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Thomas Tallis

Thomas Tallis

born in 1505

died on 23/11/1585 in Greenwich, England, United Kingdom

Thomas Tallis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Thomas Tallis (c. 1505 3 December 1585 by the Gregorian calendar then in use[1]) was an English composer who occupies a primary place in anthologies of English church music, and is considered one of England's greatest composers. He is honoured for his original voice in English musicianship.[2] No contemporary portrait of Tallis survives: that painted by Gerard Vandergucht (illustration), dates from 150 years after Tallis died, and there is no reason to suppose that it is a likeness. In a rare existing copy of his black letter signature, the composer spelled his last name "Tallys."[3]

Early years

Little is known about Tallis's early life, but there seems to be agreement that he was born in the early 16th century, toward the close of the reign of Henry VII. Little is also known about Tallis's childhood and his significance with music at that age. However, there are suggestions that he was a child of the chapel royal St. James's Palace, the same singing establishment which he later joined as a man.[4] His first known musical appointment was in 1532, as organist of Dover Priory (now Dover College), a Benedictine priory in Kent.[5] His career took him to London, then (probably in the autumn of 1538) to Waltham Abbey, a large Augustinian monastery in Essex which was dissolved in 1540. Tallis was paid off and also acquired a volume and preserved it; one of the treatises in it, by Leonel Power, prohibits consecutive unisons, fifths, and octaves.[6]

Tallis's next post was at Canterbury Cathedral. He was next sent to Court as Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1543 (which later became a Protestant establishment[7]), where he composed and performed for Henry VIII,[8] Edward VI (1547-1553), Queen Mary (1553-1558), and Queen Elizabeth I (1558 until Tallis died in 1585).[9] Throughout his service to successive monarchs as organist and composer, Tallis avoided the religious controversies that raged around him, though, like William Byrd, he stayed an "unreformed Roman Catholic."[10] Tallis was capable of switching the style of his compositions to suit the different monarchs' vastly different demands.[11] Among other important composers of the time, including Christopher Tye and Robert White, Tallis stood out. Walker observes, "He had more versatility of style than either, and his general handling of his material was more consistently easy and certain."[12] Tallis was also a teacher, not only of William Byrd, but also of Elway Bevin, an organist of Bristol Cathedral and gentleman of the Chapel Royal.[13]

Tallis married around 1552; his wife, Joan, outlived him by four years. They apparently had no children. Late in his life he lived in Greenwich, possibly close to the royal palace: a local tradition holds that he lived on Stockwell Street.[14]

Work with William Byrd

Queen Mary granted Tallis a lease on a manor in Kent that provided a comfortable, annual income.[15] In 1575, Queen Elizabeth granted to him and William Byrd a 21-year monopoly for polyphonic music[16] and a patent to print and publish music, which was one of the first arrangements of that type in the country.[17] Tallis's monopoly covered 'set songe or songes in parts', and he composed in English, Latin, French, Italian, or other tongues as long as they served for music in the Church or chamber.[18] Tallis had exclusive rights to print any music, in any language. He and William Byrd were the only ones allowed to use the paper that was used in printing music. Tallis and Byrd used their monopoly to produce Cantiones quae ab argumento sacrae vocantur but the collection did not sell well and they appealed to Queen Elizabeth for her support.[19] People were naturally wary of their new publications, and it certainly did not help their case that they were both avowed Roman Catholics.[20] Not only that, they were strictly forbidden to sell any imported music. "We straightly by the same be brought out of any forren Realmes...any songe or songes made and printed in any foreen countrie." Also, Byrd and Tallis were not given "the rights to music type fonts, printing patents were not under their command, and they didn't actually own a printing press."[21]

Tallis retained respect during a succession of opposing religious movements and deflected the violence that claimed Catholics and Protestants alike.[22]

Thomas Tallis died peacefully in his house in Greenwich in November 1585; most historians agree that he died on the 23rd.[23] He was buried in the chancel of the parish of St Alfege Church in Greenwich. To this day, the exact location in St Alfege Church of Tallis's remains is unknown. His remains may have been discarded by labourers between 1712 and 1714, when the church was rebuilt. Nothing remains of Tallis's original memorial in the church. Strype claims to have found a brass plate with an engraving on it, which reads:

Entered here doth ly a worthy wyght,
Who for long tyme in musick bore the bell:
His name to shew, was THOMAS TALLYS hyght,
In honest virtuous lyff he dyd excell.

He servd long tyme in chappel with grete prayse
Fower sovereygnes reygnes (a thing not often seen);
I meane Kyng Henry and Prynce Edwards dayes,
Quene Mary, and Elizabeth oure Quene.

He maryd was, though children he had none,
And lyvd in love full thre and thirty yeres
Wyth loyal spowse, whose name yclypt was JONE,
Who here entombd him company now beares.

As he dyd lyve, so also did he dy,
In myld and quyet sort (O happy man!)
To God ful oft for mercy did he cry,
Wherefore he lyves, let deth do what he can.[24]

Byrd wrote the musical elegy Ye Sacred Muses on Tallis's death. (The name "Tallis" is derived from the French word "taillis," which means a "thicket.")

Liturgical calendar

Tallis is honoured together with William Byrd and John Merbecke with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 21 November.

See List of compositions by Thomas Tallis

Early works

The earliest surviving works by Tallis, Salve intemerata virgo, Ave rosa sine spinis and Ave Dei patris filia are devotional antiphons to the Virgin Mary, which were used outside the liturgy and were cultivated in England until the fall of Cardinal Wolsey. Henry VIII's break with Roman Catholicism in 1534 and the rise of Thomas Cranmer noticeably influenced the style of music written. Texts became largely confined to the liturgy.[25] The writing of Tallis and his contemporaries became less florid. Tallis's Mass for four voices is marked with tendencies toward a syllabic (which is a setting of text where each syllable is sung to one pitch) and chordal (consisting of or emphasising chords) style and a diminished use of melisma. Tallis provides a rhythmic variety and differentiation of moods depending on the meaning of his texts.[26] Tallis helped found a relationship that was specific to the combining of words and music.[27] He also wrote several excellent Lutheran chorales.[28]

The reformed Anglican liturgy was inaugurated during the short reign of Edward VI (154753),[29] and Tallis was one of the first church musicians to write anthems set to English words, although Latin continued to be used.[30] The Catholic Mary Tudor set about undoing the religious reforms of the preceding decades. Following her accession in 1553, the Roman Rite was restored and compositional style reverted to the elaborate writing prevalent early in the century.[31] Two of Tallis's major works, Gaude gloriosa Dei Mater[32] and the Christmas Mass Puer natus est nobis are believed to be from this period. Only Puer natus est nobis can be accurately dated to 1554. As was the prevailing practice, these pieces were intended to exalt the image of the Queen as well as to praise the Mother of God.[33]

Some of Tallis's works were compiled and printed in the Mulliner Book by Thomas Mulliner before Queen Elizabeth's reign, and may have been used by the Queen herself when she was younger. Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister in 1558, and the Act of Uniformity in the following year abolished the Roman Liturgy[34] and firmly established the Book of Common Prayer.[35] Composers at court resumed writing English anthems, although the practice of setting Latin texts continued, growing more peripheral over time.

