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Full Length 100% Natural Wood Poplar Core
Ultra Lightweight Poplar Core. Great Pop and Natural Flex Feeling for Ultimate Performance.
Why Balkan?
Vandal Tech
A Must for Every Serious Rider, Serrated Edges Change Control to a Totally Different Level.
Innovation That Excites
New Materials and Advanced Geometries for Progressive Riding.

How can I make an order?

You can place your order very easy directly from the product page. Just hit the button add-to-cart and specify product options in your shopping cart. Then click on the checkout button and provide your personal details such as name, contact info and shipping address. When your order is accepted, you will receive a confirmation email with all necessary details.

Do you keep all models in stock?

We try to keep all of our standard models in stock, available for shipment at any moment. However depending on sales volume, some specific model, size or color could be not available for immediate shipping. If you have any concerns, you can always send a message to shop@balkansnowboards.com with question regarding specific product and what are the delivery terms.

How can I pay for my order?

The following payment methods are currently available: 1. Apple Pay - you need Apple device and Safari web browser 2. Debit Card/ Credit Card - your card must have 3D password activated 3. Paypal

What is the best time to order a new board?

We operate during the whole year, no matter the season. Please don`t wait for Christmas to come. Probably it would be too late and your dream board won`t be available for you at that moment. So be prepared. Order off the season and wait patiently. Usually, we make pre-order campaigns twice per year and this is another great opportunity for you to buy some of the latest models with a great discount. On top of that, you have the option to completely customize your board, that will be produced individually for you.

Where is your factory located?

Balkan Snowboards are proudly hand-made in Europe. All production facilities are based in Sofia, Bulgaria.

What is the origin of the materials in your snowboards?

We use only quality materials from certified suppliers as follow: Base - Eisenstadt, Austria Edges - Munich, Germany Epoxy - Sofia, Bulgaria Fibreglass - Krakow, Poland Wood - Ljubljana, Slovenia Carbon - Düsseldorf, Germany Inserts - Sofia, Bulgaria Topsheet - Eisenstadt, Austria

А защо не пишете на български език?

Дъските БАЛКАН се карат от хора по целия свят и така ги правим достъпни за всички. Още от създаването си до сега и в бъдеще, БАЛКАН е Български бранд с име, изписано на кирилица на всяка една дъска. По-българско от това няма как да бъде, освен ако не направим графика с чипровски килими или пък хайдути - ще дойде време и за това, а до тогава карай и се радвай, че има дейни българи, които не са напуснали родината си, а са тук и работят за нейния просперитет 🤟🇧🇬🌍


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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Resources

Mid-South Coronavirus Updates and Resources

Baptist continues to be a leader in providing resources and information to help you stay healthy and make the best decisions for you and your family during this unprecedented time. COVID-19 vaccines and COVID-19 testing are available in many Baptist hospitals, clinics and community sites throughout the area. Visit the Baptist COVID-19 Vaccine Center for the list of locations and contact information.

You can also schedule your COVID-19 vaccination appointment online at the location nearest you. You may also call our Coronavirus Resource Center phone line at 866-941-4785 for more information.

If you are planning to visit someone at a Baptist Memorial Hospital, please read our revised Visitor Guidelines.

COVID-19 Vaccination Education and Distribution

Baptist is working closely with local officials to make the COVID-19 vaccines available to eligible individuals, including those in our underserved communities. We are working hard to promote the safety and importance of getting the vaccine for stronger and healthier communities. For more information and answers to frequently asked questions about the vaccines, please visit the COVID-19 Vaccine page. You may also schedule your COVID-19 vaccination appointment online and find the location nearest you or you may also call our Coronavirus Resource Center phone line at 866-941-4785 for more information.

View our COVID-19 Vaccination Information

Schedule your COVID-19 Vaccine

Read our COVID-19 Vaccination FAQs

We have gathered materials from a number of sources to provide a convenient place for you to find expert information about Coronavirus Disease 2019, or COVID-19. The best things you can do to protect yourself from the disease are to remain calm and follow these precautions:

  • Don't expose others if you have flu-like symptoms.
  • Cover your cough with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash and wash your hands, or cough or sneeze into your upper arm.
  • Wash your hands frequently and properly.
  • Don't touch your mouth, nose or eyes.
  • Avoid people who have flu-like symptoms.
  • Reassess travel plans based on CDC recommendations.
  • Practice Social Distancing – stay away from large crowds and maintaining distance (3 feet from health people, 6 feet from sick people) from others when possible.

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for COVID-19

If you have tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 10 days and are at greater risk of developing serious illness, you may qualify for monoclonal antibody therapy, an infusion treatment that has proven to be very effective in reducing the severity of illness in patients. Baptist was the first health care system in our region to administer monoclonal antibody treatments in patients at the earliest stage of infection with great success. Learn more about this life-saving therapy.

Learn more about Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Gatherings and Celebrations

Although more and more people are getting the vaccine, the CDC continues to recommend that large gatherings be avoided, particularly those in which physical (social) distancing cannot be maintained between people who live in different households, such as sporting events, concerts, festivals, conferences, parades, or weddings. Visit the CDC website for more guidance on how to keep safe.

However, if you are fully vaccinated you can gather indoors with fully vaccinated people without wearing a mask. You can also gather indoors with unvaccinated people from one other household (for example, visiting with relatives who all live together) without masks, unless any of those people or anyone they live with has an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Please visit the CDC website for additional guidance on what you can and should not do after getting fully vaccinated.

Going Back to School Safely

This school year is unlike anything we have ever experienced. If you chose in-person learning for your child this year, it’s a good idea to ensure you and your child follow these tips to help ensure a safe and healthy school year.

Back to School Safely

Frequently Asked Questions

Detailed answers about Coronavirus and COVID-19 and how you can protect yourself and your family.

Read our FAQs

If You've Been Exposed

Exposure to COVID-19 does not result in immediate symptoms. Learn what to do if you think you have been exposed.

I think I've been exposed to Coronavirus (COVID-19)

If You Test Positive for COVID-19

If you had your test performed at a Baptist Hospital or Baptist Medical Group clinic, a representative from Baptist will contact you to advise you of next steps. Learn what you can do to protect yourself and your family

I tested positive for Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Baptist's COVID-19 Testing Statistics

Baptist is committed to keeping informed, with accuracy and transparency, on the progress of COVID-19 testing in all the communities we serve. We’re tracking all COVID-19 testing performed at all Baptist hospitals and clinics throughout our footprint. For a breakdown of the number of tests performed at the Baptist facility nearest you, along with the number of positive and negative results, visit our COVID-19 Testing Stats page.

Baptist’s Coronavirus Response Plan

Baptist has the resources and expertise to address the coronavirus outbreak in our region. And we want to be your trusted source for information on coronavirus and COVID-19. View our Coronavirus Response Plan to see how we’ve prepared for this pandemic, and what we are doing to serve and protect our communities.

View our Coronavirus Response Plan

COVID-19 Prevention

The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to the virus. We can all do our part to help slow the spread of the coronavirus in our communities.

  • Listen to and follow the directions of state and local governments.
  • Wear a mask or cloth face covering in public settings and around people not in your household.
  • Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
  • Practice social distancing; keep about 6 feet between yourself and others, and avoid social gatherings.
  • If you feel sick, stay at home.
  • If someone in your household has tested positive for the coronavirus, keep the entire family at home.
  • If you are an older person and not vaccinated, stay home and away from other people.
  • If you have a serious underlying health condition, stay home and away from people.
  • Work from home, if possible.
  • Use drive-thru, pickup or delivery options for dining.
  • Avoid nonessential travel if you're not vaccinated, shopping trips and social visits.
  • Get the COVID-19 vaccine when it is your turn to get one.

And always practice good hygiene:

  • Wash your hands, especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.
  • Avoid touching your face.
  • Sneeze or cough into a tissue or the inside of your elbow.
  • Disinfect frequently used items and surfaces as much as possible.

