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Posts Tagged ‘Spoon Theory’

AKA a day in the life of a spoonie.

I wrote this last night but then wasn’t sure about posting it or not. I’ve been debating if I should post this or not. But I kind of think it’s an important post in the way of recognizing what low spoon days can look like. For me, my “spoons” or what can I manage, will vary day to day. Some days are better and those are the days I work, get school stuff done, workout, et cetera. And it’s easier to talk about those times, and the struggles I have during those times. It’s hard to talk about the bad days. The days I get nothing or almost done and little acts leave me crumpled on the floor in tears from exhaustion and pain. I still struggle with feeling embarrassed and ashamed of these days. Internalizing the message that this is a reflection on me as a person, the idea that if I was a better person I would be strong enough to overcome it. Even though I know logically that is not how this works.

I really wanted some mashed potatoes for dinner today, and did end up making them, but it took all day to accomplish.

A run down of my day:

Woke up late in the afternoon (spent most of my weekend just sleeping. After work Friday I came home and slept for 24 hours straight. I’ve been completely exhausted.)

I was awake but still incredibly exhausted, and so dizzy I couldn’t stand for awhile.

After a bit I started feeling better- better enough to take a shower. So I decided I would try to go to the grocery store to get some food. Which meant first taking a shower.

After the shower I needed to sit and rest a bit before getting dressed to leave. After a bit of rest I got dressed in jeans, a tank top, a zip up hoodie, and slip on shoes- a very simple outfit that didn’t cost many spoons. Then I headed out to the grocery store.

I managed to get to the store just before closing to get some groceries.

Came home,  brought my groceries into my house, and then immediately collapsed in a pile of grocery bags right at my front door where I lied crying, completely drained, in pain, and frustrated that something as simple as going shopping for some groceries left me so completely drained.

Rested there a little bit before I was able to get up and put away groceries.

Ate some raw veggies while resting more.

After awhile I was able to get up and put food on the stove and in the oven to cook.

Then rested while it cooked.

After awhile I had cooked potatoes, peas, and some turkey. A very good dinner.

That was around about 2am. Finally, by 2 am, I had dinner.

And that’s basically all I managed to accomplish today (well, that and managing to get some programs reinstalled on my computer because on top of my body not working, my computer is giving me shit too).

Welcome to a day in my life.

Thought I would post this because it reminds me of the things people often take for granted, like being to go grocery shopping or cook dinner and not have that take up all your energy for a day. To have that be just one small part of the day.

And now I am off to bed, hoping I have more spoons tomorrow because I obviously wouldn’t have been able to manage a full day of work on what I had available this weekend.

This started as a facebook post on this article that showed up on my feed:
I’m not sure how I feel about the way spoon theory has been expanded to others sorts of disabilities- as I’ve seen the types of spoons used with. It does strike me in some sense as being a very different issue that distorts the language we use when people apply the same language of spoons to things that are actually quite different, but then at the same time, I kind of feel like if it helps explain disability maybe expanding the meaning helps….
I am torn though lol, because as soon as I type that I think “but sometimes it obfuscates the issue”.
But that issue aside… I really could relate so much to the author’s annoyance at a friend who found that sex is the key to getting more spoons. Not specific to sex, but I have definitely had trouble with people understanding that spoons is not something limited to “difficult” activities, or chores- relaxing, fun activities take spoons too. I actually had been thinking to blog about this for awhile and just struggled with how to phrase my issues.
But I have recently run into people who seem to think that “fun”, “relaxing” activities don’t count for spoons for me, they should recharge me, they should help me with my stress not add to it. Which in terms of stress- yes, relaxing activities and seeing friends can help. But spoons isn’t code for stress, my disabilities are not code for stress. It’s not about stress. Spoons are about the energy needed for things, and that includes watching netflix on my couch.
“Just for fun/To relax” activities also, in my experience, cost more than healthy people realize, too. It’s often not just the activity itself that costs spoons but the spoons to be presentable for it- showering, putting on clean clothes, bushing my hair. I feel like people often forget the true meaning of spoon theory- which is in large part how healthy folks take these things for granted. When Christine Miserandino’s friend starts her day by “getting ready for work” Christine has to correct her- getting ready for work is not one thing, you don’t get up and get ready with a chronic illness, as she puts it:
It looks a bit different for me and probably different for many different spoonies, but there are similarities. I often wake up late, I slept through my first 3 alarms again because when I push myself too hard alarms will not wake me up, I am already exhausted and my whole body hurts but I have to force myself out of bed, then I have to shower but I have to actually plan out what I can do in the shower day to day… shaving is usually too costly for me. I do that once in a blue moon, usually on a weekend, when I’m feeling well. What I wear is based on spoons available as well. Make up and doing anything special for my hair costs more spoons and yet there is an irony that many people, women in particular, with chronic illnesses tend to wear makeup and spend more time on our hair than healthy people, because makeup and hair products and styles are camouflage for us. When things are the worst for me health-wise, wearing make up does not feel like an option. I’ve learned some tricks to try to lessen the appearance of the thinning in my hair. I wear makeup to cover up under eye bags and petechiae from vomiting, so that I look healthy. So that I’m not constantly being told how tired and sick I look or being asked what’s wrong all day.
Luckily my morning medicines do not need to be taken with food so I get to skip on breakfast in the mornings. Thankful for that.
But this is what it means to have to think about “spoons”. Healthy people don’t have unlimited energy. Healthy people can’t do everything they want or need to in a day all the time. There is limited time and energy for work, volunteering, taking care of kids, working out, spending time on hobbies, and keeping up with your chores. That’s normal. Spoon theory isn’t about managing all those activities, though they are part of it too, but it’s about all the little things that healthy people don’t have to plan out and factor into their energy reserves for the day. Healthy people have to plan out how they will manage and fit those obligations and wants, spoonies have to manage that and also make careful decisions about things like showering, dressing, what clothes we can or can’t wear that day, managing medications (I always feel an irony in needing to budget out the spoon needed for medication set up each week…. but if I come up short and don’t have it I will be screwed because I won’t have my meds ready to take for the week). It’s also about the fact that some days we have so few spoons those small things are the only things healthy people take for granted are all we can manage.

So after my last post I started thinking about Spoon Theory, I remember reading briefly awhile back that there is a lot of debate about whether or not Spoon Theory can/should be used in terms of mental illness. My thought was (and I guess still is) that if someone has any form of chronic illness (be it physical or mental) and feels like spoon theory accurately describes their experiences with the chronic illness, then why not? On the other hand though, I hadn’t actually seen any arguments made supporting either side.

So I did a little bit of googling. Didn’t really find what I was looking for, but I found a few blog posts talking about variations people have proposed for spoon theory, which relate to other types of illnesses.

Fork Theory

The first I read was a blog post about a proposed Fork Theory. This seems to be applied mostly to mental illness. To get a good idea of it, you should probably read their whole post, but I will try to summarize it as I understand it. Essentially it’s an analogy for what people with a chronic illness have to ‘pay’ for a certain activities, balanced with the reward we get for those activities. Spoon theory was meant to illustrate and symbolize having a chronic illness how you have to really think about the energy you are spending on every little thing you do, that people who are generally healthy do not have to think about. Fork theory is sort of the same idea but whereas spoon theory, each day you have a number of spoons, and there isn’t anything you can do to get more spoons* for that day. Whereas with forks you have to spend a certain number of forks, but you can get forks by doing things. So it costs 2 forks to take a shower, but taking a shower gives you 5 forks. Which is a great deal, unless you don’t have 2 forks to spend. But also that you don’t always know for certain how many, if any, forks you will get from an activity. So it’s also a bit of a gamble.

*other than possibly borrow from tomorrow, but only at the expense of tomorrow having less, and not knowing for sure how many spoons tomorrow will even have to begin with. Which to use my last post as an example of this, maybe I could have gotten in a workout despite how I was feeling by borrowing spoons from today, but the consequence of that might be- and probably would have been- that I do not have enough spoons to do anything meaningful today. Which as I think about borrowing might be the wrong way to describe it. Because for me, a lot of the time I get fewer “borrowed” spoons for that day than the spoons lost the next day for it.

