text:
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Irondale Youth Hockey Association
Board Meeting: Thursday, September 18, 2008 at 6:30 p.m.
at the New Brighton Family Service Center, New Brighton, MN.
Address: IYHA, PO Box 120114, New Brighton, MN   55112 Website:

From President (Tom Lucarelli):

Hi again,

I'm sure you're as thankful as I am that the kids are back in school! The summer break was fun but I think it was time they got back to the books and the schedule.

Our tryouts will be taking place mid-month; good luck to all of our skaters. Tryouts can be very stressful times for some kids so please remember to encourage your Knight to do their best and to have fun -- it's still just a game.

A couple of reminders: if you have any used equipment that you're kids have outgrown, please consider donating it back to the association. Anything we can do to keep costs down for fellow members is always appreciated.

Get involved and promote IYHA for the benefit of everyone.

See you at the rink,

From Boys Coordinator (Mark Rupp):

1. The coaches selection committee has met and they started to interview prospective coaches on Wednesday September 3rd.  Their goal is to have coaches identified before warm ups and try outs begin.

2. An updated try out process will be posted on the IYHA website soon.

3. Calling all hockey players, if you know of anyone who played last year, ask them if they are registered for this year.  If they say no, ask them why.  We need everyone who played last year and is eligible this year to sign up.

4. We are full steam ahead for the upcoming fall season.

Coaches Selection Committee Update

While the work of this committee is ongoing, we felt an update to the community is in order.  The committee has finished interviewing all Bantam candidates who had submitted their names with interest in coaching at this level.  All Bantam coaching candidates were subjected to the same series of questions in the same interview format.  After careful thought, consideration and even more discussion, the committee unanimously agreed to the decision below.

Due to the low registration numbers we are currently experiencing at the Bantam level, we feel it is only prudent to name one coach at this time.  We are very excited to introduce Tyler Fitzel as our Bantam coach.  Tyler will be a positive addition to our Irondale family.  As you see him around the rinks, please welcome him.

More update will be coming your way as they are warranted.

Mark Rupp

IYHA Boys Coordinator

From Registration Coordinator (Jeanne Falconer):

Registration is still open.  Please remember that your registration isn't complete until the registration payment, volunteer deposit, Consent to Treat and Code of Conduct forms are received.  Thank you to all of you who have registered.

From Web Master (Torri Johnson):

Website News

Registration:  Thank you to people who sent suggestions and comments about the online registration process.  Because of your feedback, the process has gotten easier and faster as we have gone along and will be even better for next year.  For those of you who registered in August, thanks for plodding through it and you should know that it will be much more user friendly for you next time.

As we start the season, you may wonder how the website can help you:

Automatic Reminders:  Automatic reminders will be sent to you for practices and for games.  The default setting is to turn it on, but you have ultimate control over this feature.  Just sign in using the Edit my Account button along the bottom of the left hand side of the home page.

Rosters:  Electronic Rosters will be created for each team.  To the public, only the first name and last initial of players will be shown and no personal information (address/phone number) will be seen.  By signing in (Edit My Account), you will have access to your team's information and rosters.  If you marked your personal information as Private, that information will not be on the team's roster.  If you mark it as Roster, it will be seen on the roster but only be available to other team members.  If you mark it as Public, IYHA has a system override to make it a Roster designation anyway.  The security of your personal information is very important to everyone in the Association and the website works very hard to make sure it stays secure according to your wishes.

Calendars:  Now is a good time to remind you of your scheduling options.  The Master Schedule on the left hand side of the home page is a good place to see all schedules for all teams.  The calendar on the right is another way to see what events are happening.  If the date is shaded, there is something scheduled.  Click on the date and you will get the master schedule.  Team schedules will be loaded into the system as they are finalized and the ability to look at multiple schedules (for more than one team) and download schedules into Outlook or other calendars are already built into the website.  Specific instructions will be posted as the season starts.

Bulletins:  Information will be posted on the home page and sometimes a bulletin will be sent also to your email.  Keep checking the home page for new information or subscribe to an RSS feeder by clicking on the orange button.

Exchange:  Post items you have for sale (hockey related please), items you are looking for, or even items you lost at the rink.  Click on the Exchange button on the left hand side of the home page.

Hockey Parents Tab:  Information for Hockey Parents is posted along the top of the website under the Hockey Parents Tab.  There is information on medical issues, hockey stories, hockey videos and fun projects.  If you have anything to add to that section, let the Website Administrator know by using the Feedback button.

As always, your feedback is welcome.  This is your website and it should be meaningful for you.  The fastest way to provide feedback is by clicking on the Feedback button on the left hand side of the home page.

Save the Date – Saturday, September 27th

IYHA Equipment Swap and Pancake Breakfast at Moes!

* More details coming very soon *

From Equipment Manager (Tom Johnson):

I would like to announce a date for an equipment outfitting and donation.  It will be on Wednesday, September 17th, from 5:30pm to 8:00pm.  If needed, I will add another date in the future.

Thanks, Tom

Please Note:  The IYHA Board Meeting for September

will start at the regular 6:30pm time.

IYHA Board Meetings are open meetings.

Please feel free to come to the meetings. If you wish to have a copy of any information which is distributed at any meeting, please email or call Jean Aukee and it will be mailed to you. Upcoming dates for 2007/2008 Board meetings are the

third Thursday of every month at 6:30 p.m.  Our meetings are held at the New Brighton Family Service Center.

Meetings will be: October, November, December, January, February, March, April, May, June, July and August.

NOTE: If you wish to be on the agenda for the meeting, please contact the IYHA President.

Lake Region Board Meetings:

Lake Region Hockey meetings are open meetings. Contact Theresa Spiering for dates and times of the next meetings.

Sponsors for teams are listed below. This part of the newsletter will continue throughout the rest of the IYHA season. Please notify Jean Aukee of any additions or corrections. (Please forward information about websites and addresses, etc.) Many thanks to our sponsors!

IYHA: **Lake Region Hockey Association**, **Moes**, **Champps**, **Katies**, **Make It Big Photos**, **Our Bar and Grill**, **Big 10 Tavern** and ** Dave’s Sport Shop.

Team Sponsorships:

Pee Wee A:

Pee Wee C:

Squirt B:

Once again, many, many thanks to our sponsors! Please support them!

