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Diagnosing Lymphedema by Physical Examination

Important Questions to Ask Your Patient Out thier Family History

Understand the patients personal medical history

CONNIE M. SARVIS, RN, BN, MN, CON(C) CONNIE SARVIS is a wound consultant at Seven Oaks General Hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. KEY WORDS: lymphedema, lymphangitis, deep vein thrombosis, filariasis, lymphoscintigraphy, Kaposi-Stemmer's sign, decongestive lymphedema therapy, manual lymph drainage

Nursing Drexel

This disfiguring and sometimes painful condition affects many cancer patients, and may appear months after surgery or other damage to the lymph system. Prevention and patient education are especially important for patients at risk.

Lymphedema is a condition that reflects a disheartening reality for many cancer patients—and other patients, as well. Symptoms include swelling of limbs up to twice the normal size, skin that indents and stays that way when pressed (pitting), and thickening, hardening and darkening of the skin (brawniness).1

The high protein content of the lymph that causes the swelling is an ideal environment for dermatitis. The swelling and infection can become disabling and disfiguring, causing significant physical and psychosocial impairment.

It's hard to pinpoint the precise incidence of lymphedema because of variations in its definition and measurement.1 One recent review reported that lymphedema of the arm occurs in 26% of patients undergoing breast cancer therapy.2 This is not surprising, given that the lymphatic system is the primary route for metastasis.

Lymphedema, though, is not limited to breast cancer. Individuals treated for melanomas or cancer of the ovaries, testicles, vulva, or bladder can all develop lymphedema.3 Lymphedema can also occur because of venous disease, immobility, infections, and other trauma, including an increasing number of joint replacement and venous harvesting procedures.3 As a nurse, your skill in managing lymphedema can do much to preserve the quality of life for these patients.

Why a critical system breaks down

Normally, the lymphatic system collects excess fluid and protein from body tissues and moves them back into the bloodstream at the rate of about three liters per day.4 Lymph is propelled—moving against gravity—through the lymphatic vessels by breathing movements and skeletal muscle contractions that create a pressure gradient. A series of valves keep lymph flowing in one direction.

When the lymphatic system suffers some type of trauma, this ability to remove excess fluid is compromised; lymph accumulates in interstitial spaces, most commonly in subcutaneous fatty tissue, and thus causes swelling in the arms and legs, and, less frequently, in the trunk or genitals.5 Stagnant, protein-rich lymph causes tissue channels to increase in size and number, which reduces oxygen availability, interferes with wound healing, and creates an optimum environment for bacterial infection (lymphangitis).

Lymphedema may be either primary or secondary. Primary (congenital) lymphedema is a rare, inherited condition in which the lymph nodes are either absent or abnormal.

Secondary lymphedema results from damage to the lymphatic system—typically from surgical removal of lymph nodes (which is often necessary in cancer patients) or blockages in the lymphatic system caused by infection, cancer that has traveled to the lymph nodes, or scar tissue (e.g., from radiation therapy, an injury, or surgery to remove a tumor).1 Lymphedema may also be a side effect of the breast cancer drug tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex), because it can cause blood clots and subsequent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that advances to lymphedema.5

In some third world countries, the most common cause of lymphedema is filariasis, a disease caused by the parasitic worms Wucheria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, which is transmitted by mosquitoes.6,7

Lymphedema: Transient or chronic

Secondary lymphedema may be transient or chronic.1 Transient lymphedema lasts less than six months. The skin indents when pressed and stays indented without brawniness.8 Factors that predispose patients to transient lymphedema include surgical drains that leak protein into the surgical site; inflammation following injury, radiation, or infection that leads to increased capillary permeability; limb immobility that results in decreased compression of the lymphatic system by the musculature; temporary loss of lymph vessel function due to surgery; and blockage in a vein from a clot or inflammation.1

Chronic lymphedema is difficult to reverse. It occurs as the result of tumor recurrence or migration into the lymph nodes, infection or injury to lymph vessels, long periods of immobility, or radiation therapy or surgery that damages the lymph system. Radiation therapy can damage otherwise healthy lymph nodes and vessels, which causes scar tissue to form, blocking the normal flow of lymph throughout the lymphatic system. Chronic lymphedema may also occur after previously unsuccessful management of early lymphedema or when a vein is blocked by a blood clot.

Zoom in on these points in your history-taking

Because specific criteria for diagnosing lymphedema do not yet exist, a thorough medical history and physical exam are essential for a differential diagnosis.1

Age of onset will differentiate primary from secondary lymphedema because early onset is more likely to be due to an alteration in the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor.3,7 For a definitive diagnosis of primary lymphedema, the causes of secondary lymphedema must first be ruled out.

Since secondary lymphedema tends to result from a causative event such as surgery or radiation therapy, you'll need to ask detailed questions about any past surgeries and postoperative complications, especially whether the surgery was for cancer and whether any lymph nodes were removed. Rapid onset of lymphedema may indicate tumor infiltration or a blockage of a major lymphatic pathway. The history should also document any restrictions on mobility, such as wheelchair use; trauma (especially to the legs, abdomen, or genital region); and residence in or visits to third world countries (due to risk of filariasis).

Ask patients whether they have chronic venous insufficiency, thyroid dysfunction, arthritis, or hypertension, because each of these conditions can cause venous edema. It's important to distinguish lymphedema from edema associated with venous insufficiency.5

Lymphoscintigraphy is a test that can help with that distinction. In this procedure, a small amount of radioactive protein dye is injected into the web space between the first and second digits of the affected limb; the limb is then photographed with a gamma camera to observe the dye as it moves through the lymphatic system.9 Images showing dye outside the lymphatic structures suggest edema of lymphatic origin.

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to diagnose lymphedema.9 However, these forms of imaging, as well as lymphoscintigraphy, can be costly.

Physical findings that suggest lymphedema

In your physical assessment, examine the skin of the affected limb(s). Dryness, increased thickness, hyperkeratosis (scaling), lymphangiomas (blisters containing lymph fluid), abnormally warm or hot temperature, unusually dark skin, and the presence of any nodules are all indicators of lymphedema.3

Papillomatosis—a cobblestone appearance of the skin—may also be present; it results from dilated and distended lymph vessels that are enveloped in fibrotic tissue.9 Look, too, for Kaposi-Stemmer's sign—the inability to pinch a fold of skin at the base of the second toe because the skin is so thickened—which points to a diagnosis of lymphedema.9

Make sure to note any wounds on the skin. Patients with lymphedema may have lymphorrhea, the weeping of lymph fluid, which may be copious enough to actually run or trickle down the leg. This symptom predisposes patients to cellulitis.

Lymphedema can cause sensations of limb heaviness and skin tightness, heat or burning, or “pins and needles.” Some patients experience moderate to severe pain due to nerve compression from surrounding edematous tissue.10 Nerve compression may also decrease response to stimulation and predispose patients to injury and infections.

Your physical assessment needs to include details on the degree of swelling, and the shape and size of the limb(s) affected; the patient's height and weight (and body mass index, if available); the functionality of the limb; and arterial competency.

If the lymphedema is unilateral, quantifying the extent of swelling by comparing the size of an affected limb to a healthy one can be useful for qualifying the severity of the disease. Be aware, though, that normal anatomic variations can complicate things, and that comparison won't be possible if both limbs are affected.

If the affected limb is <20% larger than the unaffected limb, the disease is considered to be mild to moderate. Moderate to severe lymphedema is defined as an affected limb that's >20% larger than the unaffected one.11

Mechanical techniques are the core therapy

For patients with moderate to severe lymphedema, decongestive lymphedema therapy (DLT)11 is the standard treatment. Its purpose is to help mobilize lymph and dissipate fibrosclerotic tissue. In the initial treatment phase, DLT consists of manual lymph drainage (MLD), compression, scrupulous skin hygiene to prevent infection, and exercise.12-14 This is usually followed by a maintenance program consisting of compression, skin care, and exercise. If lymphedema is mild to moderate, DLT may be bypassed in favor of maintenance therapy.