Fork theory makes sense to me, I’ve definitely felt that way. Taking a shower will make me feel better but I don’t have the energy to take a shower. I also know the gamble bit, particularly with depression. Talking to someone can help make my depression better… or could actually make it worse depending.

Picture of my lunch: Pita bread with chicken breast, lettuce, tomato, and cucumber sauce.

Interestingly though, I started thinking about how the fork concept can apply to things like my physical energy and abilities. I thought about this while I was making lunch, which is probably what made me think about it. I had the spoons today to make a pretty good lunch (imo). There are days I don’t have the spoons for that though. Or I have the spoons to cook but not cook and do dishes, but I haven’t had the spoons to do dishes in days so I have no clean dishes to prepare or eat food from. But on the other hand, obviously eating healthier is better for me in the long run. Unlike the examples used for forks though, the benefit is often not immediate. I won’t get more spoons for today from eating well. But eating better can pay off in more spoons per day long term, or fewer spoons per day if I don’t eat well. Same can go for exercise. To an extreme, the same goes for medications. It takes time and spoons (well, maybe more like 1 spoon) to set up my pills for the week. But if I don’t even have that spoon to spend on it, and it doesn’t get done and I’m all out of set up pills, I probably end up not taking my medication, and I will end up pay heavily for that.

Types of Spoons

Following a link from the forks blog, I found a blog post about different types of spoons. The idea behind this is that not all spoons are the same, but can be specific to types of activities. Though to me it would make more sense to talk about it in terms of general cutlery (though it would conflict with fork theory were forks don’t work exactly like spoons) rather than types of spoons. Wouldn’t the analogy fit real life objects better if instead of spoons for different things in your drawer, you had spoons, forks, butter knives, steak knives, et cetera. And similar to preparing/eating different foods, different activities require different cutlery?

But aside from that, this does not hold true to me in terms of spoons as an analogy for energy/ability with chronic illness. I don’t feel like I have activity specific spoons, just general spoons and different activities cost more than others. It’s not time based of course, an hour of one activity will not have the same cost as an hour of another activity, but they all use the same spoons in general.

Of course I don’t have asperger’s/autism so of course my experience is different than that writer. Which does make me wonder though, back to the original question- how far does it make sense to apply spoon theory? How much sense does make to apply it across all forms of chronic illness or disability? Spoon theory started simply as one woman’s way of trying to tangibly explain life with Lupus to her friend. Turns out the concept applies to a lot of other physical disabilities/chronic illnesses as well, though it won’t apply to all. Or at least, won’t apply to same to all. And obviously there are differences between physical illness and mental illness and autism. Does it really make sense to use the same analogy to try to explain all these experiences despite significant differences? (I certainly have no answer to that right now)

I was working on a post to a facebook group for people with disabilities I’m in, and as I was writing it, I started to think I should just change it a bit for a blog post.

If you aren’t familiar with spoon theory already, it might be useful to read up on what it means before reading this blog post.

I started out writing just about how frustrated I feel about the fact that as much as I need and want to find a job, in many ways being unemployed allows me to feel like a “normal” person. I feel like a normal person when I have the spoons to do simple things like keep up with my dishes, and laundry. I’ve even been able to paint a room in my house, and furniture for that room, and get close to getting that room set up (hopefully once I do, I can move on to another room, since that is one room out of 6 (2 bedroom house, with living room, dining room, kitchen, and bathroom).

I have the spoons to exercise and even have been able to spend some time on other hobbies like knitting, crochet, and drawing.

But as I think about this and ways it frustrates me, I realize that part of it is that my chronic illnesses are even more invisible because of the fact that managing spoons can’t always be seen. Saying invisible disability mainly means that if you look at me, there are no obvious physical indicators of disability/chronic illness. But it can also be invisible in terms of behavior as well as just physical appearance. Because when I do something that is just typical for healthy able-bodied folks, but it takes all my spoons to do it, they don’t see that. They just see me doing the same things as them, without seeing the consequences after of having no more spoons left. For example, with work, coworkers could see me at work all day, able to do that. They don’t see when I get home all out of spoons and just crash, where even basic things like cooking dinner are off the table let alone anything that would require far more effort (spoons). Or even like having a fun outing day now and then with friends, I can looks “normal” (healthy, able bodied) in my ability to do that, but they don’t see the next day when I’m too sick to get out of bed all day because of it where they day after is just another day for them. Of course there is also the part that if you see me, it’s probably a good day. Or at least average day. Maybe just a not terrible day. But on bad days, you won’t see me. I’ll be too ill to leave home or I’ll be in the hospital. But it’s normal that people only see the good days, and then extrapolate from what they consider normal and assume the rest of your time looks like that.

I saw this article, about how to deal with people who don’t believe you are sick, on my facebook feed and I clicked it excited to read it and expecting to really like it. But I was rather disappointed in the parts of this article that focus on educating people about your illness, I’m not saying the author’s advice can’t be effective, but the suggestion that this is how we should respond bothers me.

This is certainly not how I approach talking about my illnesses. Let me start with a little story: After the last day of class for one of my classes last semester, me and my classmates went out for some drinks and pizza at a local brewery to celebrate being done with the class and just chat a bit. During the conversation I made a comment about how my health had been worse this semester and I missed more classes that semester (in my other two classes) than I have at any previous point as a graduate student. My classmates who are active on facebook know I have health problems because I complain a lot on facebook about it. My classmates who aren’t on active on facebook wouldn’t necessarily because I don’t talk about it hardly ever in person. It’s one of those topics that’s just easier for me to type about on a computer screen than talk about in person. For a number of reasons I just don’t like talking about my illnesses in person. I made a comment about how I feel like I’m always just complaining about being sick, and one of my classmates remarked on this- how I basically never mention it in person.

So with that little background about me, let’s talk about some reason that I, and I’m sure other, people with chronic illnesses won’t be education you about them as suggested in this article.

Not Everyone with Chronic Illnesses Has a Diagnosis

It is really hard to educate people about your illnesses if you don’t know what they are and have no name for them. If you spend any time following groups where people talk about chronic illnesses then you will probably see people talk about the struggles with getting a proper diagnosis, and the relief when we have a name for what we are experiencing, even if it doesn’t result in any “cure”. One of the most frustrating things for me dealing with chronic illnesses is all the times doctors have done some test that came up negative and they put on some big smile and tell me nothing is wrong, like I’m supposed to be comforted by that. That’s not a comfort, it’s a frustration, and it makes me want to slap that stupid smile off your face. Because when I know something is wrong, what you are actually telling me isn’t that there is nothing wrong, your just telling me that you still have no idea what is wrong- because regardless of the test results, I know something is. And obviously symptoms don’t wait for a formal diagnosis to show (duh), so those who are still in the process of trying to get an accurate diagnosis have just as many if not more problems as a result of their undiagnosed illness- often more since a lack of diagnosis makes treatment harder. The times my meniere’s disease was the worst and the most disabling for me was before I had a diagnosis. I got severe vertigo from time to time that made it difficult to impossible to do things and came without warning, but I had no clue why for about 4 years.

I’m still sort of in this place regarding my fatigue and (non-migraine) pain issues. I’ve gone through numerous diagnoses that ended up not being accurate. I don’t like talking about this in part because I still don’t feel I have a real diagnosis to talk about in regards to it. Although I do have a “what doctors currently think it is”, I have no confidence this diagnosis will stick nor confidence that it’s really accurate. That makes it harder to talk about and hard to educate people about.

It’s Private Medical Information

Honestly, a big issue for me is also that I consider my medical information to be a fairly private matter. If you aren’t my doctor, I’m not going to have an attitude of “ask me anything you want about it!” Obviously people close to me usually know I have chronic illnesses, but I don’t go into detail about them with people usually, I’m not really an open book about it, and I don’t feel I should have to be. I suspect most able-bodied people would find it odd if I started asking details about their medical histories that they are used to only sharing with a doctor. I mean, hey, if the topic comes up, people are likely to ask questions, that’s life, if a friend of mine brings up her cholesterol from a recent doctor visit, I am likely to ask follow up questions for more info. And if she says she isn’t comfortable answering, that’s fine. Just the same I don’t get angry at people asking questions I open the door to, and I will either answer or say I’m not comfortable based on how comfortable I am with the question, and that should be fine too. I just don’t think I automatically owe people any and all information relating to my illnesses.

