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Folic Acid Reverses the Effects of Cannabis on the Brain of New Born Wistar Rats

There are conflicting reports on the effect of Cannabis on brain cells, some reports support damage to brain cells while others do not. This work was carried out at the neuroscience unit of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. It investigated the neurodegenerative effect of extract of Cannabis sativa plant on brain regions in newborn Wistar rats exposed to Cannabis in utero and also combining the antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of folic acid to reverse these changes particularly in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum in the group that received folic acid and cannabis. Four groups of pregnant Wistar rats were treated from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy as follows: group A received 2ml of normal saline solution per os, group B received 2.0 mg /kg body weight of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa plant dissolved in normal saline per os, group C received 2.0 mg /kg body weight of Cannabis sativa extract and 40 mg/kg body weight of folic acid tablets (Emzor®) and group D received 2 mg/kg body weight of folic acid per os. The rat pups from group B showed deficit in locomotor function with spongiosis and astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, cerebellum and hippocampal regions of the brain. While pups from group A showed normal locomotor activities with no visible lesions in regions of the brain such as the cerebrum, cerebellum and the hippocampus. Group C pups were presented with normal locomotor activities with congestion of vessels in cerebrum and meninges and scattered areas of cell loss in the cerebrum, cerebellum hippocampus and corpus callosum and group D pups showed normal locomotor function, with vascular congestion in the meninges and cerebrum. We, therefore, concluded that folic acid which is a crucial factor in cell division, neurotransmitter production and an antioxidant in the nervous system could have a reversal of behavioural and locomotor deficits on nervous tissues exposed to Cannabis sativa extract by reducing the rate of cell death and increasing cellular stability and integrity in brain.

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Osinubi, O. , Onwuka, S. , Olopade, J. and Olude, A. (2019) Folic Acid Reverses the Effects of Cannabis on the Brain of New Born Wistar Rats. Neuroscience and Medicine, 10, 213-223. doi: 10.4236/nm.2019.103016.

1. Introduction

Cannabis plant originated from Northwest Himalayas. It is an annual decidious plant with leaves palmately compound or digitate and possess serated leaflets. Three varieties of cannabis plant known are Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis [1] [2]. Marijuana is a derivative prepared from the Cannabis sativa plant. It possesses cannabinoids, which produce mental and physical effects when consumed and is the most widely used illicit drug [3] [4] [5].

The active ingredient in cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and it gives three-phase effect in rats. A dose of 0.2 mg/kg decreased locomotor activity, while 1 - 2 mg/kg stimulated movements and at 2.5 mg/kg there is catalepsy [6]. When taken orally, the psychoactive effects take longer to manifest and generally last longer, typically lasting for 4 - 10 hours after consumption [7].

Works on Marijuana have shown significant performance impairment, 1 - 2 hours after use and residual effects up to 24 hours. There are evidences of cannabinoid receptors in rat brains during prenatal development and transfer of cannabinoids through placental blood during the gestation both in humans and in rodents [8] [9].

However, animal studies have yielded conflicting results. Treatment of rats with high doses of THC given orally for 3 months [10] or subcutaneously for 8 months [11] was reported to lead to neural damage in the hippocampal CA3 zone, with shrunken neurons, reduced synaptic density and loss of cells. However, in another study the potent synthetic cannabinoid WIN55, 2122 was administered twice daily (2 mg/kg) to rats and led to an apparent increase in hippocampal granule cell density, and increased dendritic length in the CA3 zone. In perhaps the most severe test of all, rats and mice were treated with THC 5 days each week for 2 years and no histopathological changes were observed in brain, even after 50 mg/kg/day (rats) or 250 mg/kg/day (mice) [12].

Folic acid/vitamin B9 is biologically active as tetrahydrofolate [13] [14]. It aids rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy [15]. It improves memory status by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the integrity of neurons during aging [16] and offer a protective role in neural cells in preeclampsia model rats [17].

Cannabis has been documented to cause damage to nerve cells through apoptotic mechanism [18] and available data suggest recovery of nerve cells from apoptotic damage by administration of Folic acid [19]. However, there are no available literatures on attempt to reverse the damage to nerve cells by Cannabis using an anti-apoptotic factor.

The study, therefore, will investigate the effect of high dose folic acid on cannabis-induced neurotoxicity using changes in body and brain weights, behavioral tests, histology and immunohistochemistry.

2. Materials and Method

Four groups of Wistar rats with three matured females and one male per group were used in this research.

This work was carried out at the neuroscience unit of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria from 24-5-2012 to 29-6-2012.

They were housed in a well-ventilated room in plastic rat cages, given water and feed ad libitum and allowed to mate. The animals received humane care according to criteria outlined in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the National Academy of Science.

Ethic regulations were followed in accordance with National and Institutional Guidelines for the Protection of Animal Welfare during the experiments.

Mating success was confirmed on the second day of introduction of the male rats by vulva examination for white plug. The females successfully whelped 21 days after mating and were allowed to suckle their pups for 15 days before sacrifice was done.

2.1. Preparation of Extract of Cannabis sativa Plant

Extract of Cannabis sativa plant was prepared by ethanol method [20]. 89.9 g of the leaves and seeds were soaked in 600 ml of ethanol 70% for 24 hrs and evaporated to dryness at 40˚C to yield 11.889 g of the extract (delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol) in syrup form.

2.054 g of extract was dissolved in normal saline (500 ml), and given at dose rate of 2 mg/kg/os using stomach tubes.

2.2. Folic Acid Tablets

Folic acid tablet (5 mg, Emzor®), was dissolved in normal saline and given at the dose rate of 40 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg/os using stomach tubes.

2.3. The Treatment Groups

Group A—Members received 0.2 ml of normal saline per os from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy.

Group B—Members were given 2 mg per kg body weight of Cannabis sativa extract per os from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy.

Group C—Members received 2 mg per kg body weight of Cannabis sativa extract per os and 40 mg per kg body weight of folic acid per os from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy.

Group D—Members received 2 mg per body weight of folic acid per os from Day 5 to 20 of pregnancy.

2.4. Sample Collection

The body weights of pups were taken on Days 6 & 15 (four pups/group) using a bench top balance and subjected to behavioral test on Day 15 (eight pups/group).

Sacrifice was done by administering ketamine 100 mg/kg Bwt and xylazine 10 mg/kg Bwt im.

The cranium was dissected to remove the brain, weighed and processed for Immunohistochemistry [21].

2.5. Immunohistochemistry

Procedure for anti-glial fibrillary acid protein:

Fixation of brain tissue is done in 4% phosphate buffered formalin for 72 hrs. Tissue is then processed for routine paraffin wax embedment and section cut at 5 µm for immunohistochemistry

Slides containing cut sections are heated in 10 mM citrate buffer for 25 minutes in microwave to retrieve the antigen. This is followed by peroxidase quenching in 3% hydrogen peroxide/methanol.

All sections were blocked in 2% skimmed milk and probed with anti-GFAP mouse monoclonal antibody 1:200 (sigma) for 16 hrs at room temperature.

Detection of bound antibody was done using appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibody in VECTASTAIN kit (Vector Lab USA).

Reaction product was enhanced with DAB for 6 - 10 minutes, with subsequent dehydration in ethanol and mounting on slides.

Immuno-reactive cells were viewed and pictures obtained using TSView® software on a mounted microscope.

2.6. Histology

Fixed brain tissues were processed for histological examination using the routine paraffin-wax embedding method.

Sections, 5 µm thick, were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and observed under the light microscope.

Pictures of slides were obtained using TSView® software on a mounted microscope.

2.7. Behavioural Studies

The pups were tested on: the open field (test for fear, hind limb strength and locomotor activity), hanging wire (test for fore limb strength) and for negative geotaxis (test for vestibular activity) [22] [23].