When you see them, please tell them you are from Irondale Youth Hockey.

                Irondale Youth Hockey Association (IYHA) Board Members 2007-2008

Tom Lucarelli

Vice President

Monica Crandall

763-234-9316 (c)

Theresa Spiering

763-780-4548 (h)

Jean Aukee

763-783-8561 (h)

Ice Commissioner

Jackie Rog

651-636-6978 (h)

Boys Program Coordinator

Mark Rupp

651-269-3027 (h & c)

Girls Program Coordinator

Mike Nundahl

651-633-8287 (h)

Initiation Coordinator

Bob Gabler

651-697-4708 (h)

Tom Johnson

Jeanne Falconer

763-458-5946 (cell)

651-486-1235 (w)

District Representative

Chris Drews

651-329-3124 (cell)

Non-Board Position:

ACE Coordinator

Tadd Tuomie and Player Development Committee

Irondale Youth Hockey Association August Meeting Minutes:

IYHA Meeting Board Meeting:  August 21, 2008.  Note: These minutes have not been approved. They will be reviewed, corrected as needed, and approved at the next regular Board of Directors Meeting.

Called to order at 6:05 p.m. by Vice President Monica Crandall.

Board Members Present:  Jean Aukee, Monica Crandall, Theresa Spiering, Jackie Rog, Chris Drews, Bob Gabler, Mike Nundahl, Tom Johnson, Mark Rupp and Jeanne Falconer

Board Members Absent:  Tom Lucarelli

Guests:  Rick LaPorte, Colin Crandall, Paul Dulin, John Donovan, Dale Aukee and Torri Johnson

Agenda:  Motion to accept meeting agenda as presented (JR) (TS); all accepted; motion carried.

Minutes:  Motion to accept board meeting minutes as presented (TS) (MR); all accepted; motion carried.

Old Business:

A.       Budget Review – Theresa – see hand out – yellow numbers same as last year – green updated by board member.  Next year’s budget will look more like a tax return.  It won’t be by board member but rather by function – i.e. supplies. Because we are a non profit, our expenses and revenue should match and zero each other out.  The amount for team billings is unknown so she entered a plug number so it would balance.  She spent less than $1000 for the treasurer laptop and software.  Still needs Quick Books not Quicken – $170 to $400 – maybe $200?  Torri has a version at home that Theresa can have.  She may need to spend $50 to upgrade it.  We need our IYHA accounting system formalized.  May not need MAP to help as much in the future but for now they are giving us a lot of needed attention.  We need to review the budget items and attempt to approve the budget.  All team accounts should be returned to $25 each year.  (See Theresa and Jean’s notes on copies of budget for changes discussed.)  Given the noted changes to budget by TS and JA, Bob made a motion to approve the budget as amended (JF and MN second) all accepted; motion carried.

B.       Audit Review – Executive Committee Written Responses – Jean presented what the executive committee and Bob wrote up as responses to the Audit Review – Jackie questioned how the overage money will be spent – that was not discussed at this meeting.  These were more procedural recommendations.  Chris Drews will still work on the details for his sessions.

New Business

a.     Election Process – Chris was not present until later, so this will be moved to next month’s meeting.

b.     ACE Coordinator – Chris mentioned that per District 1 we (our President?) needs to appoint an ACE Coordinator for our association.

c.         Volunteer Deposit and Online Registration – Paul Dulin – here on behalf of he and his wife Heidi – last 2 board meetings this was discussed and he wasn’t here – the volunteer amount raised from $150 to $200 and hours changed from 6 to 12 – last year all checks were returned – did volunteer checks get returned to people who didn’t pay ice bills?  Don’t know and not related to this.  Most assns do this kind of program –checks won’t be cashed – principal issue – all board members and Torri should be exempt but they are not – why time doubled if all checks received – Torri read off all the tasks that can be included in the volunteer hours this year – Paul thinks there are families that can’t put in 12 hours – exceptions may be made – continued discussion about what other assns do – team penalties – some families don’t want to volunteer and are OK with us cashing their checks and that’s wonderful – more discussion ensued.  Possible suggestions for next year – once coaches are rostered their checks could be returned, jersey repairs could be added to volunteer list of tasks, and checks could be returned when volunteer duties are done if needed.

d.        Player Clinic and the Contractor – Jackie – contract needs to be signed next month – Mark will address in his roundtable.  Skills clinics – need to know ice hours – will also be discussed in Mark’s roundtable.

Board Roundtable:

President: Tom Lucarelli. – not present, see questions sent to Jean – Mark will address these in his roundtable.

Questions to be asked for Tom L in his absence:

Evaluators - who will be doing the tryout evaluations this year?  Has a company been hired or will it be individuals?  Do we know what will the cost be – not a concern just curious?

Warm-ups - why will there be 3 warm ups after tryouts?  What about kids that need to miss some of the first 3?

Because switched tryouts to be before warm-ups now each level has a tryout on a Wednesday night (Religion, Confirmation) instead of warm-up.

How do these changes impact the football schedule?

Coaches – Have the coaches selection committees been formed if more than 1 applicant for a level?

Vice President: Monica Crandall. – Monica needs to get a check to Heidi and Paul for parade expenses – gave receipts to Theresa to pay.  Monica has volunteer information – fundraising committee is looking for help – put on website and send out email.  Back to school nights going well – most schools covered except Bel Aire.  Need flyers to give out – Jeanne will talk about this during her roundtable.

Secretary: Jean Aukee.
– Reminder that input for the newsletter is due on the 1st of each month.  If you don’t have anything, please reply to my email saying that.  If you have a written report that can be emailed to me for the minutes, please do so.  Thanks.

Treasurer: Theresa Spiering. – Theresa talked enough about the budget and she has nothing left to add.

Girls Program Coordinator: Mike Nundahl. – Mike continues to work on a co-op with SLP for 14U.  Planning coaches meeting.  Looking at A or B team for 12U.  New people interested in coaching and new girls interested in playing.  Get girls registered so know numbers.  Mike will send information to Monica and Paul because they are working on the Back to School Nights.

Initiation Program Coordinator: Bob Gabler
. – Meeting this Saturday with Theresa to finalize mite accounts.  10 initiation coaches – talk about levels and recruitment.  Would like list of who registered to date so can find those who haven’t registered yet.