Also, sometimes chronic illnesses deal with things we aren’t comfortable talking about. Talking about my migraines isn’t really embarrassing or anything for me. When I had bleeding in my digestive track that lead to me being severely anemic from the blood loss, that resulted in me ending up in the ER and having to take quite a bit of time off work because I couldn’t even walk across the room without experiencing pretty intense tachycardia (a result of anemia because my heart was attempting to pump the lower blood volume faster to keep up with the oxygen demand from muscles throughout my body). I mean, talking about being anemic isn’t embarrassing, but talking about where the blood loss was coming from and the testing that was involved in that, kind of was… kind of still is. There are a lot of aspects to our health that most people find uncomfortable to talk about.

We Don’t Always Want Advice

One reason we may not talk about it is because when you open that door, people want to start offering advice, and we don’t want to deal with those responses again and again. So it’s easier to just not talk about it in the first place. This may be less common for the author who has a rare disorder most people have never heard of. It’s a bit different I think when your invisible illness is something people have heard of. For example, I don’t think I’ve ever gotten unsolicited advice about my meniere’s disease, if I have I’m blanking on it. But when I say meniere’s, the majority of people have never heard of that before. So there is a lot less “ya know I read online that x helps, have you tried that?”, or “My friend’s sister in law has that and she says x is the best, have you tried that?” By contrast mentioning migraines is far more likely to result in advice on it. Especially since it’s not just something that people have heard of, it’s something people misunderstand the meaning of. So many people think a migraine is just a bad headache, so they apply what works for them when they have a bad headache to chronic migraine sufferers. One piece of advice I’ve gotten numerous times is “have you tried exedrin migraine? That’s supposed to be really good!” No! I’ve had chronic migraines for 18 years and tried, I don’t even remember how many, prescriptions drugs in addition to over the counter medications, and herbal supplements, but I have never tried a very common over the counter medication with “migraine” in the name of it. I get a lot of advice about fatigue too, like “have you tried caffeine pills?” or “you just need to make sure you get at least 7 hours of sleep a night!” (that last one will really make me stabby fyi. I fucking wish just 7 hours of sleep got rid of all my fatigue problems) because that’s another thing people think they understand when they don’t.

Chronic Illnesses are Frustrating!

This is the biggest reason I don’t like talking about my chronic illnesses with people is because living with them is frustrating! And talking about all the frustrating aspects of it makes me revisit that frustration and I hate having to do that. I don’t want to have to think about how frustrating it is any more than I already have to.

And educating about it can be frustrating when the effects are complicated and varying. Like trying to explain symptoms that can come up but usually don’t. Like how a common illness (like catching a cold) interacts with your chronic illness. So I have to explain not just my chronic illness but then the ways it interacts with a variety of other temporary ones. Or when one illnesses causes another. I feel like my health is very much a dominos issue. There are so many side issues that are caused either by one of my “primary” illnesses directly, or caused by a medication that was or is being used to treat one of those! For example I have kidney damage and am prone to developing kidney stones from a side effect of my meniere’s medication. Add in that even if some of the issues are diagnoses, maybe there is something new that has happened or sometimes happens that may or may not be related to one of the diagnosed issues… Like when I had that bleeding problem it wasn’t clear the cause or if the cause was related to one of my already diagnosed issues. And how illnesses present can change too! For example, I’ve started having migraine symptoms that I didn’t have 18 years ago when they first started, which I’m told by my neurologist is relatively normal to happen.

This is maybe not a good reason, but to be totally honest, this is one reason I don’t like talking about it. Because a lot of the time I like to try to deny to myself even the full effects of my health issues. I’m not sure how common this is for people with chronic illnesses though I suspect it’s probably more common for people who develop them later in life and haven’t always been used to dealing with the consequences. I know that is a factor for me. Although I’ve had chronic migraines for 18 years, alone for most of that time they were not that big of an interference for me. Chronic Illnesses haven’t been a big problem for me until starting about 7 years ago or so. That not so long ago. It’s a recent enough problem that I still remember very well what life felt like without these issues. And there are a lot of times I just want that back so much I try to convince myself that I can have it if I just pretend I’m not sick. That obviously doesn’t actually work but regardless of how wrong and illogical it is, and not really a great coping mechanism, it’s still a factor.

I Don’t Like to Complain

If you only know me through facebook, you probably wouldn’t think this. One of the reasons I feel more comfortable talking about it and complaining about it on facebook is that people can either scroll right past my whiny posts, and/or adjust what posts of mine, if any, show up on their feed. If I’m talking to you one and one in person, you kind of have to listen to me when I start complaining and I just don’t want everything I talk about to be talking about the difficulties caused by my illnesses.

For people with chronic illnesses who want to work on educating people about their illnesses, that’s great. But for people who don’t have chronic illnesses, don’t expect that everyone you encounter with one will or should invite you to lunch to talk about it and tell you to feel free to ask any questions you have about it.

(And in fairness to the article, it still has some good advice not related to educating others, like setting boundaries, not feeling guilty when you have to prioritize taking care of yourself, and finding a support group.)

(Updated this post to add some info I forgot the first time around)

When I started my doctoral program a faculty member told us success is not about how smart you are, but how well you can manage your stress.

This has always stayed in my head as I go through this program. Sometimes it’s negative- if success is based on managing my stress I’m screwed! I often don’t feel like I manage stress well.

I try to work on focusing on positives though. And sometimes I am able to look at certain things and think, I can get through this. This was the case a few weeks ago.

I had a bad day. I was finishing up a powerpoint and trying to email it out for my class the next day when my computer started acting up and then wouldn’t work at all. I spent several hours fighting with it only to decide it wasn’t going to work so I got ready for the day and headed out to campus to redo it on a computer in the doc student office (I hadn’t backed up the powerpoint on my flashdrive or online drive yet). By then it’s about 5am and my class starts at 9:30am. It’s not until I’m at the office on campus that I discover my key is missing.

So I have no choice at that point but to go back home and back to plan A: get my computer working again.

There was no way I could pass unless I did well on this presentation. And there was part of me at this point feeling like, why am I even bothering? I’m not going to get this worked out, I’m going to fail this class, I might as well just go crawl in bed now and forget spending the next couple hours stressing out and no point going to class!

But I didn’t give in to that and managed to get my computer working except the mousepad, but then it’s past 6am and meijer is open then so I go buy a new usb mouse. I got my powerpoint working and sent out, went to class, did my presentation, and did well on it.

This was all, however, following a really bad month or so. Which is why my blog hasn’t been very active- haven’t been getting much of anything done.

My health has been really bad. I spent a long time in bed, too exhausted to do anything, in constant pain, nauseous and throwing up all the time. Getting anything done was basically not possible.During this time I’ve had small periods were I was feeling slightly better for a few hours here and there, but it was always short lived. I obviously wasn’t working out, I was falling behind in school, and honestly with things that bad I don’t even see the point of living. Because exhausted and too sick to do anything at all doesn’t really feel like living to me. So by the time I had that bad day, I was already feeling pretty defeated and hopeless, not to mention exhausted and sick.

Ironically my presentation was (in part) on a therapeutic technique that focuses on positives (solution focused therapy), with the idea that people may find solutions by focusing on times they don’t experience their problem rather than focusing on the problem.

Now there is some research suggesting this technique is not as effective as those who use it claim, and some of the specifics were not useful to physical illness imo. For example when doing solution focused therapy with someone with depression you would have them describe a good day, then they would predict if they next day or good or not. If they predict it’s not they are challenged to do something they would normally only do on a good day. This may work for some people with depression, but it doesn’t fit for when you want to things you do on good days but are physically incapable as is the case with many chronic conditions.

Despite that it still got me thinking about this issue of focusing on positives and times things work out. Focusing on times that things work out for me, that I feel I have managed my stress effectively, I feel like it all just comes back to resiliency. To a willingness to keep moving forward even when everything is going wrong.

Assuming you read this far you might be wondering what this has to do with this blog. Well for one, I blog about my struggles with chronic illness here. But also I was thinking how this applies to just about everything, not just school. And it’s the same thing I’ve talked a lot about in this blog with my mentality toward fitness. Working out with chronic illnesses for me means things will never really go smoothly, there will be setbacks, times I have to take a break, but it’s all about just pushing forward despite that.

fyi my computer still isn’t working well, especially my keyboard, so hopefully I managed to catch all the problems when I was writing this but if not…. sorry.