2.8. Statistical Analysis

The data obtained were presented as mean ± SEM, subjected to one way Anova test using graph pad prism 4 system to show differences between the mean values of all groups. A value of p < 0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant.

3. Results

3.1. Body Weight Gain

There was an observed increase in body weights in the treated groups B, C and D at Day 6 while this trend was abrupted at Day 15 in group C (20.02 ± 0.71) compared to group A (24.67 ± 0.75) (Table 1 and Figure 1).

3.2. Brain Weight

At Day 6, the brain weights in groups B (0.50 ± 0.02) and D (0.50 ± 0.01) were reduced compared to group A (0.55 ± 0.02) while group C had increased brain weight. At Day 15, groups C (1.11 ± 0.04) and D (1.08 ± 0.02) had reduced brain weight compared to group A (1.17 ± 0.02) while group B had an increased value (Table 2 and Figure 2).

Figure 1. Graph showing the mean values of body weight of rat pups at Day 15.

Table 1. Mean values of body weight gain in grams in 6- and 15-day-old rats.

Body weight data are presented in mean ± SD. *Indicates a statistically significant difference in the folic acid and cannabis group compared to the control.

Figure 2. Graph showing the mean values of brain weight at Day 15.

Table 2. Mean values of brain weight in grams in 6- and 15-day-old rats.

Brain weight data are presented as mean ± SEM.

3.3. Behavioural Tests

There is a reduction in locomotor activity (line crossing value of 7.00 ± 5.66), strong forelimb support (hanging wire value 14.00 ± 7.28) and slower vestibular response (negative geotaxis value 5.19 ± 2.75) in the cannabis exposed rats (group B) compared to the control group A, group C values showed a recovery of these deficits, except for the fore limb support (27.81 ± 19.13) where they showed greater strength (Table 3).

3.4. Histology

The histology of brain sections revealed diffuse spongiosis in some regions of the brain especially, the hippocampus, corpus callosum and alteration of cellular integrity in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in the cannabis groups. Severe capillary congestion at the cortex and sub-meninges were also seen. However, these lesions were not seen in the control and folic acid groups. The folic acid/cannabis group appeared to have a reduction in the severity of lesions, as indicated by the mild loss of eosinophilia in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (Figures 3(a)-(d)).

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 3. (a)-(d) Photomicrograph of cerebellum (6 days old pups) H and E ×400 (a) (Control), (b) (Cannabis treated); (c) (Cannabis and Folic acid treated) and (d) (Folic acid treated). Blue arrow indicates area of loss of eosinophilia, Red arrow indicates area of return of eosinophilia.

Table 3. Comparison of mean values for behavioural test on 15-day-old rats.

*indicates a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the group that receive cannabis only (5.12 ± 2.29) compared to control group A (4.87 ± 3.13) and folic acid group D (2.75 ± 2.71).

3.5. Immunohistochemistry

The Anti-Glia Fibrillary Acid Protein immunohistochemistry revealed reactive astrogliosis in most regions of the brain especially, the hippocampus and corpus callosum in the cannabis treated groups compared to the control and folic acid only groups which had normal astrocytes in these regions. Astrocytes in the folic acid/Cannabis group were reactive but the intensity of reaction was less compared to the cannabis group (Figures 4(a)-(d)).

4. Discussion

In this study, body weight measurements at Day 6 showed that both cannabis and folic acid caused an increase in body weight, but at Day 15, this increase was abrupted in the cannabis/folic acid group and this was statistically significant. This is possible because the groups that received cannabis had vascular congestion in most of the body organs (especially in the liver), which will gradually lead to cell loss and decrease weight. This is comparable to the studies by [24] and [25] which says that Cannabis possesses anti-proliferative property.

Cannabis, as used in this study, caused swelling and congestion of blood vessels to the brain which later result in loss of cells, particularly in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum, thereby, causing a decrease in brain weight. This is comparable to findings by [26] which showed that cannabis causes vasodilation and congestion in the CNS, leading to structural damage to cells or total loss of cell.

In this study folic acid caused decrease brain weight. It disagrees with findings of [27] which states that folic acid causes an increase in brain mass.

Behavioural test results showed that cannabis causes locomotor deficit, panic increase in muscle strength, isolation, fear, incoordination and anxiety. These findings are comparable to those of [28] [29] [30]. However, the deficit in locomotor function and incoordination were reversed by folic acid but folic acid did not improve confidence status of the pups.

Histology revealed, in the cannabis group, structural damage to cells and areas of complete cell loss in corpus callosum, hippocampus and cerebellum. In the

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 4. (a) - (d) Photomicrograph of Corpus Callosus (6 days old pups) GFAP ×1000 (a) (Control); (b) (Cannabis treated); (c) (Cannabis and folic acid treated) and (d) (Folic acid treated). Arrows indicate reactive astrogliosis.

cerebellum, the cells in the Purkinje layer had pyknotic nuclei with loss of cytoplasmic eosinophilia. However, in the folic acid/ cannabis group, the cytoplasmic eosinophilia returns, though areas of complete cell loss persist. These lesions were not seen in the folic acid and control groups confirming the fact that cannabis is capable of causing neurodegenerative changes in the CNS through an apoptotic mechanism [11] [17] [31].

Immunohistochemistry revealed that the intensity of astrocytic response was reduced when folic acid was used as an antidote to nerve cells exposed to cannabis intoxication. This is comparable to the study carried out on mice by [31] which showed that it was possible to slow down astrocytic response by administration of some factors especially anti-stroke factors.

In conclusion, this study has been able to show that deficit in locomotor function can occur in pups whose dams received cannabis in normal saline by oral route during gestation due to loss of cell integrity in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. When these cells are exposed to Cannabis, they build up excitatory impulses which can start off programmed cell death. Folic acid removes the apoptotic factor homocysteine from nerve cells, thereby stopping the process of cell death. These nerve cells will then be available for subsequent impulse transduction, creating a situation that resembles the reversal of deficit in locomotor function caused by cannabis. However, the work was not able to quantify the extent of damage to nerve cells by cannabis and the stage at which recovery sets in. It is, therefore, necessary that further studies be carried out at ultrastructural level, to quantify and describe the damages observed and extend the number of days that the pups were observed before sacrifice.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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Monday , October 25 2021

Inflation and scarcity result in the cost of funeral services

November 4, 2018, 2:05 am

If those who are losing a serious cross in a beloved abroad, then no less for those whose relatives die in Venezuela. Funeral prices have waned, though the candles are less expensive and the material with which the ballot papers are made are cheaper. The full range of services varies between 17,000 and 18,000 sovereign bolivarries, while the cheapest coffin is worth 8,000 sovereign boluses.

Venezuelans have obtained funeral policies through insurance or co-operatives precisely to avoid the budget downturn associated with burial of misfortune, but Romel Cañas, Director General of the Confederation of Funeral Industry, points out that, in the event of an acute crisis, they are becoming more and more rare cases. "Projections have almost disappeared because of devaluation. They are linked once a year and are usually paid monthly, but inflation is so subtle that two or three months after the conclusion of the insurance contract, the amounts do not reach the service quarterly."

Because of the high costs, mourners had to return relatives in their own home to wear their mattresses because they could not pay for a service. In August, the young man, Jhonatan Sánchez, was taken and, after his death, was taken to the Santa Bárbara Temple in Rubio to receive the priest's blessing. His family did not have the resources to buy the coffin.

Javier Montoya, president of Asoproinfu, justifies growth, pointing to the sector's weaknesses. "For example, polished steel sheets are not manufactured in the country, and burial houses need to buy them in other markets, the coffin carrying 4 pieces, each worth approximately $ 17. This explains how expensive the polls are." The 220 liter formaldehyde tank is up to 77,000 he can spend a sovereign, "he added.

"We are not mortal dealers. On the contrary, we are leading the Venezuelans. For example, people can reduce costs, only for a few hours the deceased," he added.