Boys Program Coordinator: Mark Rupp. – Mark’s actual notes are below.  Here are just a few additions:  Mark asked Torri to send him the tryout process from the website – she will email it to Jean (for secretary records) and Mark.  Selection committee hopes to have coaches announced before tryouts – at least by age level (squirts, peewees and bantams), perhaps not by team level (A, B or C).  Mark will provide board with coach’s manual for their review.  Question - with no B squirts, can our kids be waived out to play on another district 1 B team?  Yes, that’s a District 1 rule.  Tom M would need to waive them out of our district.

Thank you to everyone for their thoughts, prayers and kind words during these last 45 days during my mothers’ terminal illness and subsequent passing.  Some have stepped up to do various tasks, and I thank those as well.

Warm up and try out schedules – The schedule is complete and has been posted and distributed.  The schedule tries very hard to take into account a number of conflicts.  Jeff Martin (Irondale High School Boys Hockey team coach) will be running this years warm ups.  He will also be on the ice for our try outs as well.  Try outs this year will be between two sets of ice times.  The second set of ice times is pretty exciting as Jeff and his staff has agreed to run age appropriate High School type practices.

Evaluators – We will have independent evaluators for all our try outs this fall.  These folks will have no relationship with Irondale.

Coaches – A coach selection committee is very close to being formed.  It will comprise of 5 members, Tom Lucarelli, Mike Martinjako, Jeff Martin, myself and one additional person.  Our task will be to interview all coaching candidates and make appropriate choices for our kids.  The goal is to have all head coaches identified before try outs begin.

Team Tournaments – Tournaments have been identified for all teams at all levels.  We have yet to register for any of these tournaments yet, except for ones we host, but will register our teams soon.  The main goal was to identify tournament where of kids have a very good chance to compete.

Levels of play – I think these have already been verbalized, but to confirm them: (Bantam A/C, Peewee A/B/C, Squirt A/C).  These were determined with careful thought and consideration to a number of factors, one of which is where our kids can compete.

Coach’s manual - As stated at earlier meetings, we will have one this year.  One is very close to being finished.  This manual will contain many things to support our coaches.  However one important item is a list of appropriate skill sets from USA Hockey for each level of play.  These will be expected to be introduced and taught at each level so as kids advance throughout the various levels, subsequent coaches will have an expectation of what kids will have already been taught.   It will be kind of like building blocks.  All our coaches will need to agree to the manual contents and sign off on it.

District Representative: Chris Drews. – see his report below (with some of my additions):

All, we have the opportunity to have a league consisting of district 1 and district 3 for Bantam A,B,C and Peewee A&B.  This would be a home and home schedule.  Squirt A&B would play everyone once or an unbalanced schedule depending on team count at each level.

We need an ACE coordinator - someone who is the go to for coaching – Tom L needs to appoint?

We need to inventory our HEP material and report to Terry Evavold – if we don’t have anything or we used it, we can just say that and we will get new stuff

Need # of Players at each level – need for MN hockey

MN hockey pushing for a Parent code of conduct – too much paper work for what it is worth – Chris will vote no on our behalf – or suggest adding it to the player code of conduct

Oct 4th at Herb Brooks Center, New Parent welcome to Hockey and what to expect, also level 1 certification - FREEBIE

We have $500 for marketing again so get me some receipts

We host Bantam A and U14B regionals.

We host Junior Gold State

Ref fees have gone up for the upcoming season

We are only allowed a maximum of 4 scrimmages in conjunction with tryouts, see Chris if you want to know how to possibly get around this

Jackie question for Chris – how does DIST 3 schedule games?  Chris will find out and let her know.

Ice Commissioner: Jackie Rog.  – things are rolling along – done super rink and shoreview splits – confirming information – some NE (Edison?) ice and some Coliseum ice – also looking at Augsburg and U of M lists – will take ice to the calendar and then look at tournaments and make sure things shake out – ice costs – SSR is $185, Ramsey County is $155 to $165 and Coliseum and U of M are $185.  Waiting to here from Chris Drews regarding old fashioned game scheduling – see Chris D email - DIST 3 (A and B) and DIST 1 (C would stay).

Registration Coordinator: Jeanne Falconer. –- Will we be having another in person registration?  Yes, at the Let’s Try Hockey Event on September 14th (Monica will send details to Torri).  Jackie will rent meeting room – board members will be there with laptops – older kids out there with new kids.  Needs to be communicated – need someone to deliver flyers to schools – flyers need to be approved – don’t want to send things out first week – do half page flyers.  Jeanne needs to check PO Box – make sure we are getting all the registration payments and paperwork.  Also need to get all coaches to sign the screening forms and get them to Jeanne.  Is IYHA going to place an ad in the Boy’s (and Girl’s) IHS program again?  Can wait and decide in September at next meeting.  Would be $100 for a full page ad.  Mike N made a motion to support the boys and girls HS programs by donating $100 to each program – JR second – all approved; motion carried.

Equipment Manager: Tom Johnson. – Socks and Initiation Program jerseys coming soon.  New equipment program - 10 people will be fitted at Dave’s – any additional ones for $75 from Dave’s (that the assn could buy).  Another offer from Dave’s can get skates for $40.  Tom will have an equipment exchange in the future.  Torri thinks we have 3 or 4 new families already registered.  Should we give it to the first 10 new skaters?  Should we add it to the school flyer that Dave’s will outfit the first so many new skaters and then only $75 for the next ones.  We should tell the families that already registered that they will be offered that equipment – names will be sent to Tom Johnson – new skater to IYHA and only one per family.  Tom – old goalie equipment should be used – instead of doing a garage sale – give out to anyone to use at home.  Dan Marcoullier reviewed the goalie stuff to see what should be used and what shouldn’t.  Tom will give Jean the back up key to the storage room at Bright Wood.