Let’s just start straight off with what got me annoyed at this mentality this time around. Someone posted online that they were upset they wouldn’t get to workout that day because they were working a 12 hour shift. And I get that frustration. I hate when I really want to workout, but other things get in the way- thankfully I’m not doing 12-16 hour days between work and school anymore. Still there are times when I have a paper I need to work on and I just can’t afford to take time away from that to work out. It happens. It’s life.

Except the responses to this person saying that were all “I work 12 hour shifts and still work out everyday! No excuses!”

I don’t know the person who said this, I don’t know their life or abilities, but it pisses me off when people assume that all people have the same capabilities for all things.

Which lad to me looking up again this article on spoon theory. I love this article so much.

Its hard, the hardest thing I ever had to learn is to slow down, and not do everything. I fight this to this day.

I know this feeling so well. I still have to battle my own denial, where I want to think I can do all the things and just ignore my limitations, but I can’t. I literally can’t.

And as described there, the same s true for me- there are good days and there are bad days. I think pretty much everyone with a chronic illness has that. Some days I really can’t even function at all. And some days I actually feel pretty normal.

But I still get frustrated that I can’t just do things like healthy people. Things have to be different for me, and nothing is ever as predictable.

I’ve gotten a lot better at working out regularly since I’m not working currently, instead focusing on school. It means I have more spoons that aren’t being used for work that I can allocate some toward work outs instead.

I am just really sick though of this mentality that all people have the same capabilities at all times. Even if you take two people with the same illness they are not going to have the exact same experiences with and problems from. Heck, remember that good days and bad days part? That means you can take the same person and they will not have the same experience and problems with an illness on different days.

And this is the kind of crap that pisses me off about the “no excuses” line that is always thrown around on fitness sites.

And as if dealing with chronic illnesses doesn’t make me feel different and shitty enough, I can’t even express frustration about them keeping me from a workout without someone who doesn’t have to deal with these issues coming along to tell me how they still get in their workout no matter what, so I have no excuse for not ether.

Which btw, my illnesses aren’t excuses, they are just shitty facts of life for me that I have to deal with.


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Learning Through Movement

We engage classroom teachers, guidance counselors, principals and parents through our Kinesthetic Learning program to enhance learning readiness in children of all learning abilities. Through in-person training and online continuing education, Fizika helps educators implement cognitive science strategies that encourage physical activity and help students learn more effectively.

Fizika is preparing a new release of the Active Learning Specialist Course in 2020. The Kinesthetic Learning Specialist Course builds on the earlier course, and includes strategies for engaging students in deeper learning by addressing social and emotional needs. The four online lessons enable classroom teachers to integrate physical activity and creative play to improve health and physical literacy, and learning readiness in their students.  The self-paced course enables you to design a physically active classroom.

Carrie Steindorff
Carrie Steindorff
Active Learning Specialist, Public Health Educator, Childhood Obesity Prevention. Rockland County Department of Health, Pomona, NY

“Public health educators working in childhood obesity prevention inevitably work with schools. The Active Learning Specialist course provides insight into how best to use physical activity in school to help kids learn and move more, as well as bridge the gap between public health and education.”

Active Schools logo

Join the Active Schools Movement!

Sign up today by clicking the logo above.

Fizika is an Active Schools Champion!

Fizika is proud to partner with the Active Schools Movement to ensure that students receive 60 minutes of physical activity each day. By joining forces with the thousands of schools across the US, Fizika serves as an important professional development resource for active learning.

What is Kinesthetic Learning?

  • Applies the science, methodologies, and leadership tools needed to help young minds learn effectively through physical activity
  • Ideal for teachers and administrators, but can be applied in a corporate setting as well
  • Flexible instructional design lets you modify lessons on a student-by-student basis
  • Fizika is an approved Act 48 provider for teachers in Pennsylvania seeking continuing education professional development credit
  • Fizika is also an approved Act 45 provider for school leaders in Pennsylvania seeking continuing education professional development credit

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MusicMusic Features

Five Anticipated Local Albums

1. Cinemechanica (untitled project)
The loooooooong-awaited second LP from the razor-rock kings of Athens is set for a “mid-to-late fall” release, according to bassist Joel Hatstat. He adds, “Unfortunately, we have no idea yet what the title is going to be, or any real specifics… It is going to be absurdly heavy and modern, but with a lot of vintage gear and huge rooms on the tracking side of things.”

2. Dream Boat: The Rose Explodes
More specifics are available for the sophomore album from Athens/Madison, WI-based duo (and sometime full group) Dream Boat, which is due out Sept. 16 via Cloud Recordings. Judging by the album’s first single, the gauzy “Way Out,” the record will follow in its self-titled predecessor’s vaporous, new age-y footsteps but perhaps feature an expanded sonic palette.

3. Five Eight: Songs for St. Jude
Twenty-five years into an impeccable—if largely under-the-radar—career, Athens’ rock and roll mainstays are gearing up to release a follow-up to 2010’s Your God Is Dead to Me Now. By all accounts and against all odds, Mike Mantione and crew are as fired-up about music as they’ve been in years, so expect a barn-burner of a record. And stay tuned for an exclusive Flagpole blog series chronicling the making of the new album.

4. Hand Sand Hands: Good Luck With That
Jonathan Miller’s experimental project has evolved since Miller settled in town a couple years ago, from glitchy, distorted noise to mind-melting, beat-heavy avant-electronica. Of his new LP, reportedly out in September, Miller says: “Seven songs, no filler. Just a full-on sample assault. Big drums and chaos.” Dunno about y’all, but we’re excited.

5. Reptar (untitled project)
Little is known about the much-anticipated upcoming full-length from the nationally acclaimed world-pop lads, but the first tastes we’ve gotten of the group since its recent reappearance on the scene—the synth-heavy single “Daily Season”; a horn-centric AthFest set—hint at an ’80s-inspired, tech-groove sound. Don’t expect the album anytime soon, though; the band says “it’ll be at least December before it’s out.”


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Piper Cherokee (N6157W)

Over Saguaro Lake. Mesa, AZ

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Embraer ERJ-190 (PR-ZGQ)

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  • Just curious--are you a member of plusoneflyers? If so, what do u think? I'm considering joining, but another captain at my airline recently joined/checked out in a light twin and said the guy he checked out with (who apparently wore nomex o/d fighter gloves) was quite a d*uchebag and treated him like a 10hr student pilot. My friend is pretty easy going, so anyone who riles him up has gotta be pretty bad. I was just curious what you think about the planes, members, etc (and obviously I wouldn't check out with the aforementioned guy).
    hey, I have a Telex 850 used less than 10 times, like new.
    Comes with Telex zippered bag, box and paper work.
    I will sell for $295.00 plus $ 10.00 shipping.
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37 gal fish tank

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This brand new Live Oak model can only be seen at Family Home Center Homosassa. Check out the all new BIG HORN! This home […]

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Choosing the right dentist for you, come to Flower Mound Dental. Moving comes with a long to-do list. However long, one important item on it is finding the right dentist. There are a few factors to take into account when choosing a dentist in order to make sure they’re a good fit. Flower Mound Dental and […]

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Disney World And Universal Will Close For The Rest Of March

A major response to the threat of COVID-19

March 12, 2020

It was only a matter of time before the threat of Coronavirus hit home, especially with Orlando being a hub of international travel. Disney World has just announced that it will officially close it's doors starting Sunday, March 15th and remain closed through the end of the month in response to the growing threat of COVID-19.

Shortly after the announcement from Disney, Universal Orlando was quick to follow suit.


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Article Text

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Neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotising enterocolitis survivors: systematic review and meta-analysis
  1. Andreea Matei1,
  2. Louise Montalva1,
  3. Alexa Goodbaum2,
  4. Giuseppe Lauriti3,4,
  5. Augusto Zani1
  1. 1 Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  2. 2 Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  3. 3 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
  4. 4 G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
  1. Correspondence to Professor Augusto Zani, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; augusto.zani{at}

Aim To determine (1) the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), (2) the impact of NEC severity on NDI in these babies and (3) the cerebral lesions found in babies with NEC.