Note that although elevation is a core treatment for edema of venous origin, it doesn't appear to be as effective for treating lymphedema.15 However, elevation may be useful as an adjunct to the components of DLT, described below. Drug therapy and surgery are also discussed, but have limited use.16

• Manual lymph drainage is a light-pressure massage therapy designed to stimulate lymph flow by encouraging the opening and closing of the valves in lymph capillaries and vessels. The direction of massage is against gravity, from the distal to the proximal part of the limb. During the massage—a session generally lasts 30 – 60 minutes—the patient usually wears a light compression garment or stocking to maintain pressure on tissue and prevent the flow of lymph back into interstitial spaces.16

Ideally, this therapy should be administered by a certified lymphedema therapist. MLD should be avoided in patients with certain conditions, such as patients who have experienced cardiovascular failure or in whom DVT is suspected, because it will force more fluid toward the heart and may dislodge blood clots.16 MLD, however, doesn't pose a risk in patients with arterial compromise (e.g., no pulse in legs, poor circulation, diabetes, etc.).

• Compression serves the dual purpose of optimizing the action of the muscles as lymph pumps and preventing further swelling. Regardless of whether patients are receiving initial treatment phase DLT or maintenance therapy, arterial competence needs to be assessed with a Doppler ultrasound prior to using compression.

Before deciding to compress the affected limb, several other factors need to be considered, as well. Compression can exacerbate poor skin condition, DVT, heart conditions, inflammation, and cellulitis; it may also increase the risk of infection.16 At the same time, the lymphedema itself creates a breeding ground for infection—which is a compelling reason to use compression.

Studies have demonstrated that multilayer systems reduce lymphedema more effectively than single-layer compression garments when used for the initial phase of treatment.17 Multilayered compression systems consist of three or four layers of bandaging and are used in the first two to three weeks of the initial phase of treatment.3 Multilayer bandage systems can be left on for seven days at a time before changing or are changed two to three times a week if wound care is required.18

Pneumatic compression pumps consist of a simple, multichamber sleeve that fits over the affected limb. The chambers alternately inflate and deflate according to a timed cycle, causing a peristaltic motion on the swollen tissue. Their use to control lymphedema, however, is controversial.15

Compression garments—such as stockings, sleeves, and gloves—should only be used in maintenance therapy.3 They are available off the shelf in small, medium, and large sizes, or they can be custom-made for the patient. Garments are rated to deliver 30 – 60 mm Hg of pressure.19 Patients wear the garments for most of the day and remove them at night to inspect, clean, and moisturize the skin. Check to see if your patient has an allergy to garment components, such as latex.

• Fastidious skin care is a critical component of lymphedema treatment. The high protein content of lymph fluid predisposes patients to infections in the lymphedematous limb.20 A daily routine should be established in which the affected limb is inspected for wounds, cleaned, and moisturized. The routine may be altered to every two or three days, or weekly in patients who could benefit from continuous multilayer compression and whose skin is in relatively good condition. Careful inspection is especially important if there is a sensory neuropathy present.

After cleansing the skin with a mild hypoallergenic soap and water, the patient should apply an emollient, preferably in the evening, for rehydration overnight. Lotions containing lanolin or fragrances should be avoided because they can cause sensitization with a resulting dermatitis. In addition, avoid petrolatum-based lotions, since they may damage compression garments. The toes and feet should also be inspected regularly for fungal infection, which is very common in patients who have lymphedema.

• Exercise can help promote lymph flow and increase protein reabsorption as a result of muscle contraction.9,21 The exercise, however, should be gentle and suited to the individual's abilities and fitness level. Vigorous sports are not recommended due to the possibility of trauma.17

• Drug therapy—other than antibiotics to treat infections caused by lymphedema—has not been very useful in treating lymphedema directly. Diuretics help to purge vascular fluid, but they're ineffective in clearing out excess protein and could cause connective tissue fibrosis.22 Therefore, diuretics shouldn't be used unless there is evidence of excessive venous fluid.22

Until the lymphedema can be resolved, pain can be managed with non-opioid analgesics, relaxation techniques, mild to strong opioid analgesics, adjuvant medications—e.g., amitriptyline HCl (Elavil, Endep, others), or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.1

• Surgery is reserved for grossly edematous limbs to de-bulk some of the tissue. The results have been varied, however, and conservative treatment is still required to manage the remaining lymphedema.22 Furthermore, surgical interventions on any lymphedematous limb can present severe and chronic wound healing problems.

Patient education and support are crucial

In lymphedema, two additional dimensions of nursing care should not be overlooked: patient education and psychosocial health. Patient education is critical both for the prevention and management of lymphedema—especially for cancer patients.23

Clinicians need to educate patients about the risk of developing lymphedema after surgery or radiation therapy, how to recognize lymphedema symptoms early, and how to manage the condition. You will need to advise patients, for instance, to wear loose-fitting clothing, not to cross their legs while sitting, and to avoid sitting in one position for more than 30 minutes.

It's also extremely important to assess the psychosocial effects of lymphedema. The condition can cause major disfigurement and disability—an obstacle that cancer patients or survivors are often ill-equipped to overcome.

Patients who experience pain from the condition report higher levels of body image disturbance and decreased sexual drive.24 The added burden of laborious, time-consuming treatments for lymphedema can further assail the patient's already fragile psyche. Psychosocial issues may be addressed by group or individual counseling, along with practical information on diet and exercise, and advice for picking comfortable and flattering clothes.

Your efforts to care for patients who have—or are at risk for—lymphedema can do much good. That's true not only when it comes to patients' physical recovery, but when it comes to their psychological well-being, as well.

1. National Cancer Institute. “Lymphedema.” 2002.

2. Erickson, V. S., Pearson, M. L., et al. (2001). Arm edema in breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst, 93(2), 96.

3. Burt, J., & White, G. (1999) Lymphedema. Alameda, CA: Hunter House Publishers.

4. Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (2003). Anatomy and physiology (5th ed). St. Louis: Mosby.

5. National Lymphedema Network. “Lymphedema: A brief overview.” (21 Apr. 2003).

6. Wilson, W., & Sande, M. A. (2001) Current diagnosis and treatment in infectious diseases. New York: McGraw-Hill.

7. Board, J., & Harlow, W. (2002). Lymphedema: Classification, signs, symptoms and diagnoses. Br J Nurs, 11(6), 391.

8. Brennan, M. J. (1992). Lymphedema following surgical treatment of breast cancer: A review of pathophysiology and treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage, 7(2), 110.

9. Mortimer, P. S. (2000). Swollen lower limb—2: Lymphedema. BMJ, 320(7248) 1527.

10. Getz, D. H. (1985). The primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing interventions of lymphedema. Cancer Nurs, 8(3), 177.

11. Lund, E. (2000). Exploring the use of CircAid legging in the management of lymphoedema. Int J Palliative Nurs, 6(8), 384.

12. Casley-Smith, J. R., Casley-Smith, J. R. (1992). Modern treatment of lymphoedema. I. Complex physical therapy: The first 200 Australian limbs. Australas J Dermatol, 33(2), 61.

13. Boris, M., Weindorf, S., & Lasinkski, S. (1997). Persistence of lymphedema reduction after noninvasive complex lymphedema therapy. Oncology, 11(1), 113.

14. Daane, S, Poltoratszy, P., & Rockwell, W. B. (1998). Postmastectomy lymphedema management: Evolution of the complex decongestive therapy technique. Ann Plast Surg, 40(2), 128.

15. Brennan, M. J., & Miller, L. T. (1998). Overview of treatment options and review of the current role and use of compression garments, intermittent pumps and exercise in the management of lymphedema. Cancer, 83(12), 2822.