Those who have to face love in a beloved Venezuelan are also unsafe for administrative delays. For example, the Prefectures stopped the 24-hour timetable for the cremation or burial permit and this also prevents funerals.

Creeping is unsafe. This practice is not only for those who reject traditional burial, but also for those who need to reduce costs.

Cañas explains that with this alternative, funeral prices are reduced by more than half because they do not use urns or pit. "A traditional service needs to spend 18,000 sovereign bolivars, while cremation still spends 10,000 bolivar, with a maximum of 8,000 boluses, and this is because the 24-hour revival traditions will continue to survive." Now, however, there are serious problems with the gas supply to the crematorium.

"Crematories are not of paramount importance to the state authorities responsible for gas supply," he complains. "For example, at this time there was no gas for eight days, so there is no cremation in the Táchira state."

Another problem facing the funeral sector is the lack of spare parts for vehicles and swimmers. "Because of the lack of batteries, the cars stopped. It's difficult because you want to keep working, but it's really complicated," he says.

Tragic hazards on risky routes

Khevin Fagúndez

The humanitarian emergency has prompted the Venezuelans to leave the country in mass, a phenomenon described by the International Commission on Human Rights in the form of forced labor.

Not everyone can afford to emigrate by plane or bus ticket and choose non-conventional routes. There are some who have done it in private vehicles, bicycles and walking. Others leave on ships or other ships at sea, many of them uncertain. Traveling under such circumstances means risks that have had a fatal outcome several times.

The tragic end of the most recent episode appeared on October 20 when the shipwreck was reported on the island of Cacho Santana on Aruba, a ship that left the city of El Supí in Paraguay, Falcón, where about 20 people traveled. Later, Wilfredo Vilela (39) and Jhonny Perozo (24) were found.

However, "you can not determine how many people were on the boat or how many people died", says Luis Stefanelli, deputy national parliament.

He adds that the confiscation bodies of Aruba's Justice Minister Aandy Bikker have been repatriated.

Family members reported in media interviews that they claimed 4,580 florins, more than $ 2,500, to ship the remains.

"It is unfortunate that these types of paper should be canceled in foreign currency because it is a very tough blow to the pocket of the family in question. In fact, many have been obliged to financially support non-profit organizations to reimburse costs," says Stefanelli.

He adds that because his deceased brothers can not be found in Aruba's wreck, family members have expressed doubts about their identity: "DNA tests are required to make sure they really are."

The authorities still have to respond to this request.

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TOKYO, Apr 1, 2021 - (JCN Newswire) -  Effective today, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has changed the name of its London-based European subsidiary from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Europe, Ltd. to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries EMEA, Ltd. (MHI-EMEA). The change reflects the entity's expanded role as MHI's regional headquarters for the Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) region.

The name change goes hand in hand with the launch of a new leadership structure, with MHI Executive Vice President Kentaro Hosomi taking up the positions of MHI Chief Regional Officer (CRO) for the EMEA region and MHI-EMEA Chief Executive Officer. "Having been deeply involved in MHI Group's energy transition strategy, I will focus on integrating and expanding our diverse business activities relating to the energy transition. Europe and the wider EMEA region has been a key driver behind global efforts towards achieving net-zero targets. I look forward to strengthening our collaborative partnerships with our customers and stakeholders to accelerate the achievement of a sustainable carbon-free society," commented Kentaro Hosomi.

Also effective April 1, 2021, MHI-EMEA has expanded its operational footprint with the establishment of a new branch in Duisburg, Germany and a liaison office in Brussels, Belgium. Prof. Emmanouil Kakaras, Executive Vice President NEXT Energy Business, will lead the new team that will focus on the growth of MHI's energy transition related business. At the center of activities will be the company's expertise along the hydrogen value chain and broader decarbonisation technologies, particularly in light of the recent initiatives across the region to mitigate climate change and meet net-zero targets.

About MHI Group

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Group is one of the world's leading industrial groups, spanning energy, logistics & infrastructure, industrial machinery, aerospace and defense. MHI Group combines cutting-edge technology with deep experience to deliver innovative, integrated solutions that help to realize a carbon neutral world, improve the quality of life and ensure a safer world. For more information, please visit or follow our insights and stories on

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trivial shennanigans

Wassup 2008

As seen more or less seen everywhere on the blogosphere (micro/SocNet or otherwise) here’s a film guaranteed to make you smile:

I almost had a tear in my eye in the last frame. The US people have got such an opportunity. Surely in 20, even 10 years time this will be seen as a turning point. I hope that it’s upwards, but it still could be towards darkness. The Human race is on the real cusp of a new age. It’s an extremely exciting time to be alive, but we’ve got so many tough decisions to take. To use an apt financial metaphor for these times of troubled financial institutions, as a race we must realise that we are morally, financially and environmentally overdrawn. There’s just too many of us. The Earth is way past being a finite resource to plunder and a plughole to wash away our crap. The bottom 10% are getting poorer, yet the top 10% are indecently rich. The only way to maintain this is to remove people’s rights. But what examples do we set to poorer people who see the rich West ruining their own countries.

Somehow I cannot see a continuation of the Bush regime being of help in our future. I hope that in 9 days time I will be happy to go live in the US (not that I plan to mind you!). I’ve never had that feeling before, but I envy the Americans now. I really hope the American people realise that they really do hold a lot more than just their people’s fates in their hands. They could truly have a leader to be proud of (something that as a UK citizen I’ve never felt).


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

text:
rating: +45+x
Item#: 5306
Containment Class:
Secondary Class:
Disruption Class:
Risk Class:

Special Containment Procedures: SCP-5306 is contained in a standard humanoid containment cell at Site-63.

SCP-5306-A is kept in Warehouse B of Site-63. Access for testing purposes is currently unrestricted.

SCP-5306-B is to be kept in storage locker 7-D in Site-63. Currently, SCP-5306 is not permitted access to SCP-5306-B.

Description: SCP-5306 is an animate, sapient human skeleton dressed in a tattered coat, leather boots, and three empty holsters on its belt for various weapons, all of which show signs of severe water damage. The entity wears an eye patch over its left socket, despite lacking eyes in both. When SCP-5306 is damaged, it will regenerate within an hour; this regeneration appears to function similarly to a reptile regenerating lost limbs, although there does not seem to be any limit on which body parts can be reformed. The regeneration has interfered with carbon dating attempts to determine SCP-5306's exact age, although it claims to be over three hundred years old. The anomaly does not require sustenance to survive, but does seem to enjoy the action of pouring sea water into its mouth. SCP-5306 refers to itself as "Captain Frederick."

SCP-5306-A is a brigantine ship with several holes and other signs of damage along the hull. Despite the damage, it remains functional and is capable of diving and resurfacing. SCP-5306-A is capable of regenerating in a similar manner to SCP-5306, although it always retains a small amount of damage. SCP-5306 can operate SCP-5306-A on its own, even though ships of its model typically require multiple crew members to operate.

SCP-5306-A was found at the bottom of the ocean slightly off the coast of Florida in 2012, but it was not connected to SCP-5306 until 2021.

The following timeline has been constructed from oral histories and legends describing events involving SCP-5306-A.

1738: SCP-5306-A is first seen attacking a fleet of trade ships in the Atlantic ocean.

1742: SCP-5306-A is sunk in battle for the first time. An hour later, it rises out of the sea and successfully destroys the ship that was responsible for the damage.

1768: A cache of gold coins is found buried near a small fishing village near the site of a previous SCP-5306-A attack. The following day, the village is burned to the ground and the gold is lost. Locals claim SCP-5306 was responsible.

1805: SCP-5306 is captured while looting a damaged ship. It escapes by injuring itself to the point that it can fit through a small hole in the ship's hull.