Methods Systematic review: three independent investigators searched for studies reporting infants with NDI and a history of NEC (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, Scopus). Meta-analysis: using RevMan V.5.3, we compared NDI incidence and type of cerebral lesions between NEC infants versus preterm infants and infants with medical vs surgical NEC.

Results Of 10 674 abstracts screened, 203 full-text articles were examined. In 31 studies (n=2403 infants with NEC), NDI incidence was 40% (IQR 28%–64%) and was higher in infants with surgically treated NEC (43%) compared with medically managed NEC (27%, p<0.00001). The most common NDI in NEC was cerebral palsy (18%). Cerebral lesions: intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) was more common in NEC babies (26%) compared with preterm infants (18%; p<0.0001). There was no difference in IVH incidence between infants with surgical NEC (25%) and those treated medically (20%; p=0.4). The incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was significantly increased in infants with NEC (11%) compared with preterm infants (5%; p<0.00001).

Conclusions This study shows that a large proportion of NEC survivors has NDI. NEC babies are at higher risk of developing IVH and/or PVL than babies with prematurity alone. The degree of NDI seems to correlate to the severity of gut damage, with a worse status in infants with surgical NEC compared with those with medical NEC.

Trial registration number CRD42019120522.

  • brain
  • ADHD
  • neonate
  • inflammation
  • neurodevelopmental impairment
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Statistics from

  • AM and LM contributed equally.

  • Correction notice This paper has been corrected since it was published online. The affiliation for author

    Giuseppe Lauriti has been updated.

  • Contributors Study conception and design: AZ, AM, LM. Data acquisition: AM, AG, LM. Analysis and data interpretation: AZ, LM, GL. Drafting of the manuscript: AZ, LM, AM. Critical revision: AZ, GL.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Patient consent for publication Not required.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplementary information.

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Salesforce Community Cloud

Certification Information

The Salesforce Community Cloud certification is a credential developed for Salesforce professionals who have experience in implementing Community Cloud solutions on the Salesforce platform and are looking to verify their expertise. Working experience of the product is important for this certification in particular as it’s designed specifically for professionals with knowledge of implementation.

Key Facts

The exam is made up of 60 multiple choice questions

90 minutes to complete

The passing score is 62%

The Salesforce Administrator credential is a prerequisite

Cost is USD $200 and the retake fee is is USD $100 if you are unsuccessful

This guide will explain everything you need to think about if you’re interested in becoming Community Cloud certified and the core topics of the exam.

In Community Cloud, there are 7 topics covered. Implementation is the area with the highest weighting at 22%. As it is weighted highest, this is an area that you must focus on to do well in the exam.

Sharing and Security

Community Setup

Experience Builder

Community Management

Templates and Use Cases

Community Cloud Topic Weighting Chart

Community Cloud
Certification Contents

The following are the core topic areas of the Salesforce Community Cloud certification and what you’re expected to know:

The implementation topic starts with knowing which license type is appropriate for community member persona. A community license will allow partners and or customers to interact with Salesforce functionality and provide login access to the community. Communities are divided into Customer Communities, Partner Communities, and Employee Communities with different license types available for each.

The infrastructure of a community includes the main components of a community including Experience Workspaces and Experience Builder, preconfigured templates which define the elements and components available and other Salesforce features, such as login pages, the use of reports and dashboards, Lightning components, Chatter, and Salesforce Knowledge.

It is important to know the capabilities of the different deployment types. There are different tools available for deploying a Salesforce community, and you should be familiar with the high-level process for deployment that can be utilized for migrating a community from one org to another, and the metadata types associated with community deployment. Using change sets is considered the best option for deploying a community between related orgs due to its ease of use; however, there are several considerations for using them and other tools can be used such as the IDE and migration tool. It is also important to know what needs to be migrated manually.

Communities can be accessed from a mobile device, so you need to be able to determine the mobility requirements for a community. A mobile browser or the Salesforce mobile app may be used to access a community on a mobile device. The app has certain limitations related to communities which are important to know.

Depending on the use case, you will need to be able to evaluate integration strategies for a community. There are various way to integrate Salesforce, such as Salesforce Connect that can be used for the integration of external data with Salesforce which can also be exposed to Communities. A community can also be integrated with third-party applications, such as DocuSign, by downloading it from the AppExchange. Google Analytics can also be integrated with a community to track information, such as user types and search activity.

There are a number of steps required for a successful Community rollout. The rollout framework can be thought of as including four phases—establish, manage, engage, and measure. The implementation strategy includes investing in the resources required to plan and manage the community, establishing community requirements, building the community, planning an engagement strategy, measuring adoption and use, and ongoing management.

Communities are subject to limits due to Salesforce’s multi-tenant environment and license restrictions. The limits that apply to a Customer, Partner or Employee Community include number of users, page views, bandwidth, usage, roles, number of custom objects available and moderation rules.

Sharing and Security

When setting up a Community, consideration needs to be given to how to share Salesforce object data with users in a community and how to provide record access to high-volume community users, as well as security options related to collaboration, authentication, and setup of a partner or customer Community.

The Community security model includes considerations such as the type of community license which determine which sharing features are available. For example, advanced sharing is not available in a Customer Community. In Customer Communities, sharing sets are the method used to grant users access to records associated with their accounts or contacts. The external sharing model can be enabled for external users. As with internal users, profiles are used with external users to determine the standard and custom object permission, features and capabilities that can be accessed by the user.

A Public community can be set up using a guest user profile and visibility settings. The guest user profile can be used to open up or limit access to a community’s content. All community pages can be made publicly visible by default. It is also possible to set access level for each community page regardless of the community’s default visibility.

Community Setup

In a Tabs + Visualforce layout, appropriate tabs can be exposed to the community users based on needs. The tabs function similar to those in an internal Salesforce org, exposing Visualforce pages, web links or objects.

In a Community, topics can be setup and configured. Topics can be mapped to Knowledge articles using data categories. Topics can be used to structure community articles and content. There are two kinds of topics, navigational topics and feature topics. Feature topics are shown on the community home page as a tile. In Experience Workspaces > Content Targeting > Automatic Topic Assignment, a topic can be assigned to all articles that are published under a specific data category. All articles that are then created under that data category will be assigned the mapped topic. Topics can be added or removed from articles in the Article Management section of Experience Workspaces > Content Targeting.

There are 4 main steps to configure and set up Knowledge within a Community. First, security settings to access Knowledge need to be configured in profiles or permission sets. Then, for Tabs + Visualforce communities, the Knowledge tab needs to be added. Then Data Categories are setup to organize Knowledge articles and allow access to users via profiles and permission sets. Finally data categories and channels are set in each article to control which articles are available to the community.

There are various options available for setting up Community logins to meet community user login requirements. Self-registration can be set up to allow guest users to join a community. Social Login can be set up to allow users to log in using a third-party account. An organization’s existing single sign-on capability can be extended to a Community using SAML. It is also possible to brand a login page and customize login experience of a user. Other options include specifying a custom logout URL and choosing custom Change Password and Forgot Password pages.

Setting up email for community users involves customizing to include a logo and footer, as well as have specified templates to match company wording and image. As well as the Welcome email, custom templates can be created and selected for the forgot password, change password and case comment emails.

Experience Builder

Experience Builder is used to customize Communities using a template design. It can be used to customize the look and feel of a community and match it with company branding. Logos and header colors can be added, as well as the color scheme.

Experience Builder can be used to customize navigation in a community. The menu can be used to effectively guide users through the community. The menu can include links to community pages, URLs, navigational topics or Salesforce objects. Headers can also be created to further nest groups of items in the menu.

Salesforce features can be used in a community to deliver targeted web or data content to users. Salesforce Files Connect allows access to external data sources such as Google Drive. CMS Connect is a way of connecting a Content Management System to a community for reusing its assets. Page variations are used to create different versions of a community page which can be assigned to different audiences and groups.

Components are customized and configured in the Community Page Builder. A number of standard template components are available to add to Community pages. Components can be dragged and dropped from the Components list onto the page in the Community Page Builder. Each component has properties that can be customized in the page editor.

Different types of components that can be installed and setup for pages in a community, using Experience Builder. Standard components are available in several categories and are ready to use out of the box. Custom components are similar to those used on Lightning App pages and are written using code. AppExchange components can be downloaded and added to enhance a community.