Standing Reports:

Player and Coach Development: Mark Rupp. –– Mark’s actual notes are below.  Here are just a few additions:  Tadd’s contract should be reviewed at the next board meeting in September.  The Player and Coach Development Committee will be more structured this year.  Should the skills clinic position be advertised from year to year instead of just using Tadd?  There was a 5 year commitment to the program not necessarily to Tadd – process should be started in February of next year – this is the 3rd year of this program – how do we measure the success of the clinics?  Need some kind of continuation of the committee – results are tangible – committee members should be able to subjectively measure if it is working – Jeff O is the current chair – communicate when next meeting will be if others may want to attend – core committee meetings in addition to meetings with the membership – Jackie wants the committee’s dreams to come true this year.

I have spoken to some members informally and for the most part are eager to participate again.  I also plan to add at least 1 new member (Mike Martinjako).  I also have spoken to Tadd Tuomie who has agreed to do our skills clinics again this year.  Our committee will be sitting down with Tadd to map out this strategy.  Tadd’s contract will be modeled after his prior year contracts, but with some modifications.  This new contract will be coming before the board at a future meeting.   Current members are Jeff Opperman, Jeff Martin, Mark Hentges, Bob Gabler, Mike Nundahl, and I.

Lake Region: Jeanne Falconer. – Niki sent annual reports to Jeanne because none of us were at LR meeting (due to registration in person night) – no income because we are being taxed so high on pull tabs etc – she passed them around for us to see – Mark and Mary Ann will attend the September meeting – please bring questions for them – Rick McKelvie retiring his position – Sue Kranz will take over that position – we need to vote her in  - Bob G made a motion to accept Sue Kranz as the new LR member (CD second) – all approved, motion carried.  Is Mr Dalnes still going to be a member? Yes.  We had a poster from LR set up at registration night – we used to get $50,000 to $80,000 in the olden days.

Fundraising Committee:  Monica Crandall. – Rich will be the chair – meeting Sept 8th.  Colleen Law will be our liaison to the assn for the Moes association fundraiser on the 27th.  We can pick her brain for ideas – someone needs to contact her – Rich or Monica.

Additional business:

Torri – how often want information out of the registration system?  Weekly if changes.  Torri needs all our information for registration etc. more timely so can be out on the website – please send an email regarding returning players need to register by August 31st – need to know team numbers – need to have money in - Edison can register with us per Tom Mickus.

Motion to adjourn meeting (TS) (BG); motion carried. Meeting adjourned at 9:09 p.m.

Would you like to have something published in the newsletter? Please contact Jean Aukee. Would you like something on the Web Site? Contact Torri Johnson at Information you share is helpful in keeping our members up to date about activities of the Irondale Youth Hockey Association! (The deadline for the next month’s newsletter is the first of each month.) Thank you!


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The Adversary (2002)

Based on the 2000 book of the same name by Emmanuel Carrère, it is inspired by the real-life story of Jean-Claude Romand. L'Adversaire's protagonist Jean-Marc Faure (Auteuil) pursues an imaginary career as a doctor of medicine in a plot more closely based on Romand's life and Carrère's book than was Laurent Cantet's 2001 film L'Emploi du Temps. The film was nominated for a Palme d'Or at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.

  • Nicole Garcia

  • Nicole Garcia
  • Frédéric Bélier-Garcia

Release Date: 2002-08-28
themoviedb icon 6.9/10
  • Country: FR, CH
  • Language: Français
  • Runtime: 129
Write one

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Home / Android / Tips you Need to know for Facebook Messenger

Tips you Need to know for Facebook Messenger

Facebook is the most popular social networking application that can be found in every smart phone on this planet! There are millions and billions of Facebook users out there and you never know who would want help to use the application. Facebook messenger provides instant private messaging and a lot more features keep updating the messenger. There are a few things, some tips to use messenger in the best way.

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  • How hectic it gets to open up the Facebook messenger and then the group chats again and again. The easier way is to make a short cut on your home screen for your convenience. By choosing the menu button and selecting the create short cut button.
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Wednesday, July 15, 2009

Groovy Does Not Have Optional Static Typing

Every now and then somebody writes that Groovy supports optional static typing. But it doesn't. They've confused the use of type annotations on variables with a static type system.

This article is emphatically not an entry in the long, sad, and mostly insipid static vs. dynamic debate. It is a clarification of a misunderstanding.

The word "static" in "static type system" is related to phrases like "static analysis." Basically, without executing the code in question, a static type system analyzes code to prove that certain kinds of misbehaviors won't ever happen.

The word "dynamic" in "dynamic type system" is related to the "dynamic execution" of a program. In contrast to a static type system, a "dynamic type system" automatically tests properties when expressions are being (dynamically) evaluated.[1]

The Proof

With those definitions its easy to show that adding type annotations to a Groovy program does not make it statically typed. Create a file named test.groovy. In it define a couple of unrelated classes

class Foo {}
class Bar {}

Now write a function that promises to take a Bar and return a Foo. Add a println for fun.

Foo test(Bar x) { return x }
println("Everything's groovy")

Compile it and run it (explicitly compiling isn't necessary, it just reinforces my point)

~/test$ groovyc test.groovy
~/test$ groovy test
Everything's groovy

There were no complaints at all. A static type system would have rejected the program.

Open up test.groovy and make a slight adjustment so that the function is actually called

Foo test(Bar x) {return x}
println("Everything's groovy")
test(new Bar())

Compile and run this

~/test$ groovyc test.groovy
~/test$ groovy test
Everything's groovy
Caught: org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.typehandling.GroovyCastException:
Cannot cast object 'Bar@861f24' with class 'Bar' to class 'Foo'
 at test.test(test.groovy:4)
 at test.main(test.groovy)

A runtime exception is finally thrown at the (dynamic) moment when the test function is executed. That's dynamic checking rather than any form of static proof.

Actual Static Typing

Now open a file named test.scala.

class Foo
class Bar
def test(x : Bar) : Foo = x

Compile as a script

~/test$ scala -Xscript test test.scala
(virtual file):1: error: type mismatch;
 found   : this.Bar
 required: this.Foo
object test {
one error found

Ta da, static typing. With no attempt to execute my test function the type checker says "I have reason to believe this might go sideways."

The Misunderstanding

There's an oft repeated phrase that "in a statically typed language variables are typed." There's also a common misunderstanding that static typing and type annotations are the same thing. I can show a simple counter example to both misconceptions with one language: Haskell.

