text:
Fashionopolis: The Price of Fast Fashion and the Future of Clothes

We rated this book:

Fashionopolis is a well-written and researched book that looks at the cost of fast fashion in terms of labor relations, environmental damage, and changing forms of production. It asks, “is the current trend of quick output and rapid turnover in shops like Zara sustainable?” Not surprisingly, the answer is no.

Many are probably well aware of news reports about labor exploitation in the garment industry, but there is also an environmental impact that has been gaining attention. For example, a large amount of water is consumed to grow cotton to produce items such as t-shirts and jeans. Not to mention the vast amounts of pesticides and chemicals need to grow the crops and process the clothing. And what happens when we are tired of wearing these items? Throwing them in a landfill is not the answer since many fabrics are not biodegradable.

The author focuses her attention not just on the history of production but also on how businesses and researchers are seeking new ways to help the industry change to a model of production and use that is better for consumers and the environment. But will customers be satisfied with the idea of buying less and paying more for quality? I’m not so sure but, after reading this, I will be thinking more about the real cost of the garments I’m wearing.

Reviewed By:

Author Dana Thomas
Star Count 5/5
Format Hard
Page Count 320 pages
Publisher Penguin Press
Publish Date 2019-09-03
ISBN 9780735224018
Amazon Buy this Book
Issue December 2019
Category Current Events & Politics

There are no reviews yet.

Be the first to review “Fashionopolis: The Price of Fast Fashion and the Future of Clothes”

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response

WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: text/html

WARC-Type: response

text:
Dec. 3 Sarasota City Commission discussion planned on new issues related to proposed development of Marian Anderson Place site

New environmental assessment points to need for removal of soil from areas where buildings would be constructed, to eliminate worries about ‘settling’

A rendering shows plans for a vocational-technical training facility and industrial space on the Marian Anderson Place site. Image courtesy City of Sarasota

On May 7, the Sarasota City Commission voted unanimously to approve an Arlington, Texas, company’s proposal for a feasibility study regarding development on the Marian Anderson Place site in North Sarasota.

As part of the agreement, UrbanAmerica LLC would have 180 days to determine whether the former brownfield property could be transformed into an economically viable mix of uses. The company’s initial plan, as presented to the commission, called for about 4 acres of commercial, retail and office space; approximately 7.5 acres for a vocational-technical school and industrial park, with the latter described as “smart business incubator areas”; and about 1.5 acres of passive recreational space.

During the commission’s regular meeting on Nov. 19, City Attorney Robert Fournier won unanimous consensus of the board members to hold a discussion on Dec. 3 about UrbanAmerica’s proposal for another study to determine more details related to the site’s use as an unauthorized dumping ground from the 1940s through the 1960s.

In the meantime, Fournier asked for — and received — commission consensus to extend the due diligence period for UrbanAmerica until Dec. 3.

“There is a problem on the site with solid waste,” Fournier said, “as opposed to contaminants.”

Because of concerns that arose out of the investigation of the property — undertaken by the environmental firm Cardno in Clearwater — Fournier added that the company told city staff it appears 6 feet of soil would have to be dug out in areas where the company plans buildings, with at least 3 feet having to be removed from locations for other construction, such as parking lots. The action would be necessary to eliminate concerns about the “settling” of buildings because of construction and demolition debris and household trash remaining underground, Fournier reported.

These are questions that Cardno says another study could answer in regard to preparing areas of the Marian Anderson Place site for redevelopment. Image courtesy City of Sarasota

Further, Cardno estimated that only 30% of the excavated soil would be suitable for reuse on the site, Fournier pointed out. The rest of the material, he said, would have to go to “a land disposal facility capable of accepting environmentally-impacted soil and debris,” according to an Oct. 11 Cardno letter to UrbanAmerica Senior Vice President Robert C. Farmer Jr.

The lower estimate for all the site preparation work was $7,378,805, Cardno wrote in that letter, Fournier said. The high estimate was $8,508,408.

These are details of the cost estimates for soil excavation and disposal from Cardno. Image courtesy City of Sarasota

However, Cardno also had suggested to UrbanAmerica that another study of the site — at a cost of about $40,450 — could determine areas where construction could be undertaken without the potential of soil removal, Fournier added.

“[A] combined geotechnical and environmental site evaluation is proposed that focuses on the soils and debris located beneath the areas where various one story and two story buildings are proposed,” says a Sept. 24 letter from Terry Griffin, senior project manager and hydrogeologist for Cardno, and Miles G. Ballogg, Brownfield and Economic Development Practice Group leader for Cardno.

The Oct. 11 letter from Cardno pointed out that UrbanAmerica provided it with “a conceptual design plan for the 13.5-acre site” that included the following:

  • One 28,000-square-foot, two-story office building.
  • One 49,420-square-foot, two-story office building.
  • One 49,000-square-foot, one-story shopping plaza building.
  • One 45,000-square-foot, one-story industrial building.
  • One detention pond (estimated at 50,000 square feet).

The letter added that “approximately 80% of the remaining 366,640 [square feet] of the property — [293,312 square feet] — “will be dedicated primarily to paved parking and roadways …”

During a meeting with city staff in early November, Fournier continued, UrbanAmerica representatives asked for an extension of the due diligence period, so they could address the issues with the commissioners.

A graphic provides details about the project UrbanAmerica proposed in May for the Marian Anderson Place site. Image courtesy City of Sarasota

That discussion came too late for an item to be put on the Nov. 19 City Commission agenda, Fournier pointed out, and the due diligence period was going to expire over the long Thanksgiving holiday weekend.

Therefore, Fournier continued, his solution was to ask the commission on Nov. 19 for a motion or consensus to extend the due diligence period to Dec. 3.

Commissioner Willie Shaw told Fournier that he believed the city hired Cardno to undertake studies of the Anderson Place site about five years ago. Those materials should be of help, Shaw added.

Those studies would be available for inclusion in the discussion, Fournier indicated. “That’s a fair point, yes.”

Fournier emphasized the necessity of board consensus on extension of the due diligence period. “We didn’t want to go out of contract.”

With nods, the commissioners agreed to his request.

warcinfo:
isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10
publisher: Common Crawl
description: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020
operator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)
hostname: ip-10-67-67-123.ec2.internal
software: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)
robots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)
format: WARC File Format 1.1
conformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/


text:
Feasibility study approved to make technical determinations about water taxi service in city

City Commission splits 3-2 on staff recommendation for $108,500 consulting contract

A graphic shows potential passenger ferry routes that the owner of Paradise Boat Tours discussed with the City Commission in 2017. Image courtesy City of Sarasota

On a 3-2 vote, the Sarasota City Commission has authorized a $108,500 budget amendment to hire a St. Petersburg consulting firm to undertake a feasibility study regarding the potential for a water taxi service.

The goal, city Transportation Chief Planner Colleen McGue explained on April 15, is to determine where water taxi docks could be constructed, with city staff proposing the exploration of possibilities for St. Armands Circle, Ken Thompson Park on City Island and Marina Jack at Bayfront Park.

The firm approved for the project is was J Foster Consulting LLC, whose manager is Joseph T. Foster, according to a city staff memo.

The company handles underwater photography, hydrological surveys and bathygraphy, McGue told the City Commission. It “came highly recommended” from four different sources who had used its services, McGue added. One of those was the City of Naples.

(A Sarasota News Leader check of the consulting firm’s website also found a project it had conducted for the City of Madeira Beach.)

“We did a lot of research on this company,” city Planning Director Steven Cover added. Foster received “nothing but the highest of accolades. [The firm is] very scientific, very savvy, very experienced.”

McGue said the timeline calls for Foster Consulting to have its final report ready for presentation to the commission in January 2020. “So we’re looking for a quick turnaround on this.”

The Town of Longboat Key also may hire Foster Consulting to do similar work for the town, she noted, after town representatives discussed the mater with city staff.

Planning Director Steven Cover and Chief Transportation Planner Colleen McGue address the City Commission on April 15. News Leader image

Commissioner Willie Shaw, who made the motion to approve the budget amendment, pointed to the master plan for The Bay, the 53-acre waterfront park the commissioners have approved. Referencing comments city resident Martin Hyde made in opposition to the feasibility study’s expense, Shaw stressed that a water taxi “is a component of that project … just to not make [a water taxi] sound as ludicrous as others do.”

Vice Mayor Jen Ahearn-Koch seconded the motion.

Mayor Liz Alpert told her colleagues, “I think this is what we need to do in terms of being deliberate about making some of these multimodal [options] happen.” Referring to a comment Commissioner Hagen Brody had made — that a water taxi would be “a mild tourist attraction” that would not remove cars from the road — Alpert pointed out that tourists contribute to the traffic congestion about which people complain.

Alpert also concurred with Shaw about a water taxi service being part of the concept for The Bay’s public amenities.

“Obviously, I voted against this the last time” a water taxi was discussed, Brody said. “I’ve tried to push more practical solutions for traffic. … This is better left to the private sector.”

A graphic shows facets of the master plan for The Bay. Image courtesy City of Sarasota

Commissioner Shelli Freeland Eddie also voted “No” on the motion, arguing that she believed staff could find grant funds for the feasibility study, instead of using money set aside from the BP settlement over the 2010 Deepwater Horizon environmental disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, or money from the city’s Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) Trust Fund.

McGue had explained that staff was proposing to take $48,500 from the BP Reserves and $50,000 from the CRA budget, along with $58,000 in General Fund revenue, to pay for the study. (The General Fund is made up largely of property tax revenue the city receives.)

Noting that the city had only one response to the Request for Proposals (RFP) that it advertised for the feasibility study, Freeland Eddie added, “I think we should put [the RFP] back out there for bid,” as well as research the possibility of public/private funding partnerships.

Laying the groundwork

During the staff presentation, McGue explained that the City of Sarasota has had an ordinance since 2003 “to plan for alternative transportation services and the development [of] water taxi and water ferry services.” Yet, she continued, no water taxi operation has begun.