There are various multilingual capabilities in Communities. The different ways to set up a multilingual community provide accessibility to a larger range of users. Community members have their language set by their profile, but guest users can use their browser language or choose for themselves. Some content is translated automatically, but custom content will need to be translated on a page by page basis.

Community Management

Managing a community involves determining how to add various members to a community depending on user access requirements, setting up moderation, recommendations, reputation levels and setting up community dashboards and insights.

To prepare successfully for the certification exam, we recommend to work through our

Community Cloud Study Guide and Community Cloud Practice Exams

Community Cloud
Study Guide

Every topic objective explained thoroughly.
The most efficient way to study the key concepts in the exam.

Community Cloud

Practice Exams

Test yourself with complete practice exams or focus on a particular topic with the topic exams. Find out if you are ready for the exam.

  1. Todd

    Hello Focus on Force, I am getting ready to study for my Community cloud exam. I’ve used FOF for previous exams successfully. I was told by a colleague that used FOF for Community Cloud that the course information covers mostly Classic and he said on his exam that all the information was on LEX. Have you updated your Community Cloud to reflect LEX focus?

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Twisty Leaf and Labradorite bangle.

Twisty Leaf and Labradorite bangle.
Love this

This beautiful bangle is solid Sterling Silver, with a Fine Silver leaf and a labradorite gemstone.

The leafs profile measures approximately 14mm in width and 32mm long. The bangles smallest inside diameter is 63mm to widest outside diameter 77mm. The labradorite gemstone is 8mm round with a flash of blue. Weighs 30.6 grams.

Hallmarked by the Birmingham Assay Office .

Will come gift boxed via signed for royal mail.

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This item will be posted to you by Saffron & Ana Phoenix Jewellery within 3 days of receiving payment.

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Pique 1 style
Process Type Foundry
Try Free/ 3 hours Desktop
Rent Single Style €4.25/month
Complete €4.25/month Desktop (excl. VAT)
Pique is a fast-moving brush script full of exuberance. A collaboration of paper and screen, familiar brush strokes are met with a contemporary aesthetic and result in a crisp, energetic typeface. Pique has small caps that are designed for all-caps settings, so while they integrate well with the whole typeface, they are a distinct design that provides a typographic contrast.
Foundry Process Type Foundry
Designers Nicole Dotin
More Info processtypefoundry.com

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Asparagus Bruschetta

Asparagus Bruschetta

  • 1 pound of thick asparagus
  • Olive oil spray
  • 2 cloves of garlic, peeled and sliced
  • 1/4 cup sliced red onion
  • 2 tablespoons fresh basil, chopped
  • 1 tomato, cored and cut into small wedges
  • Red wine vinegar
  • Balsamic vinegar
  • Black pepper to taste

Slice the asparagus in half lengthwise. Place it on a nonstick pan that is lightly sprayed or rubbed with olive oil. Spray the asparagus lightly.

Top the asparagus with sliced garlic and onions. Roast everything on the pan for about 20 minutes or until the onions and garlic are a light brown and the asparagus is crisp-tender.

Top the asparagus with the vinegars, basil, and tomato. Serve immediately.

Chef’s Tips:

Serve as a side dish or as a warm salad on a salad plate.

To serve this as an appetizer, arrange the salad on a platter and serve with toasted French bread slices or whole grain crackers.

Nutrition Information:

Serves 4. Each 1/2 cup serving:  123 calories, 1g fat, 0g saturated fat, 0g trans fat, 0mg cholesterol, 13mg sodium, 24g carbohydrate,
12g fiber, 11g sugars, 12g protein.

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Hearts of Oak goalkeeper Richard Atta set to receive Black Stars call up

Published on: 13 February 2020

Hearts of Oak goalkeeper Richard Atta is set to receive Black Stars call-up by coach Charles Kwablan Akonnor for next month’s Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Sudan, according to Sunyani-based Nimdi3 FM.

The 22-year-old has been one of the standout players in the on-going 2019/20 Ghana Premier League, keeping an impressive string of clean sheets after nine matches played so far.

Atta will be looking to replace first-choice Richard Ofori or at least displace Asante Kotoko stopper Felix Annan – who has fallen down the pecking order, as No. 2.

He joined Hearts of Oak as a free agent after parting ways with Elmina Sharks before the start of the season and has put up Man of the Match performance against WAFA and Asante Kotoko in the league.

Coach CK Akonnor is expected to name his 23-man squad for the 20121 AFCON qualifiers next month and is widely expected to include locally based players like Justice Blay, Joseph Esso, Felix Annan and Atta.


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The Islamic State of Sexual Violence

The jihadists' rape campaign in Iraq and Syria is not a women's issue. It is a terror tactic and a crime against humanity. So why won't anyone in Washington talk about it?

Spencer Platt/Getty Images
Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Of the many terrifying stories emerging from Islamic State-occupied Iraq and Syria, the violence directed toward women is perhaps the most difficult to contemplate.

The Islamic State’s (IS) fighters are committing horrific sexual violence on a seemingly industrial scale: For example, the United Nations last month estimated that IS has forced some 1,500 women, teenage girls, and boys into sexual slavery. Amnesty International released a blistering document noting that IS abducts whole families in northern Iraq for sexual assault and worse. Even in the first few days following the fall of Mosul in June, women’s rights activists reported multiple incidents of IS fighters going door to door, kidnapping and raping Mosul’s women.

IS claims to be a religious organization, dedicated to re-establishing the caliphate and enforcing codes of modesty and behavior from the time of Muhammad and his followers. But this is rape, not religious conservatism. IS may dress up its sexual violence in religious justifications, saying its victims violated Islamic law, or were infidels, but their leaders are not fools. This is just another form of warfare.

Why isn’t this crime against humanity getting more consistent attention in the West? It seems this society-destroying mass sexual violence is merely part of the laundry list for decrying IS behavior. Compare this to IS’s recent spate of execution videos, and the industrial scale of the group’s sexual assaults seems to fade into the background. Rarely do they seem to be the focal point of politicians’ remarks, intelligence assessments, or justification for counterterrorism actions against the group. In his Sept. 10 speech laying out his plan for fighting IS, President Obama devoted just eight words to the issue: “They enslave, rape, and force women into marriage.”

We both worked as CIA analysts focused on Iraq’s insurgency and counterterrorism during much of the war. We lived and breathed the Iraq conflict for years, yet we don’t recall reading internal or external intelligence products that exclusively focused upon the sexual violence that occurred in Iraq during that time, despite evidence that it was rampant as an instrument of war during the vicious sectarian reprisals of the mid-2000s.

Nor do we remember attempts to track this type of violence in the same way other types of attacks were tracked. We even asked some of our former and current CIA colleagues and they couldn’t recall seeing anything specific either. While these memories are admittedly anecdotal, it suggests that there did not seem to be a particular focus on this topic. And that seems to be equally true right now.

What might account for this lack of attention to this type of violence relative to other types of violence?

First, many of these incidents go unreported, making it difficult for Iraqis, the U.S. government, or international organizations to actually track the violence. (This is not unique to sexual violence during conflict. Some 60 percent of sexual assaults go unreported in America, too.) Beyond the crime itself, there are vast social pressures and taboos placed on rape survivors, even more so in deeply conservative Middle Eastern societies. Sadly, this has resulted in multiple incidents in Iraq of the Islamic State’s victims committing suicide.

There might also simply be a bias against covering rape and sexual assault, since they tend to be viewed by some as “women’s issues” versus “mainstream” insurgent tactics. Issues pertaining to rape and sexual violence tend to be written about in reports focused on violence against women and children or focused on humanitarian implications of the conflict, rather than being tracked as yet another terrorist tactic.

Those covering war may be more inclined to cover airstrikes, beheadings, and market bombings because they are historically viewed as “hard” security issues, while threats to women and children tend to be viewed as “softer” humanitarian concerns. Case in point: The State Department’s latest statement on this topic was written not by Secretary of State John Kerry, but by Catherine M. Russell, the ambassador-at-large for global women’s issues.

