text:
Today wood s lot quotes a well-known poem by Gary Snyder, and I’m going to quote it too, partly because I like it and partly because I have something to say about the chain of quotes within the poem:

Axe Handles
One afternoon the last week in April
Showing Kai how to throw a hatchet
One-half turn and it sticks in a stump.
He recalls the hatchet-head
Without a handle, in the shop
And go gets it, and wants it for his own.
A broken-off axe handle behind the door
Is long enough for a hatchet,
We cut it to length and take it
With the hatchet head
And working hatchet, to the wood block.
There I begin to shape the old handle
With the hatchet, and the phrase
First learned from Ezra Pound
Rings in my ears!
“When making an axe handle
     the pattem is not far off.”
And I say this to Kai
“Look: We’ll shape the handle
By checking the handle
Of the axe we cut with—”
And he sees. And I hear it again:
It’s in Lu Ji’s Wên Fu, fourth century
A.D. “Essay on Literature”—in the
Preface: “In making the handle Of an axe
By cutting wood with an axe
The model is indeed near at hand.-
My teacher Shih-hsiang Chen
Translated that and taught it years ago
And I see: Pound was an axe,
Chen was an axe, I am an axe
And my son a handle, soon
To be shaping again, model
And tool, craft of culture,
How we go on.

It’s a wonderful image, and the chain of transmission back to the fourth century is impressive, but it actually goes back much further than that. Lu Ji was probably quoting the neo-Confucian Doctrine of the Mean, which Pound translated as The Unwobbling Pivot; Pound says of it: “It is divided into three parts: the axis; the process; and sincerity, the perfect word, or the precise word; into Metaphysics: ‘Only the most absolute sincerity under heaven can effect any change’; Politics: ‘In cutting an axe-handle the model is not far off, in this sense: one holds one axe-handle while chopping the other. Thus one uses men in governing men’; Ethics: ‘The archer, when he misses the bull’s-eye, turns and seeks the cause of the error in himself.'”

But the actual quote from The Doctrine of the Mean (I.XIII.2) is: “In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ‘In hewing an ax-handle, in hewing an ax-handle, the pattern is not far off.’ We grasp one ax handle to hew the other; and yet, if we look askance from the one to the other, we may consider them as apart. Therefore, the superior man governs men, according to their nature, with what is proper to them, and as soon as they change what is wrong, he stops.” So we see that it actually goes way, way back to the Shih Ching, I:15; Legge translates the relevant lines as “In hewing an axe-handle, in hewing an axe-handle,/ The pattern is not far off,” and Pound himself, in his vigorous version, has “To hack an axe-haft/ an axe/ hacks;/ the pattern ’s near.” And the pattern continues.

Incidentally, note in the Snyder poem the unusual phrase “And go gets it” (an extension from the normal imperative “Go get it!”); if you google it, you get almost entirely references to this poem, but there are a few others—in a comment on this blog, for instance, we find “To me, he is a smart man, black or white, he see’s the money and go gets it.”

  1. ‘go gets it’ reminds me of Bickerton’s ‘serial verbs’ in creoles. I can’t think of other examples in ‘standard’ English; are there?

  2. While go get is indeed the closest we come to a serial verb, it usually fails to be so classified because it’s equivalent to go and get or go to get and so evidently just the zero case of the multi-verb patterns (coordinated / subordinated) we do have.

  3. I like this very much, but there’s something more at Wood s Lot: a link to an interesting site about workhouses, by someone called Peter Higginbotham. He’s written several workhouse-related books, including The Workhouse Cookbook “(at times…) the fare on offer included such items as beer, chocolate, cheesecake, and nettles”. About the Marylebone Workhouse, built in 1900 it says:

    Amongst the new facilities was state-of-the-art kitchen. One observer described it as:
    A large lofty room, lined with whie glazed bricks, and with a score of steam-jacketed coppers, tea coppers, roasting ovens, and the like… here they make sixty-gallon milk puddings, have three teapots of eighty gallons capacity each, cook a quarter of a ton of bacon and a ton of cabbage at an operation, and steam potatoes by the ton.

    A quarter of a ton of bacon? A ton of cabbage? 80 (Imperial) gallons of tea?
    Apparently you can also buy a book of English wartime recipes from WW2. Is this the direction that the culinary arts are taking? A sort of backlash?

  4. I meant to say, nettles — I think this is something for Dearie me.

  5. The London Vegetarian Society (sometimes Association) published a Food in War Time in 1918 and then another in 1940. The older one has been reprinted by one of those vintage cookbook publishers, presumably as it went out of copyright; the WWII one shows up on AbeBooks.

  6. marie-lucie says:

    AJP, that Workhouse site is indeed very interesting. Some of the later-built (and run) institutions had up to 1000 inmates sometimes, hence the enormous quantities of food mentioned.
    Wartime cookbooks: by necessity these had to present recipes using locally obtainable foods, so nowadays with the movement for preferring locally grown food (and perhaps anticipating possible shortages of other foods) these recipes are in demand. This is in addition to historical curiosity.

  7. I’m reminded of Richard Wilbur’s “Junk”:
    An axe angles / from my neighbor’s ashcan;
    It is hell’s handiwork, / the wood not hickory,
    The flow of the grain / not faithfully followed.
    The shivered shaft / rises from a shellheap
    Of plastic playthings, / paper plates,
    And the sheer shards / of shattered tumblers
    That were not annealed / for the time needful.
    At the same curbside, / a cast-off cabinet
    Of wavily warped / unseasoned wood
    Waits to be trundled / in the trash-man’s truck.
    Haul them off! Hide them! / The heart winces
    For junk and gimcrack, / for jerrybuilt things
    And the men who make them / for a little money,
    Bartering pride / like the bought boxer
    Who pulls his punches, / or the paid-off jockey
    Who in the home stretch / holds in his horse.
    Yet the things themselves / in thoughtless honor
    Have kept composure, / like captives who would not
    Talk under torture. / Tossed from a tailgate
    Where the dump displays / its random dolmens,
    Its black barrows / and blazing valleys,
    They shall waste in the weather / toward what they were.
    The sun shall glory / in the glitter of glass-chips,
    Foreseeing the salvage / of the prisoned sand,
    And the blistering paint / peel off in patches,
    That the good grain / be discovered again.
    Then burnt, bulldozed, / they shall all be buried
    To the depth of diamonds, / in the making dark
    Where halt Hephaestus / keeps his hammer
    And Wayland’s work / is worn away.
    This is usually called Old-English-style alliterative verse, but only seven of the thirty lines are actually normative for that style: 6, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, and 21.
    The rule of alliteration is that the third stress must alliterate with one or both of the first two stresses, and not with the fourth stress. But Wilbur’s lines often have the first, second, and fourth stress alliterating, or all four, and there are some false alliterations like “things themselves” in line 17, or “halt Haephestus” in line 29.
    As for “go X”, where X is the bare form of a verb, there are lots of Xs permitted: go run, go see, go tell (it on the mountain), go figure (why that is), go try, etc.

  8. Thanks, Wilbur is one of my favorites!
    As for “go X”, where X is the bare form of a verb, there are lots of Xs permitted
    The point here is not the “go X” formula, but the bizarre present “go gets it.” You can say “go tell it on the mountain,” but you can’t say “He go tells it on the mountain.”

  9. marie-lucie says:

    halt Hephaestus”?

  10. I first met Gary when I was a new prof teaching Korean and East Asian area studies courses at Indiana University and got to have Gary come and read and sing to my Traditional East Asian Studies class. Several years later, I was teaching Japanese language and literature at Colby College in Maine and caught Gary passing through. He came and read to my class and then we killed a lot of wine while he read and poems and played a drum on the floor of my apartment together with a bunch of students–absolutely delightful! Gary is not only a fine poet, but a great translator as his “Cold Mountain Poems” by Han Shan clearly evidence. Garrison Keillor read Gary’s “What I Have Learned” from his collection _Axe Handles_ today on his radio show, “The Writer’s Almanac.” A great day for axe handles!

  11. halt = ‘lame’

  12. marie-lucie says:

    Thanks, iakon, the word is new to me.

  13. I imagine you might find it labeled ‘poetic’, m-l.
    ‘Wayland?’ A tiny bell rings ‘Scandinavian mythology’ — ah, Odin’s alias?

  14. Wayland — the Smith from Scandinavian myth. Also Weland, Weyland, Völundr. Appears in Old English and Old Norse.

  15. Off-topic, but I couldn’t resist this famous episode from a very popular British TV programme:

  16. Noetica says:

    I was enchanted by go gets it. Reminds me of Van Morrison’s strikingly effective use of everything she gots in “Madame George” on Astral Weeks:

    And immediately drops everything she gots
    Down into the street below

    Works so well after drops.
    … but you can’t say “He go tells it on the mountain.”
    I’m not so sure about that. I think it might fit with the impassioned and inspirational rhetoric of an MLK-like speech:

    O, but HE … that GREAT MAN … HE go tells it on the MOUNTAIN, as the SONG SAYS we HAVE to DO …

    [No mockery intended.]

  17. Learn something every day with LH. I always assumed (without knowing the definitions) that there was a difference between halt and lame, because of the expression “the halt and the lame”. There seems to have been, for some people, and not so long ago, because of i.e. this quote:
    The blind, the halt, and the lame among the slaves certainly could not have obtained employment in an economic situation in which an abundance of cheap free labour
    which comes from
    The slave systems of Greek and Roman antiquity By William Linn Westermann
    a publication in 1955 of the American Philosophical Society found on Google Book Search.
    A couple of sentences previously he says:
    The halt of foot, the lame of hand, even the blind …

  18. Noetica, I wouldn’t have taken you for a Van fan. Astral Weeks is pretty old, but so am I.

  19. The stock phrase “the lame, the halt and the blind” seems like it ought to be a translation of Luke 14:21, except that it isn’t a well-known one and doesn’t really distinguish ἀναπήρους and χωλοὺς right. Where did it start?