1822: SCP-5306-A is sunk in battle with multiple trade ships. SCP-5306-A resurfaces and continues the fight but is sunk again. SCP-5306-A is sunk an additional three times before it destroys the entire fleet.

1873: A cache of gold coins is found buried near a large trade port close to the location of a previous SCP-5306-A attack. A ship resembling SCP-5306-A is seen approaching the town through the fog, but it does not engage.

1889: SCP-5306-A attacks a fleet of trade ships, and is sunk in battle. SCP-5306-A resurfaces an hour later but does not re-engage.

1917: SCP-5306-A is sunk in battle and does not resurface.

2021: SCP-5306 is taken into Foundation custody after it is seen in a computer supply store in San Jose, California.

After SCP-5306 was apprehended, a raid was conducted on its place of residence, a houseboat that was docked near the location of the entity's capture. Locals reported never having seen the boat before it arrived earlier that morning. The following items of note were found within the boat:

  • One sketch of a ship matching SCP-5306-A.
  • One half-complete model of an 18th century brigantine.
  • Four pirate-themed novels, each somewhat water damaged.
  • One set of golf clubs that had accumulated a significant amount of dust.
  • One wastebasket containing various bills dating between 1963 and 2016 and a copy of How To Break an Ancient Curse by Itztlacoliuhqui-Ixquimilli.

The return of the items to SCP-5306 is pending.

The following interview was conducted shortly after initial containment.

Interviewer: Doctor Randal

Interviewee: SCP-5306

Randal: To begin this interview, we'd like to know what you were doing in that computer store.

SCP-5306: Lookin' to pick up some parts for my new ship. I heard they had a sale on.

Randal: And you didn't think they would be scared of you?

SCP-5306: There was a store selling pirate games next door, figured they wouldn't mind doing business with an actual pirate.

Randal: So you're a real pirate, not just in costume?

SCP-5306: Well 'course I'm real! I was a terror o' the high seas, scourge o' the European trade routes, and the richest corpse above ground! Or I was, anyway.

Randal: So you are aware that you're a skeleton.

SCP-5306: Yes.

Randal: Right then. Can you please tell us how you came to be that way?

SCP-5306: Oh, you know how it is. Steal gold from a tomb, get cursed to live forever as a skeleton, get a magic ghost ship. It was pretty standard piratin' back in the day.

Randal: Okay… do you know what happened to this gold?

SCP-5306: It's been almost three hundred years, I kind o' lost track.

Randal: Three hundred years? What have you been doing all this time?

SCP-5306: Well, for a while I would plunder merchant ships, got quite rich off o' that… then they started making ships out o' metal instead o' wood and replacing cannons with missiles. I couldn't keep up. It just wasn't a stable career anymore.

Randal: So you retired?

SCP-5306: For a while. I kicked back, took up a few hobbies. But I couldn't handle the quiet un-life. So I modernized my business. I found a new form of piracy that doesn't have any chargin' into battle, but still has all the thrills and adventure.

Randal: Really? Can you elaborate on this?

SCP-5306: It's a pretty big site actually, femur island dot-com. I actually had more fun with that than any of my time on the water. The internet is about as lawless as the open sea, but I don't have to worry about being shot at.

Randal: Uhh… Never heard of it.

SCP-5306: You should check it out. I got a lot of pirate movies on it. It's uncanny just how accurate some of them are.

Randal: This might be a problem.

Following this interview, Foundation staff returned to SCP-5306's place of residence and found an anomalous laptop hidden under the bed. The laptop, hereafter designated SCP-5306-B, had been decorated with multiple pirate-themed stickers and had the name █S█S Flying Anne's Pearl1 engraved on the back. SCP-5306-B is anomalously buoyant and is immune to any damage that could be caused by water. When damaged by other sources, SCP-5306-B regenerates in a similar manner to SCP-5306. It is also capable of functioning with no power supply and is able to receive a stable internet connection even while isolated inside a Faraday cage.

SCP-5306 told Foundation staff that it had been using its website,, to illegally distribute copied digital products for three years before it was apprehended by the Foundation.

SCP-5306 also told staff that had generated over a million dollars since its inception. Foundation use of this website to cover containment costs is currently under Ethics Committee review.

Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License


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… took place at the 17th and 18th of January 2019 at the campus of the University of Economics of Vienna, which is the lead partner of our Erasmus+ Knowledge Alliance SDGs Labs.

All consortium partners from four different countries (Austria, Germany, Italy and Portugal) and eight different organizations/institutions joined the kick-off workshop and we used those two days for team building, preparing next steps and agreeing on milestones for the upcoming months. The days were packed, full of input and hard work, whereas the evenings were full of chatter and informal get-to-knows while trying out local and organic restaurants here in Vienna.

During the kick-off event we also had the chance of a first encounter with one of our associated partners in the region, the start-up markta.at, that shared their inspiring vision of an online farmer’s market with us.

Besides hard work, we also had great joy and merged as a team that feels ready and eager now to encounter the next months and deliver the promised outcomes of our application.

Let’s get the SDGs Labs journey started, making the SDGs our business!


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Ricerca di contatti, progetti,
corsi e pubblicazioni

Master of Science in Cognitive Psychology in Health Communication (biomed) (MPHC)

The Master in “Cognitive Psychology in Health Communication”, jointly offered by the Faculty of Biomedical Sciences of the Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) and the Faculty of Psychology of Vita-Salute San Raffaele University of Milan (UNISR), presents a Master degree programme in cognitive psychology with an interdisciplinary training in psychology, neuroscience, health communication, organizational behaviour and management. The programme focuses on the intersection between the theoretical bases of cognitive psychology and of communication applied to the context of health. Cognitive psychology is the study of all mental processes which drive simple or more complex behaviours, either normal or pathological. These include, among the many, verbal and non-verbal forms of communication, implicit and explicit memory, perception, attention, consciousness, problem solving, decision making, gratification, etc. Students who are admitted into the programme will receive an advanced theoretical background in neuroscience and modern psychology, will learn advanced research methods in psychology and health communication including a large variety of and statistical techniques and tools that can be used for the analysis of human behaviour in research labs, clinical departments, health frameworks and companies. A central goal of this programme is to familiarize students with the latest research and practice in these areas of research and help them translate and apply this knowledge in many different working environment including health psychology, communication, management, and marketing.


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Listing ID1852366
Total Baths4
Full Baths2
Partial Baths2
SqFt 3,401
Acres 0.093
SubdivisionIssaquah Highlands
Year Built2022
Property TypeResidential
Property Sub TypeResidential
Gorgeous open concept "Victorian" design, 2-story w/walk-out basement! This stunner will take your breath away... soaring entry, large wrapped windows, gorgeous open-rail staircase w/metal balusters & HDWDs on main level. 5 bdrms, Loft, Bonus, gourmet Kitchen w/HUGE island & Lux owner's suite w/spa like bath. Elegant cabinet & millwork package. Basement w/bdrm, bath & living area is ideal for work/study. Covered deck & patio, & more!
The database information herein is provided from the Northwest Multiple Listing Service (NWMLS). NWMLS data may not be reproduced or redistributed and is only for people viewing this site. All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. All properties are subject to prior sale or withdrawal. The information contained in this listing has not been verified by Realogics Sothebys Int'l Rlty (1013) and should be verified by the buyer. © 2021 NWMLS. All rights reserved. Data last updated: Monday, October 25th, 2021 01:28:48 AM.
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Pending Listing courtesy of Cascadian King Company LLC
Pending Listing courtesy of Cascadian King Company LLC

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Spiced Coffee BBQ Sauce

I would like to offer the suggestion to Bath & Body Works that they introduce a new scent that’s sure to “drive the guys wild”: BBQ Sauce.  For real.  It’s sweet, spicy, a little tangy, and full of character. Oh, and it tastes good, like really freakin, hold the phone good.  I would buy it.