16. Board, J., & Harlow, W. (2002). Lymphoedema 3: The available treatments for lymphoedema. Br J Nurs, 11(7), 447.

17. Badger, C. M., Peacock, J. L., & Mortimer, P. S. (2000). A randomized, controlled parallel-group clinical trial comparing multilayer bandaging followed by hosiery vs hosiery alone in the treatment of patients with lymphedema of the limb. Cancer, 88(12), 2835.

18. Kloth, L. C., & McCulloch, J. M. (Eds.). (2001). Wound healing: Alternatives in management. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

19. Jeffs, E. (1998). Management of chronic edema. J Wound Care, 7(9), 3.

20. Cotton, C. (2003). Lymphedema: Assessment and management options. Rehab and Community Care, 12(1), 24.

21. Cohen, S. R., Payne, D. K., & Tunkel, R. S. (2001). Lymphedema: Strategies for management. Cancer, 92(4), 983.

22. Moseley, A., & Piller, N. (2002). The assessment and care of the patient with secondary limb lymphoedema. Aust Nurs J, 10(Suppl. 2), 1.

23. Passik, S. D., & MacDonald, M. V. (1998). Psychosocial aspects of upper extremity lymphedema in women treated for breast carcinoma. Cancer, 83(12), 2818.

24. Newman, M. L., Brennan, M., & Passik, S. (1996). J Pain Symptom Manage, 12(6), 376.

External Links

Lymphedema People Related Medical Conditions Blogs and Websites

LYMPHEDEMA PEOPLE Online Support Groups

Join us as we work for lymphedema patients everywehere:

Advocates for Lymphedema

Dedicated to be an advocacy group for lymphedema patients. Working towards education, legal reform, changing insurance practices, promoting research, reaching for a cure.

Pat O'Connor

Lymphedema People / Advocates for Lymphedema

Children with Lymphedema

The time has come for families, parents, caregivers to have a support group of their own. Support group for parents, families and caregivers of chilren with lymphedema. Sharing information on coping, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Sponsored by Lymphedema People.

Lipedema Lipodema Lipoedema

No matter how you spell it, this is another very little understood and totally frustrating conditions out there. This will be a support group for those suffering with lipedema/lipodema. A place for information, sharing experiences, exploring treatment options and coping.

Come join, be a part of the family!

If you are a man with lymphedema; a man with a loved one with lymphedema who you are trying to help and understand come join us and discover what it is to be the master instead of the sufferer of lymphedema.

All About Lymphangiectasia

Support group for parents, patients, children who suffer from all forms of lymphangiectasia. This condition is caused by dilation of the lymphatics. It can affect the intestinal tract, lungs and other critical body areas.

Lymphatic Disorders Support Group @ Yahoo Groups

While we have a number of support groups for lymphedema… there is nothing out there for other lymphatic disorders. Because we have one of the most comprehensive information sites on all lymphatic disorders, I thought perhaps, it is time that one be offered.

Information and support for rare and unusual disorders affecting the lymph system. Includes lymphangiomas, lymphatic malformations, telangiectasia, hennekam's syndrome, distichiasis, Figueroa syndrome, ptosis syndrome, plus many more. Extensive database of information available through sister site Lymphedema People.

Teens with Lymphedema

All About Lymphoedema - Australia

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War of 1812 Bicentennial

War of 1812 History: 1812

This is the mobile site for warof1812-bicentennial.info. View this page on the full site.
Map of Upper Canada and surrounding American territory in 1812

As mentioned on the previous page, the United States declared war against Great Britain on June 18th, 1812. With that out of the way, the next question might be where to start hostilities. Since the main causes of the war as described in the declaration were due to British insults on the ocean, it may not be entirely intuitive that the Americans chose to concentrate their efforts as far away from the ocean as possible, on the remote western frontier of the province of Upper Canada, but that's what they decided. It makes some sense, though; Upper Canada made a pretty good target. In contrast to Great Britain's dominance of the seas, only a few thousand British Army regulars were located in the Canadas at the time. The population of Upper Canada in 1812 was around 80,000, spread across a vast area. Could the militia be of assistance? In theory, every able-bodied man in Upper Canada was part of the militia, but in practice, many of them didn't own stuff that we might consider essential for a militiaman, like guns, uniforms, or shoes. For several, pitchforks were the closest item to a weapon that they owned. Nor was it clear how dependable the militia would be. Some of the population of Upper Canada consisted of United Empire Loyalists and their offspring, who could be counted on to hate the Americans' guts. Just as many if not more, however, were Americans who came not so much to live under the British flag as for the cheap land, and who would be, at best, unenthused about fighting other Americans. At worst, they might be unconcerned whether Upper Canada was a British possession or an American one, resigned to the inevitability of Upper Canada falling to the United States, or even in the mood to co-operate with the invaders.

Fortunately, the British had other allies, in the form of the many Indian nations, especially those in the Northwestern United States. As these Indians had been fighting for the better part of a decade to prevent the United States from seiing their territory, while Britain had expressed the desire to have a neutral Indian nation formed in the northwest, it's only natural that the Indians would be allied with the British. The greatest of these Indians was Tecumseh, the Shawnee leader of a great Indian confederacy.

The Americans had been thinking ahead. On January 27th, 1812, they had appointed Henry Dearborn, who had a distinguished Revolutionary War career and later served as Secretary of War, as senior major general in command of the Northeast. Dearborn had put William Hull, Governor of the Michigan Territory, in charge of operations in Ohio and Michigan with the rank of Brigadier General, and Hull had several thousand troops that were ready to move on to Canada. However, this was 1812, so Madison couldn't call, e-mail, or text Hull to let him know that the war was a go. So, Hull didn't hear about the declaration of war until the 30th of June. Problem was, on the 29th, he had sent the schooner Cuyahoga from the estuary of the Miami River to Detroit, carrying his papers and other objects and some soldiers. Two days later the British seized it at Fort Malden. Hull's plans were valuable in helping the British formulate a plan of defence.

Another place where delays in communication proved fatal was at Fort Michilimackinac, often referred to as "Mackinaw" by those who don't have the time to spend saying "Michilimackinac". On July 17th, Captain Roberts marched from St. Joseph's Island with about 600 men in total. Lieutenant Porter Hanks, who was in charge at Mackinaw, got the surprise of his life when Roberts showed up and informed him that Hanks' country was at war with Roberts' country and, oh, could he surrender the fort, please? Hanks surrendered Michilimackinac without a fight.

By this time, Hull had made it to Detroit. After getting there, everyone else wanted to cross the river right away and capture Fort Malden, but Hull wanted to wait for orders from Washington. Once he finally got the orders, it turned out that they wanted him to cross the river right away and capture Fort Malden. By this time, however, Fort Malden had been reinforced, so that didn't seem like such a good idea anymore. So, on the 11th, Hull crossed over somewhere else, captured Sandwich, and on the next day issued a rather windy proclamation, stating that the Canadians would be "emancipated from Tyranny and Opression and restored to the dignified station of Freemen." Hull's soldiers, for their part, welcomed the Canadians to the Land of the Free by pillaging their farms. After a few inconclusive efforts in the direction of Fort Malden, Hull, who, due to a British ambush party, was having major problems getting supplies, decided to cross back over into the United States. Hull sent a party of men to break up the aforementioned ambush party. The two sides met at Maguaga on August 9th, where the Americans were driven back to Detroit.

On the 13th of August, Major-General Isaac Brock stepped ashore at Amherstburg, to take command personally of the British forces. Like Napoleon and Wellington, he was born in 1769 and on an island (specifically Guernsey, located in the English Channel between England and France). Unlike Napoleon and Wellington, however, Brock's destiny lay not on the battlefields of Europe, but in the backwoods of Upper Canada. Now Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada and commander of the forces in Upper Canada, he had been posted to Upper Canada for the past decade, where he had been preparing Upper Canada for the possibility of war, at least when he wasn't thwarted by the Parliament of Upper Canada, wherein those who wouldn't particularly mind an invasion of Upper Canada by the United States were quite well represented. Even just prior to Brock leaving York for Amherstburg, with an invasion imminent, these guys had been more interested in debating bills about education than in suspending the Habeas Corpus act per Brock's request, forcing Brock to prorogue Parliament and declare martial law.

