village


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Lesson 4: The Solomon Islands

The Solomon Islands is a group of about a thousand volcanic islands and atolls that covers an area of 11,000 square miles in the sea just east of Papua New Guinea.

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Melanesians are believed to have inhabited the Solomon islands for several thousand years, living independently until initial Spanish settlement in the late mid-1500s led, slowly, to visits by British Christian missionaries in the mid-1800s. Once the British established a formal political presence and declared the southern Solomons a protectorate in 1893 the missionaries had much more success converting the population to Christianity. Solomon Islanders, some already scarred as victims of “blackbirding” as described above, (the following link is primarily for grown-ups) didn’t all welcome missionaries and colonial authorities with open arms. Still, many islanders did convert to Christianity and British and Australian firms welcomed them with open arms…at least as low wage workers on coconut plantations.

The Solomon Islands were still firmly under British colonial control in the 1942 when the Japanese, still inspired by their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, began to establish themselves on the Solomon Islands’ most populous island, Guadalcanal. Americans expelled the Japanese but the Japanese fought back; the Battle of Guadalcanal lasted for an incredibly bloody six months. After securing Guadalcanal the Allies used it as an essential base in their continued war against Japan.

After the Japanese surrendered in 1945 the British regained control and established Honiara as the capital of The Solomon Islands. Not only was economic reconstruction after the War slow, but the introduction of Western machinery and, frankly, Westerners themselves was a severe shock to many Solomon Islanders. The British became less determined to keep the islands and eventually granted them independence in 1978. The Solomon Islands chose to remain a member of the British Commonwealth with the British monarch as formal head of state.

But all was not well. Honiara was home to many ethnic Malaitans and immigrants from other islands. In 1998 Istabu militants (the prime ethnic group in Guadalcanal) attacked Malaitan settlers, accusing them of taking Istabu jobs. The Malaita Eagle Force rose in response, and soon enough there was a full-fledged war between the Eagle Force and the Istabus that ultimately resulted in a Malaitan-led coup. Though the term is generally agreed to be an oversimplification, many in The Solomon Islands refer to the war as “the ethnic conflict.” In 2003 the Solomons’ parliament approved international intervention by other Pacific powers (Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Papua New Guinea) and there has since been an uneasy peace. In 2009 South African Bishop Desmond Tutu helped set up an island Truth and Reconciliation Commission to help citizens address the most difficult days.

Are those difficult days in the past, or is there more trouble to come? Though the ethnic fighting has calmed, the peace is still uncertain and new. The Solomon Islands is currently one of the poorest nations in the Pacific; 75% of Solomon Islanders are subsistence farmers or fish to feed their families. The government continues to sputter; allegations of corruption keep leading to coups. To add insult to injury, in 2007 there was a major earthquake and a large tsunami. Still the Solomon Island tourist bureau beckons: “Enjoy your piece of paradise…,” calls their website. “We may be worlds apart, but only hours away.”

More information:

Wikipedia on The Solomon Islands | Everyculture’s Solomon Islands overview | HistoryLearningSite.co.uk’s narrative of the Battle of Guadalcanal | (some grownups-only content here) The Solomon Islands has a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address unsavory episodes in its not-too-distant past.

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Peanut anaphylaxis declining in children, overall food-related anaphylaxis still a concern: C-CARE

Peanut anaphylaxis declining in children, overall food-related anaphylaxis still a concern: C-CARE

Anaphylaxis to peanut has significantly decreased in children over the past six years, according to a new Canadian study that measured anaphylaxis rates for the nine most common food allergens.

“Our study showed a significant decline in the number of children coming to the hospital with anaphylaxis to peanut,” says lead researcher Dr. Moshe Ben-Shoshan, a pediatric allergist and immunologist at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC) and at the Montreal Children’s Hospital, and an assistant professor of Pediatrics at McGill University.

“We found that the rate of reactions in children with a known peanut allergy did not significantly change; however, there was a significant decline in reactions among children with no known history of peanut allergy. Therefore, we believe it is possible that the current guidelines recommending early introduction of peanut are responsible for this decrease.”

The researchers collected data from 1,405 food-induced anaphylaxis cases seen at the Montreal Children’s Hospital (MCH) between 2011 and 2017, as part of the nationwide Cross-Canada Anaphylaxis REgistry (C-CARE) – a project of the Allergy, Genes and Environment Network (AllerGen).

The research, published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, also found that anaphylactic reactions to tree nut significantly increased, and that there were no significant changes in rates of anaphylaxis for other food allergens assessed (milk, egg, soy, fish, shellfish, sesame, and wheat).

“It’s possible that the increase in tree nut-induced reactions is related to increased consumption of tree nuts in plant-based diets,” said study first-author Bruce Thomas Miles, an Engineering student at McGill University, “or it may be due to cross-contamination, which is still common within this food group.”

“From 2011 to 2015, there were no significant increases in all food-induced reactions among Emergency Department visits at the MCH,” commented Dr. Ben-Shoshan. “However, between 2015 and 2017 there was a significant increase of 6.32%.”

