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1982 FIFA World Cup

Germany national football team Italy national football team France national football team

1982 FIFA World Cup
Copa Mundial de Fútbol – España 82
Copa del Món de Futbol de 1982
1982ko Munduko Futbol Txapelketa
Mundial de Fútbol de 1982
Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 1982
1982 FIFA World Cup.svg
1982 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host countrySpain
Dates13 June – 11 July
Teams24 (from 6 confederations)
Venue(s)17 (in 14 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Italy (3rd title)
Runners-up West Germany
Third place Poland
Fourth place France
Tournament statistics
Matches played52
Goals scored146 (2.81 per match)
Attendance2,109,723 (40,572 per match)
Top scorer(s)Italy Paolo Rossi (6 goals)
Best player(s)Italy Paolo Rossi[1]
Best young playerFrance Manuel Amoros[1]
Fair play award Brazil[1]

The 1982 FIFA World Cup was the 12th FIFA World Cup and was played in Spain between 13 June and 11 July 1982. The tournament was won by Italy, who defeated West Germany 3–1 in the final, held in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Spanish capital of Madrid. It was Italy's third World Cup title, but their first since 1938. The defending champions, Argentina, were eliminated in the second group round. Algeria, Cameroon, Honduras, Kuwait and New Zealand made their first appearances in the finals.

The tournament featured the first penalty shoot-out in World Cup competition.[2][3] This was the last World Cup to feature two rounds of group stages. It was also the third time (after 1934 and 1966) in which all four semi-finalists were European.

In the first round of Group 3, Hungary defeated El Salvador 10–1, equalling the largest margin of victory recorded in the finals (Hungary over South Korea 9–0 in 1954, and Yugoslavia over Zaire 9–0 in 1974).

Host selection

Spain was chosen as the host nation by FIFA in London on 6 July 1966. Hosting rights for the 1974 and 1978 tournaments were awarded at the same time. West Germany and Spain agreed a deal whereby Spain would support West Germany for the 1974 tournament and West Germany would allow Spain to bid for the 1982 World Cup unopposed.

  Countries qualified for World Cup
  Country did not qualify
  Countries that did not enter World Cup
  Country not a FIFA member

For the first time, the World Cup finals expanded from 16 to 24 teams. This allowed more teams to participate from Africa and Asia.

Teams absent from the finals were 1974 and 1978 runners-up Netherlands (eliminated by Belgium and France), Mexico (eliminated by Honduras and El Salvador), and the three times 1970s participants Sweden (eliminated by Scotland and Northern Ireland). Northern Ireland qualified for the first time since 1958. Belgium, Czechoslovakia, El Salvador, England and the Soviet Union were all back in the finals after 12-year absences. England had its first successful World Cup qualifying campaign in 20 years,[4] having qualified automatically as hosts in 1966 and as defending champions in 1970 and failing to qualify in 1974 and 1978. Yugoslavia and Chile were also back after missing the 1978 tournament.

Algeria, Cameroon, Honduras, Kuwait, and New Zealand all participated in the World Cup for the first time. As of 2018, this was the last time that El Salvador and Kuwait qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, as well as the last time that Mexico and South Korea failed to qualify.

There was some consideration given as to whether England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland should withdraw from the tournament because of the Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom.[4] A directive issued by the British sports minister Neil Macfarlane in April, at the start of the conflict, suggested that there should be no contact between British representative teams and Argentina.[4] This directive was not rescinded until August, following the end of hostilities.[4] Macfarlane reported to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher that some players and officials were uneasy about participating because of the casualties suffered by British forces.[4] FIFA advised the British Government that there was no prospect that Argentina (the defending champions) would be asked to withdraw.[4] It also became apparent that no other countries would withdraw from the tournament.[4] It was decided[by whom?] to allow the British national teams to participate so that Argentina could not use their absence for propaganda purposes, reversing the intended effect of applying political pressure onto Argentina.[4]

List of qualified teams

The following 24 teams qualified for the final tournament.

A statue commemorating the 1982 FIFA World Cup at the Estadio Riazor in A Coruña.

The first round was a round-robin group stage containing six groups of four teams each. Two points were awarded for a win and one for a draw, with goal difference used to separate teams equal on points. The top two teams in each group advanced. In the second round, the twelve remaining teams were split into four groups of three teams each, with the winner of each group progressing to the knockout semi-final stage.

The composition of the groups in the second round was determined before the start of the tournament. Groups A and B were to include one team from each of Groups 1 through 6, and Groups C and D included the remaining six teams. The winners of Groups 1 and 3 were in Group A whilst the runners-up were in Group C. The winners of Groups 2 and 4 were in Group B whilst the runners-up were in Group D. The winner of Group 5 was in Group D whilst the runner-up was in Group B. The winner of Group 6 was in Group C whilst the runner-up was in Group A. Thus, Group A mirrored Group C, and Group B mirrored Group D with the winners and runners-up from the first round being placed into opposite groups in the second round.

The second-round groups that mirrored each other (based on the first-round groupings) faced off against each other in the semifinals. Thus, the Group A winner played the Group C winner, and the Group B winner played the Group D winner. This meant that if two teams which played in the same first-round group both emerged from the second round, they would meet for the second time of the tournament in a semifinal match. It also guaranteed that the final match would feature two teams that had not previously played each other in the tournament. As it turned out, Italy and Poland who were both in Group 1 in the first round, each won their second-round groups and played each other in a semifinal match.[5]

First group stage

In Group 1, newcomers Cameroon held both Poland and Italy to draws, and were denied a place in the next round on the basis of having scored fewer goals than Italy (the sides had an equal goal difference). Poland and Italy qualified over Cameroon and Peru. Italian journalists and tifosi criticised their team for their uninspired performances that managed three draws; the squad was reeling from the recent Serie A scandal, where national players were suspended for match fixing and illegal betting.[6]

Group 2 saw one of the great World Cup upsets on the first day with the 2–1 victory of Algeria over reigning European Champions West Germany. In the final match in the group, West Germany met Austria in a match later dubbed as the "Disgrace of Gijón". Algeria had already played their final group game the day before, and West Germany and Austria knew that a West German win by 1 or 2 goals would qualify them both, while a larger German victory would qualify Algeria over Austria, and a draw or an Austrian win would eliminate the Germans. After 10 minutes of all-out attack, West Germany scored through a goal by Horst Hrubesch. After the goal was scored, the two teams kicked the ball around aimlessly for the rest of the match. Chants of "Fuera, fuera" ("Out, out") were screamed by the Spanish crowd, while angry Algerian supporters waved banknotes at the players. This performance was widely deplored, even by the German and Austrian fans. One German fan was so upset by his team's display that he burned his German flag in disgust.[7] Algeria protested to FIFA, who ruled that the result be allowed to stand; FIFA introduced a revised qualification system at subsequent World Cups in which the final two games in each group were played simultaneously.