Policymakers may ask fewer questions and request less information because sexual violence isn’t typically considered a useful metric to determine how well the military or intelligence agencies are fighting an insurgency. However, in a world where “hearts and minds” matter, tactics that include sexual violence as a weapon of war should be considered part of these assessments — and part of how the United States wages counterinsurgency. Sexual violence is an important metric for tracking and assessing intimidation and coercion. It also shows how well (or how poorly) a government maintains law and order.

Many policymakers and intelligence analysts have studied political science and war studies at top universities. That might also be part of the problem. Sexual violence is too often academically walled off in gender studies or feminism classes; it should be openly discussed alongside other aspects of war and conflict. Perhaps we were bad students, but neither of us recalls an emphasis on wartime sexual violence during our undergraduate or graduate-level political science and international relations classes. Sexual violence by terrorist organizations shouldn’t be seen as a “women’s issue” just because most victims are women. Rather, it should be studied in courses that focus on warfare, insurgency, and terrorism.

The Islamic State’s campaign of sexual violence will have long-lasting, devastating impacts on the survivors and on Iraqi and Syrian society as a whole. Women must be politically and economically vested to ensure the stability of the country, and as long as many are being victimized in the most intimate way imaginable on a large scale, the future of Iraq seems dim.

At the very least, the United States and other countries should be publicly highlighting the brutal campaign of sexual violence in order to further discredit this organization among Iraqis and its foreign supporters. IS claims to be a group of holy warriors, crafting a new world order. But the rampant sexual criminality exposes its hypocrisy and extreme brutality. Fighting IS’s jihadist narrative is critical to destroying its long-term viability. Its fighters’ behavior toward women should be underscored at every opportunity. It gives the lie to the group’s claim that they are pure of heart.

Policymakers must internalize that sexual violence is a brutal weapon of war, just as corrosive to creating a stable society as murder and ethnic cleansing. Decision-makers can begin this process in three ways: First, the United States should improve tracking and monitoring of these incidents in the same way it does with other types of violence occurring in Iraq and Syria. Second, sexual violence carried out by terrorist groups should be catalogued as “terrorist attacks” by these groups since it seems this is frequently overlooked in intelligence databases.

Finally, policymakers can sharpen their rhetoric, focusing speeches more on IS’s brutality. Ultimately, the war of ideas is where IS must be defeated. We must highlight and call out this war crime at every turn, because the only group that benefits from ignoring this issue is the Islamic State.

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Magical Morocco | Taste of North African

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Anaerobic co‐digestion of perennials: Methane potential and digestate nitrogen fertilizer value

Bidragets oversatte titel: Samudrådning af fleårige græsmarksafgrøder: methan potentiale og kvælstofgødningsværdig af afgasset materiale

Dorette Sophie Müller-Stöver, Guotao Sun, Pablo Kroff, Sune Tjalfe Thomsen, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelForskningpeer review

Co-digestion of crop biomass improves the traditional manure-based biogas yield due to an increased content of easily degradable carbon compounds. In this study, the methane potential of three perennials (grass, legumes, and grass+legume) was determined using various concentrations together with animal manure. The N mineralization dynamics in soil and the N-fertilizer value of the derived digestates was subsequently tested in both a soil incubation study and a pot experiment with spring barley as model crop.
Digestion of all tested crops together with a manure-based inoculum increased the cumulative methane yield 4 to 5 times compared to digestion of the inoculum alone, with the highest increases observed with pure grass as a substrate. However, the biomethane potential decreased along with increasing grass biomass concentration. In the plant pot experiment, all tested digestates increased barley shoot biomass by 40-170%, to an extent statistically comparable to mineral N fertilizer. However, the application of the digestate originating from fermentation with pure grass resulted in lower plant growth and a more fluctuating soil mineral N content throughout the incubation study compared to the other digestates.
The integration of grass-legume mixtures or sole legumes into anaerobic digestion systems as co-substrate for manure seems to be promising, especially when considering their high dry matter and methane yield ha-1 and the possibility to substitute mineral N fertilizer inputs utilizing leguminous biological N2 fixation capacity. This could contribute to the diversification of cropping systems for bioenergy production.
TidsskriftJournal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
Udgave nummer6
Sider (fra-til)696-704
Antal sider8
StatusUdgivet - 2016

  • lucerne
  • biogas
  • græs
  • fleårige afgrøder
  • rødkløver

Citer dette


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Fiverr Community Forum

Tips for freelancers

Exactly, You Explain well as per your experience. Thank you:star_struck:

Very good suggestions. Really very helpful for newcomers.

Thanks for your help! :grinning::grinning::grinning::grinning::grinning::grinning:

Nice post actually, I think the quality of my work on my gig is high. But I have yet to make the 1st order. So, I agree with your advice. Thanks for sharing your thoughts on this!

thanks for help. I have to still make my first order. if anyone wants to help me then pls checkout my gig for once. Thank U.

thanks for sharing :heartbeat:

Wow, this is really great support! I am now in such a state as you described, I try very hard on my portfolio, I am waiting for my orders! Freelance is really not a simple thing, as it would seem! You need to constantly learn, and acquire new skills!

Very helpful . Thank You

I love it “Improve your skills and learn more about new things”

I just earned my first 20 dollars on this site and alot of these tips helped me

Thanks for the encouraging instruction… :slightly_smiling_face:

thank you so much for sharing tips

Good to see someone finally talking about how the mindset of a new seller should be besides doing all the hard work of marketing, sales etc. Appreciate it @creative456

Thank You it’s very helpful post

wow great :smiling_face_with_three_hearts: :smiling_face_with_three_hearts:

Thank You very helpful post

Thanks for sharing. Its really great

Really helpful
Thank you for sharing
Have a nice day

Thank you for your motivation and tips Sir . I’m new in this platform. Your tips are so useful.


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It's All in the Vortex!
[Image: vortex.jpg]

Next Saturday from Today, on CW (4kids channel), there's something called Vortex Dodgy

They are bringing back old power rangers and Justice League Unlimited
lol thats cool cause i used to watch power rangers when i was a kid and also miss justice league
[Image: tO3jDrM.png]
Justice League was my childhood :D
Your life just got better.

You're welcome.

[Image: k29ed.jpg]
i used to watch both those shows all the time 0:
[Image: 9s5dhk.jpg]
Justice League was my childhood as well Ghost XD
i watched both of 'em... loved them.
"A man who's lost his pride can never be free"
- Ramza Beoulve
i remember a long time ago when i was in elementary school and, power rangers first came out lol, i use to watch that when i was in the 4th grade, and justice league was always a good show
I still watch power rangers xD my favourite season is ninja storm Cool
[Image: GildartzSigfinished.png]
Be Blinded By My Prowess
Do you mean NEW episodes of justice league? also, if so, do you know if this means their canceling young justice?
Saturday Animes On CN was my Childhood , i'd always have Mcdonalds Watching Zach Bell
And Others , but by the time Naruto Came on it was done Sad
[Image: patrick_star_signature__by_astra_star-d393bi2.jpg]
(2012-08-18, 06:29 PM)uchiha clan Wrote: I still watch power rangers xD my favourite season is ninja storm Cool
well said

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MX5 tow car

I was driving down the M5 southbound, near junction 25 I think it was, yesterday ( Thursday )when I spotted a red mk2 behind a Mercedes campervan. He’s following a bit close I thought. Then I realised it was a tow car.
Softened my normal feelings for caravans and campervans :kissing_closed_eyes::kissing_closed_eyes:
However that soon returned when I got stuck behind a particularly slow campervan all the way from the North Devon link road to the coast.
Anyone on here?

About a dozen years ago we took a look round a fancy Winnebago sort of thing. It carried an MX-5 in a hidden cradle in its belly that slid in and out on hydraulics.
Lottery winner sort of money though.

Did you see George Clarke small spaces the other night, with the couple turning a coach into a camper and having a garage at the back to fit their mini into. Not a new idea plenty of race transporters in the past were converted coaches. ( some really nice one’s).

Bad obsession motorsport on youtube are doing an old mobile library into a race transporter type thing. As usual they’re going way over the top and changing everything but its a nice distraction while we wait for the next project binky installment. I recommend their videos if you like watching people skillfully make things out of metal


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Weird XY movement with eShapeoko

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Joined: Sat Feb 03, 2018 3:49 pm

Weird XY movement with eShapeoko

Post by roli » Sat Feb 03, 2018 8:19 pm

Hi! So recently I assembled my eShpaeoko v1.5 machine and I was finally ready to actually try and make something. So I began with a dry run of some simple design that I made. But when I ran the gcode the machine started behaving completely weird - it ended in a totally weird position.

