text:
UCLA Labor Center

Labor Center Q&A: Vlad Ghica

The Dream Resource Center would like to welcome Vlad Stoicescu Ghica! He is the new Logistics Coordinator for the Dream Summer Fellowship. At 23, Vlad is an avid runner and NBA fan with a nerdy side. Read on to find out what he has to say.

Do you have any personal connection to the undocumented community?

I’m undocumented, I currently have DACA. I’m originally from Romania; I came to the US when I was 9 years-old with my single mother. We came on a visitor’s visa. She was promised work here by a company that said they were going to sponsor us and take care of our papers. As it turns out, they were lying to her and we fell out of status.

We have a decent amount of family here that are citizens. They actually came to the US in the 70s and 80s under asylum provisions and they got taken care of because they fled the country at the time. They are very non-supportive of my mom and I being here and very much shutting us out. They’re immigrants, but they’ve forgotten their background. There also isn’t a larger community of Romanian folks that we could connect with. So, we’ve just always been on our own — it was just me and my mom growing up. Growing up, my mom worked multiple jobs at a time, housekeeping, cleaning, cooking. My mother is very educated — she used to be an attorney in Romania.

What would you say are specific struggles undocumented Eastern Europeans face?

It’s such a niche group that it is rare that you connect with each other, that you encounter each other. Either people stay silent about their status or something will happen that helps them resolve their papers a little bit easier, but they usually don’t identify themselves as undocumented. I think this is mostly because of the Latino-centric lens that the media pushes on the undocumented experience.

When you’re white or white-passing, you acknowledge the privilege you have when you step into a university or institutional space. That gives you a lot of advantages that other folks don’t have, and it shows in the way that people within the institution itself treat you. On the flip side of that, I think you get a lot less exposed to the existing support systems, you don’t really see yourself as being part of this greater issue that is affecting other folks, and, as a result, you don’t end up with a concentrated sense of community around these issues.

What’s the biggest difference between living here and living in Romania? Do you remember?

The first thing I noticed when I was a little kid was that people live in houses here rather than apartment flats in tall apartment buildings like in the city where I’m from, Bucharest, or in most of Europe, really. So when I got here I walked into somebody’s home in the US and thought, “Wow, this place is huge!”

Also, the diversity here is a huge difference. It is really wonderful that there are people from all sorts of different backgrounds and perspectives. That’s not something that I really grew up with, so those are things that I’ve come to appreciate about being here.

How did you find out you were undocumented?

I kind of always knew. I don’t know if there’s a specific instance, but my mom was always very open about what was going on with me because it was just the two of us. She would be like, “So, this is the deal – we don’t have papers right now. Be very very careful. This is what we are dealing with.” This happened when I was in the fourth grade. So, in that respect, it wasn’t a shock to me. The way I reacted to it was by being really safe, by watching out for things, by not talking to cops, by doing well in school, by not getting in trouble, because if they found out I didn’t have papers they could deport me or something. It’s weird to grow up like that as a kid. It’s always there, for better or worse.

How’s your mom doing?

She’s okay. She’s living out in the San Fernando Valley, working, still under the table. She does all sorts of stuff right now, like bookkeeping, cooking food or catering, sometimes she works as a nanny for certain families. I think the hardest part for her is that she’s getting older now. She’s feeling very alone because I’m not necessarily there right now. She can’t go home to see her mom who is very sick and by herself in Romania. Both my mom and my grandma’s health is starting to require more attention. She is scared on occasion because nobody knows what’s going to happen with raids and ICE and all that stuff. But she’s doing better. She’s a very strong person. She’s the kind of person that would really be able to take care of herself under any circumstances, but it has taken a toll on her, too.

Tell me a little bit about your position, how long you have had it, and how you plan to bring your experiences into your work.

When I came to UCLA in 2011 as a student, I connected with IDEAS, the undocumented student organization at UCLA. After that, I went to the Immigrant Youth Empowerment Conference IDEAS puts on every year, and I thought to myself, “Wow, I didn’t know that I wasn’t the only one going through this,” which was a huge relief, but also a call to action. So, in future years, I went on to organize and negotiate funding for a lot of resources for undocumented students on campus and to lobby and advocate for our efforts.

My work in IDEAS was very similar in terms of the preparation you have to do for event planning, programing, special considerations, and how to outreach and advocate for this particular program. Those are all lessons that I learned when I was in school, so I feel fairly confident in the tools that I’m bringing. I think my goal for Dream Summer is to not only support the work that has been done, but to continue to push the program to be as valuable as possible to the applicants, to the people it’s meant to serve, and try to build upon it because it’s growing every year.

Is there anything in particular that you are looking forward to in working with the Dream Resource Center?

Just being in this space is awesome, and so is getting a chance to learn from the people that are typically here in the DRC. They’ve always been folks that I have looked up to, and I’ve done my best to follow in their footsteps. Something really specific that I am looking forward to this year is the closing retreat for this year’s Dream Summer Fellowship. It’s going to be in August, and at that point we are going to be three months into the general election. There will be a Supreme Court decision out on DAPA and DACA. A lot of this stuff is going to be moving forward, so I think the retreat will be a great and energetic place to discuss these developments, both positive and negative.

Interview and story by Vanessa Moreno


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/html

WARC-Type: response

text:
Online Casinos Are the Best Place for Newbie to Play

Online casinos are a good time for all players, yet they can be particularly pleasant for beginners. Newbie are commonly unpracticed speculators thus they frequently endure gigantic misfortunes. Playing in online casinos can help keep beginners from being exploited or losing huge. Online casinos are likewise an incredible method to rehearse for genuine casinos. Novices for the most part have next to no information about numerous casino games. The absence of information regularly brings about enormous betting misfortunes. Online casinos are an extraordinary spot for amateurs on the grounds that numerous online casinos offer itemized depictions of various games. Some casino games may appear to be excessively entangled; however numerous online casinos offer portrayals that are straightforward. Game guidance can at times start from the essential components and directors of the game to the most developed strategies for wagering and winning. Also, other online casinos offer tips and systems for being more fruitful in a game.

Online Casino

Likewise, players can once in a while go to games that are explicitly for new card sharks. This is an extraordinary method to become familiar with the nuts and bolts of a game without suffering immense money related punishments for having an absence of information about the game. Genuine casinos are exceptionally fun, yet for new players, they can be somewhat overpowering. For somebody who is keen on inevitably messing around in a genuine สล็อตโรม่า, playing in online casinos is a practical choice. Perusing the nuts and bolts about a wide range of games and having the option to play from your own house is an extraordinary bit of leeway. The earth is not as high-pressure as in an ordinary casino and along these lines new players can concentrate more upon the job that needs to be done. Numerous players have various methodologies and being presented to however many diverse playing styles as could be expected under the circumstances permits beginners to be more ready.

At last, online casinos are an extraordinary comfort for unpracticed players on account of an inviting domain. Playing online games with others is an extraordinary route for new players to make numerous companions. A few casinos can be freezing but since of the sheer measure of online casino individuals, players can meet various sorts of individuals. Online ทดลองเล่นสล็อต roma betting can be a fun and conceivably monetarily compensating experience. Online casinos are an incredible spot for beginners in light of the fact that numerous online casinos have pages with itemized clarifications about each game, just as essential procedure. In online casinos, new players can meet different players from around the globe and talk about things like technique. It is consistently intense for an amateur, however online casinos make it simpler and more amusing to bet.

warcinfo:
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-31
publisher: Common Crawl
description: Wide crawl of the web for July/August 2021
operator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)
hostname: ip-10-67-67-15.ec2.internal
software: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)
robots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)
format: WARC File Format 1.1
conformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/


text:
[suffusion-widgets id=’3′]

A: In Pennsylvania medical malpractice cases involving surgical or medical devices, the statute of limitations is generally two years from the date of the negligent act. However, a special exception to the rule often applies in these kinds of cases. Under the discovery rule, a patient who has suffered medical negligence relating to a medical device has two years from the date they discover the negligence to file suit.

In cases where a medical device was implanted or removed negligently, the patient often does not discover the cause of the negligence until months, if not years later. Many people who need medical devices often have medical conditions which may mask the symptoms caused by the negligent implantation or removal.

For example, in a case where a stent is implanted improperly in 2007, the patient might not discover that the cause of their symptoms/pain is the negligently implanted stent until 2010, well after the 2 year statute of limitations has expired. So long as the patient shows due diligence in trying to uncover the cause of the symptoms/pain, the discovery rule will toll the statute of limitations to allow the patient to file suit within 2 years after the discovery was made. Therefore in this example, the discovery rule would toll the statute of limitations until 2012.

Related Pennsylvania Medical Malpractice Statute of Limitations Legal Articles:

For more information, contact a Pennsylvania medical malpractice and surgical error lawyer.

Our medical malpractice attorneys serve victims in the following areas: Allegheny County, PA; Berks County, PA; Bucks County, PA; Chester County, PA; Delaware County, PA; Lehigh County, PA; Montgomery County, PA; Northampton County, PA: Philadelphia County, PA; Atlantic County, NJ; Burlington County, NJ; Camden County, NJ; Cumberland County, NJ; Gloucester County, NJ; Salem County, NJ; New Castle County, DE; Kent County, DE; Atlantic City, NJ; Philadelphia, PA; Pittsburgh, PA; Newark, NJ; Doylestown, PA; Media, PA; West Chester, PA; Norristown, PA; Camden, NJ; Wilmington, DE; Newark, DE; Georgetown, DE; and New Castle, DE. Our lawyers can obtain special admission in other states on a case by case basis.

**This website does not provide legal advice. Every case is unique and it is crucial to get a qualified, expert legal opinion prior to making any decisions about your case. See the full disclaimer at the bottom of this page.

Published: August 13, 2012


text:
skip to Main Content

Grow healthy fruits and veggies and support Lakeview!