  20. @iakon: Aside from “go X”, the only other standard example I can think of is “come X”, which is similarly restricted to bare X. (For some reason the OED gives this as obsolete, but it’s actually quite common, at least in some regions.)

  21. Noetica says:

    Noetica, I wouldn’t have taken you for a Van fan. Astral Weeks is pretty old, but so am I.
    1. Assumptions about the ages of LH’s salonniers are unsafe.
    2. Same for their tastes in music.
    3. Astral Weeks is a masterpiece. I know nothing about Van’s later work. I have some CDs of his, but have not yet listened to them. I’m working through a pile of minor 18th-century symphonists and composers of chamber music, for the forseeable future. Which brings me to a plea for help:
    How can I get hold of any string quartets – as mp3, CD, vinyl, Edison cylinders – by Jan Křtitel Vaňhal or Karl von Ordoñez?
    Both are listed among the most important and popularly acclaimed composers of their time, ranking just below Mozart, and especially J. Haydn, as pioneers of the string quartet. But recordings are as rare as mammoth’s milk. Why? Who can say! One can get any number of Vaňhal’s violin or double bass concerti, symphonies, quartets for oboe and strings, you name it. And the Naxos serving of Ordoñez symphonies is worthwhile. But string quartets? Get another hobby.
    I speculate that our age is addicted to the extremes: plain-populist vanilla (symphonies) or bizarre-populist variegated (Concerto in F major for Two Bassoons & Orchestra), so that a traditional élite genre like string quartet is ignored. Still, I am amazed that among the legions of competent chamber ensembles out there not one has spotted the opportunity. Apart from discontinued short-run CDs from the Kubin Quartet and the Stamic Quartet, and one Vaňhal quartet in an expensive boxed set? Nada.
    Trust me. I’ve even tried ordering from Slovakia, in Slovakian. No luck. Any help gratefully received.

  22. I too love Astral Weeks, and now you’ve got me curious about those obscure pioneers of the string quartet.

  23. I saw Van Morrison play in Oslo a few years ago; he was very good, more important, why do he and Bono wear the sunglasses? Are they still not used to the sun after all these years in the limelight — sort of like groundhogs? Joyce and Beckett didn’t wear sunglasses, nor does Sinnead O’Connor.

  24. Noetica says:

    I meant …for the forEseeable future.
    LH, I suppose Vaňhal is no longer “obscure”, because he is quite well surveyed on CD except for his many string quartets. So frustrating! There are supposed to be at least fifty-three of them.
    I have one of the four Naxos CDs of his symphonies in my collection, along with several other fine recordings and performances. These are generally quite stylish. Naxos has done us a valuable service with its tagged series “The 18th Century Symphony” (now broadened, I think, to include other genres in that era). The Cannabich, the Benda – they’re all worth sampling or snapping up.
    Naxos offers the only CD in captivity dedicated to the symphonies of Ordoñez, with several miscellanies here and there including the odd one or two. Yet in the literature we are continually told of his ingenuity, taste, and influence with the quartets. I have and relish Joseph Haydn and the String Quartet (Reginald Barrett-Ayres, 1974), which shows generous excerpts not only from Haydn and Mozart but from Vaňhal, Ordoñez, and a cast of many extras. Tantalising. New Grove:

    Of Ordonez’s 27 string quartets, the six published as op. 1 by Guera of Lyons in 1777 were the most widely distributed. All begin with a slow movement, in the sonata da chiesa manner, and contain fugal procedures in either the second or the fourth and final movement, thereby linking them with works by Gassmann and Wagenseil which were designed to appeal to the conservative taste of Joseph II. Ordonez’s interest in thematic unity between movements is nowhere more apparent than here.

    Such thematic unity was a major concern of Haydn’s, at various points in his development as a Kammermusikist. I think that is one matter in which he influenced Mozart’s approach to the genre.
    Vaňhal, Mozart, Dittersdorf, and Haydn played string quartets together. We should have been there to witness that, don’t you think, LH?
    What about you, Körőny? Ah, but you did manage to see Van Morrison, if not Vaňhal. He has re-done Astral Weeks live, in recent times. I heard a part of “Madam George” from that. Love to catch the rest of it sometime.

  25. jamessal says:

    John Cowan: Thanks for posting the Wilbur poem and your comments on Old English verse.

  26. Goddag mand økseskaft.

  27. Vaňhal, Mozart, Dittersdorf, and Haydn played string quartets together. We should have been there to witness that, don’t you think, LH?
    Indeed! Well, the Million Dollar Quartet recordings finally turned up, so who knows…

  28. “Wayland — the Smith from Scandinavian myth. Also Weland, Weyland, Völundr. Appears in Old English and Old Norse.”
    It survives as a personal name in the Midsouth – Waylon Jennings.

  29. David Marjanović says:

    Wayland — the Smith from Scandinavian myth. Also Weland, Weyland, Völundr. Appears in Old English and Old Norse.

    Wieland der Schmied – though don’t ask me if he was known in German before, like, Richard Wagner.

    Waylon Jennings.

    Oh. I know a Waylon and used to think that was just another case of Americans picking a surname at random and giving it as a first name to their children…

  30. David Marjanović says:

    Doesn’t exist. Try Kammermusiker or, more fitting for someone who fiddles in the streets and thus derogatory, -musikant.
    Even better, though, would be to stop running away from the word monster: Kammermusikkomponist.

  31. What about you, Körőny?
    The one Haydn work I play a lot is the string quartets, opus 20. My favourite piece by Haydn is Brahms’s St. Anthony Chorale /Variations on a Theme by Haydn (not the piano verson) that used to get played a lot when I was young (7 -10). So I like it for nostalgic reasons, though it’s not really by Haydn.

  32. jamessal: You’re welcome.
    Paul, MMcM: halt historically meant ‘lame’, whereas lame had the original meaning of (per the OED) ‘crippled or impaired in any way; weak, infirm; paralysed; unable to move’. The OED says of this sense “obsolete except archaic”; the last use is 1878, but other than that nothing since 1604: “A Germaine…who was lame of halfe his body, and simple.”

  33. Noetica says:

    Doesn’t exist. Try Kammermusiker or …
    I knew it! Truly, I both knew that Kammermusikist “didn’t exist” (from Google research) and knew that David would intervene. It warms my heart and brightens my brain that he does so.
    But note: it exists now, ill-conceived though some may judge it; and it will soon get a Google hit, just as voyeuseship now exists, since my own intervention on its behalf.

  34. halt historically meant ‘lame’, whereas lame had the original meaning …
    Well, yeah, except note how the KJV translates χωλούς within just a few verses of one another:

    14:13 ἀλλ᾽ ὅταν ποιῇς δοχὴν κάλει πτωχούς ἀναπήρους, χωλούς τυφλούς
    But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind:
    14:21 καὶ παραγενόμενος ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος ἀπήγγειλεν τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτοῦ ταῦτα τότε ὀργισθεὶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης εἶπεν τῷ δούλῳ αὐτοῦ Ἕξελθε ταχέως εἰς τὰς πλατείας καὶ ῥύμας τῆς πόλεως καὶ τοὺς πτωχοὺς καὶ ἀναπήρους καὶ χωλοὺς καὶ τυφλοὺς εἰσάγαγε ὧδε
    So that servant came, and shewed his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind.

    My question is where specifically the cliché “the lame and the halt” (or vice versa, and esp. with “the blind”) arose. The OED has a quotation from John Adams. It’s in The Spectator. It’s in an older Roget’s Thesaurus. There are a plenty of occurrences in Time or Mencken or Supreme Court opinions. So, well established over a wide period of time.
    I’m inclined to suspect an lesser translation of that verse (which Johnson used to illustrate halt), respecting the historical distinction just as you say. But whose and when?

  35. marie-lucie says:

    Years ago I remember learning a little German song which started Wir sind die Musikanten, und komm’n aus Schwabenland.
    Could it be that Musikant has the same relationship to Musiker as fiddler to violinist in English, or French violoneux to violoniste?.

  36. marie-lucie says:

    the lame and the halt
    Could this be one of the many “double reinforced”, as it were, English phrases consisting of two synonyms or near synonyms, as in “kith and kin”, “far and wide”, “cease and desist”, “to have and to hold”, and many others? Such phrases are most noticeable when they have one native and one French or Latinate word (and the repetition is justified for MIddle English by the need to explicate the foreign term by a more common native word), but the habit of repetition may be older than ME.

  37. Wow, at last an explanation for ‘cease and desist’. I have come to loathe that phrase.

  38. “Halt” in Danish specifically refers to lameness of the leg – “at halte” roughly means “to drag (on?)the leg”. “Lam” more generally means paralysed “lam fra halsen og nedefter” ~ “paralysed from the neck down”.
    Funny – without looking it up I’d say that “far and wide” isn’t ‘just’ a doubling or a pleonasm. It describes both depth and breadth (there’s an “a” in that?!! who the frag made this language?!). Similarly “cease and desist” comes across to me as meaning stop what you’re doing right now, and don’t start doing it again. Now looking up “desist” I see that I have indeed inferred meaning where none may be. Funny how brains work.
    Doesn’t “kin” mean family whereas “kith” includes friends an the like?
    Many other? “Chalk and cheese”?