Or, you could just make a batch of actual BBQ sauce, fill the kitchen with that smokey, peppery aroma, and then stand at the counter and eat it by the spoonful…umm, I didn’t do that (I totally did that).

This recipe uses ketchup, but you could easily substitute fresh or frozen tomatoes that have been pureed and cooked down to a thicker consistency.  With the spices in this recipe, it would be great on quesadillas, a fried egg sandwich with avocado, or even as a southwestern pasta sauce (I’m thinking black beans, corn, diced bell pepper, green onions, shredded red cabbage and macaroni).  Or you could go a different direction and do glazed grilled salmon or chicken wings.

The possibilities are endless, as is my appetite for this crazy-good condiment. But seriously, who’s with me…a BBQ sauce scented candle?  I could dig it.

Spiced Coffee BBQ Sauce

Recipe slightly adapted from tastykitchen.com

1/2 cup strong brewed coffee
1 cup ketchup
3/4 cup firmly packed brown sugar
1/2 cup apple cider vinegar
1/2 cup finely chopped shallots or onions
1/2 cup sweet red chili sauce
2 cloves minced garlic
2 T soy sauce
2 T ground cumin
1 1/2 T chili powder
1/2 – 1 tsp chili garlic sauce (store-bought or homemade)

Combine all ingredients together in a medium saucepan and bring to a boil. Reduce heat to low and simmer for about 45 minutes, until slightly reduced and thickened, stirring occasionally. Serve warm or cool completely and refrigerate. Will keep for about 2 weeks.

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Survey Data Mining:   Home | FAQ | Archive | Glossary
Free Reports

You are viewing an outdated report. The latest version of this report was published on October 1st, 2021

Web Server by IP Address - Server Report - httpd+ssl
June 1st, 2003

httpd+ssl Server by IP Historical Market Share Graph

Date Count % Share % Growth
May 20034760.022.47
Apr 20034560.024.96
Mar 20034300.023.28
Feb 20034050.022.10
Jan 20033880.028.51
Dec 20023400.0220.65
Nov 20022880.019.41
Oct 20022640.018.10
Sep 20022400.0119.50
Aug 20022000.0111.21
Jul 20021810.0110.38
Jun 20021610.0118.48
May 20021330.0111.60
Apr 20021150.01N/A

Note: Readers are cautioned that the Growth percentages are based on a server's market share penetration rather than the absolute number of servers we detected. Thus, it is possible for the number of server to increase, while the growth is actually a negative value.

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Beta Program > Bug Reports & Fixes

"Proceed to payment" button on website not working

(1/2) > >>

Adam Bottjen:
My license is coming due in about a month and I went to renew for another 3 years but after I add it to the cart, clicking on the "Proceed to payment" button does nothing. I tried Edge, Chrome and Internet Explorer. Thanks.

Hi Adam,

Just to clarify, at the SecureAPlus Online Store (, you did the following :

* Under 'License Upgrade', you clicked your license that you wish to renew
* Click 'Add' and 'Next' to proceed on
* your License Renewal Upgrade is displayed on 'Your Order'
And when you attempted to click 'Proceed to Payment' (Red Button), nothing happened afterwards?

Adam Bottjen:
Correct, I click proceed to payment and nothing happens, it's as if the button is dead.

Thank you for the information.

We have managed to replicate the issue - and are currently implementing a workaround for it.

In the mean time, instead of going to 'My Licenses > Renew License' to renew, you can renew your license now by :

* Go to Online Store :
* Under 'License Upgrade', select the license you wish to renew
* Click 'Add' and 'Next' to proceed on
* Check your order details before clicking 'Proceed to Payment'
Source :

Adam Bottjen:
I'm also enrolled in the new Beta, can I receive any points for pointing out this bug?

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EU countries should welcome more Afghans, says Commissioner

Migration from Afghanistan is likely to increase under Taliban rule, the European Union said on Wednesday, calling on member states to increase admission quotas for Afghans in need of protection, particularly for women and girls, Reuters writes. “Instability in Afghanistan is likely to lead to increased migration pressure,” Commissioner Ylva Johansson, head of migration and asylum at the EU Executive Commission, said in a statement.

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Stephen Frederic Dale
Ohio State University (Columbus, OH 43210-1132)
The Early Modern Islamic Empires: Ottoman Turks, Safavids of Iran, and Timurid-Mughals of India

This project is a comparative history of the Ottoman, Safavid and Timurid-Mughal Empires: a study of their common political and cultural heritage, their cultural ties and their distinct evolution as Muslim states. I am applying for an NEH fellowship to write a comparative history of the three great early modern Islamic empires: the Ottoman Turks (1300/1453-1922), the Safavids of Iran (1501-1722) and Timurid Mughals of Afghanistan and India (1526-1739/1857). These empires deserve to be the focus of a single, comparative study, as they were jointly represent the last great moment of Islamic civilization, a dynamic era in Islamic history that is too easily forgotten in the contemporary pre-occupation with fundamentalist Islamic theology and religiously sanctioned violence. These empires comprised the most militarily formidable, cultural sophisticated face the Islamic world presented to the outside world from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, and understanding them offers insight into the complex nature and vitality of pre-modern Islamic civilization, just as their collapse helps to explain the political and cultural despair felt by many contemporary Muslims in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. . . . I intend to write what the Russians term a "popular-scientific" book, an original interpretation intended for both academics and the educated public that will analyze the religious, political and cultural factors that shaped the character of these states, as was reflected in the policies of the rulers and exhibited in the art, architecture, literature and religious expressions they patronized. (Edited by staff)

[Grant products]

Project fields:
Area Studies

Fellowships for University Teachers

Research Programs

$40,000 (approved)
$40,000 (awarded)

Grant period:
10/1/2007 – 9/30/2008


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Bet You’ve Never Seen THIS Before!

When I’m not taking you out to see UFOs in the Sedona night sky, I might be performing with my band ONE, which is not to be confused with playing with myself.

As far as I know, ONE is the only act to put together a rock show where all the performers are one guy, and YOU have a chance to see it for yourself, if you’re in Sedona on December 7th at Vino di Sedona.

Heck, you could go out on a UFO Tour (5:30-7:00) and then come to the show (7:00-10:00).


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Take a visit with SEED Property Group to the Seaholm Power Plant Redevelopment.

We LOVE it when architects, developers and the City are able to resuscitate a historic treasure with care and give it new life. That’s the story down at Seaholm, the former City of Austin power plant that is now a friendly little enclave of high-rise residences, restaurants and businesses on the shores of Ladybird Lake.

We know, the idea of venturing out to Ladybird Lake for a drink, a breezy lunch date, or a Trader Joe’s shopping trip at first may seem daunting. Once you get through the traffic, what about the parking and crowds of people? Well, we are happy to report that a casual stop by at Seaholm is actually a piece of cake. The parking garage makes it easy to zip in and out and, because so many of the folks there live or work within easy walking distance, there is not a lot of car traffic to slow you down.

And the reasons to explore Seaholm are many—the viewing deck from the third floor of Boiler 9 Bar + Grill for one. With two vintage viewing telescopes and sight lines across the lake, this is a festive place to sip a libation from their very impressive bar, particularly during sunset. And do you know what could be perhaps more impressive? Taking up the challenge suggested to us by the hostess at the door—start at the funky bar in the basement and then drink your way up—each floor of this sleek restaurant has its own food and drink menu, so you can have three different experiences without leaving the building.

And for those visits in which you are not as cocktail-inclined, you can drench your system with healthier liquids at True Food Kitchen, the wholesome eating nirvana. A smart airy space where yummy quinoa bowls, curries, and kale salads abound, this a coveted lunch spot, particularly if you need a boost of really good healthy chow. And don’t worry about being too virtuous, they have an impressive beer and wine list here, too.