It's nearly planting season!Plantables School Fundraiser

Lakeview School Council is very excited to announce that we’ve chosen to be a part of the Plantables School Fundraising Program for 2021. Plantables is a local company that ships healthy fruit and vegetable plants straight to your door. Last year, with everyone at home, there was a shortage of plants. We don’t want you to miss out this year!

Support Lakeview and get your garden growing in 3 easy steps:

  1. Visit to build a kit or order individual plants.
  2. Choose your delivery date.
  3. Use the code LAKEVIEW at checkout and Lakeview Council will receive a portion of the proceeds.

Anyone can order, so please share with your friends and family!

Who are Plantables?

Plantables are an exciting new startup based in Forest, Ontario that grow healthy, hardy and happy fruit and vegetable plants and ship them to arrive at your door exactly when they need to go into the ground. That means that no matter how busy you are, how unsuccessful you’ve been at growing plants before or how many little hands want to help out, you’ll be able to grow brag-worthy fruits and veggies in no time. All you have to do is pick what plants you want to grow, choose when you want them delivered and wait for your box of garden-ready plants to arrive on your doorstep.

Back To Top


text:
LakewoodOHRecruiter Since 2001
the smart solution for Lakewood jobs

Airport Fashion Retail Associate - Lakewood, OH, United States

Company: Hudson Group
Location: Lakewood
Posted on: July 20, 2021

Job Description:

Located at Lakewood, OH, United States

Grow With Us!

Hudson is North America's leading travel retailer. For over 30 years, Hudson has met the needs and wants of travelers in more than 1,000 duty-free, duty-paid, and food & beverage stores. We couldn't serve our customers, landlords, and partners in airports, commuter terminals, hotels, and casinos without the continued support of our greatest assets: our team members. We're dedicated to hiring and training exceptional team members, who are committed to serving the customer as the Traveler's Best Friend. We strive to ensure we're fulfilling our team members' career potentials through training, skills-development, and career pathways - as our team members grow and succeed both personally and professionally, so does Hudson.

What We Will Offer You:
• A seasonal rate of pay of $15 per hour
• A one-time $300 hiring bonus
• A 20% off Hudson Employee Discount
• A 50% off Hudson Food & Beverage Discount
• Parking and Transit reimbursement

This Specialty Sales Associate Job Is For You, If You Would Enjoy:
• Helping others, understanding a customer's needs, and in turn provide an amazing customer service experience while having fun doing it
• Working at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport

Your Team is counting on you as a Specialty Sales Associate to:
• Work any day of the week, including weekends and holidays
• Work the Morning (6am-2pm) or Evening shift (2-10/11pm)
• Work a full-time schedule
• Work in one of our Specialty stores: Sunglass Hut, Game Day Sports, or Rock Hall of Fame

Specialty Sales Associate Key Accountabilities:
• Provide timely, welcoming, personal, professional, and consistent service to all customers that exceeds their expectations
• Act as ambassadors of the brand, ensuring that all customers have a pleasant shopping experience
• Assist customers with product/services selection and information
• Know individual and store sales targets for every working shift
• Maintain high energy and professional manner at all times
• Service multiple customers using outstanding customer service standards
• Responsible for name capture and customer relationship and after sales service
• Manage transactions at the cash register with accuracy and efficiency
• Communicate product knowledge to customers
• Participate and contribute in daily briefings, staff meetings
• Maintain the store, store organization, and visual display and store sets
• Keep inventory organization and integrity in transactions while displaying all current merchandise at all times
• Process product shipments and transfers
• Participate in and complete any product knowledge training
• Complete the Dufry +1 and Out in Front associate training certification program
• Assist in onboarding and training of new associates

Required Qualifications:
• Comply with company dress code
• Exhibit passion and pride for the brand in every area of responsibility
• Ability to lift at least 40lbs
• Execute 5 Customer Service Standards at all times:
• Greet the customer
• Offer assistance to each and every customer
• Ask lifestyle questions to suggest appropriate product
• Provide quick and accurate service
• Thank the customer each and every time
• More than 2 years of retail experience in high-end fashion retail or specialty store
• High School Diploma or equivalent
• Only those with a high-end, specialty, or department store retail background will be considered

Some of our company-offered benefits for you and your family include:
• Health & Well Being: Medical/Dental/Vision Insurance
• Paid Time Off
• Various Personal and Parental Leave Programs
• Universal Life Insurance
• Retirement Programs & Matching Employee Contributions: 401K & RRSP
• Employee Discount of 20%
• Employee Recognition & Anniversary Programs
• Training, Development, and Growth Opportunities
• Tuition Assistance & Scholarship Programs

Hudson is an Equal Opportunity Employer of all qualified individuals. All employment decisions are made without regard to age, race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, citizenship, disability, military leave or veteran status, genetic information, or any other status protected by applicable federal, state or local law. We are committed to creating an inclusive workplace in which we value diversity and unique experiences, backgrounds and identities.

All offers are contingent upon successful completion and passing of background checks and/or employment verification results.

Note to staffing agencies: Please do not contact Hudson (including the recruitment team or any hiring managers) regarding this position with candidates. If assistance is needed in filling any position for Hudson, a member of our recruiting team will reach out directly. #AF123

Keywords: Hudson Group, Lakewood , Airport Fashion Retail Associate - Lakewood, OH, United States, Other , Lakewood, Ohio

Click here to apply!

Didn't find what you're looking for? Search again!

I'm looking for
in category

Log In or Create An Account

Get the latest Ohio jobs by following @recnetOH on Twitter!

Lakewood RSS job feeds


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

text:
Unai equals the Trappatoni myth: one hundred nights of Europa League

Emery will become in the round of 16 tie in the coach in history with the most matches directed in the second continental competition.

Unai Emery led his 100th game in the second European competition on Thursday, leading eight UEFA games, six in previous rounds, and a total of 86 Europa League games. A hundred games that the coach recognizes as a great number, to which is added having equaled Giovanni Trappatoni, who until yesterday was the coach with the most matches directed in this second competition.

The Basque coach recognized it as "an honor to equal a legend like Don Giovanni Trappatoni with 100 games in this wonderful competition," he stated on his twitter profile.

In addition, Emery is together with the Italian coach, the one who has won the UEFA or Europa League the most times, winning three each. The Spanish coach won three with Sevilla FC (13-14, 14-15 and 15-16), while the Italian did it twice with Juventus (76-77 and 92-93), and with Inter Milan (90-91) .

Emery has 100 managed matches in which he has added 60 wins, 26 draws and only 14 losses. A series of matches that are divided into with 27 wins, 10 draws and 6 losses with Sevilla; 13 wins, 13 draws and four defeats with Valencia; 14 wins, 2 draws and 4 losses with Arsenal; and the 6 wins, 1 draw and no losses with Villarreal.

While the records of Trappatoni are counted with fifty-seven victories, sixteen draws and twenty-seven defeats. Some records that the Italian coach reached directing Juventus, Inter Milan, Fiorentina, Sttutgart, Red Bull Salzburg, Benfica and Bayer Munich.

The Villarreal manager has already ensured that he surpasses Trappatoni in matches, while he is still in the fight to win his fourth Europa League, which would leave him alone at the top of that ranking as the most successful manager.

Photos from as.com

Powered by Blogger.


text:
Interim B.C. Liberal leader Shirley Bond questions the NDP government in the legislature, Feb. 19, 2020. (Hansard TV)

Interim B.C. Liberal leader Shirley Bond questions the NDP government in the legislature, Feb. 19, 2020. (Hansard TV)

COVID-19 rapid test pilot program all B.C. can do now, Dix says

B.C. Liberals call for increased senior home testing

B.C.’s rapid test capacity for pre-symptom COVID-19 detection is being tested in health care and for high-risk rural populations, but the tests aren’t licensed for wider-scale use to protect senior homes from infection, Health Minister Adrian Dix says.

With B.C.’s coronavirus infection and death rate climbing, particularly in care facilities, the opposition B.C. Liberals took up the issue of rapid testing of care home staff that was proposed in November by Seniors Advocate Isobel Mackenzie. Questioned about the issue as a brief session of the legislature began this week, Dix said better protection of seniors in care is the highest priority, but the available rapid tests in B.C. won’t do the job.

“The rapid tests that have been sent to us are not successful or effective in dealing with asymptomatic testing and, in any event, haven’t been sent to us in the numbers available to put in place such a system. It would not be effective,” Dix told the legislature Dec. 8. “That said, as with everything else, we are trying absolutely everything, including a pilot project, to see in what ways they could be effective in our province. Rapid testing is also being used and being piloted in other areas where vulnerable people live, from the Downtown Eastside to rural communities.”

Interim B.C. Liberal leader Shirley Bond said the announcement this week of the province’s pilot program in a small number of long-term care homes brings hope to residents and their families in a frightening situation.

RELATED: 4,000 vaccine doses coming for high-risk residents

RELATED: Big holes in NDP’s COVID-19 Christmas bonus plan

Dix replied that the Mackenzie’s position is understood, but she is not qualified to make decisions in technical public health issues such as rapid testing. He said the best strategy to stop the spiral of infection and death in care homes is vaccination, which the province will start to roll out next week, with care home staff and residents at the top of the list.

“We have been using rapid tests in appropriate circumstances, and that action is guided by the leading experts in public health that we have,” Dix said. “With great respect to the seniors advocate, who the leader of the opposition cites as evidence, this is not her area of expertise. The fact is that the rapid tests are not licensed, even, for asymptomatic people and that we have a better overall plan to address symptomatic people in long-term care.”

Dix confirmed for B.C. Liberal health critic Renee Merrifield that B.C. has received 131 rapid test machines and 27,000 test kits from the federal government. Even if they were licensed for use on people not showing symptoms, there are not enough of them to do the type of daily screening proposed, he said. A similar limitation exists for antibody tests, which use a deep swab similar to those used for nucleic acid amplification (NAT) tests for the virus.

