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Call for Papers: International Journal of Socio-Legal Research [Volume 1, Issue 4]: Submit by Aug 15

International Journal of Socio-Legal Research (ISSN-2393-8250) invites Articles, Short Notes, Book Reviews Case Commentaries and other such works for Volume 1, Issue 4 (May- August 2015).

Academicians, Practitioners, researchers, students and others interested in the field may send original, unpublished papers to [email protected]  latest by 15th August, 2015

  1. The title of the research paper should be appropriate.
  2. The research paper shall be original and unpublished work.
  3. The paper should not be plagiarized, and free from grammatical, spelling and other errors.
  4. Co-authorship is allowed subject to a maximum of two.
  5. Full names of all the authors must be given.
  6. The author(s) may follow any uniform method for citation.
  7. The body of the paper shall be in Times New Roman, font size 12, 1.5 line spacing. Footnotes should be in Times New Roman, size 10 single line spacing
  8. A margin of two centimetres shall be left on all sides of the paper.
  9. Page borders shall not be used.
  10. For detailed information please check the ‘instructions’ tab at .

  1. Articles (between 2500-4000 words including footnotes)
  2. Short Notes (1000-2500 words including footnotes)
  3. Book Reviews (1000-2000 words including footnotes)
  4. Case Commentaries (1000-3000 words including footnotes)

IJSLR operates without any theme. Anything related to Law is acceptable.

The format of IJSLR is Print and CD ROM. Contributors, however would be provided with the journal issue in CD. To procure a printed copy, an additional payment of INR 400 is to be made.

  1. Single authored paper- INR 1500
  2. Co-authored paper- INR 2000

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English version

deferred tax

From Longman Business Dictionarydeferred taxdeˈferred tax [uncountable]TAX tax relating to a particular year that the authorities allow to be paid in a later yearThe company said it will eliminate a deferred-tax asset on its books, because of adoption of new accounting standards. tax
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English version

give voice to something

From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishgive voice to somethinggive voice to somethingto express your feelings or thoughts Participants are encouraged to give voice to their personal hopes, fears and dreams. voice
Examples from the Corpus
give voice to somethingHowever, those same three astronauts, when coming down, gave voice to a couple of suggestions.McMillan has given voice to a generation of middle-class black women and found a huge crossover audience in the process.Ossie Davis, who has given voice to figures in earlier Burns films, narrates.Unfortunately, many citizens think along the lines that rightwingers give voice to.Sunday schools too were booming and every week little people were taught to give voice to such emollient verses as these.We use words to give voice to our thoughts and feelings and to attempt to convey them to other people.Maslow was giving voice to some delicate possibility within me, and I was powerfully drawn to it.How could a Prime Minister who gave voice to such sentiments be regarded as a political figure in his own right?
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Learn more about homes in Elnora, AB, Canada

Elnora Home inventory breakdown by property type

Of the 2 homes for sale in Elnora, the breakdown of property types is as follows:
100% Other.

100% Other

Area details, home facts and figures

Homes for sale 2
Average Home Size 0 ft² / 0 m²
Price Range ($350,000 - $750,000)

Information from in and around Elnora...

You are Viewing 1 to 2 of 2 homes for sale in Elnora. These homes are comprised of Other. The average list price of these property results is 550,000. Prices are displayed as US Dollar. For more information on these homes for sale in Elnora please contact our member brokerages to schedule a showing or view an open house.

The 2 homes for sale in Elnora, AB, Canada are represented by 1 member brokerages serving the Elnora area. Member brokerages representing the 2 homes include CIR REALTY.


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Free ground shipping all orders for a limited time. No promo code necessary. Does not apply to rush shipping. Cannot be applied to prior purchases. Applies only to orders placed online at and in Le Creuset Signature Boutiques. Offer ends December 20, 2016 at 11:59 p.m. EST.

For gift with purchase, must use code GIFT at checkout. One gift per customer. Cannot be applied to prior purchases. Only available in Cerise red. Gift with purchase valid online at and in Le Creuset Signature Stores November 24–December 24, 2016 at 11:59 p.m. PST, or while supplies last. Limited quantity available. Offer not available in Le Creuset outlet stores.

Heritage Au Gratin Dish

2 reviews >

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      Le CreusetHeritage Au Gratin Dish

      (based on 2 reviews)

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      (4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)

      Perfect for baking Brie

      from North Fork of Long Island, N.Y

      About Me Avid Cook

      • Bakes Evenly
      • Heavy Duty
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        Comments about Le Creuset Heritage Au Gratin Dish:

        Went out to eat on the east end of Long Island. Found a great place for wine and cheese. They had the most delicious baked brie with apricot jelly. I was amazed by how perfect the Brie was baked and how long it stayed ooey-gooey ...I had to flip it over and see what this amazing product was lecreuset. I have made baked bire before at home and it was always a challenge to keep it at the right ooey-gooey texture, now it is ease.

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        I used it to make a peach cobbler and it came out amazing!

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        Heritage Au Gratin DishFor recipes that call for a crisp topping, the Heritage stoneware oval au gratin dish provides a wide, shallow cooking area in a variety of sizes, exposing ingredients more directly to heat.

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        • Impermeable exterior enamel resists scratches and stains, and is safe for cutting on with knives
        • Nearly-nonstick glazed interior easily releases foods for quick cleanup


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Bulldogs Blog

January 16, 2014 4:14 PM

Grantham: His defense was 'backbone' of SEC East titles

On the occasion of his introduction at Louisville, Todd Grantham talks up his time at Georgia.

Bulldogs Blog

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Jason Butt joins The Telegraph after spending the past two years covering high school sports for The Washington Post. A 2009 University of Georgia graduate, he's also covered the Baltimore Ravens and Atlanta Falcons for CBSSports.com.

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Time:09:05 AM to 12:15 PM
Place:LSB A
This Meeting was called to order by
Senator Sandoval
This Report was prepared by
Elizabeth Hanson
King K.
X = Present, E = Excused, A = Absent, * = Present after roll call
Bills Addressed: Action Taken:
Call to Order
Presentation on Budget
Presentation on Tax Policy Changes
Presentation on Revenue Structure
Presentation by Jeff Zax
Presentation by Mr. Marostica
Public Testimony

09:05 AM -- Call to Order

Senator Sandoval called the meeting to order and handed the gavel to Representative Judd.

09:08 AM -- Presentation on Budget

Ms. Natalie Mullis, Legislative Council Staff (LCS), began her presentation on the state budget and the Colorado economy. Members received a copy of her presentation (Attachment A).

Ms. Mullis began by explaining that the economy has been experiencing a rapid free fall. The recession was precipitated by the bursting of a major asset bubble in both the consumer and housing markets. In addition, a financial bubble burst in the commercial real estate sector. Ms. Mullis further explained that many jobs have been lost throughout the economy and it is not expected that these jobs will return. Additionally, local businesses and state government have reduced benefits and salaries for their employees. These employees are working fewer hours because businesses have reduced their need for labor, and many individuals have stopped looking for employment. Therefore, consumers have lost both wages and wealth, which has impacted consumer spending. The downturn has also hit consumers psychologically.

09:16 AM

Ms. Mullis continued her presentation by discussing General Fund revenue projections. General Fund revenue has decreased by approximately $1 billion dollars since last year. Because consumers are not spending, a slow recovery is expected. She explained that the human recession impacts the revenue available for the General Fund appropriations. The recession is not over for the state's budget situation, she explained. Ms. Mullis also provided an overview of the drivers of General Fund appropriations. In addition, she explained other major areas of General Fund expenditures.

09:22 AM

Ms. Mullis continued by discussing the projected revenue shortfall by the LCS September Revenue Forecast, which is a cumulative shortfall over two fiscal years. She also discussed the provisions of Article X, Section 20, otherwise known as TABOR and Referendum C. She explained that Referendum C allowed the state the retain additional revenue. She also explained that Medicaid caseloads in Colorado are higher than expected.

09:28 AM

Ms. Mullis responded to questions from the committee. Representative Kagan asked how the revenue decline could be so precipitous in such a short period of time. Ms. Mullis explained that revenue has sharply declined in the time period since as the impacts of the recession began to impact the state. Representative Kagan also asked about the cumulative $1.2 billion shortfall from the LCS September 2009 Forecast. Ms. Mullis explained that the revenue decline is from the figures presented in the March 2009 forecast.

09:32 AM

Representative Gerou stated that Colorado's construction industry is being hard hit by the recession, and expressed her views that the next bubble is coming in the commercial real estate market. She asked Ms. Mullis if the forecast considered these issues.

Ms. Mullis responded that markets are volatile and that the forecast did take these factors into consideration. In particular, commercial real estate was incorporated into the September forecast as a drag on the market. Additionally, small businesses, are assisted by lower values because rents often decline. This provides a counterbalance in the economy, she stated.