Commissioner Willie Shaw. File image

Commissioner Shaw noted the discussion the board members had in early 2017 with Capt. Sherman Baldwin of Paradise Boat Tours, who wanted to start a water taxi service from the 10th Street Boat Ramp, “and that didn’t work. … We didn’t have docking space.”

As part of staff’s work on the Transportation Master Plan that the commission approved earlier this year, McGue continued, staff felt a feasibility study regarding water taxis “would really add some positive value” to that plan.

After holding discussions with operators of such services, she said, “We have deemed it important” for the city to research issues relative to infrastructure for water taxis. The feasibility study, McGue added, “would really focus on technical issues instead of a market analysis for a water taxi …”

Staff then decided on the RFP from that perspective, she pointed out.

The only firm that responded, according to material provided to the commissioners in their agenda packets for the April 15 meeting, was Foster Consulting.

Commissioner Brody suggested that the RFP should have been for a water taxi operator. Perhaps such a company, he said, would “do this [research] for us and we wouldn’t have to spend this money.”

“There have been a few people that have been interested” in providing water taxi service to the city, McGue told him. In fact, she continued, they helped city staff settle on the scope of work outlined in the RFP.

However, many of the operators do not have the scientific background to undertake the work the city needs to have completed, Planning Director Cover pointed out.

Boats ride at anchor in Sarasota’s mooring field, adjacent to O’Leary’s. The waterfront restaurant and bar at Bayfront Park also is a potential water taxi docking location, city staff says. File photo

The research, McGue added, “is really specific to public sites.”

Thanks to the expertise of the consulting firm, she said, city staff will “know exactly where the pickup and drop-off points will be” for a water taxi service.

“I think, frankly, it’s a silly idea,” Brody told her, referring to water taxi operations.

City staff could issue an RFP for water taxi operators after the research has been completed, Mayor Alpert said. “I know the county would also like to see [such an alternative form of transportation established].”

“Yes!” McGue responded. “There’s a lot of regional desire for this — Siesta Key, Longboat Key … That is a goal of the study.”


text:
We have set your delivery country to Australia | Change Country

No products

AU$ 43.00
Sleeveless Top With Ruffled Hem

This top takes inspiration from the life that lies beneath the Caribbean sea. Made from whisper-weight crepe, this blouse has a loose fit and sculptural ruffles at the front that resemble frothy, rippling waves. Wear it layered under a blazer and tailored pants.

- Round neckline, sleeveless
- Relaxed silhouette
- Ruffled detail
- Centre-back concealed button fastening
- 100% Light-weight crepe
- Model: Masha (Russia)
- Height: 177cm / 5ft 8inches - Wears: Size (S)
- Movielist: Loving Vincent
- Afterhours: Lemonade
- Spotify: Rihanna

Colour -


WARC-Truncated: length

text:
Wednesday, June 13, 2018

Study: 1 in 3 Americans Take Meds With Depressive Side Effects

One third of Americans are taking prescription and over-the-counter drugs, such as birth control pills, antacids and common heart medications, that may raise the risk of depression, researchers warned on Tuesday.

Since the drugs are so common, people may be unaware of their potential depressive effects, said the report in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).

"Many may be surprised to learn that their medications, despite having nothing to do with mood or anxiety or any other condition normally associated with depression, can increase their risk of experiencing depressive symptoms, and may lead to a depression diagnosis," said lead author Dima Qato, assistant professor of pharmacy systems, outcomes and policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Anonymous said...

Ask B.D. on old ocean city road near that school

Charged before on beating up his wife

Pulls a gun out on anybody near his property

nut job on prescription drugs

Anonymous said...

When I was growing up there was an old man who lived where Green Meadows Mobile Home Park currently sits.He was like the guy 7:24 described,but that was in the early 60's.Maybe drugs caused him to go ballistic every time someone stepped on his property? He smoked one cig after another,but did not drink that we were aware of.He had dozens of in & out cats & never cleaned up after them other than placing newspaper over their business when they did it inside.When he died there was at least 4 inches of newspapers on the floors that had to be shoveled up.All of us know someone who was strange I suppose.


text:
Sawant unveils proposal for Seattle payroll tax

This morning, Council member Kshama Sawant unveiled her proposal for a new payroll tax in Seattle, independent of (and possibly on top of) one already proposed for King County.

She said that her proposed tax would raise $300 million annually, of which 75% would be used for affordable housing and social services, and 25% for converting existing homes from oil and gas heat to electric systems.

Sawant’s proposed tax would be imposed only on the companies in the top 3% of total Seattle-based payroll, at or above about $7 million annually. She estimates that would be about 825 local companies. Non-profits, public employers, and grocery stores would be exempted from the tax.

Of the $300 million that Sawant estimates the tax would raise in new annual revenues, 75%, or $225 million, would be directed to building new public affordable housing and providing supportive human services to accompany them.  She expected this would fund the creation of 800 additional housing units each year.

The other 25%, $75 million, would be devoted to a program to convert existing homes in Seattle that currently use heating oil or natural gas to electricity-based heating systems. Sawant estimates that this could fund about 4,700 conversions per year.

Sawant touted her bill not only as a housing and Green New Deal bill, but also as a “public-sector, unionized, living wage jobs bill.”

The bill itself is not yet drafted. With the parameters now announced, she said that City Council staff will work on drafting it up, and that she hopes to introduce it before the end of February.

Sawant continued to rail against the threat of a local preemption clause in HB 2907, the bill being considered in the state legislature that would authorize King County to impose a payroll tax.  A preemption clause, if added, would prevent  Seattle from imposing its own payroll tax on top of King County’s. The City Council has come out strongly against preemption.

Sawant’s press release makes several other estimates of the impact of the tax without providing supporting details. SCC Insight has asked Sawant’s office for more information, which they have promised for tomorrow. Expect a follow-up post then with a more detailed analysis of Sawant’s proposal.

Mayor Jenny Durkan issued a statement today opposing Sawant’s plan as too large and not focused on regional solutions:

We need a new, progressive business tax to help our most vulnerable communities, which is why I worked on a plan in Olympia that has the broad support from labor, community advocates and even some in the business community who want to tax themselves to address our homelessness and housing crisis.

 We know our homelessness and housing crisis is not confined to any city borders – it is a regional crisis that demands a regional solution. It’s one of the reasons our region came together to pursue a new regional authority to consolidate a fractured homelessness response.

 I believe that big businesses can and should pay more to address our challenges, but this proposal that is six times bigger than the failed Council head tax proposal is not a plan that I can support.

 Being progressive means actually making progress. While slogans are nice, a failed, divisive fight that is high on rhetoric but low on outcomes, or one that funds lawyers instead of housing, is not an actual solution.

 Come next January, I want Seattle and our region to have resources to address this crisis, and I will continue to support a progressive solution to meet Seattle and our region’s vision for affordable housing and homelessness.

The Downtown Seattle Association, which has thrown its support behind HB 2907 with a preemption clause, issued its own statement this afternoon, also emphasizing the regional approach:

The table has been set for progressive revenue that would address our regional homelessness and housing affordability crisis. We remain firm in our belief that a coordinated countywide measure is the most effective approach. Since 2018, the city and county have taken important strides to create a new Regional Homelessness Authority that will centralize responsibility and accountability. A Seattle-only approach undermines that effort.

The Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce, to no one’s surprise, also opposed Sawant’s proposal and directly attacked Sawant:

Slogans are one thing; governing effectively is another. State legislators are having serious conversations with stakeholders about a regional approach to add funding for housing and homelessness. In contrast, Councilmember Sawant  is spending her time printing posters and calling press conferences.

Assuming a Seattle payroll tax isn’t preempted by the state legislature and Sawant follows through and introduces her bill, it’s unclear how it will fare in the City Council. Some of her colleagues, such as Council member Herbold, have expressed  a preference for allowing the voters to approve a new tax, rather than the Council. To that end, the Council could vote to put a proposal on the ballot either in August or September, rather than voting on it themselves. And if it chooses to do neither, then Sawant’s “Tax Amazon” campaign is gearing up to collect signatures to put a payroll tax directly on the November ballot, one which we can assume would closely mirror Sawant’s proposal — though earlier this week Sawant was charged with violating local and state law by using city funds to support the ballot initiative effort.

One comment

  1. Here is the thing that worries me about this council and any of these large tax increases. It really seems like the focus is on the revenue side, just getting more money. But you really don’t hear anything on the expenditure side, as in, how are we going to spend the money. How are we going to ensure the money is spend effectively and efficiently. What are the plans to manage these funds with the correct oversight and accountability. The last transportation levy is a great example. The supporters promised to build all these great projects (which I support) if approved and once approved, the really hard work of figuring how to deliver these projects demonstrated that the supporters over promised. I wish our government would put as much effort in delivering effective and efficient services as they do in increasing revenues. My background is as a government auditor and I find that how you spend the money is as important, if not more so, as getting the money. Listen, I am not saying this is easy, in fact, it is very difficult. That is why I think the our elected officials really need to focus on this. And this is not only at the local level, but the national level. Has anyone talked about how you would implement Medicare for All? Basically, you would need to stand up another Social Security Administration to run it since currently Medicare is managed by a federal agency of 5000 people plus all the private insurance companies. Oh, and you would need to increase the IG office to protect against fraud, since Medicare is one of the most targeted programs. But that is another issue for a different story.

Leave a Reply


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xhtml+xml

text:
Dreamtime - Cosmoride II [04:41] as queued by zeg
Nope, I don't feel like hearing this at all right now...
*hmmm* Well, I don't have to switch off, but I'm not raising the volume either...
Yes, this track fits my mood perfectly!
Current time: 2020-02-24 20:44
22 listeners from 11 countries.
Virgill - The explorer [02:24]
Teel - Spaced Out [03:56] at 20:46:43

Send Page to a Friend

Thread: Copy and Paste in native Win Client

Your Message

What kind of spacecraft do we have in our logo? (hint: it's made in Russia and the name of it or what it is will be enough)

Disclaimer | Privacy Statement | Terms of Use | Copyright © 2008-2020 SceneSat Radio. All rights reserved. All times are CET.