For more information on the coronavirus and what you can do to slow the spread, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.

See Baptist COVID-19 Testing Results

National and International Health Organizations

Statewide Organizations


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Shop Member Center Document Center

Starting 2017 … Strategically!

drawing businss concept

The BHS Strategic Planning Process is continuing to move forward.  Here’s the quick story:

  • We have complete the “Gathering” stage, wherein we have collected a massive amount of data and opinion about where we’re at and where we should be headed.
  • We are mid-way through the “Synthesis and Design” stage, with a clear direction emerging for our Strategic Plan among BHS staff and Board alike.
  • We are on track to move the plan into final draft stage this spring and begin sharing more details in the second half of 2017.

Now, here’s the longer story:

The Society staff, Board and Strategic Planning Committee are deeply engaged in the second phase of our Strategic Planning Process … the “Synthesis and Design” stage.  In this stage we are taking everything we have learned in the “Gathering” phase and turning it into a concrete picture of an exciting future for the Barbershop Harmony Society.

As a reminder, here is what we have done so far:

  • Listened to 2900 members who gave us a “report card” on how we are doing through the Member Satisfaction Survey.
  • Spent an entire weekend as the Society Board, focusing on “blue-sky” discussions about the future of the Society.
  • Produced a “come one, come all” Town Hall meeting at the International Convention to give any and all members the chance to tell us what’s on their minds.
  • Solicited deep commentary from 75 key BHS “influentials” and 17 District Presidents.
  • Got specific feedback, from 3100 members who took our Future Directions Survey, on a wide range of futuristic topics ranging from our vision, to our membership model, to gender and inclusion, to the kind of events we should produce.
  • Conducted a Listening Session at every fall District Convention, reaching hundreds of “Joe Barbershoppers”.
  • Commissioned a major study of the “Choral Ecosystem” and where the Society fits within it.
  • Established a Youth Advisory Council as an adjunct to our planning team, and added a representative from this group to the Strategic Planning Committee.
  • Completed a survey of all of our BHS Associates.
  • Spent 2.5 days at a staff retreat in October to begin outlining the strategic plan framework.
  • Brought that framework to a working session of the Board in November and gained remarkable unity around future concepts.
  • Activated five core staff teams to begin building the qualitative dimensions of the plan.  Each team spent a day working together in December, followed by several team meetings to refine the plan document.

Through all of this work, we’ve focused on a few core concepts that are guiding future plans:

  • Confirming The Obvious:  At the heart of the appeal of barbershopping is a mysterious alchemy that occurs from four voice parts “ringing chords, together, really well, for others.”  It’s the music, stupid!  Despite our worship of competitive excellence, it’s really about the fun.
  • Open To Change:  There is a remarkable level of interest in trying new directions that will allow barbershop harmony to grow, expand and touch more lives.  This can be done while preserving the traditional aspects to which many members are attached.
  • A More Diverse Future:  We are a demographically isolated Society.  This is big opportunity for growth and expansion.
  • A Big Appetite:  Our stakeholders want more:  More programs, more resources, more music!

Learning from these concepts, we have now assembled an array of working teams that are , including:

  • Focusing on participation and engagement
  • Delivering value for communities of artists
  • Sharpening programs
  • Build revenue, brand and unity
  • Honing our financial model
  • Leveraging technology
  • Leveraging data
  • Modernizing leadership
  • Rearticulating mission, vision and purpose statements
  • Building a business structure for the future

The staff brought a first cut of the plan to the Board meeting at the Midwinter Convention in San Antonio.  The Board supported the direction that the plan is taking and affirmed that it is consistent with the scope and process it had set forth and reflective of the input gathered to date.

From February through March, we will fine tune the plan and anticipate bringing it to the Society Board for approval in May.  From there … look out, world!  More singing is on the way!

As always, we appreciate your thoughts and ideas.  We have set up a special mailbox to accept any input or  inquiries you may have.  Write us at with your comments, suggestions and questions.


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Fast-pace CMOS Technology Changes The Way You Scan

Zebra Symbol DS3578 series is specially designed for the environment of production, government agencies, and industrial manufacturing including medical, aerospace and automotive. It is much faster than general-purpose digital scanner because of the use of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensors. It can scan all sort of small or highly dense barcodes within a few milliseconds with the help of integrated microprocessor having 654Mhz of frequency. User can continuously scan without any pause in between because of the high shutter speed and illumination of a fast pulse.  DS3578 Series provides a wide angle of omnidirectional scanning without any proper alignment of laser lines with the barcode.

• Models: DS3578-SR, DS3578-HD, DR3578-DP
• Capability: 1D, 2D, DPM Marks, PDF417, Postal, IUID (all are depended on model)
• Battery: 2200mAh Lithium-Ion Battery
• Scans: 50,000
• Lighting pattern: Aiming – 650 nm, Illumination – 630 nm LED
• Interface: USB, RS-232, RS-485, and Keyboard Wedge
• Depth of field: 0.90 to 20.90 for up to 20 mil label density


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Bylaws | Covenants

2020 Budget

If you have questions regarding the Convenants that govern our community, simply download the document below.  If you need a specific question answered, please contact a board member under the Officers/Chair menu tab on this website.

The 2020 POA Budget summary is posted below for Homeowner review.  If you need or want a line-by-line expense or income detail, please contact Staphea Campbell, Treasurer or Shanti Brown, Assistant Treasurer at barringtontrace.net@gmail.com.

2020 POA Budget

Clubhouse  Rental

Media Guide

Leasing Amendment

Lease Form

Leasing amendment to the Declaration of Protecting Covenants, Conditions, Restrictions and Easements for BT HOA.

Lease Amendment
Lease Form

Board of Director and Committee Chair position descriptions for  Barrington Trace Property Owners Association

BOD Descriptions

For architectural changes and additions, please complete the form below and return to barringtontrace.net

for approval.

Architectural Request

Subdivision Entrance Camera Policy

Traffic Calming Ordinance

Homeowner Affidavit

Lease Documents

Tenant Info.
Lessor Form

POA Documents

Bylaws | Covenants | Budget | Clubhouse Rental | Lease Info | Architectural | Camera Policy | Occupancy


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Understanding What Version Of "The Process" The Celtics Will Actually Be Facing

Mitchell Leff. Getty Images.

In preparation for Monday's Game 1, I wanted to do something a little different this year. I'll still be doing the Celts preview which will be out before the game, but this year I also wanted to do a deep dive into their opponent. In this case, The Process is up first. Now it's not the normal version with Simmons being out, but to try and find ways to be successful against this group you first have to understand what you're working with.

I'm just going to say this once. I saw a lottttttttt of chatter on Twitter yesterday from fellow Celtics fans about how this is going to be a quick series, the Sixers are a joke, blah blah blah.

Giphy Images.

You're not going to hear that from me for a couple of reasons

1. Matchups matter in the playoffs

2. Things are NEVER easy for the Boston Celtics, especially in the playoffs. Even their gentlemen's sweep two years ago wasn't easy, those games were close for the most part and could have gone either way.

3. This is a different Sixers team/style than what we've seen from them in the past

In this series, the regular season H2H matchups pretty much mean nothing, and that includes the Celts blowout of the Sixers in their last meeting. No back to backs, different health situations, you can throw it out the window. The best we can do is look at how these teams are performing as of now and what's maybe different about this version of the Sixers as opposed to when they had Simmons in the fold.

Let's dive in

- Since 8/6 (when Simmons went out), the Sixers offense has improved to the 7th best in the league, at a 117.9 rating. This is actually right behind the Celts over that same timeframe (6th, 118.1). I took out yesterday's Celts game since we're talking the regulars here and overall the Celts have the #1 offense in the bubble but you get the idea. The offensive end is actually where I would argue the Sixers are able to figure things out spacing wise. My guess is this will not be the same offensively challenged Sixers team that we saw in previous playoff games.