  39. Gosh. Lam in Norwegian means lamb.

  40. So in Norwegian ‘Lam fra halsen nedover’ means ‘Lamb from the neck down’.

  41. marie-lucie says:

    Sili, English seems to like pairs: some of the paired words are antonyms, others are often synonyms or near-synonyms (there are actually very few exact synonyms in any language). “Chalk and cheese” is a pair of antonyms (on opposite ends of a scale between inedible and edible) but they are still linked by their initial sound (plus, at a certain stage of cheesemaking the white mass is similar to a mass of chalk). “Fair and square” is another pair of near-synonyms, which are also linked by rhyming. Sometimes only one member of the pair is in common use, as in “kith and kin” where only “kin” has an independent existence outside of the pair.

  42. Noetica says:

    Pairings that rely on similarities in sound, whether they strengthen sameness or sharpen difference, have always been a major resource in English:

    friend or foe
    hearth and home
    “or in the heart or in the head” (Shakespeare)
    King (or Queen) and country

    Though they seem to be more common with nouns, we have seen above examples with other parts of speech, to which I add:

    waste not want not
    love it or leave it
    to kill with kindness
    be cruel to be kind

    They remind me of those larger semantic doublets that are so much a part of the Hebrew Bible and of its legacy in English, whether through the vicissitudes of early translation or already present in the Hebrew. They’ve changed the ways we use our native tongue / and much enriched our English rhetoric.

  43. marie-lucie says:

    As Noetica’s examples show, alliteration (similarity of initial sound) seems to be much more frequent than rhyme (similarity of final sound) in the paired words. This is in keeping with the oldest, Germanic-based poetic tradition (as in Old English verse relying on alliteration within each line) as opposed to the later French tradition of rhyme.

  44. Maybe that’s all there is. halt and lame were closely associated from the start, possibly tending toward pleonasm. So, an OE homily. And in ME, Cursor Mundi, Hoccleve and Lydgate. All along, but particularly after the Reformation, it was seen as an echo, if not a translation, of the Gospel. And so used in lists of the unfortunate, as in Shakespeare or Bunyan and on to today.

  45. marie-lucie says:

    Opposite to the pair halt and lame is its antonym hale and hearty where the synonymy is reinforced by alliteration. There are dozens of examples in English.

  46. David Marjanović says:

    Could it be that Musikant has the same relationship to Musiker as fiddler to violinist in English, or French violoneux to violoniste?.

    Yes. And there is also Fiedler in German.
    Did “kith and kin” once mean “illegitimate and legitimate relatives” ( = “the entire extended family” = “absolutely everyone”)? Because that’s how etymologists explain the German mit Kind und Kegel: “with the legitimate and the illegitimate children”. Today, BTW, Kegel means “cone”; probably not the same word…
    Like English, German is chock full of fixed phrases that alliterate two or sometimes three singular nouns (here’s another: mit Mann und M Maus untergehen/(ver)sinken: of a ship: “to sink without anyone or anything being rescured”), and like in English, rhyming ones are rare (Sein und Schein: “reality and [misleading] appearance”).

  47. David Marjanović says:

    mit Mann und M Maus untergehen

    See, that’s how DNA polymerase mistakes turn into mutations. <confident nodding> I didn’t try to imply that Mickey Mouse sinks or anything. I doubled the M and then somehow, on autopilot, inserted a space between them… ~:-|

  48. Noetica says:

    Yes, most such pairings involve alliteration, in the time-honoured Germanic way. But not all; and many of these others  – characterised by assonance, half-rhyme, or rhyme – do tend to be more modern and “occasional”, rather than deeply embedded:
    Fair and square.
    [As Marie-Lucie points out.]
    By hook or by crook.
    [Ancient, with a different meaning; preserved because of the rhyme.]
    More arse than class.
    [Or: More ass than class.]
    A need for speed.
    Neat, sweet, petite.
    Make or break.
    O, and look at all these!

  49. marie-lucie says:

    Noetica, the “deeply embedded” ones are those which have stood the test of time. A few of the modern ones will no doubt survive, but not all.
    “by hook or by crook”: in a way, a “crook” (not a person) is a more fancy type of hook, no?

  50. Noetica says:

    Yes Marie-Lucie: or perhaps, those that have stood the test of time are of necessity deeply embedded, but others may also prove to be. Hmmm … or come to be?
    Yes, of course a crook is a kind of hook. But in the dominant account of the origins of by hook or by crook, one implement for legally collecting dead wood for fuel was a crook and the other was not. Competing accounts are given at that same location; for still more see here. See also David Crystal’s book By Hook or By Crook: A Journey in Search of English, which he discusses illuminatingly here.

  51. Doesn’t ‘Bricklehamptons‘ count?

  52. marie-lucie says:

    one implement for legally collecting dead wood for fuel was a crook and the other was not
    Noetica, thank you for the references. According to Crystal’s definition the (bill)hook was used to cut off dead branches from a tree and the crook to gather the wood which had fallen on the ground naturally or not, so either “by hook or by crook” was legal, unlike with the present meaning which implies “by any means whether legal/moral or not”. The other “origins” seem contrived after the fact.
    This explanation reminds me of the fact that in older French, le bûcheron (now “logger”) was not only the man who made des bûches (logs for the fire) by cutting down trees but also the gathered other types of wood. There is a fable by La Fontaine beginning with Un pauvre bûcheron, tout couvert de ramée “A poor logger all covered with small leafy branches”. These small branches would have been tied into fagots for transportation and as units for selling the wood. That the branches were still leafy may mean that laws were less restrictive in France than in England, or that the stricter laws applied in royal forests but not everywhere.

  53. Christophe Strobbe says:

    Could it be that Musikant has the same relationship to Musiker as fiddler to violinist in English, or French violoneux to violoniste?

    Sidenote: “muzikant” (with ‘z’ instead of ‘s’) is Dutch for “musician”, but the Van Dale German-Dutch translating dictionary only mentions “musicus” as a translation for “Musiker”. (And “Musikerin” is translated as “(vrouwelijke) musicus; musicienne”.)

  54. David Marjanović says:

    From the post itself:

    Pound says of it: “It is divided into three parts: […] into Metaphysics: ‘Only the most absolute sincerity under heaven can effect any change’ […]”

    That’s not wisdom, it’s bullshit. History is chock full of example where half-hearted attempts at great lies effected lots and lots and lots of change.

  55. David Marjanović says:

    Regarding postmodernism… I read a blog that has any of a large collection of random quotes popping up every time a page is loaded. Here’s a parody of postmodernist interpretations of science.

    The shape of DNA, it is popularly said, owes its discovery to the chance sight of a spiral staircase when the scientist’s mind was just at the right receptive temperature. Had he used the lift, the whole science of genetics might have been a good deal different. Although, possibly, quicker. And only licensed to carry fourteen people.
    (Terry Pratchett, Sourcery)

  56. Actually David, a better topological example than a spiral stair would be scissor stairs. These are two interlocked double fire stairs that are used in buildings (especially high rise ones) that need two means of egress. They’re used because they take up the least amount of space.
    Take a look here. It’s really hard to explain in words or 2-D drawings.
    It works on the same principle as a double helix. For each staircase, each floor-to-floor change in level requires two flights, with landings at both ends. As one flight goes down, immediately underneath it is a flight of the second staircase coming up. The 2 sets of stairs have a fire separation ( a wall) between them.
    It’s a brilliant solution to subverting the firecode. It’s quite obvious that two means of egress within 15 feet of each other in the centre of the building don’t address the REAL reason why 2 means of egress are required in the first place. They are an interesting monument to city bureaucracy.

  57. marie-lucie,
    My apologies. I won’t try to make a funny again (at least not one that’s disparaging of cheese).
    Yes, “at være lam fra halsen og nedefter” means “to be lamb from the neck down” in Danish, too. I think it has something to do with Afghans.

  58. Haven’t seen an afghan for several decades, didn’t know they were still going. Why don’t they show up on the news? I suppose they really come from somewhere else, like the dhogs.

  59. marie-lucie says:

    Sili, what have you done to me that would require you to apologize?

  60. Nothing much. I just hadn’t expected you to take my claim that “chalk and cheese” was a reduplication at face value. My cheeks must be too big for people to notice that my tongue is stuck in them (where does that expression come from anyway?).

  61. marie-lucie says:

    Sili, I did not realize that you meant to suggest (humorously) that “chalk” and “cheese” meant the same thing, so I did not in fact take this interpretation at face value, but I wondered exactly what you meant.
    Technical linguistic note (skip if uninterested): “reduplication” is not the right term here. Phonologically (from the point of view of sound) they are an instance of alliteration, semantically (from the point of view of meaning) they have nothing obvious in common (at least to the modern speaker unaccustomed to the details of cheese preparation). Reduplication refers to a repetition of sound(s) for the purpose of forming a single word (as in crisscross or zigzag) or more commonly a form of a word (as in the Latin past form pepelli ‘I pushed’ instead of just pelli), it does not apply to a phrase consisting of alliterating words, like chalk and cheese.

  62. I knew reduplication wasn’t right, but pleonasm didn’t sound right either (and even if it did, I know that chalk and cheese are meant as a sort of antonyms – in Danish we say “skidt og kanel” – dirt and cinnamon).

  63. In Danish we say “skidt og kanel” – dirt and cinnamon
    Wow, no skidt! Ski is pronounced shi, so ‘shit’ comes from the Vikings? Were the saxons and celts using ‘shit’ euphemistically, like ‘merde’ or ‘do-do’?

  64. *skīt- is common all over the Germanic languages.
    The phrase that a toddler on the subway was repeating endlessly the other day (as they will) was an Old English conjugation “scit scat.” I assume it comes from some harmless children’s song.