The mood of the country in the beginning of Elizabeth's reign leant toward the puritan, which discouraged the liturgical polyphony. Tallis wrote nine psalm chant tunes for four voices for Archbishop Parker's Psalter, published in 1567.[36] One of the nine tunes, the "Third Mode Melody", inspired the composition of Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis by Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1910.[37] Tallis's better-known works from the Elizabethan years include his settings of the Lamentations (of Jeremiah the Prophet)[38] for the Holy Week services and the unique motet Spem in alium written for eight five-voice choirs. Tallis is mostly remembered for his role in composing office hymns and this motet, Spem in alium. Too often we forget to look at his compositions for other monarchs; several of Tallis's anthems written in Edward's reign, such as his If ye love me, ought to be considered on the same level as his Elizabethan works.[39] This is partially because we do not have all of his works from previous periods; eleven of eighteen Latin-texted pieces by Tallis from Elizabeth's reign were published, "which ensured their survival in a way not available to the earlier material."[40]

Later works

Toward the end of his life, Tallis resisted the musical development seen in his younger contemporaries such as William Byrd, who embraced compositional complexity and adopted texts built by combining disparate biblical extracts.[41] Tallis's experiments during this time period were considered rather unusual.[42] Tallis was content to draw his texts from the Liturgy[43] and wrote for the worship services in the Chapel Royal.[44] Tallis composed during a difficult period during the conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism, and his music often displays characteristics of the turmoil.[45]

Fictional portrayals

A fictionalised Thomas Tallis was portrayed by Joe Van Moyland in 2007 on the Showtime television series The Tudors, loosely based upon the early reign of Henry VIII.

  • Ceremony & Devotion Harry Christophers, The Sixteen (CORO)
  • Tallis, Byrd and Guerrero, The Flowering of Genius The Sixteen (CORO16001)
  • William Byrd and Thomas Tallis, In Chains of Gold. Dunedin Consort, DCD34008
  • Herald AV Publications HAVPCD305: Thomas Tallis

See also

  1. 23 November 1585 by the Julian calendar
  2. Farrell, J: Latin Language and Latin Culture: From Ancient to Modern Times, page 125. New York Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  3. Cole, Suzanne. Thomas Tallis and his Music in Victorian England, page 62. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2008.
  4. Walker, Ernest. A History of Music in England, page 48 Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952
  5. Lord, Suzanne.; Brinkman, David. Music from the Age of Shakespeare: A Cultural History, page 197. Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.
  6. Walker 1920
  7. Farrell 125
  8. Holman, Peter. Dowland: Lachrimae (1604), page 201. Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  9. Thomas, Jane Resh. Behind the Mask: The Life of Queen Elizabeth I, page 136. New York Houghton-Muffin Trade and Reference, 1998.
  10. Peter Ackroyd Albion: The Origins of the English Imagination ( New York: First Anchor Books, 2004), 184
  11. Phillips, Peter. Sign of Contradiction: Tallis at 500, page 8. Musical Times 146 (Summer 2005): 715.
  12. Walker 5859
  13. Walker 75
  14. Paul Doe/David Allinson, Grove online
  15. Cole 93
  16. Holman 1
  17. Lord 69
  18. Holman 1
  19. Holman 1
  20. Lord 69
  21. Lord 70
  22. Gatens. "Tallis: Works, all." American Record Guide 68.3 (MayJune 2005): 181.
  23. St. James Palace; Rimbault, Edward F. The Old Cheque-Book, page 192. Chapel Royal. Westminster: J.B, Nichols and Sons.
  24. Rimbault 192193
  25. Shrock, Dennis. Choral Repertoire, page 136. Oxford University Press, 2009.
  26. Manderson, Desmond. Songs Without Music: Aesthetic Dimensions of Law and Justice, page 86. University of California Press, 2000.
  27. Phillips 11
  28. Walker 396
  29. Lord 75
  30. Lord 200
  31. Shrock 148
  32. Gaude gloriosa Dei Mater (Thomas Tallis) at
  33. Shrock 148
  34. Farrell 125
  35. Thomas 89
  36. Lord 86
  37. Steinberg, Michael. Choral Masterworks: A Listeners Guide, page 291 New York Oxford Press, 2005.
  38. Cole 93
  39. Phillips 11
  40. Phillips 13
  41. Phillips 9
  42. Phillips 11
  43. Farrell 125
  44. Farrell 125
  45. Gatens 181

  • Cole, Suzanne. Thomas Tallis and his Music in Victorian England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2008.
  • Doe, Paul and Allinson, David : Thomas Tallis, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 5 May 2007), (subscription access)
  • Farrell, Joseph. Latin Language and Latin Culture: From Ancient to Modern Times. New York Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  • Gatens. Tallis: Works, all. American Record Guide 68.3 (MayJune 2005): 181.
  • Holman, Peter. Dowland: Lachrimae (1604); Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Lord, Suzanne.; Brinkman, David. Music from the Age of Shakespeare: A Cultural History. Westport, Conn Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.
  • Manderson, Desmond. Songs Without Music: Aesthetic Dimensions of Law and Justice. University of California Press, 2000.
  • Phillips, Peter. Sign of Contradiction: Tallis at 500. Musical Times 146 (Summer 2005): 715.
  • Shrock, Dennis. Choral Repertoire. Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • Steinberg, Michael. Choral Masterworks: A Listeners Guide. New York Oxford Press, 2005.
  • St. James Palace; Rimbault, Edward F. The Old Cheque-Book. Chapel Royal. Westminster: J.B, Nichols and Sons.
  • Thomas, Jane Resh. Behind the Mask: The Life of Queen Elizabeth I. New York Houghton-Muffin Trade and Reference, 1998.
  • Walker, Ernest. A History of Music in England. 3rd ed., rev. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Thomas Tallis

  • BBC Radio 3 Discovering Music program on Spem in Alium and related works
  • Listen to free recordings of Latin church music and English church music from Umeå Akademiska Kör
  • The Mutopia project has compositions by Thomas Tallis available here
  • Free access to high-resolution images of manuscripts containing works by Tallis from Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music
  • Free scores by Thomas Tallis in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  • Free scores by Thomas Tallis in the International Music Score Library Project
  • In Pace in Idipsum, edited by
This page was last modified 13.04.2014 19:48:01

This article uses material from the article Thomas Tallis from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia and it is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.


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The Wives and Mothers
of Radio Amateurs

The Wives and Mothers of Radio Amateurs, August 1931 QST - RF CafeHow well received do you think this social concept would be in today's easily offended world: "To bring together socially the Wives and Mothers of Dallas Radio Amateurs; to promote mutual sympathy, counsel, and interest in our husband's and our son's hobby; and with a realization that theirs is an outstanding, fascinating, far-reaching and educational hobby, it is our desire to further their interests in whatever way may present itself." It would be roundly criticized as a backward, misogynistic, 1930-era mindset intended to subject women to yet another form of domestic slavery beyond housekeeping and child rearing - no doubt thought up by a man. Anyone thinking so ...

The Auto Industry's Latest
and Greatest Engines

The Auto Industry's Latest and Greatest Engines - RF CafeI've said before that if you want a place to see great engineering-related slideshows, it's hard to beat the subjects that Charles Murray and Rob Spiegel come up with on the Design News website. Motorheads will definitely appreciate these images of some of the most high-tech production engines ever built. The blue anodizing on Ford's 1.0-liter, turbocharged, three-cylinder EcoBoost engine is incentive to do like in the 1950s-70s and cut a hole in the hood to show off the craftsmanship. However, its diminutive size would allow it to fit into an airplane's overhead luggage compartment so the effect would not be as impressive as a big block Chevy engine with a raised intake manifold, blower, and four-barrel Holley carburetor sticking out ..."

Tesseract Antique Instruments

Tesseract Antique Instruments - RF Cafe SmorgasbordMy introduction to a tesseract was during an episode of Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" series in the 1980s, where he was demonstrating how beings in of dimension N would perceive items of dimension N+1. The tesseract, Sagan explained, is a 3-dimensional projection of 4-dimension hypercube. Watch the embedded video for more information. The Tesseract website, which has nothing to do with a hypercube as far as I can tell, deals in some very cool antique scientific instruments. I learned of it from an article in Astronomy magazine where an editor recommended it when researching the potential value of a collectible telescope. Run by Drs. David and Yola Coffeen, Tesseract has a huge inventory of items ...