Group 3, where the opening ceremony and first match of the tournament took place, saw Belgium beat defending champions Argentina 1–0. The Camp Nou stadium was the home of Barcelona, and many fans had wanted to see the club's new signing, Argentinian star Diego Maradona, who did not perform to expectations. Both Belgium and Argentina ultimately advanced at the expense of Hungary and El Salvador despite Hungary's 10–1 win over the Central American nation – which, with a total of 11 goals, is the second highest scoreline in a World Cup game (equal with Brazil's 6–5 victory over Poland in the 1938 tournament and Hungary's 8–3 victory over West Germany in the 1954 tournament).

Group 4 opened with England midfielder Bryan Robson's goal against France after only 27 seconds of play. England won 3–1 and qualified along with France over Czechoslovakia and Kuwait, though the tiny Gulf emirate held Czechoslovakia to a 1–1 draw. In the game between Kuwait and France, with France leading 3–1, France midfielder Alain Giresse scored a goal vehemently contested by the Kuwait team, who had stopped play after hearing a piercing whistle from the stands, which they thought had come from Soviet referee Miroslav Stupar. Play had not yet resumed when Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, brother of the then-Kuwaiti Emir and president of the Kuwait Football Association, rushed onto the pitch to remonstrate with the referee. Stupar reversed his initial decision and disallowed the goal to the fury of the French. Maxime Bossis scored another valid goal a few minutes later and France won 4–1.

In Group 5, Honduras held hosts Spain to a 1–1 draw. Northern Ireland won the group outright, eliminating Yugoslavia and beating hosts Spain 1–0; Northern Ireland had to play the majority of the second half with ten men after Mal Donaghy was dismissed. Spain scraped by thanks to a controversial penalty in the 2–1 victory over Yugoslavia. At 17 years and 41 days, Northern Ireland forward Norman Whiteside was the youngest player to appear in a World Cup match.[8]

Brazil were in Group 6. With Zico, Sócrates, Falcão, Éder and others, they boasted an offensive firepower that promised a return to the glory days of 1970. They beat the USSR 2–1 thanks to a 20-metre Éder goal two minutes from time, then Scotland and New Zealand with four goals each. The Soviets took the group's other qualifying berth on goal difference at the expense of the Scots.

Second group stage

Poland opened Group A with a 3–0 defeat of Belgium thanks to a Zbigniew Boniek hat-trick. The Soviet Union prevailed 1–0 in the next match over Belgium. The Poles edged out the USSR for the semi-final spot on the final day on goal difference thanks to a 0–0 draw in a politically charged match, as Poland's then-Communist government had imposed a martial law a few months earlier to quash internal dissent.

In Group B, a match between England and West Germany ended in a goalless draw. West Germany put the pressure on England in their second match by beating Spain 2–1. The home side drew 0–0 against England, denying Ron Greenwood's team a semi-final place and putting England in the same position as Cameroon, being eliminated without losing a game.

In Group C, with Brazil, Argentina and Italy, in the opener, Italy prevailed 2–1 over Diego Maradona and Mario Kempes's side after a game in which Italian defenders Gaetano Scirea and Claudio Gentile proved themselves equal to the task of stopping the Argentinian attack. Argentina now needed a win over Brazil on the second day, but lost 3–1 – Argentina only scoring in the last minute. Maradona kicked Brazilian player João Batista in the groin and was sent off in the 85th minute.

The match between Brazil and Italy pitted Brazil's attack against Italy's defence, with the majority of the game played around the Italian area, and with the Italian midfielders and defenders returning the repeated set volleys of Brazilian shooters such as Zico, Sócrates and Falcão. Italian centre back Gentile was assigned to mark Brazilian striker Zico, earning a yellow card and a suspension for the semi-final. Paolo Rossi opened the scoring when he headed in Antonio Cabrini's cross with just five minutes played. Sócrates equalised for Brazil seven minutes later. In the twenty-fifth minute Rossi stepped past Júnior, intercepted a pass from Cerezo across the Brazilians' goal, and drilled the shot home. The Brazilians threw everything in search of another equaliser, while Italy defended bravely. On 68 minutes, Falcão collected a pass from Júnior and as Cerezo's dummy run distracted three defenders, fired home from 20 yards out. Now Italy had gained the lead twice thanks to Rossi's goals, and Brazil had come back twice; At 2–2, Brazil would have been through on goal difference, but in the 74th minute, a poor clearance from an Italian corner kick went back to the Brazilian six-yard line where Rossi and Francesco Graziani were waiting. Both aimed at the same shot, Rossi connecting to get a hat trick and sending Italy into the lead for good. In the 86th minute Giancarlo Antognoni scored an apparent fourth goal for Italy, but it was wrongly disallowed for offside. In the dying moments Dino Zoff made a miraculous save to deny Oscar a goal, ensuring that Italy advanced to the semi-final.[9][10]

In the last group, Group D, France dispatched Austria 1–0 with a free kick goal by Bernard Genghini, and then defeated Northern Ireland 4–1 to reach their first semi-final since 1958.

Semi-finals, third-place match, and final

Adidas Tango España, official match ball of Spain '82

In a re-match of the encounter in the first round, Italy beat Poland in the first semi-final through two goals from Paolo Rossi. In the game between France and West Germany, the Germans opened the scoring through a Pierre Littbarski strike in the 17th minute, and the French equalised nine minutes later with a Michel Platini penalty. In the second half a long through ball sent French defender Patrick Battiston racing clear towards the German goal. With both Battiston and the lone German defender trying to be the first to reach the ball, Battiston flicked it past German keeper Harald Schumacher from the edge of the German penalty area and Schumacher reacted by jumping up to block. Schumacher did not seem to go for the ball, however, and clattered straight into the oncoming Battiston – which left the French player unconscious and knocked two of his teeth out. Schumacher's action has been described as "one of history's most shocking fouls".[11] The ball went just wide of the post and Dutch referee Charles Corver deemed Schumacher's tackle on Battiston not to be a foul and awarded a goal kick. Play was interrupted for several minutes while Battiston, still unconscious and with a broken jaw, was carried off the field on a stretcher.

After French defender Manuel Amoros had sent a 25-metre drive crashing onto the West German crossbar in the final minute, the match went into extra time. On 92 minutes, France's sweeper Marius Trésor fired a swerving volley under Schumacher's crossbar from ten metres out to make it 2–1. Six minutes later, an unmarked Alain Giresse drove in an 18-metre shot off the inside of the right post to finish off a counter-attack and put France up 3–1. But West Germany would not give up. In the 102nd minute a counter-attack culminated in a cross that recent substitute Karl-Heinz Rummenigge turned in at the near post from a difficult angle with the outside of his foot, reducing France's lead to 3–2. Then in the 108th minute Germany took a short corner and after France failed to clear, the ball was played by Germany to Littbarski whose cross to Horst Hrubesch was headed back to the centre towards Klaus Fischer, who was unmarked but with his back to goal. Fischer in turn volleyed the ball past French keeper Jean-Luc Ettori with a bicycle kick, levelling the scores at 3–3.