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Bathing a Big Dog

A soaking wet golden retriever looks like a pathetic drowned rat, but I suspect she enjoys the attention. Does being a water-loving dog include a bath at a pet store? I’m sure she’d rather frolic around in a dirty creek, but this lucky girl gets a shampoo and set about twice a year.

Some guide dog users I know never bathe their dogs, which might seem shocking. But they groom them every day, combing out loose hair and dirt, thus preventing that doggy smell. Another one uses a mobile dog groomer who comes to her house once a month for an outrageous price and bathes her dog in a decked out van for this purpose.

I prefer to bathe my own dog, especially after a couple of bad experiences at a dog-groomer’s shop. Once, Dora came out with a bleeding toenail, and I was furious. I had not told them to trim her nails, but they did anyway. She gets them filed down by walking miles on concrete sidewalks. Another time, she came out with little sores all over her body, which I did not notice until they scabbed over, and I was appalled and sad for her pain. I suspect they used one of those sharp instruments called a furminator, which again, I had not asked for, and they pressed down too hard. It’s a wonderful tool for removing the undercoat, but it costs extra to have them use it, and if it’s not used properly, it can cause cuts in the skin.

When I had Pippen, I just got in the shower with her at home, because she was a little squirt, but Dora is too big for my little bathtub.

Last week, I took her to Mutts and Co, where I was given a huge rubber apron, shampoo for sensitive skin, a special elevated tub, a hose for dispensing the shampoo and warm water, and another one for the dryer. With my friend Kathy’s help, we spent what seemed like hours getting her dry, but it was a frigid day, and I wanted her to not go out wet. Best of all, I had been told by someone that they gave discounts for service dogs, but the gal at the checkout didn’t know how much to discount, so she said it was free and handed me a coupon for the next bath.

Now my precious girl is clean as a whistle and ready for Christmas. She even gets to wear a Christmas bandana, which makes her feel even more special than she already is.

2 thoughts on “Bathing a Big Dog

  1. Wonderful story Mary. I don’t like leaving the bathing to groomers either. They are too callous from dealing with way too many uncooperative dogs. Hooray for a clean Dora!

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Glass and Panel Connector

Number Included: 3
Thickness: 10mm
Price: Price Available by Request

Items must be part of a $100 minimum order. Shipping is an additional cost to the order. $2.25 each.

Originally designed for glass, these connectors also double as connectors for panels. Perfect for mobile displays, they allow rapid assembly and disassembly, and glass or panels can be shipped flat.

Available for 3 or 4 connections and for glass or panel widths of 10mm or 12mm. Anodized Aluminum, Polished Brass Finish.

52mm wide x 38mm high.

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Father Christopher Alar Select International Tours and Cruises

Join Fr. Christopher Alar on Pilgrimage

Father Chris Alar, MIC, entered the Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception, the religious community entrusted with spreading the message and devotion of Divine Mercy, as a postulant in July 2006. Prior to that time, he received a Bachelor of Science in industrial engineering and a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Michigan. After working as an engineering manager at a Fortune 500 Tier 1 automotive company in Detroit, he began his own consulting firm in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 2000.

Answering the Lord’s call, he attended Franciscan University of Steubenville, in Ohio, for his philosophy studies, Dominican House of Studies in Washington, D.C., for his theology studies, and he earned his Masters of Divinity degree from Holy Apostles Seminary in Cromwell, Connecticut.

Fr. Chris wrote and produced the popular “Divine Mercy 101” DVD and is the author of the book After Suicide: There’s Hope for Them and for You. He is a nationally known speaker and a regular host and guest on EWTN. He also hosts the online “Divine Mercy Matters” series at DivineMercyMatters.org. He currently serves as “Fr. Joseph, MIC” the director of the Association of Marian Helpers, and is the head of Marian Press, located in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, home of the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy.

Upcoming Pilgrimage Trips

Shrines of France with Father Alar and Deacon Harold Burke-Sivers June 20-July 2, 2022

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Often overlooked and seldom detected, even by our close friends, this monster skulks amongst us daily. It is attracted to those susceptible to its influence, into whom it burrows like a worm, while normal people suffer nothing more than an occasional glancing blow.

Churchill called it his “Black Dog” and kept it at bay with copious amounts of Brandy and distractions such as the Boer, the First and Second World Wars. It quietly envelopes the susceptible with the illusion of a warm blanket on a cold evening before constricting and lowering its leaden unyielding weight. I am talking about the big “D,” depression. \

Trying to explain what depression is to someone who does not suffer from it, is like trying to explain the space time continuum to a toddler. Sure there are words we hear to which we nod wisely when we hear them as if we understand. Maybe we read them in a book, heard them on Oprah, but we can’t truly share the space of the sufferer; depression is a personal, insidious, opportunistic disease. Its complexity is individual; its power at times absolute, it is near impossible to explain. It imparts mind sheering anxiety and a feeling of utter and complete hopelessness on the sufferer. Even therapists and psychiatrists have a hard time getting their heads around it. That’s why they have thick prescription pads.

Depression has been described as a large wet carpet draped over ones body. It’s impossible to move with it; harder to remove it. Sometimes the only solution is to go with it and lie down - stay in bed. Fighting depression can be a futile and infuriating action and rarely works except to increase its intensity. Depression, like an enemy in warfare, is best dealt with at a distance and by avoidance.

True depression can be fatal; a natural born killer if left unattended. Leaving someone who you know is in an episode of severe depression alone may be the last time you see them alive. Trouble is you never know what’s going on in their minds, how severe it is, or if indeed they’re depressed at all. They’ll rarely tell you. Generally you learn to notice through their behavior or body language. You’ll develop a nose for it, if you care to.

People who have severe depression rarely see themselves as victims, though many do struggle in the quicksand of self pity without truly understanding why. Rather they see themselves as the cause of their problems and therein lies the rub. A depressive’s universe is torture by a thousand cuts as the whirlwind of the disease swirls around the afflicted, reinforcing negative thoughts that assemble to become a harsh - authentic - reality in their minds.

Depression magnifies the perceived cause of the negativity or life problems completely out of proportion, as if viewing a speck of dust through an electron microscope. The depressed can feel completely alone in a crowded room. They feel isolated; isolation is their bedfellow. Indeed bed is where they retreat to hide in the hope that depression will forget them and leave them alone. Eventually it does. And when it does the sufferer must act quickly to stave off the next onslaught.

What helps? Martin Luther King Jr told us that the best 10 cures for depression are “do something for someone less fortunate. Repeat that nine more times.” Good advice.

Deep melancholy can last from days to months. It can wax and wane like an irregular and unpredictable tide. Its severity can eviscerate the minds and souls of those who have it and those who live with the suffering – it’s merciless, intense and its effects cumulative for all concerned.

At times it can drive the sick insane - to the brink of suicide; to a point where suicide as an option is perfectly logical in the mind of the sufferer. They’re convinced absolutely, that ending their life makes perfect sense. For example, they believe that their family would be better off without them; that the pain is too much to deal with; that there is no purpose in living – there are a hundred variations. It can be like a light bulb of realization going off. It makes perfect sense.

Sometimes - rarely - there are a number of indicators of a terminal decision. Subtle signs such as giving away personal property; a sudden change from melancholia to calm; a tidying of affairs. An intervention helps as it buys time; time for the mind to re-address its warped logic.

Whether they push beyond the brink and commit suicide is only determined by results. If they’re alive, they didn’t go through with it. In simple terms, given time the mind will turn the thought around and the instinct of self-preservation returns and they go on to live another day. About 30,000 people commit suicide in the US annually for various reasons many stoked by depression, which, in case you haven’t already figured out, is a mental illness. Older white males are the leaders in succeeding at suicide while white females attempt suicide the most often, most times unsuccessfully. Perhaps the availably of means is why men have a higher success rate.