Create a file named Test.hs. Here's a function called flatten. It flattens a list of lists one "level" to just be a list.[2]

flatten = foldl (++) []

No variables were harmed during the creation of that function. It's written in what's called "point free" style. Yet with neither variables nor type annotations I can show it's statically typed by defining a bogus main function

main = print $ flatten [1,2,3,4,5,6]

And trying to compile

~/test$ ghc Test.hs -o test
    No instance for (Num [a])
      arising from the literal `1' at Test.hs:3:24
    Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Num [a])
    In the expression: 1
    In the first argument of `flatten', namely `[1, 2, 3, 4, ....]'
    In the second argument of `($)', namely
        `flatten [1, 2, 3, 4, ....]'

Thus you need neither variables nor annotations to have static typing. A small change fixes things right up

main = print $ flatten [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]

~/test$ ghc Test.hs -o test
~/test$ ./test

It's easy enough to see what type GHC has assigned the function. Just add a module declaration at the very top of the file

module Main (flatten, main) where

And fire up ghci

~/test$ ghci
Loading package base ... linking ... done.
Prelude> :load Test
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
Prelude Main> :type flatten
flatten :: [[a]] -> [a]

Exactly as described, it takes a list of lists and returns a list.

Groovy Does Have Static Typing

Having shown that Groovy does not have static typing let me show that it does have static typing. :-) At least, it has static typing for some kinds of things. Open up test.groovy again and add this

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {}

Compile that and you get an error

~/test$ groovyc test.groovy
org.codehaus.groovy.control.MultipleCompilationErrorsException: startup failed, test.groovy: 8:
Can't have an abstract method in a non-abstract class.
The class 'MyRunnable' must be declared abstract or the method 'void run()' must be implemented.
 @ line 8, column 1.
   class MyRunnable implements Runnable {}

1 error

The error happens without executing anything so it's a form of static analysis, and it's caused by failure to adhere to the Runnable type's requirements hence it's a static type error. But it's not an optional static type check - you can't turn it off.

Interesting, no?

Whatever you feel positively or negatively about Groovy please don't perpetuate the myth that it has optional static types. It doesn't. Groovy's optional type annotations are used for dynamic testing not static proofs. It's just that with type annotations Groovy dynamically tests are for "dynamic type" tags attached to objects rather than its more normal mechanism of dynamically testing for the presence of certain methods. What little static typing Groovy does have is not optional.

Update: Some time after this article was written, a team announced Groovy++, an extension to Groovy that really does have optional static typing.

[1] In a certain formal sense the phrase "dynamic type system" is an oxymoron and "static type system" is redundant. However, the phrases are commonly used and there doesn't seem to be a commonly recognized concise phrase to describe what a "dynamic type system" does. Pedants will argue for "untyped" but that doesn't give me a concept on which to hang the different ways that say Groovy, Ruby, and Scheme automatically deal with runtime properties.

[2] A more general function called join already exist for all monads in Control.Monad module. It can be defined as "join m = m >>= id"

Guillaume Laforge said...

That's why I usually call that "optional typing". The 'static' word is again misleading. Grovy does support "optional typing" and in some cases also some "static typing" for certain aspects you summarized.

Tony Morris said...

Guillaume, The word 'static' is only misleading in the sense that James alludes to in that it misleads users of Groovy. The word has a very clear and distinct meaning and Groovy is very clearly and distinctly not "optionally statically typed".

Groovy supports optional type annotations -- this is a very different proposition as James points out.

paulk said...

Hi James, thanks for the post. It is always good to strive for clarity on these topics.

Of course, in Groovy I can write an AST macro (compile-time meta-programming) which turns on additional static checking, i.e. makes your first example fail at compile time or which turns off, i.e. makes optional, the interface type checking, i.e. makes your second example compile happily but fail at runtime if the interface method is missing.

Of course the power with having such features in Groovy is of most benefit once conventions and IDE support is in place so that end users can make use of it. At the moment, probably only gurus could write such AST macros and there would be little IDE support to indicate if they were in place for a particular piece of code.

Currently IDE support (at least in IntelliJ which I mostly use) is sufficiently good that it infers most types when they aren't specified. So most users are getting feedback at 'type time' rather than 'compile time' or 'runtime'. It would certainly be good down the track if more optional static typing in Groovy was available when coders desired it and with appropriate IDE support.

paulk said...

Also "Groovy's optional type annotations are used for dynamic testing not static proofs" isn't how I would phrase things either for maximum clarity.

I can certainly reason about Groovy code statically. I just have to know about what metaprogramming facilities are in place rather than just reason based on static type definitions alone. If you say in the general case that might be very hard to get automated tool support for this, then I would agree. The aforementioned IntelliJ support is definitely fundamentally flawed. It probably only gives the right answer 99.99% of the time. ;-)

And of course, for the hard cases, e.g. does my program exhibit certain liveness criteria, then I might reason about it using infinite set-based logic or whatever favorite formal method you prefer but I would hardly expect either a static or dynamic language to give me any feedback at compile time.

James Iry said...

When you reason about a code base that's not a static type system in the language, it's a static type system in your head. The plus side is you can use whatever logic you want where a language type system is (usually) limited to one. On the downside an automated type checker is far less likely to make silly mistakes.

As for IDEA, I don't have it installed so I can't comment. At best you're arguing that there is a language which might be called IDEAGroovy which is syntactically identical to the Groovy language but which has a richer (optional?) static type system. The 99.999% comment relates to the differing semantics between the two languages.

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paulk said...

I mostly agree with your sentiment but again would use different wording. If I am reasoning about some Java or Scala code and don't have a compiler handy, then I am also reasoning in my head. If I have my compiler or my IDE then I get whatever support it gives me. I would expect a statically typed language to give me better feedback from the compiler.

I don't think talking about some hypothetical IDEAGroovy language helps clarify the situation. It is certainly fine to talk about the different support provided by different tools though. If you have code like the following in Scala (excuse the Groovy flavored syntax) it will have (ignoring implicit conversions which I don't know enough about to know whether they could apply here) a compile error on the last line. In the IntelliJ Groovy plugin the line doesn't get marked as an error but instead is marked as a warning in yellow which if I hover over it says "Cannot assign 'java.lang.Integer' to 'java.util.Date'". Depending on
whether I have metaprogramming in place will determine whether I get a runtime error or not for Groovy.

def x = [[0]] as Integer[][]
def y = x[0]
Date z = y[0]

So on the one hand, I am only get a warning rather than an error which is all that the is possible in a non-statically typed language but certainly many of the "silly mistakes" are sorted out straight away.