The resulting penalty shootout was the first at a World Cup finals. Giresse, Manfred Kaltz, Manuel Amoros, Paul Breitner and Dominique Rocheteau all converted penalties until Uli Stielike was stopped by Ettori, giving France the advantage. But then Schumacher stepped forward, lifted the tearful Stielike from the ground, and saved Didier Six's shot. With Germany handed the lifeline they needed Littbarski converted his penalty, followed by Platini for France, and then Rummenigge for Germany as the tension mounted. France defender Maxime Bossis then had his kick parried by Schumacher who anticipated it, and Hrubesch stepped up to score and send Germany to the World Cup final yet again with a victory on penalties, 5–4.

"After I scored, my whole life passed before me – the same feeling they say you have when you are about to die, the joy of scoring in a World Cup final was immense, something I dreamed about as a kid, and my celebration was a release after realising that dream. I was born with that scream inside me, that was just the moment it came out."

—Italian midfielder Marco Tardelli on his iconic goal celebration from the 1982 World Cup Final.[12]

In the third-place match, Poland edged the French side 3–2 which matched Poland's best performance at a World Cup previously achieved in 1974. France would go on to win the European Championship two years later.

In the final, Antonio Cabrini fired a penalty wide of goal in the first half. In the second half, Paolo Rossi scored first for the third straight game by heading home Gentile's bouncing cross at close range. Exploiting the situation, Italy scored twice more on quick counter-strikes, all the while capitalising on their defence to hold the Germans. With Gentile and Gaetano Scirea holding the centre, the Italian strikers were free to counter-punch the weakened German defence. Marco Tardelli's shot from the edge of the area beat Schumacher first, and Alessandro Altobelli, the substitute for injured striker Francesco Graziani, made it 3–0 at the end of a solo sprint down the right side by the stand-out winger Bruno Conti. Italy's lead appeared secure, encouraging Italian president Sandro Pertini to wag his finger at the cameras in a playful "not going to catch us now" gesture. In the 83rd minute, Paul Breitner scored for West Germany, but it was only a consolation goal as Italy won 3–1 to claim their first World Cup title in 44 years, and their third in total.

Italy became the first team to advance from the first round without winning a game, drawing all three (while Cameroon were eliminated in the same way by virtue of having only one goal scored against Italy's two), and also the only World Cup winner to draw or lose three matches at the Finals. By winning, Italy equalled Brazil's record of winning the World Cup three times. Italy's total of twelve goals scored in seven matches set a new low for average goals scored per game by a World Cup winning side (subsequently exceeded by Spain in 2010), while Italy's aggregate goal difference of +6 for the tournament remains a record low for a champion, equalled by Spain.

Italy's 40-year-old captain-goalkeeper Dino Zoff became the oldest player to win the World Cup.[13] This was the first World Cup in which teams from all six continental confederations participated in the finals, something that did not happen again until 2006.

17 stadiums in 14 cities hosted the tournament, a record that stood until the 2002 tournament, which was played 20 stadiums in two countries.[14] The most used venue was FC Barcelona's Camp Nou stadium, which hosted five matches, including a semi-final; it was the largest stadium used for this tournament. With Sarrià Stadium also hosting three matches, Barcelona was the Spanish city with the most matches in España 1982 with eight; Madrid, the nation's capital, followed with seven.

This particular World Cup was organised in such a way that all of the matches of each of the six groups were assigned stadiums in cities near to each other, in order to reduce the stress of travel on the players and fans. For example, Group 1 matches were played in Vigo and A Coruña, Group 2 in Gijón and Oviedo, Group 3 in Elche and Alicante (except for the first match, which was the opening match of the tournament, which was played at the Camp Nou), Group 4 in Bilbao and Valladolid, Group 5 (which included hosts Spain) in Valencia and Zaragoza, and Group 6 in Seville and Malaga (of the three first-round matches in Seville, the first match between Brazil and the Soviet Union was played in the Pizjuán Stadium, and the other two were played in the Villamarín Stadium). Group stage matches in the milder northern cities like Bilbao or Gijon would start at 17:00, while the matches in the southern cities like Seville or Valencia would start at 21:00, in an attempt to avoid the intense southern Spanish summer heat, which has average temperatures in the 90s and 100s °F (32-38 °C).

When the tournament went into the round-robin second round matches, all the aforementioned cities excluding Barcelona, Alicante and Seville did not host any more matches in España 1982. Both the Santiago Bernabéu and Vicente Calderón stadiums in Madrid and the Sarrià Stadium in Barcelona were used for the first time for this tournament for the second round matches. Madrid and Barcelona hosted the four second round group matches; Barcelona hosted Groups A and C (Camp Nou hosted all three of Group A's matches, and Sarrià did the same with Group C's matches) and Madrid hosted Groups B and D (Real Madrid's Bernabeu Stadium hosted all three of Group B's matches, and Atlético Madrid's Calderon Stadium did the same with the Group D matches)

The two semi final matches were held at Camp Nou and the Pizjuán Stadium in Seville, the third largest stadium used for the tournament (one of only two España 1982 matches it hosted), the third place match was held in Alicante and the final was held at the Bernabeu, the second largest stadium used for this tournament.[15]

Barcelona Madrid Sevilla
Camp Nou Sarrià Santiago Bernabéu Vicente Calderón Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán
Capacity: 121,401 Capacity: 40,400 Capacity: 90,089 Capacity: 65,695 Capacity: 68,110
Elche Stadiums in Barcelona
Nuevo Estadio
Capacity: 53,290
Sevilla Stadiums in Madrid Stadiums in Sevilla
Benito Villamarín
Capacity: 50,253
Valencia Bilbao Gijón Málaga Zaragoza
Luis Casanova San Mamés El Molinón La Rosaleda La Romareda
Capacity: 49,562 Capacity: 46,223 Capacity: 45,153 Capacity: 45,000 Capacity: 41,806
A Coruña Vigo Alicante Valladolid Oviedo
Riazor Balaídos José Rico Pérez José Zorrilla Carlos Tartiere
Capacity: 34,190 Capacity: 33,000 Capacity: 32,500 Capacity: 30,043 Capacity: 23,500

Match officials

For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1982 FIFA World Cup squads.