09:35 AM

Senator Sandoval asked whether the number of Colorado citizens that are no longer receiving unemployment benefits was taken into consideration, and Ms. Mullis explained that the forecast includes extensions of unemployment benefits. She also explained the unemployment rate.

Senator Hudak asked about the Medicaid caseload and whether the additional money Colorado has received from the federal stimulus act in federal Medicaid matching funds had been taken into consideration. Ms. Mullis explained that it had been factored into the September forecast for FY 2009-10 but not for FY 2010-11. The forecast did consider the additional federal Medicaid funding that has already been incorporated into the budget. Senator Hudak also asked about the TABOR limit and the Referendum C time-out period. Ms. Mullis explained that the TABOR limit had a "ratchet down" impact but the Referendum C cap does not. Without Referendum C, the state would have had to refund additional revenue to Colorado taxpayers. Discussion continued about this issue.

09:40 AM

Senator Steadman raised questions about the growth in Medicaid caseload and whether increased eligibility requirements were taken into consideration in the numbers presented. He also asked about the hospital provider fee that was recently adopted. Ms. Mullis explained that the projections are from the Joint Budget Committee. The present caseload increase is incorporated into the shortfall projection for this fiscal year, she explained.

09:42 AM

Senator King stated that the total government spending was about $18 billion last year, and raised questions about revenue projections for total state spending. Ms. Mullis stated that the total projection for this fiscal year is about $18 billion, but that LCS does not have an estimate for future years because the forecast does not include projections for other sources of revenue. Senator King stated that it is possible that total government spending in a recession will still increase in the state. Senator King also asked whether the staff had incorporated the Governor's budget proposal, and Ms. Mullis explained the Joint Budget Committee has recently prepared this information. Discussion continued about total state spending, the Referendum C cap, and the forecast period.

09:46 AM

Senator Romer shared his views that the economic recovery is not being spread evenly across members of the society. He also expressed his thoughts about possible budget reductions to higher education.
Ms. Mullis explained the economic indicators examined in the forecast. Representative Roberts also expressed her thoughts about the impacts of the economic downturn in the Western Slope region. Discussion ensued about these issues.

09:54 AM

Representative Frangas asked about the unemployment rate and its impact on state revenue. Ms. Mullis explained the LCS September forecast projects flat employment growth. Committee discussion ensued about overall economic growth, the increase in Medicaid caseload, and Colorado's job market.

09:55 AM -- Presentation on Tax Policy Changes

Ms. Sharon Eubanks, Office of Legislative Legal Services (OLLS), began the presentation about the Supreme Court decision Mesa County Bd. of Comm'rs v. State.Members received a memorandum from OLLS which is included as Attachment B.

Ms. Eubanks explained that the decision involved the district level mill levy freeze for school finance purposes. The OLLS has been asked to discuss the decision as it relates to the authority of the General Assembly to enact tax policy changes directly causing a net tax revenue gain. This case is the first time the Colorado Supreme Court has interpreted this section of TABOR, which is subsection (4) (a). She explained this provision established voter approval requirements for different types of tax actions. Ms. Eubanks provided a general overview of the case, the history of the mill levy, and a legislative history.

Ms. Eubanks also provided a history of Senate Bill 07-199 and property tax limitations. This bill was challenged on several constitutional grounds. The district court found the bill unconstitutional, which was reversed by the Colorado Supreme Court.

Ms. Eubanks explained the decision and how it impacted voter approval requirements in TABOR. She stated there were no previous judicial interpretations of this provision in TABOR. Ms. Eubanks continued testifying about the court's decision. She explained OLLS has prepared the memorandum based on an analysis of the case that includes a step-by-step test for the General Assembly to consider.

10:06 AM

Senator Romer raised questions about a tax rate change and a tax policy change. Discussion ensued. Senator Romer also asked about value-added taxation, sales taxes, and other tax policy changes. Ms. Eubanks continued by discussing the memorandum prepared by OLLS. Discussion also ensued about legal precedents related to tax policy.

10:18 AM

Ms. Eubanks explained that the General Assembly can enact the laws it sees fit and there are considerations each time it does so. Mr. Ed DeCecco, OLLS, closed by discussing Referendum C.

10:20 AM -- Presentation on Revenue Structure

Mr. Ron Kirk, LCS, began his presentation about Colorado's revenue structure. Members received a handout that included information about tax credits, rebates, exemptions, and historical revenue data (Attachment C). Mr. Kirk provided a history of the state of Colorado's major tax policy changes and how these changes have impacted state revenue.

Mr. Kirk began by providing a breakdown of General Fund revenue sources, explaining that 95 percent of the state's General Fund revenue is comprised of state income taxes and state sales and use taxes. The income tax component, he explained, comprises about 65 percent, both individual and corporate, and the sales and use tax component is approximately 35 percent. In the mid-1970s, the balance between individual income and sales was about equal, with income taxes comprising about 39 percent of the General Fund and sales and use taxes comprising about 37 percent. During this period, the state was running budget surpluses, and as result, a number of state sales and use tax exemptions were enacted. During the same period, he explained the state also adopted a number of state income tax credits and rebates. These changes helped to reduce the budget surpluses.

Mr. Kirk continued providing a history of the state income tax and sales and use tax. In the 1980s, the state experienced a recession and the state rescinded many of the state income tax credits to generate more revenue. However, the state did not repeal or suspend any of the state sales and use tax exemptions adopted in the 1970s. There were other changes, including the major tax policy reform in 1986, which changed the state income tax from a graduated rate to a flat rate of 5 percent.

Mr. Kirk stated the effect of this change was the broadening of the state income tax base for purposes of collecting income. Because the income tax reforms were piggybacked on the federal income tax, when the federal base expanded so did the state's tax base. In addition, the sales tax base narrowed as consumers began spending more on services rather than goods. In a nutshell, these major changes have made Colorado more reliant on state individual income tax revenue and less reliant on revenue from sales taxes.

10:21 AM

Mr. Kirk continued his presentation by explaining the tax credits tables included in Attachment C. The document includes a list of income tax credits and rebates, and state sales and use tax exemptions for the most recent year when data is available, which is FY 2008-09. The most recent fiscal year data shows that $261 million in individual income tax credits were claimed in Colorado, which declined over the previous year due to the economy. Mr. Kirk also explained the corporate income tax credits and rebates claimed, which was estimated at $48 million. Likewise, the impact of state sales and use tax exemptions was estimated at about $1.8 billion. He continued discussing these exemptions.

10:24 AM

Mr. Kirk also explained the historical data included about individual income, corporate income, and state sales and use revenue. He concluded with a discussion about the corporate income tax.

10:26 AM -- Presentation by Jeff Zax

Mr. Jeffrey Zax, Economist at the University of Colorado, began his presentation by discussing government subsidies in enterprise zones. He explained his opinion that government subsidies do not enhance or increase growth during economic downturns. Mr. Zax also shared his analysis of enterprise zones and firms. He stated that the enterprise zone credits encourage firms to replace workers with machines. He stated that enterprise zone subsidies become more valuable as a firm ages, and the subsidies are driving up property values. This was never the intent of enterprise zone subsidies, he stated.

Mr. Zax continued expressing his thoughts about enterprise zone tax incentives. He also stated that economic multiplies have no basis in economic science. The effects of these subsidies are overrated because individuals will create businesses and ideas in the economy. The subsidies also have no accountability and are counterproductive.

10:34 AM

Representative Kagan asked whether we know if jobs have been saved by the enterprise zone tax credits. Mr. Zax stated explained the research that had been conducted on this subject, stating that it compared these firms with firms outside of enterprise zones, and that these companies outside these zones did better. Discussion continued about these issues.

10:40 AM

Representative Gerou asked about his thoughts about a federal bailout. He responded there is a difference in macro and micro economic realities, and the federal bailout was necessary because the nation faced either a bailout or another depression. In the end, this money needed to be spent to keep the economy on its feet.

Senator Sandoval asked whether enterprise zones can be made to work, and Mr. Zax stated that they do not. He stated it is not a public service to create jobs. The purpose of a business is to make a profit and individuals must have a claim on the public benefit. Representative Roberts asked about policy makers and the economy. Mr. Zax responded that these credits have a record of failure around the world and the idea that policy makers can direct the economy is extreme. Government should provide the public services businesses need. Rep. Roberts asked where the jobs are coming from under his scenario and Mr. Zax explained the jobs will come from individual entrepreneurs that find support for new ideas and businesses. Mr Zax stated the private sector ideas are taking the lead, and if ideas are not good, they will vanish from the economy.

10:48 AM

Senator King asked whether he would support eliminating other tax credits, and Mr. Zax replied that he does. Discussion ensued about these issues.