Meeting of Brock and Tecumseh

Brock, after meeting with his officers and with Tecumseh, the great leader of a band of Indian warriors, decided to attack Detroit right away. Although outnumbered, Brock and Tecumseh put on a good show, and on the 16th the terrified Hull surrendered. With this surrender the territory of Michigan passed into British hands. Together with the capture of Michil..., um, Mackinaw and the capture of Fort Dearborn by Indians on August 9th, these victories had done much to convince both Indians and white Canadians that backing the British was not a losing bet.

The iron was hot, and it was time to strike decisively, either at Sackett's Harbour, or along the Niagara Frontier. Brock hurried back to Fort Erie on the Niagara frontier, only to find out that Sir George Prevost had negotiated a local armistice with Dearborn. The Orders-in-Council were been one of the big causes of the war; on June 16th, before the United States declared war (although there was no way for the news to reach the United States quickly), the British Foreign Minister announced that they would be relaxed, and the repeal happened on June 23rd. Prevost hoped that, after this news had reached Washington, perhaps the United States might reconsider war. Actually, the only effect that the armistice had was to allow Brock's advantage on the Niagara frontier evaporate as the Americans mobilized on their side of the Niagara River.

[Sir George Prevost] Sir George Prevost.

Sir George Prevost was the Governor-General of the Canadas and Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in North America. He would exemplify the Peter Principle over 150 years before the principle was first formulated. He had had an illustrious political and military career across British America, and had now worked his way to the top. By proposing the armistice, Prevost did interpret the wishes of Great Britain correctly, but he had allowed Dearborn to add the condition that movements of American men and materiel could continue along the fronts. The armistice, which only lasted for about a month, was only the first of several errors that Prevost would make over the next few years. We'll come to a few more of them later.

Along the American side of the Niagara frontier, command along the northern part of the Niagara River, at Fort Niagara and Lewiston, was held by General Stephen van Rensselaer. He was not a military man, nor was he particularly in favour of the war (he had been coerced into accepting the generalship). Luckily for him, he had a nephew, Colonel Solomon van Rensselaer, who did have some experience in this domain, and the General leaned on the Colonel for advice. To the south, at Buffalo, General Alexander Smyth was in charge. Like Hull and van Rensselaer, Smyth had obtained his position through political means and had little military experience. Van Rensselaer, under pressure from Dearborn to make things happen along the frontier, had big plans. However, Smyth wasn't interested in co-operating with Van Rensselaer's plans, and the militia weren't interested in invading a foreign country. So, Van Rensselaer chose to go it alone.

On October 13th, Van Rensselaer landed troops at Queenston. Colonel Van Rensselaer was injured almost as soon as he stepped ashore, rendering his assistance unavailable for the rest of the battle. At Fort George, Brock, who had received a knighthood the previous week but didn't know about it yet, galloped to Queenston, accompanied only by his aides. Once the Americans landed, Captain Wool led a few hundred infantry up-stream along a curved path that led to the top of Queenston Heights behind the British gun. Brock put together a small party consisting of what troops were available at Queenston, and made it to the Heights just as Wool arrived, forcing Brock to retreat downhill. Brock then decided to retake the Heights before reinforcements arrived. The gun was recaptured, but as success seemed certain, an American stepping out of a thicket shot Brock, who died almost instantly. Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonell then led another attempt to retake the Heights, but he too was mortally wounded. A few hours later General Sheaffe arrived from Fort George with reinforcements, and forced the Americans to surrender. However, the victory at Queenston could not make up for the loss of a talent of Brock's stature.

After the defeat at Queenston, van Rensselaer found it convenient to bow out of the picture, yielding command to Smyth. Smyth's main interests were in composing lofty proclamations, and in marching his soldiers to the Niagara River, changing his mind, and then marching them back, so it should come as no surprise that the Americans made no significant progress on that front for the rest of the year. Smyth was quietly dropped before the next season's campaign. He would later become a Congressman, and became so notorious for his long-winded, irrelevant speeches that other members of Congress would leave for the day the moment he got up to speak.

One area in which the Americans were having success was, surprisingly enough, at sea. On June 23rd, the President defeated the Belvidera, which only narrowly managed to escape. On August 19th, the Constitution captured the Guerriere. As well, American privateers did significant damage to British commerce. These actions were a significant nuisance, but they didn't have a significant effect on the course of the war. They did give the Americans something to feel good about, though. The many one-on-one battles that the Americans won also overshadowed the fact that the British, with their superior power at sea, were setting up a naval blockade of the United States.

On the diplomatic front, there were some efforts made towards peace. The major bone of contention was the Right of Search. The Americans couldn't live with it, and the British couldn't live without it, so that was that and the war continued.


text:
Progress Reports

Everyone in the class should be receiving an e-mail notification from me today. If you have a class average greater than 70, you'll likely receive an e-mail (WebAssign Notification) sent through WebAssign. If you're struggling in the class with an average around 70 or below, you'll receive an official Progress Report sent via NCSU Registration and Records. None of this affects your grade in any way. It's just a "status report" on your current standing in the class.

Monday, September  22, 2014


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employment opportunities

Are you friendly, outgoing, ambitious and passionate about the outdoors? Mabel Lake Resort & Marina  have a variety of seasonal employment opportunities available. If you are excited about the opportunity of working at a summer resort/marina in the Okanagan Valley, are a hard worker with great work ethics, and interpersonal skills — then send us your resume. We’re looking forward to having you join our Mabel Lake Team!

Please send resumes to office@mabellake.com

We seek an outgoing, motivated and organized individual with Food Safe and cooking experience to work in our Beach Cafe for the months of July and August. This is a full time 10 week position, in a fast paced Ice Cream Scooping, Burger Flipping, FF Frying and Poutine Melting recreational environment.

Working lakeside in a picturesque resort setting — greeting guests, serving fast food, sharing responsibilities in a team environment. The ideal candidate will be looking for a temporary change of scenery, willing to live in a campground or reside close enough to commute, and lead by example. Cooking, ordering and inventory knowledge/control is a must, as well as Food Safe (or willingness to pass the course) and an optimistic healthy attitude.
Interested? Give Terry or Sharon a call at 250-838-6664.

This position accurately and efficiently prepares food as directed to ensure the effective running of the Beach Cafe. As an Ice Cream and Treat Server, this fun position requires an outgoing team player, capable of engaging with guests young and old as they ponder their treat selection, while ensuring a smooth moving line-up on hot summer days.
Food Safe required.
* Please note this position works from July to August.

Housekeeping Positions open for persons capable of attending to our rental accommodations with integrity and attention to detail. The goal is to create a clean and orderly environment for our guests, that will become a critical factor in maintaining and strengthening Mabel Lake Resort’s reputation. Part Time help in this division of the resort is great for the person only wanting to work a little bit of their summer away!

* Please note: this position is seasonal and works from May to middle of October.

Positions available for Campground Maintenance workers, focused on the ongoing maintenance of the resort as well as providing customer services as required by Resort and Marina guests. This is an outdoor position, requiring physically fit individuals capable of climbing stairs, filling boat gas, lifting, raking, and other maintenance duties as needed.
Boar Gas, Boater’s License Required, Propane Ticket recommended.
* Please note this position works from June to end of August.

Position selling General Store and Liquor Agency Inventory to the public. Obtaining payment for goods sold. Working cash register, POS system, stocking shelves and merchandising as required. As a customer focused organization, a crucial part of the Grocery Store Team is to enhance our guests experience, and to serve as a Mabel Lake Resort  Ambassador engaging the guest at every opportunity.
Serving it Right Required, Propane Ticket recommended.
* Please note this position is part time, with various starting and ending dates dependent on the Summer Season.