FCC Invites Comments on Eliminating
15 dB Gain Limit on Amateur Amps

FCC Invites Comments on Petition to Eliminate 15 dB Gain Limit on Amateur Amplifiers - RF CafeWell it's about time this antiquated rule was abolished! "Expert maintains that the 15 dB gain limitation is an unneeded holdover from the days when amplifiers were less efficient and the FCC was attempting to rein in the use of Amateur Service amplifiers by Citizens Band operators (aka CBers). While the FCC proposed in its 2004 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and Order in WT Docket 04-140 to delete the requirement that amplifiers be designed to use a minimum of 50 W of drive power and subsequently did so, it did not further discuss the 15 dB gain limit in the subsequent Report. 'There is no technical or regulatory reason an amplifier capable of being driven to full legal output by even a fraction of a watt should not be available to Amateur Radio operators ..."

Multi-Impedance Dipole Antennas

Multi-Impedance Dipole Antennas, May 1953 QST - RF CafeMaybe I suffer from cranial rectumitis at the moment, but I'm having a hard time with a statement made about coaxial feedline impedance, to wit, "102-ohm line (52-ohm lines in series)." I must be missing something because I don't understand how placing two 52-ohm transmission cables in series results in twice the impedance. Aside from that, author John Avery presents an interesting article on multi-impedance dipole antennas. Empirical data is presented on how the feedpoint impedance of a dipole varies with distance above the ground. His results are very close to theoretical values which assumes non-sagging elements, perfectly linear alignment, a perfectly conductive ground, etc. He then extended his investigation into 2-wire (4x impedance) ...

MACOM Sues Infineon Technologies
4G/LTE and 5G Semiconductors

MACOM Sues Infineon Technologies 4G/LTE and 5G Semiconductors - RF CafeMACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, a leading supplier of high-performance analog RF, microwave, millimeterwave and photonic semiconductor products, today announced that it has initiated legal action against Infineon Technologies and International Rectifier (acquired by Infineon in 2015), to defend its rights to use the pioneering and patented GaN technology developed by Nitronex (acquired by MACOM in 2014) in MACOM's core markets. GaN is a next-generation technology that promises to improve network data service and cell coverage of 4G/LTE and 5G basestations while reducing their energy consumption and associated carbon footprint ...

Physical Layer Measurement for Next
Gen 5G/IoT Wired Communications

Physical Layer Measurement for Next Generation 5G/IoT Wired Communications - RF CafeFree downloadable whitepaper from Anritsu. "This paper outlines some high-speed standards for next-generation communications and describes some physical-layer measurement techniques, targeting the era of 5G and IoT. • Need for 5G/IoT Generation • Wired Networks Faster • Wired Communications Measurement Challenges in Next-Generation Interconnects ..."

Single-Atom Magnet Breaks
New Ground for Data Storage

Single-Atom Magnet Breaks New Ground for Data Storage - RF Cafe"EPFL scientists have built a single-atom magnet that is the most stable to-date. The breakthrough paves the way for the scalable production of miniature magnetic storage devices. Magnetic storage devices such as computer hard drives or memory cards are widespread today. But as computer technology grows smaller, there is a need to also miniaturize data storage. This is epitomized by an effort to build magnets the size of a single atom. However, a magnet that small is very hard to keep 'magnetized,' which means that it would be unable to retain information for a meaningful ..."

Much Appreciation for Windfreak's
Continued Support!

Windfreak TechnologiesWindfreak Technologies was created with the vision of providing low cost, quality, innovative RF products that can be SynthNV: 34 MHz – 4.4 GHz RF Signal Generator w/ Power Detectorused in a wide range of highly technical applications for a wide range of customers, from hobbyists to education facilities to government agencies. Windfreak designs, manufactures, tests and sells high value USB powered and controlled radio frequency products such as RF Signal Generators, RF Synthesizers, RF Power Detectors, RF Mixers, RF Upconverters and RF SynthUSBII: 34 MHz – 4.4 GHz Low Cost RF Signal Generatordownconverters. Worldwide customers include Europe, Australia, and Asia. Please visit Windfreak today!

Micro-Sized Liquid-Metal Particles
Created for Heat-Free Soldering

Micro-Sized Liquid-Metal Particles Created for Heat-Free Soldering - RF Cafe"Martin Thuo likes to look for new, affordable and clean ways to put science and technology to work in the world. His lab is dedicated to an idea called frugal innovation: 'How do you do very high-level science or engineering with very little?' said Thuo, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at Iowa State University and an associate of the U.S. DoE's Ames Laboratory. 'How can you solve a problem with the least amount of resources?' That goal has Thuo and his research group their materials expertise to study soft matter, single-molecule electronics and renewable ..."

Editorial re FCC Potentially Shutting
Down Amateur Radio During WWII

Editorial on FCC Potentially Shutting Down Amateur Radio During WWII, November 1940 QST - RF Cafe"Do you think that F.C.C. would be engaged in the present terrific expense and effort of getting our fingerprints and citizenship histories if there were intention of shutting us down shortly?" That statement was printed by the QST magazine editor in the issue that preceded the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor by thirteen months. A few things about it are troubling. First, the FCC was collecting fingerprints of licensed amateur radio operators. Second, the FCC was assimilating information about licensed amateur radio operators' citizenship histories. Third, a combination of short-sightedness and apparent naiveté concerning the FCC's willingness to shut down amateur radio operations once ...

Graphene Doped with Hydrogen
Reveals Its Magnetism

Graphene Doped with Hydrogen Reveals Its Magnetism - RF Cafe"Hydrogen atoms can induce magnetism in graphene and be used to create a uniform magnetic order across the 1D material. That is the finding of researchers in Spain, France and Egypt, who also demonstrated that it is possible to atomically manipulate hydrogen atoms on graphene to control the local magnetic state. Graphene is a sheet of carbon just one atom thick that has a number of unique properties. But it is not magnetic. 'The incorporation of magnetism to the long list of graphene capabilities ..."

The "Fair Use" Doctrine
and the U.S. Copyright Office

The "Fair Use" Doctrine and the U.S. Copyright Office - RF Cafe"The Congress shall have Power … To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Tımes to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." - United States Constitution, Article I, Section 8. Therein lies the authority for legislation and prosecution of rights for virtually every human creation within the jurisdiction of the country. Each nation has it own version, and international agreements help assure universal protection of a creator's rights of ownership; e.g., the "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" of 1886 and the World Intellectual Property Organization. America has the U.S. Copyright Office. Those of us involved in presenting information and referring to legally protected ...

World’s Fastest Silicon-Based
Flexible Transistors

World’s Fastest Silicon-Based Flexible Transistors - RF Cafe"Engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found an inexpensive, easy way to make flexible transistors. The manufacturing method can easily be repeated and scaled up, but the most exciting development is the transistor itself. It is faster than any other silicon-based flexible transistor, and it is capable of wirelessly transferring data or power. The transistor operates at a record 38 GHz, and the researchers estimate that it could even operate as fast as 110 GHz, which would give computers incredibly fast processing speeds. The transistor's record-setting performance is because of a unique, 3-D current-flow pattern that makes it ..."

Nova Microwave Is Continuing Its
Support of RF Cafe - Thanks!