So what's different?

Well for starters their overall shooting is better. Since Simmons went out the Sixers are shooting 40.9% from three, which is the 2nd best percentage in the entire league over that timeframe. It makes sense when you think about it because they are being forced to play other guards/players who actually have a consistent outside shot.

Furkan Korkmaz - 52.6% on 4.8 3PA

Al Horford - 50% on 4.0 3PA

Glenn Robinson III - 50% on 3.0 3PA

Josh Richardson - 44.4% on 6.0 3PA

Matisse Thybulle - 42.9% on 1.8 3PA

Tobias Harris - 38.5% on 4.3 3PA

Alec Burks - 37.5% on 5.3 3PA

Raul Neto - 38.5% on 6.5 3PA

So why is this important. Well, with Simmons off the floor and the Sixers playing through Embiid in the post, you're going to see a lot of delayed doubles in an effort to limit Embiid's production. The Sixers can now surround him with players that at the moment are all shooting well from deep. Considering the Celts perimeter defense was spotty at times when it came to closing out on shooters, that's going to be a huge factor in how this series goes. This is obviously a small sample, but guess what. When you extend it to the entire bubble experience, the percentages don't change that much

To assume the Sixers simply won't be able to shoot in a series would just be ignoring the actual production.

- With Horford now sliding into the starting lineup, it poses a challenge for the Sixers. They haven't really figured out how to play Horford/Embiid next to each other. Only a 102 Ortg and basically a 0 net rating in the 606 minutes they shared together this season. In the bubble, they've played 31 minutes together and have 115/112 splits with a 2.5 net rating.

But what it does give them is legit rim protection…in theory. The Sixers are giving up 48.9 points in the paint in the bubble which is middle of the pack at best, and that number has risen since Simmons went out. This is why that's important. The key to the Celts offense is going to be spreading this team out, making Horford guard someone on the perimeter. Now with no Simmons to lock down either Kemba or an opposing wing, the Sixers have to find a way to still defend the paint/rim at a high level. That's harder if guys are going to have an easier time getting to the rim. If Embiid has to carry the load offensively, what does his defensive effort look like? The Sixers had the 19th ranked defense in the bubble and the 19th defense since Simmons went out. This is where I think they miss him most.

- I know we make jokes when Sixers fans try and tell you that Tobias Harris is better than Jayson Tatum, but I would advise you to pay attention to what Harris is doing in the bubble. His importance to this team skyrockets now without Simmons, and in my mind he's the second most important player on the roster. He's been solid shooting the basketball pretty much this entire bubble run

and it doesn't matter if we're talking from the field or from three. During the year he ranked in the 78th percentile as a spot up shooter and hovers right around 38% as a catch & shoot player.

Guys like Burks and Robinson have been much deadlier as catch & shoot guys in the bubble. Burks shooting 70% from deep and Robinson 60%.

- Now it isn't all perfect. What you think they may gain offensively with Shake Milton running the point instead of Simmons, the loss defensively is massive. I mean big time massive. In 7 games in Orlando, Milton put up a 119.9 defensive rating. Now that's a wonky stat at times so I also looked up his opponent FG%. That came in at 50.0%. Of pretty much all the regular rotation players so far in the bubble, only Shake Milton's opponents actually shot a better percentage while being guarded by him. All other Sixers saw their opponent's FG% drop.

- When it comes to their perimeter defense in the bubble, the Sixers have been suspect at best. Holding opponents to 38% from deep which was 14th in the league, that's an issue going up against a team like Boston who can legit put 5 players on the floor at one time who can all shoot threes. I'll stress it again, this is where not having the length of Simmons matters.

So what does it all mean. Well, for me, it means the Sixers provide a series of challenges offensively. Things shift a little bit to where when Simmons was in you really had to worry about them in transition, and not so much from the outside. This version of the Sixers are much more balanced in terms of the lineups they can throw out with shooters and there won't be any possessions where you can play 10ft off Simmons and clog the paint.

Defensively this is not the same caliber team which makes sense because Simmons is an All NBA defender, and basically they just have to hope the Celts don't just attack Shake Milton on a consistent basis. They also have to show they can actually defend the perimeter at an elite level over the course of a series, something they haven't shown yet while down in Orlando.

You then also have to factor in all the narrative stuff between these two. The Sixers finally trying to get over the Celtics hump, the confidence they may have given the season series, Horford going up against his old team, all that stuff will matter. But based on what they've shown during their time in the bubble, this Sixers team will present a different look, one that honestly the Celtics are more built for. There's no way around the matchup problem that Simmons provides going up against someone like Kemba, he just picked him out on every possession. That's now gone, but that doesn't mean this Sixers team should be overlooked.


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Barstool Rundown June 28, 2016

In this hilarious summer R-rated comedy that believe it or not, is inspired by real events, Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates stars Adam Devine and Zac Efron as hard partying brothers who place an online ad to find the perfect dates for their sister’s wedding. Hoping for a wild getaway, the boys instead find themselves outsmarted and out-partied by the uncontrollable duo played by Anna Kendrick and Aubrey Plaza. Check out Mike & Dave Need Wedding Dates in theaters July 8. Get Your Tickets Now!

Today’s Topics

Lord and Savior Tim Tebow Saves A Man’s Life On Airplane

The Banana Boat Crew Is Back And Now They Have Their Own Snapchat Filter!

Visitors To Rio Are Greeted With A “Welome To Hell” Banner When They Step Off The Plane

Buddy Ryan Passes Away At Age Of 82

Lena Dunham Says Shes Disgusted With Kanye’s New Music Video With Naked Celebrities

Kyrie Irving Wearing Shoes In The Pool Is Outrageous (Update: I Guess There Are Some Boobs In This Video Too)

Tony Hawk Fighting To Pull Off a 900 At 48 Years Old Is Incredible Shit

White Guy Proposing To His Girlfriend at the BET Celebrity Basketball Game Has Got To Be The Most Outrageous Proposal Of 2016

RIP Victor “Helmet Head” Thompson

Latest Videos

25 videos


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Last night at Fenway Park, a fan made contact with Gary Sheffield as Sheffield was fielding a ball hit down the right-field line. Sheffield shoved him, threw the ball into the infield, then nearly went after the fan in the stands before restraining himself.

I heard about the incident before I actually saw it, and my first reaction was, “Great, another idiot fan with better seats than judgment.”

Once I saw it, though, I had a completely different response. I’ve gone all Zapruder film with this clip on TiVo, watching it over and over, and I just can’t see the action of the fan as aggressive. He appeared to be perhaps reaching for the ball half-heartedly, or worse, attempting to interfere with Sheff. I thought maybe it was an an excited fist pump, but it looks less like that on each viewing. I do not, looking at the film, think he was swinging at Sheffield. If you look at the motion, it looks like it begins before Sheffield gets to him, and didn’t look like a punch. He looked genuinely surprised by Sheffield’s reaction to him as well.

In an environment still thick with the memory of Frank Francisco and the Pistons/Pacers/peons brawl in Detroit, there’s a natural tendency to raise something like this up to the level of crisis, to get all “woe is us” about the state of sports and society. I do think there’s something to the idea that there’s less civility in the world, and certainly less at our sporting arenas. People smarter than myself have drawn a connection between the rising gap in pay between athletes and attendees and increased hostility of the latter towards the former. Then again, this gap is reflected across society, yet we haven’t seen a spate of attacks by junior accountants against CEOs in company parking lots.

What happened last night wasn’t in the same vein as last September’s ugliness in Oakland, or the Milton Bradley/idiot bottle thrower incident in Los Angeles. Those were the products of malice, and included fans who had gone far, far over the line in their behavior. I don’t see that here. I see a fan who perhaps did something he shouldn’t have done, timed in an unfortunate way. I just don’t think he meant to pop Sheffield in the mouth, or do anything like that.