It is certainly true though that there is a fuzzy area here. In the above example, some very simple type inference is being done by IntelliJ. Depending on my IDE or code style checking tool it may have less capable "inference for warnings" features. It might have smarter inference capabilities which looks at what kind of metaprogramming might be in place and takes the inferencing further. It may have capabilities to let me teach my IDE when it gets the inferencing wrong or when it can't infer the types.

So I agree that Groovy compilers, IDEs and tools can't give as much
feedback as similar Java and Scala ones at compile time but you might be surprised at just how much feedback you get.

I should add that I find the Tool support for all the new languages
simultaneously impressive in how far they have come but also significantly behind those for the more mature Java and C# languages.

Jochen "blackdrag" Theodorou said...

James, may I ask who used the wording that Groovy has a optional static types? Guillaume and me never use this and we are more or less the creators of the language. I tend to say that Groovy is a dynamic typed language with static elements. I also always say optional typing (but I am already careful with that). A new term appearing might be gradual typing, but I am not yet familiar enough with that to know if it is really right.

As of an language having only one type system.. That is true and wrong at the same time. Normally every static typed language has also dynamic type checks. In Java the check done for a cast would be an example, possible missing methods I see as another dynamic check. A purely static language would not need runtime types, but Java does type checks each time a method is called for example. So if you come and say that Java is a static typed language I tend to say that this is not fully right, it is a mostly static typed language. In that respect you could say that Groovy is not a fully dynamic language, since it has static elements. But the focus is important. And the focus is being static typed for Java and being dynamic typed for Groovy. dynamic and static typing don't exclude each other, instead they fill gapes in each others system.

James Iry said...

Groovy In Action, Manning, 2007, Glover, King, Laforge, and Skeet

p61, 3.2.1 "Table 3.3 gives examples of optional static type declarations and the dynamic type used at runtime."

p62, 3.2.2 "The choice between static and dynamic typing is one of the key benefits of Groovy."

And see"optional+static+typing"

Regardless of where the phrase comes from, it's certainly out there and causes confusion.

The phrase "optional typing" is pretty awful too. It suggests that with annotations you get some typing and without annotations you get none, but that's not true. Either way you get a dynamic check of runtime properties. It's just a question of what properties get checked and when.

Still, I can totally understand that it's hard to name the feature in a way that's both concise and meaningful. This article isn't a bash on Groovy nor a bash on dynamic typing (see the follow up It's just an attempt to clear up confusion.

Chris W said...

I suggest reading up on Groovy++, an extension to Groovy. That variant is indeed statically typed with the compilation safety and runtime performance that implies. The syntax is so familiar that I'd think of it as the true Java++. See an intro here:

James Iry said...

Yeah, Groovy++ was announced after I wrote this article. Maybe it deserves an update.

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Kelly, now 51, was a streetwise agent from tiny-town New Jersey who Reduce his enamel investigating the Mafia and drug kingpins. He invested his infrequent downtime lifting weights, viewing higher education soccer and chilling in cargo shorts.

We aid our pupils with numerous expert services for instance online accounts tutoring, accounts homework help, accounts assignment help, accounts projects, accounts notes etcetera. Further helpful hints more, we have skilled group to accept you exactly with all the accounts similar techniques.

He claimed force from your White Household also prompted the CIA to declare “a moratorium” on covert functions in opposition to Hezbollah in Lebanon, far too, for a time, once the administration obtained problems from Iranian negotiators.

About the campaign path, he had asserted repeatedly the Bush administration’s policy of pressuring Iran to stop its illicit nuclear plan wasn’t working, Which he would reach out to Tehran to lower tensions.

In apply, the administration’s willingness to ascertain a fresh part for Hezbollah in the Middle East, combined with its drive for your negotiated settlement to Iran’s nuclear program, translated right into a reluctance to move aggressively in opposition to the best Hezbollah operatives, In accordance with Project Cassandra members and Other folks.

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Little Known Facts About dance leg stretcher.

Bend a person leg on the knee and position the bottom of that foot alongside the thigh of your respective prolonged leg. Retaining your again as flat as possible, arrive at towards the ankle of your prolonged leg.[ten] Carefully sit again up and repeat this method just after switching legs.

Dancer B will then hold, with each palms, the metatarsals of particular person A pushing their toes even nearer to the ground. Keep the extend for ten seconds, release, and repeat 4 instances with Every single foot.

At times Hilary Cartwright–co-creator of Gyrotonic, and former Royal Ballet soloist–demonstrates some successful stretches concentrating on particular muscle mass teams, in Dance Spirit Magazine; There exists a single graphic demonstrating how you can do the splits (And exactly how never to), in addition to various other stretches (the “frog,” such as) that is certainly so helpful I framed and hung it to the wall in my girls’ transforming area.

Position one particular leg on the barre. Retaining your leg straight, attain about your leg together with your opposite arm. You'll want to hold your turnout and maintain your hips sq.. Hold for just a handful of seconds, and be sure you breathe in the extend.

I'm interested in your stretching regimen. How often would you extend, and for how much time? I am normally on the lookout for new routines to accomplish.

MAKE IT HARDER: Slow the second established down and go ahead and take stretched leg six inches off the ground every time. Goal for Manage—no wobbling with your supporting leg.

This posture will help stretch your external rotators, the six muscles across the hips. Keeping these muscles drop will improve your turnout.

Sit on your own feet whilst in a kneeling situation. Straighten one leg out before you (nevertheless sitting down on another foot) and issue your toes. Touch your toes with the two hands. Maintain for 20 seconds. Repeat with the other leg.

Adding a buddy supplies resistance and Your system could have some Restoration time Whilst you help them within their extend.

Want the massive photograph? It is possible to discover dance tasks to view how tools are used in a very formative evaluation system, or get inspired by a dance showcased challenge.

Maintain your ft jointly through the get more info stretch. Maintain for twenty seconds after which you can repeat, crossing your legs in one other direction.[3] Stretch your hamstrings by bending ahead and putting your fingers on the ground with all your knees bent. Slowly but surely straighten your knees devoid of getting your fingers off the ground.