Nova MicrowaveNova Microwave, located in Clearwater, Florida specializes in the design, engineering and manufacturing of a broad range of Nova Microwave IsolatorsFerrite Circulators and Isolators. Nova Microwave is a leader in technically differentiated electronic and radio frequency Ferrite circulators and isolators that connect, protect and control critical systems for the global microwave electronics market place including Nova Microwave Circulatorscommercial and military wireless telecommunications. Our staff is dedicated to research and development of standard and custom design quality ferrite circulators and isolators from 380 MHz to 26.5 GHz ...

Nanotubes Serve as Light Emitter
in Integrated Photonic Circuit

Nanotubes Serve as Light Emitter in Integrated Photonic Circuit - RF Cafe"Using fiber optic cables as waveguides for transmitting light that is ultimately converted into voice calls or data has been a mainstay for the telecommunications industry for decades. But it's been a massive struggle to adapt this kind of technology to the scale of a microchip so that photons carry data through an integrated circuit instead of electrons. Now researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany have tackled a major problem in making integrated optical circuits a reality by creating nanoscale photonic emitters with tailored optical ..."

Notable Tech Quote

Notable Tech Quote: 70% USMC Air Fleet Grounded - RF Cafe"We are an operational squadron. We are supposed to be flying jets, not building them." - Lt. Col. Harry Thomas,, commanding officer of VMFA-312, a Marine Corps F/A-18 squadron based at Beaufort, remarking in a story about how only 30% of the USMC air fleet is actually air worthy.

Astronomy and Amateur Radio

Astronomy and Amateur Radio, November 1943 QST - RF CafeIt is always nice to read an article that encompasses more than one of my hobbies, whether it be amateur radio and amateur astronomy like this one, amateur radio and model rocketry, or amateur radio and radio controlled airplanes. I don't recall ever seeing an article that combined astronomy and model airplanes. In this QST piece, author Hollis French expounds on the necessity for Hams to understand the effects that atmospheric phenomena, caused primarily by our sun's periodic and intermittent activity, have on radio signal propagation. Properties of the ionospheric layers had by 1943 been pretty well surmised based on cause and effect relationships since at the time no sounding rockets had been launched into the upper atmosphere to obtain in situ ...

FCC Commissioner Wants Tests on
5.9 GHz to Expand WiFi Access

FCC Commissioner Wants Tests on 5.9 GHz to Expand WiFi Access - RF Cafe"FCC Jessica Rosenworcel told a group of industry representatives that the 5.9 GHz band is "our best near shot for having more WiFi" and called for tests to ensure that it can be effectively used for this purpose. Rosenworcel was speaking at the WiFi Now conference held at the Sheraton Hotel here. The conference featured looks at some innovations in WiFi as well as new ways to monetize this primarily free service. Perhaps the most important innovation came from Edgewater Wireless, which has developed a means for producing radio chips with three discrete ..."

Antique Dining Room Table Redesign

Antique Dining Room Table Redesign - Airplanes and RocketsWhen Melanie's mother needed to be moved into an extensive care facility, we inherited the family's antique dining room table. It was manufactured by the James Pleukharp company, located in Ohio. Similar models were made sometime in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The rounded end panels drop down and the center section expands to hold up to six leaf panels to a total of 105". With no leaves the table is nearly round with a 45" diameter. A very greenish poplar comprises the solid 3/4" tabletop and turned legs, with oak used for the sliding expansion mechanism. Surprisingly, a thick walnut plank ran across the frame to support the center leg ...

JCS Mulls Newest Domain:
Electromagnetic Spectrum

VCJCS Mulls Newest Domain: Electromagnetic Spectrum - RF Cafe"The Vice-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is taking a "very serious" look at to making the electromagnetic spectrum a formal "domain" of military operations, a top aide to the Pentagon’s chief information officer told me this morning. The move would elevate the ethereal realm of radio waves and radar to the same level of importance as land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace, with ramifications rippling across the military's budget, training, and organization. We’ve written for years about the military’s anxiety that it has "lost the electromagnetic spectrum" to increasingly sophisticated adversaries like Russia and China, who can jam or spoof ..."

Microwave Components

Way-Cool-Looking Microwave Components - RF CafeA little over a year ago, I posted photos and info on a few really cool-looking RF devices that make me wish I had a use for them, or at least had examples to put on display as conversation pieces. Usually the components look the way they do purely due to functional necessity, but sometimes I think the designers intentionally add a little bit of 'wow' factor to them. Waveguide components tend to dominate. At the time, I could not find a hyperlink to Sage Millimeter's Space Qualified 26.8 GHz Integrated Transmitter Module; however, thanks to a recent e-mail from a nice lady from the company, there is now a link to the datasheet ...

Inside One of the World’s Most
Secretive iPhone Factories

Inside One of the World’s Most Secretive iPhone Factories - RF CafeThis story reminds me of carefully scripted 'tours' given by Communist regimes to outside agencies to demonstrate how humane and open their society really is. "A few minutes past 9 a.m. at Pegatron Corp.'s vast factory on Shanghai's outskirts, thousands of workers dressed in pink jackets are getting ready to make iPhones. The men and women stare into face scanners and swipe badges at security turnstiles to clock in. The strict ID checks are there to make sure they don't work excessive overtime. The process takes less than two seconds. This is the realm in which the world's most profitable smartphones are made ..."

Electronics-Themed Comics

Electronics Themed Comics, November 1940 QST - RF CafeThe weekend is over and it's time to hunker down for five long days of grueling work. Most of the electronics-themed comics that appeared in QST magazine were associated directly with particular columns. For example, the cartoons featuring 'Jeeves,' the overtaxed manservant of a never-seen house master, was part of the "How's DX" feature. Drawn by artist Phil Glidersleeve (aka 'Gil'), W1CJD, poor Jeeves was often found doing his boss's will in the most precarious situation with intemperate weather making his assignments tough to complete. Situations involving Podunk Hollow Radio Club were frequent subjects of Gil's drawing pen as well. Enjoy ...

Keysight Series of "How to Design
an RF Power Amplifier" Videos

Keysight Technologies Announces Series of "How to Design an RF Power Amplifier" Videos - RF CafeKeysight EEsof EDA has released a series of five RF power amplifier (PA) design videos intended to provide engineers with the building blocks to design more complex PA classes (i.e., A, AB, B, F, E and J). While PAs are used everywhere, their large signal nonlinear nature makes designing them difficult. Moreover, the idealized waveforms that define textbook classes of operation are problematic, if not impossible, to realize using a real device ...

Algorithm Streamlines 4G/5G
Antenna Design Time

Algorithm Streamlines 4G/5GAntenna Design Time - RF Cafe"The antennas for smartphones capable of operating anywhere in the world at 4G and in the future at 5G, are becoming progressively more difficult to design with all the different frequencies they must transmit and receive. The answer, already being used in advanced design is multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas (also called multi-port antennas) that can dissect the frequency band cheaply and efficiently. Unfortunately, today's experienced antenna designers use "black magic" (their experience and savvy) to guess at what ..."

Mucho Thanks to Res-Net Microwave
for It's Continued Support!

Res-Net MicrowaveRes-Net Microwave manufactures a complete line of precision RF & microwave components including microwave attenuators, microwave Res-Net Microwave Flange Terminationterminations, microwave resistors, and now diode detectors for commercial, military, and space applications. The company is a leader in development and production of the films required for Res-Net Microwave High Power Attenuationthese type of RF/microwave components. In addition to an extensive selection of standard products, Res-Net offers custom designed and manufactured products using their state-of-the-art CAD/CAM resources for all their ...