  65. marie-lucie says:

    Sili, pleonasm would be more like “cease and desist” or “theft and larceny” where the two words mean approximately the same thing. Of course I understood that you knew that chalk and cheese were a sort of antonyms, my point was that these sorts of expressions are often either synonyms or antonyms (approximately).
    AJP: ‘shit’ comes from the Vikings?
    No, otherwise it might be “skit” (English “scat” as in “bear scat” is related). But both must be derived from the same Germanic ancestor, which started with sk. Most English words beginning with sk are from the Vikings, and sometimes there are two, English and Norse, versions of the same original word, as in “shirt” and “skirt” which both refer to a garment.

  66. marie-lucie says:

    AJP: merde might be a euphemism in English (since the use of foreign words is well-known for that purpose), but it is certainly not one in French, anymore than mierda in Spanish.

  67. No, that’s right. I was talking about English. Although in fact it’s not so much a euphemism as a sort of joke, it’s usually said with an Edward Heath French accent.

  68. marie-lucie says:

    What is an “Edward Heath French accent”?

  69. ‘shit’ comes from the Vikings?
    m-l: No, otherwise it might be “skit”
    The spelling is a bit misleading here, m-l. ‘Ski-‘ is pronounced ‘shi-‘ in Norwegian (and, I’m assuming, in Danish too). So ‘skidt‘ is probably pronounced roughly ‘shi’ by a Dane, the ‘dt’ being (I’m guessing) silent (-ish).

  70. Ah, I’ll have to see if I can find one on You tube. It’s hilarious to listen to if you’re British — although his French was actually quite good. Heath was the British PM who brought us into the Common Market in the early ’70s.

  71. marie-lucie says:

    AJP: ‘Ski-‘ is pronounced ‘shi-‘ in Norwegian
    Sure, but that is the modern pronunciation, not the Old Norse one. Reread the rest of my comment. The Old English ancestor switched from [sk] to [sh] much earlier than its Norse cousin. The Vikings who settled in England still said [sk] while the English had long switched to [sh], and the Norse words in [sk] were adopted into English with their then current Norse pronunciation. (Phoneticians, forgive me if I put sh in square brackets, but everyone will know what I mean).

  72. Here’s Heath talking English. When he spoke in French he didn’t change his accent at all.

  73. Fascinating, m-l. I’d never thought of ‘shirt’ and ‘skirt’, there must be others…

  74. marie-lucie says:

    AJP: Thank you for the vide. He just sounds British to me, but no doubt the little subleties (coming from what or where?) are immediately recognizable by other Englanders.
    Any history of English will give a list of “Viking words”, and I think there are other such “doublet” pairs.

  75. Sorry – “sk” is /sk/ in Danish. No fancy schmancy postalveolar fricatives for us.
    I wonder is this might be the reason I much prefer /sk/ in “scheme”, “schedule” and so on.
    More fascinating is the evolution of Norse /hr/ – in Danish we lost the fricative, but Norwegian enforced it to /kr/ – so “Kringsat av fjender” is more correctly “Omringet af fjender” – but noöne sings that.

  76. Noetica says:

    …’shirt’ and ‘skirt’, there must be others…
    Yes. Look for a start at the triplet ship, skiff, skip[per], in Partridge.

  77. marie-lucie says:

    Well done or well found, Noetica. I had wondered about skipper but never thought of connecting it to the other two.
    Sili: the evolution of Norse /hr/ – in Danish we lost the fricative, but Norwegian enforced it to /kr/
    I don’t have a comparative Scandinavian or Germanic grammar handy, but is it demonstrated that Norwegian changed the fricative (h) back to the stop (k), or could it be that Norwegian had preserved the original stop all along? Because of the geographical situation of Norway, one could expect the language to be more conservative than Danish or German which have both reduced /hr/ to just /r/. A regression from /hr/ to original /kr/ seems difficult to justify.

  78. Skin and shin are doublets; the fundamental meaning, says the OED, is ‘thin, narrow’. Scale and shale/shell fit here too; skull may also be a member of this group, although the OED is doubtful.

  79. I discovered today that the French for by hook or by crook is à bis ou à blanc, lit. ‘by beige or by white’, but I don’t know why (can’t get any love from the TLFI). The only thing I can think of is the fact that bis < Late Latin bysseus ‘color of (unbleached) cotton’ (etymology unknown), suggesting that it means ‘with bleached or unbleached cotton’ = ‘any old way’.

  80. I discovered today that the French for by hook or by crook is à bis ou à blanc

    ITYM “an antiquated, probably long-forgotten French phrase that might be translated ‘by hook or by crook.'” The normal modern equivalent is coûte que coûte. (Pain bis is ‘brown bread,’ by the way. Bise is the feminine; the homophonous noun is either ‘north wind’ or ‘a kiss.’)

  81. Kringsat av fjender — this is not the same word family as Danish ring, ON hreng, but is cognate with E crank and more remotely ‘crook’. Some sources venture an IE *greg- or *greng-, but most seem to restrain themselves to claiming a common Germanic origin. Note that Danish also has omkring = ‘around’ and kringle = ‘pretzel’.

  82. Having learned to ski in Norway in 1945, my grandfather always pronounced it “shee” and slightly looked down on anyone who pronounced the k, as not being real skiers.
    He also disdained the use of ski-lifts and cable cars. You climbed the hill with your skis over your shoulder, and then you skied down. That way you appreciated it more.

  83. marie-lucie says:

    JC, LH : à bis ou à blanc, lit. ‘by beige or by white’

    As a child I remember reading novels in which pain bis was often mentioned. It took me years before I understood the meaning of bis, or even heard the word pronounced (as [bi]) since brown bread was not in common use at the time. As for the phrase above, I had never seen it.

    About Latin bysseus, if it did apply to cotton it may have originated in Egypt, via Greece. In Europe the common washable textile was most likely to be linen, made with flax fibres.

    The colour of unbleached linen is brownish rather than beige, and exposure to the sun (or frequent washing) causes it to become bleached, after which treatment it is white and can then be dyed to any colour. The French term for the unbleached state is écru, which covers a range of beigeish colours but is not a synonym for beige.

    coûte que coûte

    This phrase means whatever it may cost, at any cost. This is not a modern substitute for the saying about breads: the syntax is archaic as it uses subjunctive forms of the verb coûter ‘to cost’ without initial pronouns or the introductory word que, which would all be required in a modern phrase.

  84. This is not a modern substitute for the saying about breads

    I don’t know what you mean by “the saying about breads,” but if you look up “by hook or by crook” in an English-French dictionary you will find “coûte que coûte.”

  85. Trond Engen says:

    coûte que coûte

    Koste hva det koste vil.

    Undoubtedly a common European saying at some time. And strange as a translation of “by hook or by crook”.

  86. Yeah, they don’t mean exactly the same thing, but idioms often don’t translate exactly. The point is that there’s nothing closer.

  87. marie-lucie says:

    LH: I don’t know what you mean by “the saying about breads,”

    Sorry, I meant the phrase à bis et à blanc which I assumed referred to different types of bread, since for many years I had only encountered bis in the context of bread.

    As far as I know this phrase is totally obsolete, but coûte que coûte is not something modern that has replaced it, it is old too, although still in common use.

  88. Yeah, I didn’t mean it was a modern phrase, I meant it was a modern equivalent.

  89. Wiktionary says that bis means ‘brown’ when applied to bread, but ‘beige’ otherwise. So it might be ‘brown (bread) or white (bread)’ instead of my conjecture ‘unbleached (cotton) or bleached (cotton)’.

  90. David Marjanović says:

    Undoubtedly a common European saying at some time.

    Yes – koste (es), was es wolle. (Purely literary, as you can see from the “present subjunctive”.)

    always pronounced it “shee”

    That’s also done in German, where the spelling usually follows suit these days.

    (…If you want to hear an audible [ʃ], I recommend starting after the first 3 minutes.)

  91. > So ‘skidt‘ is probably pronounced roughly ‘shi’ by a Dane, the ‘dt’ being (I’m guessing) silent (-ish).

    Wow, a lot of guessing there! Apart from the ‘sk’ not being pronounced sh, I think it ought to be mentioned that ‘dt’ is not silentish, unless you consider [d̥] silentish.

    Also, we discussed “skide” quite recently:

  92. Am I the only one who associates “by hook or by crook” with the new Number Two?

  93. marie-lucie says:

    JC: The TLFI mentions several possibilities but ends up inconclusively.

  94. @dainichi, the original context was ‘Vikings’ — so not only was the guess about modern Danish wrong, we’re talking about 800 years ago… marie-lucie had the correct version a few comments earlier.

  95. So only English has a folk saying meaning ‘by any means necessary’? That surprises me.

  96. Russian has не мытьем, так катаньем [ne myt′yóm, tak kátan′em] ‘if not by washing, then by rolling’ (катанье, with initial stress, is used only in this expression; the normal word is катание [katánie]).

  97. David Marjanović says:

    Well… mit Haken oder Kraken would mean “by hook or octopus”, which is awesome enough that I hope it’ll catch on… I don’t think it will, though. ^_^

  98. Krake is ‘octopus’? Delightful!

  99. marie-lucie says:

    I don’t remember where I read (a very long time ago – perhaps in Jules Verne?) an episode about mariners ( or even a single one) having a fight to the death with a sea monster called the Kraken. I have a faint memory of a frightening illustration with serpent- or octopus-like limbs entwined around parts of the ship, or perhaps I am influenced by the original Jabberwock picture in Alice in Wonderland (or its sequel).