Using an Over-all approach, tightness is just not localised to at least one area but might be coming from A further area in your body, one example is, restricted hamstrings is usually because of neural pressure as part of your neck.

Sorry, we just need to be sure you're not a robot. For best effects, please ensure that your browser is accepting cookies.

Bend forward as considerably as you possibly can. Slowly unbend your back again leg (appropriate leg). Maintain for 30 seconds. Repeat with your right leg in entrance and remaining leg bent behind you. Apply to be able to do normal splits with equally legs extended.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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Tatebayashi buyokan23.jpg

Buyokan is the name given to the samurai residence that was restored in the area of the castle town that was known for raising hunting hawks. The Kanji character for "yo" in the name is actually "hawk" (taka). The house was moved here from the Obikicho area of the town. The nagayamon gate is actually a Taisho Period building but it reflects Edo Period construction techniques and is the only original Nagayamon Gate in Tatebayashi. There is another house on the property next to the gate and behind the main house that was actually built in 1954 but reflects original building styles. The design blends in nicely with the gate and the main house. In 1999 the samurai house was designated an important cultural property of the city.

Buyokan Profile
English Name Buyokan
Japanese Name 武鷹館
Year Late Edo Period
Residence Type Middle Class
Designations Local Historic Site
Features Gates, House
Visitor Information open weekends, holidays, and other days as specified
Website buyo/17 buyo.htm
Location Tatebayashi, Gunma Prefecture
Castle Tatebayashi Castle
Coordinates 36° 14' 47", 139° 32' 17"
Tatebayashi Castle and nearby Samurai Homes
Loading map...
Visits September 16, 2018
Added Jcastle 2018

(one vote)
Add your comment welcomes all comments. If you do not want to be anonymous, register or log in. It is free.


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About pulli kolam images app

If you would like add hues to your daily life just take a look at these colorful wedding ceremony & festival collections.

A kolam that represents shank and chakra which can be drawn in Puja rooms . A free of charge hand rangoli typically with just w...

Destinations: A trip to Jodhpur in 1994 Someday in 1994, official business enterprise took me to Jodhpur. In place of flying, my spouse And that i decided to go with the metre gauge educate and..

chalk ... Each individual morning in Tamil Nadu, millions of Women of all ages attract kolams on the bottom ... The rice powder also invited birds along with other small creatures to try to eat it, Hence ...

only patterns that stretch or split the orthogonal lexicon in simple ways in which are simple to explain. Arrows point out which personal gestures crack

that link dots in orthogonal patterns. These moves are labeled ‘Orthogonal’ and referenced Onwhere n is often a measure from the extent to which the

This kolam provides a geometrical pattern Once you join the straight line While using the dots. You can give unique hues As outlined by your need to differentiate the styles. The star in between separates the sample and the flower sort of style and design between the designs could be the significant light-weight.

Kolam often known as Rangoli, is often a dainty ground portray, and that is an integral part of South Indian tradition. It really is a good looking and perhaps the only real a single artwork, drawn on a daily basis by Females while in the homes. It symbolizes natural beauty and provides a welcoming atmosphere.

It is a simple flower decoration. String the bouquets in circles of varied diameter from small to major. Put the most significant at the top and also the smallest at the bottom on a thick cardboard. I have ...

This publish experienced totally cost-free hand kolam designs for Margazhi. More about the author For a consequence of requests I've more some kolam with dots for Margazhi 2014 correct below. The pretty 1st kolam would be the famed and customary rose kolam with dots. We can find out it consistently drawn for numerous occasions and festivals.

This kolam is a combination of sushi kolam and sangu kolam. The inside part is developed While using the straight traces and the outside part would be the outline that's drawn outside of sushi kolam. The inner aspect alone is presented color inorder to provide a neat glance.

This creativeness has long gone to another amount by conducting competitions from the streets to examine whose kolam is the greatest. These competitions are done on many occasions so that we do not neglect our tradition.

Dear Kamala, I found your web site although trying to find kolam patterns for our future sankranthi celebrations in Canada. I had been asking yourself if I could have your authorization to print a number of sikku kolams on the poster board.

Two primary kolam using 5 by three interlaced dot grid. The main kolam Through three measures following drawing The standard star type the remaining dots are applied up with birds designs drawn thoroughly no cost hand as proven the remaining dots forming the eyes. More decoration relies on our creativeness i.e including the crown and so forth.

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Not known Factual Statements About C++ assignment help

(Not enforceable) Hunt for assignments to associates while in the move operation. When there is a default constructor, Look at those assignments into the initializations while in the default constructor.

Having said that, We have now experienced a lot of requests for a set of naming and layout conventions to use when there are no external constraints.

Lessons with Nefarious associates or bases are not easy to use safely and securely, for the reason that their destructors will have to invoke Nefarious’ destructor, and so are in the same way poisoned by its very poor conduct:

We shouldn't have taken the lock before we wanted it and ought to have unveiled it again before starting the cleanup.

: a class utilized as The bottom of a category hierarchy. Normally a foundation course has one or more virtual features.

: a named device of code that can be invoked (called) from different aspects of a system; a logical unit of computation.

The strings of v are destroyed image source on page exit from bad() and so is v by itself. The returned pointer points to unallocated memory on the totally free retail outlet.

Just document that consumer code will have to phone the publish-initialization purpose suitable immediately after constructing an object.

Nonetheless, when There's two ways of expressing an concept and 1 has revealed by itself a common supply of glitches and the other hasn't, we seek to information programmers to the latter.

: a declaration or even a list browse around these guys of declarations specifying how a bit of code (like a perform or a class) can be known as.

: a particular (typically simple) usage of a software intended to test its functionality and demonstrate its objective.

Most is effective – immediately after a lot of testing – but in isolation it truly is unachievable to inform irrespective of whether p can be the nullptr.

unstable is utilized to refer to things that happen to be shared with “non-C++” code or components that does not follow the C++ memory product.

Flag change-statements over an enumeration that don’t manage all enumerators and don't have a default.