Magnetic-Free Circulator
Helps Double Wi-Fi Speed

Magnetic-Free Circulator Helps Double Wi-Fi Speed - RF Cafe"Full-duplex radio ICs that can be implemented in nanoscale CMOS to enable simultaneous transmission and reception at the same frequency in a wireless radio were first invented last year by Columbia Engineering researchers. That system required two antennas, one for the transmitter and one for the receiver. Now the team has developed a breakthrough technology that needs only one antenna, thus enabling an even smaller overall system. 'Our circulator is the first to be put on a silicon chip ..."

NuWaves Engineering Intros 10 W
VHF - S-Band RF Power Amplifier

NuWaves Engineering, an international RF and microwave solutions provider, announced the upcoming release of an upgraded broadband RF PA for VHF to S-band transmitters and data radios, the NuPower™ 11B02A model, featuring high power efficiency and multi-octave operation in a compact package. The NuPower 11B02A model, part number NW-PA-11B02A, will replace the NuPower Mini Multi-Octave Power Amplifier model, part number NW-SSPA-MINI-10W-0.225-2.6, delivering a minimum of 7 Watts, and typically 10 Watts, of RF power from 225 to 2600 MHz when driven with a 3 dBm RF input signal ...

The Atom Without Properties

The Atom Without Properties - RF Cafe"The microscopic world is governed by the rules of quantum mechanics, where the properties of a particle can be completely undetermined and yet strongly correlated with those of other particles. Physicists from the University of Basel have observed these so-called Bell correlations for the first time between hundreds of atoms. Their findings are published in the scientific journal Science. Everyday objects possess properties independently of each other and regardless of whether we observe them or not. Einstein famously asked whether the moon ..."

Balloon-Supported Antennas

More on Balloon-Supported Antennas, November 1940 QST - RF CafeKite- and balloon-lifted antennas are very popular in the amateur radio realm. They are primarily used for short-term activity such as during a contest or during an emergency; however, some operators use them on a more extended basis. A really good series of articles on the use of balloons and kites for suspending antennas can be found here. Equations for calculating necessary balloon and kite sizes and predicting wind effects are included along with lists of 'Dos' and 'Don'ts.' This is not a new phenomenon. A 1940 edition of QST magazine described how to employ weather and sounding balloons to provide needed antenna configurations ...

Graphene Filters Could Unlock
Ultra-Fast Wireless Speeds

Graphene Filters Could Unlock Ultra-Fast Wireless Speeds - RF Cafe"Buried in the wilderness between microwaves and infrared light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum known as the terahertz gap. The term comes from the relative lack of wireless technology that is capable of transmitting or receiving these ultra-high frequency bands. Now, researchers from the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) and University of Geneva have invented a graphene filter that could make terahertz antennas more efficient and practical. The new microchip blocks out rouge signals that interfere ..."

R/C Russian Antonov AN-225
and Buran Spaceplane

Radio Controlled Russian Antonov AN-225 and Buran Spaceship - RF CafeA lot of people view the videos I post of giant scale radio controlled model airplanes, so this one should be of interest. It shows a Russian Antonov AN-225 performing a mid-air launch of a piggybacked Buran spaceplane (which by pure coincidence looks like the U.S. Space Shuttle). Drama ensues during the separation phase. As is often the case, we thank our German modeling brethren for for this magnificent craft ...

Army Speeds up Its
Battlefield SATCOM

Army Speeds up Its Battlefield SATCOM - RF Cafe"The Army has been speeding up its global satellite constellation, designed to give soldiers quick access to global communications using portable equipment, into service. The Wideband Global Satellite, or WSG-1, operates at 12 times of the speed of the legacy Defense Satellite Communications System. Users in the western Pacific recently transitioned to WSG-1 following six months of testing, the Army said in a release. DSCS, which has been in operation since the 1960s, with the latest versions launched in the 1980s and '90s, transmitted ..."

Team Builds 1st Quantum
Cascade Laser on Silicon

Team Builds 1st Quantum Cascade Laser on Silicon - RF Cafe"A team of researchers from across the country, led by Alexander Spott, University of California, have built the first quantum cascade laser on silicon. The advance may have applications that span from chemical bond spectroscopy and gas sensing, to astronomy and free-space communications. Integrating lasers directly on silicon chips is challenging, but it is much more efficient and compact than coupling external laser light to the chips. The indirect bandgap of silicon makes it difficult to build a laser out of silicon, but diode lasers can be built ..."

Many Thanks to Anatech Electronics
for Long-Time Support!

Anatech Electronics logo - RF CafeAnatech Electronics (AEI) manufactures and supplies RF and microwave filters for military and commercial communication systems, providing standard and custom RF filters, and RF products. Standard RF filter and cable assembly products are Anatech Electronics RF Filterspublished in our website database for ease of procurement. Custom RF filters designs are used when a standard cannot be found, or the requirements dictate a custom approach. Please visit Anatech today to see how they can help your project succeed!

KR Electronics Intros 1100 MHz
Bandpass Filter

KR Electronics has introduced a new 1100 MHz bandpass filter design, part number 3260-1100. The filter has a minimum 2 dB bandwidth of 400 MHz. An elliptic type filter is used for high selectivity. Typical insertion loss is 1 dB . The filter is supplied in a small surface mount package measuring .2" x 0.38" x 0.25". Other frequencies and bandwidths are available. Please visit KR Electronics today to see whether their products can be of use to you.

DARPA Project Could
Double Wireless Capacity

DARPA Project Could Double Wireless Capacity - RF Cafe"Pentagon-funded researchers have achieved a breakthrough that could double the capacity of wireless communications, leading to faster Web searches and downloads, by allowing devices to send and receive signals with a single antenna. Smartphones and tablets tend to use at least two antennas for transmitting and receiving signals. But Columbia University electrical engineers, working as part of DARPA's Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) program, have managed to miniaturize the electronic components and get radio frequency signals to work in ..."

A Logic Named Joe :
The Internet Foretold?

A Logic Named Joe - The Internet Foretold? - RF CafeSci-fi writer William F. Jenkins, who went by the pen name "Murray Leinster," wrote a short story titled A Logic Named Joe, that appeared in March 1946 issue of Astounding Science Fiction. In the story, an amazingly prescient description of the modern Internet is laid out. The works is copyrighted so I will not replicate the entire thing here, but these are a few excerpts that sound a lot like Mr. Leinster was in cahoots with DARPA during the development ...

Newly Published RF & Microwave
Magazine Articles

RF & Microwave Engineering Articles for April 21, 2016 - RF CafeMany great new RF-type magazine articles that have appeared in the trade magazines in the last couple weeks. Since the majority of people no longer receive paper copies of the magazines, I try to drive a little traffic to their websites by highlighting titles that appeal to my interest and like-minded RF Cafe visitors ...

Virtual Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL)
    Calibration, J. Penn
Process Wide Bandwidths in
    Aerospace/Defense Systems,
   I. Beavers
Multi-Tone Testing Multiplies Test
    Solutions, C. DeMartino
First Pass Success with ASICS,
    A. Rehman  <more>

What's Your RF Integration IQ?

Peregrine "What's Your RF Integration IQ?" - RF CafePeregrine Semiconductor has created a quiz titled "What's Your RF Integration IQ?" that tests your knowledge on RF SOI (RF Silicon on Insulator), MCMs (Multi-Chip Modules), Intelligent Integration, the Ron Coff figure of merit, MPAC (monolithic phase and amplitude controller), and other topics. The winner, which will be announced at IMS 2016, gets awarded $500. Attendees at the IMS show can submit their information at the Peregrine booth (#2129) for another entry into the $500 giveaway.