On ESPNews, Joe Torre said “These people shouldn’t be allowed to walk the street, much less come to a ballgame.” That’s just emotion talking. This fan shouldn’t be lumped into the same category as so many others have, and I think you can make a case that he shouldn’t even have been ejected, although his interference with the play, however minor, probably warrants it.

That Sheffield didn’t go into the stands is being presented as a credit to him. I guess that’s true, although I’d like to think we expect that behavior, even in the wake of recent incidents. I can’t call him to task too much for his initial reaction; it’s a highly-charged environment in which he’d been taking abuse for three nights, and with the Sox rallying in the eighth, emotions in the park were at a peak. When someone who may have been cursing you out for three hours hits you in the mouth, it’s hard to not automatically defend yourself.

The hero in this, if there’s any, is the Fenway Park security guy who came flying out of nowhere to put himself between Sheffield and the fan. That kind of reaction helped to defuse a situation, separating the parties at the point where things may have escalated. This is a clip that will be shown in training videos for ballpark staff for years to come. Get there, get between the people, and hold on until the cavalry arrives.

I don’t think what happened last night fits in the line of events that stretches back to Bill Spiers being jumped by a fan or Randy Myers being challenged to an on-field fight. This was a much less severe case, more an accident of timing than an assault on a ballplayer. Not everyone agrees with me on this–an informal poll of BP staffers showed a range of opinions, which I think shows this to be a grey issue, not a black and white one.

If we’re allowed to have those anymore.

Thank you for reading

This is a free article. If you enjoyed it, consider subscribing to Baseball Prospectus. Subscriptions support ongoing public baseball research and analysis in an increasingly proprietary environment.

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Cafe Church Hub

Café Church is a broad term for any kind of worship or community gathering around tables with food!  You might call it ‘Breakfast Church’ or ‘Sundays at 4’ or ‘The Gathering’ but the idea behind it is that there is a relaxed informal environment, people sit so they can chat comfortably with each other, and usually can help themselves to food and drink while other things are going on.

Sometimes Café-style worship will be held as an alternative to more traditional Sunday worship, on a fourth Sunday morning in the month, for example.  Other groups may hold Café Church at a different time of the week or later on a Sunday so it fits with the rhythms of those we live among.  Our aim in Café Church is to engage with people who would not normally come to church as it is, and enable them to re-connect with God or to meet Jesus for the first time.

We usually hear the story of at least one Café Church at each Hub event and find out how it came about and what it looks like now.  We find out what people have learnt and how they’ve adapted from their starting point.  There are opportunities for questions and more stories.

Some of the questions we address at Café Church Hub gatherings are:

  • Do you start with Café and add the Church bit later, or launch as a Café Church?
  • How do you make Café Church intergenerational, a place for everyone to learn about God and worship together?
  • How much should it be like a café, and how much like traditional church?
  • How do you build teams of volunteers?
  • How do you make disciples through Café Church?

Our first Café Church Hub event was held in September 2018, led by a couple who have been hosting transformative Café Churches since the early 2000s.  We held a second one in April 2019, and the next one is scheduled for spring 2020.

If you’re excited about your Café Church and what God is doing in it, or you’d like to have an opportunity to share with others about what’s going well and what needs more thought, you are welcome to join us.  Or if you’re just starting out, do come along!

Who to contact

For more information about the next event or anything else, please contact: Emma Bartlett, Pioneer Project Administrator.


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B.C. schools planning 'near normal' return for fall

Education Minister Jennifer Whiteside announced today that B.C. schools are planning a fully in-person return in September. (Photo: B.C. government Flickr)

B.C. students will be back in the classroom for full-time in-person instruction in September, Education Minister Jennifer Whiteside announced today. Cohorts and learning groups will no longer be used, she says.

“It will be a near-normal return to school in September,” Whiteside said. “B.C. is one of the few jurisdictions that has kept schools open all year despite the pandemic, thanks to the enormous collective efforts of everyone in the K-12 education system, and I extend my heartfelt thanks to them all.”

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English to Bangla Meaning :: disband

Disband :
ভঙ্গ করা
ভঙ্গ করা, বিগঠিত করা, বিগঠিত হত্তয়াসংগঠিত দল ভেঙে দেওয়া বা যাওয়া - ভঙ্গ করাভঙ্গ করাবিযুক্তভেঙেবিয়োজনভঙ্গ করা
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Show English Meaning

Verb(1) cause to break up or cease to function(2) stop functioning or cohering as a unit

Show Examples

(1) the unit was scheduled to disband(2) He praised Endriartono for making such a forceful call for all paramilitary organizations to disband .(3) Irish writer John Banville asks why the IRA in their most recent statement announced that they would put an end to their armed campaign but not disband the organisation.(4) The 228 Incident Committee was declared an illegal organization and ordered to disband .(5) Paramilitary organisations of all kinds should disarm and disband .(6) The IRA's war has ended and the organisation shall not disband .(7) Now, however, sources say that Blair estimates he can use a threat of action against IRA illegal business activity to bludgeon the organisation into disbanding .(8) The Beta Band disbanded at the end of 2004 leaving behind a legacy of innovative and inspiring music.(9) If the IRA disbands , it will have been established that the IRA was not merely an illegal organisation but an unambiguously terrorist organisation.(10) His singing group disbanded recently and he's mad!(11) The Sunday Business Post understands that the IRA was on the verge of complete disbandment before the talks broke down.(12) Europe had been offering economic incentives in the hope of converting the temporary suspension into a permanent disbandment .(13) St. Fintan's have since disbanded due to falling numbers.(14) ├ö├ç├┐The public consultation is a mockery,├ö├ç├û said Mr Putwain who had brought to the meeting a final position statement of the CHC before it disbands on December 1.(15) The remaining attorneys disbanded at the end of 2001, going in a number of different professional directions.(16) The team then disbands and a new team forms to work on the next project.
2. disperse ::
অদৃশ্য করা
3. demobilize ::
রেহাই করা
4. dissolve ::
5. scatter ::
6. separate ::
7. go separate ways ::
পৃথক হয়ে যেতে
8. part company ::
অংশ কোম্পানী
1. band ::
2. join ::
3. unite ::
Different Forms
disband, disbanded, disbanding, disbandment, disbands
English to Bangla Dictionary: disband

Meaning and definitions of disband, translation in Bangla language for disband with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of disband in Bangla and in English language.

Tags for the entry 'disband'

What disband means in Bangla, disband meaning in Bangla, disband definition, examples and pronunciation of disband in Bangla language.

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New Beacon Website: Smarter Marketing with "Brains, Beauty & Brawn"

Beacon Blog Article

By Mark Dirks | Published August 4, 2015 | Categories: Beacon News

Greensboro, NC - Since the Fall of 2014, Beacon has been quietly working through a significant re-branding strategy that emphasizes a more sophisticated union between marketing and web technology.  Last week’s launch of the company’s new website is the exciting release of this effort.

“It’s amazing to look back at the evolution of web technology since we opened Beacon Technologies in 1998.  Back then, internet-related projects were primarily confined to IT departments for whom we provided web development and hosting services,” says Mark Dirks, Beacon’s CEO.  “Now, marketing departments drive these efforts.  Websites have become the centerpiece of the marketing strategy, with design, SEO, paid search, email marketing, social media, direct mail, branding, print, copywriting and analytics wrapped around it.”

Brains, Beauty, Brawn

Beacon’s new website reveals how “Smarter Marketing” is achieved through agencies like Beacon that provide deeply integrated creative marketing and web technology.  “Customer engagement depends on BOTH the creative and technical aspects of marketing nowadays,” says Dirks.  “Graphical design, marketing campaigns, content and supporting functions need to be delivered through dependable, easy-to-use technology that not only pleases users, but also collects the data to drive continuous improvement.”

During the early stages of this project, Beacon’s design team was exploring creative ways to represent this new strategy in simple terms.  “Someone said that Beacon brings the ‘brains, beauty and brawn’ to projects, and it stuck,” said Dirks.