“This is concerning and indicates that ongoing education and vigilance is required.”

Press release


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Allina Health Clinical Student and Onsite Faculty Template

Please use the below message as a template for your Allina Health clinical student as a resource for onboarding.

Dear Allina Health Clinical Student or Onsite Faculty,

You have an approved clinical experience with Allina Health. A preliminary roster has been sent to Allina Health to initiate your student onboarding.

Please review the below link that provides all required onboarding processes and timelines before your clinical start.

Allina Health Student and Onsite Faculty Onboarding Requirements

*Any questions regarding your onboarding status can be sent to


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Git Along Little Dogies (1937)

Genres - Western  |   Sub-Genres - Musical Western  |   Release Date - Mar 27, 1937 (USA - Unknown)  |   Run Time - 60 min.  |   Countries - United States   |   MPAA Rating - NR
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Review by Hans J. Wollstein

Although more variety show than B-Western, Git Along Little Dogies does have beautiful Kernville location photography and an especially slimy villain in former leading man Weldon Heyburn. Action fans, however, may be greatly dismayed by a prolonged radio broadcast involving such weird Depression era acts as Will & Gladys Ahern and the Maple City Four, not to mention The Cabin Kids, an African-American harmony group featuring a young lad more intent on fidgeting than joining an otherwise heartfelt rendition of "After You're Gone" -- much to the uninhibited amusement of Gene Autry and leading lady Judith Allen. The latter, a Joan Crawford look-alike, is fine as the story's irrepressible heroine even if she does seem slightly out of place among the sagebrush.


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We offer private catering services for any occasion, special events such as weddings, parties or any other event that is required.

This service requires a minimum of 50 people.

For more information, please contact us.

Chef Quetzalcoatl Zurita is proud of his cultural roots and offers a unique gastronomic experience through a visit to the municipal market of Puerto Escondido, where senses are delighted with folklore and color of this majestic place.

"In the market you can see vendors and artisans that sell products truly from the region and that come from  our land and from the Pacific Ocean. The greatness of this market is that whenever you visit there is something new to show. Whereby to share how to taste and appreciate the greatness of our gastronomy and our people is something I would like to show every visitor. "

Chef Quetzalcoatl Zurita , 2016

* This service is only available on Saturday mornings. If you would like to recieve more information, please contact us.

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A perfect trike for getting exercise, going to the store, or getting across town: the Trail is versatile trike with medium to upright seat angle. If speed is not your main objective, but getting out is, it's hard to beat the Trail.

In case you noticed the similarities, the Trail and Villager are very closely related. The main difference is the Trail's lower seat-height. Almost every other aspect is exactly the same. Which means: if you are looking for a trike to take exercise or get to the store, the Trail is the better choice, provided you can get down into the Trail's lower seat.

The lower seat is more stable and gives you a more ergonomic and efficient pedaling position.

The Trail borrows heavily from its more expensive siblings in the Catrike lineup:

  • stability -- due to its low center of gravity and wide-ish wheel-track
  • easily replaced parts --by use of standard BMX 20" wheel-sizes
  • top-quality components -- bar-end shifters and 30-speed drivetrain as standard equipment
  • lots of extra value -- like included rear fender, headlight mount, computer-sensor mount, and mirror mount.

Trail expands on Catrike's signature space frame with:

  • seat adjustability: see the world with the upright seat angle, or get maximum efficiency with the fully laidback seat angle
  • direct steering with adjustable damping: lightweight and responsive
  • stiffness-enhanced peace boom: extra strong and efficient

The Trail can be fitted with a larger, more efficient wheel using dropout extenders. This increases pedaling efficiency, raises the gearing for higher speeds, and lengthens the trike for additional stability.

Catrike models
Catrike models

Product features:

Other Catrike recumbent trike

Catrike has built a just-in-time manufacturing plant in the USA producing top-quality aluminum recumbent trikes in a wide array of capabilities.

Other recumbent trike brands


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Sen. Andrew Jones pre-files prescription opioids patient education bill

State Sen. Andrew Jones, R-Centre, is working to establish an opioid education system for patients prescribed the drug through a bill he pre-filed on March 4, 2019.

“The Alabama fourth Congressional District, which includes a majority of my State Senate district, had the highest rate of opioid abuse in the nation, coming in at a staggering 166 prescriptions per 100 people, according to a Harvard University study based on 2016 prescription numbers,” Jones said.

Jones has seen many patients prescribed opioids become addicted, stating that they initially need them for serious medical reasons but fall victim to the disease unconsciously. He wants this bill to help patients be educated on how to use the drugs in order to prevent more addiction cases with prescribed opioids.

“The bill will increase patient awareness and empower patients to explore alternatives through a conversation with their doctor,” Jones said.

Through the bill, patients could be informed about the risks of addiction and overdose, the reason for a required prescription, other treatments available and more.

Written By

Mikayla Burns is an intern at the Alabama Political Reporter.

Alabama physicians are prescribing lower and safer dosages of opioids to prescribed patients.

Roberts is an advocate for medical marijuana with experience in Holistic Integrative Therapy, EMDR, CBT and life coaching.