The 24 qualifiers were divided into four groupings which formed the basis of the draw for the group stage. FIFA announced the six seeded teams on the day of the draw and allocated them in advance to the six groups; as had become standard, the host nation and the reigning champions were among the seeds.[16] The seeded teams would play all their group matches at the same venue (with the exception of World Cup holders Argentina who would play in the opening game scheduled for the Camp Nou, the largest of the venues). The remaining 18 teams were split into three pots based on FIFA's assessment of the team's strength, but also taking in account geographic considerations. The seedings and group venues for those teams were tentatively agreed at an informal meeting in December 1981 but not officially confirmed until the day of the draw. FIFA executive Hermann Neuberger told the press that the seeding of England had been challenged by other nations but they were to be seeded as "the Spanish want England to play in Bilbao for security reasons".[17]

Seeded teams Pot A Pot B Pot C

Final draw

On 16 January 1982 the draw was conducted at the Palacio de Congresos in Madrid, where the teams were drawn out from the three pots to be placed with the seeded teams in their predetermined groups.[16] Firstly a draw was made to decide the order in which the three drums containing pots A, B and C would be emptied. The teams were then drawn one-by-one and entered in the groups in that order. A number was then drawn to determine the team's "position" in the group and hence the fixtures.[18]

The only stipulation of the draw was that no group could feature two South American teams. As a result, Pot B – which contained two South American teams – was initially drawn containing only the four Europeans, which were then to be immediately allocated to Groups 3 and 6 which contained the two South American seeds Argentina and Brazil. Once these two groups had been filled with the entrants from Pot B, then Chile and Peru would be added to the pot and the draw continue as normal.[18] In the event, FIFA executives Sepp Blatter and Hermann Neuberger conducting the draw initially forgot this stipulation and immediately placed the first team drawn from this pot (Belgium) into Group 1, rather than Group 3 before then placing the second team drawn out (Scotland) into Group 3; they then had to correct this by moving Belgium to Group 3 and Scotland into Group 6.[19][20] The ceremony suffered further embarrassment when one of the revolving drums containing the teams broke down.[19]

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

  Third place
  Fourth place
  Second group stage
  First group stage

First group stage

The group winners and runners-up advanced to the second round.

Teams were ranked on the following criteria:[21]

1. Greater number of points in all group matches
2. Goal difference in all group matches
3. Greater number of goals scored in all group matches
4. Drawing of lots

Group 1

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Poland 3 1 2 0 5 1 +4 4 Advance to second round
2  Italy 3 0 3 0 2 2 0 3
3  Cameroon 3 0 3 0 1 1 0 3
4  Peru 3 0 2 1 2 6 −4 2
Source: FIFA
14 June 1982
Italy  0–0  Poland Balaídos, Vigo
15 June 1982
Peru  0–0  Cameroon Estadio de Riazor, A Coruña
18 June 1982
Italy  1–1  Peru Balaídos, Vigo
19 June 1982
Poland  0–0  Cameroon Estadio de Riazor, A Coruña
22 June 1982
Poland  5–1  Peru Estadio de Riazor, A Coruña
23 June 1982
Italy  1–1  Cameroon Balaídos, Vigo

Group 2

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  West Germany 3 2 0 1 6 3 +3 4 Advance to second round
2  Austria 3 2 0 1 3 1 +2 4
3  Algeria 3 2 0 1 5 5 0 4
4  Chile 3 0 0 3 3 8 −5 0
Source: FIFA
16 June 1982
West Germany  1–2  Algeria El Molinón, Gijón
17 June 1982
Chile  0–1  Austria Estadio Carlos Tartiere, Oviedo
20 June 1982
West Germany  4–1  Chile El Molinón, Gijón
21 June 1982
Algeria  0–2  Austria Estadio Carlos Tartiere, Oviedo
24 June 1982
Algeria  3–2  Chile Estadio Carlos Tartiere, Oviedo
25 June 1982
West Germany  1–0  Austria El Molinón, Gijón

Group 3

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Belgium 3 2 1 0 3 1 +2 5 Advance to second round
2  Argentina 3 2 0 1 6 2 +4 4
3  Hungary 3 1 1 1 12 6 +6 3
4  El Salvador 3 0 0 3 1 13 −12 0
Source: FIFA
13 June 1982
Argentina  0–1  Belgium Camp Nou, Barcelona
15 June 1982
Hungary  10–1  El Salvador Nuevo Estadio, Elche
18 June 1982
Argentina  4–1  Hungary Estadio José Rico Pérez, Alicante
19 June 1982
Belgium  1–0  El Salvador Nuevo Estadio, Elche
22 June 1982
Belgium  1–1  Hungary Nuevo Estadio, Elche
23 June 1982
Argentina  2–0  El Salvador Estadio José Rico Pérez, Alicante

Group 4

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  England 3 3 0 0 6 1 +5 6 Advance to second round
2  France 3 1 1 1 6 5 +1 3
3  Czechoslovakia 3 0 2 1 2 4 −2 2
4  Kuwait 3 0 1 2 2 6 −4 1
Source: FIFA
16 June 1982
England  3–1  France San Mamés Stadium, Bilbao
17 June 1982
Czechoslovakia  1–1  Kuwait Estadio José Zorrilla, Valladolid
20 June 1982
England  2–0  Czechoslovakia San Mamés Stadium, Bilbao
21 June 1982
France  4–1  Kuwait Estadio José Zorrilla, Valladolid
24 June 1982
France  1–1  Czechoslovakia Estadio José Zorrilla, Valladolid
25 June 1982
England  1–0  Kuwait San Mamés Stadium, Bilbao

Group 5

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Northern Ireland 3 1 2 0 2 1 +1 4 Advance to second round
2  Spain 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 3
3  Yugoslavia 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 3
4  Honduras 3 0 2 1 2 3 −1 2
Source: FIFA
16 June 1982
Spain  1–1  Honduras Estadio Luis Casanova, Valencia
17 June 1982
Yugoslavia  0–0  Northern Ireland La Romareda, Zaragoza
20 June 1982
Spain  2–1  Yugoslavia Estadio Luis Casanova, Valencia
21 June 1982
Honduras  1–1  Northern Ireland La Romareda, Zaragoza
24 June 1982
Honduras  0–1  Yugoslavia La Romareda, Zaragoza
25 June 1982
Spain  0–1  Northern Ireland Estadio Luis Casanova, Valencia

Group 6

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Brazil 3 3 0 0 10 2 +8 6 Advance to second round
2  Soviet Union 3 1 1 1 6 4 +2 3
3  Scotland 3 1 1 1 8 8 0 3
4  New Zealand 3 0 0 3 2 12 −10 0
Source: FIFA
14 June 1982
Brazil  2–1  Soviet Union Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium, Seville
15 June 1982
Scotland  5–2  New Zealand La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga
18 June 1982
Brazil  4–1  Scotland Estadio Benito Villamarín, Seville
19 June 1982
Soviet Union  3–0  New Zealand La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga
22 June 1982
Soviet Union  2–2  Scotland La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga
23 June 1982
Brazil  4–0  New Zealand Estadio Benito Villamarín, Seville

Second group stage

The second round of matches consisted of four 3-way round-robin groups, each confined to one stadium in one of Spain's two largest cities: 2 in Madrid, and 2 in Barcelona. The winners of each one of these groups would progress to the semi-finals.