10:48 AM -- Presentation by Mr. Marostica

Mr. Dan Marostica, Office of Economic Development and International Trade, began his presentation about economic development. He outlined the steps the office is taking, including reducing the business personal tax and investing in bioscience grants, among other things. He stated that as challenging as things are, Colorado is doing better than most other states, and Colorado has added jobs during this period.

10:52 AM

Mr. Marostica explained that the Governor has proposed 13 tax policy changes that will save the state of Colorado over $134 million. He stated that having a job is a factor in quality of life. He stated that maintaining good jobs are a directive of the department. Mr. Marostica explained that tax incentives play a large role when companies are determining where they are going to locate. Without state tax credits, he stated Colorado would not have the ability to compete against other states for jobs that companies create when they locate here. He discussed the examples of businesses that located in Colorado, including Vestas and Charles Schwab.

Mr. Marostica also continued by providing background about Republic Airways' decision to locate in Milwaukee, and stated that Colorado will lose about 200 jobs. In the end, the company made their decision based on tax policy benefits in Milwaukee that Colorado did not have. Two companies decided to come to Colorado based on HB 09-1001, he said, and that if they hadn't gotten the tax credit they would not have located here. The companies must retain the jobs for over a year in order to receive the credit, he explained. He closed by sharing his thoughts about the state's budget.

10:58 AM

Senator Brophy asked Mr. Marostica questions about removing agriculture incentives affecting pesticides and agriculture compounds. Senator Brophy shared his concerns about targeting agriculture. Discussion ensued about these issues. Representative Labuda asked if tax incentives usually exceed salaries paid to workers. Mr. Marostica stated he has not seen this occurrence. Representative Roberts asked about corporate tax credits for small businesses in Colorado. Mr. Marostica explained that companies are willing to move forward with investment capital because there is a good workforce and tax incentives.

11:04 AM

Senator Romer shared his thoughts about the capital gains tax policy. He expressed his views about tax policy decisions and investing in higher education for the future.

11:07 AM -- Public Testimony

The committee began hearing public testimony.

11:07 AM --
Mr. Tom Clarke, representing the Metro Denver Economic Development Corporation, testified. Mr. Clarke stated he has no comment on the Governor's proposal. He also shared his thoughts about a VAT tax.

Mr. Clarke stated Colorado is going though a transformation, and that manufacturing is creating a path to the middle class. Previously, there were only two paths for middle class, which were in the medical and construction industries. Mr. Clarke stated that all exemptions had a purpose when they were adopted but may appear strange now. He said the biggest tax decrease adopted in Colorado was the Gallagher amendment, which gave individual property owners a large tax benefit.

Mr. Clarke provided comments about alternative energy and income tax policy. He shared his thoughts about single factor corporate tax policies. These are revenue neutral tax policy decisions, he said. He continued sharing his views about tax policy considerations and the potential impacts to Colorado's economy. Mr. Clarke stated that there needs to be a reallocation of resources and investment in higher education. The long-term situation looks less favorable without these investments.

Representative Frangas asked about manufacturing and whether we could compete with China and other nations in this area. Mr. Clarke stated that we will never compete with China on the price of manufacturing solar technologies, but we can compete on innovation. Senator Romer shared his thoughts about asking voters to increase tax revenue and making it a priority to fund higher education, capital construction and other areas. He asked Mr. Clarke how the General Assembly should address capital construction. Mr. Clarke stated that we need a revenue stream for capital construction and that continuing to cut this area is not where we want to go.

The following persons also testified.

11:24 AM --
Ms. Liane Morrison, representing Great Education in Colorado, testified. She introduced Mr. Glen Gustafson, Colorado Springs School District and Ms. Cheryl Wangeman. Mr. Gustafson provided written testimony, which is included as Attachment D. Ms. Wangeman shared her thoughts about the levels of local tax revenue from specific ownership taxes and property taxes.

Mr. Gustafson continued the presentation by discussing Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) issues affecting school districts. He provided information about a survey taken about how school districts will respond to budget issues. The survey included different options for addressing the budget. He stated that school districts would like to see all school districts treated equally.

Senator King asked Mr. Gustafson if the Colorado Association of School Executives (CASE) would be endorsing the PERA proposal. He stated that at this time, CASE has not taken a position. He expressed his thoughts about PERA benefits.

11:35 AM

Mr. Gustafson also discussed benefits and salaries. Senator King asked how many jobs an increase in PERA benefits will cost school districts. Representative Kagan shared his views about the Governor's proposal. Discussion ensued about PERA issues.

11:39 AM --
Mr. Tony Gagilardi, representing the National Federation of Independent Business, testified. He stated that small business are the backbone of the economy, and shared his thoughts about preventing any harm to small businesses. He said everyone must do what is best for the state.

11:41 AM --
Ms. Carol Hedges, representing the Colorado Fiscal Policy Institute, testified. She shared her thoughts about cutting services and tax policy decisions. She stated the cost of tax favoritism that changes the amount of taxes paid must be weighed against the cost of cutting services. Tax policy changes should be examined with the same level of scrutiny as investments in these services.

11:43 AM --
Mr. Ben Prochazka, representing the Colorado Environment Coalition and Mr. Chris West, representing the Colorado Cattleman's Agriculture Land Trust, testified. Mr. Prochazka stated the conservation easement credit is important for preserving land and that it should be funded at the highest level. Mr. West stated the credit helps to preserve quality of life and is a tool for investment in rural communities.

11:45 AM --
Dr. Tim Byers, representing the Colorado School of Public Health, testified. He shared his views about the Amendment 35 tobacco revenue reductions for health care services and stated that cutting prevention programs will harm more individuals.

11:47 AM --
Mr. Jonah Berger, owner of a small business called the Rhythm Within, testified in support of disabled Colorado citizens and expressed his concerns about the impact of budget cuts on these individuals.

11:48 AM --
Mr. Troy Bredenkamp, representing the Colorado Farm Bureau, testified. He shared his concerns about eliminating sales tax exemptions on agricultural products.

11:50 AM --
Mr. Rich Jones, representing the Bell Policy Center, testified. He stated that the center believes that enterprise zone tax credits need to be restructured. He provided two handouts, including prepared testimony from Mr. Wade Buchanan (Attachment E) and a report prepared by the center on enterprise zones (Attachment F). He expressed his thoughts about putting all tax policies on the table for a review.

AttachmentE.pdf AttachmentF.pdf

11:53 AM --
Mr. Rich Audsley, representing the United Way of Colorado, and Mr. John Arigoni, representing the Boy and Girl Clubs of Colorado, testified. They expressed their thoughts about the importance of the child care contribution tax credit. Mr. Audsley distributed a handout which is included as Attachment G.

11:56 AM --
Ms. Karen Wick, representing the Colorado Education Association (CEA) and Mr. Bruce Caughey, representing the Colorado Association of School Executives (CASE), testified. Ms. Wick stated the public education system is an economic investment and that the full impact of any reduction in public services should be examined. Mr. Caughey stated that school districts are facing more significant cuts than is understood.

11:59 AM --
Ms. Cody Belzley, representing the Colorado Children's Campaign, testified. She expressed her support for programs that provide support to children, and stated these programs help to create a stronger future for our children.

12:02 PM --
Mr. John Hummel, representing himself, testified. He shared his concerns about the impacts of budget cuts to the Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA), where he works as a state employee. He shared his experiences as a civil rights investigator for the department and explained that caseloads are increasing.

12:04 PM --
Ms. Lori Smith, representing herself, testified. She shared her experiences as a state employee at a correctional facility in Limon, Colorado. She stated her department is the largest employer in the area and shared her concerns about the impact of potential cuts.

12:05 PM --
Ms. Ann Flores, representing herself, testified. She shared her experiences working in the health department at Pueblo Community College and urged the committee to consider the impact of reducing any additional funding.

12:06 PM --
Mr. Joe White, representing himself, testified. He shared his experiences as a teacher and parent of two school age children. Mr. White also shared his concerns about cutting school programs and removing teachers from the classroom. He also expressed his support for investing in higher education.

12:08 PM --
Ms. Carol Adams, representing herself, testified. She shared her experiences as a teacher in public education and stated that public education is the cornerstone of Colorado's society. Education helps to remove gap between the educated and less educated in society.

12:09 PM --
Dr. Elinor Christiansen, representing herself, testified. She provided a handout to the committee about a single-payer health care system, which is included as Attachment H. As a former physician, she shared her support at looking at how the state can spend health care dollars more effectively. Ms. Christiansen urged the committee to examine publicly funded comprehensive health care and the potential benefits to society.

12:10 PM --
Ms. Gerrie Frohne, representing herself, testified. She stated the state should not cut the provider rates for Medicaid and shared her experience as a parent of an ill child. She said it saves Colorado taxpayers money when citizens receive proper care and expressed her concerns about the Governor's proposal regarding provider rates.