Beacon’s “Brains, Beauty and Brawn” approach steps its customers through the 3 critical phases for smarter marketing.  During the STRATEGY+analytics Phase (“Brains”), data and audience information are analyzed to define a strategy that drives business goals and speaks to the right audiences effectively.  During the MARKETING+design Phase (“Beauty”), engaging graphics, web pages and marketing campaigns are designed that maintain brand integrity and utilize best practices, especially in technology channels.  And during the TECHNOLOGY+development Phase (“Brawn”), the strategy, functionality and design are brought to life through web development, integrated software and hosting services.

“We are all very excited about our new website,” Dirks says.  “Visitors can easily see our work, meet our team, learn our approach and quickly become confident in Beacon’s ability to deliver Smarter Marketing.”

The creativity certainly jumps out with the new Beacon site, whether it’s through the use of black/white imagery, graphics and mouse overs that highlight technology on the home page, the deep portfolio that highlights Beacon’s work with marquee clients, or the “Our Team” page that reflects the company’s fun and lively personality.  Behind the engaging web pages, modern technology is fully utilized to also drive the strategic business plan.  Beacon’s development team cleverly customized Cascade Server content management software with interchangeable widgets in the right side columns to lift user confidence and drive visitors to various calls to action.  Responsive design is carefully employed to optimize the user experience on mobile devices.  Beacon’s highly active blog is connected into the new website such that news and industry tips from our staff are easily shared.  And of course, Google Analytics meticulously tracks user activity against business goals, providing data to continually improve inbound lead generation.

Christy Joyce, a well-recognized expert in creative design, marketing strategy and brand management, was brought on board in December as Beacon’s Director of Creative Marketing.  She has served as VP and Director for several respected corporations and her role with Beacon is to further the company’s commitment to high quality, creative and engaging marketing solutions.  “Christy’s career speaks for itself and her design ideas are always very creative and well-conceived,” says Dirks.  “However, I admit that I cringed a bit when her first recommendation was to drop ‘Technologies’ from our logo.  Just to suggest this after 17 years was extremely bold, but it was right.”

Quick Facts about Beacon:  As a recognized leader in web technology and digital marketing solutions, and a long-time Google partner, Beacon has worked with over 600 companies, 40 colleges, 100+ ecommerce websites in nearly every U.S. state and 5 countries, delivering over 350 Google Analytic installations and managing hundreds of millions of dollars in marketing budget ad spend.

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Posting "shock" videos in the forums

This forum will contain information regarding website policies and rules. It is your responsibility to stay up to date on these policies. If you happen to violate those stated here, "I didn't know" will not be an acceptable excuse.

Posting "shock" videos in the forums

Postby beardie » Fri Apr 06, 2007 6:31 pm

Since we've had a number of video posted recently that can be rather upsetting to many, not to mention potentially disturbing to kids, I've decided to define this policy regarding videos that hold too much "shock" value.

Any videos posted should not show lizards, pinkies, or any other non-insect creature being fed to a bearded dragon.

While I understand that some people do practice feeding pinkies and even smaller lizards to their dragon, these videos are upsetting to many and really do not foster a pleasant environment here, since those discussion threads will turn ugly. The focus of this policy is to maintain a generally pleasant and "family friendly" environment.

Furthermore, videos of any nature (bearded dragons or otherwise) that appear to appeal to the "shock factor", will be considered for immediate removal. NO video posted should contain foul language or anything else not considered "family friendly" (ie. PG13/kid safe).

Violation of this policy from this point forward will result in a single warning where the offender will be informed (or possibly re-informed) of this policy. A repeat violation of this policy will result in being banned.
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New Lamborghini Vega Concept by Grigory Butin

New Lamborghini Vega Concept by Grigory Butin

Today we want to show you interesting Lamborghini concept by designer from Germany Grigory Butin. Supercars subject and Lamborghini subject in particular are much more complicated than it seems at first glance and require huge concentration on proportions, volumes and the elusive feeling that varies from designer to designer. Being mostly experimental, in this project designer wanted to find new answers on the topic of a more advanced surface treatment and new, more sci-fi and “technical” approach to design of the supercar. The technical assignment for this car could be: next-gen successor of an Lamborghini Aventador with a hybrid engine technologies. Also be sure to check 15 Best Concept Cars of Largest Automakers.

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Home / About

SKY Fitness Center is a health forum dedicated to covering various health topics in a comprehensive way – We have partnered with industry-leading experts to bring you the most informative news content on different topics on health. Our platform is updated on a regular basis to ensure that our content is up-to-date.

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Bedford Primary School

Dream, Believe, Aspire

Contact Us
  Term Dates
  Bedford Worry Box

Design & Technology

Our Curriculum:

At Bedford Primary School, we recognise that the curriculum we deliver is the toolkit we send our children out into the world with. It reflects our context, core values and the kind of citizens we want them to be. We have to be ambitious for them and prepare them for a rapidly changing digital world.

'Design is not just what it looks like and feels like - design is

how it works'  Steve Jobs

Skills of a great design and technology student:

  • Use imaginative and creative thinking

  • Able to identify a need and provide a solution for it

  • Skilful and resourceful in selecting the appropriate tools and techniques to make a product

  • Able to test and evaluate a product and say what they like and dislike about it

  • Resilient and confident enough to take risks and learn from any mistakes

  • Able to make links and apply their learning from other subjects, e.g. science, maths, art and computing

Throughout the subject of design and technology, our pupils will also demonstrate additional traits from our Bedford Learner Profile including problem-solving, effective collaboration and communication, application of digital skills and an understanding of the need to be environmentally aware.

Our vision for design and technology:

At Bedford, we  encourage our children to explore their creativity and use their imagination through this inspiring, hands-on and practical subject.  Pupils are given the opportunity to design and make prototypes and products that solve real and relevant problems, within a variety of contexts and while considering the needs, wants and values of a range of users.  Our vision is for them to develop the creative, technical and practical expertise needed to perform everyday tasks confidently and to participate successfully in an increasingly technological world. Understanding and applying the principles of nutrition and learning how to cook is also a very important element of future wellbeing.

About design and technology at Bedford:

Through a variety of creative and practical activities, pupils are taught the knowledge, understanding and skills needed to engage in and follow the iterative process of designing and making.

In line with the iterative process, the key strands for design and technology are:

  • Design - researching need and existing products, planning, communicating, innovating, developing, use of technology to aid the design process
  • Make - selecting and working with a range of tools, equipment, materials and components to make a quality product/food for an intended purpose
  • Evaluate - compare against designs and plans.  Understand how key events and individuals in design and technology have helped shape the world
  • Technical knowledge - applying their understanding of computing, mechanical systems (e.g. levers, linkages, gears) and electrical systems (e.g. switches, bulbs, motors etc) to their products.

Steph O'Donnell - Design Technology (D & T) Consultant

Steph is a freelance specialist D&T teacher and over the past few years we have had the pleasure of benefitting from her fantastic knowledge and expertise in this subject area. Through workshops, Steph has raised the profile of D&T throughout  school and the children have made a wide range of models, including working torches, hydraulic heads, zoo enclosures, 4 wheeled vehicles and puppets to name just a few!  Steph has also provided quality staff training and as well as giving confidence to staff, she has also helped to inspire and excite them to teach high quality D&T lessons using appropriate resources. The children love these lessons and the projects feature every term in all classes. Pupils use their imagination, takes risks  and produce innovative products by following the  iterative process.

The Design and Technology Association

At Bedford we also subscribe to the DT association to help support staff to plan and deliver high quality DT lessons with access to support, guidance and resources.  Their 'Projects on a Page resources are particularly useful and guide staff through the iterative process.