Drug overdose deaths in Alabama were up 31 percent in 2020 over 2019, but the state was not alone.

When a doctor prescribes a prescription, they usually tell you to take the whole thing and not to stop just because the symptoms go...


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Alabama Republicans praise decision to drop case against Flynn

Thursday, Timothy Shea, U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, made the announced that the government was dropping its case against former General Michael Flynn. The Justice Department made the announcement in a 20-page court filing. The news of the dismissal was welcomed by many Alabama Republicans.

“GOOD WORK, AG BARR!” former Senator Jeff Sessions (R) wrote on social media. “It has become clear that James Comey (who President Trump fired on my recommendation) was masterminding a perjury trap for General Flynn before I was AG, despite NO valid predicate for targeting him.”

“Comey even BRAGGED that he sent agents to Flynn, in violation of the rules,” Sessions continued. :This was a huge injustice. I worked to CLEAN UP corruption at DOJ, including by firing Andy McCabe & recommending Pres. Trump fire Comey. AG Barr continues to make progress restoring the Dept of Justice!”

“General Flynn has shown himself to be a man of courage and integrity, and I pray that God restores him and his family, as He has mine,” said congressional candidate former State Rep. Barry Moore (R-Enterprise) who compared Flynn’s ordeal to his own acquittal for perjury. “God Bless General Flynn. He’s a shining example of how in the end, the good guys do win.”

Trump national finance committee member former State Rep. Perry O. Hooper Jr. (R-Montgomery) urged the Trump Administration to bring Gen. Flynn back as National Security Advisor, the post he was in when he got caught up in the Russian collusion investigation, or as Director of the FBI,

“General Flynn’s prosecution was a politically motivated set up.” Said Congressman Mo Brooks (R-Huntsville) wrote. “It was a miscarriage of justice and a shameless attempt at undermining America’s duly elected president by partisan federal government employees. As I’ve said before, every single federal government official who misused America’s justice system in the attempted coup against President Trump ought to be jailed to the maximum extent of the law. They’ve committed serious crimes that ought to have serious consequences.”

Over 2,000 former Department of Justice employees have signed a petition demanding that Barr resign as a result of the Flynn exoneration.

Advertisement. Scroll to continue reading.

Moore is a Republican primary runoff candidate in First Congressional District while Sessions is running for Senate in the same Republican primary runoff election in July.

Written By

Brandon Moseley is a former reporter at the Alabama Political Reporter.

A report in Rolling Stone, quoting two potential witnesses, names Brooks and a handful of Republican congressmen.

Pointing out Brooks' history in the last Senate race he entered, Durant said Brooks can't get to 50 percent, even with Trump's endorsement.

Currently, Taylor is the third vice president of the National Federation of Republican Women.

One day into his U.S. Senate campaign, Durant called into question Brooks' career as a politician and his support of the military.


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57818 Lergo Artillery Crew

Alternative Armies

SKU: 58718u

Trolkin with an aptitude for fire and accuracy are assigned to the Lergo Artillerie batteries to man field guns and mortars in the service of the Ferach Emperor Mordred. They are classes as Gunners.

Here are your choices for Flintloque (Skirmish) and Slaughterloo (Unit) players from this 28mm metal miniatures code:

57818 Lergo Artillery Crew
This unit pack contains six one piece 28mm white metal miniatures and two grey tone resin 28mm limber beasts with separate white metal horns for a total of eight miniatures. This is a Trolkin artillery crew composed of an Officer (arms folded), Match (lit and pointing), Rammer (kneeling and pointing), Sponger (sponge and bucket), Ball (with cannon ball) and Trailspike (with wooden pole). Two identical Muskox's in limber harness suitable for pulling any field gun. Each Trolkin is larger and bulkier than an Elf and stands 30mm to eye level while a Muskox is 40mm long.

These miniatures are supplied without bases and are supplied unpainted.  You have the option of purchasing a unit pack as outlined. All these miniatures are from this code. Select your option on this page. Assembly is required with most miniatures.


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New website launching soon! Now open at unit 33 Royal Quays, North Shields - shop with us 7 days a week online or in-store!

Bio D Concentrated Washing Powder 1kg

Fragrance free, non-biological Washing Powder by Bio-D which is accredited by Allergy UK; its hypoallergenic, concentrated formula is highly effective while gentle on even the most sensitive skin. Contains non-polluting zeolites, and can be used in automatics, twin-tubs and for washing by hand.

  • Mixes instantly
  • Can be used in hot or cool water
  • Ideal for delicates and fine fabrics
  • Works at low temperatures
  • Contains no optical brighteners
  • Bio D Products are ethcially sound, safe to use and have minimum impact on the environment
  • All of Bio D's containers are BPA free, made from 100% recycled materials and are 100% recyclable
  • Vegan Society Approved
  • Leaping Bunny Approved
  • Made in the UK

Ingredients: 15-30%: Zeolite, Sodium Carbonate 5-15%: Sodium Percarbonate. Below 5%:Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate, Anionic Surfactant, Soap

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