12:13 PM --
Mr. David Myers, representing the Metro Community Provider Network, testified. He shared his concerns about the impact of budget cuts on the health care safety net. He stated his organization has closed three clinics and lost two physicians. Of the citizens that use these safety net services, 60 percent are uninsured. He stated any additional cuts will dramatically affect these services.

In addition, the Colorado Community Health Network prepared written testimony, which was submitted for the record (Attachment I).

12:13 PM

Public testimony was closed. The committee adjourned.


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More Obituaries for Tiffany Ewen
Looking for an obituary for a different person with this name?

Tiffany Kathleen Ewen

1990 - 2016 Obituary Condolences
Tiffany Kathleen Ewen Obituary
Ewen, Tiffany Kathleen
25, of Greeley, CO passed away on February 17, 2016. Tiffany was born on August 21, 1990 in Manchester, CT. She lived in East Hartford, CT until 2001, when she moved to Worcester, MA. In 2006 she moved to Queen Creek, Arizona. She graduated from Queen Creek High School in 2008. Tiffany was very artistic and loved to draw, play guitar, sing, and act. She had a beautiful voice and was in many plays in high school. She was an avid fan of Lady Gaga. Tiffany touched everyone's lives that she met and she will be deeply missed by everyone. Tiffany is survived by her mother, Bonnie Ewen, and her grandparents, Doug and Elaine Ewen, all of San Tan Valley, AZ; her father, Richard Fanelli of Wethersfield, CT; her uncle Scot Ewen and wife Elvie; her aunt Heather Taylor and husband Scott, as well as several cousins and many good friends. A Memorial Service will be held on Saturday, February 27th at 1:00 PM at San Tan Christian Center, 7377 W Hunt Hwy, Queen Creek, AZ 85242. Please bring memories of Tiffany to share. A reception will follow. Tiffany will be cremated and her ashes will remain with her mother. In lieu of flowers please donate in memory of Tiffany to Valley Hope Foundation, P.O. Box 59, Norton, KS 67654 or valleyhope.org/donate.

Published in The Arizona Republic on Feb. 24, 2016
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Richard Paul Guinan Sr.

4 entries
  • "So sad to learn of Richie's passing.My sympathy to you and..."
  • "My deepest condolences to the guinan family. Love Gloria..."
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    - Linda Mendez
  • "I have many memories of the man I called "uncle Ritchie"...."
    - Linda Mendez
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GUINAN Richard Paul, Sr. of Weymouth, formerly of Jamaica Plain, December 17, 2014. Beloved husband of Irene T. Guinan. Complete notice later. For obituary and funeral information go to Lawler & Crosby Funeral Home 617-323-5600

Funeral Home
Robert J. Lawler & Crosby Funeral Home
1803 Centre Street
West Roxbury, MA 02132
(617) 323-5600
Funeral Home Details
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Published in Boston Herald on Dec. 20, 2014
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Skip Navigation LinksGeorgia General Assembly > Legislation
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2013-2014 Regular Session - SB 340
Official Code of Georgia Annotated; revise, modernize, correct errors; reenact statutory portion of said Code
Sponsored By
Sponsored In House By
First Reader Summary
A BILL to be entitled an Act to amend the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, so as to revise, modernize, correct errors or omissions in, and reenact the statutory portion of said Code, as amended, in furtherance of the work of the Code Revision Commission; to repeal portions of said Code, or Acts in amendment thereof, which have become obsolete, have been declared to be unconstitutional, or have been preempted or superseded by subsequent laws; to provide for other matters relating to revision, reenactment, and publication of said Code; to provide for effect in event of conflicts; to provide for effective dates; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
Status History
Jul/01/2014 - Effective Date
Apr/29/2014 - Act 669
Apr/29/2014 - Senate Date Signed by Governor
Mar/31/2014 - Senate Sent to Governor
Mar/20/2014 - Senate Agreed House Amend or Sub
Mar/18/2014 - House Passed/Adopted By Substitute
Mar/18/2014 - House Third Readers
Mar/13/2014 - House Committee Favorably Reported By Substitute
Feb/24/2014 - House Second Readers
Feb/21/2014 - House First Readers
Feb/20/2014 - Senate Passed/Adopted
Feb/20/2014 - Senate Third Read
Feb/17/2014 - Senate Read Second Time
Feb/11/2014 - Senate Committee Favorably Reported
Feb/03/2014 - Senate Read and Referred
Jan/31/2014 - Senate Hopper
03/18/2014 Modified Structured Rule; 3/20/2014 Senate agrees to House Substitute
Mar/20/2014 - Senate Vote #762Yea(49)Nay(0)NV(6)
Mar/18/2014 - House Vote #791Yea(169)Nay(0)NV(8)
Feb/20/2014 - Senate Vote #482Yea(51)Nay(1)NV(1)
Past Versions


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ASUS GeForce GTX 470 ENGTX470 Video Card Review

Jump To:

Power Consumption

For testing power consumption, we took our test system and plugged
it into a Kill-A-Watt power meter. For idle numbers, we allowed the system
to idle on the desktop for 15 minutes and took the reading. For load
numbers we measured the peak wattage used by the system while running
the OpenGL benchmark FurMark 1.7.0 at 1920×1200 resolution.

Total System Power Consumption Results

Power Consumption Results: The ASUS GeForce GTX 470 graphics card has a very respectable idle power consumption of 142 Watts with a single monitor, but at load it became a whole new monster. At full GPU load the ASUS GeForce GTX 470 gulped down 437 Watts of power, which is more than 100W higher than a Radeon HD 5850 consumes at load. The GeForce GTX 400 series isn’t power friendly at load or with two monitors, but NVIDIA said they knew that from the start with this video card series and it shouldn’t shock consumers.

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Original Energizer UE10000 9000mAh Dual USB Power BankItemID : 183719840

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    Original Energizer UE10000 9000mAh Dual USB Power Bank

    • Smart Power Management ,Guaranteed protection against short circuiting, overcharging, and temperature spikes.
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An Adrian man’s structured settlement annuity was frozen by court order in a proceeding that could award 90 percent of its value to the state to help pay the cost of caring for him in prison for seven to 15 years.

A complaint was filed last month by the Michigan Attorney General’s Office, claiming a share of an annuity that Robert Dwight Ohlinger Jr. reportedly tried to sell to J.G. Wentworth.

Ohlinger, 19, was sentenced to prison in January 2012 in Lenawee County Circuit Court after pleading guilty to third-degree criminal sexual conduct. He was accused of abusing two girls younger than 13 during 2011.

“Plaintiff has information and believes that defendant has communicated with JGWPT Holdings LLC to sell his structured settlement for $35,000,” the complaint stated. JGWPT Holdings is the parent company of J.G. Wentworth and Peachtree Financial Solutions.

The court action under the State Correctional Facility Reimbursement Act allows the Michigan Department of Corrections to seize up to 90 percent of an inmate’s assets to reimburse the cost of prison care.

An affidavit signed by Lia Gulick, finance division manager for the Department of Corrections, details current and future costs of housing Ohlinger. The expense to date was calculated to be $39,970 with a total cost of $268,220 through Ohlinger’s earliest release date of Aug. 20, 2018. If he is held the maximum 15 years, the cost was estimated to total $601,490.

At a hearing Monday, Lenawee County Circuit Judge Margaret M.S. Noe ordered Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. to freeze Ohlinger’s annuity policy. She also ordered the warden of the Alger Correctional Facility to freeze Ohlinger’s prisoner account at the facility, except for $25 per month to purchase personal items.

Ohlinger was also ordered to provide a full and complete accounting of all his assets. A hearing on the state’s claim is scheduled for July 29.


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We’re proud to present LessThan3’s 10th edition of Trap Tuesdays! We’ve got some huge releases this week, including fresh beats from RL Grime, Diplo, and a remix of Daft Punk. Also, be sure to download Miley by Grandtheft and Skratch Bastid. RL Grime – CliqCliq (Original Mix) We’ve all been looking forward to new material from LA’s [...]
RL Grime - CliqCliq (Original Mix) [Fool's Gold]
Diplo feat. Mike Posner & Boaz Van De Beatz & Riff Raff - Crown (Original Mix)
Daft Punk - Give Life Back To Music (Carvar&Clock Remix)
Lana Del Rey - Summertime Sadness (Cedric Gervais Remix) (ETC!ETC! Trapped it! Remix)
Break Science feat. Redman - Who Got It (Original Mix) [Pretty Lights]
With Rusko’s polished brand of laid back, often witty and always welcoming dubstep, it’s about time that people are starting to realize how strongly his sound would back other mainstream names and styles. Some of his latest work has him teaming up with the EDM-friendly up-and-comer Mike Posner on a track titled Shut Up. While the tune [...]
Mike Posner & Rusko - Shut Up


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Meziere 03-04 Cobra Remote Electric Intercooler Pump

Manufacturer: Meziere

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Meziere 03-04 Cobra Remote Electric Intercooler Pump

*image is only a representation and may not be accurate

**03-04 Cobra's will need (2) WP12034B 12an O-ring x 3/4" Barbed Fitting to install this pump**

American made with quality far superior to any other performance aftermarket company, we build our water pumps with pride right here in the USA. Don't be mislead by inflated flow numbers and competitors' outlandish claims. We say what we mean and mean what we say. Our 2 year, unlimited mileage guarantee and full satisfaction money back guarantee should convince you that buying Meziere is buying value!