“We’ve received approximately a little under 500,000 of the Panbio antigen tests. All of them, of course, require a nasopharyngeal swab,” Dix said. “All of them require a health care worker to do the swab. All of them are not licensed for use except in people who are symptomatic, and even in the case of people who are symptomatic, they are not as able to pick up the virus as the regular NAT tests that we do on an ongoing basis in B.C.”

Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.

BC legislatureBC politicsCoronavirus


text:
• EnglishFrenchGermanItalianRussianSpanish

Ashwani Gulati

Myself Ashwani Gulati. I am pursuing my master’s in mechanical engineering from TH-Nurnberg. I get to know about Sheikh in 2017, when I have planned to come to Germany. I was looking for guidance to how to apply in a German university and what is the language criteria and when I got no help from anyone, it was like now every door is closed for me then LangNation came into the picture and he helped me and guided me in everything as much as possible from their side. LangNation is a very helpful institute, and I am again thanking them for there guidance, and I would like to everyone.


text:
Resignation Not Enough, Wasserman Schultz Forced to Drop the Gavel, Too

One day after she announced her resignation in the wake of the #DNCLeak scandal and just hours after being booed by angry party delegates earlier in the day, news broke early Monday afternoon that Debbie Wasserman Schultz will not gavel into session this year’s Democratic Party Convention.

Despite saying earlier she would relinquish her post only after presiding over the convention, Wasserman Schultz spoke with the Sun Sentinel from her home state of Florida and said: “I have decided that in the interest of making sure that we can start the Democratic convention on a high note that I am not going to gavel in the convention.”

The official start of the convention in Philadelphia is scheduled for 4 PM EDT.


text:
Skip to content ↓

Rosewood Assembly

Rosewood assembly was centred around the festival of the Chinese New Year. The children  explained the story of how the different animals were chosen for each new year and their characteristics. They shared some super dancing, singing and acting as well as narration. Thank you Rosewood.


text:
Donate Today
Quick Escape

Safety Alert

To immediately leave our site click the QUICK ESCAPE button. Please test this now to ensure it works and you are familiar with its function.

We also suggest you clear your browser history after visiting our site by going to:

Tools › Internet Options › History › Delete

Domestic Violence Resource Center 24-7 Hotline   866-498-1511

Laura's House is a safe space to heal and embark on your journey to a life free of violence. We are here to empower you, offer education and resources. We encourage you to reach out today.

We can help:

  • If you are in danger and you need a safe place to stay
  • If you have questions or want to talk about your situation
  • If you want information to make the right decisions for you
  • If you want to know about resources available to you like support groups, counseling, legal assistance with restraining orders and more.

Programs and Services

24 Hour Toll Free Hotline - (866) 498-1511

Emergency Shelter • Transitional Housing • Counseling
Therapeutic Groups & Workshops • Legal Advocacy
Outreach--Education and Prevention

Heart Chat Line

Text "HEART" to 949-484-8440 to chat with an advocate on-line

Resources and digital advocacy for youth: www.laurashouseorg/lhteen

33 Journey, Ste 150
Aliso Viejo, CA 92656

T: 949.361.3775
F: 949.361.3548

12453 Lewis Street, Suite 201
Garden Grove, CA 92840

T: 714.450.6131
F: 714.867.6133

Laura's House sites include:

Counseling & Resource Center and Corporate Office

Counseling & Resource Center and Corporate Office

Counseling, therapy and groups, legal advocacy offered

33 Journey, Ste 150
Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
Phone: (949) 361-3775
Fax: (949) 361-3548

Learn More

Domestic Violence Advocacy Center

Domestic Violence Advocacy Center

Counseling, therapy and groups, legal advocacy offered

12453 Lewis Street, Suite 201
Garden Grove, CA 92840
Phone: (714) 450-6131

The Laura's House Domestic Violence Advocacy Center (DVAC) is conveniently located in close proximity to the Lamoreaux Justice Center (.8 miles walking distance).

Legal services provided including Temporary Restraining Orders.

Learn More

Volunteer Information

Annie Pfost
Phone: (949) 361-3775

*Please visit the Volunteer Opportunities section of our website to view scheduled Volunteer orientations.

Volunteer Opportunities include: Clerical, child care, hotline assistance, shelter maintenance, transport donations, grocery shopping assistance, etc.

Lake Forest Location:

23635 El Toro Road Ste. F
Lake Forest, CA 92630
(El Toro Rd/Arbor)
Phone: (949) 472-8800

San Juan Capistrano Location:

31878 Del Obispo Street, Suite 104
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675
(Plaza Del Obispo Shopping Center)
Phone: (949) 218-6400

Note: Please visit this page for Store and Drop-off Hours.

A place to both donate and purchase high-quality used clothing, shoes, handbags, collectibles, antiques, paintings, furniture and other household items which proceeds from the store help fund our programs and services.

Become a fan of Laura's House on Facebook

Watch the Laura's House YouTube Channel

Follow Laura's House on Twitter

Twitter Español

Follow Laura's House on Twitter (for Spanish speakers)

Laura's House at

Listen to Laura's House on Podomatic

Find Laura's House on Instagram

Website Issues

If you encounter any issues with our website, please feel free to email:


text:
The Beginners Guide To (Chapter 1)

Guidelines to be observed when choosing the best vegan diets

Vegetables are known for supplementing the body with essential nutrients. Vegetables bring nobody disorders in the body when consumed, unlike meaty foodstuffs. Somebody disorders attracted by consumption of meat include gout and obesity. Vegetables are recommended for one to keep their body fit. To add on that, some of the vegetables are known to have medicinal value. By switching to vegan diets, lifestyle diseases that are expensive to treat could automatically come to an end. The reason why vegetables are hated is that they make one look poor. For instance, one can depict a bad picture when they serve visitors with vegetables. The feeling of weight gain should not be the main reason as to why one should change to vegan diets. Also, one is not supposed to wait until a lifestyle disease to strike so that they can switch to vegetables. One can make vegetables very delicious if they prepare them well. Also, vegetables are used for the healing of wounds and cleaning of blood. When deciding the vegan diet to be consuming, one is supposed to consider the factors given below.

When one is picking the most suitable diet, they are supposed to rely on the guidance of the health nutritionists. Consumption should be done in favor of what the health expert recommends. Even when one is given unpleasant diets to consume, they should know that they are meant for their own good. For results to show up, it is important for one to be honest with themselves while under the vegan diets. Also, consistency in having the vegan diets is another factor that ensures one gets the outcomes they anticipate. For optimum outcome, one is cautioned against resuming to their poor diets since the consumption of vegan diets on a daily basis is unpleasant. One is encouraged to be honest with themselves when under the vegan diets since most of the time, the health nutritionists are not there to observe what is being consumed.

Having the diets that have been producing the anticipated outcome to others should be done. Conversely, one should take caution since the same diet may bring different outcomes to different people. One is supposed to find out the opinions testimonials have concerning a particular diet. This reduces the time to be wasted in trying out various diets. One should choose a vegan diet that most testimonials recommend. If a diet to be consumed is associated with low productivity, one should reject it for another one. When seeking the guidance from testimonials, one should choose those who are talking from experience only.

What You Should Know About This Year

What Do You Know About


text:
Birth Injuries The Difference Between Ordinary & Excellent

Norman Birth Injury Attorneys

Was Your Child Injured During Labor or Delivery?

For many families, the birth of a child is a happy time. When overshadowed by an avoidable birth injury, however, this occasion involves incredible stress and heartache. If your child suffered a birth injury as a result of improper prenatal care or delivery procedures, you may be entitled to compensation for the damage caused and the pain and suffering you have endured.

At the Law Offices of Keith J. Nedwick, P.C., our Norman birth injury lawyer is committed to helping birth injury victims and their families recover the funds they deserve. We have more than three decades of combined legal experience and understand how to successfully navigate personal injury law to obtain favorable outcomes for our clients. To date, we have recovered millions of dollars on our clients' behalf.

Do you need compassionate counsel? Call (866) 590-8173.

Understanding Birth Injuries

Although birth injuries can sometimes be confused with birth defects, birth injuries are those that occur as a result of prenatal care mistakes or improper delivery techniques. For example, if a doctor prescribed a drug to a woman while she was pregnant, and that drug injured her child, the mother may be able to bring a medical malpractice suit against the doctor, as well as the pharmacist and drug manufacturer.

If a doctor failed to properly assess the condition of a baby during the delivery process, and that failure resulted in injury to the child, it is important that action is taken and a medical malpractice suit filed against the negligent doctor. Similarly, if a doctor or nurse used forceps or a vacuum improperly when delivering a baby, resulting in harm to the child, a medical malpractice suit could be filed against the doctor or nurse, as well as the hospital.

Our Norman Birth Injury Lawyer Can Fight for You

For a successful recovery, you must show that the individuals involved provided inadequate medical care, which resulted in harm to your child. Our Norman personal injury attorneys are prepared to carefully review your case, gather evidence, and fight aggressively on your behalf. We have a reputation for working tirelessly to protect our clients' interests, and we can do the same for you and your family.

Learn more about how we can help by contacting our firm to schedule your free case evaluation.

Client Testimonials

Dedicated to Delivering an Excellent Experience
  • “They work relentlessly and tirelessly.”

    - C.H.
  • “They work miracles in the court room!”

    - T.W.
  • “A+ organization!!”

    - J.W.