Helping your child with design and technology at home:

  • Cook, bake and be creative with a range of simple, healthy and nutritious recipes and dishes at home
  • Teach your child simple health and safety rules when using equipment
  • Let your child explore and experiment. Allow the opportunity to make and learn from mistakes - safely
  • Design, make and create at home with a wide range of materials, construction toys and suitable pieces from your recycling - let their imaginations run wild!
  • Children may also enjoy using their digital/computing skills to design and create.

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Happiness in adults on the decline

Researchers have found that adults over the age of 30 are not as happy as they used to be. On the other hand, teenagers and young adults are happier than ever. The findings come from San Diego State University professor Dr. Jean M. Twenge and her team.

The researchers analyzed data from four nationally representative samples consisting of 1.3 million Americans from 1972 to 2014.

They uncovered that after 2010 the age advantage, which was found previously, vanished. There was no longer a positive correlation between age and happiness among adults, and adults over the age of 30 were not significantly happier than those aged 18 to 29.

Dr. Twenge said, “Our current culture of pervasive technology, attention-seeking, and fleeting relationships is exciting and stimulating for teens and young adults, but may not provide the stability and sense of community that mature adults require.”

Thirty-eight percent of adults over 30 reported being “very happy” in the early 1970s but dropped to 30 percent in 2010. Twenty-eight percent of 18 to 29 year olds reported being “very happy” in the 70s and rose to 30 percent in 2010.

Dr. Twenge added, “American culture has increasingly emphasized high expectations and following your dreams – things that feel good when you’re young. However, the average mature adult has realized that their dreams might not be fulfilled, and less happiness is the inevitable result. Mature adults in previous eras might not have expected so much, but expectations are now so high they can’t be met.”

“A previous study in 2008 got quite a bit of attention when it found that women’s happiness had declined relative to men’s. We now find declines in both men’s and women’s happiness, especially after 2010,” Dr. Twenge concluded.

Author Bio

Mohan Garikiparithi got his degree in medicine from Osmania University (University of Health Sciences). He practiced clinical medicine for over a decade before he shifted his focus to the field of health communications. During his active practice he served as the head of the Dept. of Microbiology in a diagnostic centre in India. On a three-year communications program in Germany, Mohan developed a keen interest in German Medicine (Homoeopathy), and other alternative systems of medicine. He now advocates treating different medical conditions without the use of traditional drugs. An ardent squash player, Mohan believes in the importance of fitness and wellness.

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Evening and weekend appointments are available by contacting Camden GP HUB

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Launch Lakeside

Student skating on Lake Bemidji

Students have access to a number of year-round sports and activities close to campus.

Bemidji State University, located amid the lakes and forests of northern Minnesota, occupies a wooded campus along the shores of Lake Bemidji.

Enrolling around 5,000 students, Bemidji State offers more than 70 undergraduate majors and eight graduate degrees encompassing arts, sciences and select professional programs. BSU is a member of the Minnesota State system of colleges and universities and has a faculty and staff of more than 550. The university’s Shared Fundamental Values include environmental stewardship, civic engagement and international and multicultural understanding.

The Bemidji State campus balances rigorous academia with the opportunity to enjoy a fun, robust outdoor culture. The proximity to the lake and the surrounding north woods allows easy access to an assortment of recreation, including kayaking, boating, paddle boarding, hunting, hiking, foraging, skiing, fishing, ice fishing, snowboarding and more. Bemidji State students, faculty and staff have the luxury of enjoying a four-season year with the major campus facilities connected by all-season underground passages for safe and warm travel to and from classes during the cold, winter months.

On the shores of Lake Bemidji

Bemidji State's Tamarack Hall, Bemidji's Tallest Building, is just a few steps from the shores of Lake Bemidji

Bemidji State’s Tamarack Hall, Bemidji’s Tallest Building, is just a few steps from the shores of Lake Bemidji

When settling the Bemidji area in 1750, the Ojibwe people named the lake Bemidjigamaag “a lake with crossing waters” because the Mississippi River flows in from the south and exits on the east. It is now called Lake Bemidji and while folk legends claim it was formed in Paul Bunyan’s footprint as he logged his way west, BSU professors will tell you it was simply the final result in the last stage of glaciation in Minnesota.

The deep waters of Lake Bemidji are key to Bemidji State’s academic curriculum, acting as a laboratory for the Aquatic Biology program and a backdrop for Studio Art classes. It is a calming presence for quiet walks and a roiling mass during the summer months, when tourists, students and locals alike enjoy Northern Minnesotan lake life.

With Lake Bemidji State Park sitting along its northern shore, the lake is a popular recreational and resort destination. In summer, locals and tourists gather for sailing, swimming and fishing. When winter comes and the lake freezes over, you’ll find folks bundled up for skating, hockey, curling and, yes, more fishing. All year round, our community gathers at the lake to enjoy its natural beauty and bounty.

Small Town

Bemidji State University is nestled among the pines along the shores of Lake Bemidji, several blocks from a thriving downtown community. In this Northwoods setting, students, staff and faculty have a variety of activities available at their fingertips. Possessing all the charm and character of a college town, Bemidji remains a tight-knit community of good neighbors and engaged citizens who always come out to cheer for the Beavers. Bemidji, named after the Ojibwe Chief Shaynowishkung (nick-named Bemidji), is the central hub for a diverse population of over 15,000 people. Located between three American Indian reservations – Leech Lake, Red Lake and White Earth – students at Bemidji State University have the opportunity to experience a dynamic local culture and history. Bemidji also sits at the center of the legends of Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox. The famous statues of Paul and Babe greet students as they drive in from the south along Lake Bemidji.

Though quaint and historic, the city offers the urban conveniences upon which college students rely. Bemidji State is conveniently located minutes away from affordable restaurants, cozy coffee shops, grocery stores, city parks and more. Small, locally-owned shops and art sculptures line the streets of downtown Bemidji, while national chains can be found in and around the Bemidji area.

The thriving downtown community presents ample opportunities for engagement off-campus. Among other things, there are fine-dining restaurants, cafes and a natural foods coop in downtown Bemidji. The historic Paul Bunyan Playhouse has a calendar of classic shows, restaurants offer weekly live music performances, the First Friday Art Walk provides a tour of new monthly art exhibits and annual festive events bring the community together. Some local favorites are the Loop the Lake Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Blue Ox Marathon and The Minnesota Finlandia.

For those who love the outdoors, there are wooded, multi-use trail systems within minutes of campus and community parks with walking trails, playgrounds and a skate park. Lake Bemidji State Park is located directly across the lake from BSU with trails leading to notable sights and there is a downhill ski area with transportation options during the winter months. Further, the Mississippi River Headwaters is a mere 45 minutes from Bemidji.

Visit Bemidji’s official website to learn more.

Environmental Stewardship

With the Sustainability Office leading the way, we’ve been named one of America’s greenest colleges and universities by The Princeton Review. As part of our institutional commitment to environmental stewardship, our entire community is dedicated to keeping our campus and our environment pristine. Bemidji State University’s mission for sustainability is to promote awareness and instill passion for the Earth through research, projects, and leadership. At BSU, there is a unique understanding of and commitment to sustainability that emphasizes personal wellness along with social equity, economic feasibility and environmental responsibility. The Bemidji State sustainability mission and perspective has been greatly influenced by the Ojibwe culture, recognizing the symbiotic relationship between Earth and humanity.

Sustainability On Campus

The Sustainability Office serves as a facilitator in the University’s commitment to sustainability, acting through a collaborative group involving staff, students, faculty and administrators whose goal is a more ecologically and economically sustainable campus community. The office is responsible for the education, communication, planning and management of environmental issues on campus and also participates in community environmental initiatives. They organize campus activities throughout the year, maintain the campus “Free Store,” implement recycling campaigns and perform waste audits for Beltrami County in an effort to reduce waste throughout the region. Additionally, during the academic school year the BSU Sustainability Office holds weekly presentations on relevant topics related to environmental and sustainability issues. Each month focuses on a different theme, such as wildlife habitats, weaving, canning and preservation, or native foods.