  100. Sounds like the battle between the octopuses and the Nautilus in 20,000 Leagues Beneath the Seas. In the movie versions it’s just one giant squid rather than a pack of octopuses.

  101. marie-lucie says:

    JC, you must be right. It’s a very long time since I read the book in French (with illustrations). (I also tried English translations which were unreadable as well as without pictures).

  102. David Marjanović says:

    Krake is ‘octopus’? Delightful!

    Yes and yes! It feels a bit like Linnaeus mocking Classical mythology by, for instance, giving the name Siren to this beast.

  103. I think I’m going to start using “mit Haken oder Kraken,” and if anybody asks, I’ll say it’s Yiddish.

  104. Keep us posted on all uses of this neologism (non-Hattics, it was born here!)

  105. Alas, this remains the only ghit.

    I think chalk and cheese alludes to the similarity in color, at least for un-aged cheeses, such that one might mistake a block of one for a block of the other.

  106. David Marjanović says:

    If Google knows it, the world will know it sooner or later.

  107. I’ve used it a couple times in conversation, but so far I have not observed any uptake from others.

  108. That’s not wisdom, it’s bullshit. History is chock full of example where half-hearted attempts at great lies effected lots and lots and lots of change.

    Chéng 誠 in Confucianism is usually translated by sincerity, but it really means alignment between one’s feelings and the feelings of one’s society, and only secondarily between one’s speech and one’s feelnings.

Speak Your Mind


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Shop Causal Inference In Statistics A Primer 2016

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LEES 604 Week 9

Topic: CHAT Research Criticisms

  • Text: Yamagata-Lynch, L. C. (2010). Activity Systems Analysis Methods: Understanding Complex Learning Environments. New York: Springer.

Discussion Materials

  1. Logistical issues
  2. Review outcome from Qualitative Activity Systems Analysis Task 7
  3. Qualitative Activity Systems Analysis Task 8: Write and reflect on findings
  4. Article summary and discussions: Based on activities you have experienced in this course including readings, discussions, and  assignments share your thoughts on whether you are still interested in CHAT. Explain why or why not. What benefit can CHAT bring to your future research? What are its shortcomings?

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This walking corpse wears only a few soiled rags, its flesh rotting off its bones as it stumbles forward, arms outstretched.

Human Zombie CR 1/2

XP 200

NE Medium undead

Init +0; Senses darkvision 60 ft.; Perception +0

AC 12, touch 10, flat-footed 12 (+2 natural)

hp 12 (2d8+3)

Fort +0, Ref +0, Will +3

DR 5/slashing; Immune undead traits

Speed 30 ft.

Melee slam +4 (1d6+4)

Str 17, Dex 10, Con —, Int —, Wis 10, Cha 10

Base Atk +1; CMB +4; CMD 14

Feats ToughnessB

Special Qualities staggered

Environment any

Organization any

Treasure none

Zombies are the animated corpses of dead creatures, forced into foul unlife via necromantic magic like animate dead. While the most commonly encountered zombies are slow and tough, others possess a variety of traits, allowing them to spread disease or move with increased speed.

Zombies are unthinking automatons, and can do little more than follow orders. When left unattended, zombies tend to mill about in search of living creatures to slaughter and devour. Zombies attack until destroyed, having no regard for their own safety.

Although capable of following orders, zombies are more often unleashed into an area with no command other than to kill living creatures. As a result, zombies are often encountered in packs, wandering around places the living frequent, looking for victims. Most zombies are created using animate dead. Such zombies are always of the standard type, unless the creator also casts haste or remove paralysis to create fast zombies, or contagion to create plague zombies.

Creating a Zombie

"Zombie" is an acquired template that can be added to any corporeal creature (other than an undead), referred to hereafter as the base creature.

Challenge Rating: This depends on the creature's new total number of Hit Dice, as follows:

Alignment: Always neutral evil.

Type: The creature's type changes to undead. It retains any subtype except for alignment subtypes (such as good) and subtypes that indicate kind. It does not gain the augmented subtype. It uses all the base creature's statistics and special abilities except as noted here.

Armor Class: Natural armor is based on the zombie's size:

Zombie SizeNatural Armor Bonus
Tiny or smaller+0

Hit Dice: Drop HD gained from class levels (minimum of 1) and change racial HD to d8s. Zombies gain a number of additional HD as noted on the following table.

Zombie SizeBonus Hit Dice
Tiny or smaller
Small or Medium+1 HD
Large+2 HD
Huge+4 HD
Gargantuan+6 HD
Colossal+10 HD

Zombies use their Charisma modifiers to determine bonus hit points (instead of Constitution).

Saves: Base save bonuses are Fort +1/3 HD, Ref +1/3 HD, and Will +1/2 HD + 2.

Defensive Abilities: Zombies lose their defensive abilities and gain all of the qualities and immunities granted by the undead type. Zombies gain DR 5/slashing.

Speed: Winged zombies can still fly, but maneuverability drops to clumsy. If the base creature flew magically, so can the zombie. Retain all other movement types.

Attacks: A zombie retains all the natural weapons, manufactured weapon attacks, and weapon proficiencies of the base creature. It also gains a slam attack that deals damage based on the zombie's size, but as if it were one size category larger than its actual size (see Natural Attacks).

Special Attacks: A zombie retains none of the base creature's special attacks.

Abilities: Str +2, Dex –2. A zombie has no Con or Int score, and its Wis and Cha become 10.

BAB: A zombie's base attack is equal to 3/4 its Hit Dice.

Skills: A zombie has no skill ranks.

Feats: A zombie loses all feats possessed by the base creature, and does not gain feats as its Hit Dice increase, but it does gain Toughness as a bonus feat.

Special Qualities: A zombie loses most special qualities of the base creature. It retains any extraordinary special qualities that improve its melee or ranged attacks. A zombie gains the following special quality.

Staggered (Ex): Zombies have poor reflexes and can only perform a single move action or standard action each round. A zombie can move up to its speed and attack in the same round as a charge action.

Variant Zombies

The typical zombie is a slow-moving abomination that is tough to destroy. Yet this tough zombie is not the only type of zombie to plague crypts or stalk graveyards. Each of the following two variant zombies modifies the base zombie in a few simple ways.

Fast Zombie

Unlike the standard, plodding zombie, a fast zombie moves with a supernatural quickness.

Speed: Increase the base creature's land speed by 10 feet.

Defensive Abilities: A fast zombie does not gain DR 5/slashing.

Special Attacks: A fast zombie gains the following special attack.

Quick Strikes (Ex): Whenever a fast zombie takes a full-attack action, it can make one additional slam attack at its highest base attack bonus.

Abilities: As a standard zombie, except its Dexterity is increased by 2 instead of reduced by 2.

Special Qualities: A fast zombie does not gain the staggered special quality.

Plague Zombie

These zombies carry a terrible disease that perpetuates their undead lineage—those infected by a plague zombie's contagion rise as zombies themselves when they perish.

Defensive Abilities: A plague zombie does not gain DR 5/slashing.

Special Attacks: A plague zombie gains the following special attacks.

Death Burst (Ex): When a plague zombie dies, it explodes in a burst of decay. All creatures adjacent to the plague zombie are exposed to its plague as if struck by a slam attack and must make a Fortitude save or contract zombie rot.

Disease (Su): The slam attack—as well as any other natural attacks—of a plague zombie carries the zombie rot disease.Zombie rot: slam; save Fort DC = 10 + 1/2 the zombie's Hit Dice + the zombie's Cha modifier; onset 1d4 days; frequency 1/day; effect 1d2 Con, this damage cannot be healed while the creature is infected; cure 2 consecutive saves. Anyone who dies while infected rises as a plague zombie in 2d6 hours.


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Richard Attenborough held my hand and touched my life

By Louisa Milburn, Director For Richard Attenborough Centre.

Louisa Milburn, Director For Richard Attenborough Centre reflects on the life and legacy of Lord Attenborough on The Conversation.

“Richard was a long time supporter of disability and the arts and he’d spearheaded the campaign that led to the opening of the Richard Attenborough (RA) Centre in 1997. As part of the University of Leicester, the RA Centre had won design awards for its approach to accessibility – at a time before legislation made this a requirement.

As we talked, it became clear that Richard was passionate about access to high quality arts for everyone. He wanted to ensure that disabled people had first-class opportunities in the arts, whether this was creating, watching, experiencing or performing. His vision was for a place where disabled people were fundamentally included, where disability was not viewed as a negative, where everyone could thrive.”

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Oh man, its been a while guys. What did we miss? We go over an assortment of news items we've missed while we've been away, and also get to hear about Michal's trip to Disney World!

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text:
Apps That You Should Use In iPhone

World is changed into global village. There are many great things in this world that made it more beautiful for the persons who are living here in 21st century. There are many inventions that change the course of the life of the human being. The invention of the phones made the life of men more easy. In the past its takes too much time to convey messages to others and sometimes persons lost many because of the message delay time but in the fast moving world you can send your messages in seconds which shows that people are good connected with each

The invention of the mobile phone and after that the invention of the iPhones by some of the large companies of the world made the life of man sometimes easy and sometimes complex. People things that their data in the phones are now no more save and they need to work hard to get access and save their data.

So questions is that what type of the apps you should use in your iPhones so that you may enjoy your life more beautiful and enjoy the advantages that are being given to you by iPhone company. You should use what Sapp messenger which helps you ins ending videos audios and many other important contacts its helps you in managing life greatly and you will be in great connection with others. You can use different games apps as well. They will make your life more and more beautiful and you can get great from your life in response to that.