PMI New Product Releases
for April 2016

Planar Monolithics Industries New Product Releases for April 2016 - RF CafePMI Model No. PEC-53-12-10-15-SFF is a 1.0 to 2.0 GHz LNA. This amplifier has a minimum gain of 53 dB with ±0.75 dB flatness, OP1dB of +16 dBm minimum and a noise figure of 0.7 dB typical. PMI Model No. P4T-100M50G-100-T-RD is an absorptive, SP4T PIN diode switch operating over 0.1 to 50.0 GHz, with low insertion loss, high isolation, and a TTL compatible. Specifications include insertion loss of 5 dB @18 GHz and 14 dB @ 50 GHz, Isolation of 80 dB @50 GHz, switching speed of 50 ns max, input power 20 dBm CW ...

Tesla Coil Remotely Induces
Nanotubes to Self Assemble

Tesla Coil Remotely Induces Nanotubes to Self Assemble - RF Cafe"Nikola Tesla conjured up all sorts of interesting experiments for his famed 'Tesla Coils.' Today, however, their main use has been relegated largely to impressing visitors at science museums. That is about to change. Researchers at Rice University have used Tesla coils to get carbon nanotubes to self-assemble into long chains, a phenomenon the scientists have dubbed 'Teslaphoresis.' Controlled assembly of nanomaterials from the bottom up could be useful in applications including regenerative medicine where the nanotubes would act as nerves as well as fabricating electronic circuits without touching ..."

Strays, April 1946 QST - RF CafeAt first I thought maybe this was intended to be an April Fools joke, being that it appeared in an April issue of QST, but it is probably just a coincidence. One of the two topics refers to a 'door knob for UHF,' which in reality was a glass-encased vacuum tube that was shaped a lot like one of the old glass door knobs. The author penned a humorous take-off. On second thought, maybe this is a Fool's edition now that I have read the second item. All kidding aside, "Strays" concludes with a poem dedicated to those who became 'Silent Keys' as a result of World War II ...

Ultrathin Organic Material
Enhances E-Skin Display

Ultrathin Organic Material Enhances E-Skin Display - RF Cafe"University of Tokyo researchers have developed an ultrathin, ultraflexible, protective layer and demonstrated its use by creating an air-stable, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. This technology will enable creation of electronic skin (e-skin) displays of blood oxygen level, e-skin heart rate sensors for athletes and many other applications. Integrating electronic devices with the human body to enhance or restore body function for biomedical applications is the goal of researchers around the world. In particular, wearable electronics need to be thin and flexible to minimize impact where they attach to the body ..."

Peregrine Expands MPAC–Doherty
GaN Power Amplifier Line

Peregrine Semiconductor Expands MPAC–Doherty Product Family to Support GaN Power Amplifier Frequencies - RF CafePeregrine Semiconductor, founder of RF SOI (silicon on insulator) and pioneer of advanced RF solutions, introduces two UltraCMOS® MPAC–Doherty products—the PE46130 and PE46140. These monolithic phase and amplitude controllers (MPAC) join the PE46120 in offering maximum phase-tuning flexibility for Doherty PA optimization. Designed for the LTE and LTE-A wireless-infrastructure transceiver market, the MPAC–Doherty product family now extends from 1.8 to 3.8 GHz with three separate, pin-compatible parts. "Phase and amplitude control is critical to the future of communications, where everything from LTE and 5G to radar will rely on the efficient exchange of data ...

The Problem with the Pentagon's
Hypersonic Missile

The Problem with the Pentagon's Hypersonic Missile - RF cafe"The U.S. military is pouring money into hypersonic research, and it’s making China and Russia - which have their own similar programs - nervous. But the accelerating effort to build missiles that fly at speeds between Mach 5 to Mach 19 is also alarming some in the nonproliferation community. Despite Pentagon officials' assurances that superfast weapons will carry only conventional warheads, some believe that other nations may well treat any hypersonic launch as a potential nuclear strike ..."

RF Cafe Quiz #66: Spectrum and
Network Measurements

RF Cafe Quiz #66: Spectrum and Network MeasurementsThis quiz is based on the information presented in Spectrum and Network Measurements, 2nd Edition, by Robert A. Witte. "This comprehensive treatment of frequency domain measurements successfully consolidates all the pertinent theory into one text. It covers the theory and practice of spectrum and network measurements in electronic systems. It also provides thorough coverage of Fourier analysis, transmission lines, intermodulation distortion, signal-to-noise ratio and S-parameters."

GPS 2.0: Aerospace Corporation
Launches Second Draft of GPS

GPS 2.0: Aerospace Corporation Launches Second Draft of GPS - RF Cafe"The Aerospace Corp. the people who brought you the concept for GPS, are launching GPS 2.0. It all began when two Aerospace Corps scientists J.R. Woodford Woodward and H. Nakamura penned a little-known briefing In 1966, 'Navigation Satellite Study,' that paved the way. Tomorrow, the Aerospace Corp. will issue a new study it hopes will pave the way for the next wave of GPS, one much more resilient, much more resistant to jamming and tampering but boasting accuracy that is at least as good as the current satellite-dependent system ..."

Stingray Tracking Devices:
Who's Got Them?

Stingray Tracking Devices: Who's Got Them? - RF Cafe"The map below tracks what we know, based on press reports and publicly available documents, about the use of stingray tracking devices by state and local police departments. Following the map is a list of the federal agencies known to have the technology. The ACLU has identified 61 agencies in 23 states and the District of Columbia that own stingrays, but because many agencies continue to shroud their purchase and use of stingrays in secrecy, this map dramatically underrepresents the actual use of stingrays by law enforcement agencies nationwide. Stingrays, also known as 'cell site simulators' or 'IMSI catchers,' are invasive cell phone surveillance devices that mimic cell phone towers ..."

KR Electronics Intros 1550 MHz
Bandpass Filter

KR Electronics Intros 1550 MHz Bandpass Filter - RF CafeKR Electronics has introduced a new 1550 MHz bandpass filter design, part number 3260-1550. The filter has a minimum 1.5 dB bandwidth of 500 MHz, with stopband rejection maintained to 9 GHz. Typical insertion loss is <1 dB. The filter is supplied in a small surface mount package measuring 0.88" x 0.38" x 0.235". Other frequencies and bandwidths are available. Please visit KR Electronics today to see whether their products can be of use to you.

Notable Tech Quote:
Justin Trudeau, Canadian PM

Justin Trudeau Quantum Computing - RF Cafe Notable Quote"Don't get me going on this, or we'll be here all day, trust me." - Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, after responding to a snarky comment by a reporter who asked, "I was going to ask you to explain quantum computing, but - when do you expect Canada's ISIL mission to begin again, and are we not doing anything in the interim?" Trudeau slapped him down by answering, "Very simply, normal computers work by either there's power going through a wire, or not. It's 1, or a 0, they're binary systems. What quantum states allow for is much more complex information to be encoded into a single bit." He then talks about matter being both particles and waves at the same time, etc. This, from a politician? Whoa.

Reconfigured Tesla Coil Aligns,
Electrifies Materials from Distance

Reconfigured Tesla Coil Aligns, Electrifies Materials from Distance - RF Cafe"Scientists at Rice University have discovered that the strong force field emitted by a Tesla coil causes carbon nanotubes to self-assemble into long wires, a phenomenon they call 'Teslaphoresis..' The team led by Rice chemist Paul Cherukuri reported its results this week in ACS Nano. Cherukuri sees this research as setting a clear path toward scalable assembly of nanotubes from the bottom up. The system works by remotely oscillating positive and negative charges in each nanotube, causing them to chain together into long wires. Cherukuri's specially designed ..."