Remote pumps fill many different needs. When an engine mounted pump is not available or space limits the ability to use one, the remote pumps are the answer. Meziere makes more remote pump configurations than any other manufacturer in the performance market. We make pumps that flow from 20 to 55+ gallons per minute. Our pumps can be configured to use almost any size line. All of our pumps are built for cooling systems and can operate properly in a harsh environment.

This water pump model features:

  • Remote mount inline design for universal fit
  • Suitable for street or drag strip use – 3000+ hour life expectancy
  • Show quality black anodized finish
  • Standard motor provides 20 gallons per minute free flow rating
  • Stainless steel hardware included
  • Single inlet port threaded #12AN to accept a variety of fittings
  • Single outlet port threaded #12AN to accept a variety of line connection options
  • Light weight. Complete standard unit weighs only 6.3 pounds
  • Stainless steel large diameter main shaft with high performance ceramic seal
  • #12AN fittings available for #08AN, #10AN, #12AN, #16AN, 5/8", 3/4", 1", or 1 1/4" slip hose.

Technical Specifications:

  • Finishing The System: This pump is supplied complete with hardware but without the inlet and outlet fittings. The fittings need to be ordered according to the type and size of the desired hose connections.
  • Amperage draw: Under normal use the pump will draw 6-7 amps.
  • Overall Height Dimension: The standard pump is 7.25" tall an roughly 3.5 square.
  • Pump Weight: This application weighs 6.3 lbs.
  • 16 volt systems: The 12 volt pump will work with 16 volt systems. Care should be taken that the pump not be run while charging.

Manufacturer Meziere

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text:
Tuesday July 15th, 2014

Rest day 1Besançon

Tourist attractions

The first stage finish in Besançon was to be a historical one. The riders had indeed climbed up the Ballon d'Alsace for the very first time. But the “city of time” has naturally become a key place for time-trials. In 1963 for example, it was in Besançon that Jacques Anquetil, after conquering the overall lead in Chamonix added a final touch to his fourth triumph. In the same spirit, Bradley Wiggins confirmed his status as the boss of the Tour by shining on the Besançon time-trial where he captured his first stage success on the Tour de France.

Web sites

Boucle du Doubs © Jean-Charles Sexe
Besançon Citadel
Vauban's masterpiece, a UNESCO world heritage site, where you'll fi nd the Comtois Museum and the Museum of the Resistance and Deportation.Museum of Time
The Museum of Time, at the Granvelle Palace, welcomes inquisitive visitors interested in discovering the obsessional quest of measuring time.Exhibition
This obscure object of desire – exhibition at the Courbet Museum in Ornans. The origin of the world, Gustave Courbet's famous painting, is on loan from the Musée d'Orsay for the exhibition “This obscure object of desire” devoted to artists outlook on women. Seventy pieces are on display.Festi'caves
Twelve wineries from Arbois will be showcasing their wines at the place Pasteur. A culinary journey through the fl avours of Jura wines. From 11am.Festival Bien Urbain
This festival offers 15 international artists the chance to create an artistic journey around the streets of the town (murals or sound creations). A cycle circuit allows you to discover the artwork.Once upon a time in Besançon
The story of Besançon told throughout history. The visit ends with a tasting of regional produce at the Marché Beaux-Arts from 6pm.Iron and Cast Iron
Franche-Comté was a steel region renowned for its iron works. This trip around the old town discovers the wrought iron elements used in the architecture of Besançon houses. From 3pm.The Tour of Comté
Comté is prepared daily in the traditional way in over one hundred and fi fty village cheese makers. Tasting and cheese making outside all day at the place Pasteur.Contrefaçon sans façon – counterfeiting exhibition
As part of the Contrefaçon sans façon exhibition organised with the INPI, the National Institute of Industrial Property, you can watch the destruction of counterfeit goods seized by customs (watches, leather goods, sports goods,…)
Place Granvelle at 3pm.

Jersey wearers after the stage 9

Classifications after the stage 9

Sponsorship and Environment

Since its creation, Amaury Sport Organisation has been committed to various charity work. Read more

Amaury Sport Organisation is engaged in an integration of the environment in the organization of races approach. Read more

The Jerseys of the Tour

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Will the three stages in the Vosges determine the overall winner?

  • Yes, they’ll confirm Nibali’s domination9.61%
  • No, the real fight will happen in the Alps47.68%
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text:
Florida Jury Finds Tire, Seat Belt Makers Not At Fault For Crash, Injuries

Mealey's (August 30, 2016, 1:39 PM EDT) -- FORT PIERCE, Fla. — Following a two-month trial, a Florida state court jury on Aug. 24 found that a tire maker and a seat belt maker were not responsible for permanent injuries sustained during a car crash (Stevette Dukes, et al. v. Michelin North America Inc., et al., No. 12-CA-2094, Fla Cir., 19th Jud. Cir. St. Lucie Co.).

(Verdict form available. Document #77-160914-008V.)

The jury in the 19th Judicial Circuit Court for St. Lucie County found that Michelin North America Inc. did not place a defective...
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(As anticipated) the European Banking Authority (EBA) has published a “Consultation Paper on the draft Regulatory Technical Standards specifying the requirements on strong customer authentication and common and secure communication under PSD2“.

The Consultation Paper includes the EBA’s thoughts on what the relevant parts of the second Payment Services Directive (PSD2) mean; and its first draft Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS).

The EBA is holding a public hearing on its first draft RTS in London on 23 September 2016. The consultation period closes on 12 October 2016. The EBA will publish the final draft RTS by 12 January 2017; and it anticipates that the RTS will be directly applicable in the EU from October 2018, at the earliest.

PSD2 came into force on 12 January 2016. The Member States of the EU must transpose it into their national laws by, and all relevant payment service providers (PSPs) must comply with those laws from, 13 January 2018. It’s not yet clear how the UK will meet these obligations – although a new statutory instrument (amending or replacing the UK’s Payment Services Regulations) and/or FCA rules seem likely. UK PSPs will be required to comply with (a) the new SI and rules from 13 January 2018; and (b) the RTS from (say) October 2018, until (in each case) at least the moment when Brexit occurs. In all probability, UK PSPs will also be required to comply with the SI, rules and RTS long after after that.

Article 97 of PSD2, provides that:

(1) Member States shall ensure that a [PSP] applies strong customer authentication where the payer (a) accesses its payment account online; (b) initiates an electronic payment transaction; [or] (c) carries out any action through a remote channel which may imply a risk of payment fraud or other abuses.

(2) With regard to … paragraph 1[(b)], Member States shall ensure that, for electronic remote payment transactions, PSPs apply strong customer authentication that includes elements which dynamically link the transaction to a specific amount and a specific payee.

(3) With regard to paragraph 1, Member States shall ensure that [PSPs] have in place adequate security measures to protect the confidentiality and integrity of payment service users’ [PSUs’] personalised security credentials.

(4) Paragraphs 2 and 3 shall also apply where payments are initiated through a payment initiation service provider [(PISP)]. Paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply when the information is requested through an account information service provider [(AISP)].

(5) Member States shall ensure that the account servicing [PSP] [(ASPSP)] allows the [PISP] and the [AISP] to rely on the authentication procedures provided by the [ASPSP] to the [PSU] in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.”

Article 98 of PSD2 provides that:

(1) [The] EBA shall … develop draft [RTS] … specifying: (a) the requirements of … strong customer authentication …; (b) the exemptions from the application of Article 97(1), (2) and (3) …; (c) the requirements with which security measures have to comply … in order to protect the confidentiality and the integrity of the [PSUs’] personalised security credentials; and (d) the requirements for common and secure open standards of communication for the purpose of identification, authentication, notification, and information, as well as for the implementation of security measures, between [ASPSPs], [PISPs], [AISPs], payers, payees and other [PSPs].

In the narrative part of the Consultation Paper, the EBA explains its approach to (for example) strong customer authentication; and PSD2 standard setting.

The 23 Articles of the draft RTS are principles based, technology neutral, and divided into 5 chapters:

  1. Strong customer authentication (articles 1 to 7):
  2. Exemptions from strong customer authentication (article 8);
  3. Protecting the confidentiality & integrity of the PSUs’ personalized security credentials (articles 9 to 15);
  4. Common and secure open standards of communication (articles 16 to 22); and
  5. Final provisions / Entry into force (article 23).