Music and info sources

SceneSat Radio features tracks and info gathered from the following sites & communities (detailed credits for each track will be available on its respective info-page):


text:
Sceptically Fit

A Month of Links

Filed under: Uncategorized — Tags: , , , , , — Sceptically Me @ 11:39

Oh look – yet more evidence that acupunture is a sham, I mean no better than a placebo.

High intensity intervals are the best warm up for exercise-induced asthma.

A look at the different kinds of headaches.

The most thorough guide to herbs and spices I’ve ever seen.

More evidence that exercise is good for your mental health – it makes you crave money less

Can carbohydrates cause mental impairment?

A study looking at the role of omega 3 in brain health in the elderly.

A month of links

Filed under: Exercise, Health and Nutrition — Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , — Sceptically Me @ 14:38

Its been a busy month (and a half) for me – more on that in another post – but its been a busy time in the world of health and fitness.

The Meat will kill you Study: I’d jump straight in with a comment from Gary Taubes and  Silverhydra’s interpretation   before rounding it out with a post from Mark Sisson. And a heart surgeon speaks out – what really causes heart disease.

More on the use it or lose it

“We control 70 per cent of how we age,” she says. “The other 30 per cent is genetic, and we can blame our mothers for that. But 70 per cent is in our hands.”

Omega 3 supplementation is recommended for a lot of people – but you can over do it. And more reasons to supplement with vitamin d.

Do you remember to use the foam roller on your upper body?

Wheat – more ways it damages you. And a look at the spectrum of gluten sensitivity disorders.

Given my diet for the last month or so, I’m not surprised that evidence keeps emerging that lack of sleep causes you to overeat.

A study suggests women are more susceptible to hormonally induced hunger after exercise. And another study looks at the effect of resistance training on overall energy expenditure.

Its disappointing to watch my country’s educational institution’s reputations ruined by pseudoscience.

When will my gym start offering Kitty-robics?

Create a free website or blog at


text:
Measurement of membrane potential and myoplasmic [Ca2+] in developing rat myotubes at rest and in response to stimulation Academic Article uri icon

  • In this study, the membrane potential and cytosolic [Ca2+] were measured in rat myotubes developing in culture from days 6-14. It was found that as the myotubes developed in culture, the resting membrane potential (RMP) became more negative during days 6-8, and then did not significantly change until after day 13, when it started to become less negative. The mean RMP measured at days 8-13 was -59 +/- 1 mV (n = 70). The amplitude of action potentials elicited in the myotubes by anode break stimulation increased in size during development (range: 47.5-119 mV) and this closely correlated with the development of a more negative RMP. Cytosolic [Ca2+] was measured in the rat myotubes using the Ca2+ indicator Fura-2, and no significant change in the resting [Ca2+] was observed during development (days 6-14). Ca2+ responses triggered by action potentials varied from small slow increases in [Ca2+] that failed to return to the baseline to rapid [Ca2+] transients. The size of the [Ca2+] transients positively correlated with both the observed increase in the RMP during development and the size of the action potential. Larger [Ca2+] transients also had more rapid rates of [Ca2+] decay, indicating a tandem increase in the ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release and resequester Ca2+ during development of rat myotubes. Repetitive stimulation (10 Hz) of the myotubes exhibiting small [Ca2+] transients produced a step-like rise in [Ca2+]. Many myotubes exhibiting larger [Ca2+]transients could not be stimulated at 10 Hz by anode break stimulation due to the presence of action potentials with large hyperpolarisations. However, when these myotubes were depolarised at 10 Hz, they produced a tetanic Ca2+ response similar to that seen in adult skeletal muscle.

publication date

  • May 1996


text:
College Scholarships for Women
Graduate Fellowships, Research Internships and Grants

Financial aid for women in college, high school seniors, graduate school and postdoctoral study

Subscribe to Deadline Notifications
K-12 College Graduate Postgrad

L'Oréal Women in Science Program - USA Postdoctoral Fellowships for Women in Science — $60,000

Jan 31
The L'Oréal USA Fellowships for Women in Science program is a national awards program that annually recognizes and rewards five U.S.-based women researchers at the beginning of their scientific careers. Recipients each receive up to $60,000 that must be put towards their postdoctoral research.

UNESCO-L'Oréal International Fellowships Programme for Young Women in Life Sciences — $20,000

Jun 10
The UNESCO-L'Oréal International Fellowships are designed to identify and reward fifteen deserving, committed and talented young women scientists, from all over the world, active in the field of life sciences. With a view to ensuring that a balanced geographical representation is made, a maximum of three young women, from each of the five geo-cultural regions of the world, will be awarded fellowships.
High School Seniors College & Graduate School Study Abroad Biomedical Internships
Hispanics, Latinos Nationally Coveted Teachers Internships & Summer Jobs
Minorities Engineers & Computer Sci. Medical School Ethnic Groups & Studies
Minority Health High School Students Public Health Library Studies & History
Women Biology & Environmental Sci. Cancer Research Media Communications
African Americans Physical Sciences & Math Nurses Free Scholarships
Native Americans Social Sciences Arts & Humanities Updates

American Nuclear Society (ANS) — Delayed Education Scholarships for Women in Nuclear Science, Nuclear Engineering, or a Nuclear-Related Field — $1,000 to $2,500

Feb 1
One scholarship is awarded to a mature woman whose undergraduate studies in nuclear science, nuclear engineering, or a nuclear-related field have been delayed.

Association for Women in Mathematics - Travel Grants for Women Researchers

Feb 1
The Mathematics Travel Grants provide full or partial support for travel and subsistence for a meeting or conference in the applicant's field of specialization.

Microsoft — Tuition and Conference Scholarships

Jan 31
Microsoft awards conference scholarships each year to encourage students to further their learnings in Computer Science and related STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) disciplines. Recipients for the scholarship will be awarded in recognition of their demonstrated passion for technology, academic excellence, and leadership while working to push the software industry forward.

Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) - Fellowships in Women's Public Policy Issues — $27,000

Feb 15
IWPR offers a fellowship in public policy to a promising scholar each year. The Mariam K. Chamberlain Fellow contributes to a variety of research projects to inform policies affecting women. Research activities may include reviewing literature; collecting, checking and analyzing data; gathering information; and preparing reports and report graphics. Attending relevant Congressional briefings, policy seminars and meetings is also a component of the fellowship program. Applicants should have at least a bachelor's degree in a social science discipline (such as sociology, psychology, education, or public policy), statistics, economics, mathematics or women's studies. Graduate work is not required.

Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) - Summer Internships

Mar 1
IWPR's internship program is designed to provide participants with challenging work experiences under the guidance and supervision of researchers with extensive knowledge of women's policy issues and social science research.

Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) - Ethnic Minority and Women's Enhancement Graduate Scholarship

Feb 15
The goal of the enhancement programs is to increase the pool of and opportunities for qualified minority and female candidates in intercollegiate athletics through graduate scholarships. The NCAA awards $7,500 to 13 ethnic minorities and 13 female college graduates who will be entering their initial year of graduate studies. The applicant must be seeking admission or have been accepted into a sports administration or program that will help the applicant obtain a career in intercollegiate athletics, such as athletics administrator, coach, athletic trainer or a career that provides a direct service to intercollegiate athletics.

Society of Women Engineers — Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior, Reentry, and Graduate Scholarships for Women in Engineering and Computer Sciences — $1,000 to $20,000

Feb 17
Mar 1
The SWE Scholarship Program provides financial assistance to women admitted to accredited baccalaureate or graduate programs, in preparation for careers in engineering, engineering technology and computer science.

Society of Women Engineers — Local Scholarships

A number of SWE Sections offer scholarship assistance to female students on a local level. If you reside or attend school within the geographical areas covered by these Sections, you may be eligible for additional scholarship assistance. Contact these Sections directly for detailed information and application forms. Scholarships are listed by state.

Jeannette Rankin Women's Scholarship Fund - Scholarships for Low-Income Women, Ages 35 and Older — $2,000

Mar 1
Scholarships for women pursuing undergraduate degrees at accredited colleges and universities: a technical or vocational education, an associate's degree, or a first bachelor's degree.

Association for Women in Computing (AWC) - Ann Arbor AWC Scholarship for Women in Computing — $1,000

Mar 17
The scholarship recognizes outstanding women participating in an institution accredited for higher education in the state of Michigan pursuing a career in a computer or technology-related field.

Google — Computer Science Summer Institute (CSSI)

Mar 18
Applicants must be high school seniors who intend to be enrolled in or accepted as a full-time student at a university in the US or Canada OR be enrolled in or accepted for enrollment in a baccalaureate in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, or related program.

Google — The Generation Google Scholarship for High School Seniors, Undergraduate or Graduate student studying computer science, computer engineering, or a closely related technical field

Dec 5
The program is open to qualified students who meet the selection criteria and we strongly encourage students from historically underrepresented groups, including Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, or Filipino/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, to apply.

Google — The Women Techmakers Scholars Program — $10,000

Dec 5
A group of female undergraduate and graduate students all over the world will be chosen from the applicant pool, and scholarships will be awarded based on the strength of each candidate's academic background and demonstrated leadership. Applicants must be a female student entering her senior year of undergraduate study or be enrolled in a graduate program and enrolled in Computer Science or Computer Engineering program, or a closely related technical field.

Association for Women Geoscientists Foundation — Chrysalis Scholarships for Women Geoscience Graduate Students — Up to $2,000

Mar 31
The Chrysalis Scholarship provides degree-completion funding for women geoscience graduate students whose education has been significantly interrupted by life circumstances. The awards are intended to cover costs associated with completion of her thesis/dissertation, beyond what is traditionally covered by primary research funding.