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text:
Keeping It Sweet and Simple: How to Make Friends as an Adult

Keeping It Sweet and Simple: How to Make Friends as an Adult

Photo Credit: monkeybusinessimages /

Don’t Underestimate Friendship

As adults, we may not be as conscious of our friendships as when we were kids. However, having friends is still extremely important, particularly for support, encouragement and acceptance.

There are some people who always seem to have a flock of friends around them, whilst others at the other end of the spectrum keep more to themselves.

You may currently be in a position of seeking new friendships; whether you are new to an area, have moved on from or outgrown an existing friendship or are just looking to increase your network of friends. But making friends is not always an easy task, especially if you aren’t someone who is naturally social or good at striking up conversations.

Here are some ways of breaking out of your comfort zone and making new friends as an adult.

Host a Coffee Morning

A good icebreaker is holding a Coffee Morning. This could also be held to support a charity that you hold close to your heart.

An informal Coffee Morning with local people is a great way to find out about shared interests and to wind down in a relaxing environment with people who you are likely to have things in common with. They are extremely popular in the UK at the moment.

Use Social Media

Whilst there is a downside to social media friendships, and I would never suggest it as a total substitute for “real people,” friends made via social media do have their place in this modern world. This is particularly true if you make friends through forums, as you are likely to meet like-minded people you can chat instantly with, even if they are thousands of miles away.

Take an interest in what your potential friend is talking to you about and ask some questions back to keep the conversation flowing. If you do disagree with some comments on a topic, try to avoid showing any anger or aggression in your words. Instead, remain calm, and be kind and tactful with your comments.

Personally, I like to post or share mainly uplifting and humorous comments/statements, especially on Facebook as this is a very fun way of encouraging friendly banter!

Arrange a Social Activity

Another way to make friends could be to arrange a social activity with your colleagues after work. This needn’t be anything too heavy; it could simply be a few drinks or a game of bowling, for example.

Seeing your colleagues away from their day to day routine is an interesting way of getting to know them properly and a good night out can often lead to fun memories to look back on.

Walk Your Dog More Often

If you’re a dog owner, taking him/her for walks is a great way of running into people and chatting naturally to them (as well as great exercise for you both!).

Taking your dog to the local park in particular could be a great way of meeting potential friends.

Get to Know Other Parents

If you’re a parent you can join toddler groups as a potential way for both you and your child to make friends.

If your kid is of school age, you could invite their best buddy round to play at your house, and also invite their mom or dad for coffee and a chat at the same time.

Try to Improve Your Social Calendar

Where possible, try your best to accept invitations to parties and events you get invited to.

Even if you aren’t the biggest fan of the person who initially invited you, there is a chance you could bond with their friends or other people that have also been invited.

Combine Your Quest for Friends with a Hobby

One of the most natural and enjoyable ways of making new friends is to combine it with a hobby of your choice.

What you decide to get involved in depends on your personal preferences, but it could range from joining a book club or cooking class to forming or joining a local walking or sports team.

Keep Conversations Going

People often talk to us when we are out and about without us giving it much thought. The next time someone talks to you in an elevator or at the grocery store, remember they are being pleasant and could even be trying to form a friendship, too.

Try your best to continue the conversation as far as possible — you may have more in common than you realized.

ListAKA (Top 15 Reasons Why Friends Are Important)

wikiHow (How to Make Friends Online)

All Women’s Talk (7 Hobbies for Making New Friends)

Bustle (7 Ways to Make New Friends as an Adult, Because It’s Not as Easy as It Sounds)


text:
9–18 July 2010

Christian Capurro
The Waste of Breath

He would pass like a stain of breath upon a mirror.
- Robert Louis Stevenson,
  The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde

To show, that is the meaning of the word ‘ostension’ which denotes those particular circumstances in which the ecclesiastical institution takes its image from the darkness of the reliquary and allows it to take the risk of manifesting its vacuity.
- Marie José Mondzain

Opening drinks: 6–9pm, Friday 9 July 2010

The exhibition may be viewed:
Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, 12–5pm


text:
Who IS That Strange Old Woman??

She is Perfection!

Strange Old Woman

Courtesy of RMMula@aol.com

A very weird thing has happened. A strange old woman has moved into my house. I have no idea who she is, where he came from, or how she got in. I certainly didn't invite her. All I know is that one day she wasn't there, and the next day she was.

Old Lady

She's very clever. She manages to keep out of sight for the most part; but whenever I pass a mirror, I catch a glimpse of her there; and when I look into a mirror directly to check my appearance, suddenly she's hogging the whole thing, completely obliterating my face and handsome body. It's very disconcerting.

I've tried screaming at her to leave but she just screams back, grimacing horribly. She's really rather frightening. If she's going to hang around, the least she could do is offer to pay rent.  But no. Every once in a while I do find a couple of dollar bills on the kitchen counter, or some loose change on my bureau or on the floor, but that certainly isn't enough.

In fact, though I don't like to jump to conclusions, I think she steals money from me regularly. I go to the ATM and withdraw a hundred dollars, and a few days later, it's gone. I certainly don't go through it that fast, so I can only conclude that the old lady pilfers it.

You'd think he's spend some of it on wrinkle cream and topee'. God knows, she needs it. And, the money isn't the only thing she's taking. Food seems to disappear at an alarming rate. Especially the good stuff like ice cream, cookies, candy.  I just can't keep them in the house.  She really has a sweet tooth.

She should watch it; he's really putting on the pounds. I think she realizes that, and to make himself feel better, I know she is tampering with my scale so I'll think that I'm gaining weight, too.

For an old woman, she's really quite childish. She also gets into my closets when I'm not home and alters all my clothes. They're getting tighter every day.

Another thing: I wish she'd stop messing with my files and the papers on my desk. I can't find a thing any more. This is particularly hard to deal with because I'm extremely neat and organized; but she manages to jumble everything up so nothing is where it's supposed to be.

Furthermore, when I program my VCR to tape something important, she fiddles with it after I leave the room so it records the wrong channel or shuts off completely.  She finds innumerable, imaginative ways to irritate me. She gets to my newspapers, magazines and mail before me--and blurs all the print; and he's done something sinister with the volume controls on my TV, radio, and phone. Now all I hear are mumbles and whispers.

She's also made my stairs steeper, my vacuum cleaner heavier, all my knobs and faucets hard to turn and my bed higher and a real challenge to climb into and out of. Furthermore, she gets to my groceries as soon as I shelve them and applies super glue to the tops of every jar and bottle so they're just about impossible to open. Is this any way to repay my hospitality?

I don't even get any respite at night. More than once her snoring has awakened me. I don't know why she can't do something about that. It's very unattractive. As if all this isn't bad enough, she is no longer confining her malevolence to the house.

She's now found a way to sneak into my car with me and follow me wherever I go. I see her reflection in store windows as I pass, and she's taken all the fun out of clothes shopping because her penchant for monopolizing mirrors has extended to dressing rooms. When I try something on,  she dons an identical outfit--which looks ridiculous on her and then stands directly in front of me so I can't see how great it looks on me.

I thought he couldn't get any meaner than that, but yesterday she proved me wrong. She had the nerve to come with me when I went to have some passport pictures taken, and he actually stepped in front of the camera just as the shutter clicked. Disaster! I have never seen such a terrible picture. How can I go abroad now? No customs official is ever going to believe that old fart scowling from my passport is me.

She's walking on very thin ice. If she keeps this up, I swear, I'll put her in a home. On second thought, I shouldn't be too hasty. First, I think I'll check with the IRS and see if I can claim her as a dependent.

An Apology To Rose....

The item above was sent to me by a friend with Anonymous as the author! I published it and recently got a nice note from the real author... My apologies for using your great work!

I'm afraid your strange old man is the product of a sex change operation.  I originally wrote this piece about a strange old lady who moved into my house, as documented in my Writer Online article, "Beware the Cyberthiefs" .   (Article is below)

I'm sure you didn't intentionally "steal" it--I've found it on dozens of
sites.  If you would like to continue using it, however, I would appreciate your changing him back into a woman and adding my name as the author and, if possible, my e-mail address (RMMula@aol.com).  If you cannot do this for some reason, I would appreciate your removing it from your site.

Thanks. Rose

After decades of writing, with a few small successes, last fall I finally made the big time.  One of my articles appeared in a nationally syndicated feature.  Ann Landers  devoted an entire column to it.  She dispensed no advice that day—just shared my essay which she hoped her readers would enjoy as much as she had.  Friends in Albuquerque, Los Angeles, New York, Miami, and Washington, D.C. phoned to say they had seen it.

I should have been thrilled, excited, ecstatic.  Instead I was furious, irate, frustrated.   Why?  Instead of carrying my byline, the piece was attributed to an unknown author.  The friends who had called had simply recognized the article as mine because I had sent them copies when I first wrote it two years ago.  My D.C.  “fan” who read it in the “Washington Post” gushed,  “You’re famous!”  Sure I am.  Famous anonymously.

My article concerned a strange old lady who had mysteriously gained access to my house when I wasn’t looking and just moved in.  For the most part she kept out of sight, but I’d occasionally glimpse her as I passed a mirror.  I then recounted the crone’s activities, which were ruining my life.  As you can imagine, it’s not easy for a gorgeous young woman like me to adjust to such eccentricities.  And now the old hag had found her way to Ann Landers without even telling Ann that I had discovered her.  The ultimate affront.