This consultation paper will be of most interest to PSPs in the EU; and those who are developing payment related services and technology – especially if the services or technology are secure communication and/or customer authentication related.

Consultation responses must be submitted using the “Send your comments” button on the EBA’s website.

The EBA is holding a public hearing on the draft RTS in London on the afternoon of 23 September 2016. If you would like to attend, you must register before 1pm (UK time) on 9 September 2016. Good luck.


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On April 21, Mary-Pat Cormier (Partner, Bowditch & Dewey) and Akiyo Fujii (Associate General Counsel, Tufts University) presented on the topic of college & university liability exposures for off-campus housing at URMIA’s Northeast Regional Conference. Their discussion looked at the bases and evolving theories of liability against colleges & universities for damages arising out of off-campus housing, as well as risk mitigation strategies, including an insurance framework to address the exposures. We’ve received a number of inquiries about the cases that we cited and our presentation, which we wanted to address here. Of course, if you would like more information or a copy of Mary-Pat’s and Akiyo’s presentation, please contact Mary-Pat at mcormier@bowditch.com.

The well-attended URMIA session confirmed that the issue of liability exposures for off-campus housing is a real one for many colleges, universities, their risk managers, and their insurers.  This is no surprise: since 2000, the U.S. Fire Administration records 86 percent of campus-related fire fatalities occurred in off-campus housing. Common factors in these fires are: lack of automatic fire sprinklers; missing or disabled smoke alarms; careless disposal of smoking materials; impaired judgment from alcohol consumption; and fires originating on upholstered furniture. Fires are not the only perils that may raise liability concerns: filthy units; pest infestations; electrical problems; illegal bedrooms in basement or attic spaces; inadequate ingress/egress; broken locks; blocked exits; and heating and plumbing issues are all common complaints. Another, rampant overcrowding, is commonplace in the nation’s college neighborhoods.

The evolving case law starts with an analysis of institutions’ duties to students generally with respect to safety and housing. For instance, in the off-campus housing cases we surveyed, many started with Furek v. Univ. of Delaware, 594 A2d 506 (Del 1991) where the university was held liable for fraternity hazing of a resident student at an on campus fraternity:  “A University’s duty [to a student] is a limited one, [but] we are not persuaded that none exists.”  Liability to students is based generally on two theories:  (1) “existing social values” and “customs” –  such as protecting resident students against criminal acts of other students and third parties, and (2) that a duty voluntarily assumed must be performed with due care.  See Mullins v. Pine Manor, 389 Mass. 47 (Mass 1983).

When it comes to off-campus housing, the analysis of whether a college or university has liability is fact intensive – what is the school’s role in off-campus housing arrangements?  Is there a contract, or an assumed duty?  What duty is assumed?  What is the scope, nature, and goal of the duty? The fact intensive nature of the inquiry means that many cases survive dispositive motions.

In Rogers v. Delaware State Univ., 905 A2d 747 (Del 2006), alleging breach of contract, negligence, gross negligence, and detrimental reliance, a student was assaulted by a boyfriend of another DSU student while sitting in the parking lot of the Dover Inn.  The Dover Inn was off-campus housing “offered” by DSU to students who did not get into a DSU residence.  The court dismissed the breach of contract claim, because DSU made “no promise of security” at Dover Inn.  The court stated, “the duty to exercise reasonable care when one undertakes to provide off-campus housing ….  is not a contractual duty.”  While there was no contract, there could be no breach of contract; but the court allowed the case to go forward on negligence theories and detrimental reliance because DSU had “assumed” the duty to exercise reasonable care when it undertook to provide off campus housing at the Dover Inn.  Questions of fact on causation and foreseeability precluded summary judgment on the negligence claim.

Likewise, in Frank v. Five Towns College, 2014 WL 6836198 (NJ Super Ct App Div, Dec. 5, 2014), a student was injured by a broken window in off-campus housing that the college “arranged.”  The court held that the plaintiff relied on the fact that the college owed a duty of care to the student with respect to the arranged off-campus housing:  the college had a duty to warn the plaintiff of a defective window in the off-campus housing unit.  The court relied on a theory of “assumed duty” that arises when a college undertakes a course of conduct on which a student relies.  Moreover, the Court rejected the college’s argument of comparative negligence of student.

Although not an off-campus housing case, McLure v. Fairfield Univ. 2003 WL 21524786 (Superior Court of Connecticut, Judicial District of Waterbury. June 19, 2003), addresses the more general issue of off-campus safety and a university’s “assumed” duties.  In McLure, the court held that the university was liable for injuries to a Fairfield student struck off campus by a car driven by an intoxicated student returning from an off-campus party.  The court found that it was significant that the defendant university banned drinking on campus, was aware of the off-campus drinking parties in question, and had in fact arranged a shuttle-bus service to get students to and from the off-campus parties during limited hours.  By offering the shuttle service, the university had assumed a duty to the student for his safety while traveling between the college and the parties.  The court held that university had a duty to protect the students and denied University’s motion for summary judgment.

The cases above all address the issue from the perspective of whether the college or university proactively “assumes” a duty to the student with respect to off-campus activities when it undertakes or “arranges” or “offers” housing or services off-campus.  But there are other cases, where courts have seemed willing to “extend” to a college duties related to off campus activity, even where the institution has not “assumed” a duty to students.

In Jaffe v. Falzone, 1993 WL 818606 (Superior Ct of MA, April 5, 1993) the court observed in dicta that a college could have a duty regarding safety and security to a student living off campus. This case was filed by the Jaffes, landlords of off-campus housing near Boston College campus. The Jaffes complained of slander and tortious interference by BC in connection with certain alleged statements by BC representatives about the Jaffes to students and parents. The court dismissed the Jaffes’ case. Citing Mullins v. Pine Manorsupra, the court observed that colleges must use reasonable care to protect resident students from criminal acts of third parties on campus. The court goes further, however, suggesting that the duty in Pine Manor “extends to students who chose to live off campus.”  The court seemed willing to extend the duty because BC had following indicia of duties to students residing off campus:  (1) an off-campus housing office (“OCHO”); (2) a Community Assistance Patrol interacting between student populations and the communities surrounding BC’s campus; (3) BC police responded to off-campus housing disturbances involving BC students; (4) the BC student guide specifically referred to students’ “responsible citizenship . . . in local neighborhoods.”  These factors all led the court to conclude that BC was within its rights to take certain actions with respect to the Jaffes to protect its students living off campus.

NJ Div. of Fire Safety v. Mesivta Keser Torah of Central NJ, 2014 WL 6836198, (NY Super Ct App Div, Dec 5, 2014), involved the liability of a private Hebrew school in New Jersey for state fire laws.  In an effort to avoid state fire regulations, imposing automatic fire suppression requirements in student housing, the school tried to spin-off its dorms into a separate entity.  The court concluded that the separate ownership was little more than a fiction and found the school liable for fines and penalties related to multiple code violations.   The court suggests that a school may be responsible for statutory violations for off-campus housing, especially where there is a “mandate to liberally construe an Act to achieve the goal of fire safety.”  Based on this case, a college/university be liable for off-campus housing or fire code violations where there is some affiliation or relationship between the landlord and the college or university and the nature of  laws which have been violated or loss – i.e. fire or safety violations.

In short, what we see in these cases is this continuum of liability exposures for off-campus housing for colleges and universities depending on a number of factors:  whether the colleges “arranged” for or “offered” off-campus housing, the relationship between the off-campus landlord and the university, who the lease is with, whether the off-campus housing is listed on an OCHO list, whether the off-campus housing is inspected/vetted/rated by the OCHO, etc.

A non-exhaustive list of ways to deal with risks inherent in off-campus housing, include:

  • Waiver language, assumption of risk, or limitation of liability to gross negligence in written information provided to students by OCHO;
  • Remove properties on OCHO list after written complaints – with or without investigation of complaints;
  • Allow students to rate off-campus housing and landlords in OCHO database;
  • Where a college is “arranging” or “offering” off-campus housing pursuant to a written agreement with a landlord, include indemnification, limitation of liability to gross negligence language in the contract, and Additional Insured status on landlord’s liability policies;
  • Educate/empower students on basic landlord-tenant rights and code violations, including fire safety.

If a college or university has potential liability for off-campus housing, it is important to be sure that its liability policies’ contemplate injuries or losses taking place at those off-campus locations.  Because most claims are styled as negligence, liability policies would respond to the claims, subject to exclusions, terms & conditions, whereas a breach of contract claim would likely not be covered.  Similarly, claims alleging or arising out of code violations may not be covered.  If a college or university has reason to know of pre-existing hazardous conditions at in off-campus housing, coverage could be barred.  On claims’ made policies, if the claim is related to a prior claim or act, there may be no coverage at all, depending on whether the insured knew of the prior matter and provided notice to the insurer.