Teams were ranked on the following criteria:[21]

1. Greater number of points in all group matches
2. Goal difference in all group matches
3. Greater number of goals scored in all group matches
4. Whether the team finished first or second in their first round group
5. Drawing of lots

Although the fixtures were provisionally determined in advance, the teams competing in each fixture depended on the result of the opening match in each group: Should a team be defeated in the opening game of the group, that team would then have to play in the second fixture against the team not participating in the opening group game; the winner of the opening game would, by contrast, be rewarded by not needing to play again until the final fixture of the group and therefore gained extra recovery time. If the opening game was a draw, the predetermined order of games would proceed as planned. These regulations helped ensure that the final group games were of importance as no team could already have progressed to the semi-finals by the end of the second fixtures.[21]

The 43,000-capacity Sarria Stadium in Barcelona, used for the Group C round-robin matches between Italy, Argentina and Brazil was, unlike any of the other matches (except 1) in the other groups, severely overcrowded for all 3 matches. The venue was then heavily criticised for its lack of space and inability to handle such rampant crowds; although no one had foreseen such crowds at all; the Group A matches held at the nearby and much larger 99,500-capacity Camp Nou stadium never went past 65,000 and hosted all European teams; it was anticipated there would be larger crowds for the Camp Nou-hosted second round matches between Belgium, the Soviet Union and Poland.[22]

Group A

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Poland 2 1 1 0 3 0 +3 3 Advance to knockout stage
2  Soviet Union 2 1 1 0 1 0 +1 3
3  Belgium 2 0 0 2 0 4 −4 0
Source: FIFA
28 June 1982
Poland  3–0  Belgium Camp Nou, Barcelona
1 July 1982
Belgium  0–1  Soviet Union Camp Nou, Barcelona
4 July 1982
Soviet Union  0–0  Poland Camp Nou, Barcelona

Group B

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  West Germany 2 1 1 0 2 1 +1 3 Advance to knockout stage
2  England 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
3  Spain 2 0 1 1 1 2 −1 1
Source: FIFA
29 June 1982
West Germany  0–0  England Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
2 July 1982
West Germany  2–1  Spain Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
5 July 1982
Spain  0–0  England Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid

Group C

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Italy 2 2 0 0 5 3 +2 4 Advance to knockout stage
2  Brazil 2 1 0 1 5 4 +1 2
3  Argentina 2 0 0 2 2 5 −3 0
Source: FIFA
29 June 1982
Italy  2–1  Argentina Sarrià Stadium, Barcelona
2 July 1982
Argentina  1–3  Brazil Sarrià Stadium, Barcelona
5 July 1982
Italy  3–2  Brazil Sarrià Stadium, Barcelona

Group D

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  France 2 2 0 0 5 1 +4 4 Advance to knockout stage
2  Austria 2 0 1 1 2 3 −1 1
3  Northern Ireland 2 0 1 1 3 6 −3 1
Source: FIFA
28 June 1982
Austria  0–1  France Vicente Calderón Stadium, Madrid
1 July 1982
Austria  2–2  Northern Ireland Vicente Calderón Stadium, Madrid
4 July 1982
France  4–1  Northern Ireland Vicente Calderón Stadium, Madrid

Knockout stage

8 July – Barcelona (Camp Nou)
11 July – Madrid (Bernabéu)
8 July – Seville (Pizjuán)
 West Germany1
 West Germany (pen.)3 (5)
 France3 (4)
Third place
10 July – Alicante

Poland 0–2 Italy
Report Rossi Goal 22'73'
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Attendance: 50,000
Referee: Juan Daniel Cardellino (Uruguay)

Third place match

Poland 3–2 France
Szarmach Goal 40'
Majewski Goal 44'
Kupcewicz Goal 46'
Report Girard Goal 13'
Couriol Goal 72'

Italy 3–1 West Germany
Rossi Goal 57'
Tardelli Goal 69'
Altobelli Goal 81'
Report Breitner Goal 83'

Paolo Rossi received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 146 goals were scored by 100 players, with only one of them credited as own goal.

6 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Own goals

Red cards

Golden Boot Golden Ball Best Young Player FIFA Fair Play Trophy
Italy Paolo Rossi Italy Paolo Rossi France Manuel Amoros  Brazil

FIFA retrospective ranking

In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[24][25] The rankings for the 1982 tournament were as follows:

R Team G P W D L GF GA GD Pts.
1  Italy 1/C 7 4 3 0 12 6 +6 11
2  West Germany 2/B 7 3 2 2 12 10 +2 8
3  Poland 1/A 7 3 3 1 11 5 +6 9
4  France 4/D 7 3 2 2 16 12 +4 8
Eliminated in the second group stage
5  Brazil 6/C 5 4 0 1 15 6 +9 8
6  England 4/B 5 3 2 0 6 1 +5 8
7  Soviet Union 6/A 5 2 2 1 7 4 +3 6
8  Austria 2/D 5 2 1 2 5 4 +1 5
9  Northern Ireland 5/D 5 1 3 1 5 7 −2 5
10  Belgium 3/A 5 2 1 2 3 5 −2 5
11  Argentina 3/C 5 2 0 3 8 7 +1 4
12  Spain 5/B 5 1 2 2 4 5 −1 4
Eliminated in the first group stage
13  Algeria 2 3 2 0 1 5 5 0 4
14  Hungary 3 3 1 1 1 12 6 +6 3
15  Scotland 6 3 1 1 1 8 8 0 3
16  Yugoslavia 5 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 3
17  Cameroon 1 3 0 3 0 1 1 0 3
18  Honduras 5 3 0 2 1 2 3 −1 2
19  Czechoslovakia 4 3 0 2 1 2 4 −2 2
20  Peru 1 3 0 2 1 2 6 −4 2
21  Kuwait 4 3 0 1 2 2 6 −4 1
22  Chile 2 3 0 0 3 3 8 −5 0
23  New Zealand 6 3 0 0 3 2 12 −10 0
24  El Salvador 3 3 0 0 3 1 13 −12 0

The official mascot of this World Cup was Naranjito, an anthropomorphised orange, a typical fruit in Spain, wearing the kit of the host's national team. Its name comes from naranja, the Spanish word for orange, and the diminutive suffix "-ito".