In her column, Ms. Landers identified a cousin in Phoenix as the person who had sent her the piece.  I found said cousin with surprising ease through a Phoenix information operator.  I phoned.  Cousin raved about the article.  “Ann and I laughed and laughed!”  she said.  “I cried,” I told her; and explained why.  I asked where she had originally seen it.  “My son sent it to me,” said she.  “I think he got it on the Internet.   I’m so sorry.  Please give me your name and phone number, and I’ll certainly tell Ann.”  I did.  She did.  Later that day, Ann Landers herself telephoned me to apologize, compliment me, and offer to print an attribution soon which would acknowledge my authorship of the article.  She asked, “What else can I do for you?”  I quipped, “Well, you could put in a good word for me with your syndicate; I’d love to write a regular humor column for them.”  She chuckled.    I didn’t bother explaining that I hadn’t meant my remark to be funny.

I then donned my detective hat and launched a cursory Internet search.  Within minutes, I found my old lady on six different sites.   I e-mailed the writers of the offending web pages.  They responded with profuse compliments, apologies and offers to either remove the piece or attribute it to me.  I chose the latter since the old lady was already running rampant through cyberspace anyway.  Unfortunately, no one could lead me back to the culprit who originally kidnapped her.  All of the sources I was able to identify had received it from someone, who had received it from someone else, ad infinitum.  And each of these recipients apparently sent it to everyone they had ever known since pre-school.

How was the old woman spirited away without my permission in the first place?  Over the past year I had sent the article to a dozen publishers, all of whom declined my generous offer to allow them to pay me big bucks for it.  I then sent it to my small hometown weekly, which was happy to print it (for no bucks).  Did a reader scan it, without my byline, and start the whole distribution chain by e-mailing it to a friend who decided to share it with other cyber pals?  Is that how my old lady got out the door without ever paying me for my hospitality?

My frustration mounted when another friend unearthed still another website which featured my unwelcome boarder.  As I had with the other sites, I e-mailed the owner and asked if she could let me know where she first found it.  Her reply:  “I’ve had the piece, for about twenty years now, and I didn’t get it from the Internet.”  Very interesting, especially since in the article I mentioned VCRs, which certainly weren’t prevalent twenty years ago, and—more important—ATMs, which didn’t exist back then.

To add to the mystery, about a year ago the publishers of the “Chicken Soup for the Soul” books contacted me.  They had seen my old woman somewhere (before she lost her I.D. papers tying her to me, apparently) and wanted permission to consider including her in one of their upcoming volumes.  I have no idea where they discovered her and am now in the process of trying to track down their source.

It’s very disconcerting.  Because of the Internet, the world has expanded exponentially.  Consequently, keeping track of our brain children has become impossible.

By the way, it’s 11:00 PM.  Do you know where your children (and old folks) are?

(c)2000 by Rose Madeline Mula


text:
[ntp:questions] Idea to improve ntpd accuracy

Brian Inglis Brian.Inglis at SystematicSw.ab.ca
Sat Feb 27 17:11:09 UTC 2016

If you have Windows/Linux on Intel/AMD mobos, try OpenHardwareMonitor on Windows with .NET 2+ and Linux with Mono and Winforms: http://openhardwaremonitor.org/documentation/ and https://github.com/openhardwaremonitor/openhardwaremonitor.git

Take care. Thanks, Brian Inglis, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

On 2016-02-27 06:23, Charles Elliott wrote:
> Here are two other ideas you might want to consider to improve accuracy:
> Feed forward (PID) control on system temperature and significant changes in
> system load.  Let me describe the situation.  Right now I have only 3
> computers on a home LAN.  Two, one of which is my main system for email and
> dictating research notes, process BOINC/Einstein at Home work units and one
> serves only as an external-facing NTP client that distributes time to the
> other two.  Due to environmental pressures and the need to conserve energy,
> the two computers processing Einstein at Home WUs stop that at midnight and
> resume at 5 AM automatically.  Ambient temperature affects all 3 computers
> equally, thought its effect is most noticeable on the external-facing NTP
> client.
> When the two computers shed the load at midnight, the offsets immediately
> decrease to between -1 and -2 ms; then, both machines spend all night
> recovering to zero offset at about 5 AM, whereupon the offsets jump up to
> between +0.5 and +1 ms when the load is resumed.  At about 8 AM both
> machines are back to zero offset.
> All during the night, the ambient temperature is falling because
> BOINC/Einstein at Home consumes between 450 and 500 watts of GPU and CPU power
> on each machine on which it runs.  Consequently, the frequency offset (in
> ppm) declines all night, reaching a minimum at 5 AM, and then increases
> steadily on all three machines until it reaches a steady state at about 10
> AM.  It hovers at a fairly steady state until midnight, whereupon the fall
> and rise pattern is repeated.
> PID control is proportional + integral + derivative.  Normally, a control
> signal is proportional to an error signal, such as offset error, in
> proportion to the sum of (offset) errors (integral), and in proportion to
> the change in (offset) error (jitter). However, for temperature, there is no
> concept of error; it is what it is.  For control as a function of
> temperature (T), there clearly is a direct functional relationship between
> ppm and T, such as ppm = Kp T.  Jitter lags both temperature and system load
> changes by about 2 hours, so I am not sure derivative control is wise or
> even possible.  Integral control is what yanks the elevator up to floor
> level when the brakes are slipping.  It can be hard to get right because of
> the yo-yo effect.  Obviously, more thought has to be put into all this.  But
> I have been watching these relationships for several weeks with NTP Plotter,
> and they are obvious and fairly consistent.
> What started me off on this, is that CPUID (www.cpuid.com), makers of CPU-z,
> HardwareMonitor, and HardwareMonitorPro, the latter two of which do an
> excellent job of monitoring all manner of system and peripheral
> temperatures, is offering a "System Monitoring SDK" for evaluation.  The
> idea would be to record the relationships between various temperature
> measurements and ppm and then try to adjust the PPM adjustment with
> temperature to see if any improvement is offsets results.  However, CPUID
> never replied to my email.
> Charles Elliott
> -----Original Message-----
> From: questions
> [mailto:questions-bounces+elliott.ch=comcast.net at lists.ntp.org] On Behalf Of
> Weber
> Sent: Thursday, February 25, 2016 4:52 PM
> To: questions at lists.ntp.org
> Subject: [ntp:questions] Idea to improve ntpd accuracy
> This may or may not be worthwhile, but I thought I'd throw it out there and
> see what happens:
> Recent work testing some microsecond-accurate NTP servers lead me to an idea
> that could improve accuracy of measurements made by ntpd. These NTP servers
> have hardware timestamps on receive but that's not possible on transmit w/o
> a custom NIC. I've seen this issue discussed before.
> The next best thing is to generate the transmit timestamp based on a guess
> as to how long it takes the NIC to get on the wire and send the packet. That
> works pretty well as long as there's no other network traffic. In this
> situation, it is possible to make use of microsecond accuracy in an NTP
> server.
> Now, add some typical network traffic and the time it takes the NIC to get
> on the wire becomes unpredictable to the tune of 200us or more (for
> 100 base-T Ethernet). The server's microsecond accuracy is largely lost in
> the noise.
> The NIC generates an interrupt after the packet is sent which can result in
> a fairly accurate trailing hardstamp. The problem is...the packet is already
> gone and has the wrong transmit timestamp.
> Here's my idea:
> What if the poll response packet contained a flag or indication of some sort
> which means "this is an approximate transmit timestamp". That packet would
> then be immediately followed by a second response packet with a more
> accurate transmit time. The second packet could be otherwise identical to
> the first, or it could be a new flavor of packet that contained only the
> transmit time (that would save on network bandwidth).
> The ntpd process would need to use the receive time of the first packet (the
> one with an approximate tx timestamp) and merge in the following accurate tx
> timestamp before performing the normal processing associated with a poll
> response.
> Here are the pros and cons I can think of:
> Pros
> * Possible accuracy improvement of 1-2 orders of magnitude. I know ntpd
> already does some work to try and filter out network delay variation so the
> improvement might not be a full 2 orders of magnitude.
> * Could potentially be made compatible backwards compatible with ntp 3/4
> protocols
> Cons
> * Increased network traffic
> * Improvement to that level of accuracy might not be of interest to anyone
> * Could be a fair bit of work for at least a couple of folks
> * I may have (or probably) missed some stuff regarding network behavior that
> would reduce the level of improvement that could be realized.
> * Perhaps this is less of an issue on G-bit Ethernet?
> Wondering if anyone thinks this idea is worth pursuing further...?

More information about the questions mailing list


text:
[Rpm-announce] RPM 4.14.0 released!

Panu Matilainen pmatilai at redhat.com
Thu Oct 12 09:22:52 UTC 2017

In short, RPM 4.14.0 is out now. It's not quite what we originally had
in mind - some things we planned for didn't make it, but perhaps more
importantly, it's actually a whole lot MORE than we ever could've

Some highlights:
- Major revamp of debuginfo packages
   - Debuginfo packages are parallel installable
   - Debuginfo can be split to subpackages and separate source package
   - Debugedit supports string/line table rewriting
- Major macro engine changes to sanitize and improve the "language"
   - Parametric macro arguments are expanded and quotable
   - Scoping is enforced for automatic macros
   - Buggy "block level" scoping is gone, only macros defined inside
     parametric macros are considered local
- Major rewrite of package/header reading and signature checking to
   utilize a single codepath
- Support for with/without/unless rich dependencies
- A configurable mode to conserve SSD disks
- Experimental LMDB database backend

...and I'm sure I missed several things worth being on that list,
because there's an absolutely *huge* amount of enhancements and fixes
all over the place, from over 20 contributors. For details and download
information, head over to

On behalf of rpm-team,

	- Panu -

More information about the Rpm-announce mailing list


text:
OASIS Mailing List ArchivesView the OASIS mailing list archive below
or browse/search using MarkMail.