In April, Bemidji State celebrates Earth Month with a full schedule of events, including the annual Stride into Spring 5/10K, panel discussions on genetic engineering, electronics collection drives, and bike maintenance workshops.

Education & Advocacy Programs

BSU offers numerous academic programs that focus on the environment and prepare students to live green, sustainable lives. Visit the Department of Environmental, Earth and Space Studies or in the Aquatic Biology program to learn more about the sustainability-related studies at Bemidji State.

Bemidji State has also partnered with the surrounding community on many educational projects including the efforts to earn Minnesota GreenStep City recognition in 2012. The MN GreenStep Cities program is a voluntary challenge, assistance and recognition program to help cities achieve their sustainability and quality-of-life goals. It is a continuous improvement program that is free and open to all Minnesota cities. With the help of Bemidji State sustainability representatives, the City of Bemidji reached recognition step three of five in June 2015. Read more here.

Click here to view Bemidji’s MN GreenStep City profile.


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Sales Predictor App

Sales Predictor App

How useful would it be if you could identify the prospects that are most likely to become sales?

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The Sales Predictor App is designed to help you, the salesperson, calculate the probability of success in terms of a specific selling situation relating to a single project. While the Sales Predictor offers no guarantees, it makes use of a comprehensive range of professional criteria and, in benefiting from the world-wide expertise of leading sales trainers, introduces essential objectivity into what can be a very subjective process.

It provides you with a clear percentage score indicating where you can expect to be and what you can expect to achieve in respect of an individual client and, rather than spending time on fruitless outcomes, allows you to devote more attention to worthwhile prospects. Essentially, the Sales Predictor is a valuable tool that will assist you in avoiding dead ends and winning more sales. Simply choose from a selection of answers to key questions to find out how you score.

Take the waiting out of winning sales - download the FREE Sales Predictor App now

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Prince Naseem - Autograph - Signed Colour Image

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Prince Naseem former English boxing champion signed photomontage.Size: 625 x 450mm

  • Please allow up to 14 days for delivery of your order.
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Strong subbandgap photoconductivity in GaP implanted with Ti.

11 November 2017

Photovoltaic solar cells based on the intermediate band (IB) concept could greatly enhance the efficiency of future devices. We have analyzed the electrical and photoconductivity properties of GaP supersaturated with Ti to assess its suitability for IB solar cells. GaP:Ti was obtained by ion implantation followed by pulsed-laser melting (PLM) using an ArF excimer laser. It was found that PLM energy densities between 0.35 and 0.55 J/cm2 produced a good recovery of the crystalline structure of GaP (both unimplanted and implanted with Ti), as evidenced by high mobility measured values (close to the reference GaP).

Outside this energy density window, the PLM failed to recover the crystalline structure producing a low mobility layer that is electrically isolated from the substrate. Spectral photoconductivity measurements were performed by using the van der Pauw set up. For GaP:Ti a significant enhancement of the conductivity was observed when illuminating the sample with photon energies below 2.26 eV, suggesting that this photoconductivity is related to the presence of Ti in a concentration high enough to form an IB within the GaP bandgap. The position of the IB was estimated to be around 1.1 eV from the conduction band or the valence band of GaP, which would lead to maximum theoretical efficiencies of 25% to 35% for a selective absorption coefficients scenario and higher for an overlapping scenario.

Olea, J., Prado, A., García‐Hemme, E., García‐Hernansanz, R., Montero, D., González‐Díaz, G., Gonzalo, J., Siegel, J. and López, E., Strong subbandgap photoconductivity in GaP implanted with Ti. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications.

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The Bubble Triangle

A.Davey: Tamarack Village Plaza, Idaho, 2008

by Hans G. Despain

Boom and Bust: A Global History of Financial Bubbles
William Quinn and John D. Turner,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 296 pp

We are just 21 years into the 21st century and there have already been three major economic crises, each one worse than the one before. The century began with a severe global slowdown in the world’s largest economies of the United States, the European Union and Japan. The slowdown was topped off with the dot-com collapse in financial markets caused by excessive speculation in internet companies. The Financial Crisis of 2008 was even more devastating, destroying incomes, crushing middle-class lives and increasing the number of low-income workers. We are now enduring the third major crisis, accelerated by the economic shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Liberal state governments, especially the US and the UK, have addressed the economic hardships ineptly at best. Unemployment remains high, incomes destroyed and an unprecedented number of small businesses have gone bankrupt.

Financial bubbles that often trigger economic crises also seem to be happening more and more frequently. A notable recent example is the cryptocurrency bubbledom. The price of one bitcoin rose from $555 in August 2016 to $19,783 in December 2017; one year later it nosedived to $3,263, and at the end of 2020 it hit a new all-time high of $29,280. During its freefall in 2018, Professor Nouriel Roubini of New York University called cryptocurrency the ‘mother of all scams’ and the ‘mother and father of all bubbles’. The two-year rocky ascent in price has not changed Roubini’s mind.

When financial bubbles pop, they not only destroy wealth, but they can also hurt the macroeconomy. They have devastating consequences for those who did not participate in the activity that caused the initial inflationary boom of the bubble, or what former Federal Reserve Chair Alan Greenspan called ‘irrational exuberance’.

In their brilliant and highly accessible new book, Boom and Bust: A Global History of Financial Bubbles, authors William Quinn and John Turner take us on a 300-year historical tour of the world’s twelve most notorious financial bubbles. Starting in 1720 in the tri-country schemes to finance public debt in France, England and the Netherlands, the book ends in the bubble-riddled 21st century with the dot-com bubble in 2001, the US real-estate bubble in 2008 and the Chinese stock market bubbles in 2007 and 2015. However, this book’s goal is not strictly historical. Instead, Quinn and Turner aim to understand why bubbles happen and to contribute to policy measures to hopefully aid us in ‘devising policies which may prevent bubbles’ and reduce the damage they cause (12).

Quinn and Turner find the conventional explanation of bubbles as the ‘irrational’ behaviour of investors to be ‘unhelpful’ – in fact, ‘almost useless’ for understanding bubble dynamics (11).  Likewise, the very term ‘bubble’ is controversial (3). As an alternative analytical lens, they propose their ‘bubble triangle’ framework (4-9).

The ‘bubble triangle’ begins metaphorically by viewing financial bubbles as fires. Fires are destructive and difficult to stop once started. They can also be beneficial to some ecosystems by providing conditions for renewal. Given sufficient levels of oxygen, fuel and heat, a fire can be started by a simple spark. Extinguishing a fire requires the removal of at least one chemical component. In a financial fire the analogue chemical components are, respectively, marketability (the ability of a commodity to be marketed), money/credit and speculation; the spark is from two sources, technological innovation or government policy (8). Quinn and Turner demonstrate chapter by chapter how their analytical framework explains both how financial bubbles begin and how they come to an end. They maintain their bubble triangle framework provides predictive power for future bubbles (210-11).

Economic literature tends to explain the causes of specific historical episodes, while the bubble triangle framework provides a more general theory for explaining the causes of bubbles. In addition, although John Maynard Keynes’s herd-like behaviour of investors and Hyman Minsky’s instability hypothesis are powerful theories for predicting the regular recurrence of bubbles, they are less able to explain why no major bubbles occurred from 1931 to 1981. Quinn and Turner’s framework fills this analytical gap.

Quinn and Turner demonstrate the power of their analytical framework by examining twelve historical financial ‘bubble triangles’ in ten wonderfully written, extremely entertaining and exceptionally erudite chapters. They cover the first bubble in 1720, the Latin American mining stocks bubble in the 1820s, the UK railway stocks bubble of the 1840s, the Australian land bubble of 1886-93, the UK bicycle bubble of the 1890s, the US stock market bubble of the 1920s, the Japanese stock and real-estate bubble in 1985-92, the dot-com bubble of 1995-2001, the subprime mortgage bubble of the 2000s and two Chinese stock bubbles in 2007 and 2015.