Why do people with severe depression stay alone? Many reasons; mainly it’s a coping mechanism. Sometimes it’s to avoid the plethora of advice from the amateur psychiatrists that fill the world who cheerily advise “oh, just shake it off…go for a walk…mind over matter…fight it, man, fight!...you’re letting it get the better of you…you’re weak.” There is a simple two word response to these pieces of advice and the second of the words is “off.” To a depressed person the advice – while well meaning - only increases they’re own feeling of worthlessness.

Medication can help. It is, I believe, the unmonitored medication of depression that leads down another fatal path, the path of addiction. Booze, pot ‘n pills, all work, albeit temporarily, to alleviate the symptoms of depression. The mind figures “if it worked last night, let’s do it again tonight, and tomorrow.” And you’re hooked. Alcoholism - addiction - in time intensifies the depressive cycle – drinking to fight depression; depressed because you drink, both chemically and emotionally. On and on – an initially unconscious but vicious cycle.

The few who succeed in getting out of this addictive cycle can enjoy a newfound method of harnessing, anticipating and, to some degree, controlling depression. A 12 step program promotes three key components; belief in a higher power (thus giving purpose to life); advice to help someone less fortunate (purpose and measurable outcome promoting self worth) and enforced humility by tidying up the past through facing past problems squarely and making amends for harms done (responsibility). Effective. Not bad advice for regular folks too. If we all did it the world might be a better place. Therapy and exercise are a key component in recovery as is prescribed non-addictive medication if needed. To work, the recovery tools are a life long daily process. Sometimes the dog slips its leash and bites again. It happens.

Next time you’re feeling blue and you wonder if you know how it feels to be truly depressed, you are as likely to be right as a person with a head-cold when comparing their symptoms to a person with terminal cancer.

If you want to help, be a friend, shut up and make them a cup of coffee. Oh, telling them you love them helps too. As does a hug.

And don't judge.

Author's Bio:

Evin Daly is a journalist and the publisher of ButlerReport.com, the popular world news website. He is also the President and founder of Child AbuseWatch.net, a child abuse prevention resource for the community and professionals. Mr. Daly is a volunteer Guardian as Litem at the 15th Judicial Circuit in Palm Beach. He is also certified in End of Life Care as a Care Center volunteer at Hospice by the Sea in Boca Raton.


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This article applies to selling in: United States

Manage Inventory Health overview

Manage Inventory Health combines the best of the Manage Excess Inventory and Inventory Age pages, giving you the ability to manage your excess and aged inventory in one place and use a variety of metrics to help you make decisions about repricing, advertising, or removals.

This page can help you optimize your inventory within your storage or restock limits, reduce costs, and improve your Inventory Performance Index (IPI) score.

Page features

The page offers many features to help you make the right decisions about your excess and aged inventory.

  • Customize your metrics: Click Table preferences on the right of the page to choose among metrics across sales, fees, pricing, and excess and aged inventory, and to view units that are in working, shipped, or receiving status. These metrics can help you make better-informed decisions about your inventory.
    • Learn about the metrics: Hover over the "i" icon for each metric to see the definition and other important information.
    • Sort the data: Metrics that can be sorted in ascending or descending order appear in bold. Click the metric name to sort the column.
  • Filter for inventory similarities: Choose among multiple filters to group products with similar inventory characteristics, including inventory age, storage type, and product condition. These filters can make it easier to decide on and take recommended actions.
    • Sort by inventory age: Choose an inventory age range from the Sort inventory age drop-down menu in the filter bar. Then click the up or down arrow in the Inventory age column.
  • View up to 250 ASINs per page: Spend less time clicking through multiple pages to review your products’ inventory health by changing your default product quantity per page. Use the drop-down menu at the bottom of the page to choose the number of products that you want to see on the page.
  • Search for similar products to evaluate inventory performance: Use the Search feature to find items that have similar product characteristics – for example, "blue" or "12-pack." You can then sort, filter, and take action on these items.
  • Create a single or bulk removal or liquidation order: Select the check box to the left of each product that you want to remove or liquidate, then open the drop-down menu for bulk action and select Create removal order above the Recommendations column. Your inventory will be entered automatically into the removal or liquidation order workflow. You can bulk remove or liquidate up to 50 products at a time.
Note: Only eligible products can be liquidated. For more information, go to FBA Liquidations.

What Manage Inventory Health can help you do

  • Avoid aged inventory and reduce storage costs: We recommend maintaining enough inventory to cover 30 to 60 days of your expected sales over the same time period. FBA sell-through is a good metric to help you maintain this level of cover. Aim to maintain at least a 2.0+ sell-through on your products.
  • Optimize within your storage limits: Add the Storage volume metric to your page from Table preferences, which will allow you to sort by your largest-volume products. Filter your products by Storage type, find the products that have the highest number of excess units, the lowest sell-through rate, or both, and then take action on those products to optimize your inventory within your storage limits.
  • Optimize within your restock limits: Filter your products by Storage type, sort your products by largest excess-unit quantity or lowest sell-through rate, and then take action on those products to optimize your inventory within your restock limits.

Frequently asked questions

What units are shown in the Inventory age column view?

The Inventory age column includes available plus reserved units minus units that are pending removal or liquidation.

What is the estimated long-term storage fee?

Inventory that has been in a fulfillment center for 365 days or more is subject to a long-term storage fee. The fee is assessed on the 15th of each month. Inventory age shows the number of units that would be subject to the long-term storage fee and the estimated fee amount as of the next charge date, assuming no further sales. For more information, go to Long-term storage fees.

Why are my sales summary amounts and units different from my sales on the orders detail page?

Manage Inventory Health shows sales shipped, and the orders detail page shows sales ordered. Manage Inventory Health sales and units data rely on sources that cause a one-day delay, whereas orders detail data is in real time.

Why is my total storage volume by storage type in the Inventory Age report different from my storage type usage (aka storage volume) in my storage monitor on the Inventory Performance dashboard?

Storage volume in the Inventory Age report equals the available inventory. Storage type usage shown on your storage monitor equals the available inventory plus unfulfillable and reserved units minus units that are pending removal or liquidation.

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Senior Correspondent

Patricia Jensvold wrote the following to highlight the perspective of a special needs child.

Hello God, it is me, Mark. Remember me? I talk to you just about every night. Most people don’t understand me when I talk, but I know you do.

Today I heard my kindergarten teacher tell my Mommy that I need to go to a speech therapist. She even said I should go to a special needs class at another school.

What is special needs? Is it a big building? Will there be monsters there?

God, does that mean I will have to leave home? Will I ever see my friends again? Can I take my Andy doll with me? Will my Mommy and Daddy go with me, or will they be glad to get rid of me? Maybe everyone will be happy if I go away.

My brothers call me a pest. Today when Eric came home he yelled at me because I played with his Matchbox farm. He seemed to think I was going to try to steal his tractors. Then Karl yelled because I broke his GI Joe.

God, you know I was just trying to have fun by myself when everyone else was too busy. No one seems to have time for me.

Every afternoon when I come home from kindergarten, Mommy is busy in the kitchen and Daddy tells me it is too cold or too muddy to go outside with him.

Today I found Mommy’s lipstick. I was just trying to experiment and see what I would look like. I thought it would make me pretty like Mommy, but instead of being happy, she was angry because I got a little on the floor. I could not help it if I stepped on it and then it got on her new bedspread. It was Mommy that stepped on the other piece and squished it all over her new carpet.

Will Mommy be happy to get rid of me? What about Daddy?

I love Daddy and I like to sit on his lap. But when I try to rub noses with him or get some kisses from him he hollers for me to stay out of his face. I just wish he would put the paper down so I wouldn’t have to throw something at him to get his attention.

I don’t know why he gets so mad, because I just throw little things at his paper.

I do not want to hurt anybody.