For the college or university that owns off-campus housing, it is important to keep tight control of housing conditions for many reasons, including insurance recovery.  As we discussed in this post, off-campus housing is particularly susceptible to “increase in hazard” theories that could limit coverage. Generally, the concept means that where there is an increase in hazard to insured property in the knowledge or control of the insured, coverage will be suspended. If a loss occurs while coverage is suspended, the coverage may be denied. If the hazard is cured, a loss after the reinstatement is covered. An increase in hazard will generally not be found if there has been merely a casual or temporary change in character of the premises. An insured’s negligence is not an increase in the hazard, unless it results in a change to the property, use, or occupancy.  If a landlord knows that there’s been an increase in occupancy or, basically, any change that affects the safety and security of property can trigger an increase in hazard.  And an increase in hazard need not give rise to the loss for the insurer to deny coverage; all that is required for the increase in hazard clause to apply is that there was an “increased hazard by a means within the knowledge and under the control of the insured.”

Of course, as with all insurance issues: the policy’s terms govern, so colleges & universities who think that they may have off-campus housing liability should carefully read their policies to determine the scope of coverage for potential claims.

As Akiyo noted, to unanimous audience agreement, regardless of the legal exposures or liability to colleges for off-campus housing, colleges have an interest – maybe even a moral obligation – in securing their students’ safety in off-campus housing.  Besides the practical suggestions above, she noted that Tufts established a framework toempower students to address landlord-tenant issues themselves – from understanding/signing leases, to reporting violations of building, safety or fire codes, to demanding inspections, and asserting tenants’ rights, etc.  Students are the first line of defense in off-campus housing; the more empowered they are, the further along we are in protecting their safety.  As another audience member noted, these are the life skills that colleges and universities are uniquely positioned to foster.


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INDUSTRY NEWS: Homeowners encouraged to deal with legitimate renovators

Bang On!: Avoid the underground — hire a pro

By Ted Melchers, Special to Postmedia Network

Homeowners can avoid potential legal and financial problems by hiring professional renovators instead of cash-only contractors, who can’t be held to account if a job is botched. (Free Press file photo)

Homeowners can avoid potential legal and financial problems by hiring professional renovators instead of cash-only contractors, who can’t be held to account if a job is botched. (Free Press file photo)

The underground economy has long been a thorn in the side of legitimate operators, specifically in the renovation industry. It’s a prevalent problem throughout Canada. When homeowners hire a cash-only contractor, not only are billions of tax dollars lost, they run the risk of substandard, unsafe workmanship and significant liability issues that could potentially ruin the homeowner financially. Home renovation and repair accounts for more than half of all residential construction investment in Canada — more than $60 billion each year.

The underground economy has grown significantly over the last several years for a variety of reasons. The cost of running a legitimate renovation business is escalating, and the gap between running a legitimate business and running a cash-only business “under the radar” is widening. The introduction of HST, mandatory WSIB coverage for business owners, health and safety training and liability insurance and payroll source deductions are just a few of the costs that a legitimate business must pay.

The underground economy operates outside these parameters, putting homeowners in a precarious situation — legally and financially. If a worker is injured or worse while working on a home and that worker is not covered by WSIB, the homeowner can be held liable. If a project goes horribly wrong and the homeowner is left with an unfinished, shoddy and unsafe home, that homeowner has little or no recourse. The old adage “if you think it’s expensive to hire a professional, wait until you hire an amateur” could not be more true.

The underground economy has a negative effect on businesses, consumers and the Canadian tax base as a whole. It has undermined the competitiveness of legitimate businesses, not to mention the money diverted from the tax base — causing everyone’s taxes to increase and our national and provincial debts to soar.

The federal government has tried many things to diminish the underground economy. One of the most successful programs was the Home Renovation Tax Credit Program introduced in the 2009 federal budget. It was introduced as a fiscal stimulus to encourage investment in Canada’s housing stock. The program also encouraged homeowners to deal with legitimate renovators, so they could submit valid receipts for tax credits. Even modest incentives such as this program can dramatically suppress the underground economy.

The Canadian Home Builders’ Association is encouraging the federal government to reinstate a similar modest and targeted home renovation tax credit program to tackle the underground cash economy. By carefully structuring incentive programs, the costs would be offset by the increased tax revenues from legitimate operators. In effect it could be a revenue-neutral venture, while diminishing the underground economy.

In addition to homeowner incentives, government agencies such as Canada Revenue Agency, local building departments, Workplace Safety and Insurance Board and the Ministry of Labour should better co-ordinate and share information to catch illegal renovators.

It’s crucial for homeowners to practise due diligence, and they need clear information about the risks involved in dealing with underground operators. The CHBA publication, “Get It In Writing” addresses this need. It’s accessible on the LHBA website ( and has proven to be a useful tool to educate homeowners. In the coming years the home renovation industry is expected to grow significantly. As new technology is developed and the demographics change, homes will be renovated to become more efficient and adaptable to ever changing lifestyles. It is important that these renovations are completed by competent, legitimate contractors that produce a high quality, safe product that conforms to current building codes.

Ted Melchers is president of the London Home Builders’ Association

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Pre-9th Century

Dioskurides: codex neapolitanus: Napoli, Biblioteca nazionale, Ms. Ex Vindob. Gr. 1 Salerno; Akademische Druck-u. VerlagsanstaltRoma; Graz 1988 1 v. : facsims.; 32 cm; Spine title: Erbario greco (Dioscoride).; Edition limited to 480; no.22.; In slip case.; Dioscurides Neapolitanus (Manuscript); Codices selecti phototypice impressi; v.88.; Codices mirabiles; v.2. R126 .D5 1988 Special Coll.

Codex Neapolitanus is one of the oldest manuscripts in the tradition of Materia Medica, the leading pharmacological work of Greco-Roman times, written by the Greek surgeon Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century A.D. The Neapolitan codex can be dated to the early 7th century, although it is still a question as to whether it was made in Byzantium or in Italy. It includes a great number of botanical illustrations and descriptions of plants in all their details. G. Cavallo suggests that the miniatures in the manuscript were obviously a product of the activity of Greek artists in Italy. The 403 miniatures depict different plants and bear unique testimony to the skill of the illuminators of this period. Until the early 18th century, the original manuscript was kept in the Augustine monastery S. Giovanny a Carbonara in Naples. In 1718, the Habsburgs took it back with them to the Viennese Court Library and the conclusion of the peace negotiations after World War I, the codex returned to Naples in 1919, to the Biblioteca Nazionale, where it is now kept.

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Find Beaders and share designs, ideas, and inspiration!

I’m a New Zealander living in Auckland (our largest city). The area I live in is called Titirangi, which in Maori means “fringe of heaven”. It is indeed … Titirangi is the gateway to the Waitakere Ranges, an area rich in native forest.

Jewelry-making is my favorite craft activity at the moment, but I also enjoy textile printing, patchwork and other fabric arts.

My day job is teaching English as a second language to adults. This is undoubtedly the best job I’ve ever had – really interesting people from around the world who come to New Zealand to improve their English, meet other students and Kiwis and have a great time.

Discover more about my jewelry making at my blog …

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  • Susannabeads commented on the Design “New Necklace & FB page!”   4 years, 2 months ago

    Yummy colours, fruit of the vine … I love the green, copper and deep purple. My fruit of the vine project is less ornate than yours, and uses a lime green chiffon ribbon instead of the chain you’ve used – I really like the chain!

  • Susannabeads commented on the Design “Autumn Essence”   4 years, 2 months ago

    A really interesting mix of colours and shapes, beautiful work.

  • Susannabeads commented on the Design “endless summer”   4 years, 2 months ago

    Beautiful … so simple, yet it says summer and the beach.

  • Susannabeads commented on the Design “From the earth necklace”   4 years, 2 months ago

    I wish I could tell you more about the pendant, but I think I bought it years ago when I loved beads but hadn’t started beading seriously. As a result I didn’t note down what the stone was. I’ve had a look around the gemstone beads on the Limabeads website, and wonder if it might be [...]

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Server Maintenance, Wednesday, January 29th, 2014

All game servers will be down for maintenance on Wednesday, January 29th, 2014, at 5am PST / 7am CST / 8am EST / 1pm UTC/GMT. Estimated downtime is approximately 4 hours.

With this maintenance:

  • The Fortune Teller event continues until February 5th!
    • We'll be adding a Fortune Reading ticket for 1 adena to the L2 Store. Limited to 1 per account. The 1 adena Fortune Reading ticket will be available after our regularly scheduled maintenance and will only be available for 24 hours. The 1 adena Fortune Reading ticket will only be available to Level 85+ characters.

  • The start time for the Dimensional Castle Siege will begin 2 hours earlier starting this Sunday, February 2nd. The Dimensional Castle Siege will now begin at 12pm PST / 2pm CST / 3pm EST / 8pm UTC/GMT.
  • Standard server maintenance will be performed.