So I downloaded the Shapeoko Hello World gcode from here:

Ran my machine and ended up with this (it drifted off paper eventually):
IMG_0090.JPG (168.45 KiB) Viewed 726 times
It began in the upper right corner and drifted towards the left bottom corner. I edited out a few other tries that I did, so ignore the artifacts.

If I use jog commands 10mm forward means 10mm forward. Similarly for other directions. So individually it goes where I want it to go. Except one thing... bCNC has move diagonal buttons. Three of them move the machine in the same direction - which of course shouldn't happen. -X +Y, -X -Y and +X -Y all move the machine in the same direction - which is -X -Y. Moving it to +X +Y works just fine on the other hand.

I am using GRBL 1.1 on one of those cheap Arduino CNC shields from ebay with A4988 stepper drivers with 1/16th stepping. The motors are Nema 23s ran from 24V. I did try flashing GRBL 0.9j as well, but it didn't change anything. And I did try universal gcode sender instead of bCNC as well.

Here are my GRBL settings:

Code: Select all

$0 Step pulse time [us] 10
$1 Step idle delay [ms] 25
$2 Step port invert [mask] 0
$3 Direction port invert [mask] 0
$4 Step enable invert 0
$5 Limit pins invert 0
$6 Probe pin invert 0
$10 Status report [mask] 1
$11 Junction deviation [mm] 0.010
$12 Arc tolerance [mm] 0.002
$13 Report inches 0
$20 Soft limits 0
$21 Hard limits 1
$22 Homing cycle 0
$23 Homing direction invert [mask] 0
$24 Homing feed [mm/min] 25.000
$25 Homing seek [mm/min] 500.000
$26 Homing debounce [ms] 250
$27 Homing pull-off [mm] 1.000
$30 Max spindle speed [RPM] 1000
$31 Min spindle speed [RPM] 0
$32 Laser mode enable 0
$100 X steps/mm 80.100
$101 Y steps/mm 80.100
$102 Z steps/mm 1646.800
$110 X max rate [mm/min] 5000.000
$111 Y max rate [mm/min] 5000.000
$112 Z max rate [mm/min] 300.000
$120 X acceleration [mm/sec2] 100.000
$121 Y acceleration [mm/sec2] 100.000
$122 Z acceleration [mm/sec2] 10.000
$130 X max travel [mm] 750.000
$131 Y max travel [mm] 1000.000
$132 Z max travel [mm] 200.000

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Joined: Mon Apr 09, 2012 6:11 pm
Location: Pennsylvania --- south of the Turnpike, East of US-15

Re: Weird XY movement with eShapeoko

Post by WillAdams » Mon Feb 05, 2018 1:54 pm

That looks as if you may be having overheating of the stepper drivers --- add a fan.

Also verify all the wiring and ensure that it all has continuity throughout the entire range of motion.
Shapeoko 3XL #0006 w/ Carbide Compact Router w/0.125″ and ¼″ Carbide 3D precision collets
Nomad 883 Pro #596 (bamboo)

Posts: 2
Joined: Sat Feb 03, 2018 3:49 pm

Re: Weird XY movement with eShapeoko

Post by roli » Tue Feb 06, 2018 6:22 am

A very helpful person over on Reddit pointed me in the right direction... my XDIR and YDIR pins were shorted together. I had a small solder bridge connecting the two and removing that bridge solved the issue.

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Twilight Role Playing

Things having to do with Twilight that are related to the book: fanfic, rpg, products, websites, book clubs, etc.

Moderators: Bronze Haired Girl, una

Forum rules
Click for Forum Rules
Settled in Forks
Posts: 3
Joined: Fri Jul 24, 2009 8:07 pm
Location: New York City

Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by FallenstarRain »

Rexin wrote:Hey guys, have you heard of the online "game" called SecondLife? If not I'll just state quickly what it is-
Its basically this 3D game where you can go online and explore places and chat and customize your avatar. Many people use it as a place for RP.

Anyway what I am getting at is that there is a rather nice Twilight RP sim there. You can join and literally walk around in a virtual Forks Washington with your character ^^ fun ne?

The game is free...just go to and download it. I'm on there as...well..Rexin haha. Look for the giant dragon or redish brown wolf! XD
I have made two costumes so far for my Second Life avatar. They are not completely finished yet but I'd thought you might like to see them. Here are Bella's prom outfit and when Alice is at home ensemble. ... ebella.png ... ealice.png

Settled in Forks
Posts: 1
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Re: Twilight Role Playing (Forbidden)

Post by ForbiddenTwilight »

Forbidden is a Twilight RPG that was started in May of 2008. The site is active and very friendly enviornment. Currently a few canons we are looking for include Edward, Jasper, & Jacob. If you're looking for an RPG to join to have a good time, then maybe Forbidden is the place for you. Hope to see you there really soon.

Forbidden Homepage

Settled in Forks
Posts: 7
Joined: Sun Mar 28, 2010 7:28 pm
Location: NC

Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by wolfee »

this is somewhat a role playing game that is based on twilight, check it out if you may be interested. You can be Volturi or Quileute, my choice is obvious lol

Settled in Forks
Posts: 4
Joined: Mon Nov 17, 2008 4:47 pm

Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by jmkgeb »

A Twilight Roleplaying site with many talented and friendly members. We have several canon characters(from the movies/books) sill available. We have a few main characters still open. Take a look and join our site!
"And so the lion fell in love with the lamb"
"What a stupid lamb"
"What a sick masochistic lion"

Twilight RPG -

Settled in Forks
Posts: 2
Joined: Tue Jul 06, 2010 9:27 pm
Location: Alaska!!!

Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by JacelynHale »

Does anyone like to role play as jacob? Because im looking for a couple people who like to role play in general to my messanger list.
If so leave your email and we can talk. even just emailing back and forth is fun. just yall should let me know. ^.^
Pfft. Nobody can do it like jake can. Nobody.

Settled in Forks
Posts: 16
Joined: Wed Oct 13, 2010 1:25 am

Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by Uushia »

"Battle not with monsters
lest you become a monster
and if you gaze into the abyss
the abyss gazes into you."

The Volturi have been the governing faction for over three thousand years, the coven that binds them all. The Guard that protects it. The Enforcers that abide and uphold law. Some love them, others hate and fear them. Beyond the world of the Cullens, another darker and less clear-cut world thrives. The lives and troubles of the true vampires lie here.

"It is always good men who do the most harm in the world."

After the events in Forks, Washington with the Cullen "Family," the power of the oldest coven is called into question. The Enforcers and Guard are being stretched thin. The Vampire Wars threaten to resurface in Mexico. Children of the Moon are being found in Europe again. The Romanians threaten to form another army. Can Volterra afford such costs? The bonds are wearing thin.

"No man chooses evil because it is evil;
he only mistakes it for happiness, the good he seeks."

We must not fail. Each member of the Volturi have their own reasonings for where they are. The alternative lifestyle of the Cullens is commonly known, but not followed by the majority. It is often veiwed as one might a Vegan. We may be darker, more fearsome, and bloodier but we are all in escence human. We all have a purpose in our long life. Love, revenge, power. Form your own coven or fight your way out of one.
What will you live for?

::Friedrich Nietzsche: :Henry Brooks Adam:
:Mary Wollstonecraft::

I am one of the admins for this site and we are relatively new with an open plot.
We lean toward the Volturi and sanguine vampires but do accept all types of characters cannon and original.
Friendly staff that is happy to work with you in story and character developments.
Team Aro ---Team Volturi

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Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by AlgaAnthony »

Well my next job going to be creating a myspace for tweet RP. And I will be adding you for sure. Switch on to your pages.

Settled in Forks
Posts: 3
Joined: Tue Mar 27, 2012 12:53 pm
Location: Knoxville, TN

Re: Twilight Role Playing

Post by dawn_f »

Would not mind a simple role play with someone? More looking at a woman to woman role play, not to say there is anything wrong with a woman to male role play, it is just that it can get complex. I just want to role play, not to cyber date someone on the other end.

Send me a private message if you are interested.

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