I didn’t want to hurt David, but when he called me a baby and would not play with me, I hit him. Then he told Mommy that I was a pest on the school bus. That made her mad all over again. Just now Daddy got mad because he found that empty cookie sack under my bed.

Everybody’s mad at me.

God, it is so good to know that you love me, and you won’t get mad at me. Will you go to special needs with me?

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20141231_seoulbeats_kris2014 is the year of the Kpopalypse!

Well, not really, but K-pop fans, admittedly myself included, have been declaring it to be. This year has brought rumour after rumour with breaking news about disbandment, members leaving their groups and agencies, and even marriage. And, as a result, fans are proclaiming K-pop to be nearing its end.

The K-pop industry has been riddled with issues all year long, but the state of panic among fans is, without a doubt, stemming from one agency and its yearlong slough of scandals: SM Entertainment. Now, I’ll admit it has been a quite drama-filled year, AND that SM has gotten the crappy end of the stick in terms of how the drama has been distributed throughout the industry, but aren’t we getting ahead of ourselves by dubbing 2014 the year of the K-pop apocalypse?

Basically, yes. While we might not always admit it, people love some good drama. And 2014, in the world of K-pop, delivered big time on our guilty pleasure. The scandals that seemed to stir up the most “apocalyptic” talk were Kris and Luhan‘s departures from Exo and Jessica‘s removal from Girls’ Generation. However, what’s happening, with SM in particular, is nothing to grab our survival kits and run to our fall-out shelters over.

To understand why, let’s first take a look at why SM’s issues might have drummed up notions of K-pop being in danger.

Girls’ Generation has arguably been the industry’s biggest and most successful group for years now, while Exo, despite debuting only three years ago, has built quite a large and devoted fan base. SM, in addition, has held strong to its position as the biggest and highest grossing agency in South Korea over the years. However, 2014 and its steady stream of inner conflicts has actually led to a major drop in the company’s stock value, notably putting them below YG Entertainment. This, I believe, is where the panic is stemming. But SM has had problems, like the ones it experienced this year, before, but a drop in stocks creates tangible proof that perhaps there may be more serious problems afoot. However, there really isn’t any need for concern here, at least not for fans.

Panic within the K-pop fandom seemed to gain momentum way back in May when it was revealed that Kris had left the group and was seeking contract nullification from SM Entertainment. Kris garnered some major criticism for his decision, probably because this was a serious threat to the stability of one of K-pop’s biggest and most beloved new groups, so the news was admittedly shocking, even devastating for some fans, and Luhan’s departure in October added fuel to that already red hot fire. Suddenly, issues of xenophobia-induced inequality and unfair and unhealthy contract restrictions swept the comment sections of every article on the issue. This exposed and rehashed some serious flaws in the Korean music industry that really hadn’t been acknowledged since 2009.

20141231_seoulbeats_super juniorBack in 2009, if you remember, Super Junior’s only Chinese member Hangeng said goodbye to the group at the height of their career and sought contract nullification for the same reasons as Kris and Luhan: unfair wages and treatment. So, as you can see, there really isn’t anything “new” happening.

Later in the year, the biggest and most buzzworthy story of the year was the news that Jessica had been removed from veteran girl group Girls’ Generation. This is without a question where K-pop fans felt the threat of an unstable industry. Things have yet to be cleared up about why Jessica was removed from the group, but if we go by what Jessica and her friends suggest, it was because of her desire to start her business, Blanc & Eclare, and maybe an impending marriage.

Girls’ Generation is a group with status and clout so it is reasonable to feel uneasy about the near impossible happening, which is a member leaving. Girls’ Generation always seemed to be a group that would be in it and out of it together. However, drawing the conclusion that K-pop is ending from this is still a stretch. Like it or not, groups break up, and it is actually far from uncommon for groups to lose members in the time that they are together and active. Yes, it seems beyond comprehension at times that Girls’ Generation would experience that, but they are still just like any other idol group.

What we need to remember is that SM Entertainment does not equal Kpop, and a drop in their stocks absolutely does not mean the agency is facing closure or failure. Rather than blowing up what happened this year to mean the end of K-pop itself, let’s try to look deeper into the issues and figure out why these things keep happening and where SM and the industry as a whole are flawed.

I suppose it is somewhat normal to want to give a grand explanation when bad things just keep happening one after the other, people do it in the regular world, too. However, the scandals, the drama, and “bad” things aren’t going to stop, even for the Korean entertainment industry, but I think it’s safe to say that K-pop isn’t going anywhere anytime soon.

So, as we usher in a new year of ups and downs with our favourite genre and beloved groups, let’s agree to make one of our New Year’s resolutions to not get quite so worked up over its downs.

(Images via SM Entertainment)
This piece was written by La Shauna Campbell of Asia 24/7. She was one of the participants of the K-pop Writers’ Workshop.


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Hello ! Welcome to SOS 中文 ENGLISH
SOS Limited Responds to Misleading “Short and Distort” Allegations

Mar 01，2021

QINGDAO, China, March 1, 2021 -- SOS Limited (NYSE: SOS) (the "Company" or "SOS") was recently attacked by short sellers with distorted, misleading, and unsubstantiated claims regarding the Company. The Company also believes certain social media accounts of some Company board members may have been impersonated or disabled for short periods of time. The Company believes these attacks were purposefully designed to manipulate the price of the Company’s shares, with the aim of causing a stock price decline in order to economically benefit the short sellers, to the detriment of the Company’s public shareholders.

SOS stands behind the integrity of the Company and remains committed to maintaining transparency and the highest ethical principles. SOS reserves all rights that it may have against these short sellers and will defend itself vigorously against those behind these attacks and misleading allegations. The Company is preparing a more detailed response to the false innuendo and lies that are being spread about the Company. SOS looks forward to vigorously defending itself, addressing these matters and providing more information in the coming days.

The Company also plans to enhance its investor relations capabilities in the future. In the meantime, please submit any inquiries that you have about this rapidly developing situation to ir@sosyun.com,. The Company will consider these inquiries and address them collectively in a consolidated response.

About SOS Limited

SOS transforms digital technology into data-driven operations through the research and development of big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, blockchain and artificial intelligence. We have created an SOS cloud emergency rescue service platform with three major product categories, including basic cloud (medical rescue card, car rescue card, financial rescue card, mutual assistance rescue card), cooperative cloud (information rescue center, intelligent big data, intelligent software and hardware), and information cloud (News Today, E-Commerce Today). This system provides marketing-related data, technology solutions, and technology-driven big data to clients such as insurance companies, financial institutions, medical institutions, healthcare providers, auto manufacturers, security providers, senior living assistance providers and other service providers in the emergency rescue services industry. SOS’s headquarters are located at Building 6, East Seaview Park, 298 Haijing Road, Yinzhu Str., West Coast New District, Qingdao. For more information, please visit: http://www.sosyun.com/

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements made herein are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "expect," "estimate," "plan," "outlook," and "project" and other similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. Such forward-looking statements include the Company’s planned response to the allegations of the short sellers, and the business plans, objectives, expectations and intentions of the Company. These forward-looking statements reflect the current analysis of existing information and are subject to various risks and uncertainties. As a result, caution must be exercised in relying on forward-looking statements. SOS may not realize its expectations, and its beliefs may not prove correct. Due to known and unknown risks, our actual results may differ materially from our expectations or projections. All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Other than as required under the securities laws, the Company does not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements.

Additional information concerning these and other factors that may impact our expectations and projections can be found in our periodic filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. SOS's SEC filings are available publicly on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. SOS disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


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Over the past five months, millions have marched through Hong Kong, demanding democratic reform in the semi-autonomous Chinese territory. Next Sunday (November 24), Hong Kongers will finally get a chance to express their opinion, albeit in a limited way, by casting votes. If the vote goes ahead as planned, pro-democracy forces are hoping for a big win, as VOA’s William Gallo reports.

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