Help: OASIS Mailing Lists Help | MarkMail Help

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3 basic XML questions on: non-determism, reserved symbols, and xml:lang

Hi Folks,

I have three basic XML questions:

[1] It was my understanding that the following is not allowed:

     <!ELEMENT signature (name | (name, date))>

because it would require an XML Parser to "look-ahead" when it
encountered the <name> element to determine which choice was taken.

I have actually tested this example with xerces and XML Spy.  Both
parsers accept this.  Are they erroneously accepting this?  Can someone
please clarify what it means that non-deterministic content models are
not allowed in XML?

[2] It was also my understanding that the following symbols are
"reserved", and may not be used in an instance document's data:

     <  >  &  "  '

Instead, the "escaped" version must be used:

   <  >  &  "  '

However, my experience is that XML Parsers do not require >, ", or ' to
be escaped.  Can someone please clarify what are the "reserved"
symbols?  When do I need to escape >, ", and '?

[3] The purpose of xml:lang is to indicate the language of the contents
of an element.  It was my understanding that xml:lang is a "standard"
attribute that may be used on any element.  However, I have found that
whenever xml:lang is used on an element it must be declared in the DTD.
How can it be "standard" if it has to be declared?  I guess that
"standard" does not mean "built-in"?

Thanks!  /Roger


text:
• Age
  • Genre
  • Format
  • Imprint
123 Sea!
123 Sea!
Illustrator: Julie Fletcher

1, 2, 3, count the jolly sea creatures! This fun and colourful board book features chunky tabs making it easy for little fingers to turn the pages. The special shiny finish on every page is sure to engage little ones learning first numbers and counting skills.
Pages: 12
Format: Novelty book
Price: £4.99
ISBN: 9781848570276

Write a review

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text:
Spring at the Smokehouse exhibition

**Recommended as one of the top five exhibitions for April 2012 by First Thursdays **

Spring in the ski season is a poignant time – there are no ‘new beginnings’  as the chances to ride start to melt  away– the snow is melting, transforming, and any new snow that comes will disappear quickly too.  It is ending for another year. Seize the day, live in the moment.  Find spring snow.

Spring Skiing at Flegere

While the world wakes up and notices new beginnings  – for any winter sports lovers,  it is an indication that the snow is soon going to disappear for another year. Any regular skier or boarder will feel at their strongest and at their best in Spring as the season ebbs to a close. Spring, in this case, means an end.

Spring Snowboarder

The quality of spring snow is unique; it has been transformed by the evolutions in the changing winter weather, and more sunlight as the earth warms.  It can feel old, scratchy, used or dirty on piste, and in the mornings it can be icy, difficult to manage. But on an afternoon after the sun has softened it, it can be the most forgiving and flattering surface.

With mild weather, it is a time to make the most of what is left. Spring in the ski season is a reminder to relax, and live in the moment.

Spring Snow in Courmayeur

These  paintings  were inspired by scenes in the Mont Blanc region of France and Italy over this past winter season 2012 and will be exhibited at ‘Spring at the Smokehouse’ exhibition  in London from this April 5th to May 6th.

Spring at the Smokehouse Catalogue


text:
Long Beach Skyline
Planning on visiting Long Beach?

Take a look at our latest article on the top attractions in Long Beach.

Not a visitor?

See how much you know about the history of Long Beach if you are craving some hometown trivia.

All others: below you will see the browseable, searchable contents of our Long Beach business directory.

Electric Equipment And Supplies Job Lots - Long Beach, CA

Diamond U Products
1429 Magnolia Avenue
(562) 436-8245
(562) 495-1390
(800) 777-1014
Our products and services include couplings, fittings, hoses and tools.
Control Switches INTL Inc
2425 Mira Mar Avenue
(562) 498-7331
(562) 498-5894
(800) 521-1677
Walters Wholesale
2825 Clark Avenue
(562) 988-0926
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text:
Longparish Parish Council

The Parish Council has 10 members and is elected every four years. The next election will be in 2015. Those interested in serving on the Parish Council are particularly welcome to attend meetings, and should ask the Clerk for advice on election procedures.

The Council normally meets in the Meeting Room at the Village Hall at 7.30pm on the second Monday of every month except August.  Arrangements are made for the Planning sub committee to meet in August if necessary, to provide continuity. The Annual Parish Meeting is held in March or April and the Annual Meeting of the council (when officers and committees are elected) is in May.

The times and the agenda of each meeting are posted on the notice boards by the village shop and in Forton three working days before the meeting.

Parishioners are welcome to attend any meeting, and time is made available for them to voice any concerns.

Our Borough Councillor and County Councillor attend when their schedules permit.

The Council employs a part-time Clerk to deal with all correspondence, take minutes, and execute Council decisions. Click here to contact the Longparish Parish Council.

The damaged swing in the playground has now been taken down, and the PC are researching a suitable replacement.

We are very grateful to receive information of this nature, and ask that any other issues be reported to:

Sally Lawman

Clerk, Longparish PC

Tel: 01264 738716

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

The Village Design Statement aims to describe the village as it is today and how we would like it to develop. This can then be used to guide planning and development.

Details of applications including plans and background papers are in the planning area of the TVBC website.

If you want to alter or extend your property, including outbuildings and fences, you may well need planning permission from the Test Valley Borough Council (TVBC), especially if you live in the Conservation Area.

Parts of the Parish have been designated a Conservation Area. See the Character Appraisal on the Test Valley website:

In this section we've tried to bring together basic information and contact details for the various levels of Government that can impact on the people of Longparish. If you want to explore further, the Hampshire County Council site, Hantsweb at www.hants.gov.uk is an extremely useful and comprehensive site and is highly recommended.


text:
Top Professionals, Services and Products

Recommended Links & Resources

Business Directories

1) Findin'Services is a national business directory (with hundreds of categories) and a great resource for increasing online exposure to your website, services and/or products. Creating a listing is quick, secure and easy. You also have the option of a free basic listing or several featured listing options that have higher priority and additional network features for you to utilize.  Visit this

2) AZ Business Directory is a free local network developed specifically for Arizona resources. This is another great place to add your AZ business website for additional search exposure and high quality, targeted lead generation.  Visit this

3) Local Company Locations is clean, easy to use national business directory that offers quality free and featured business listing options.  Visit this

Certified Machinery & Equipment Appraisal

The Appraisal Report

The Appraisal Report

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Author: Brynn Davies

PREMIERE: Melbourne supergroup Monnone Alone get deep (but not so meaningful) in ‘Cut Knuckle’ video

Written by on 3 October 2018

Mark Monnone is a man about – and under – Melbourne town. Head honcho at Lost and Lonesome records and former bassist of the Lucksmiths, Monnone pulled together a motley crew to form his misnomered four-piece Monnone Alone in 2009. Featuring Joe Foley (Aleks & the Ramps), Louis Richter (Mid-State Orange) and Gus Franklin (Architecture in Helsinki, The Smallgoods), “I […]

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PREMIERE: AIRPORTS Just Dropped The ’00s Throwback Party Anthem Of The Year

Written by on 17 August 2018

“Don’t get your panties in a tangle“, but AIRPORTS – the moniker of Sydney producer Aaron Lee – has just dropped a steaming hot pile of awesome in the form of your fave new party anthem, Single Together.  Oozing funk ‘n’ groove, Single Together will have you getting down in your apple-bottom jeans like you’re freshly legal and slamming vodka raspberries […]

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Music Industry, R U OK?

Written by on 14 September 2017

Working in the music industry is a tough slog. We roller coaster between extreme adrenaline highs and crashing lows. The line between ‘real life’ and ‘work’ is blurred at best, non-existent more often than not. Food and sleep are grabbed whenever there’s a chance; time for family, friends and ourselves is rare; we live out [...]

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Vera Blue – ‘Perennial’

Written by on 19 July 2017

Vera Blue’s debut full-length Perennial is an album of healing, growth and reflection. Sydney's Celia Pavey has bravely documented the past 18 months of heartbreak, emotional turmoil, learning and hope, following a break-up in the midst of her whirlwind artistic success. Here, the personal meets the profession, Pavey drawing on her story to create 12 [...]

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Kirin J Callinan – ‘Bravado’

Written by on 8 June 2017

Kirin J Callinan is one of those paradoxical artists who push our ability to differentiate between brilliant and bad. In other words, he’s a tonic for complacency. The fact that his tongue-in-cheek volatility is intentional just makes the ambitiousness of Bravado all the more intriguing. Sit down, take a deep breath and try to forget everything [...]

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Education law center

education law center photo - 1

education law center – lets answer the questions: why is it important in modern life? How to get? What to do?

Why do you need education law center?

Only education law center will allow you to be in the trend of the modern development of society. Today it is important to be not just educated, but to receive continuous knowledge. If you stop in your development, then you can keep up with life. The dynamics of the development of modern society is mad and it is gaining momentum more and more. In the 19th century, people throughout their lives received as much information as a modern person receives in a few days or months of life.

How to get education law center?

Today getting an education law center is very simple. There are full-time, part-time and distance learning. You can go to school, and you can study at home at the computer. You just need to decide what kind of training is more convenient for you.

Methods education law center.

If earlier the book and the notebook were the main tools of the teacher and the student, then today education law center uses various tools: text, video, interactive. ЗD programs for the process visualization, programmable tasks and artificial intelligence are the first assistants in education law center.

What are the results of education law center?

Getting theoretical knowledge is not enough. Today, you should have practical skills not only in a specific subject, but also be able to develop independently, that is, be able to receive and apply advanced knowledge that appears every second.

Go to study!

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