The official poster was designed by Joan Miró.[26]

Football in Action (fútbol en acción) was the name of an educational animated series first aired in 1982 on public broadcaster RTVE. Chapters had a duration of 20 minutes and the main character was Naranjito. The series lasted for 26 episodes and the theme was football, adventures and World Cup of 82. Naranjito was accompanied by other characters, as his girlfriend Clementina, his friend Citronio and Imarchi the robot.

Match ball

The match ball for 1982 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas, was the Tango España.

  1. ^ a b c "1982 FIFA World Cup Spain - Awards". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  2. ^ Lewis, Tim (11 July 2014). "1982: Why Brazil V Italy Was One Of Football's Greatest Ever Matches". Esquire. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  3. ^ Ger, McCarthy (10 July 2011). "Memory Lane – West Germany v France at World Cup 82". Backpage Football. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "World Cup withdrawal considered amid Falklands War". BBC Sport. BBC. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  5. ^ "1982 FIFA World Cup Outline". Soccernostalgia. 31 May 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  6. ^ "Italy qualify with two goals in three games". Glasgow Herald (page 19). 24 June 1982. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  7. ^ Booth, Lawrence; Smyth, Rob (11 August 2004). "What's the dodgiest game in football history?". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  8. ^ "Ten-man Irish in fairytale victory". Glasgow Herald (page 19). 26 June 1982. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  9. ^ "1982: Why Brazil V Italy Was One Of Football's Greatest Ever Matches". Esquire.co.uk. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  10. ^ Foot, John (24 August 2007). Winning at All Costs: A Scandalous History of Italian Soccer. p. 470. ISBN 9781568586526. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  11. ^ "World's worst refereeing decisions", BBC, 5 January 2005 Archived 16 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Chris Bevan (20 May 2010). "The story of the 1982 World Cup". BBC. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  13. ^ "World Cup Hall of Fame: Dino Zoff". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 12 September 2005.
  14. ^ Stadium capacities, Panini official album to World Cup 1982.
  15. ^ Alsos, Jan. "Planet World Cup – 1982 – Match Schedule". www.planetworldcup.com.
  16. ^ a b "The FIFA World Cup Final Draw history" (PDF). FIFA. 2009.
  17. ^ "England world seeds – official". Glasgow Herald. 12 December 1981.
  18. ^ a b "1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain; Report of FIFA" (PDF). FIFA. 1982.
  19. ^ a b "World Cup: Confusion and chaos at the 1982 draw". BBC Sport. 15 July 2009.
  20. ^ "Stein gets down to business". Glasgow Herald. 18 January 1982.
  21. ^ a b c "Der Spielplan für die WM '82". Kicker – Sonderheft WM '82 (in German). May 1982. p. 3.
  22. ^ "82: The original and harshest Group of Death". www.fourfourtwo.com. 2 June 2014.
  23. ^ "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico – Awards". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  24. ^ "page 45" (PDF). Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  25. ^ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.
  26. ^ "Russia's 2018 World Cup poster is super retro". 30 November 2017.


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text:
Woodworking Ébéniste Fir
Cabinet; by Francesco Del Tuppo; circa 1606-1623; oak and poplar veneered with various exotic hardwoods, with ebony moldings and plaques of marble, and various other materials; 59.1 x 96.8 x 35.9 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

A cabinet is a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers for storing miscellaneous items. Some cabinets stand alone while others are built in to a wall or are attached to it like a medicine cabinet. Cabinets are typically made of wood (solid or with veneers or artificial surfaces), coated steel (common for medicine cabinets), or synthetic materials. Commercial grade cabinets, which differ in the materials used, are called casework, casegoods, or case furniture.

Cabinets usually have one or more doors on the front, which are mounted with door hardware, and occasionally a lock. Cabinets may have one or more doors, drawers, and/or shelves. Short cabinets often have a finished surface on top that can be used for display, or as a working surface, such as the countertops found in kitchens.

A cabinet intended to be used in a bedroom and with several drawers typically placed one above another in one or more columns intended for clothing and small articles is called a chest of drawers. A small bedside cabinet is more frequently called a nightstand or night table. A tall cabinet intended for clothing storage including hanging of clothes is called a wardrobe or an armoire, or (in some countries) a closet if built-in.

Before the advent of industrial design, cabinet makers were responsible for the conception and the production of any piece of furniture. In the last half of the 18th century, cabinet makers, such as Thomas Sheraton, Thomas Chippendale, Shaver and Wormley Bros. Cabinet Constructors, and George Hepplewhite, also published books of furniture forms. These books were compendiums of their designs and those of other cabinet makers. The most famous cabinetmaker before the advent of industrial design is probably André-Charles Boulle (11 November 1642 – 29 February 1732) and his legacy is known as "Boulle Work" and the École Boulle, a college of fine arts and crafts and applied arts in Paris, today bears testimony to his Art.[1]

Tortoise-shell cabinet of Polish king John III Sobieski, looted by the Germans from the Wilanów Palace during World War II[2]

With the industrial revolution and the application of steam power to cabinet making tools, mass production techniques were gradually applied to nearly all aspects of cabinet making, and the traditional cabinet shop ceased to be the main source of furniture, domestic or commercial. In parallel to this evolution there came a growing demand by the rising middle class in most industrialised countries for finely made furniture. This eventually resulted in a growth in the total number of traditional cabinet makers.

Before 1650, fine furniture was a rarity in Western Europe and North America. Generally, people did not need it and for the most part could not afford it. They made do with simple but serviceable pieces.

The arts and craft movement which started in the United Kingdom in the middle of the 19th century spurred a market for traditional cabinet making, and other craft goods. It rapidly spread to the United States and to all the countries in the British Empire. This movement exemplified the reaction to the eclectic historicism of the Victorian era and to the 'soulless' machine-made production which was starting to become widespread. During this time, cabinetry was said to be one of the most noble and admirable skills by nearly one fourth of the population of the United Kingdom, and 31% of those who believed this strived for their children to learn the art of cabinetry.

After World War II woodworking became a popular hobby among the middle classes. The more serious and skilled amateurs in this field now turn out pieces of furniture which rival the work of professional cabinet makers. Together, their work now represents but a small percentage of furniture production in any industrial country, but their numbers are vastly greater than those of their counterparts in the 18th century and before.

Schools of design

Crafted by Hughes Sambin (1570-1600), double cabinet features the combination of architectural elements and relief carving that is characteristic of French furniture of the period.

This style of design is typified by clean horizontal and vertical lines. Compared to other designs there is a distinct absence of ornamentation. While Scandinavian design is easy to identify, it is much more about the materials than the design.

French Provincial

This style of design is very ornate. French Provincial objects are often stained or painted, leaving the wood concealed. Corners and bevels are often decorated with gold leaf or given some other kind of gilding. Flat surfaces often have artwork such as landscapes painted directly on them. The wood used in French provincial varied, but was often originally beech.[3]

Early American Colonial

This design emphasises both form and materials. Early American chairs and tables are often constructed with turned spindles and chair backs often constructed using steaming to bend the wood. Wood choices tend to be deciduous hardwoods with a particular emphasis on the wood of edible or fruit-bearing trees such as cherry or walnut.[4]

The rustic style of design sometimes called "log furniture" or "log cabin" is the least finished. Design is very utilitarian yet seeks to feature not only the materials used but in, as much as possible, how they existed in their natural state. For example, a table top may have what is considered a "live edge" that allows you to see the original contours of the tree that it came from. It also often uses whole logs or branches including the bark of the tree. Rustic furniture is often made from pine, cedar, fir and spruce. Also see Adirondack Architecture.

Mission Style

Mission Design is characterized by straight, thick horizontal and vertical lines and flat panels. The most common material used in Mission furniture is oak. For early mission cabinetmakers, the material of choice was white oak, which they often darkened through a process known as "fuming".[5] Hardware is often visible on the outside of the pieces and made of black iron. It is a style that became popular in the early 20th century; popularized by designers in the Arts and Crafts and Art Nouveaux movements.

Also known as Asian Design, this style of furniture is characterized by its use of materials such as bamboo and rattan. Red is a frequent color choice along with landscape art and Chinese or other Asian language characters on the pieces.

Shaker furniture design is focused on function and symmetry. Because it is so influenced by an egalitarian religious community and tradition it is rooted in the needs of the community versus the creative expression of the designer. Like Early American and Colonial design, Shaker craftsmen often chose fruit woods for their designs. Pieces reflect a very efficient use of materials.

Types of cabinetry

A frameless cabinet
A cabinet with a face frame

The fundamental focus of the cabinet maker is the production of cabinetry. Although the cabinet maker may also be required to produce items that would not be recognized as cabinets, the same skills and techniques apply.

A cabinet may be built-in or free-standing. A built-in cabinet is usually custom made for a particular situation and it is fixed into position, on a floor, against a wall, or framed in an opening. For example, modern kitchens are examples of built-in cabinetry. Free-standing cabinets are more commonly available as off-the-shelf items and can be moved from place to place if required. Cabinets may be wall hung or suspended from the ceiling. Cabinet doors may be hinged or sliding and may have mirrors on the inner or outer surface.

Cabinets may have a face frame or may be of frameless construction (also known as European or euro-style). Face frame cabinets have a supporting frame attached to the front of the cabinet box. This face frame is usually 1 12 inches (4 cm) in width. Mounted on the cabinet frame is the cabinet door. In contrast, frameless cabinet have no such supporting front face frame, the cabinet doors attach directly to the sides of the cabinet box. The box's side, bottom and top panels are usually 58 to 34 inch (15 to 20 mm) thick, with the door overlaying all but 116 inch (2 mm) of the box edge.[6] Modern cabinetry is often frameless and is typically constructed from man-made sheet materials, such as plywood, chipboard or medium-density fibreboard (MDF). The visible surfaces of these materials are usually clad in a timber veneer, plastic laminate, or other material. They may also be painted.

Cabinet components

Enclosed cabinet base with a kick space
Scrolled base
Bracket feet

Cabinets which rest on the floor are supported by some base. This base could be a fully enclosed base (i.e. a plinth), a scrolled based, bracket feet or it could be a set of legs.

Adjustable feet

A type of adjustable leg has been adopted from the European cabinet system which offers several advantages. First off, in making base cabinets for kitchens, the cabinet sides would be cut to 34½ inches, yielding four cabinet side blanks per 4 foot by 8 foot sheet. Using the adjustable feet, the side blanks are cut to 30 inches, thus yielding six cabinet side per sheet.

These feet can be secured to the bottom of the cabinet by having the leg base screwed onto the cabinet bottom. They can also be attached by means of a hole drilled through the cabinet bottom at specific locations. The legs are then attached to the cabinet bottom by a slotted, hollow machine screw. The height of the cabinet can be adjusted from inside the cabinet, simply by inserting a screwdriver into the slot and turning to raise or lower the cabinet. The holes in the cabinet are capped by plastic inserts, making the appearance more acceptable for residential cabinets. Using these feet, the cabinets need not be shimmed or scribed to the floor for leveling. The toe kick board is attached to the cabinet by means of a clip, which is either screwed onto the back side of the kick board, or a barbed plastic clip is inserted into a saw kerf, also made on the back side of the kick board. This toe kick board can be made to fit each base cabinet, or made to fit a run of cabinets.[7]

Kitchen cabinets, or any cabinet generally at which a person may stand, usually have a fully enclosed base in which the front edge has been set back 75 mm or so to provide room for toes, known as the kick space. A scrolled base is similar to the fully enclosed base but it has areas of the base material removed, often with a decorative pattern, leaving feet on which the cabinet stands. Bracket feet are separate feet, usually attached in each corner and occasionally for larger pieces in the middle of the cabinet.

A cabinet usually has at least one compartment. Compartments may be open, as in open shelving; they may be enclosed by one or more doors; or they may contain one or more drawers. Some cabinets contain secret compartments, access to which is generally not obvious.

Modern cabinets employ many more complicated means (relative to a simple shelf) of making browsing lower cabinets more efficient and comfortable. One example is the lazy susan, a shelf which rotates around a central axis, allowing items stored at the back of the cabinet to be brought to the front by rotating the shelf. These are usually used in corner cabinets, which are larger and deeper and have a greater "dead space" at the back than other cabinets.

Cabinet insert hardware

An alternative to the lazy susan, particularly in base cabinets, is the blind corner cabinet pull out unit. These pull out and turn, making the attached shelving unit slide into the open area of the cabinet door, thus making the shelves accessible to the user. These units make usable what was once dead space.

Other insert hardware includes such items as mixer shelves that pull out of a base cabinet and spring into a locked position at counter height. This hardware aids in lifting these somewhat heavy mixers and assists with positioning the unit for use. More and more components are being designed to enable specialized hardware to be used in standard cabinet carcasses.

Most cabinets incorporate a top of some sort. In many cases, the top is merely to enclose the compartments within and serves no other purpose—as in a wall hung cupboard for example. In other cabinets, the top also serves as a work surface—a kitchen countertop for example.

See also

Specific citations
  1. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainPenderel-Brodhurst, James (1911). "Boulle, André Charles". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 321–323.
  2. ^ Monika Kuhnke (2000). "Cenny dar dla zwycięzcy spod Wiednia". (in Polish). valuable, priceless, lost. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  3. ^ French Furniture - Andre Saglio. Google Books. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  4. ^ "Early American furniture - Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  5. ^ The Stickley Brothers: The Quest for an American Voice - Michael E. Clark, Jill Thomas-Clark. Google Books. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  6. ^ "Refinishing and Upgrading Kitchen Cabinets". 2010. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  7. ^ "Base Cabinet Construction Sketch". Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2014-03-19.