Please send resumes to admin@MabelLake.com


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Our company was established in 2011 in order to provide high precision and quality service in spare parts, fixture and mold sector. Particularly in the packaging and plastic sectors, the machine has gained the trust and satisfaction of its customers thanks to its careful workmanship that has been shown in spare parts manufacturing. We are the company that takes quality as its principle. With the projects it has realized, it has announced its name in the sector and aims at the summit in the sector where it serves itself with fast and solid steps. Our company, which has proved its experience and quality in the manufacturing sector, is proud to represent our country with its export projects abroad and continues to grow rapidly.

Contact Information is desinged for you to share question, problem and suggestion and reach us about website and our services.


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Friday, 3 December 2010

Seriously Unimpressed

When I look out in to my garden, I see a six inch covering of snow. Everything is white and sparkly and beautiful. Icicles hang from the Palace's roof and frosted spiders webs decorate the fence. Where once there was water there is now ice. And where once there were eight chickens pootling about the garden there are now....well, no chickens pootling about the garden.

The chooks are refusing point blank to engage with the weather in any way, shape or form. They make brief excursions out in to the run to eat and drink, but that's it. The rest of the time they are holed up in the coop no doubt muttering darkly about the lack of sunshine and heat. I make frequent visits to break the ice in the drinker and check on my feathered friends. No amount of bribery will bring them out of the Palace. I even tried throwing an enticing handful of corn out on to the frozen tundra, but they watched the arc of the treat fly through the air like specatators at Wimbledon and then stared at me. The message was clear: you'll have to do better than that.

Keeping them clean and warm has been a bit of a challenge if I'm honest. The newspaper I use under the perch was frozen to the coop floor this morning and when it finally came loose, peeled off in a solid sheet. Thankfully the copious amount of poo was similairly frozen and adhered to said sheet. I found myself in the strange position of trying to fold this befouled tabloid in to the compost bin. It wasn't as brittle as you'd expect.  The girls watched all of this from the perches in the run and complained bitterly about being temporarily evicted from their quarters. Replacing the paper and perch, I threw in a few handfuls of woodshavings to help with the extra dung being produced by eight housebound hens.

Here's hoping that the arctic conditions let up soon.

1 comment:

  1. Trouble is ... when the ice departs, the mud arrives :(


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Sunday, August 1, 2010

Annie's 1800s School Autograph Book

Madeline's parents traveled quite a lot with her father's business and she was basically raised by a woman named Annie who may or may not be her real grandmother.  (It's the family mystery, and we all have our theories.)  I believe Annie was the one who started Madeline on this path of saving everything and scrapbooking, as there are a few very old scrapbooks that Annie made with old cards and store trading cards.  This is Annie's school autograph book from the 1800s.  The penmanship alone is beautiful, not to mention the verses and little drawings from her classmates.  Hope you enjoy these selections:

1 comment:

  1. They are all so beautiful! I wish I had that kind of penmanship. My absolute favorite is the third from the bottom. Superb.


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Wednesday, July 18, 2012

A Note From the Author and Some Miscellaneous

Hello readers!  I just want to take a minute to thank all of you that have taken the time to leave me a comment or to email to tell me how much you enjoy Madeline's Memories.  It means so much to me to hear from you and to know that there is someone out there who is interested in Madeline's keepsakes.  I recently posted some photos and letter from former Red Sox Dave "Boo" Ferriss and I received a very nice email from his daughter.  What a nice surprise for me!  I always forward your emails to my husband Bill so he can know that you are enjoying his mother's memories as well.  Thanks again and keep them coming.

I have some miscellaneous items to share today that I discovered in my organizational chore.  The first is a series of 4 photos taken when Madeline was about 3 or 4 years old.

I've posted this last photo before.  My youngest son Andrew is an artist and he recently painted his interpretation of this photo for Father's Day:

Pretty cool!  I like how he brought the photo up to date with the bright colors.

I found this photo in a box with no other clues to identify it.  Madeline does not look happy!  It looks like a cheerleading squad and she is their coach.

This is the back of the photo and the girls have all signed it.  From the few notes I believe it was the cheerleading squad.  Love the note that says "Thanks for helping us with all our problems."

(Added 7/23/2012)

I received some information about the cheerleading photo from my sister-in-law:

The cheerleading photo was taken many years ago, of course, and those "girls" are now in their fifties! In the photo, the girl in the second row from the bottom, third from the left, is Sheila Judkins, whose mother was Judy Judkins, a good friend of my mother's. Sheila still lives in Rutland on the old family farm that she inherited, and she is a school principal at one of the elementary schools in Holden. She was Abby's first grade teacher, and Abby adored her. She is still a Judkins as her only marriage ended in divorce many years ago. She never had any children of her own. Now you know the life story of one of the cheerleaders!

With the group photo I discovered these really cute Easter cards that some of her class made for her.

Just adorable and so colorful. I wish I knew who made them so I could let them know that she liked them so much she kept them forever!

This card looks like an end of the year one.  I would have kept them too.

  1. I have a drawer full of "memories" from my former days as an elementary teacher. I should label them better so others will know why I have kept them. It has been fun to see these from your mother-in-law.

  2. Hi Nellie! Madeline kept everything, but I know why she kept those cards from her students--they are just too cute!


text:
Healing Is Just Skin Deep

My mind is so full of things to express, but my heart is always telling me to hush up. I don't have answers; only questions. Things that shaped who I am seem noteworthy, but some of them feel so shameful. I committed no atrocities, but was subjected to quite a few.

Why, why, why do the negative experiences stand out so sharply in contrast to the normal, acceptable ones? I wish I could just forget the trauma, but who would I be?

My faith gives me hope, but it also leads me to think I should attribute some of who I am to the evil that's plagued my life, and I don't want to romanticize those nightmarish experiences. In so many ways I am those memories, and I can't forget them. Maybe I should, but I can't.

Everything leaves its mark. Time heals wounds, but the scars are so much more than just skin-deep.

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Where They Are Now
Double Vision

Ophthalmologist Arun Lakra explores luck, science and faith in his hit play, Sequence

Photo of Arun Lakra

Photo of Arun Lakra. Photo Credit: John Shin

When Arun Lakra started to feel a bit off-kilter, even downright cranky, during his second year of medical school at U of T, he thought a creative outlet might help. He entered a student short-story contest in the Faculty of Medicine – though he’d never written one before – and won. Then he did it again the next year.

“I really had no method other than indulging a part of my brain that felt like it needed to be indulged,” says Lakra (MD 1990), now an ophthalmologist and award-winning playwright. This week his play Sequence has its Toronto debut at the Tarragon Theatre.

By the time Lakra graduated as a full-fledged ophthalmologist, he had a full-blown passion for writing. And he wasn’t willing to give it up.

“There was no particular moment when I said, ‘Hey, I want to be a writer.’ Towards the end of my ophthalmology residency at U of T, I just realized that it was part of who I was and wanted to be,” he says. “Then I had to figure out if it was possible to pursue both and, if so, how.”

Over the last two decades, Lakra has divided his time between his ophthalmology practice in Calgary and writing. Sequence is his first and only play, and it explores luck, probability, science and faith. “There are two stories that intertwine and ask big questions about order – whether it matters in our lives, in the universe and in the stories,” he says, noting that the play is structured like the twisting double helix of a DNA molecule. In one story, a man successfully bets on the Super Bowl coin toss 20 years in a row, while in the other a professor races toward a cure for the disease causing her own progressive blindness. The play had its world première in 2013 in Calgary and has received several honours, including the Joanne Woodward/Paul Newman Award for Drama at the Bloomington Playwrights Project in Indiana.