Delta Gamma Foundation - Graduate Fellowships for Women

Apr 1
Delta Gamma Foundation fellowships are grants awarded on a competitive basis to qualified initiated members pursuing graduate/professional degrees.

Delta Gamma Foundation - Undergraduate Merit-Based Scholarships for Women

Feb 15
Delta Gamma Foundation scholarships are grants awarded on a competitive basis to qualified initiated members pursuing undergraduate degrees.

Delta Gamma Foundation - Student Loans for Women — Up to $2,000

The Delta Gamma Foundation offers undergraduate and graduate loans.

Brown and Caldwell — Women in Leadership Scholarship

A $5,000 Women in Leadership Scholarship to support female students that are interested in pursuing a career in the environmental profession. Declared major in civil, chemical, mechanical, electrical or environmental engineering or one of the environmental sciences (e.g. geology, hydrogeology, ecology).

Educational Foundation for Women in Accounting - College and Graduate Scholarships for Women in Accounting — $1,000 to $16,000

Apr 30
May 15
The Educational Foundation awards scholarships to women who are pursuing accounting degrees at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. One scholarship is designated for a woman who is the primary source of support for her family and is enrolling as an incoming freshman to earn a Bachelors degree in Accounting.

American Planning Association — College Scholarships and Graduate Fellowships for Minorities and Women — $2,000 to $4,000

Apr 30
The American Planning Association awards are made to students currently enrolled in degree programs in Planning or a closely related field.

Omega Phi Beta Sorority - Reach for the Gold Book College Scholarship — $1,000

May 26
The Reach for the Gold Book Scholarship recognizes academic and benevolent achievement among young women of color, and supports continued success through the first year of college.

American Physical Society (APS) — M. Hildred Blewett Scholarships — Up to $45,000

Jun 1
Enables early-career women to return to physics research careers after having had to interrupt those careers for family reasons. The applicant must currently be a U.S. citizen, legal resident, or resident alien of the United States or Canada. She must be currently in Canada or the United States and must have an affiliation with a research-active educational institution or national lab. She must have completed work toward a PhD.

American Physical Society (APS) — APS/IBM Research Internships for Undergraduate Women

Feb 15
Must be female with sophomore or junior standing at a U.S. college or university at the time of application. Must be majoring in chemistry, physics, materials science or engineering, computer science or engineering, chemical, electrical, mechanical engineering, or biology, if it has an emphasis on one of the other areas listed.

National Federation of Republican Women — National Pathfinder Scholarship

Jun 1
The three annual scholarships of $2,500 provide financial assistance and support to women seeking undergraduate or graduate degrees. Undergraduate sophomores, juniors and seniors, as well as students enrolled in a master's degree program, are eligible to apply for the scholarship.

Women's Research and Education Institute - Congressional Fellowships on Women and Public Policy — Up to $13,600

Jun 14
WREI awards annual fellowships to a select number of graduate students with a proven commitment to equity for women. WREI Fellows gain practical policymaking experience and graduate credit as they work from January to August as Congressional legislative aides in Washington, D.C.

Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World — PhD Training Fellowships for Women Scientists from Science and Technology Lagging Countries

May 30
The Fellowship is offered to women scientists from Science and Technology Lagging Countries (STLCs) to undertake PhD research in the Natural, Engineering and Information Technology sciences

International Federation of University Women — International Fellowships and Grants — 8,000 to 10,000 Swiss francs

Jun 30
International fellowships and grants to women graduates for postgraduate research, study and training. Fellowships are offered for the second and subsequent years of a doctoral programme and for post-doctoral studies. First year doctoral students do not qualify.

International Federation of University Women — National Awards

Many of IFUW's national affiliates offer fellowships, grants, scholarships and stipends to women and girls for primary and secondary education, undergraduate studies and postgraduate research, study and training.

Microsoft Academic Programs - Microsoft Research PhD Fellowship — Up to $25,000

Aug 15
A research grant for PhD students at U.S. and Canadian universities who are members of groups underrepresented in computing. The Microsoft Research PhD Fellowship aims to increase the pipeline of diverse talent receiving advanced degrees in computing-related fields by providing a research funding opportunity for doctoral students from groups underrepresented in computing (women, African-Americans/Blacks, Latinos, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and/or people with disabilities).

Margaret Mcnamara Memorial Fund (MMMF) — United States and Canada Grants — $12,000

Jan 15
For students from developing countries who are currently studying in the United States or Canada. The MMMF also typically invites the recipients to Washington DC to participate in a three day Awards Program organized in their honor.

Margaret Mcnamara Memorial Fund (MMMF) — South Africa Grants — $4,000

Sep 14
For students from developing countries who are currently studying in South Africa. (The University of Witwatersrand, University Stellenbosch, University of Pretoria and University of Capetown ONLY)

Margaret Mcnamara Memorial Fund (MMMF) — Latin America — $3,000

Aug 22
El Fondo Margaret McNamara otorgará subsidios educativos no renovables, a estudiantes universitarias que realizan sus estudios en universidades de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, México o Perú (Universidad Austral en Argentina; Universidad Católica en Chile; Universidad de los Andes, Universidad Javeriana y Universidad Nacional en Colombia, Iberoamericana en México y Pontificia Universidad Católica en Perú).

University at Albany - Graduate Fellowships on Women and Public Policy — $10,000

Aug 31
The Fellowship is an intensive leadership development program designed to promote equity and excellence in public service, and encourage government to be more responsive to the needs of women, children, families, and communities in New York State.

American Medical Women's Association — Medical Education Scholarships for Women — $500

Sep 30
Dec 31
Scholarships for women currently enrolled in medical school. Awardees will be chosen based on need as well as embodiment of the goals of AMWA.

U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) — Increasing the Participation and Advancement of Women in Academic Science and Engineering Careers (ADVANCE)

Oct 1
The goals of the ADVANCE program are (1) to develop systemic approaches to increase the representation and advancement of women in academic STEM careers; (2) to develop innovative and sustainable ways to promote gender equity in the STEM academic workforce; and (3) to contribute to the development of a more diverse science and engineering workforce

African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD) - Fellowships for African Women in Agricultural Research

Oct 8
African women working in agricultural research and development from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia who have completed a bachelor's, master's or doctoral degree in selected disciplines are invited to apply. Applicants must be nationals of the above listed countries and be available in Africa throughout the fellowship period.

Georgetown University Law Center — Women's Law and Public Policy Fellowships — $41,000

Oct 12
The Women's Law and Public Policy Fellowship Program (WLPPFP) offers Fellowships for public interest lawyers from the United States who are committed to advancing women's rights throughout their careers. Throughout the Fellowship year, participants gain invaluable experience by working on women's issues in Washington, D.C. with a public interest organization or governmental agency and by participating in educational and professional development opportunities organized by WLPPFP.

Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation — Woodrow Wilson Doctoral Dissertation Fellowships in Women's Studies — $5,000

Oct 15
The Woodrow Wilson Dissertation Fellowship in Women's Studies encourages original and significant research about women that crosses disciplinary, regional, or cultural boundaries.

Schlumberger Foundation — Faculty for the Future Fellowships for Women from Developing and Emerging Economies — $40,000 to $50,000

Nov 7
Faculty for the Future fellowships are awarded to women from developing and emerging economies who are preparing for PhD or post-doctoral study in the physical sciences, engineering, or related disciplines to pursue advanced graduate study at top universities in their disciplines abroad. Related disciplines may also be awarded. For example, awards in biological sciences are limited to interdisciplinary research between physical and biological sciences.

Zonta International — Amelia Earhart Graduate Fellowships for Women — $10,000

Nov 15
The Amelia Earhart Fellowship is awarded annually to women pursuing Ph.D./doctoral degrees in aerospace-related sciences and aerospace-related engineering.

Zonta International — Young Women in Public Affairs Awards — $1,000 to $4,000

The Young Women in Public Affairs Award honors young women in secondary level or pre-university schools, ages 16 to 20, who demonstrate a commitment to leadership in public policy, government and volunteer organizations.

Zonta International — Jane M. Klausman Women in Business Scholarships — $1,000 to $7,000

The Jane M. Klausman Women in Business Scholarship is awarded annually to women pursuing undergraduate or Master's degrees in business management.

P.E.O. Sisterhood — Scholar Awards for Doctoral and Postdoctoral Students

Nov 20
P.E.O. Scholar Awards are one-time competitive, merit-based awards for women of the United States and Canada who are either pursuing a doctoral level degree or are engaged in postdoctoral research at an accredited college, university or institution. In addition to recognizing and encouraging excellence in higher education, these awards provide partial support for study and research for women who will make significant contributions in their varied fields of endeavor. Priority is given to women who are well established in their programs, study or research.

P.E.O. Sisterhood — International Peace Graduate Scholarships for International Women Students - Up to $10,000

Dec 15
P.E.O. International Peace Scholarship (IPS) Fund was established in 1949 to provide scholarships for international women students to pursue graduate study in the United States and Canada.

P.E.O. Sisterhood — STAR Scholarships for Women High School Seniors — $2,500

Nov 1
Scholarships for exceptional high school senior women to attend an accredited postsecondary educational institution in the United States or Canada in the next academic year.

Women in Aviation, International — Aviation Scholarships for Women

Nov 12
Scholarships to help women get ahead and advance into the aviation and aerospace careers.

Soroptimist International of The Americas — Live Your Dream Awards — Up to $10,000

Nov 15
The Soroptimist Live Your Dream Awards (formerly the Women's Opportunity Awards) assists women who provide the primary source of financial support for their families by giving them the resources they need to improve their education, skills and employment prospects. Recipients may use the cash award to offset any costs associated with their efforts to attain higher education, such as books, childcare, tuition and transportation.

Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce — Paradigm Scholarship for Working Women — Up to $5,000

Nov 16
This merit scholarship is awarded annually to women who wish to complete their undergraduate degrees while working full-time for Chamber member companies.

National Physical Science Consortium - Graduate Fellowships in the Physical Sciences — $20,000

Nov 30
The National Physical Science Consortium is a partnership between government agencies and laboratories, industry, and higher education. NPSC's goal is to increase the number of American citizens with graduate degrees in the physical sciences and related engineering fields, emphasizing recruitment of a diverse applicant pool. Though the fields supported can vary annually depending on employer needs, in general NPSC covers the following: Astronomy, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geology, Materials Science, Mathematical Sciences, Physics, and their subdisciplines, and related engineering fields: Chemical, Computer, Electrical, Environmental, Mechanical. NPSC welcomes applications from any qualified U.S. citizen who has the ability to pursue graduate work at an NPSC member institution.

Brookhaven National Laboratory — Renate W. Chasman Science Scholarships — $2,000

Nov 30
Applicants must be women returning to school after a break in their education, and pursuing formal education in the natural sciences, engineering or mathematics, at the junior or senior undergraduate level or first-year graduate level at any accredited institution.

U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) — Dr. Nancy Foster Graduate Scholarships in Oceanography, Marine Biology and Maritime Archaeology — Up to $42,000

Dec 6
The scholarship program recognizes outstanding scholarship and encourages independent graduate level research -- particularly by female and minority students -- in oceanography, marine biology and maritime archaeology (including all science, engineering, social science and resource management of ocean and coastal areas). Prospective scholars do not need to be enrolled in a graduate program at the time of application, but must be admitted to a graduate level program in order to be awarded this scholarship.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation — International Fellowships for Women

Nov 15
International Fellowships are awarded for full-time study or research in the United States to women who are not United States citizens or permanent residents. Both graduate and postgraduate study at accredited institutions are supported. Several fellowships are available for study outside of the U.S.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation — Selected Professions Graduate, Dissertation and Professional Fellowships for Women — $5,000 to $18,000

Dec 1
Selected Professions Fellowships are awarded for the following master's programs architecture, computer/information sciences, engineering mathematics/statistics. Fellowships in the following degree programs are restricted to women of color, who have been underrepresented in these fields: Master's in business administration, law, doctorate in medicine. Applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation — Community Action Grants for Women — $2,000 to $10,000

Dec 1
Community Action Grants provide funds to individuals, AAUW branches, and AAUW state organizations as well as local community-based nonprofit organizations for innovative programs or non-degree research projects that promote education and equality for women and girls.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation — Local Chapter Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarships for Women

The purpose of this program is to create a centralized, standardized, online undergraduate scholarship application posting and processing initiative that supports AAUW's local scholarship programs across the U.S.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation — American Dissertation and Postdoctoral Research Leave Fellowships for Women — $20,000 to $30,000

Nov 1
American Fellowships support women scholars who are completing dissertations, planning research leave from accredited institutions, or preparing research for publication. Applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Candidates are evaluated on the basis of scholarly excellence; quality and originality of project design; and active commitment to helping women and girls through service in their communities, professions, or fields of research.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation — Career Development Grants for Women — $2,200 to $12,000

Dec 15
Career Development Grants provide funding to women who hold a bachelor's degree and are preparing to advance or change careers or re-enter the workforce. Primary consideration is given to women of color and women pursuing their first advanced degree or credentials in nontraditional fields. Applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Funds are available for tuition, fees, books, supplies, local transportation, and dependent care.

U.S. Department of Energy - Fossil Energy Mickey Leland Energy Summer Fellowships in Math, Science and Engineering — $6,000 to $8,500

Jan 12
The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship (MLEF) is an Internship program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy to provide opportunities to women and under-represented minority students who are pursuing academic majors related to the Fossil Energy mission.

American Geological Institute — Harriet Evelyn Wallace Scholarship for Female Graduate Geoscience Students

Jan 5
The Harriet Evelyn Wallace Scholarship is available for female students pursuing a Master's or Doctoral degree at an accredited institution of higher education in a recognized geoscience program. The scholarship is a merit-based award, which is $5,000 per year, up to two years.

American Water Works Association (AWWA) — Holly Cornell Scholarships for Women in Water Supply and Treatment — $7,500

Jan 11
The Holly A. Cornell Scholarship encourages and supports outstanding female and/or minority masters students in pursuit of advanced training in the field of water supply and treatment.

Sigma Delta Epsilon/Graduate Women in Science - Research Fellowships for Women — Up to $10,000

Jan 15
To be eligible, the applicant must be enrolled as a graduate student, or engaged in post-doctoral or early-stage junior faculty academic research, and demonstrate financial need for continuation or completion of their research.

Women's Sports Foundation — The Linda Riddle/SGMA Endowed Scholarship — $3,000

The goal is to provide young female athletes of limited financial means the opportunity to continue to pursue their sport in addition to their college studies.

Minorities: College Scholarships, Graduate Fellowships, Research Internships

Hispanics, Latinos, Mexican Americans, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Dominicans, South and Central Americans, African Americans, Native Alaskans, Aleuts, Inuit, Eskimos, Native Americans, Native Pacific Islanders, Hawaiians, Polynesians or Micronesians.

Minority Health Scholarships: Medical School, Public Health, Health Professions

Allied Health, Communication, Sciences and Disorders, Health Administration, Health Sciences, Medicine, Mental Health, Nursing, Nutritional Science, Psychology, Pharmacy, Premed, Public Health.

African Americans: Scholarships and Grants for College & Graduate School

Minority scholarships for African American students, Black high school seniors,Graduate school students, college scholarships, Graduate Fellowships.

Hispanics: College Scholarships and Grants, Graduate Fellowships, Postgraduate Awards

Hispanics, Latinos, Boricuas, Canarios, Catrachos, Chamorros, Chapines, Chicanos, Cubans, Dominicans, Ecuatoguineans, Spaniards, Filipinos, Guajiros, Guanacos, Jíbaros, Mexicans, Mexican Americans, Nicas, New Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Quisqueyans, Sephardim, South and Central Americans, Texanos, Ticos.

Original People: College Scholarships, Graduate Fellowships and Postdoctoral Research Awards for Students

Aboriginal Canadians, Native Alaskans, Aleuts, Inuit, Eskimos, Native Americans, Native Pacific Islanders, Hawaiians, Polynesians or Micronesians.

Association for Computing Machinery - Travel Scholarships for Women Students in Computer Science and Related Programs Who Wish to Attend Research Conferences.

ACM-W provides support for women undergraduate and graduate students in Computer Science and related programs who wish to attend research conferences.

Distinguished Young Women - College Scholarships for High School Senior Girls

A scholarship recipient must be enrolled in her chosen field of study at an approved school or institution by the fall term following her high school graduation unless a deferment is approved by the Foundation's board of directors.

Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America - College Scholarships for Women

Recognizing the need for help in funding the education of our young people, the following scholarships are offered under the auspices of The Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America through the generosity of the families and organizations whose names they bear.

High School Seniors College & Graduate School Study Abroad Biomedical Internships
Hispanics, Latinos Nationally Coveted Teachers Internships & Summer Jobs
Minorities Engineers & Computer Sci. Medical School Ethnic Groups & Studies
Minority Health High School Students Public Health Library Studies & History
Women Biology & Environmental Sci. Cancer Research Media Communications
African Americans Physical Sciences & Math Nurses Free Scholarships
Native Americans Social Sciences Arts & Humanities Updates

For questions or comments, please send e-mail to Paco Tomei.
Copyright © 1998-2020 Francisco A Tomei Torres (Paco Tomei).
I created this site on 1998-04-22 and revised it on 2020-01-20.
Privacy Policy

Subscribe to College Scholarships and Graduate Fellowships
Visit this group


text:
One day, twelve year old Alan Parrish was riding down the main street when he hears “Prepare to die, Parrish!”, he starts riding much faster, as Billy Jessup and four of his friends chase after him. Alan heads for his father’s shoe factory. He jumped of his bike and ran inside. Where he meets his friend, Carl Bentley, a twenty-year old man with dark skin.

He shows Alan his latest creation, it was some kind of sneaker, made of canvas and white leather above a rubber sole. Alan put the shoe down on an idle conveyor belt. As Alan walked downstairs he saw men scurrying around the sole stamping machine, his father pulled out a shredded shoe, it was Carl’s new creation. “Who did this?” asked Alan’s father, Carl put up his hand, and took the blame. Alan picked up his bike and rode home, but just as he thought he was safe Billy came out with his friends, attacked Alan and took off, with his bike. He heard a drumming sound, Brummm-tum-tum! Brummm-tum-tum!. He followed it to his father’s construction site where they were building new offices. Finally he found where it was coming from.

He dug out a big trunk and smashed open the padlock with a spade. Inside the trunk was a game called JUMANJI buried in sand. When Alan returned home his parents were getting ready to go to a presentation. Alan’s parents announced that he would go to the Cliffside Academy for Boys, they handed Alan a brochure and congratulated him. Inside the brochure was a picture of the main dormitory which was named Parrish Hall after Alan’s grandfather. Alan rolled his eyes, “great, I get picked on here because my name is Parrish, what is it going to be like when I have to live at a place named after me” Alan said. His parents were shocked with his attitude towards the school and left for the presentation. Alan packed some clothes, food and the Jumanji game into a suitcase, and just as he was about to run away, someone knocked at the door. It was Sarah Whittle, a pretty, blonde thirteen-year-old, and behind her stood Alan’s bike. Alan showed her the game and they decided to play. Sarah picked up the dice and studied them, “I quit playing board games five years ago” she said and dropped the dice on the board.

Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women: Summary, Characters, Conflict

Without warning the tokens started to move all by themselves. Sarah and Alan looked at each other in amazement. They looked at the centre of the board, the crystal lens reads “At night they fly, you’d better run, these winged things are not much fun.” They started to pack up the game, without thinking Alan let the dice fall on the board, another token moves, the crystal reads, “In the jungle you must wait, until the dice read 5 or 8. Alan looked down at his body: his arms and legs were melting! And he was being sucked into the game board. Sarah ran screaming out of the house as hundreds of bats chased her down the street.

Twenty-six years later Peter and Judy Shepherd move into the old Parrish house with their Aunt Nora. They heard a drumming sound Brummm-tum-tum. They followed it to an old storage room, where they discovered a game called Jumanji, they set it up on the floor. Judy rolls first, the crystal in the middle reads “A tiny bite can make you itch, make you sneeze and make you twitch”, A loud buzzing sound reached their ears, they looked up, giant mosquitoes were heading straight for them. Judy grabbed an old tennis racquet and hit one through the window, the others followed. Judy read the warning. Adventurers, beware: do not begin unless you intend to finish. The exciting consequences of the game will vanish only when a player has reached Jumanji and called out its name. What else will come out of the mysterious game of Jumanji?

Fredrick Forsyth’s The Day of the Jackal: Summary & Analysis

Leave a Reply


text:
Subscribe Now Subscribe Today
Research Article

Food Intake, Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass in Elderly

Andreia Rodrigues, Paula C. Pereira, Ana F. Vicente, Jose A. Brito, Maria A. Bernardo and Maria F. Mesquita
Facebook Twitter Digg Reddit Linkedin StumbleUpon E-mail

The influence of dietary intake in body composition had not been fully established among elderly people. Previous studies had revealed a controversial association between energy, protein, carbohydrate and lipid consumption with body mass index and body composition. The present study intended to evaluate a possible relationship between antropometric data, body composition and dietary intake in elderly people from a daily care institution. Thirty four individuals sixty five or more years old participated in this cross sectional research. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist and muscular circumference were obtained and body fat mass was calculated by Brozek formula. Food consumption assessment was conducted through a daily weighting method. Daily lipid intake was significantly associated with weight, muscular and waist circumference as well as body mass index (p<0.05). However there was not found any association between body fat mass and daily lipid intake (p>0.05) which possible suggest that lipid consumption do not affect body fat mass gain neither body fat mass had seem to be associated with daily food intake (p>0.05).

Related Articles in ASCI
Similar Articles in this Journal
Search in Google Scholar
View Citation
Report Citation

  How to cite this article:

Andreia Rodrigues, Paula C. Pereira, Ana F. Vicente, Jose A. Brito, Maria A. Bernardo and Maria F. Mesquita, 2012. Food Intake, Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass in Elderly. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 4: 107-115.

DOI: 10.3923/ajcn.2012.107.115

Received: November 05, 2011; Accepted: February 02, 2012; Published: March 21, 2012

Geriatric population had been increasing worldwide. Decades ago, Boss and Seegmiller, (1981) had conducted an intensive review in which the main conclusion was that the aging process affects all organs and human body systems. Immune function and digestive tract motility were considered probably the most affected and those which influence more significantly life quality and could promote specific disorders in elderly (Boss and Seegmiller, 1981; Russell, 1992). Psychological disorders had also been considered a matter of concern (Etemadi and Ahmadi, 2009) and could be possible factors affecting food intake.

Nutritional status could be specially affected by several morphologic, metabolic and behavioural changes frequent in elderly. Studies revealed that these changes could affect not only the nutritional status but also the body composition and anthropometric measurements which were considered important health indicators and used as main parameters in malnutrition screening tools (Harris et al., 2008; Perissinotto et al., 2002; Vellas et al., 1999).

Studies pointed out several changes in body composition and anthropometric measurements. Loss of muscle mass had been frequently found and could be an important cause of disability (Doherty, 2003; Wells and Dumbrell, 2006). Elmadfa and Meyer (2008) had reported increased body fat levels and Hughes et al. (2004) had referred to a redistribution of those body fat deposits. These changes were defined as sarcopenic obesity, which could be associated with the high prevalence of several metabolic disorders in elderly (Zamboni et al., 2008).

Obesity and overweight have a complex aetiology, resulting from a bilateral interaction between caloric consumption and insufficient energy output (Afridi and Khan, 2004). Despite the clear influence of diet in body composition and several anthropometric measurements, the direct influence of specific foods and/or nutrients had not been free of some controversies.

Some studies had associated body composition with energy, lipid, protein and carbohydrate ingestion (Periwal and Chow, 2006; Randi et al., 2007; Slattery et al., 1992; Trichopoulou et al., 2002). Most studies indicated a positive association between body mass index and protein intake (Periwal and Chow, 2006; Randi et al., 2007; Slattery et al., 1992; Trichopoulou et al., 2002) but not with carbohydrate intake (Ahluwalia et al., 2009; Randi et al., 2007; Slattery et al., 1992) which were not associated with waist circumference neither with waist-to-hip ratio (Ahluwalia et al., 2009; Slattery et al., 1992).

Some data (Sharkey et al., 2002) also revealed a lack of association between body mass index and other nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, folic acid, zinc and D, B12, B6, C and E vitamins in 60 or more years old people. In fact, overweight could not despise frequent micronutrient deficiencies in this age. A study conducted in 2003 revealed a considerable deficiency in magnesium, copper and zinc (Slowinska and Wadolowska, 2003). Antioxidant consumption had also been considered a special matter of concern considering their benefits in neurodegenerative diseases prevention (Saeed et al., 2005).

It is important to consider that most of these results are based on 24 h recalls and food frequency questionnaires which had been lacking of some accuracy because it depends on the individual memory and could not consider an accurate assessment of food quantities (Sun et al., 2010).

Considering this, the present study intended to establish a clearer association between body composition and other anthropometric measurements with food consumption and specific nutrient intake.

Sample and ethical approval: The present study was conducted from January to March 2011 and included a sample of 34 elderly people 65 or more years old that were attending a long-term care institution in Sardoal, a Portuguese village.

Study design and procedures were conducted after the ethical commission approval according to Portuguese legislation and the Declaration of Helsinki from World Medical Association. Data were obtained under informed consent.

Anthropometric measurements: Height was measured using a stadiometer with 1 mm precision and a maximum height of 2.10 m with the individuals on their foot with no shoes, equally distributed weight between feet, heels together and natural pending arms aside of the body with open hands with palms close to lateral thigh region and head positioned according to Frankfort’s plane.

Individuals were weighted minimally dressed in a portable digital scale with a 150 kg maximum capacity and +/–100 g error margin.

Circumferences were measured with a flexible non-elastic tape while the individuals stood feet together with warms resting by their sides. Waist circumference was measured in the horizontal plane between the lowest rib end and the iliac crest and brachial circumference was measured by encircling the arm midway between elbow and shoulder.

Skinfold measurement was done using Slim Guide calliper with 1 mm error margin, the skinfold measures taken were tricep, bicep, subescapular and suprailiac according to standard procedures (WHO, 1995). All these anthropometric evaluation procedures were conducted separately and there time in all the individuals and the average value was taken.

Body mass index and body fat mass: BMI was calculated by the ratio between weight and square height (WHO, 1995) while Body fat mass was calculated through Brozek formula (Brozek et al., 1963).

Food intake assessment: Food intake was accurately measured. All foods and beverages ingested during a period of 7 days were weighted and registered in the moment and the daily nutritional analysis was done using the portuguese food composition table.

Statistical analysis: All statistical tests were conducted in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows.

Additionally to average, standard deviation and frequency analysis, anthropometric measurements, body composition and food intake data were grouped by sex. To evaluate if there was a significant difference, the parametric test t-student or the non parametric Mann-Whitney tests were conducted.

To evaluate the association between the dependent variables like weight, waist and muscular circumference, body mass index and body fat mass, Pearson correlation test was conducted.

Considering the probable strong associations between these variables, they were grouped in smaller variables using a principal components analysis converting these and allowing a more direct association between the several anthropometric results and the food intake data. All statistical tests were conducted with a significance level of 5%.

Sample general characteristics: Of the individuals present in the sample, 18 were male and 16 female. The overall mean age was 81.1±7.2 years and these distribution is presented in Table 1.

Anthropometric measurements: Weight, height and BMI: There were found significant differences (p<0.05) among the several anthropometric measurements between sexes except BMI, as presented in Table 2.

Women had an average weight recorded of 60.0±7.8 kg while the average weight in male was 77.8±12.4 kg.

It is important to note that half the individuals were obese with BMI above 30 kg m-2, these were specially men (32.4%) while the 8.8% of the sample with normal weight were female like presented in Table 3.

Table 1: Sample distribution in age groups

Table 2: General anthropometric measures analysis in the sample in both sexes

Table 3: Body mass index distribution in both sexes

Table 4: Waist circumference distribution

Table 5: Body fat mass distribution in the sample

Anthropometric measurements: Waist circumference and body fat mass: From Table 4 data it could be especially important to note that among both genres, more than half of the individuals had shown high waist circumference measures which represent an high metabolic risk factor.

Table 6: Average energy and macronutrient intake in both sexes

Table 7: Recommended energy and macronutrient intakes for older persons
a: Lipid intake should represent 20-35% of the total energy intake

Table 8: Comparison between intakes and recommended values considering dietary reference intakes for adults of 70 or more year old

Table 9: Components from principal components analysis and respective variable weights

Additionally, like presented in Table 5, almost all the individuals had also shown high body fat mass indexes which was not significantly different among sexes.

Food intake assessment: Results from food assessment revealed little differences when compared to dietary recommended intakes. Men ingested in average 1851±279 kcal and women calculus had reported an average of 1527±215 kcal. In Table 6 these data could also be compared with recommended dietary intakes for this age (Table 7). There was a significant difference between male and female average caloric consumption (p<0.05).

Despite energy intakes were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the dietary reference intakes for Older People, macronutrient intake had remained within the recommended values. In fact, values reported for average protein and carbohydrate intake were higher than the reference values. Considering that there was not defined any dietary reference intake for lipids, only the recommended proportion in energy intake (20-35%), values were within this interval but could be slightly higher in order to reach the recommended caloric ingestion values. The comparison between guidelines and reported values had been resumed in Table 8.

Principal component analysis: Through principal component analysis two main components were defined: Component 1: Anthropometry and Component 2: Body fat mass. Principal components definition and relative weights of each variable are presented in Table 9.

Component 1 explains 72,07% of the total variance while Component 2 had been responsible for 19,30% of the total variance, both represent 91,37% of total variance.

Anthropometric measurements and food intake: After principal component analysis had been done, the multiple linear regression analysis had shown that only lipid ingestion was a significant predictable factor for Anthropometry.

The resulting final adjusted model was (F(1.32) = 10.4; p = 0.003; R2a = 0.222):

Anthropometry = –1.930+0,35xLipid intake/day

Thus, a higher lipid intake had been associated with Anthropometry variable increases with possibly higher muscular and waist circumference, BMI and weight.

However, the same analysis did any significant model for Body fat mass (p>0.05) and food intake variables.

Anthropometric data from the chosen sample had revealed a high frequency of excessive weight and higher waist circumferences than recommended, these features had been proven to be independently associated with hypertension in elderly (Latiffah and Hanachi, 2008).

Results from the present study had also shown a strong association between lipid intake and anthropometric measures like body mass index, muscular and waist circumferences but not with body fat mass which was in accordance with experimental data obtained by Vahdatpour et al. (2008).

Anthropometric measures in these individuals had shown similarities with previous studies about nutritional status of elderly populations (Odenigbo et al., 2010). In the present study energy intakes were lower than recommended for this age but the excessive weight observed could also be due to insufficient energy expenditure, quite frequent in elderly and possible associated with increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors like dyslipidemia (Gharouni et al., 2008).

The association between BMI and specific macronutrient intake was only found on studies with diverse age groups (Randi et al., 2007; Trichopoulou et al., 2002) and non elderly people (Ahluwalia et al., 2009).

Most studies had used only BMI as a variable which could be an important limitation considering that there had been reported significant height declines during aging. Factors like vertebra compression, vertebral disc morphologic changes and muscular tone loss were the main reasons for height decline (Corish and Kennedy, 2003). Perissinotto et al. (2002) reported an average height decrease of 2 to 5 cm each 10 years of age. Considering these factors, age had been considered an important co variation factor in BMI (Aslam et al., 2010).

Odenigbo et al. (2011) had considered waist circumference as a best indicator for obesity than BMI in adults. Previously Halkjaer et al. (2006) results had shown that only protein had a significant effect in waist circumference.

Body fat mass and waist circumference had been considered better indicators for cardiovascular disease risk (Lee et al., 2008). In the present study both these variables were separated by the principal component analysis procedure. While waist circumference was considered in Component 1 that was associated with lipid intake but fat mass, included in Component 2, did not show a strong association.

Dietary fat had become a complex paradox in human nutrition. Despite being energy dense, previous studies revealed a weak or inexistent association between fat intake and body weight gain (Lee et al., 2008) while excessive energy intake itself, from fat or other macronutrient, had shown to be determinant for weight gain and could probably explain the increasing prevalence of obesity (Swinburn et al., 2009).

In the present study, energy intake was lower than the recommended for this age group and lipid intake was found to be within the desired range which means there was not an excessive fat consumption.

The present study had shown that excessive weight and high body fat mass had started to affect seriously elderly people.

There was found a significant association between lipid intake and anthropometric measures but had not seem to contribute do body fat mass. Dietary lipids have a crucial role in adult nutrition, including in elderly people despite the lower energy expenditures. In one hand, fat intake should accomplish the recommended guidelines in order to satisfy the essential fatty acids needs in this population, on the other hand should not be excessively consumed in order to maintain a balanced energy intake and prevent weight gain.

Considering the possible lower food intake and the high risk of malnutrition, fat could also help to accomplish the needed and recommended energy intakes in elderly people and by this way prevent unwanted weight-loss.

Further studies should be conducted in order to evaluate the role of the different fat types and specific food group consumption on body composition.

Afridi, A.K. and A. Khan, 2004. Prevalence and etiology of obesity: An overview. Pak. J. Nutr., 3: 14-25.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Ahluwalia, N., J. Ferrieres, J. Dallongeville, C. Simon and P. Ducimetiere et al., 2009. Association of macronutrient intake patterns with being overweight in a population-based random sample of men in France. Diabetes Metab., 35: 129-136.
CrossRef  |

Aslam, M., A. Saeed, G.R. Pasha and S. Altaf, 2010. Median regression analysis of body mass index of adults in Pakistan. Pak. J. Nutr., 9: 611-615.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Boss, G.R. and J.E. Seegmiller, 1981. Age-related physiological changes and their clinical significance. West. J. Med., 135: 434-440.
Direct Link  |

Brozek, J., F. Grande, J.T. Anderson and A. Keys, 1963. Densitometric analysis of body composition: Revision of some quantitative assumptions. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci., 110: 113-140.
Direct Link  |

Corish, C.A. and N.P. Kennedy, 2003. Anthropometric measurements from a cross-sectional survey of Irish free-living elderly subjects with smoothed centile curves. Br. J. Nut., 89: 137-145.
CrossRef  |

Doherty, T.J., 2003. Invited review: Aging and sarcopenia. J. Applied Physiol., 95: 1717-1727.
PubMed  |

Elmadfa, I. and A.L. Meyer, 2008. Body composition, changing physiological functions and nutrient requirements of the elderly. Ann. Nut. Metab., 52: 2-5.
CrossRef  |

Etemadi, A. and K. Ahmadi, 2009. Psychological disorders of elderly home residents. J. Applied Sci., 9: 549-554.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Gharouni, M., P. Ebrahimi, M.J. Mahmoodi, M. Hasibi, A. Rashidi and P. Khashaya, 2008. Poor physical activity in the elderly as assessed by a visual analogue scale is associated with dyslipidemia. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 11: 2367-2369.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |

Halkjaer, J., A. Tjonneland, B.L. Thomsen, K. Overvad and T.I.A. Sorensen, 2006. Intake of macronutrients as predictors of 5-y changes in waist circumference. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 84: 789-797.
Direct Link  |

Harris, D.G., C. Davies, H. Ward and N.Y. Haboubi, 2008. An observational study of screening for malnutrition in elderly people living in sheltered accommodation. J. Human Nut. Dietetics, 21: 3-9.
CrossRef  |

Hughes, V.A., R. Roubenoff, M. Wood, W.R. Frontera, W.J. Evans and M.A.F. Singh, 2004. Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80: 475-482.
PubMed  |

Latiffah, A.L. and P. Hanachi, 2008. To investigate the relation of hypertension and anthropometric measurement among elderly in Malaysia. J. Applied Sci., 8: 3963-3968.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Lee, C.M.Y., R.R. Huxley, R.P. Wildman and M. Woodward, 2008. Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: A meta-analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 61: 646-653.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Odenigbo, U.M., C.U. Odenigbo and O.C. Oguejiofor, 2010. Nutritional status of elderly in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Pak. J. Nutr., 9: 416-418.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Odenigbo, U.M., U.C. Odenigbo, O.C. Oguejiofor and P.O.U. Adogu, 2011. Relationship of waist circumference, waist hip ratio and body mass index as predictors of obesity in adult Nigerians. Pak. J. Nutr., 10: 15-18.
CrossRef  |

Perissinotto, E., C. Pisent, G. Sergi, F. Grigoletto, G. Enzi and ILSA Working Group, 2002. Anthropometric measurements in the elderly: Age and gender differences. Br. J. Nutr., 87: 177-186.
CrossRef  |

Periwal, V. and C.C. Chow, 2006. Patterns in food intake correlate with body mass index. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 291: E929-E936.
CrossRef  |

Randi, G., C. Pelucchi, S. Gallus, M. Parpinel and L. Dal Maso et al., 2007. Lipid, protein and carbohydrate intake in relation to body mass index: An Italian study. Public Health Nut., 10: 306-310.
CrossRef  |

Russell, R.M., 1992. Changes in gastrointestinal function attributed to aging. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 55: 1203S-1207S.
Direct Link  |

Saeed, S.A., M.Z.S. Urfy, T.M. Ali, F.W. Khimani and A.U.H. Gilani, 2005. Antioxidants: Their role in health and disease. Int. J. Pharmacol., 1: 226-233.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Sharkey, J.R., L.G. Branch, N. Zohoori, C. Giuliani, J. Busby-Whitehead and P.S. Haines, 2002. Inadequate nutrient intakes among homebound elderly and their correlation with individual characteristics and health-related factors. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 76: 1435-1445.
Direct Link  |

Slattery, M.L., A. McDonald, D.E. Bild, B.J. Caan, J.E. Hilner, D.R. Jr. Jacobs and K. Liu, 1992. Associations of body fat and its distribution with dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking in blacks and whites. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 55: 943-949.
Direct Link  |

Slowinska, M.A. and L. Wadolowska, 2003. Intake of selected minerals in daily food rations of the elderly. Pak. J. Nutr., 2: 132-137.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Sun, Y., D.L. Roth, C.S. Ritchie, K.L. Burgio and J.L. Locher, 2010. Reliability and predictive validity of energy intake measures from the 24- hour dietary recalls of homebound older adults. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 110: 773-778.
PubMed  |

Swinburn, B., G. Sacks and E. Ravussin, 2009. Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nut., 90: 1453-1456.
CrossRef  |

Trichopoulou, A., C. Gnardellis, V. Benetou, P. Lagiou, C. Bamia and D. Trichopoulos, 2002. Lipid, protein and carbohydrate intake in relation to body mass index. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 56: 37-43.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Vahdatpour, T., K. Nazer-Adl, Y. Ebrahim-Nezhad, N. Maheri-Sis and S. Vahdatpour, 2008. The effects of energy increasing and protein lowering by addition of fats to diet on broiler chickens: performance and serum lipids. AJAVA., 3: 286-292.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |

Vellas, B., Y. Guigoz, P.J. Garry, F. Nourhashemi, D. Bennahum, S. Lauque and J.L. Albarede, 1999. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Nutrition, 15: 116-122.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |

WHO., 1995. Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry (Technical Report Series No. 854). World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN-13: 9789241208543, Pages: 452.