All website login, account management functions, and NCoin purchase functions will be unavailable during this time as well. Estimated downtime for the website is approximately 3 hours.

If you have any questions about the changes taking place during tomorrow's maintenance, please feel free to post them on the Lineage II forum.

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Abstracts of selected articles flag

Vitamin D as an Important Steroid Hormone in Breast Cancer

Authors: Obermannová Radka, Demlová Regina, Drábová Klára, Melichárková Kristýna, Greplová Kristýna, Mrkvicová Martina, Zdražilová Dubská Lenka, Vyzula Rostislav, Valík Dalibor

Klinicka onkologie Journal. 2014; 27(Supplementum 1): 143-149. DOI: 10.14735/amko20141S143.

Vitamin D is the third steroid hormone playing important biological roles in the development of breast cancer. Decreased plasma levels of its 25- hydroxyderivative, 25-OHD, display robust associations with higher incidence of breast cancer and shorter overall survival. Although no consensus exists, most authors agree that optimal plasma levels shall be within 75– 150 nmol/ l whereas levels higher than 375 nmol/ l can be potentially toxic with higher risk of hypercalcemia. To date, no data are available on the optimal levels of vitamin D related to the risk of breast cancer development, its phenotype features and the course of the disease. Published studies mostly describe associations among higher levels of 25-OHD and lower biologically aggressiveness of the tumor. The polymorphism of VDR gene coding for the steroid receptor for vitamin D may be associated with higher disease incidence and also be of negative prognostic signifi - cance in breast cancer. This review presents an overall summary of the current knowledge and publications on vitamin D and breast cancer.

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WPS54G firmware 6047 w/WPA Available Here!

Discussion in 'Other Linksys Equipment' started by jdepew, Mar 23, 2005.

  1. jdepew

    jdepew Administrator Staff Member Member

    Thanks to user cnegron we have available the latest firmware for the WPS54G Wireless-G Print Server.

    So far we know that this supports WPA-PSK.

    Unfortunately, I have the still as yet not updated WPS54GU2, so I cannot check this firmware out. If you have seen any other enhancements let us know!

    Download ver 6047 in the Downloads Section -> HERE.

    NOTE: This firmware is NOT for the WPS54GU2

  2. howardp6

    howardp6 Network Guru Member

    Like beta version 6046 only supports WPA-PSK TKIP not AES,
  3. Bradford

    Bradford Network Guru Member

    Sorry I'm not quite clear? My WPS54G-UK has firmware 6046 with WPA-PSK/TKIP only (no AES). (It came out of the box that way.)

    Does firmware 6047 support AES? I'm inferring from howardp6's post that it doesn't.

    If not then no other obvious changes?

    Would this firmware work properly on the WPS54G-UK (United Kingdom) Printer Server anyway?
  4. howardp6

    howardp6 Network Guru Member

    There may have been problems with firmware 6046, but since there is no documentation on firmware 6047, we will not know until an official firmware release. Actual 6046 was release as a beta, even through it it was installed on some WPS54G's. You would lose channels twelve and thirteen. If you choose to do a firmware upgrade, connect the WPS54G to your network with a Ethernet cable, while you do the upgrade.
  5. mykmelez

    mykmelez Network Guru Member

    firmware flashing failed three times

    I tried to flash the firmware on this device from 6046 to 6047, but it failed three times. The first two times my browser timed out waiting to hear back from the print server, and when I went to reload the print server admin page there was no change in firmware version.

    The third time the print server actually shut down--all LEDs went dark--and I had to unplug it and then plug it back in to get it back up and running. Note that per instructions I did have the print server plugged into my router with an Ethernet cable while I did the firmware upgrade.

    The three failures don't appear to have affected print server operation, since I can still send jobs to my hp LaserJet 1012 through the print server, and they mostly print fine. The only problem I'm having is that one machine, a Mac OS X laptop, can only print one page at a time of a 13 page PDF file. If I try to print more than one page at a time the second and subsequent pages never print. The same document prints fine from my Linux laptop, though, so it's not a general problem with the print server.
  6. howardp6

    howardp6 Network Guru Member

    Re: firmware flashing failed three times

    Hopefully you unzipped the file for thw firmware and did not attempt to use the zipped version of the firmware.
  7. mykmelez

    mykmelez Network Guru Member

    Re: firmware flashing failed three times

    Yes, I did unzip it. The archive was called Appj08_6047.zip, and it contained one file, APPJ08.BIN. That's the file I uploaded to the device in an attempt to upgrade its firmware.

    Note that I did this on a Linux laptop running Firefox, which *shouldn't* make any difference, but you never know. More likely, version 6047 was never intended to replace version 6046, rather it's an upgrade for an earlier version of the firmware, and it doesn't work as an upgrade from version 6046.

    I should note that although I initially thought I needed version 6047 to do WPA, apparently version 6046 also supports it. Complaints from netizens about the lack of WPA support in these devices were based on earlier versions of the firmware. I'm not using WPA now, but I will in the future. Still, it doesn't look like I need this firmware upgrade to use it, so I'm going to stop trying to upgrade my firmware and start enjoying my new print server.
  8. howardp6

    howardp6 Network Guru Member

    I had firmware version 6046 on my WPS54G and it upgraded sucessfully. No you did not need version 6047 to get WPA-PSK it was uncluded in firmware version 6046.
  9. jdepew

    jdepew Administrator Staff Member Member

    glad to hear you found a solution that works for you!

    Let us know how you like the print server, and if you have any other problems that you encounter with it.

  10. bandido

    bandido Guest

    I upgraded to firmaware 6047 and I can't use wirelles now, only rj45. Where can I find the 6046 firmware ? Thanks.
  11. NightRage

    NightRage Guest

    semi successful upgrade

    the upgrade process went smoothly, however it didn't fix the problem i was expirencing.

    When i put in my wep keys (128 bit hex) it will only save the first key.

    I don't have that key setup as the default on my other equipment, and i don't have any intention of doing it.
  12. surfnmadness

    surfnmadness Network Guru Member

    Well, I tried to load the WPA option, screen will not stay long enough to make the changes. I tried to disable WEP and even stop the page as it loads. As soon as the Cisco logo loads at the bottom, the device seems to think it need to get rid of the WPA options. So, 6047 firmware does not seem to enable WPA just yet for me.

    *** Update - Found that WPA does work in Infrastructure mode, but no Adhoc. Option just is not there for Adhoc.
  13. jdepew

    jdepew Administrator Staff Member Member

  14. Advis

    Advis Network Guru Member

    I've got a WPS54G with 6046 firmware and am having problems updating it to 6049 as I'm getting an error message : Upgrade fail! Please make sure your upgrade file is correct. I get a similar message in Bi-Admin util. Any ideas? If anyone has the 6047 firmware binary could you get in contact as I'm thinking it might need to be upgraded to that before 6049.

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Stormy Peters Discusses the Open Source Software Model

Rikki Kite

ROSE Blog: Rikki's Open Source Exchange

Mar 12, 2009 GMT
Rikki Kite

Stormy Peters took Dave Neary's slot at OSiM and developed a talk to fit his topic title: Increasing Ecosystem Collaboration through Open Source

On her blog, she writes, "While some companies have figured out how to work together, either through consortia or through their employees that work on the same open source software projects, others are still figuring out how to collaborate and still keep a competitive advantage. Open source enables companies to collaborate."

Stormy suggests a few ways that companies can better collaborate with other companies, and she asks for reader-submitted ideas, too. Check out her blog post for an outline of her talk, and leave her a comment with suggestions for how companies can collaborate effectively.

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  1. #1

    What process is changing /etc/fstab and deleting my swap mou

    Just recently I have reconfigured my hard disks and created a new swap partition. I put an entry in /etc/fstab, and swapon -a, mounts and uses it.

    But, twice now, I have booted Mandrake to find no swap available, and upon looking, I find the line I put in the /etc/fstab file has been removed.

    I didn't know that ANYTHING could change fstab except me editing it manually.

    Please help

  2. #2
    Linux Enthusiast
    Join Date
    Feb 2005
    SE, Stockholm
    It might be your cron jobs for msec that does this.
    I think msec will keep track on a few files on your system to ensure root-kit's and stuff like that.

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Linux Today: Linux News On Internet Time.

More on LinuxToday

Weekend Project: Pre-Loading Maps for Open Source Navigation Apps

May 21, 2011, 13:24 (0 Talkback[s])
(Other stories by Nathan Willis)

"Map-based navigation: it's one of the killer apps for any mobile platform. The only sticking point is getting the maps. Downloading map tiles on the fly is the default solution for most navigation apps, but pre-loading makes more sense when it's possible. Unfortunately, open source navigation apps have earned a reputation for clunky and awkward map-loading interfaces.

"This weekend, let's look at a simpler method, so you can get on the road quicker."

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