For Lakra, the play’s run at the Tarragon (January 3 to February 12) is momentous for a couple of reasons. “I’m thrilled that it’s made it into a theatre of this stature, and I’m excited to have it in a place I called home for many years while I was at U of T.”

On January 13, U of T’s Program in Health, Arts and Humanities and the student humanities blog Artbeat are co-hosting an evening at the theatre featuring Lakra in conversation with the play’s director, Andrea Donaldson. For many of his friends and colleagues in the city, it will be the first time they encounter the man they know as a doctor in his other life as a professional writer.

While he is best known as a playwright, Lakra’s writing projects have spanned multiple genres. Some of his recent projects include a script for a feature film – a supernatural thriller – currently in development, an animated music video that won the Best Music Video Award at the 2015 Toronto Independent Film Festival, an album of original songs and a screenplay for a short film called Probability (based on Sequence) that toured the film festival circuit this past fall.

After juggling writing and medicine for more than two decades, Lakra realized he’d learned a few things about maintaining dual careers, and it might be helpful to others. He developed a theory called “subplotting,” which counsels people to build a secure career while still pursuing a subplot – a passion that’s financially risky, but something they’re not willing to let go of. The idea came out of discussions with his wife about what advice they’d give their two children when it comes to the persistent message in pop culture to “follow your passion.”

“I realized that there might be some validity in what I was doing with my writing. I’m following my passion, but I’m following it in a different way,” says Lakra. “Many of us are over-committing to these pursuits, or neglecting them – leaving them to the weekend hobby. I think there’s a spot in the middle of this continuum where we put time and energy into our interests, but not to the all-in extreme.” Lakra spreads the word about subplotting through public speaking engagements, and he has a book proposal in the works.

The division between medicine and writing may look neat and tidy in his calendar, where certain days are devoted to each pursuit, but the reality can be messy, he says. “I always feel like I’m neglecting something. And there are times when I think about complicated patients when I should be writing, or my mind drifts to plot points when I’m working at my ophthalmology practice.”

Despite the competing demands, Lakra feels fortunate to be living his double life and wouldn’t give up medicine, even if he could. “If all my time, energy and brain power were directed toward the creative side, I think I’d feel the absence of the analytical medical side,” he says. “It’s all about balance.”

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C2C crochet Graph, Monster Ogre PDF Chart, Instant Download, No.003

C2C crochet Graph, Monster Ogre PDF Chart, Instant Download, No.003

Listing is for digital files, PDF, for instant download !
Files will be available through an automatic download as soon as transaction is completed.

All c2c patterns can be customize on request. We love custom orders so don't hesitate to contact us .

C2C Patterns - No.003
Monster Ogre

PDF file with:
- Color chart on a grid where each block represents a block from C2C blanket
- Black and white chart ready to be printed A4
- Same chart split in 2 parts ready to be printed A4 for easier reading.
- Color chart
- Diagram instruction for how to start C2C crochet
- DMC color description

For C2C crochet, cross stitch, needlepoint, Tunisian crochet

- Skill level: confident beginner
- 7 colors
- 80 x 100 stitches

- size for a C2C blanket ( 3.5-4 mm hook/ E,F,G in US sizes)
will be about 55 x 70 inches ( 140 x 180 cm).

Gauge for C2C crochet:
4 dc = 1.7 cm = ¾ inch / 3,5 mm crochet hook
- recommended yarn: 4 ply yarn
- recommended crochet hook: 3.5 - 4.5 mm / E,F,G in US sizes

For other digital C2C charts:

For open and print file you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader
Download for free.

Digital version is for personal use only; finished product not under restrict.
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Happy crocheting !

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Tuesday, February 19, 2013

H i

I'm happy. I found something that I lost I don't know when or where.
You can buy lots of things, but you can't buy a feeling. The feeling that tells you: "it's you, no one can tell you who you are, cause no one knows but you". When you really feel this, you are in control.
Loving yourself is a good thing. It doesn't mean that you are bad or selfish.
My tip, do not worry about stupid crap people says, just take care about the person you are becoming.
Don't hate other people, not worth it. Keep close the good energy, and stay away from people who takes too much energy from you.

I have mountains of work to do, projects I must work in. But today I felt the need of writting this first, so when I will read it in the future I will remember how I feel now. I don't want to forget this.
I'm in a good place.

criscrascrus said...

preciosísimas fotos como preciosísimo texto, eran unas palabras que yo ahora también necesitaba leer :)

Mi Mundo de Color said...

Hello, nice to know your blog!, I love it, your blog and your beautiful style!
I love the pictures on your blog are perfect.

I'm happy here in your blog if you like and like to stay in my world. I would hope if you're there

good week


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Majin Vegeta
(2) Dragonball Z

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The episode first aired on March 14, 1990.

Synopsis: Bulma, Krillin and Gohan are surrounded by armed children. An older boy steps forward, apparently the leader of the group. Gohan and Krillin try to explain their situation in turn, but both wind up dodging weapon fire. Gohan and Krillin Power Up, anticipating a fight, and as they do, a little girl with a teddy-bear, Emi, kicks Krillin in the shin.

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Sunday, July 06, 2014

Second Month Starting Line

Ahhhhhh. We are one month into summer vacation and things are humming along so sunnily and busily that I have neglected you all once again.

Despite a June flood (which seems to have become an annual event in these parts, yikes), by and large we've had good sunny summer weather. Or maybe I just forget the cool and rainy days as soon as they've passed, blinded and distracted by the beloved sunshine once it's here. Either way, summer is the best. It's so good that I find myself panicking a little bit, at times, about the fact that it won't last forever, won't even last very long. Summer here is so short that sometimes I feel like it's a strictly rationed drug.

We just got back from a family vacation (all moms know that I use that last word loosely, but that's fine) to Upper Michigan, where after a chilly start (we're talking temps in the 50s and 60s with cold 20+ mph winds), we thankfully ended up with some perfect 70-80 degree beach weather. Unfortunately I forgot my phone the day it turned 75 degrees and we spent the afternoon making sand castles and soaking up the sun on the shore, so I don't have any pictures of that day, as warm and blissful as it was.

I do have photos of the day it was so cold on the shores of Lake Superior that my girls wore fleeces and sweatshirts with hoods pulled up:

We went for all-girl early-morning walks around the block, after snapping dim photos of pre-breakfast novel-reading and silly selfies before anyone else in the house was awake:

We saw waterfalls and bought homemade peanut-butter-and-jam brownies from the bakery of the monks of the St. John's Monastery, up in the wooded hills by the lake.

We ate ice cream and watched a small-town 4th of July parade and stayed up suuuuuuuuper late for fireworks (omg what in the actual hell, why do fireworks START at nearly 11 p.m. up there??).

And now, 18 hours round-trip driving later, we're back. And as soon as I finish doing the mountain of post-vacay laundry and restocking the fridge with fresh fruit and milk, I'll be back to my usual summer-SAHM routine of farm-share pick-up, pool afternoons, kids' activities and summer "field trips." (On Thursday we're volunteering at a Twin Cities anti-hunger organization with a group of our fellow-moms-and-kids friends.)

It's all good. It's summer, after all.

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text:
March 08, 2010

Spring blooms

Justice Fergie said...

Beautiful! Aren't you glad that it's finally warming up? I'm too nervous to allow myself to get truly excited; I keep hearing that DC is getting another blizzard in March!

ParlinMom said...

BEAUTIFUL...send some to NJ

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When I accidentally fell pregnant with my first child, I panic bought all the “pregnancy essentials,” or at least what I believed to be a necessity such as dummies, bottles and formula milk.

Little did I know I was totally wasting my money but I had never seen anyone breastfeed in real-life so I just couldn’t imagine doing it.

Fast-forward to the labour and the midwives encouraged me to try get the baby to latch as soon as she was born.

It felt weird at first but sure enough my little baby started feeding from my breast. It definitely wasn’t as easy as the adverts made out.

Fortunately though, when at home I had the Little Angels, voluntary breast feeding peer supporters, visit and oh my gosh they were a God send.

They stayed with me and showed me all the different positions that I could hold my baby in, my favourite was holding her “like a rugby ball.”

Not only that they offered me 24 hour support through their helpline and also recommend bosom buddies groups I could go to.

They also told me about the FAB (Families and Babies) shop in Wakefield City Centre where you can take babies and children to feed them and play as well as the adult having a hot drink.

So with Little Angels, FAB shop and the breastfeeding group at my local Sure-start Children’s Centre I was able to establish feeding and continue with just breast milk.

Needless to say I gave away the formula to my friends when I eventually convinced myself I wouldn’t need it.

Suddenly I was investing in breastfeeding-friendly clothes and bras as well as hospital grade electric pump.

The support I received was vital to me starting and persevering with this journey.

And it appears I’m not alone as I asked bloggers from Blog Up North, a network of northern bloggers,  which I run, what helped them with breastfeeding?

Jade Unal of The Wondrous World Of You said: “I loved every second, the only thing is Amelia is two and half and still is obsessed! I wake up every morning with her attached to me, I’m super proud that I did it but super frustrated she still calls it hers.”

Melanie Cossins of Cossins Music School: “Support is so important for mums. I struggled with my first and although i was doing everything the health visitor was telling me I still had problems. My d seemed to suck away for 10mins fall asleep then 20mins later wake up screaming. I ended up with mastitis and that was the end. I felt like a failure. With my second i called Little Angels (a group of volunteers in Wakefield) who were amazing! I had so much better support and not so much pressure to breastfeed. They just helped me get it right. I definitely didnt find it easy and it took me a few weeks to feel confident. Second time around was more successful.”

Sarah Smith of Wharfedale Mumbler said:  “Support is essential especially if you are a first time Mum! The support I received at the hospital was Amazing & helped me to successfully feed my son!”

Amy Downes of A Mum Full of Dreams said: “I always knew I planned to breastfeed, it was never something I really gave much thought to because it just seemed the right thing to do, for me. But there isn’t really anything that can prepare you for what it’s actually like, the late nights, the cluster feeds, the emotional pressure of having such a responsibility for your baby. The first time I was introduced to my health visitor she mentioned a breastfeeding group in Pudsey where I live and I have to say that being able to go to that group once I’d plucked up the courage to leave the house for the first time on my own with the baby really helped me on my breastfeeding journey no end. The biggest thing though was that they had a Facebook group and being able to speak to other Mums during the very dark moments, the times late at night where I felt like I just couldn’t go on, got me through because it helped me see I wasn’t alone. Having the right support gives you confidence to keep going in a world where breastfeeding is often seen as quite a negative thing. My little one didn’t sleep very well and some people blamed that on the fact I was breastfeeding… being able to talk to other Mums about their experiences helped me see that wasn’t true and renewed my resolve to keep going. You need a lot of resolve and stubbornness to breastfeed, support groups become like your cheerleaders! For me, where support also lacks is when you want to stop feeding. Our journey ended after six months, I was proud of myself for getting that far and knew it was the right time to stop… but I was shocked to see there was no support or advice on how to do this.”

Read Amy’s blog post here.

Sarah Jane Scholey of Bargain Mummas said: “Support is essential with my1st born I didn’t no my milk wouldn’t come in until day 3. I’m now on my 4th baby and feel like a pro.”

breastfeeding young mum

National Breastfeeding Celebration Week (NBCW) 2017 started on:

Join the conversation using the hashtag #bffriend17 @MamaMeiBlog

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Questions and comments about using ProDemand or ShopKeyPro information modules

Water Pumps With Timing Belt Jobs?

Water Pumps With Timing Belt Jobs?

Postby 434MONTECARLO » Fri Nov 14, 2014 3:52 pm

It would be very helpful to include water pumps as an add to timing belt jobs since most of the timing belts are now done at 100,000+ mile intervals.
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Re: Water Pumps With Timing Belt Jobs?

Postby KGA » Fri Nov 14, 2014 4:32 pm

Usually if we are doing a water pump with a timing belt the water pump labour has the timing belt combination labour underneath it. Not sure if this helps.
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Re: Water Pumps With Timing Belt Jobs?

Postby timbre4 » Fri Nov 14, 2014 5:04 pm

This is an editorial question regarding Estimator labor practices so I have moved this to ProDemand.
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Rent $
Home > Manhattan rentals > Manhattan apartments/houses

Posted: Monday, February 19, 2018 11:34 AM

----- Schedule a Showing Online -----
25th and 3rd Ace New York, NY
Gramercy - Pre-War True 1-bedroom W/ Arched Doorways & Sconces, Under Market Value
Available now
1 bed, 1 full bath
528 sq. ft.
Schedule a Showing Online

Broker Fee - 15%
Application Fee - $100

Dogs - Accepted

This apartment is a low walk-up and located in the Gramercy area, on the border of Kips Bay.
It is well under market value, so please call for availability. The median price for a 1br in this area is approximately $3100, so this is a fantastic price.

WEB ID: LOG-1-011-22-
Contact Us
Metropolitan Property Group
Charles P. Munroe
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• Location: Manhattan

• Post ID: 81782173 manhattan
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Lewa Patil
The origin of Lewa Patils, at an essential time, came from defence duty (Kshatra Karma). At other times it means agriculture (Krushi Karma) and hence from the beginning they were treated as warriors (Kshatriya).
Bahinabai Chaudhary Though Bahinabai was illiterate, her thinking power was superior to the literate.
Bahinabai Chaudhary

All right reserve NJMLS, United States


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Friday, March 27, 2009

5 km!

In 1:22.

Pic is of the Canada Games Pool itself.

Tony is swimming in the leftmost lane beyond the white bulkhead. We're along that same wall, at the 25-m point. The reason for this strange perspective is not to violate the rules about taking pix of the other swimmers.

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2 Bed Middle Floor Apartment in Elviria

€320,000 - R2979713

New Search

Lovely apartment situated in prestigious Santa Maria golf area. The property is in a tranquil area surrounded by golf and residential homes. The complex offers several pools and a nicely kept garden. The property offers an open kitchen leading to the lounge and covered terrace with glass curtains converting it in a usable area all year long. The property includes an underground garage space and a storage. Fantastic property to spend holidays or live all year long.

Property Details

Bedrooms: 2
Bathrooms: 2
Living Area: 112m²
Terrace: 52m²

  •  Suburban
  •  Close To Golf
  •  Urbanisation

  •  Good

  •  Communal

Climate Control

  •  Air Conditioning

  •  Covered Terrace
  •  Lift
  •  Fitted Wardrobes
  •  Private Terrace
  •  Marble Flooring
  •  Double Glazing

  •  Golf
  •  Holiday Homes


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Tuesday, September 1, 2009

Three Entry Results

In the last month and a half, I've entered three paintings in juried shows and put together a proposal to have an exhibit at the DIVA Gallery in Eugene. Out of the four potential exhibits, I'd told myself I'd be happy if I got 2 acceptances. When entering for the WSO (Watercolor Society of Oregon) and HWS (Hawaii Watercolor Society), you know it will be over a month between entering and hearing the results.

With the Eugene Mayor's Show, the wait is only one week. On Saturday, Aug. 22 I left off "Sound Bites" and 6 days later I picked it up--the painting was rejected. Boo-hoo! But I had three other things in the mix.

Posted by Picasa

Sound Bites

Yesterday I got the results from the HWS in the mail. "Orchid Eruption" was accepted in the 2009 Hawaii Watercolor Society Open exhibit.

Posted by Picasa

Orchid Eruption

And Today I heard that my entry for the WSO 2009 Fall Show was also accepted.

Posted by Picasa

Caribbean Cornrows II

So now I am pleased, as I said I would be, with my efforts. Two paintings are in shows and one was rejected. I have to admit, I still look for outside approval of my art, but I also feel my own artistic growth internally and that drives me to go out to the studio to create another piece.

I'm happy, but would it be greedy to keep hoping for an exhibit at DIVA? I'll let you know when I hear from them.

Ruth Armitage said...

Congrats Margaret! I'll keep my fingers crossed for DIVA too :)

Carolee Clark said...

I love all three paintings ... I think that they all should have been accepted! Congratulations!

Linda Rothchild Ollis said...

So glad to hear your good news, Margaret! I look forward to seeing your WSO Show entry, in person, in McMinnville.

Anonymous said...

Hey, Margaret:

We are fantastic! It is exciting to be juried into WSO. I also have been juried into the Coos Art Museum Biennial in October, along with several others in G.B.
Because we are going to Denver for a Peace Corps reunion, we won’t go to WSO this time. We’ve hardly missed any since I was accepted, but we promised others to go to Denver.

I have enjoyed your blog. Watching the progress on the Caribbean Cornrows was illuminating. Are you planning to put it all together into a book?

Later, Pat

Anonymous said...

Congratulations Margaret on your great paintings and their acceptances! Sorry to hear of the difficult decisions with your mom...but it sound like it is going pretty well now. Loved seeing your darling grand kids. We just hear that our son and his wife are expecting in March...so I will be a grandma, too! Can't wait! Kara

Anonymous said...

Margaret: Loved the info. on your blog. Look forward to the workshop with you later on this month. Your paintings are fabulous. I only wish I had a thimble full of your talent.

Anonymous said...

Congratulations to you also--I saw the title Caribbean Cornrows II and thought that must be the painting you had on the blog you were working on earlier.

Anonymous said...

Congrats on the entries. Nice pieces. I LOVED your ongoing conversation with Joyce. Sam

Anonymous said...

Congratulations! (The Mayor's art show is not so grand -- I always thing the Salon des Refusees is a better show).

See you soon. Janice


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Tag: finnsheep

color affection

This is a gift-knit for a traveling friend. Colors used were inspired from Finnish nature (and the yarn used is from Finland).

Pattern was a bit of a surprise i was doing good until i reached half way on the 3rd section. I got confused and went for a ravelry project gallery hunt to take a look at other knits from this pattern! 😀 I did not get the feeling from the pattern that the end of 3rd section would not reach the end of 2nd section 😀 I was running low on my MC (Itämeri) thou i thought i could make it 🙂 Anyway – viewing some other knits from this pattern it all made sense 🙂 (thanks ravelry -peeps!)

More abt this knit at the Happy Kanto -blog.

Color Affection by Veera Välimäki

New for me

nothing really

something else to say abt this knit

Another brainless knit. Am super happy with the colors i chose and the yarn! Oh! The knit has texture and some gloss (from Itämeri 50/50 silk-wool). My favourite from the three is thou Vänö Ull Lammull (finnsheep) the black-white texture is such a joy for sight and the fiber so soft. I hope Kerä will get/make more of this – i got the last once from a local fair. #sad

Knitlob’s Lair Kipinätär cItämeri≤ 80g
Knitlob’s Lair Luonnotar cKelo≤ 75g
Vänö Ull Lammull cB&W ≤ 65g

my ravelry project link

Not. I only got confused for a tiny bit.

other knits with little twits


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Tai Lopez and The Wisdom of Building Your Brand

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The life of a self-made entrepreneur can be difficult. Managing and building your own brand can take a lot out of you, and tirelessly navigating and analyzing the right and wrong moves can be tough when you are just starting out on your own without any guidance.  While entrepreneurship can be liberating, it can it can quickly turn sour if you’re lost and have no easy answers.

Mistakes made along the way towards building your successful brand or business are ultimately what make you grow stronger and smarter.  However, an endless stream of errors, bad calls, and missed opportunities can make you quit before you see the results of your arduous work. Many entrepreneurs going about it alone can often become jaded or cynical after enough time.

For these reasons, it can be quite helpful to have a mentor to help you along the way.  A guide can help navigate you on the right course, and give you a new fresh perspective and set of ideas to influence your decisions when building your brand. Regardless of how unique or different your endeavors are, sound advice and encouragement can often be true across industries, and can prove to be beneficial.

The Benefits of a Mentor

A seasoned mentor can give insights from their own past experiences to help your path to success come faster.  Unfortunately, many entrepreneurs who are newer to their brand or business might be lacking in the connections and networking skills of those who have been in the game for longer.  They may might have trouble finding someone willing to take the time to guide them in their journey. Newer entrepreneurs are also the most vulnerable, because they have no experience of their own to guide them other than their own gut.

Luckily, the amount of guidance and help online is plentiful.  There are countless experienced professionals offering advice to up and coming entrepreneurs to help them along their path towards being the masters of their own domain. An endless number of lectures, podcasts, videos and articles are available through social media from a vast number of branding gurus and professional entrepreneurs.

With all the advice available from so many perspectives, it can sometimes be a disadvantage to take try to it all in.  Sometimes, it’s better to follow just a couple of proven experts like Tai Lopez or Gary Vaynerchuk for inspiration and advice when building your brand.

Tai’s Philosophy

 Tai Lopez has emerged as an expert in the world of branding and entrepreneurs.  A college dropout and a man of humble beginnings raised by a single parent, Tai was eventually able to build his way up to be an influential thought leader and millionaire by the age of 30.

Through his own life philosophy, which he shares through his popular YouTube account and online series “The 67 Steps”, Tai has amassed a huge community of fans and followers from all around the world.  Lopez often speaks of becoming valuable, inimitable, rare, and non-substitutable (VIRN), and balancing the four pillars of “The Good Life”, which he describes are health, wealth, love, and happiness.

Tai describes the bigger picture of what an entrepreneur should be searching for, providing unique and valuable content and overall success. Moreover, a huge theme which he likes to drive down is the endless pursuit of knowledge.

Tai believes that when exposing ourselves to innovative ideas, we can create new solutions to a wider range of problems or dilemmas in our lives and business endeavors.  More knowledge leads to more success, and one way he gains knowledge is by reading a new book every day, a tactic he swears by.

Tai widely credits this as a major source of his success and achievements.  He takes the main ideas and key concepts from the books he reads and speaks about them in his popular YouTube channel and in his podcast “The Tai Lopez Show”. He has essentially created one of the world’s largest book clubs, and has shared and inspired his endless pursuit of knowledge with his fans and viewership.

Tapping In On Branding Mentorship

 Tai’s guidance for self-advancement and actualization for entrepreneurs is based on his own philosophy and rise to success. He maintains that his own success in branding are a direct result of the ideas, philosophy and guidance he offers his viewers.

For entrepreneurs and those creating their own brand without their own mentor, following a seasoned professional could prove to be beneficial.  Building one’s own brand or business can be complex and exhausting, and it might be well worth your time to listen to an expert’s own past experiences, successes, and failures, when starting out on your own path.


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Parents Arrested After Children Found Shackled, Malnourished in California Home

California Police freed 13 siblings from their home in Perris, California, who had been imprisoned by none other than their own parents. David Allen Turpin, 57, and Louise Anna Turpin, 49 are the notorious parents of these kids.

Both the parents have been booked under the charges of child endangerment and torture by the police. One of the girls, who escaped from the home managed to contact police on 911 and told her condition to the police.

Inside the girl’s house, the police officers found several children bound by chains and deadbolts to their beds in dusky and filthy condition. The youngest of the siblings is 2 years old. Most of the 13 siblings are minors and malnourished. Seven of them seemed grownups aging between 18 to 29.

The police provided them food and milk, and later on admitted them to hospitals. Their parents were jailed, but later on the bail was settled at $9 million, each.

According to the public records, the couple owns an ordinary tract house. A statement released by the Riverside County Sheriff’s Office reads, “The parents were unable to immediately provide a logical reason why their children were restrained in that manner.”