Wells, J.L. and A.C. Dumbrell, 2006. Nutrition and aging: assessment and treatment of compromised nutritional status in frail elderly patients. Clin. Intervent. Aging, 1: 67-79.
Direct Link  |

Zamboni, M., G. Mazzali, F. Fantin, A. Rossi and V. di Francesco, 2008. Sarcopenic obesity: A new category of obesity in the elderly. Nut. Metabolism Cardiovascular Dis., 18: 388-395.
CrossRef  |

©  2020 Science Alert. All Rights Reserved


WARC-Identified-Payload-Type: application/xml

text:
Journal of Software Engineering 1819-4311 2152-0941 Asian Network for Scientific Information 10.3923/jse.2010.1.15 Kalaimagal S. Srinivasan R. 1 2010 4 1 This study proposes a quality model that can be used for the evaluation of COTS components quality by organizations. The proposed quality model is primarily based on the ISO 9126 model. Appropriate quality factors, criteria and measures have been identified in the model. Suitable weights are fixed to the different quality factors based on their significance level with respect to COTS component quality. The use of the model is illustrated with a flowchart. A study to demonstrate the use of the model has been presented. The experimental results obtained while validating the model have been presented. The results show that the model has been successful in evaluating the quality of COTS components within specific domains. The next step is the validation of the model on a larger scale to see if it can be applied to generalized domains.

Rawashdeh, A. and B. Matalkah, 2006 J. Comput. Sci., 2 373 381 Alvaro, A., A.S. Almeida and S.R.I. Meira, 2005 Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Component Oriented Programming (WCOP) in Conjunction with the 19th European Conference on Object Oriented Programming (ECOOP), 2005 pp: 90 94 Alvaro, A. and A.S. Almeida, 2005 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC), 2005 pp: 120 124 Szysperski, C., G. Dominic and M. Stephen, 2002 Component Oriented Programming-Beyond Object Oriented Software. 2nd Edn., Dormey, G.R., 1995 IEEE Trans. Software Eng., 21 146 162 Smith, F.D., 2005 Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Models and Processes for the Evaluation of Off-The-Shelf Components (MPEC), 2005 pp: 1 3 Hopkins, J., 2000 Commun. ACM, 43 27 30 ISO/IEC JTC1, ISO-14598-1, 1999 Quality and quality characteristics. 1999 Jezequel, J.M. and B. Meyer, 1997 IEEE Comput., 30 129 130 Gao, J., K. Gupta, S. Gupta and S. Shim, 2002 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on COTS-Based Software Systems, 2002 pp: 108 121 Bertoa, M. and A. Valecillo, 2002 Proceedings of the 6th International ECOOP Workshop on Quantitative Approaches in Object Oriented Software Engineering (QAOOSE), 2002 pp: 87 90 Pour, G., 1999 Proceedings of Technology of Object Oriented Languages and Systems, 1999 pp: 419 421 Kalaimagal, S. and S. Rengaramanujam, 2008 ACM SIGSOFT Software Eng. Notes, 33 1 10


text:
Welcome to Science Connected!

Who Are We?

Science Connected is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit publisher of fun, engaging, research-based science education books. We are a global group of scientists and science communicators who are dedicated to increasing public understanding of science and creating free and equal access to science education.

Together we help scientists provide public access to their research findings; translate complex research findings into accessible insights on science, nature, and technology; and facilitate scientific research, communication, and lifelong learning.

Our organization views science as a space for growth, opportunity, community, environmental stewardship, and education. We put this view into practice by creating a collaborative space for researchers, citizen scientists, educators, and science communicators to write about scientific projects that will change our world. And because we also report on the culture and politics surrounding science, we often focus on its human side, offering a place for scientists and community members to tell their stories. In addition to publishing Science Connected Magazine, we produce teaching guides, lab manuals, and paperback anthologies.

Why support free and affordable STEM education?

Why should we invest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education? The benefits are many. We live in an era of constant scientific discovery and technological change. Science directly impacts our lives and requires our input as informed citizens. Moreover, as our economy increasingly depends on advanced in science and technology, new jobs are created in STEM fields. The success of nations depends on building a scientifically literate citizenry and a skilled, STEM-educated workforce.

Scientific literacy is essential to a post-industrial society. Companies often seek to hire STEM-literate employees, only to be met with a shortage of qualified applicants. By ensuring that all students have access to education in STEM subjects, we can close the so-called “skills gap.”

At Science Connected, we work with scientists and educators to provide children with the scientific knowledge that will help employ them, help them become the citizens, leaders, and innovators of tomorrow. But that’s not all. We also work with researchers, journalists, universities, and industry leaders to provide cutting-edge research findings to people of all ages who continue to change our world for the better.

Your investment helps  further our efforts to transform science education. Your support has the potential to change hundreds of thousands of lives by nurturing the inner scientist in people of all ages—innovators and leaders of today and tomorrow.

How your donation helps

Whatever your focus, your investment will be transformative. We are dedicated to continuing our work to affect inquiry-based engagement in schools until every classroom, teacher, and student is reached. Please join us in fulfilling our vision: sharing scientific discoveries with the world to benefit people and the planet.


text:
Heart Plastic Cookie Cutter Set ( 5 pc )

No reviews yet Write a Review
Out of stock

Use these heart cookie cutters to make some fun party favors for a special birthday or even Valentines .. can be used with fondant, gumpaste and more ... Plastic 5pc Heart Biscuit Cutter Set in various bright colors. Sizes included: 1 3/4", 2 1/8", 2 1/2", 3", and 3 3/8".Top rack dishwasher safe.

This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!
Write a Review
Shipping Info
All orders that are placed before 2 pm PST Mon- Fri are processed and shipped that afternoon. Any orders placed on the weekend will be shipped the following work day not including holidays.
Returns Policy
All food related items are non-refundable including but not limited to Fondant, Gumpaste, Pressed Sugars, Candy, Chocolate and more. For our full Shipping and Returns Policies please click here

Related Products

Customers Also Viewed


text:
Wildfire smoke equals 2 packs a day…!

For some of us, the idea of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day would be the equivalent of choosing to walk into a den of hungry lions with nothing more than a butter knife to protect us, that’s never going to happen, ever! But what happens when you get pushed into the lions den against your will with no means to protect yourself? Chances are you are going to get eaten. Welcome to the den of wildfire smoke!

According to Mike Flannigan of the University of Alberta, “breathing smoke from a wildfire can be equivalent to smoking up to two packs of cigarettes a day, depending on the density….it’s worse than we thought.” Professor Flannigan compared wildfire smoke to “chemical soup” that can be trapped in the lungs and cause a number of health issues. He further states, “There are all kinds of particles, mercury, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane…there’s a whole long list. Depending on the size of the particles, they get trapped in the lungs, accumulate over time and cause all kinds of problems.”

Professor Jennifer Horney, PHD, of epidemiology and member of the Disaster Research Center at the University of Delaware had this to say. “Just think about all the chemicals people keep in their garages, pesticides, paint, you name it – and when those things burn, along with everything else, you’re breathing in the product of all that combustion.”

So, what can be done to keep you from the teeth and claws of ravaging wildfire smoke.

  1. Sign up for air-quality alerts at AirNow.gov
  2. Try to stay indoors, no jogging on smokey days
  3. Run your household air conditioner on the fresh air
  4. Don’t vacuum every day which stirs up dust
  5. No wood stove burning, candles, cooking with heavy
    grease, or cigarette smoking inside
  6. If you must go out, wear dust masks or surgical masks

In closing, it is the hope of the editor that you never have to face losing your home to wildfire, but if you do, heed all safety warnings and be cautious about sifting through wreckage as fine particulate matter may still be floating around. Stay Safe…!


text:
You don't change the winning combination, don't you?! We all think the same.

M-Sport and Hyundai offered WRC Championship leader Estonian Ott Tanak a deal with six zeros but he refused them just to extend the contract with the current manufacturer Toyota who has the best car at the moment, to be honest.

So why to change the car if you already won four rallies this season with it?! No chance.

Tanak is clever driver and knows very good what to do for his career after the years of suffering in M-Sport private outfit.

Toyota has the budget to run the team at the highest level and where is the money, there are the results also. That's true.

We still don't know how many years are included in the contract but I guess it is the two or three years long deal.

Great job, Ott.

photo and video from WRC and youtube


text:
Product added!

Save the Honey Bees Grocery – Pink

They are approximately 18″ wide x 19″ high x 7″ deep. They have 2 handles that are either 13.5″  or 27″ long. Please fill in your handle length preference in customer notes.  Grocery bags have an interior pocket and an exterior D-ring. They are double stitched and hemmed. Sizes will vary due to the nature of using scrap fabric.

Holds more than the standard size brown paper bag. Printed on both sides.

2 in stock

Show Buttons
Hide Buttons


text:
Legacy Paradox Support

For many years, Paradox was the pre-eminent Database software worldwide. Many important line-of-business applications were written in Paradox. Today, Paradox still has a small but strong and loyal following and best of all, Paradox applications can run under modern Microsoft Windows versions, including Windows 10.

Our founder (Tom) has been involved with Paradox since 1995 and has written a few large Paradox applications himself. He's also recently converted a number of Paradox applications to interface with Microsoft SQL Server and PostgreSQL databases.In fact, he's considered a Paradox "expert" on the Paradox users group and continues to answer questions and provide advice.

So if you have a Paradox application that's causing a few problems, or needs rejuvenation, or needs to be moved to Windows 10, and you don't want to go to the expense of re-writing your application on another platform, contact Tom.

On the other hand, if you DO want to move your old Paradox application to a new platform, talk to Tom. Tom has done that too, moving a large application from Paradox to .NET, SQL Server and the "Cloud".

So no matter what your Paradox support needs are, contact us and have a chat to Tom.