Folded and Loaded Antennas

Folded and Loaded Antennas, April 1953 QST - RF CafeHere is a fairly major treatise on folded and loaded antennas that appeared in a 1953 issue of QST magazine, with "Suggestions for Mobile and Restricted-Space Radiators." It is not for the faint of heart or anyone with mathphobia. Integral calculus is part of the presentation, although an understanding of calculus is not required to get the gist of the article. Equations for calculating the antenna configuration radiation resistances are given for the 3λ/4-wave folded dipole, the λ/8-wave folded monopole, the bottom-, center- and top-loaded λ/8-wave monopole, the bottom-loaded λ/16-wave monopole, and the λ/4-wave monopole folded twice, to name ...

Facebook's Aquila Drone
Creates a Laser-Net in the Sky

Facebook's Aquila Drone Creates a Laser-Net in the Sky - RF Cafe"Facebook's goal of networking the world means extending communications to everyone on the planet. Facebook has started to test new approaches to ground-based systems. And it's continuing to work on its futuristic drone-based communications system, Aquila. At the company's F8 developer conference held in San Francisco today, Facebook vice president of engineering Jay Parikh talked a little more about Aquila's development, and how it would use laser links to bring the internet to rural areas in developing countries.  According to Parikh, Facebook's UAV platform looks like a giant boomerang. 'We need to fly ..."

Cobham Intros First in a Range
of High Power Spiral Antennas

Cobham Intros First in a Range of High Power Spiral Antennas - RF CafeCobham Antenna Systems is pleased to announce the FPA-0.7-2.7R/2319,, which is the first in a new range of high power, directional spiral antennas. The FPA-0.7-2.7R/2319 offers high power, high gain and circular polarisation within a compact, low profile, rugged housing. It is suitable for multi-band communications as well as cellular countermeasure and security applications. The low profile housing means that this antenna can be used to replace much larger and more expensive, Log-Periodic, Horn or Conical spiral antennas and also be used in situations where height/profile is critical ...

Embroidery Makes Wearable Antennas

Embroidery Makes Wearable Antennas - RF Cafe""'A revolution is happening in the textile industry,' said engineer Professor John Volakis. 'We believe that functional textiles are an enabling technology for communications and sensing, and even medical applications like imaging and health monitoring.' While looking into using fabric techniques to make brain implants with scientist Asimina Kiourti, he and she decided to apply their ideas to create wearables antennas. 'We asked, how can we functionalise embroidered shapes? How do we make them transmit signals at useful frequencies?' said Volakis ..."

Low Pressure Modulation

Low-Pressure Modulation Facts, July 1953 QST - RF CafeAuthor Howard Wright takes the opportunity here to distill the concept of modulation down to its basic operation while dispensing with the garbled mix of "graphs, formulas, charts, vectors, diagrams, and Greek letters which often enter into various discussions of modulation". Wright describes how to the uninitiated radio dial spinner, the culmination of events occuring behind the scenes in an AM reception is akin to knowing "that, to be reproduced, the picture [in a magazine] was broken down into its primary colors, if all we had to go by was the original print and the magazine?" That is a very apt comparison ...

Remembering the Technology Glitches
and Failures of Tax Years Past

Remembering the Technology Glitches and Failures of Tax Years Past - RF Cafe""Because we're nearing the end of tax season here in the United States, I decided to examine the often volatile combination of tax policy and IT systems. Tax-related problems are some of the most painful IT failures, because they tend to hit citizens right where it hurts most: their bank accounts. Below you'll find some of the most noteworthy operational glitches of the past decade, but as with previous timelines, the incidents listed here are merely the tip of the iceberg, and should be veiwed as being representative of tax-related IT problems rather than comprehensive. It doesn't even include incidents of tech-assisted fraud, data breaches, or failed modernization projects ..."

Triad RF Systems withwave microwave devices - RF Cafe
Windfreak Technologies Axiom Test Equipment - RF Cafe
About RF Cafe
Kirt Blattenberger - RF Cafe Webmaster
Copyright: 1996 - 2024
    Kirt Blattenberger,

RF Cafe began life in 1996 as "RF Tools" in an AOL screen name web space totaling 2 MB. Its primary purpose was to provide me with ready access to commonly needed formulas and reference material while performing my work as an RF system and circuit design engineer. The World Wide Web (Internet) was largely an unknown entity at the time and bandwidth was a scarce commodity. Dial-up modems blazed along at 14.4 kbps while typing up your telephone line, and a nice lady's voice announced "You've Got Mail" when a new message arrived...

All trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other rights of ownership to images and text used on the RF Cafe website are hereby acknowledged.

My Hobby Website:  AirplanesAndRockets.com

Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my  ridiculously low−priced products, all of which I created.

These Are Available for Free


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Situated on the banks of the Breede River and on the farm Eureka, campers will find River Goose Camp Site. It is ideal for those just wanting to relax and enjoy nature while still exploring the towns of the Breede River.

Guests have a choice of 20 campsites and all of them are on grass. Most have shade and are wheelchair accessible. All the sites share an ablution block with flush toilets, showers and hot water. Wood and braai facilities are available. No electricity at campsite. Situated on the banks of the river, campers can enjoy fishing, swimming and canoeing or some birdwatching.

Those looking for a bit more to do can visit the Marloth Nature Reserve near the small town of Swellendam, visit Soekershof in Robertson which has 10 hectares of mazes made out of plants, and the Roberston Golf Course has an 18-hole course surrounded by mountains.

Breede River Goose Camp Site and Boat Cruises

Contact: Kelvin @ 082 759 5727 / email:


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Skip to main content

Restart a Heart Day

Every year, 16 October is Restart a Heart Day- a day that raises the public's awareness of the importance of hands-only CPR.

In South Australia, sudden cardiac arrest affects more than 1,800 people each year.

Do you know what to do?

Do you know what to do if you see someone having a cardiac arrest?  It is easier than you think.  You can restart a heart in just three steps:

1. Call Triple Zero (000). We will stay on the phone with you and talk you through the steps.

2. Push.

  • Place both hands in the centre of the chest.
  • Compress the chest.  Keep the song "Stayin Alive" in your head- this is the perfect beat.
  • Push hard, you can't do any harm.

3. Shock.  If you can access an AED, switch it on and follow instructions.

By knowing CPR, you can increase the chances of survival.

Creative Commons License

The content on this page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence, unless indicated otherwise.
To attribute this material, cite SA Ambulance Service, 2020.


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Tag Archives: #louisvuitton

June Favourites video ;) Products mentioned - Alpha H Liquid Gold here - Vaseline Spray & Go Cacao Body Lotion here - Murad Essential.C day Moisture SPF 30 here - HR Prodigy Liquid Light Eye Opener here - Chanel Nail Polish in Rubi Rouge here - MAC Cream Blush here - Lancome Hypnose Doll Eye Mascara here - Korres Lip

Weekend stripes…

  Dog: Danza (@My parents in Law's) Little Jacket: Mango Dress: Uniqlo Shoes: Nine West Clutch: LV Sara Wallet  Watch: Michael Kors Earrings: I am  Necklace: From Shanghai Market Photographer: Estelle De Wolff

Warm beach day

Photographer: EstelleDeWolff  Jumsuit: Store in Bali Necklace & Bracelet: Evil eye from Turkey Sandals: Nine West Clutch: LV Sara Wallet

Weekend Anniversary in Luxembourg

For our 4 year anniversary, my hubby and I went for a short romantic weekend to a country that is so nearby and Michel has passed by several times by it from the highway but never went there either.  It is small, quiet, clean, beautiful, peaceful, has amazing patisserie and delicious chocolate, and apparently the cheapest cigarets but not really

When in Paris wear ballerinas & eat patisserie ;)