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inspiraksi(28/06)In order to celebrate the age of 50 years, Kompas present Inspira(k)si event. This event includes a variety of programs, namely Inspi Baca, Inspi Kendara, Inspi Sinema, Inspi Rasa, Inspi Rehat, and Inspi Vision. The Highlight of Inspira(k)si event was held at the South Plaza, Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta,digelar di Plaza Selatan, Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta, through Inspi Rasa. The market began to dawn which took place at 05:00 to 10:00, followed at 10:00 to 22:00 with culinary bazaar for iftar and industrial products. Jepege participated in this event as the creative industries Jakarta featuring products with latest designs and promo for the visitors in the event of Inspira (k) Kompas 50th Anniversary

jepege2 copy

11380098_1606946736224120_1933407283_nHappy 50th Anniversary Kompas. Hopefully more successful, continues to be a Kompas for us. Became an inspiration across the generations and remains the No. 1 news media in Indonesia

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Sunday, March 29, 2009

Tubing Is Not a Crime...Need I Say More?

Love this guy. May I never cross his path in race...

Gravity Play Adventure Extreme Series- Moab, Utah 2009

350 smiling adventure racers descended upon Moab, Utah for a 12 hour multisport race that always seems to be the season kicker off'er for the US adventure racing scene. Teams came from all over the Rocky Mountain region and as far as Washington state to race this great multisport course. My old team Boulder Performance Network is on hold for this year with sponsorship woes and I continue to focus on wildwater kayak racing. But with a later start to the international wildwater scene, I couldn't pass on my favorite place in the US to race so I entered as a soloist.

The race began on mountain bikes allowing for a fun peloton of sorts for all racers to chum it up and catch up with my old pals. The chum'ing ended rather abruptly as the course turned vertical for a 2,000 ft climb from the Colorado River basin up Longhorn Canyon on near 18% sandy rocky Jeep trails. The course flattened out before the rappel on classic Moab slickrock and I was very impressed with the new Gary Fisher Superfly hardtail 29er that University Bikes/Gary Fisher in Boulder set me up on for the 2009 season. At just under 24 lbs for a 29er, I'm certain it is my ultimate dream adventure racing bike.

My old teammate Travis Macy (Salomon), myself (BPN Clif Bar), James Kovacs (Golite), and 18-year old (wow!) Spencer Lacy split off the front of the pack to make the 350 foot rappel as getting hung up in queue behind other racers is the end of your day in this race. On the mountain run leg, Kovacs and I exchanged our best imitations from my favorite movie Top Gun as Travis was showing us both without mercy "there are no points for second place"!

I spent the rest of the day chasing Travis down on foot and bike by map and compass only to arrive at the final paddle leg to the finish about 20 minutes behind. In years past, my only hope was to make up time on the paddle on Travis but his paddling skills and boat selection have really impressed me this year. Water levels were super low this year and paddle hits were a bit problematic combined with me mixing my "big gulp" energy drink way too concentrated (note to self: add electrolytes after you know how long paddle leg will be:) which triggered some projectile vomiting followed by some fierce paddling as I felt like a new man afterwards.

I couldn't close the gap; finishing 2nd overall and almost 10ish minutes behind the son of adventure racing legend Mark Macy. I'm sure his dad is quite proud as I don't see anyone in the US short of the Nike's Mike Kloser and company and the still formidable Mike Freeburn beating Travis in a multisport run/ride/paddle/compass race. Spencer Lacy, son of longtime wildwater kayaker Gary Lacy, finished 15 minutes behind in 3rd then finally the 1st team arrived 30 minutes later. Spencer Lacy is another upcoming youth phenom as his bike and paddling skills are impressive and he's isn't even out of highschool yet! I think he actually may have been doing homework during the prize giving but Travis and I have his medal to deliver next weekend as we head up to Jackson Hole Pole Pedal Paddle. I think Spencer will really raise some eyebrows as he's an even better nordic skier placing top 10 in the nation as a junior.

Special thanks to my sponsors KEEN, Clif Bar, Boulder Performance Network, and Immersion Research for another great opportunity to represent your brands!

Travis Macy wins the overall...and the nicest guy in adventure racing award...

Monday, March 23, 2009

Westwater Canyon Meets Wildwater Kayak Nov 2008

Westwater Nov 2008

So Heather and I joined 30 of our newly met friends on a paddling trip organized by Bob Cooke from Denver REI. Westwater Canyon is a classic big water class 3-4 run from the Utah Colorado State Line almost to Westwater. We joined 10 kayakers and 3 rafts for this overnight camping trip.

It all started innocently enough, with smiles from ear to ear. Day 2 made up for a casual first day of great slot canyon waterfalls and slickrock slides in one of America's true paddling treasures. We had one raft puncture so had to consolidate the rafters onto one raft seen here with "Boz" at the helm running the uncommon line right through the Skull at Skull Rapid. I'm too old for the hero line so here I am taking the weak sister line with Bob on the camera waiting for carnage to unfold without fruition in this saavy, crack squad of motivated paddlers. We had our share of carnage and had to work through a shoulder dislocation in the belly of the canyon but all worked out and what a great group. Our rescue raft was so overloaded we had a little fun towing it out of the canyon here right near the takeout.

Kayak to Work Week! March 23-30th

We'll it's official race fans. No better way to get your kayak to your local waterway than in tow behind the townie bike! Special thanks to Ian Adamson from Boulder for his engineering expertise in designing this marvel of geometry and mathematics. I sure do get alot of honks and rubbernecking when hauling a load but it sure beats gas prices these days. I'm even offering neighboorhood kids a ride if they're under 4o lbs and they don't mind it's a little top heavy design so no BMX moves when sidecar occupied. Truth be known, it's actually my stealth mode of paddling on Boulder Reservoir afterhours at night as the park rangers can't find my bike hidden in the fields nor can I after a brisk spring paddle with ice on my drytop!
Pass it some gas and make someone chuckle.

Saturday, March 21, 2009

March 11, 2009 Back to School!

So I found myself back in highschool last week helping out Dawson School's Kayak Academy students interested in downriver racing. We spent 2 hours working on forward stroke, stroke timing, start from stop, heeling the boat while sprinting, and shallow water paddling skills. No capsizes to report and what a great bunch of young adults to work with! Special thanks to their coach Mr. Nate Lord for inviting me as a guest instructor. I'll work with their wildwater team a few days per month through the spring.