Not Your Ordinary
Law Firm

What Makes Us Excellent
  • Decades of Experience Working With Local Prosecutors, Attorneys, and Judges
  • Reputation for Unparalleled Preparation and Persistence
  • Known for Achieving Success for Our Clients, Regardless of the Odds
  • Highest Quality of Representation at a Reasonable Fee
  • Thousands of Cases Successfully Handled
  • We Are Available 24/7

Reach Out Now

Start with an Office Meeting
  • Please enter your first name.
  • Please enter your last name.
  • Please enter your phone number.
    This isn't a valid phone number.
  • Please enter your email address.
    This isn't a valid email address.
  • Please make a selection.
  • Please enter a message.


text:
Stained glass window for church

Stained Glass
Studios, Inc.

  Church Stained Glass Windows, Repairs, Protective covering,

Pitts Baptist Church in Pitts, GA

Posted by info on June 26, 2018 at 10:05 AM

Here is a nice set of windows recently installed at Pitts Baptist Church in Pitts Georgia.  The windows were an opalescent design with 16" x 22" Life of Christ medallions.  They also recieved Aluminum Frames and Protective covering.

Categories: Opalescent Glass Windows, Aluminum Window Frames, Protective Covering


text:
Home / General / Finally, the Poor Will Have the Freedom to Die

Finally, the Poor Will Have the Freedom to Die

While officiating Secretary of the Treasury Jay Gould’s third wedding, Vice-President Torquemada found time to tweet a picture of the wedding of a bunch of millionaires (sitting at the distant tables no doubt) and billionaires and use this as the message:

Class war, indeed. Anyway, what’s the kind of personal responsibility the party of mass murder is talking about?

Senate Republicans are expected to revise their health bill early next week, adding in a provision that could lock Americans out of the individual market for six months if they fail to maintain continuous insurance coverage.

Miss a payment, no health care for 6 months! Sounds like freedom to me!

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Google+
  • Linkedin
  • Pinterest
It is main inner container footer text


text:
The protection of life and property is axiomatic in every civilized society and because it is impossible for the State to do so on every occasion – as law enforcement officers cannot be omni-present -, the individual is given the right of private defence. The right of private defence legally accords to the individual the right to take reasonably necessary measures to protect themselves under special circumstances.

Notably, on the execution of the private defence provisions in the Penal Code, the Penal Code framers said “we leave it still in a very imperfect state…we are inclined to think that it must always be one of the least exact parts of every system of criminal law.” This suggests that they recognised the necessity for latent ambiguity (although this was at the expense of accuracy) to allow judges the flexibility to read and apply the provisions so as to achieve fairness in each distinct case,

However, we are of the view that the local courts have overlooked this discretion conferred upon them and instead opted for a far too restrictive (and even unreasonable) interpretation of the provisions to the extent where private defence is hardly adequate as a defence, defeating the intention of the Code framers.

The inconsistency between the judicial interpretation and the intention of the Code framers is exemplified in the interpretation of “reasonable apprehension” under ss 100 and 102 of the Penal Code. Evidently, the local courts have adopted a strict objective approach in determining “reasonable apprehension”, ignoring its inherent ambiguity. This is in contrast to the current English law which judges the nature of the danger wholly according to that of the accused’s perception (purely subjective test).

For the purpose of this paper, we will be exploring the interpretation of s 96 – 106 of the Penal Code in the local context. Our discussion aims to elaborate on the current local position on private defence and to examine its resultant adequacy. Secondly, we will look at the viability of this defence in other jurisdictions. Lastly, our group will then explore the public policy concerns and the possible reforms to the interpretation and application of private defence.

When Does Private Defence Provide Relief To An Accused In Singapore?

On the rare occasions where private defence was successfully pleaded, the cases involved were fundamentally clear-cut and relatively unambiguous, In these cases, the accused often inflicted minimal harm on the corresponding party and there was substantial evidence to prove that his act was undoubtedly a preventive measure to protect him when his life was clearly under threat.

In the case of Prosecutor v Tan Zun Yong, it was held that the accused had recourse to 97(a) of the Penal code to defend his own body against immediate harm. The accused was allowed to claim Section 97(a) as even the injured party had admitted that the accused acted in self-defence against his rising aggression. There were witnesses who had testified that the accused was at the losing end of a shoving contest with the injured party. There was also clear evidence that the incident happened when the accused had no recourse from public authorities; thus offering him a clear right to public defence under Section 99(3) of the Penal Code. It was also clear that the accused had not “inflict more harm than is necessary” as he had merely raised the hammer instead of swinging it when defending himself and had ran away immediately after causing the injury to the other party, allowing him to satisfy the criterion under section 99(4) of the Penal Code to escape liability for his actions.

It is clearly demonstrated in the above case that it is possible for an accused to successfully plead private defence in Singapore, provided that there is overwhelming and compelling evidence to prove that he has satisfied the requisite sections of the Penal Code to enact private defence.

Singapore’s Approach To Private Defence: Ascertaining The Cessation Of Danger With Reference To S 102

Singapore courts have adopted the stance that the “reasonable apprehension of danger” pertaining to Penal Code s 102 ceases the moment a weapon is dislodged from the accused, thus he is no longer entitled to the right of private defence.

In the case of PP v Asogan Rameh s/o Ramachandren & Ors, it relied on Soosay v PP to establish that “there was no continuing apprehension of danger after the deceased was disarmed, and any right of private defence was exceeded when the unarmed and outnumbered deceased was assaulted continuously.” Thus the principle asserted is that, the moment the knife was dislodged from the deceased’s hold, any reasonable apprehension of danger to the accused ceased to exist. Penal Code s 102 states that private defence of the body “commences as soon as a reasonable apprehension of danger to the body arises from an attempt or a threat to commit the offence”, and continues “as long as such apprehension of danger to the body continues.” In our opinion, discontinuance of such reasonable apprehension of danger should not be based solely on mere disarming of the assailant. The totality of the situation has to be considered, for example, the physical superiority and aggression of the assailant and whether he was attempting to repossess the weapon.

Singapore’s Approach To Private Defence: Interpretation Of “Necessary Force” In S 99(4)

Singapore courts are inclined towards adopting an objective interpretation to judge the actions of the accused with reference to ascertaining the use of necessary force in Penal Code s 99(4).

In Roshdi v PP, Karthigesu JA established that “[the appellant] did exceed his right of private defence when he struck the deceased on the head with the mortar, which, after all, is a solid and weighty object, more than once.” This is in line with Penal Code s 99(4) which states that “the right of private defence in no case extends to the inflicting of more harm than it is necessary to inflict for the purpose of defence.” However, we believe it is unreasonable to expect the accused, in the midst of a heated struggle and facing imminent threat to life, to possess such a lucid and rational mind as to evaluate the possibilities of his next immediate response and distinguish the one that would not generate more force than required toward his assailant [emphasis added]. More often than not, the response stimulated is an instinctive one fuelled by adrenaline in the heat of strife and not pre-meditated. Thus it is unreasonable to adopt such an objective interpretation of s 99(4) to judge the actions of the accused, and the subjective state of mind of the accused should be taken into account instead. We believe that in determining reasonable apprehension of danger and the ensuing quantum of necessary force applied, some leeway should be given to the accused, so long as it is not odiously incommensurate to the actual danger faced.

Singapore’s Approach To Private Defence: The Warrant Of Recourse To State Protection

s 99 (3) of the penal code states that a right in exercising private defence is available when the victim is unable to seek recourse from public authorities.

In PP v Seow Khoon Kwee, the accused (“Seow”) was denied his right to private defence by s 99(3). The court assumed that Seow had felt threatened by the deceased on the first occasion during their scuffle, hence should have reported this fear to the prison authorities; and because he had failed to do so, his subsequent fight with the deceased disqualified him of private defence.

This section submits two reasons justifying why Seow’s failure to seek the State’s protection should not deny him of private defence:

i) Fear of possible repercussions—revenge by the deceased

After the first skirmish, Seow suspected the deceased’s resentment towards him, but not every such suspicion would command him to rush to the authorities and it may be unrealistic to require prisoners to report to the guards at the slightest fear of retaliation. Prisoners would likely only do so as a last resort, and at heightened fear, since involving officers’ help would probaby bring more unwanted attention and the possibility of revenge unto oneself. While Seow could have been presented with the opportunity to physically seek recourse from the authorities, he likely assessed that such action would not substantively provide sustainable protection from the accused, who was bigger-sized and known to be violent to the inmates.

ii) Timing and degree of reasonable apprehension of danger

Two elements are required in seeking the State’s protection: 1) time to do so, and 2) reasonable apprehension of danger. In this case, Seow could not possibly predict when the deceased might attack him, if there was any intention so; hence Seow’s level of apprehension of danger dwindled as time elapsed. Resultantly, the justification to seek official recourse would have subsided and even ceased.

It was only during the second quarrel that the apprehension of danger spiked, but at that time, the suddenness of the attack would have rendered s 99(3) inapplicable. The elements of apprehension of danger and time for recourse to the State did not coincide.

Such misjudgment on Seow’s part may not form a sufficient reason to deny him of his right to private defence.

The Malaysian High Court’s Less Restrictive Approach In Private Defence

Most of the cases involving private defence in Singapore had considered “reasonableness” in ascertaining the measures taken by the defendant in protecting himself. Contrastingly, the Malaysian High Court had on many instances decided primarily on the accused’s apprehension of the circumstances facing him at the time he committed the offence, seemingly putting aside the degree of “reasonableness” of his act of defence.

In the case of Ya Min Daud v PP, it was held that the accused had the right to use force to defend against his assailants as there was reasonable apprehension of danger when he was alone and cornered in his own compound by two pursuing assailants with dangerous weapons. Particularly, unlike many of the Singapore’s cases which ascertained the “reasonableness” in the application of force by the accused, it was held in this case that the accused possessed the right to defend his life regardless of his choice of weapon in warding off the attacks from his assailants.

While the Malaysian High Court’s decision has illustrated how the claim of private defence is less restrictive than that in Singapore, we must nevertheless be cautious in advocating for a policy which may potentially lead to the large scale acquittal of individuals who may have violated their reasonable right to private defence.

The Adequacy And The Public Policy Concerns Of Private Defence In Singapore

From the cases cited above, it is evident our local courts have adopted a restrictive approach towards the interpretation of the private defences provisions (s96 – 106 PC). The use of an objective test by the Singapore courts for qualification of an individual’s right to private defence is arguably inequitable. The stern objective stance taken by the courts in PP v Asogan Rameh s/o Ramachandren & Ors, Roshdi v PP and PP v Seow Khoon Kwee resulted vin a verdict that sits uncomfortable in the hearts of many people. Though it was recognized to be a fair finding based on well established principles, it reflected the limitations of the law in protecting individuals that might be well-meaning and “innocent”. The expectation of an individual to use a “golden scale” to consider all possible alternatives before exercising the right of self preservation in the face of attack would thus seem unnatural.

The adoption of a restrictive reading of the Penal code along with the unnatural and detached objective test would make qualification of such a defence almost impossible. The local courts’ position as illustrated in the cases above deviates from the historical purpose of the codification of the statute which was to enable self preservation. The restrictive stance of the Singapore courts in the justification of private defence arguably places a victim of an offence in a disadvantageous position. This would inadvertently render most acts of private defence excessive; thus making it difficult to successfully raise private defence. Resultantly, the rationale (of protecting the victim instead of the aggressor) behind the codification of private defence would be distorted.

A restrictive interpretation, though inequitable, has its merits as it provides certainty and social order within the community. The restrictive interpretation of the statutory provisions for the right of private defence sends a clear and consistent message with regards to the ambit of such a defence. As each individual has different rationalization processes and actions towards a specific offence, the use of a purely subjective test to ascertain the reasonableness of the action of self preservation would lead to inconsistent judgments.

The restrictive interpretation by the Singapore courts prevents the abuse of the right to private defence. This defence, if successful, provides an acquittal; and adopting a looser and purely subjective interpretation of the statute would potentially subject it to abuse. It would be absurd to acquit an individual who justifies his right of private defence wholly based on a subjective interpretation of the apprehension of danger. An apposite case is Musa Bin Yusof v PP where a (extensively) generous interpretation of s 99 (4) was adopted.

As such, a purely subjective approach would emanate that self preservation has no limit, which might result in a floodgate of private defence pleas regardless of its excessiveness.

The Way Forward

Although both the subjective and objective approaches are meritorious in their own right, our report advocates a move towards a more subjective stance, placing greater weight on the actual intention of the accused at that particular moment. This entails an analysis of first, what the accused believed, and secondly, whether or not this belief was based on reasonable grounds. It is important to note that the requirement that the accused’s belief be made on reasonable grounds does not mean a consideration of what a reasonable person would have believed, but rather, what the accused, in that particular instance, might have believed despite it not being a belief that is normally held by a reasonable person.

An emphasis on the subjective belief of the accused would therefore adequately account for his personal characteristics such as age, culture and religion.

In conclusion, the rights to private defence should be open-ended in line with its formulation. Instead of having substantive rules which limit its scope, its interpretation should provide greater leeway for a more humane approach and basis of verdict should be very much a matter of fact instead.


text:
Molly Bloom

Molly Bloom, Marc Sanchez, and Sanden Totten are the creators of American Public Media’s Brains On! and the authors of It’s Alive and Earth Friend Forever. They became friends while working at Minnesota Public Radio and decided to make a show for kids, because kids are awesome. They invite you to visit them at, follow them @Brains_On, or listen wherever you get your podcasts.

Read More Arrow Icon


text:
mobile layout indicator mobile layout indicator
Leafbuyer Sweepstakes/Giveaway
Chocolate Taffy- Sativa image

Cheeba Chew - Chocolate Taffy- Sativa

Description: Sativa infused Cheeba Chews are known for their consistency in producing an uplifting "head high ". Perfect for creative inspiration or a little added motivation when you're on the go, these individually dosed 3 gram chocolate taffy chews are a perfect compliment to an active lifestyle.
DISCLAIMER: Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than what is shown on our website. We recommend that you do not solely rely on the information presented and that you always read labels, warnings, and directions before using or consuming a product. For additional information about a product, please contact the manufacturer.

Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a physician, pharmacist, or other licensed health-care professional. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. Never disregard the advice of a medical professional, or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this Website. You should not use this information as self-diagnosis or for treating a health problem or disease.

Information and statements regarding cannabis and hemp products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition. assumes no liability for inaccuracies or misstatements about products.

Save money, subscribe.

Get Exclusive Local Cannabis Deals delivered to your phone and email!!
close lightbox
Deal Alert Signup
Close Overlay
Scroll to top


text:
Open Dictionary
mouse here to listen, click to choose/add more
Location: USA
Source: Learn That Word
Profile URL:

Are you a native English speaker? How do you pronounce this word?

Thank you for contributing!
upload mp3 file or record now it's easy, promised!

{%type%} Definitions

WordNet 3.0Copyright Princeton University

Short "hint"

n. - The mathematics of generalized arithmetical operations..

Usage examples (34)
  • The module starts with review of linear algebra.
  • Like in algebra, we say "Let T be time and D be distance."
  • Although your story about not knowing basic algebra is pretty scary ...
  • I was going to have to drown in algebra, French and chemistry after all. for more
Tutoring comment

Tutoring comment not yet available...

add more
The Open Dictionary of English is a collaborative project, based on Open Source materials, LearnThat resources, and partner APIs.
We give special thanks to our LearnThat volunteers, as well as Princeton University and Wiktionary for their Open Source word data. We're also grateful for the support given by Google,,, and YouTube,,,,, as well as the generous Creative Commons community.


text:
Britain’s first-time buyers eager to buy in 2020 despite COVID-19, research from Legal & General Mortgage Club shows

  • 93% of first-time buyers say they are still considering buying a property in 2020, despite the impact of the COVID-19 crisis – the majority (51%) say they definitely intend to buy this year
  • New research from Legal & General Mortgage Club shows that the majority of first-time buyers (54%) think it has been easier to save during the pandemic, with a third (31%) saving more than £100 extra each week
  • In some instances, buyers were even bringing forward their plans (8%), while others are now planning to buy in a more rural area (22%)

The COVID-19 crisis has not dissuaded first-time buyers from pressing ahead with their housing plans, new research shows. Data from Legal & General Mortgage Club has found that 93% of first-time buyers are still considering buying in 2020, with the majority (51%) stating that they definitely intend to buy this year. The figures challenge concerns that the Coronavirus pandemic has prevented thousands of people, including those stepping onto the ladder, from buying property this year.

Around a third (35%) of first-time buyers said that the pandemic has had no impact on their plans to buy, while the average delay in buying for those that have been impacted was seven months. Buyers in Wales face the shortest delays to their plans of just under six months, while those in the East of England and London intend to put their plans on hold by almost eight months. However, some buyers have chosen to move more quickly as a result of the pandemic, with 8% saying they will bring forward their plans.

This eagerness amongst first-time buyers to step on the ladder can in part be explained by their improved ability to save during the crisis. With a reduction in costs on transport and social activities, almost a third (31%) of first-time buyers say they have been able to save more than £100 each week towards a deposit on top of what they were already putting away. On average, first-time buyers were saving £107 extra every week, with buyers in London (£127), the East of England (£126) and the North East (£118) saving the largest additional amounts. In the capital, some 13% of first-time buyers were even saving more than £250 extra per week.

The data has also revealed that the Coronavirus crisis has caused a shift in property requirements amongst first-time buyers. More than one in five (22%) respondents say they now plan to buy in a more rural area. First-time buyers in the South West were the most likely to now plan to buy in a more rural location (27%), while those in the North East were the least likely (13%).

Legal & General’s research also showed that the percentage of people rating outdoor space such as a garden as of critical importance has risen by 20% compared to before the crisis. In fact, three quarters (74%) of first-time buyers now rate having outside space as particularly important. The change in needs was particularly pronounced in London, where the number of buyers rating outdoor space as critical rose from 55% before the crisis to 74% now.

Reflecting the move towards remote working across the UK, the research has also found that the number first-time buyers seeking properties with space for a home office has almost doubled from 16% to 29%. However, the figures also showed that two in every five (39%) of Britain’s youngest buyers (aged 18-24) still want to buy somewhere close to their physical place of work. This is nearly double the figure for the oldest group of first-time buyers (those aged 45-54), of which just 20% rated being close to their place of work as highly important.

Homeownership continues to be an aspiration shared by thousands of people across the UK and it is clear from our research that the COVID-19 crisis has done little to dampen the ambition of the UK’s first-time buyers. The mortgage market is already seeing pent-up demand from homebuyers after two months of lockdown. Advisers are busy helping borrowers to find the right mortgage and these findings suggest that this demand is set to continue in 2020 with the majority of prospective homeowners planning to buy this year.

However, what we are clearly starting to see is a shift in where Britain’s first-time buyers plan to buy. Where the city was once the first choice for many, more are now looking to the suburbs and even rural areas to buy. Remote working and enforced time at home have also both influenced first-time buyers to seek out properties with more ‘office’ and outdoor space. This could lead to a rise in demand in previously overlooked areas, which will need to be matched by housing supply.

For some buyers, the crisis has even improved their chances of buying their first home by making it easier for them to save towards a deposit. Less money spent on commuting or social activities as helped them increase the amount the putting away each month, which could help to bring their homeownership ambitions forward, especially as lenders return to high loan-to-value lending.

In order to help them onto the ladder, some first-time buyers are turning to housing schemes or even family and friends. More than one in ten (13%) first-time buyers who were not planning to use Help to Buy say they now intend to make use of the scheme, with first-time buyers in Wales most likely to now need the support of the government-backed equity loan. Another 13% also say they will move ahead with buying a Shared Ownership property, despite previously not intending to, including more than a fifth (22%) of the youngest first-time buyers aged 18-24. Further data from Legal & General Mortgage Club suggests that mortgage advisers are playing a central role in helping these buyers to find alternative routes. Findings available through Legal & General Mortgage Club’s SmartrCriteria tool showed that in the first week on June alone, adviser searches for Joint Borrower/Sole Proprietor mortgages were already higher than compared to the whole of May.

In a sign of the ongoing challenges facing first-time buyers, the data also showed that many were continuing to rely on funding from the Bank of Mum and Dad. A third of buyers (33%) are getting financial assistance from family (including 6% who were not intending to do so before the crisis). Interestingly, even older first-time buyers were seeking financial support from the ‘BoMaD’. Younger buyers aged 18-34 are the most likely to be relying on financial support from family (34%), but even so more than a quarter (29%) of those aged 35 and over say they will ask for financial assistance. This includes 6% who didn’t intend to do so before the crisis. And in a demonstration of changing attitudes to homeownership, 12% of younger first-time buyers are now planning to buy with friends after the crisis – almost double the percentage for all first-time buyers (7%).

In an interesting twist, COVID-19’s impact hasn’t necessarily been to stop first-time buyers from moving onto the housing ladder, but instead to change the paths many young people are taking into homeownership. COVID-19 and the subsequent lockdown has restricted the number of mortgages on the market at 90% loan-to-value. While we are seeing some lenders return to this market to the benefit of customers with smaller deposits, the number of high loan-to-value products remains well below the options available before the crisis.

Instead, those with smaller deposits are seeking out alternative routes onto the ladder, including Help to Buy and Shared Ownership, or even buying with friends. At Legal & General Mortgage Club, our latest search figures show that independent mortgage advisers are playing a critical role for borrowers in this respect, helping them to understand their options, from family support mortgages to Joint Borrower/Sole Proprietor products.

Kevin Roberts, Director, Legal & General Mortgage Club


text:
Default welcome msg!

e-catalogue international version

  • Information contained in this form is not saved or preserved by LEGRAND.
    Selected data are for email sending only

Air circuit breakers DMX³ 6300 - 5000 and 6300 A

Automatic air circuit breakers must be equipped with electronic protection unit, imperatively ordered together for factory assembly. Please ask for DMX³ order form. Conform to IEC 60947-2.


text:
Topic File B: The whale rider

This Topic File accompanies the film «Whale Rider». Pupils will get to know Pai, a young girl from New Zealand who challenges the past and finds hope in the future. They will hear about how she stands up agains a thousand years of tradition. They will learn about some of the customs and the traditions of the Maoris, the indigenous people of New Zealand.

Pupils ...

  • watch extracts from the film «Whale Rider»
  • find out about the Maoris of New Zealand
  • discuss role models in Maori society and in other communities

They also ...

  • read a traditional mythical story of the Maoris
  • write comments about the film
  • organise a Whale Rider event

They practise and consolidate ...

  • the vocabulary of the topic of indigenous people
  • the use of «many, lots of, a lot of, some, a few»
  • the use of modal verbs such as «should» and «will»

Link to Whale rider film website

Wikipedia article about The Whale rider


text:
Skip to main content
Toggle Mobile Menu

Helping the people of Leicester to have long and healthy lives.

Leicester City Clinical Commissioning Group

Children: Fever

Fever is quite common in children, it’s the body’s way of fighting an infection.

A normal temperature in babies and children is about 36.4C, but this can vary slightly from child to child.

A fever is a high temperature of 38C or more.

Your child might:

  • feel hotter than usual to the touch on their forehead, back or tummy
  • feel sweaty or clammy
  • have red cheeks

What to do

You can usually look after your child or baby at home. Treat your child, not the number on the thermometer: if they are happy and playing they don’t need medicine, even if they are hot.

  • give them plenty of fluids
  • look out for signs of dehydration
  • give them food if they want it
  • check on your child regularly during the night
  • keep them at home
  • give them paracetamol or ibuprofen if they’re distressed or unwell

You can give your child some paracetamol or ibuprofen to make them feel better. Don’t give both paracetamol and ibuprofen at the same time though – you can give paracetamol first, and if that doesn’t really help, give ibuprofen after a couple of hours. Don’t give aspirin to children.

  • do not undress your child or sponge them down to cool them – fever is a natural and healthy response to infection
  • do not cover them up in too many clothes or bedclothes

Tiny babies are more at risk of serious infections: if they’re less than 3 months old, and their temperature goes over 38 degrees C, they should be seen by a doctor.

Could it be coronavirus?

Get advice about coronavirus symptoms and what to do

Related content


WARC-Truncated: disconnect

text:
 sales@lemessport.com     +86-15988570962

You are here: Home / News / Encyclopedia / What do you know about spinning bike？

What do you know about spinning bike？

Views:110     Author:Site Editor     Publish Time: 2019-08-16      Origin:Site

Spinning bike is a unique and dynamic indoor cycling training course which combines music and visual effects. It was initiated by Johnnyg, an American personal trainer and extreme athlete in the 1980s.

1. Scientific Design of Spinning Bike

(1) The spinning bike has three positions to shake hands, because it takes into account the user's diverse body shape and age, and carries out a scientific design, so that men, women, old and young in sports more comfortable and convenient, so that the arm can be fully supported, the body can be effectively controlled, and sports become more flexible. Nowadays, the intelligent spinning bike has installed heart rate sensors in three positions, so that it can monitor its own heart rate at any time.

(2) The spinning bike also has a special seat cushion design that is ergonomically breathable. The seat cushion can be easily lifted or moved forward and backward, and it can be adjusted to suit the posture at any time according to the body that the user does not need.

(3) The spinning bike is equipped with a front flywheel, which ensures better balance when riding. The flywheel is made of stainless steel and has the same thickness. The centrifugal force generated during operation is always within the control range of the user, and it has the characteristics of easy cleaning, corrosion resistance and fire resistance.

(4) The resistance adjustment and emergency braking device are arranged on the same knob and on the cross beam of the spinning bike frame. Leather brake pads are used because they are an extremely simple and reliable booster system and easy to maintain. The replacement time can be controlled within five minutes. When rotating left and right, the resistance can be adjusted slightly, and the flywheel braking can be carried out by directly pressing down.

(5) To prevent people from accidents in the process of sports, a variety of different pedal width pattern design can meet the needs of more people, so as to better protect ankle joint in the process of sports. At the same time, the intelligent spinning bike has a weight collection device in its design.

2. The Spinning Bike Exercise Area

Core: No. This workout doesn’t target your core.

Arms: No. This workout doesn't target your arms.

Legs: Yes. Expect nonstop leg work. Your quads, hamstrings, glutes, and calves will feel the burn.

Glutes: Yes. All that pedaling will engage your glutes.

Back: No. This workout doesn’t target your back muscles. However, you may need to change from bent over to sitting upright from time to time during the class.

3. The Advantages of Spinning Bike

The slimming effect of spinning bikes is very obvious. The 45-minute workout consumes as much as 400 kcal-500 kcal, which can exercise your limbs, buttocks, thigh muscles and calves. You can also freely play the speed of the ride, observe the speed, time, heart rate, etc. of the moment. Spinning bike is also a handful of high-intensity cardio-pulmonary exercises that have less impact on the joints.

4. Other Questions About Spinning Bike

(1) What is the main reason of thickening of the legs after riding the spinning bike?

When the fat in the leg increases, or the muscles in the leg increase, the leg becomes thicker. Generally, riding a spinning bike causes the legs to become thicker due to the increase in muscles in the legs.

(2) Is the spinning bike aerobic or anaerobic?

As far as the spinning bike is concerned, we can understand it as a combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Because it not only meets the requirements of aerobic exercise, but also meets the requirements of anaerobic exercise. In the sprint stage of spinning bike, it belongs to anaerobic exercise.

In a word , spinning bike is a great way to get in your cardio each week. It is a low-impact workout. Indoor cycling classes help you shed fat, improve your heart health, and boost your muscle endurance.

This article mainly introduces some basic knowledge of spinning bike.

Product Inquiry

Related Products

content is empty!

Copyright © 2019 Yongkang lemes Fitness Equipment Co., Ltd.


text:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
South Campus
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

A 4-acre complex of ambulatory care, research, and clinical facilities as well as a central utility plant, the campus has continued to develop in phases over the past 5 years. Designed for vertical expansion up to 30 stories, the site merges a central prestressed concrete garage with surrounding steel towers. Open, free-flowing interior spaces mirror the landscaped plaza and roof gardens providing a soothing and welcoming environment.

FKP Architects
Pelli Clark Pelli Architects
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Related Projects


text:
Search This Blog

Thursday, July 8, 2021

Check out Local Mommy Bloggers helpful tips, go-to recipes, and product recos available on Shopee

One of the trickier aspects of parenting is preparing meals, and now that the whole family spends more time at home, the task has become even more challenging for moms. Finding the time to come up with recipes that are both balanced and yummy can pose quite the dilemma for busy momsplus, kids can be finicky.

Need inspo for coming up with easy, nutritious, and kid-approved meals? Check out mommy bloggers Michelle Estranero, Lhyzie Bongon, and Kaye Figuracion’s helpful tips, go-to recipes, and product recos available on Shopee, just in time for Nutrition Month. Instead of ordering takeout for dinner tonight, try whipping up these easy recipes with your kids so you can get them to enjoy balanced, home cooked food!

Michelle Estranero of Rockstarmomma

Michelle Estranero, the woman behind lifestyle blog Rockstarmomma, is also a working mother of two. As a parent who juggles creating content, working, housekeeping, and taking care of her toddler and teenager, Michelle relies on two key tips to make healthy cooking easier. “First, stock up on nutrition-packed foods that will stay fresh for a week or longer. Then limit purchases of tempting foods like chips, cookies, sodas, and ice cream. They are high in empty calories and run up your grocery bill,” she shares.

Michelle’s no-fail recipe is no-bake baked mac and cheese. Busy moms will find this quick and easy to make. Throw in a few healthy modifications, such as substituting hotdogs with chicken sausage, using organic whole wheat elbow macaroni, or going for lactose-free cheese, and you’re good to go.

Here are Michelle’s product recommendations for this recipe:

Luminarc Vitro Blooming Casserole

3-in-1 Folding Chopping Board

Kitchen Knife Set

Lhyzie Bongon of Life With Lhyzie

Every day, single mom Lhyzie Bongon of Life with Lhyzie prepares meals for her seven-year-old daughter and their extended family. Since she cooks for such a huge household, one of Lhyzie’s priorities is to ensure that every dietary requirement is accommodated, especially during the pandemic. “Food intake depends on how you live and how it affects your current health status. My fellow moms can create a foundation for a healthy lifestyle by choosing organic vegetables and fruits and avoiding processed foods and artificial ingredients.”

Lhyzie’s signature healthy recipe is her chicken and sotanghon soup. It comes packed with protein thanks to the chicken breast, contains plenty of vegetables, and soothes the soul on rainy days.

Here are Lhyzie’s product recommendations for this recipe:

Relish Vermicelli Premium Sotanghon

Knorr Chicken Broth Cube

Masflex Induction Casserole

Kaye Figuracion of K Figuracion

Aside from parenting an eleven-year-old and a two-year-old, Kaye Figuracion has her hands full with homemaking, running the family business, and creating content for her blog, K Figuracion. With such a packed daily schedule, Kaye admits that meal prep can be tough. To elevate her dishes, she looks for inspiration. “I watch Youtube tutorials so I have a variety of meals to serve. I just tweak recipes based on our children’s preferences. I also joined an online mom group that shares healthy cooking ideas, techniques, and ingredients to make veggie dishes more delectable for kids.”

Kaye’s Pan-Fried Cheesy Salmon is popular among her kids for its rich, flavorful taste. Even better, it contains plenty of Omega-3 fatty acids and protein! For a healthier option, you can lessen the cheese, depending on your children’s preferences and nutritional needs.

Here are Kaye’s product recommendations for this recipe:

Happy Call Non-stick Frying Pan

Microwave Oven

DeliGood Norwegian Salmon Fillet

Online shopping tips for moms

Like plenty of Filipino moms, Michelle, Lhyzie, and Kaye shop online for groceries, depending on Shopee’s convenience, safety, variety, and rewards. To maximize the experience, Michelle advises other moms, “Join the Shopee Mom’s Club to enjoy free shipping vouchers monthly and exclusive brand vouchers for everyday essentials. You can also connect and learn from other moms via the Shopee Moms Viber Community.”

Meanwhile, Lhyzie weighs each product carefully in the balance before making a decision. “Keep an eye on all product offerings. Visit Shopee Mall for more deals, and make sure to compare brands, prices, and functions. Don’t forget to check the reviews and comments!”

For Kaye, it’s important to maximize the app’s features. “I usually go straight to the sale, flash deals, or cashback tabs to find the best deals of the day. I also follow my favorite stores and turn on notifications to get first dibs on promos and new arrivals.”

To discover the best deals on groceries and more, visit Top up your ShopeePay wallet through your debit card and other convenient channels to enjoy more exclusive deals such as free shipping with a minimum spend of ₱199, 15% daily cashback, ₱1 Deals, ₱10 worth of data for only ₱1, and up to 35% cashback on Bills Payment. To get an extra 20% cashback, use Scan and Pay for cash-on-delivery orders with your Shopee Xpress rider.

Download the Shopee app for free via the App Store or Google Play.

  1. I really like this Local Mommy Bloggers for their helpful tips. Its really important to pay attention on the foods that we offer to our family especially this time of pandemic that the whole family spends more time at home. I really like this because this will help me a lot since I'm the one who was always assigned to cook at home.

  2. these are a must try recipes, these look easy to prepare and the family will surely enjoy these. the online tips that they shared are really helpful and will let us save a lot.
    i am a shopee pay user too, it is really convenient to top up in advance of save to maximize our shopping experience.

  3. The best talaga Ang shopee talagang very recommended Ang mga items Nila ang gaganda ng quality and may mga discounts pa and voucher so nice dahil may shopee pay na din na pwede gamitin sa pagbayad very convenient talaga

Get your burger fix with the Champ, Amazing Aloha Champ, and Bacon Champ at your nearest Jollibee today!

Filipinos love to eat, and one of their favorite foods has to be a tasty and satisfying burger. Burgers are loved by many, especially when i...


WARC-Truncated: length

text:
FEELING IS BELIEVING: A Glance at Multi-Touch Technology Market Analysis & Trends

Research and Market, an expert research and analysis delivery firm, conducted an analysis on Multi-Touch Technology trends, product, technology and application that predicts into 2025. This technology enables a surface (a trackpad or touchscreen) to recognize the presence of more than one or more than two points of contact with the surface.

According to Business Wire, the Global Multi-Touch Market is predicted to grow at a compound annual growth rate of around of about 17.2 % over the next decade and reach approximately $23.18 billion by 2025. Some of the trends shown include growing usage of mobile devices, booming market and flexible displays, technological advancements of multi-touch technology and growth opportunities/investment opportunities.

Product: The market is categorized into enterprise products, consumer electronic products, and miscellaneous electronic products. Enterprise products are further categorized into all-in-one pc, trackpad/touchpad, multi-touch mouse and others. Consumer electronic products break down into POS systems, gaming systems, PMP/MP3 players, large displays, tablets, mobile phones and others. Miscellaneous electronic products are ATM’s/hospitality counters/other public-space machines, kiosks and larger interactive screens.

Technology: The market is segregated into opaque multi-touch technology and transparent multi-touch technology. Multi-touch technology is further divided onto resistive technology, acoustic technology, infrared technology, camera-based technology, embedded technology, capacitive technology, vision-based technology and other technologies.

Application: The market separates into enterprise, consumer electronic and miscellaneous electronic applications. Enterprise applications is segmented into retail, government and corporate, educational and public space application. Consumer electronic, the market is further categorized into entertainment application and infotainment application.

Some of the companies mentioned in this research are Apple Inc., Google Inc., Hewlett-Packard Co. and Microsoft Corporation.

More information can be found on Research and Markets’ website.

Provided by Information Technology Solutions Firm:

Leneer Data Assurance Solutions, Inc.

Contact: info@leneer.net 301-476-1844

Featured Posts
Recent Posts


text:
How To Choose an Underwater Flashlight

Scuba diving lights are basically underwater nightlights! They come in several different styles, but most just seem like a regular flashlight. What makes them unique is that they come with an internal battery, which allows them to be used underwater. In other words, you can dive into the water, use the light and then come up again. They’re great for when you have no way to get back to the surface. Water-resistance means they can stand up to the pressure of being underwater, unlike other divers’ lights which must remain submerged until you resurface.

A lot of divers carry a standard flashlight, and there’s nothing wrong with that. But what if you were on a boat and had to dive off-boat? If you’ve ever been scuba diving while on a boat, then you know there is a huge difference between an inboard or outboard motor on your kayak and the engine on your inboard flashlight or strobes (if you have one). With these strobe lights, you can dive in without losing light. And since they’re underwater, they’re far more waterproof than your average inboard flashlight.

Most divers think of having a high beam angle when using an underwater flashlight. High beam offers the maximum distance you can dive, but it also consumes the most energy. A lower beam angle produces much less light but will be easier to see when submerged. It also has a wider color spectrum and a wider range of lighting intensity.

The best scuba diving lights for use under water are ones that produce white light, but don’t just stop there. The term “white” doesn’t mean “bright white.” In order for your light to be considered “white,” it needs to be about 300 lumens, which is significantly more than the typical one-watt incandescent bulb. Better quality products will produce light that’s between one eighth and one-fourth the brightness of an ordinary incandescent light bulb. Some underwater torches even use LED technology, which puts watts per ounce of light on the same level as incandescent lamps.

Next, make sure you buy an underwater flashlight with the proper depth rating. The most common option is to buy the biggest possible depth rating, regardless of whether you’ll ever need the light to go that deep. But there are actually times when you might, and in those situations, it’s better to buy a smaller depth rating flashlight that won’t drain your batteries as quickly. Some divers actually carry two extra batteries for emergencies and another for just in case. In shallow water, you might only need one extra battery, but in deep water that’s very cloudy, it’s better to have two.

Finally, look at the physical construction of your underwater light. Most brands are made of a tough, waterproof plastic, which is extremely durable against the harshness of the ocean’s depths. Some models are made from carbon composites that are coated inside and out with a protective gel. That makes for a much tougher, more waterproof electrical conductor, which will reduce the chance that the light will crack or break in the water and prevent it from functioning correctly.

You should also look for a scuba diving light that comes with a scuba tank. This tank is used to keep your underwater light charged, so you can still use it even if your battery dies. The size of the tank will vary by brand, but you should be able to get between four and eight hours of brightness easily. Some scubapro products are powered by a single D cell, while others use a series of D cells. Either way, you should get the proper number of D cells.

Scubapro batteries come in many different shapes and sizes, so you may find that some of the models you like do not include a scuba tank or other protective casing. Keep this in mind when comparing models. Some dive specific lights will have a built-in battery, but these will be less bright and may not provide you with enough illumination for your purposes. Other underwater diving flashlights will come with a carrying case, but they will not include a scuba tank or other protective casing. The choice is yours.


text:
Allongement des délais de livraison par voie maritime : 18 jours pour les Antilles, 26 jours pour la Guyane, 28 jours pour la Réunion, 48 jours pour Mayotte, 2 mois pour la Nouvelle Calédonie.