Well better say that is what I did while I was in Paris, this past long weekend I was over there. I absolutely love Paris but as much as I would like to be with high heels all day, it is much better for yourself and the ones with you to dress nice but with comfy shoes to explore the beautiful city better.  So here goes my outfits, I won't give you

Zara light blue…

Yesterday, I spend the afternoon walking, shopping, then lastly eating a nice piece of cake in Antwerpen. From Zara, I bought a beautiful new light blue skirt, faux leather. Jacket & white top: H&M (old)  Pumps bought online last season: Nine West  Skirt right now in stores: Zara, Bag LV speedy: Louis Vuitton (old) Necklace bought

Rijks Museum & RTL Live Show

For our anniversary, my hubby surprised me with a date in Amsterdam. The very first city I ever visited of the Netherlands and which I love. I wouldn't want to live here but I love to occasionally visit, sit at terrace, walk, shop, eat..etc. First stop was Rijks Museum after checking in, in one of the oldest hotels in Amsterdam I am told American


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How To Begin A Business Presentation

How To Begin A Business Presentation

how to start a business
Individuals who want to start a garden care business usually ask the question – Can I make $100,000 revenue per yr? Electronic mail advertising is sweet for what you are promoting. Should you do not mind doing different folks’s chores, then TaskRabbit Â will be the right side enterprise idea for you. Paying for advertisements is often a value of doing business, especially online, however there’s advertising and marketing software that can assist streamline the method and profit from your advertising budget—regardless of how much you must spend.

There are a tonÂ of traditional holidays that depend as solid reasons to explore the side business thought ofÂ crafting and promoting seasonal decorations In any case, folks and companies pay good money for them. You possibly can purchase one other business, begin concentrating on a new market, increase your offerings and more.

Now, make a list of all the one-time expenses you’ll have to be able to start this business. Starting your online business while working a full-time job will undoubtedly be difficult, but it’s doable. You could possibly lose a variety of business if potential prospects do not cease because they fear getting struck by other traffic.

Simply set it up and begin marketing your providers. You’ll find a digital assistant for ongoing, routine duties, or work with an skilled for extra involved tasks, like creating your website or your advertising plan. They’re widely used in the real estate market and many other companies.

Learn How To Begin A Debt Collection Enterprise

how to start a business

How To Start Your Personal Business

Now that you’ve got a good idea of who your customers are and what they want, you can simply create your personal data merchandise in writing (e-books), audio or video.
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How To Start A Garden Care Enterprise

When beginning a business determine if you can begin it from your home or especially storage, additional bed room or dorm room, it actually doesn’t matter the place the point is that you could maintain your start up cost as low as doable. What steps to take and an outline to beginning your own enterprise. I provide business planning companies for many new small businesses. You don’t need a miracle, however you might want to follow certain steps to successfully begin a enterprise with no money.

Should you play your playing cards right, you can quit your dayÂ job and grow your side business idea into an empowering self-employed profession. The IRS does not like seeing a loss on your tax returns for more than 2 or 3 years so just attempt to begin creating wealth eventually and you may hopefully be okay.

How To Begin A Computer Help Enterprise

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It is advisable to know the best way to begin a enterprise with $one thousand to develop into an entrepreneur and give up that salaried job you’re doing right now on your personal enterprise to break poverty jinx. Evaluate Starting Your Enterprise in Ohio for steering on getting your business started in Ohio. You gained’tÂ rake in a whopping $50,000 as this man does by simply doing this in your free time as a facet enterprise thought only, but you may absolutely get a chunk of the action.

Nice post i think this is a IT year and principally folks used to work promote their business via net-site by advertising and marketing their enterprise. From there, hold your focus onÂ serving to people get actual results, constructing case research to assist this aspect enterprise idea, and eventually charging for the outcomes you are delivering shoppers.
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A window blind retail business may be set up at a comparatively low cost. If you’re beginning out, you do not wish to construct a mastermind group of business veterans. Go to the Veteran Entrepreneur Portal (VEP) This Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) useful resource assists companies in accessing federal services and connecting to related best practices” and knowledge.

Comments are closed.


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Wednesday, August 7, 2019

Little backstory - I've known Mackenzie since we were little homeschooled teenagers, connected through the only way I connected with anyone at that point in life, through Flickr. Scandalous (hah) online friendships have marked my life in deep ways and I'm super thankful for those years that connected me to some of my now closest people+inspired me to grow as a photographer.

From Flickr friends to friends in real life to taking her senior pictures and cross country roadtrips together and pie on the beach and then one fateful weekend in Chicago when all I heard about was this kid, Josiah. Spoiler alert, they got together. And Mackenzie got married on her front porch+made her own bouquet+had a picnic of a day like she'd always dreamed. Life is good, and weird, and funny, and unpredictable, and I love it.

Here's a very happy story.

Except for when I tried to walk through a glass door, but that's another story for another day.

Floral arch - Sugarfield Flowers
Second photographer/pie carrier/my girl Friday - Essie


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The Scamdex Scam Email Archive

Subject:  Good Day
From:  Herman Reid <>
Date:  Mon, 04 Sep 2017 15:40:33 -0400
Date Added:  2018-08-16 17:35:13

This Email with the Subject "Good Day" was received in one of Scamdex's honeypot email accounts on Mon, 04 Sep 2017 15:40:33 -0400 and has been classified as a Advance Fee Fraud/419 Scam Email. The sender shows as Herman Reid <>, although that address was probably spoofed. We recommend that you do not attempt to contact any persons or organizations referenced in this email, or follow any URLs as you may expose yourself to scammers and, at the very least, you will be added to their email address lists for spam purposes.


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Flying with us

We thank our partners!

Without their support our work wouldn’t be possible!

We would like to thank for substantive support in our projects:

We thank also:

Check what others say about us!

The Scorpio team is just out of this world! Scorpio is super smart, super cute and super fun! I’m sure that this sort of tremendous talent, grand passion and tons of positive energy will win them many international contests and competitions.

Dr Bart Tkaczyk

MBA, Fulbright Scholar (University of California, Berkeley), Chief Executive & Head of Learning and Capability (Energizers), Mentor

The Scorpio team is a group of young, talented and ambitious people. They implement further, more and more bold and advanced student projects in both space engineering and interplanetary mission planning. They compete with success in international competitions. I am convinced that in the near future they will set the direction for the development of the space sector in Poland and in the world.

Robert Lubański

President of Mars Society Poland

We have been cooperating with the SCORPIO team for over six years. Throughout this period we have been noticing their incredible commitment, determination and passion in creating more and more advanced projects, which is confirmed by international successes. We are happy that we can support such creative, talented, and at the same time well-organized young people who actively participate in a growing Polish space industry.

WObit Company

Our company has been cooperating with the SCORPIO team for many years by providing components for their amazing designs. It is a group of young, talented and very ambitious people and they achieve higher and higher goals every year. Their achievements in the international competitions such as URC fully confirm their talent. We are happy we can support their development and help them realize bold ideas.

IGUS Company

Student Association Off-Road has become one of the best, most titled and fastest-growing Student Associations of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology. Through their commitment and passion, they successfully implement the most technologically advanced, innovative and at the same time spectacular projects. They can  set an example for other student association both within the Wrocław University of Technology and beyond.

Michał Bocian

head of WUST’s Students’ Affairs Department

Would you like to help our project? We are open to various forms of cooperation.

Company promotion at our university:

- organization of events promoting the company (stands, lectures)
- ambassador program
- promotion on social media channels
- mediation between students and the company

Beyond university:

- participation in company events
- reports and materials for companies
- participation in fairs and conferences
- lectures, exhibitions

- spreading information about companies during events in which we participate - promotion in the media (nationwide and industry-specific)
- logo on the rover, roll-up or team shirts

Promotional Videos: