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We recently hosted a lavish Italian lunch with the team from Ormeggio at the Spit. One of the highlights was a delicious canapé of Baccala Fritters. Chef Alessandro Pavoni has kindly shared the recipe. We’re going to be enjoying these over the festive season with bubbly.

Makes approximately 40 fritters

350g plain flour
300g grapeseed oil
900ml water
12 whole eggs
1200g salted cod, washed and diced in small cubes
450g Dutch Cream potatoes, peeled and quartered
1 bunch parsley
*Additional grapeseed oil (approx. 10L for deep fryer or quantity as recommended on fryer)

In a pot, cover the potatoes with water, bring to the boil and cook for
20 minutes.

Add diced cod to potatoes. Turn off heat and leave to rest for 5 minutes. Strain and pat dry.

Blend strained potatoes and cod in a food processor to make a coarse puree.

In a pot, combine water and grapeseed oil and bring to the boil.

Add flour to the oil and water mixture, turn off heat and stir with rubber spatula until fully incorporated. Transfer to the bowl of an electric mixer.

Add eggs one by one mixing at medium speed until a uniform dough is formed.

Add the potato and cod puree and mix until fully incorporated.

Allow batter to rest for 24 hours in a plastic container in fridge.

To cook fritters, heat grapeseed oil in a deep fryer. Scoop out batter using a tablespoon and drop into the fryer. Once golden, remove fritters using a metal slotted spoon.

Rest fritters on paper towel to absorb excess oil.

Serve with aioli.

Perhaps due to iconic wines like Penfolds Grange and Henshke Hill of Grace, Australian shiraz has a reputation for being the ultimate variety to cellar for years, even decades. Many do, but it’s not always the case. Unlike cabernet sauvignon, the make-up of the shiraz grape does not automatically produce age worthy wines. The longevity of a shiraz all depends on its region, the way the grapes are grown and how they are treated in the winery.

An important factor in how a red wine ages is the amount and type of tannin it carries. Tannins extracted from the grapes skin are soft, velvety and give a lovely mouthfeel to young reds but don’t do much heavy lifting over years in the cellar. Conversely, tannins from the grape seeds are rather coarse and aggressive,making a wine uncomfortable to drink in its youth but are the pillars that support a statuesque wine over decades.

While it’s rare for a red that is voluptuous and smooth in its youth to become commanding and full of grace with age, it can sometimes happen.

Logan makes five wines based around the shiraz grape and all have different age worthiness. The Apple Tree Flat should be enjoyed in its youth, the Logan Shiraz and Weemala Shiraz Viognier are produced to be medium term agers, think four to eight years. Ridge of Tears is the showcase of our cellar-style shiraz wines, with different life expectancies. The 2014 Orange Ridge of Tears, grown at a lofty 870 metres above sea level in volcanic soils, is rich with mouthfilling velvety soft skin tannins but does also have a nice strong acid structure which should see it age sweetly over five to 10 years. At 564 metres the ironstone and quartz laced gravelly loam soils where we grow the '14 Mudgee Ridge of Tears impart strong, grainy, ageworthy seed tannins which will ease this wine gently through 10 to 20 years in a good cellar.

Plenty of choices for today and tomorrow.

RECIPE – 15.5.16

We recently joined forces with Cho Cho San Head Chef Nicholas Wong to create a Tokyo izakaya-style feast at the Logan Tasting Room, and his Teriyaki Beef Short Rib was a stand out. Nic has kindly shared the recipe.

Beef Short Rib, serves 4
1.8 kg beef short rib, bone in (this should be 3 rib bones), 2 L brown chicken stock, 1 cup Teriyaki glaze (recipe below)

1.   Line a deep baking tray or Dutch oven with baking paper.
2.   Place beef short ribs on tray and fully cover with stock and teriyaki glaze. Fully cover air tight, either with a lid or aluminum foil.
3.   Bake at 140°C for 4 hours, or until tender.
4.   Remove foil, or lid, and remove from stock. Reserve the stock. Remove bones while still hot. The bones should slide out quite easily. Carefully cut the beef ribs into three pieces. Allow to cool and refrigerate overnight.
5.   On a very hot BBQ sear each side, brushing the leftover teriyaki on each side. The beef should look sticky and the teriyaki caramelised.
6.   Reheat leftover stock, and place the beef back in to the stock to warm through. Once warmed through carve and plate with carrot pickle and steamed rice.

Teriyaki Glaze
250ml soy sauce, 125 g castor sugar, 250 ml mirin, 80 ml sake, 100 g roughly chopped ginger

1.   Bring all ingredients to boil, and simmer for 10 minutes on low. Allow to cool, strain and set aside

Carrot Pickle
2 kg carrot, peeled, and cut into thin noodles, ¼ tsp salt, ½ tsp sugar, 1 cup apple cider vinegar, 2 tbsp Korean chilli paste, 1 tbsp toasted sesame oil

1.   Macerate carrots with sugar and salt, set aside for 10 minutes. Discard excess liquid.
2.   In a bowl mix chilli paste, vinegar and sesame oil til combined. Add carrots to vinegar mixture. Will keep in an air tight container for 5 days.

When choosing the location to plant grapes you don’t want to pick a place that can produce top wine only in a great year, but all other years the wine is ho-hum. We prefer to make a great wine in a regular year and then, in a freakish year, produce something extra, extra special. 2014 was a particularly ordinary year. But in a good way. The temperatures, rainfall and harvest dates were all pretty much bang on the long term average. It’s exactly the type of season you thought you would get when you planted grapes in the region.

It makes it a very good year to taste our two Ridge of Tears Shiraz wines side by side. You can see the classic differences in shiraz when grown in the rolling hills of Mudgee compared to the ultra-cool high altitudes of Orange.  Pete believes the soils affect the mouth feel of the wine and the temperature and sun influences the flavours. The Orange Ridge of Tears Shiraz is grown about 300 metres higher, so it has more red fruits to the lower Mudgee wine’s dark earthy flavours. As the Orange shiraz is grown in rich volcanic soil it has velvety soft tannins making the wine approachable if drinking it young (although it will age gracefully over the medium term) whereas the ironstone and quartz laced gravelly loam soils of Mudgee give it more forceful grainy tannins which are great for ageing the wine long term but also make it the perfect partner for a chargrilled steak right now.

We hope you enjoy both, but like most people, you’ll probably have a definite leaning to one or the other. There’s no better year to find out.

While 2014 was standard, our ‘14 Logan Chardonnay was anything but, turning out to be very expressive. Still elegant, it has a richer core of flavour than previous years, which is possibly a result of the low yield of grapes per vine in 2014. Slow fermentation by wild yeast has produced deep stone fruit, nut and citrus flavours with 33% fermented in oak barrels to give texture and dimension. We left the yeast lees in for nine months to further enhance the texture and contribute a savoury, spicy note to the aroma.

You can enjoy it now or cellar confidently for 10 years or so.

Know why wine comes in a 750ml bottle? Liquor laws? Convenient shelf size? Nope. Back in the days before automated glass production, 750mls was the lung capacity of your average glass blower. And so it has stayed that way.

For many, 750ml is too much wine for one sitting, so here is our simple guide to the ‘fridge’ or ‘bench’ life of an open bottle…

Generally, young, fresh fruity aromatic whites like sauvignon blanc and verdelho don’t make it past the second evening, while less tropical young whites such as semillon, pinot gris and riesling can drink well for a few more days. Elegant cool climate chardonnay that has savoury, citrus and nutty flavours (rather than rich fruit) will usually see you through Monday to Friday.

For reds, the more tannin, the longer you can enjoy the open bottle. Many highly tannic wines will actually be at their best on the second or third night.

You’re better finishing off pinot noir and other early-drinking nouveau reds as these tend to fade away over 24 hours. At the other end of the spectrum, cabernet sauvignon based wines (or the lesser known varieties saperavi and tannat) may last the better part of a week. For all the red varieties in between, the wines will vary greatly in style based on region, winemaker and where they sit in the winery’s hierarchy. Shiraz, for example, can be tannic, savoury and last open for six days, or it might be a high alcohol fruit bomb that will fall over on the second night. Make a judgement call based on tannin and flavour profile and see how you go.

As far as closures go, always return the screw-cap or cork to an opened bottle and use a champagne stopper on bubbly.

The good news, generally the better the wine, the longer it will keep after opening.  On the flip side; generally the better the wine, the less likely there’ll be leftovers.

We recently hosted Manly’s famed Papi Chulo restaurant here in Mudgee for a degustation feast and a standout of the night was the delectable Porchetta. Chefs Patrick Friesen and Christopher Hogarth have kindly shared their recipe and we reckon it will be a hit over the festive season - if you can wait that long.

1 pork belly, skin separated from meat
2 bunches thyme
2 bunches rosemary
2 bunches sage
1 tbsp fennel seeds
2 heads garlic
300 ml olive oil
Sea salt

Confit the garlic in the olive oil cooking over very low heat for about one hour until garlic is soft. Strain. Keep the oil.

Pick and chop the herbs until quite fine. Mix with the garlic oil and toasted fennel seeds until a paste texture is created.

Trim the pork belly so it is of even thickness. Score the flesh, season generously with sea salt. Rub with the herb paste and place confit garlic cloves all over the belly. Push them into the flesh to partially crush them. Score the fat layer on the inside of the pork skin and season with salt on the flesh side. Roll the pork belly as tight as possible. Wrap with the skin. Tie the belly and skin together tightly at intervals. Leave to marinate overnight or for a minimum of four hours. Slowly cook on a charcoal rotisserie* on low to medium heat for about 3 hours until the internal temperature reaches 60°C and the crackling is nice and crispy.

Slice the porchetta and serve with roasted, salted and crushed kipfler potatoes, a mixed leaf salad and English mustard. Works beautifully with a Pinot Noir or a nice crisp Rosé at lunch.

* Or roast in an oven on top of a wire rack. Preheat oven to 200°C and roast for half hour. Reduce temperature to 160°C for 1 hour. Increase temperature back to 200°C until crackling is extra crispy. Make sure the fan is on high if you have a fan-forced oven.

NEW RELEASES – 1.12.15

Vintage 2012’s cold growing season and late summer rain might spell disaster for some wine – but not for sparkling. Cold and wet is the norm for Champagne so our ‘12 Vintage ‘M’ Cuvée has turned out close to perfection.

All previous vintages, back to the inaugural 1998, have been roughly equal parts chardonnay, pinot noir and pinot meunier. In contrast, this 2012 vintage is skewed heavily towards chardonnay (79%) with just 11% pinot noir and 10% meunier.

The result is a tight, fine, long and dry sparkling, full of lemon, almond and green apple characters from the chardonnay grapes and a hint of pinot-derived wild strawberry. The lovely rich brioche aroma comes from ageing the wine in bottle for 3 years on its dead yeast lees.

We also tried something a little different with the Logan Sauvignon Blanc, arguably our most consistently high quality wine. The cold, sunny climate of Orange is the perfect place to grow this variety, producing a vibrant and mineral-rich style to which we add more texture by fermenting a parcel in oak barrels.

Our 2015 savvy is the first vintage to undergo fermentation with the skins in (a process usually reserved for red wines) and the result is a lovely salty finish. Coupled with a spectacular 2015 harvest, this year’s Logan Sauvignon Blanc is more complex and sort of ‘crunchier’. Perfect for warm weather!

While trying new things we decided to introduce a new line to our Apple Tree Flat range. The inaugural Apple Tree Flat Cabernet Merlot is a beauty - chunky, gritty and robust - crying out for BBQ’d beef or lamb. This equal parts blend of cab sauv and merlot has plenty of bright red and dark fruit flavours – blueberries, mulberries and blackberries with a little blackcurrant and plum – with violets, dark chocolate, tobacco and nutmeg to round it out.

We think you’ll like it; particularly the little price for such a big wine.

RED, WHITE AND NEW – 15.8.15

Cab merlot, sem sauv blanc… mixing wine varieties is common. Mixing red grapes with white grapes – less so. In the Rhône Valley, the inquisitive French played with fermenting a small amount of white viognier grapes with red shiraz. It worked a treat and they have been turning out this gorgeous, pretty yet structured drop for decades. It’s the inspiration for our Australian take on this multi-coloured blend.

To make our Weemala Shiraz Viognier we pick and crush the two varieties at the same time so the juice and skins of the white weave their way through the red ferment, allowing a little magic (or alchemy) to happen. The Mudgee shiraz has fantastic flavours and lives beautifully for more than a decade in the cellar, but the grainy tannins can leave the mouth a tad dry after a sip. So during fermentation special tannin from the viognier binds to the shiraz tannins, transforming them into a new tannin molecule which has a velvety smooth feel in the mouth. That is why our Weemala Shiraz Viognier is predominantly (75% in the 2013) from our Mudgee grapes. There is a little of our Orange shiraz in there too as its cool climate red fruits and spice characters add complexity while being complimentary to the shiraz viogner's style.

You don’t want too much viognier to achieve the silky tannins, as it has a strong aroma of apricot marmalade and flowers that will overpower in concentration. Like the very successful 2012 (four Gold and two Silver medals in major wine shows) our new 2013 Weemala is 97% shiraz and just 3% viognier. It sounds insignificant but believe us, it’s not. Besides softening the tannins this small amount of white grapes actually intensifies the red colour (more alchemy) and gives a subtle floral lift to the aroma.

A marriage made in heaven.

What does the winemaker drink when he’s not drinking wine?

A winemaker does enjoy more than fermented grape juice. Here are some of Peter Logan’s non-wine faves:

At the end of a hard day squeezing grapes, Pete loves nothing more than a nice fresh, cold, crisp beer. Not a fan of the very of-the-moment American Pale Ale style (far too aromatic and sweet for him, kinda like the beer equivalent of a heavily oaked buttery chardonnay) he prefers a good lager, refreshing with just a hint of bitterness at the back to clean out the palate. In cooler weather he loves a hearty stout or porter and when in London for work, he'll head straight to the nearest real ale pub for a warm and creamy pint, which goes great with a pork pie or scotch egg.

But man cannot live on beer (and wine) alone.

Visiting Japan each year, Pete has developed a real appreciation for sake. The good stuff is like unoaked white wine only with less intensity. It can be charming, particularly if you’re dining on delicate food like sushi or yakitori.

He’s partial to a classic G&T at cocktail hour. Bitter and refreshing. Or an Old Fashioned or Negroni - administered with caution as the potency can bring an early end to a fun evening.

Finally, as a nightcap he enjoys nothing better than a single malt whiskey. Preferring the cleaner styles to the peatier ones, he always picks up a bottle on his annual visit to our Scottish importer, Lockett Bros Fine Wine and Whiskey Store, in the sweet Scottish seaside town of North Berwick. He doesn't pair his wee dram with food, just conversation or contemplation.

NEW RELEASES – 15.06.15

2011 was a difficult vintage for many types of wine due to lots of rain and cold, cloudy conditions. As this kind of weather is often experienced in the Champagne region of France it’s little surprise that 2011 was a great year for our bubbly. A roughly equal blend of the three primary varieties grown in Champagne - chardonnay, pinot noir and pinot meunier – our crisp 2011 Vintage 'M' Cuvée is a beautiful pale salmon colour with characters of lemon, wild strawberry, roasted almonds and oyster shell before a long, dry finish. There are even some brioche-like bakery hints from ageing the fizz on dead yeast lees for more than three years. Let’s pop one now.

The chardonnay revival keeps gaining momentum which is good news for the Orange region - it excels in the cool temperatures found high up on Mount Canobolas. Vintage 2013 was quite a rich year for chardonnay in Orange meaning our '13 Logan Chardonnay is a little more full bodied than the previous three years while still very much in our balanced and delicate style. 23% was fermented in French and Hungarian oak barrels to give a savoury complexity and smooth mouthfeel. The aroma is bright with fig, orange rind and a hint of gunsmoke (think sparklers). The palate is smooth with flavours of white peach and nuts with a fresh citrus finish.

2014 was a very good year in central NSW for most varieties. Our first red to make it to market, the '14 Logan Pinot Noir, shows the quality of the growing season. A perfume of rose with plenty of red fruits like cherry, wild strawberry and Campari jump from the glass. The light bodied palate has all the same flavours with a little lick of tannin and a long dry finish. Seriously sexy stuff.

The noble variety of riesling hails from Germany and comes in many different guises. In its homeland you will find everything from surprisingly lovely and complex bubbly (called sekt) through to the interestingly named trockenbeerenauslese, where the mouldiest individual berries are selected to make an intense sweet wine. Then there’s eiswein (ice wine), where grapes are left on the vine until they freeze before being hand-picked and pressed, leaving behind the frozen water and so concentrating all the sugar, acid and flavours.

We prefer the popular German style known as trocken (or dry). Many of these wines retain a little sugar to balance the high natural acid and produce a finish that is dry, yet with a juicy and fruity palate. This is the style of our Weemala Riesling. Quite dry, light, fresh, aromatic, fruity and delicious.

Riesling likes a long, slow ripening season to produce its lovely bright flavours and keep the acid structure that is so important to this variety’s character. In warm climates, the riesling grapes tend to ripen too quickly and taste a bit dull. So the cold, sunny climate of Orange is the perfect place to grow this great grape.

Now in its eighth release, our Weemala Riesling has become very popular over the past few years and is our best performer at award shows. Despite people predicting a big riesling renaissance in Australia, sales are still at less than 5% of the total bottled white wine market. Hopefully we’ll witness a slow, steady and directional increase in the amount of riesling being drunk in this country over the coming years. Prost!

TASTE OR TOSSER? – 15.12.14

Can you develop a good wine palate, or is this something you’re born with?

Firstly, what is a palate? It’s the wine taster’s ability to identify firstly the aromas and flavours in a wine and secondly the structural elements like acid, tannin, polysaccharides and alcohol and how all these factors come together to give the overall balance and character of a wine. Often followed by the ability to pontificate ad nauseum about wine, boring everyone to tears!

While some people do naturally have a good palate, with consistent practice and concentration you can train even the most novice of wine tasters - eventually. You have to focus on each of the aromas, flavours and textures in a wine and recall how these elements differ from one wine to the next. The good news is the more wine you drink, the better you’ll become.

About 25% of the population are supertasters who experience taste at a far greater intensity to the rest of us. This could be a help or hindrance as supertasters are much more averse to bitterness and may rate poorly some wines that the rest of us love. Women and those of Asian descent are more likely to be supertasters. As we age past 60 years we begin to lose our sense of smell and taste, and smokers have dulled taste buds. So an anglo 90 year old male smoker ain’t gonna pass his Master of Wine exam.

Do you need a good wine palate? If you’re not a winemaker, journalist, sommelier or wine show judge, of course you don’t. You just need to know what you like and where to buy it.

NEW RELEASES – 1.12.14

Can you smell that? It’s our new aromatic whites and rosés, classic examples of the great 2014 NSW Central Ranges vintage.

Some standouts include the 2014 Logan Sauvignon Blanc with its generously vibrant lime and pink grapefruit aroma and flavour together with a little guava, sage and a minerally core. We like to enhance the “quintessentially Orange” characteristics with a little barrel and malo-lactic fermentation and yeast lees stirring, creating a savvy that’s aromatic, fresh, complex and textured with crisp acidity and a long finish.

Rosé excelled in 2014. Both our Logan ‘Hannah’ and Apple Tree Flat rosés look great. The 2014 shiraz and merlot grapes from Mudgee had oodles of flavour and colour, producing a 2014 Apple Tree Flat Rosé with bright red colour and lovely strong berry fruit flavours. A touch of spice on the aroma and a dry, crisp palate make it the perfect barbecue wine.

We also have a couple of exciting new red releases including our two Ridge of Tears Shiraz from 2012. This range showcases our top shiraz from both Orange and Mudgee and seeks to expose how good these two regions are but also how different they can be.

The 870m altitude and volcanic soils lend a distinctive style to the Orange Shiraz - from the aroma of red berries, roasted thyme, star anise and beef stock to the bright and fresh just medium bodied palate and very long minerally finish. This unapologetically cold climate shiraz brims with personality and purity of character.

While not the dizzying heights of Orange, the Mudgee Ridge of Tears Shiraz is still grown 564m above sea level, with very cold nights. Mudgee’s red loamy and ironstone soil is evident in this wine’s rich aroma of dark and red berries with plums, florals, spices (like white pepper and coriander seed) and earthiness. This 2012 has a particularly “Mudgee” palate - at the bigger end of medium bodied shiraz, a touch rustic with a tight structure balanced by a lovely smooth texture.

As 2012 was a very low cropping vintage, these two shiraz should age gracefully for plenty of years.

French cellar-hand Jean-Francois worked with Logan during the 2014 vintage and we asked him to share his insights into the perception of Australian wine in France (we think we may have enlightened Jean-Francois a little during his time in Mudgee)…

JEAN-FRANCOIS: Bonjour! I travelled to Mudgee from St Emilion in France, world famous for our Bordeaux blend of merlot (60%), cabernet franc (30%) and cabernet sauvignon (10%).

Where I come from, most people drink local. We French tend not to even think about Aussie wine; we are not exposed to all that the Australian wine industry has to offer. This is why my journey ‘down under’ has been so enlightening.

Generally in France, the belief is that Aussie wine is all about volume and driven by massive production. I was surprised to discover such diversity, from big producers of mass quantities to boutique family operators like Logan.

In France we have been making wine since the Roman invasion in around 50 BC. We benefit from the knowledge of centuries of vignerons before us, and this has afforded an intricate understanding of our terroir. For this reason, in France we say that we make wine in the vineyard – not just in the cellar.

It is interesting that so many miles away, Logan follows the same logic. Peter’s philosophy, too, focuses on the vineyard and letting fruit flavours speak for themselves. Such winemaking requires restraint, not too much meddling, and respect and understanding of the terroir. I can taste this sensibility when I drink Peter’s wine. It is quite European in its approach.

The Logan wine that has most impressed me is the 2012 Weemala Tempranillo. It’s very deep and full-bodied with lots of character, lovely balance, nice tannins and beautiful aromas. I’m not used to tempranillo but perhaps this is a varietal I can introduce to my friends back in St Emilion. I can teach them that when it comes to Australian wine, there is much to know, and they have much to learn!


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Jeremiah 20

From LOLCat Bible Translation Project

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Old Testament

1 Wen teh preest of teh Ceiling Cat herd Jerdemaya miaowin' teh profesy,
2 He had Jerdemaya beated up an put in a rubbermaid tote. IT'S A TRAP!
3 Teh nex dai, teh preest (hiz naym wuz Pashur)let him out an Jerdemaya told him:
 "Ceiling Cat sez ur naym is not Pashur nomoar! Ur naym is Majer-Pain-in-mah-harbls!"

4 Cuz Ceiling Cat sez I wil be a terrer to evrywon! Wif ur own eeys yu wil see dem fall down
 bai teh lite sabers of der nenemys!

5 I wil giv awl teh bukkits to ur nenemys an all teh can openers an evryting yu has!
6 An yu, Majer Pain-in-mah-harbls, an evrywon in ur base wil go to exile in Narnia!
 wer yu wil dyes an b beried in a litter bocks fer tellin lyes! ALL LYES!!

7 "Ceiling Cat yu lyed an i bleevd! Yu pwnd meh an i wuz pwnd hard!
 All teh kittehs mocks meh!

8 I proclaym ur werds an onlee get LOL'd at an smakd in mah fayce!
9 But if I no speeks bout yu, i feel lik i gona 'spload. I no can hol dit in!
{{verse|10=I heer kittehs wisper, "He no kno Ceiling Cat. He crayzee

Jeremiah 20
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Personal tools

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Unicode progress bars

Not exactly sure where I’d ever use these, but I love design exploration and definitely enjoyed playing with this. I could see this as an exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art.

  • Mo

    I use one or two utilities daily that could make helpful use of progress bars if their coding permitted it. If these use fewer resources, perhaps a couple of the less blocky ones could be an option.


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Scotland Area Meeting

Our monthly meetings are open to all, whether you are a Lotus enthusiast, member of the club or just like going out and meeting friends. As well as regular monthly meetings, there are also other local events organised throughout the year by the Scottish group. Join in the discussion at or email the area representative below.

The Scottish area meetings are at the Bo'ness Car Museum, Bridgeness Road, Bo'ness, West Lothian. Second Wednesday of the month from 8:00pm. Bar available and complimentary cup of tea/coffee and Lotus biscuits. For more information contact Jim Grant:


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Gary Milt Littlefield

Jan. 24, 1937 – Sept. 12, 2013

Gary Littlefield
Gary Littlefield

Gary Littlefield, 76, died in St. Vincent Hospital in Billings, after suffering a stroke. A memorial service was held in Providence, Utah, on Monday, Sept. 16, 2013. Burial was in Smithfield Cemetery, Smithfield, Utah.

Gary was born in Orem, Utah, to Milt R. and Helen (Loveless) Littlefield. He attended Orem schools and was active in sports. He attended Brigham Young University, then served an LDS mission in Western Canada. He served in the National Guard until he was honorably discharged.

He married Enid Bassett, daughter of Paul and Leah (Goodrich) Bassett, in 1962 in the Salt Lake Temple, and they had four children, Tianne, Paulynn, Jill and Jason. Gary worked at U.S. Steel in Orem until he took the opportunity to travel to Ahwaz, Iran, to help install and operate that country’s first steel pipe mill.

The family with two young daughters lived in Iran for two years and found it to be a good experience as they traveled to many different areas of the Middle East and the travel involved going to and from the U.S. During the next 40 years Gary worked in the steel industry in Houston and Chicago, and consulted with many foreign steel companies on the start-up of pipe mills in Saudi Arabia, India, Venezuela and Colombia.

Gary, Enid, and Jason lived in Cartagena, Colombia, for over a year, and again traveled to nearby countries and enjoyed the different cultures. He and his wife also served a mission together in Nauvoo, Ill.

Throughout his life Gary enjoyed hunting, fishing and golf. Gary was active in the LDS Church and had a strong love of the scriptures and the gospel. Family was very important to him, and his last gathering with his siblings (three brothers and two sisters) and their spouses in Orem, Utah, this past spring was a highlight of his life.

Gary was very proud of his four children and 13 grandchildren. He would tell anyone who would listen to his stories about the many accomplishments of his children and their families. His family takes comfort in knowing that families are forever and they will be with him again.

Gary was preceded in death by his parents, Milt and Helen Littlefield.

He is survived by his wife, Enid, of Lovell; children Tianne (Jerry) Call of Portland, Polly (Eric) Dotson of Dallas, Jill (Cade) Galloway of Logan and Jason (Meegan) Littlefield of Rexburg; 13 wonderful grandchildren: Alyssa, Spencer (currently serving a mission in Copenhagen, Denmark) and Charise Call, Tyler (returned missionary from Dominican Republic), Jason (currently serving a mission in Guatemala), Megan, Jenna, Katelynn and Melia Dotson, Leah, Carter and McKay Galloway and Keaton Littlefield and his siblings Launa Street, Rick Littlefield, Brent Littlefield, Becky Sumner and Nyal Littlefield.

To send one of our special floral arrangements, please call Valley Flowers & Gifts in Lovell, 307-548-7101


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Target Hybridization

From LPDwiki

Necessary Materials

1. np-Au/planar Au chips immobilized with probe DNA → working electrode

2. Aliquoted target DNA (C = 100 μM, V = 10 μl) for hybridization with probe DNA

3. 20 μM methylene blue (MB)

3. 25 mM Phosphate Buffer (PB)

4. x1 PBS Solution

4. 75 mM MgCl2

6. Platinum wire → counter/auxillary electrode

  • Product Number: 45093
  • 0.25 mm (0.010 in) dia, 99.9% (metals basis) length: 50 cm

7. Reference Electrode

  • Product Number: ET073-1
  • Refillable miniature Ag/AgCl reference electrode

8. Gamry Reference 600 potentiostat

MB Accumulation

1. Place dry DNA probe functionalized electrode [DNA Probe Immobilization] inside the custom-built Teflon electrochemical cell and assemble the cell. Make sure to make connection for the working electrode using platinum wire and make sure to expose unscratched part of np-Au for testing.

2. Wash the el. cell with 150 μl of 25 mM PB.

3. Incubate el. cell with DNA functionalized electrode with 150 μl of 20 μM methylene blue (MB) for 10 minutes.

4. Wash with 25 mM PB after MB (3 x 150 μl) accumulation to remove unbound MB molecules.

5. Fill chamber with 150 μl of electrolyte (usually x1 PBS).

6. Assemble Ag/AgCl reference electrode, platinum wire counter electrode and connect the cell to the Gamry Reference 600 potentiostat.

7. Check the open circuit potential (OCP) to make sure there is electrical continuity between the working and reference electrodes.

  • A high OCP > 1 V indicates a short. This may be due to poor working electrode contact or bubbles in the electrolyte or damaged reference electrode.
  • Start trouble shooting first by refilling electrolyte making sure to remove bubbles. If that doesn’t solve the problem, disassemble the cell and check working electrode contact. If this fails, finally test with a different reference electrode.

8. Measure OCP for 60 s to make sure the system is stable. 10 - 20 mV change in OCP in this 60 s is acceptable.

9. Obtain probe electrochemical signature via square wave voltammetry (SWV) with the following parameters:

• Equilibration time: 30 seconds

• Scan range: 0 to – 500 mV

• Step size: 4 mV (batch mode), 10 mV (microfluidics)

• Amplitude: 40 mV

• Pulse frequency: 18 Hz (unannealed np-Au); 30 Hz (annealed np-Au); 60 Hz (planar Au)

10. Save the first measurement.

Take successive SWV measurements until peak signal depletes to about 65% of the first SWV peak signal (takes about 10-15 SWVs).

  • The baseline subtracted peak current from SWV 1 is used for calibration. Baseline subtracted peak current is obtained by subtracting the capacitive baseline from the redox peak current.

11. IMMEDIATELY rinse the el. cell with 25 mM PB (3 x 150 μl) to remove left-over MB molecules. Incubate the el. cell in 25 mM PB until target hybridization experiments.

Target Hybridization

1. Incubate electrode with the desired concentration target DNA prepared in 25 mM PB containing 50 mM MgCl2 for 35 minutes at 37°C in the oven/incubator.

  • 300 nM or 500 nM DNA target solutions are usually used for incubation.
  • Some PB can be substituted with complex media, such as BSA or whole blood for complex media target hybridization studies.

2. Remove cell from the oven, let it cool for 5 minutes. Rinse with 25 mM PB (3 x 150 μl) to remove unhybridized target DNA.

3. Incubate with MB as described in MB Accumulation section (MB regeneration) and obtain SWV measurements as described above.

4. Hybridization efficiency is estimated from the baseline subtracted peak current of the first SWV scans. Hybridization efficiency = (Iprobe – Itarget/Iprobe) X 100.

5. Repeat steps above at increasing target concentrations to obtain calibration curve.


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Mini launches the new Countryman. Announces new prices for its entire portfolio in India

Gurgaon, 05 August 2015: The new MINI Countryman in here. With a whole new body language and driving dynamics, the MINI Countryman crossover bridges the gap between the classic MINI concept and a contemporary Sports Activity Vehicle.

The go-kart responsiveness, spacious interior of a five-door car and the looks of a Sports Activity Vehicle make this an extremely versatile vehicle with a supreme street presence.

MINI has always remained a style icon and a unique trend-setter with its own heritage and irresistible charm. And the new MINI Countryman retains much of the old, bringing in subtle design modifications to the exterior and interior; and packing in a set of innovative features that add to its charisma and appeal.

The new MINI Countryman has a redesigned hexagonal grille, high ground clearance, short overhangs and large xenon headlights with LED fog lights that give it a distinct and commanding persona. The flared arches and standard 17" alloys add to the presence and stance, and the chrome lines add to the premium appeal.

The interior is familiar MINI and combines retro styling with modern day sophistication. The height adjustable Sports Leather Seats offer a raised seating position that allows easy ingress and egress combined with an optimized driving view. The multifunction Sport Leather Steering Wheel is compact and responsive. The optional 10 speaker 640 watt Harmon Kardon music system, an array of interior colours, trims and upholstery offer a fair degree of customization options to suit both mood and style. The interior space offers more flexibility with a 40:20:40 backseat split and there is an optional panoramic glass-roof as well.

The four-cylinder turbodiesel engine with common-rail injection and variable turbine geometry is responsive and has ample power delivery. An output of 82 kW / 112 hp produces a maximum torque of 270 Nm at 1750-2250 rpm and the car accelerates from 0-100 km/hr in just 11.3 seconds to a top speed of 185 km/hr.

There is also a new six-speed Steptronic transmission that offers exceptional precision and shifting ability. At any time, in any gear, the transmission collaborates perfectly with the engine enabling it to utilize its optimum power and efficiency. Optional paddle shifts give the driver manual control over the proceedings. Standard safety equipment compriss of 6 airbags, 3-point seat belts, Dynamic Stability Control including Dynamic Traction Control, Anti-lock Braking System, Brake Assist and Run-flat indicator.

The new MINI Central Display is the infotainment hub, and optionally available in the 6.5 inch display with Radio MINI Visual Boost. When hooked up to your smartphone it provides a stream of digital information and entertainment, allows you to follow friends on Twitter or check in on Foursquare.

The new MINI Countryman is available at MINI dealerships across India as a CBU (Completely Built-Up) unit from today onwards at an ex-showroom price of INR 36,50,000.

In a related development, MINI has announced new prices for all its variants in India making it a slightly more attractive proposition to own a MINI. The new ex-showroom prices for the rest of the portfolio are:

MINI Cooper D 3 Door: INR 28,50,000
MINI Cooper D 5 Door: INR 31,90,000
MINI Cooper S 3 Door: INR 31,50,000
MINI Cooper Convertible: INR 33,90,000

Mini launches the new Countryman. Announces new prices for its entire portfolio in India Mini launches the new Countryman. Announces new prices for its entire portfolio in India Reviewed by raghav sarma on Thursday, August 06, 2015 Rating: 5

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How to Put up Your Vinyl Wall Art Stickers

Vinyl wall art stickers are becoming an increasingly popular means of decorating homes. This is because they are both very cost efficient, especially when compared to the alternative of having someone come in and paint and decorate by hand, and are incredibly easy to use and to apply. There is an endless variety of wall sticker designs available to order online, and there are even a number of services who will take any existing image that you have and turn it into a vinyl wall sticker for you.

Royalty Free Photo

Finding a vinyl wall sticker design that suits any given room is therefore easy, as long as you are willing to sift through the available options and it is all but guaranteed that you will find something suitable. For example, check for an idea of the variety of options available. Vinyl wall stickers are designed to last a long time; in fact vinyl stickers were originally designed for outdoor use and you are probably most familiar with them as a means of adding artwork or text messages to the side of vehicles.

Because of this, vinyl stickers are incredibly durable and when used outdoors, exposed to the elements, they are expected to last several years. When used indoors, they will last even longer, making them an excellent long-term investment. Because they are so cheap, and because they won’t need replacing for some time, they are a great choice for those who don’t have the funds to commit to a complete home makeover. When the time does come to replace them, it is as easy as peeling them off and putting new ones up.

Below is a quick guide to putting the vinyl stickers you have purchased up in your home.

Plan Ahead

Once you have decided where you want to put your vinyl stickers, and have purchased the appropriate designs, you then need to make sure that the space you want to put them up on is ready. You want to make sure that the surface is as smooth as it can possibly be.If it has recently been painted, then you will want to give it a couple of weeks so that you can be sure that the paint has set completely. As excited as you might be to get your new stickers up, the last thing you want to do is have to take them down again straight away.

It is also a good idea to cut out some images of the wall stickers you are planning to put up and to tape these in place on the wall so that you can be sure of exactly where you will place the stickers when they go up.

Prepare the Sticker for Installation

This step will help to make sure that the sticker sticks properly to the clear transfer tape, this makes it easier to peel away the backing paper. All you need to do for this step is to place your sticker on a flat surface, with the graphic facing up, and then take a flat rubber spatula (not metal), or credit card, or similar object, press down firmly with it and drag it back and forth cross the design until you have covered the entire area.

Peel Off the Backing Paper

Now place the sticker with the design facing down and, starting at one corner, peel the white backing paper off, rolling it as you go. Some graphics are more complicated than others, flat images are the easiest whereas designs that have smaller pieces branching off require a little more care.

Put the Design in Place

You now need to carefully stick your chosen design to the desired area using the sticky side of the transfer tape. Use the object you used earlier to once again press on the sticker and ensure that it is completely flat with any imperfections or air bubbles ironed out.

Peel Back

Now all you need to do is to peel off the clear transfer tape, leaving your design stuck in place. Do this slowly and if the design itself starts to peel away then pause and give it another press against the surface.

That’s it! You should now be looking at your brand-new vinyl wall sticker. Give yourself a pat on the back and take a few moments to enjoy the fruits of your labour.


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Check the Details! HMRC basic error loses £653K

Checking a basic date allowed alert accountants to save their client £653,000 by spotting a simple error, and then successfully challenging HMRC at the First Tier Tax Tribunal.

A recently published Tax Tribunal decision (Mabbutt Vs Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs), was all about the date on a Tax Enquiry Notice sent by HMRC.  The taxman has the right to enquire into a tax return by issuing a valid Enquiry Notice, within certain strict time limits.  The tax officer intended to investigate Mr Mabbutt’s tax return for 2008/09 (i.e. covering the year ended 5 April 2009) as he had included a DOTAS (Disclosure Of Avoidance Scheme) reference number on the tax return for that year. However, the unfortunate taxman sent an Enquiry Notice stating the year ended 6 April 2009, in error.  If the Notice was allowed to stand HMRC were looking to collect an extra £653,000.  The Tax Tribunal judged in the taxpayer’s favour, deciding that a Notice stating 6 April was not valid to cover the year ending 5 April.

In the UK we are taxed according to strict laws laid down by Parliament. Tax inspectors are quick to point to the letter of the law if it helps them collect more money tax.  Tax Investigation specialists have long been aware of the maxim that the devil is in the detail, and always take care to check the basics: to ensure that over-zealous (or under-trained) tax inspectors do not try to impose taxes in situations where Parliament has not authorised it. This case emphasises the importance of making sure that HMRC operates wholly within the strict letter of the law.

What Does It Mean For Me?
In any Tax Investigation or Dispute with HMRC it is crucial to check and test basic matters such as: was the Enquiry Notice issued within time?, Was it properly addressed and served?, Did it cover the correct period?  The same goes for all Information Notices, Tax Assessments, Penalty Determinations etc.  In particular, if HMRC do something subject to a condition (e.g. a time limit, or proving a “discovery”, or proving careless or deliberate behaviour), then it is essential to test if they have met the criteria. If not, they cannot proceed with that line of investigation.

How Can Lynam Tax Enquiry Experts Help Me?
Our tax investigation specialists know the limits of HMRC’s powers; and are adept at ensuring that tax inspectors do not overstep marks laid down by Parliament.  In many cases this can result in substantial savings.  If you are currently undergoing a Tax Enquiry then why not discuss it with one of our tax investigation specialists?

Call today for a free initial consultation:
Paul Lynam: 0845 643 9997
Andrew Nutbrown: 0771 877 8710


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Rehasher – Y.S.C. lyrics

You know I'll always remember the moment it happened
It seems like it's just a second ago
You know I never thought that I would find myself here
Surrounded by noises and busyness
And other people creating stress,
I looked at you and everything seemed silent and clear
Letting go of my fears

Up above the stressful reality
You kept me floating, holding on to me
I never planned on holding back or
Letting these feelings slip thru the cracks
Like when you speak to me without talking
And take me away from here with out walking
And getting caught in your eyes so,

I'm giving up on solidarity
After telling myself that's what I wanted to be
I guess it took this long to see
It seems so simple, you and me
Kinda like a confession to myself
I think about you more than anybody fucking else
I guess it took this long to see
It seems so simple, you and me

You can't build something from nothing
There's gotta be a spark, some light to be caught
And sometimes the focus is off
And the f-stop is wrong and it takes way too long.

You put me at ease when I'm frustrated and
Make me feel new when I thought I was jaded
And ysc is what you say to me

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Employment Opportunities

Job Postings

“Macedonia businesses only”
can now submit their job postings to this web site.

If you are a business located in the “Macedonia area only” you can send us the information about the job that is available. Please include all of the information necessary, including your contact information. Click here to Post a Macedonia Job.

Help Wanted

Available jobs in the “Macedonia area only” that are looking for people. Click here for Job Listings.


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IBM Rational Rhapsody Developer Rules Player Add On - Fixed Term License (1 year) + Software Subscription and Support - 1 floating user - Passport - level BL - Linux, Win (D09BPLL-BL)

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IBM Lotus Connections - License + 1 Year Software Subscription and Support - 1 value unit - Passport Advantage Express - Linux, Win (D615JLL)

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IBM ILOG Elixir Enterprise Org Chart Deployment - Software Subscription and Support Renewal ( 1 year ) - 1 authorized user - Passport Advantage Express - Linux, Win, Mac (E0C9BLL)

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City of Madison, AL - Home Page

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City News Releases

Posted on: February 8, 2018

Galaxy 15 Cinema - Sidewalk Construction

The City of Madison would like to inform residents that as of Tuesday, February 13th, 2018 the construction of new sidewalk in front of the Galaxy 15 Cinema along Brogans Way and Hughes Road will begin. This work will take approximately 4 weeks to complete, weather permitting.

We ask that motorists be aware of this work and proceed with caution.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact the City of Madison Engineering Department at 256-772-2565 or by email at

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Commercial Auto Class codes

July 18, 2017
Commercial Truck Insurance

Perhaps you have wondered how your commercial automobile insurer calculates the premiums it costs for your auto obligation and actual damage coverages? Many insurers stick to the commercial car score procedures established by the Insurance Services Office (ISO). They're summarized the following.

Rating Territory

Insurers or score companies often separate says into subdivisions called rating territories. Rating regions differ from one another considering particular traits. For instance, one territory might mainly outlying while another is metropolitan. Similarly, one area can be found near a coastline while another area is based inland. Rating regions reflect variations in risk, therefore the rates in one territory are greater or lower than those charged in another. Remember that the rating territory has actually nothing at all to do with the coverage territory into the plan.

Fleet Versus non-Fleet

Under a commercial auto policy, cars tend to be subject to either fleet or non-fleet prices.

The fleet prices are typically lower than non-fleet rates. A fleet usually comes with five or more self-propelled autos. A trailer is certainly not self-propelled so trailers aren't counted in determining whether your vehicles constitute a fleet. If you should ben't certain whether your vehicles tend to be ranked as a fleet, consult your agent.

Size Course

There are 2 fundamental forms of cars utilized for business: personal passenger type autos (cars); and trucks, tractors and trailers. Automobiles in the second group tend to be subdivided into size classes according to gross automobile fat (GVW). The GVW depends upon producer. It will be the fat of truck whenever filled to its capacity with people and cargo. According to its GVW, a truck may be classified as light, method, heavy or extra-heavy (see the table below). As an example, a little pick-up vehicle would be classified as a light vehicle. A large trash truck, on the other hand, might be considered as an extra-heavy truck.

Size Class Gross Car Body Weight (Weight)
Light Truck To 10, 000
Moderate Truck 10, 001 to 20, 000
Heavy Truck 20, 001 to 45, 000
Extra-Heavy Truck Over 45, 000
Heavy Truck-Tractor Up to 45, 000 (GCW)
Extra-Heavy Truck-Tractor Over 45, 000 (GCW)

From a liability perspective, big vehicles are more dangerous than tiny ones. For example, suppose that an extra-heavy trash truck and a pickup vehicle tend to be traveling the same rate. Each vehicle operates an end sign and rear-ends a private traveler vehicle. Which vehicle may cause much more harm? Since the garbage vehicle has actually a much greater mass compared to the pickup, the likelihood is resulting in considerably more injury to a vehicle than a pickup vehicle.

A sizable truck can also be much more likely than a small someone to trigger extreme physical injury to individuals. Into the preceding instance, the trash truck is more likely compared to the vehicle to injure guests within the exclusive traveler car. Thus, as dimensions (gross vehicle weight) of a truck increases, the rate charged for liability protection increases and.

The weight of truck-tractors is expressed when it comes to gross mixed fat (GCW). This is basically the body weight of a completely filled tractor in addition to truck combined; it includes the weight of people and cargo.

Utilize Course

Vehicles are assigned an use course. Your options tend to be service, retail and commercial. A truck is categorized as a service use vehicle in case it is parked for most for the time. For instance, a plumbing specialist has three pickup trucks that business staff members used to happen to be work internet sites. The vehicles are classified as solution use simply because they spend much of the afternoon sitting at employment website. A truck is classed as retail if it's regularly collect or provide home to or from individual families. An illustration is a truck employed by a dry cleaner for delivering garments to individual houses. A truck is categorized as commercial usage if it does not qualify for either solution or retail usage.

Service automobiles tend to be charged lower liability premiums than retail or commercial usage cars. Similarly, retail usage cars are usually recharged lower liability premiums than commercial use cars.

Mercedes E-Class Commercial
Mercedes E-Class Commercial
Commercial Auto Rating
Commercial Auto Rating
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Clever cumin

December 28, 2006

jeera-chicken-small.jpgDid you all have good Christmases? Mine had all the makings of a traditional festive session – drunkenness, senility and a verbal catfight. And lots and lots of eating, of course.

Having finally settled back into work and realised the true meaning of the second box of chocolate bicuits I consumed – I am now thinking hard about the get-back-to-shape diet.

I have memories of my mother permanently dieting throughout my childhood. She was always coming up with devious ways of serving up low calorie Indian feasts without us noticing.

One trick she used with recipes was to marinade the meat beforehand to tenderise it and give it more flavour. The other was to not use onions because they soak up all the oil when they brown.

Jeera chicken uses both clever techniques. The marinating does add to cooking time, but let’s be honest – all it requires is for the chicken to be left sitting in a corner after five minutes of fussing. Also, without the onion you don’t get a gloopy curry sauce.

I made this for hubby and he licked the plate clean. This recipe serves two very hungry people and is best served with roti:

4 tbsp thick Greek yoghurt
500gms of chicken, roughly 2 thighs and 2 drumsticks
1 tsp whole cummin
2 tsp jeera powder
Quarter tsp chilli powder
Quarter tsp turmeric powder
4 cloves garlic
1″ ginger
Quarter tsp garam masala
1 tbsp sunflower oil

Make deep gashes along the sides of the chicken. Marinate the chicken pieces in the yoghurt and cummin powder for an hour. Chop finely or puree the ginger and garlic.

After an hour, heat the oil and when hot add the ginger and garlic. When they start turning brown, add the whole cummin, the turmeric and chilli powders. The cummin will sizzle up and when it does, add the chicken along with the marinade.

Fry for a few minutes on either side and when slightly brown, lower the flame, cover and simmer until cooked. Only add water if the chicken starts sticking to the pan. This dish is cooked in the yoghurt and the chicken’s own juices.

Add salt to taste and serve hot.

16 Responses to “Clever cumin”

  1. Lakita Suber Says:

    August 8th, 2011 at 10:56 pm

    I absolutely understand everything you have stated. In reality, I browsed through your additional blogposts and I believe you’re definitely right. Best wishes with this site.

  2. The Cook Says:

    June 14th, 2011 at 2:38 am

    I made this with chicken breasts instead of thighs and we had it on pita breads. Fantastic! Will be making it again (sans chilli) for my little one!

  3. sb Says:

    September 19th, 2010 at 6:38 pm

    The fiance calls this one a revelation. I second that motion.

  4. Flit Says:

    April 15th, 2009 at 8:27 am

    I can’t recall how I found this recipe, but we just made this and it is completely delicious.

  5. anj Says:

    January 31st, 2009 at 5:39 am

    its nice u no. thnx 4 dat

  6. Mike Says:

    December 19th, 2008 at 11:37 pm

    Mallika if this is dieting I can’t wait to start! I love all food and I’m happy to have found your blog!

  7. Nancy Nicosia Says:

    July 26th, 2008 at 7:03 am

    This was wonderful – I’m Italian but I love Indian food at restaurants. I’ll be back often to learn to cook Indian at home.

  8. Quick Indian Cooking » Comedy value for chickpea salad Says:

    June 14th, 2008 at 2:07 am

    […] Tikka Masala has no place my kitchen – self-respecting Indian and weight watcher as I am. Give me a jeera chicken served with some lemony channa (chickpea) salad, any […]

  9. Mallika Says:

    January 2nd, 2007 at 2:42 am

    Nanie – the yoghurt tenderises the chicken and gives it a lot more flavour. And David jeera is cummin. Cooking chicken in this and very little else is superb. This recipe comes with a rare Mallika quick and yummy guarantee…

  10. sra Says:

    January 2nd, 2007 at 2:34 am

    Hi Mallika! You have a nice style, engaging and made me smile.

  11. Nidhi Says:

    January 1st, 2007 at 1:40 pm

    Nice recipe Mallika and great pic too!

    Here’s Wishing you a very Happy New Year. May God bless you and your family with all the happy things in this coming year.

    Cheers, Nidhi.

  12. Priya Says:

    December 31st, 2006 at 3:58 pm

    Jeera chicken looks delicious !

    Wishing peace, health, and happiness in 2007 and always. Happy New year to you and your family !

  13. mandira Says:

    December 30th, 2006 at 7:57 am

    Mallika, the jeera chicken sounds amazing. I am looking forward to making it soon. Happy Holidays and have a wonderful new year!

  14. CookingChat Says:

    December 30th, 2006 at 3:24 am

    This sounds very tasty! Jeera is not a spice I’m familiar with–is it a blend or a single spice? I’ll have to stop by our local Indian grocery to find it and make this!

    BTW, don’t know if your quick cooking includes making creative use of leftovers, but I’m hosting a new “Leftover Tuesdays” event in January, would love to see what you’d come up with for it. Details over on

    Happy New Year!

  15. Meena Says:

    December 29th, 2006 at 9:25 pm

    Happy New Year to you and your family, Mallika!! Hope you all have a great time ahead!

  16. starsapphire Says:

    December 28th, 2006 at 5:52 pm

    Thanks for the recipe Mallika :)

    What does yoghurt do to the chicken during marination? Does it help to tenderise the chicken?

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A Generation Xer's caregiving journey

Category Archives: Technology

Did you know what happend to…?

This is how our conversations normally start when there’s bad news. As soon as I got in from a long day on the road, I had to use Skype on my iPod to call my Grandmother because my Blackberry ran out of charge.

Its just like if I was supposed to “hear it” from an Apple device.

Gram’s getting more hip to the tech news. I know I created a monster, but I didn’t think she will be “in the know” like 85% of the time. Not bad at all for an octogenarian.


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Should every school drug search be considered reasonable?

One June 1, a Sheriff and 29 deputies shut down a high school for four hours and searched virtually all 900 students. The searches were quite intrusive, with at least one boy reporting that his genitals were cupped or groped. Girls reported officers putting fingers inside their bras and underwear. It was confusing and upsetting to everyone, but especially to the special education students.

The Sheriff's office came to the school planning to target 13 students, but the sheer number of officers implies they always intended to perform the mass search.

Can they do that? Should they do that?

It's not at all clear that law enforcement has the right to perform a mass search at all, much less an intimate search on students who aren't suspected of any crime. A civil lawsuit has been filed on behalf of some of the affected kids.

Here's what we know about the legality of searches in schools.

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is supposed to keep us free from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. Law enforcement is expected to be careful when stopping, frisking, examining the belongings of, or arresting anyone. All of those are considered searches and, depending on the circumstances, could be reasonable or unreasonable.

Whether a search is reasonable isn't a technical legal question but one ordinary people can answer. The courts usually gauge the issue on a couple of factors: whether the officer had a specific, articulable reason to suspect the person searched, and whether the situation was one in which a reasonable person would have expected privacy.

A wrinkle in this area of law is that the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in two 1980s cases that students legally have "a lesser expectation of privacy" in the school environment than do people in the population at large. "Lesser" doesn't mean they have no expectation of privacy, and it seems unlikely a court would say that students have no Fourth Amendment rights at all.

However, those were cases in which school administrators, not law enforcement, performed the searches. In this case, it's clear the mass search was carried out by the Sheriff's office, although school administrators were present at some or all of the searches. It's not clear whether the school principal or administrators gave permission for the searches or simply stood by while it took place.

Moreover, it's amazing that nearly 900 students could be searched -- rather intimately -- merely because a small number were suspected of drug activity.

Do you think the police should be allowed to shut down a school for half a day in order to search students they don't even suspect of a crime? If they can, should they?

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Home Motor Control Power Factor Power Factor Correction

Capacitive Power Factor Correction

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Power Factor Correction.

Capacitive Power Factor correction (Power Factor Compensation) is applied to circuits which include induction motors as a means of reducing the inductive component of the current and thereby reduce the losses in the supply. There should be no effect on the operation of the motor itself.

In the interest of reducing the losses in the distribution system, power factor correction is added to neutralize a portion of the magnetizing current of the motor. Typically, the corrected power factor will be 0.92 - 0.95 Some power retailers offer incentives for operating with a power factor of better than 0.9, while others penalize consumers with a poor power factor. There are many ways that this is metered, but the net result is that in order to reduce wasted energy in the distribution system, the consumer will be encouraged to apply power factor correction.

Power factor correction is achieved by the addition of capacitors in parallel with the connected motor circuits and can be applied at the starter, or applied at the switchboard or distribution panel. The resulting capacitive current is leading current and is used to cancel the lagging inductive current flowing from the supply.

Corrected Current Vectors

Capacitors connected at each starter and controlled by each starter is known as "Static Power Factor Correction" while capacitors connected at a distribution board and controlled independently from the individual starters is known as "Bulk Power Factor Correction".

Capacitor selection.

Static Power factor correction must neutralize no more than 80% of the magnetizing current of the motor. If the correction is too high, there is a high probability of over correction which can result in equipment failure with severe damage to the motor and capacitors. Unfortunately, the magnetizing current of induction motors varies considerably between different motor designs. The magnetizing current is almost always higher than 20% of the rated full load current of the motor, but can be as high as 60% of the rated current of the motor. Most power factor correction is too light due to the selection based on tables which have been published by a number of sources. These tables assume the lowest magnetizing current and quote capacitors for this current. In practice, this can mean that the correction is often less than half the value that it should be, and the consumer is unnecessarily penalized.
Power factor correction must be correctly selected based on the actual motor being corrected. The Electrical Calculations software provides two methods of calculating the correct value of KVAR correction to apply to a motor. The first method requires the magnetizing current of the motor. Where this figure is available, then this is the preferred method. Where the magnetizing current is not available, the second method is employed and is based on the half load power factor and efficiency of that motor. These figures are available from the motor data sheets.

For example:
Motor A is a 200 KW 6 pole motor with a magnetizing current of 124A. From tables, the correction applied would be 37KVAR. From the calculations, this would require a correction of 68.7 KVAR
Motor B is a 375KW 2 pole motor with a half load efficiency of 93.9% and a half load power factor of 0.805, the correction recommended by the tables is 44 KVAR while the calculations reveal that the correction should be 81.3KVAR

Supply Harmonics.

Harmonics on the supply cause a higher current to flow in the capacitors. This is because the impedance of the capacitors goes down as the frequency goes up. This increase in current flow through the capacitor will result in additional heating of the capacitor and reduce it's life. The harmonics are caused by many non linear loads, the most common in the industrial market today, are the variable speed controllers and switchmode power supplies. Harmonic voltages can be reduced by the use of a harmonic compensator, which is essentially a large inverter that cancells out the harmonics. This is an expensive option. Passive harmonic filters comprising resistors, inductors and capacitors can also be used to reduce harmonic voltages. This is also an expensive exersize.
In order to reduce the damage caused to the capacitors by the harmonic currents, it is becomming common today to install detuning reactors in series with the power factor correction capacitors. These reactors are designed to make the correction circuit inductive to the higher frequency harmonics. Typically, a reactor would be designed to create a resonant circuit with the capacitors above the third harmonic, but sometimes it is below. (Never tuned to a harmonic frequency!!) Adding the inductance in series with the cpacitors will reduce their effective impedance at the supply frequency. Reducing the resonant or tuned frequency will reduce the the effective impedance further. The object is to make the circuit look as inductive as possible at the 5th harmonic and higher, but as capacitive as possible at the fundemental frequency. Detuning reactors will also reduce the chance of the tuned circuit formed by the capacitors and the inductive supply being resonant on a supply harmonic frequency, thereby reducing damage due to supply resonances amplifying harmonic voltages caused by non linear loads.

Detuning Reactors.

Detuning reactors are connected in series with power factor correction capacitors to reduce harmonic currents and to ensure that the series resonant frequency does not occur at a harmonic of the supply frequency.
The reactors are usually chosen and rated as either 5% or 7% reactors. This means that at the line frequency, the capacitive reactance is reduced by 5% or 7%.
Using detuning reactors results in a lower impedance, increasing the current, so the capacitance will need to be reduced for the same level of correction.
When detuning reactors are used in installations with high harmonic voltages, there can be a high resultant voltage across the capacitors. This necessitates the use of capacitors that are designed to operate at a high sustained voltage. Capacitors designed for use at line voltage only, should not be used with detuning reactors. Check the suitability of the capacitors for use with line reactors before installation.
The detuning reactors can dissipate a lot of heat. The enclosure must be well ventillated, typically forced air cooled.
The detuning reactor must be specified to match the KVAR of the capacitance selected. The reactor would typically be rated as 12.5KVAR 5% meaning that it is a 5% reactor to connect to a 12.5KVAR capacitor.

detuned capacitors

Supply Resonance.

Capacitive Power factor correction connected to a supply causes resonance between the supply and the capacitors. If the fault current of the supply is very high, the effect of the resonance will be minimal, however in a rural installation where the supply is very inductive and can be a high impedance, the resonances can be very severe resulting in major damage to plant and equipment. Voltage surges and transients of several times the supply voltage are not uncommon in rural areas with weak supplies, especially when the load on the supply is low. As with any resonant system, a transient or sudden change in current will result in the resonant circuit ringing, generating a high voltage. The magnitude of the voltage is dependant on the 'Q' of the circuit which in turn is a function of the circuit loading. One of the problems with supply resonance is that the 'reaction' is often well removed from the 'stimulus' unlike a pure voltage drop problem due to an overloaded supply. This makes fault finding very difficult and often damaging surges and transients on the supply are treated as 'just one of those things'.
To minimize supply resonance problems, there are a few steps that can be taken, but they do need to be taken by all on the particular supply.
1) Minimize the amount of power factor correction, particularly when the load is light. The power factor correction minimizes losses in the supply. When the supply is lightly loaded, this is not such a problem.
2) Minimize switching transients. Eliminate open transition switching - usually associated with generator plants and alternative supply switching, and with some electromechanical starters such as the star/delta starter.
3) Switch capacitors on to the supply in lots of small steps rather than a few large steps.
4) Switch capacitors on o the supply after the load has been applied and switch off the supply before or with the load removal.

Power Factor correction is not applied to circuits that draw either discontinuous or distorted current waveforms.

Most electronic equipment includes a means of creating a DC supply. This involves rectifying the AC voltage, causing harmonic currents. In some cases, these harmonic currents are insignificant relative to the total load current drawn, but in many installations, a large proportion of the current drawn is rich in harmonics. If the total harmonic current is large enough, there will be a resultant distortion of the supply waveform which can interfere with the correct operation of other equipment. The addition of harmonic currents results in increased losses in the supply. This results in distortion powerfactor

Power factor correction for distorted supplies can not be achieved by the addition of capacitors. The harmonics can be reduced by designing the equipment using active rectifiers, by the addition of passive filters (LCR) or by the addition of electronic power factor correction inverters which restore the waveform back to its undistorted state. This is a specialist area requiring either major design changes, or specialized equipment to be used.

Power Factor Introduction
Displacement Power Factor
Power Factor Correction
Bulk Correction
Static Correction
Power Factor Calculations
Distortion Power Factor

Last Updated ( Wednesday, 06 April 2011 22:48 )


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