Box 40 green and yellow boards + art book

€22.50 TTC

Package Contents: 20 green boards, 20…

Find out more

Package Contents: 20 green boards, 20 yellow boards, one art book with many models to achieve. Tom van der Bruggen is the creator of wooden planks KAPLA. He tried to make a model of the castle of Aveyron he wanted to restore and cubes seemed unsatisfactory to him. He had the idea of these wooden boards of the same size, based on the increase in odd numbers: 1,3,5. Three thicknesses for width and five widths for one length. This volume, halfway between the brick and stone, plank and beam, allows achievements with the precision of a work of art and the stability of the stone. He called his KAPLA planks for "Clipboards pixie" in Dutch. With boards KAPLA, children and adults can now build and create all kinds of architectures, animals, extraordinary creatures ... Kapla, magic board construction for all ages, in Landes pine!

CAUTION! This item is not suitable for children under 3 years, the presence of small parts which can be ingested. If swallowed, these parts can cause serious infections and death, immediately consult a doctor.
  • Materials : Hardwood
  • Size : 16,50L x 16,50L x 7H cm
  • Number of components : 40
  • Age group: 3 ans et plus
  • Brand : Kapla
  • Manufacturer reference : JLJP23
Customer reviews to help you better choose
Fast shipping within 48 hours in worldwide
Secure payment
  • Carte Bleue
  • Visa
© Les jouets en bois - All rights reserved 2007-2021
Retour en haut de page


text:
85 Walnut Street #406 **Second Month Free**

1 BA

We're sorry, this property is currently unavailable.

The Asheville Hotel Apartments are downtown Asheville's latest restoration, and one of the most exciting projects yet. Originally built at the turn of the century, this building adds Old-World charm to the ranks of attractive, affordable, downtown housing. The street level of this building includes Malaprop's Bookstore. All ceilings are 10-11 feet high, all-new plumbing, wiring, and mechanicals, new elevator service, 2 levels of coded access into building. Studio apartment with lots of light. Hardwood floor. Gas heat. Tenant pays gas, electric, parking. Landlord pays water/sewer and trash pick up. Roof top access. No a/c. No dogs. Adults cats only on approval with pet fee. **Because of the coronavirus, we will not start showing this until it is vacant. Our leasing agents are wearing masks during every tour and we ask that everyone wears a mask during these appointments. This is a precaution we are taking to respectfully protect our leasing agents, other tenants and you. **

College Street toward downtown, turn right on Haywood Street, building on right on corner of Haywood and Walnut Street (Malaprop's Bookstore on first floor).

We're sorry, this property is currently unavailable.
  • Amenities
  • Cat Friendly
  • Coin-operated Laundry
  • Elevator
  • Hardwood Flooring
  • Public Transportation


text:
TODAY IS UNESCO’S WORLD BOOK DAY! Let’s hear it for books!

Children’s Book Week is celebrated across the US from May 1 to 7. I’ll be posting about all of our favorite children’s book (the ones on Finn’s bookshelves) and I have a couple of book related surprises for you too.

We’ve been reading Finn’s Kingdom of You from Lost My Name which is completely personalized around his favorite things.

When I was a kid, book personalization was just starting out. The book was printed, then your name was typed over a gap in the sentence. By today’s standards it was totally lame but in 1982 it was everything. A bit like how the original Godzilla movie seemed so legit back in the 50s. Print technology has come a long way and Lost My Name is like the CGI of children’s books.

We have the original The Boy Who Lost His Name books for all the boys. Even though the story follows a similar adventure (to find their lost name), each boy meets different animals and magical creatures along the way.

Kingdom Of You is personalized in different ways, not just around their name. When we first read it to him, Finn loved that the boy in the story looked just like him and that his name was on so many things throughout the story. It’s so fun to see his eyes light up every time he sees his name on another sign or flag or building.

Also in the Kingdom of Finn, are his favorite things. He’s always been interested in the weird and wonderful animals and his obsession with ice-cream has been well documented. Animals and ice-cream feature heavily in the book and he knows they were put there especially for him.

Creating Finn’s personalized book took less than 5 minutes. The Kingdom of You website couldn’t be easier to navigate. First you choose your child’s gender, then hair and skin color, their name, their biggest obsession and their favorite food. These wishes will become their kingdom!

* This post was written in partnership with Lost My Name and their new book, Kingdom Of Me.


text:
Anton man arrested for murder

An Anton man remained in jail Tuesday, charged with the weekend stabbing death of his brother-in-law.

Cristoval Resendez, 25, was arraigned Tuesday for murder by Justice of the Peace Sue Coker.

Bond was set at $250,000.
Resendez is charged with fatally stabbing Kevin Funez of Honduras.

The incident occurred after 2 a.m. Saturday, Sept. 27, at a Maurer Street residence.

The two men apparently got into a verbal altercation outside the victim’s home and scuffled.. Resendez went to his residence, returned and allegedly stabbed Funez multiple times, said Sheriff R.C. Cheek.

Resendez stabbed the victim 17 times, according to Texas Ranger Dominic Zuniga.

Family members called for an ambulance. When it did not arrive, they loaded the victim in a vehicle and began driving to Littlefield.

They met a Littlefield ambulance and Funez was loaded into it. The ambulance crew was unable to save the victim and he  died at the scene.

A justice of the peace from Littlefield was contacted and went to the ambulance.

Resendez suffered non-life- threatening injuries during the altercation. He was transported to the hospital here and then transferred to University Medical Center in Lubbock.

Cheek said he did not give Resendez a Miranda warning at the hospital here. He advised the Texas Rangers that his office did not have the manpower to provide two guards while Resendez was being treated at the hospital.

The Rangers apparently assumed custody for Resendez. One of them transported him from Lubbock to Levelland on Monday.

The Rangers are in charge of the investigation into the death.

An investigator with the Hockley County Sheriff’s Office is assisting.

Leave a Comment


text:
On August 12th, the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals issued a decision (Sierra Club v Otter Tail Power Company, et al., 09-2842) that curtails citizen suit enforcement actions brought under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The Sierra Club brought this citizen suit against Otter Tail Power Company and other entities that own and operate the Big Stone Generating Station in South Dakota, seeking assessment of civil penalties against, and equitable damages from, the owners and operators of Big Stone for failing to obtain CAA “Prevention of Significant Deterioration” (PSD) permits before commencing three modifications at the power plant. The PSD permitting program – intended to ensure that air quality in areas that have attained certain air quality standards is not degraded – is an essential part of the CAA regulatory scheme, and works hand in hand with the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) program, which requires EPA to establish technology-based performance standards designed to limit emissions from major new sources of pollution.

During the 1990s, Big Stone did not apply for permits before changing the primary fuel used at the plant or before modifying the boiler to increase the surface area of its primary superheater. While Big Stone did apply for a permit in 2001 before undergoing physical and operational modifications to the plant to supply steam to a nearby ethanol plant, the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) concluded that the project did not trigger federal NSPS or PSD requirements. The Sierra Club argued that Otter Tail violated the CAA by failing to obtain PSD permits before commencing each of these three modifications, and that this violation was a continuing one, such that Otter Tail violated the CAA each day it operated without PSD permits.

The District Court granted Otter Tail’s motion to dismiss Sierra Club’s lawsuit, finding that Sierra Club’s civil penalty and equitable claims were time-barred. On appeal, the Eighth Circuit addressed three issues: (1) whether failure to obtain a PSD or New Source Review (NSR) permit is a one-time or an on-going violation of the Clean Air Act; (2) whether, when the statute of limitations has been exceeded for civil penalties, equitable relief also is precluded; and (3) whether citizen suits can allege violation of NSPS requirements where they have not been enumerated on a facility’s CAA Title V permit.

First, the court resolved a split between the Sixth and Eleventh Circuits and concluded that failure to obtain a PSD or NSR permit is a one-time violation tied to construction, not an on-going operating violation for failure to meet requirements that would have been imposed had the allegedly required permits been obtained. The court relied upon the plain language of the statute and regulations applicable to Otter Tail, which only prohibit modification of the plant without a PSD permit or application of Best Available Control Technology (BACT), not its operation.

Second, the court held that where the statute of limitations has been exceeded for civil penalties, equitable relief also is precluded.

Third, the court determined that CAA citizen suits cannot allege violation of NSPS requirements where those requirements have not been enumerated on the CAA Title V permit. Rather, the failure to include applicable requirements must be raised during the administrative process of developing the Title V permit and – if a citizens group is unhappy with the permit – challenged at the time that the permit is issued. In so deciding, the court relied heavily on a recent Ninth Circuit decision: Romoland Sch. Dist. v. Inland Empire Energy Ctr., LLC, 548 F3d 738 (9th Cir. 2008). Notably, the court held firm on this point even though EPA had not commented on the plant’s proposed Title V permit. Moreover, here, DENR determined that NSPS did not apply to the 2001 modifications at the plant, but the Title V permit did not explicitly incorporate that determination. Sierra Club argued that this decision circumvents the CAA’s limitations on the use of the Title V permit shield, which requires that the shield be clearly stated on the face of the permit. The court, however, found that principles of judicial jurisdiction trump plain statutory language, and refused to expand its jurisdiction to honor a broad reading of the CAA Title V permit shield.

Accordingly, the court affirmed the district court’s dismissal of Sierra Club’s claims.

The Otter Tail decision is notable in several regards. First, citizen groups and EPA often obtain sizeable settlements or civil penalty judgments in enforcement actions, based on the theory that a company that failed to obtain the necessary permit violated the law every day of subsequent operations. Under the Otter Tail decision, such citizen suit claims and judgments largely will be precluded as time-barred. Second, the court’s holding regarding equitable remedies arguably means that citizens groups cannot seek a court order requiring a company to cease operations or go get the “missing” pre-construction permit years later.

Please see http://www.ca8.uscourts.gov/opndir/10/08/092862P.pdf to access the court’s complete opinion.