Quinn and Turner’s approach is not to mine for new historical data, but to review the scholarly literature and demonstrate that in each episode the bubble triangle has formidable explanatory power. Generally they find in all bubble occurrences that marketability rises or is already high, money and credit are greatly expanded and speculation always ablaze.  In each case they contend the initial spark was either innovation or government policy. They further highlight that all too often fraud and ignorance function to add more money and make a heated speculative moment even hotter.

The series of events in 1720 are especially interesting in that they constitute three separate bubbles. The Mississippi Bubble in France, the South Sea Bubble in the UK and the Dutch Windhandel represent the first, and by some measures, the largest global financial bubble in history. In each case, ‘all three sides of the bubble triangle [were] in place’ (33). According to Quinn and Turner, propaganda, fraud and government policy were the spark (33).

The negative economic consequences were far more severe in France than in the UK and the Netherlands for two primary reasons. A much greater proportion of the French population were exposed due to John Law’s currency schemes and the French banking system was much more deeply involved in manufacturing and participation in the Mississippi Bubble (37). France experienced a deep recession and was saddled by public debt and financial chaos, prohibiting France’s economic development and ‘indirectly’ linking the bubble ‘to both the French Revolution and the ultimate failure of Napoleon’ (35). Meanwhile, the UK and the Netherlands’ bubble avoided the severe economic and political consequences. In the case of the UK, the South Sea Bubble may have been a net positive because the recession was short-lived and the debt burden was significantly reduced (36).

The UK bicycle bubble of the 1890s also generated net positive consequences. Although the number of new bicycle firms was unsustainable and the bicycle stock bubble destructive (98-108), many of the unprofitable and bankrupt firms quickly transitioned into other forms of manufacturing (111) following the bursting of the bubble. This augmented the industrial capacity of Britain. In addition, bicycles provided health benefits to riders and reduced harmful waste products from horses, making pedestrian activity safer (113).

It is therefore important to appreciate that bubbles can have positive consequences; nevertheless, ‘not all bubbles are benign or socially useful’ (192). The 2008 subprime mortgage crisis is notable for its economic destruction (189- 92) and devastation of home values (173). In the early 2000s the bubble triangle was in supercharge. The fuel of the crisis was the money rushing into real estate following the dot-com stock crash in 2001. The oxygen was the great increase in stock market activity from the 1990s as well as the increase in middle-class wealth and in financial innovation following financial deregulation. The heat was provided by real-estate speculation due to the rapid increase in house prices, the financial media that emboldened real-estate investment and television shows that encouraged house flipping (185).

Quinn and Turner contend the spark to the housing bubble triangle was ‘political’ (192) and to be found in government housing policy that aimed at creating an ‘ownership society’ and reducing inequality (186). They underscore the ‘unhealthy symbiotic relationship between property developers, banks and politicians’ (189).  Moreover, central banks were ‘powerless’ to prevent the boom, but powerful in clean-up operations: ‘However, in so doing, they saved reckless banks and distorted asset markets with their extraordinary monetary policy. The long-term effects of this clean-up might therefore make the next bubble more likely – and more dangerous’ (192).

As wonderful, entertaining and instructive as this book is, substantive criticisms are in order. First, Quinn and Turner miss an opportunity to apply their bubble triangle framework to the real-estate bubble in China and Hong Kong, and to the Wealth Management Products which have financed it. This bubble is currently deflating, suggesting this as the site of the next crisis.

Second, Quinn and Turner have very little faith in governments preventing bubbles. Thus, the best we can hope for is central banks to clean up ‘the mess from the collapse of the bubble by soothing the pain of its bursting’ (217). They anticlimactically conclude the ‘chief lesson for investors from our book’ is merely to examine ‘each situation to see if the elements of the bubble triangle are present’ (221). ‘Investors beware’ is a highly dissatisfying punchline.

Third, Quinn and Turner explicitly (189) and implicitly throughout their book worry about the ‘unhealthy’ relationship between the state and financiers as a primary source promoting the bubble triangle. Far more attention should be given towards defining the conditions constituting a ‘healthy’ relationship and the institutional forms that would help to solidify a healthy symbiotic relation between the state and financiers.

Fourth, they provocatively claim that the most severe consequences of bubbles are dependent on two conditions. First is the degree of leverage and involvement of banks, versus the involvement of financial investment institutions in that leverage (213). Second, whether the initial spark is innovation or political. When the initial spark is political and the banking system proper is heavily leveraged, the consequences are catastrophic. This is certainly an important insight. However, there are good reasons to believe that the Mississippi bubble in 1720 and the 2008 subprime crisis were caused by financial innovation more than government policy.

Relatedly, the justifications for the George W.Bush administration’s ownership society policy were inequality, lack of health-care and inadequate retirement funds. The Federal Reserve promoted the real-estate boom due to their concerns regarding the dot-com stock market crash. Why not identify the forces generating inequality and the dot-com crisis as the spark of the subprime bubble triangle? Identifying the definitive spark is more problematic than Quinn and Turner present.

Even with these constructive criticisms, Quinn and Turner’s book deserves the highest recommendation. It is accessible to the layperson and simultaneously edifying and provocative for the expert. It is extremely well-written and brilliantly edited. Most impressive is the powerful explanatory and predictive capacities that its analytical framework will provide to theorists, policymakers and investors.

Piece originally published at LSE Review of Books under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

About the Author:

Hans G. Despain, PhD, is a Professor of Political Economy at Nichols College in USA.

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Bergen Taylor Hightower

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Beauty & Blush

 I love so many things about the west coast. When I stumbled across this website the other day, I instantly fell in love. Why can't they bring this to Charlotte, NC??
Ladies!! Meet Blushington: a makeup and beauty lounge that opened October of 2011 in West Hollywood. They’re located right next to Drybar, which is another place that I wish Charlotte had. This website will leave you drooling.

xo, Bergen

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About Berkeley

We’re about being there for our clients when it really matters. When it absolutely has to be right. Doing the right thing is both our ethos and sweet spot. And it’s why clients turn to us again and again.

After graduating in 2010 from the University of Nottingham with a degree in Finance, Accounting & Management, I began my professional career at a US private equity firm. My role in Corporate Accountin...

Katy Spencer, Consultant

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It's the people that make Berkeley different to other consultancies. Bright, friendly, down-to-earth people who are both thinkers and doers. Working by your side, as consultants and colleagues, to get the right results.

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Whatever your long term career goals, we’re here to support you. Through an open dialogue, we help our people to build the capabilities, experiences and networks they need to boost their careers.

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Our case studies show how we work with our clients to deliver real, effective change.

Creating a firm foundation for a new permanent CIO

Taking the reins at a crucial time

Wessex Water needed an interim CIO to run their IT department while they looked for a new permanent IT director. We have a good track record of helping Wessex Water when the stakes are high, and this was one such moment. So they asked us to help and one of our partners took up the reins for nine months.

The business was undergoing a great deal of change during this time. They needed a safe pair of hands to make sure nothing went wrong. And a dynamic pair of hands too, for they were also looking to modernise their information services to meet their greater strategic needs for the future, whilst making sure that the IT department was connected to the business as well as possible.

“The challenge was to help both our internal IS colleagues and the wider business, through an internal transformation process, at the same time as developing a strategic investment programme. The Berkeley Partnership provided us with an almost unique blend of tactical capability, strategic vision and the ability to work seamlessly with our staff to prepare the business for a new direction in information services. It is this blend of skills, and deep knowledge of our business developed over time, that we keep coming back.”

David Elliott, Director of Environment and Assets

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It was a real privilege for me to be asked by Wessex to step into one of their senior management positions at such an exciting time for the business. The passion the people have for the company is infectious, and this drives you to achieve the most you can alongside them, be that changes to the daily ways of working, or delivery of the complex programmes of change.

Richard Marsden

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