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text:
Samora Machel Statue

Mansudae Overseas Projects Maputo Mozambique
Samora Machel Statue
A Estátua de Samora Machel
Samora Machel Statue is located in Mozambique
Samora Machel Statue
Samora Machel Statue
ArtistMansudae Overseas Projects
Year19 October 2011 (2011-10-19)
Dimensions9.5 m (31 ft)
Coordinates25°58′09″S 32°34′24″E / 25.9691°S 32.5732°E / -25.9691; 32.5732

The Samora Machel Statue (Portuguese: A Estátua de Samora Machel) is a bronze sculpture located in the center of Praça da Independência in Maputo, Mozambique. The statue depicts Samora Machel (1933-1986), military, revolutionary, and the first President of Mozambique.[1][2]

The statue was designed and constructed in Pyongyang, North Korea by the Mansudae Overseas Projects, an arm of the Mansudae Art Studio.[3] It stands 9 metres (30 ft) and weighs 4.8 tons. The statue sits on a marble slab 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) high at the head of Samora Machel Avenue, and is illuminated at night. The statue has been criticized for bearing little resemblance to Samora.[4] The Samora Machel Statue sits in front of Maputo City Hall on the spot formerly occupied by a statue of Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Governor-General of Portuguese Mozambique from 1896 to 1897.

Samora Machel Statue.jpg

The statue was inaugurated on October 19, 2011, the 25th anniversary of Machel's death in an aircraft crash on the convergence of the borders of Mozambique, Swaziland and South Africa. Armando Guebuza, the President of Mozambique, led the construction of the statue and its inauguration ceremony, which was attended by numerous foreign dignitaries.

A smaller statue of Samora Machel sits at the entrance of the Tunduru Gardens.

  1. ^ "All Official Portraiture of North Korea's Reigning Kim Family Is Made by Mansudae Art Studio". Catena di Villorba (TV), Italy: COLORS Magazine. 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  2. ^ ""O povo nunca se despede da sua história"". Maputo, Mozambique: S-Imprensa. 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  3. ^ "Inaugurada estátua de Machel, uma das maiores da África Austral". Maputo, Mozambique: SAPO. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  4. ^ "MIRADOURO - Estátua ou busto de Samora Machel?". Maputo, Mozambique: Notícias Online. 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2016.


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text:
West Africa facing worst food insecurity in decades: Experts
Twenty-four million people face the worst hunger in decades in West Africa, gripped by "paroxysmal" jihadist attacks and insurgency, the Sahel and West Africa Club warned Thursday.

Quote:The Paris-based independent body, which seeks to promote regional policies to improve economic and social well-being, said West Africa was "experiencing a food and nutrition crisis without precedent".

"Nearly 17 million people are in need of immediate assistance," said the body, which holds bi-annual meetings with government representatives from the 15 nations in the region as well as major international donors including the World Bank and UN organisations.

It quoted experts as saying that nearly 24 million people could face hunger in West Africa between June and August next year if there was no immediate humanitarian aid.

A virtual meeting of regional and Western experts said jihadist attacks had multiplied, especially in northwestern Nigeria -- the birthplace of the Boko Haram Islamist group.

With vast stretches of inhospitable desert, the central Sahel is notoriously difficult to control and has become a hunting ground for armed groups, rebels and jihadists roaming freely between countries.

Jihadist violence erupted after a rebellion in northern Mali in 2012. The conflict has since spread to the center of the country, as well as to neighboring Burkina Faso and Niger, claiming thousands of lives and displacing more than 3.5 million people.

Quote:"Jihadism has displaced four million people and the numbers are rising as well as the areas where armed attacks take place," said Sy Martial Traore, in charge of food security at the Permanent Inter-State Committee to Fight Drought in the Sahel (CILLS).

Experts say nearly 13 million people could face hunger in Nigeria next year, against 9.2 million at present, and 2.7 million in Burkina Faso from two million currently.

Quote:Other factors such as global warming and the coronavirus pandemic have " disrupted agriculture and the supply chain to markets and led to wide job losses," said Sekou Sangare, agriculture commissioner at the Economic Community of West African States regional bloc.

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text:
Dan Smyers is a Wexford native and graduate of Carnegie Mellon University.

PITTSBURGH (KDKA/AP) — There’s more good news for Wexford native Dan Smyers, of country music duo Dan + Shay.

The pair is nominated for a GRAMMY Award for “Best Country Duo/Group Performance” for their collaboration with Justin Bieber on the song “10,000 Hours.”

READ MORE: Street Closures Coming To Downtown Pittsburgh On Tuesday And Wednesday For Filming Of Movie

Just this past weekend, the hit song won the award for “Favorite Country Song” at the American Music Awards.

The pair have racked up a list of other awards in recent weeks.

Earlier this month at the Country Music Association (CMA) Awards, the pair was named Vocal Duo Of The Year.

READ MORE: Lou Barletta Signs Anti-Tax Pledge In GOP Campaign For Governor Of Pennsylvania

Last month, they won the same award at the CMTs.

And, back in September, they won a third “Duo of the Year” award at the ACMs, or Academy of Country Music Awards.

Smyers is a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University.

Beyoncé leads this year’s GRAMMY Award nominations with nine. Taylor Swift, Dua Lipa and Roddy Ricch each earned six nominations and are the second-most nominated acts.

MORE NEWS: Lawrenceville Church Vandalized With Graffiti

(© Copyright 2020 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


text:
Tag: nokia

Extract Nokia DCT3 Fonts

There’s no complete font available online with all the different font sizes and characters from Nokia cellphones from the late 90s and early 2000s, so I set out to find a way to make my own. There’s a handful of programs out there that can open and edit different parts of early Nokia firmwares, but the vast majority depend on Windows, and have become increasingly hard to find over the past 20 years. I wanted a method of extracting the bitmap for each character from a DCT3 Nokia phone without the help of any external program, under Linux.

Continue reading


text:
Creating comprehensible input with commercials

Commercials are a really great way to infuse your language classes with a short burst of authentic language, but they are also really valuable as a vehicle for storytelling and discussion. Commercials are designed to be compelling and to elicit emotions. Paired with activities designed to make them comprehensible, commercials are wonderful for cultivating an environment of acquisition.

“Natural Approach teachers help make input  comprehensible by providing extra-linguistic knowledge in the form of pictures and realia, and by modifying their speech.”
“All that is required (for acquisition to occur)  is that the activity be interesting and comprehensible.”
─Fundamentals of Language Education,
Dr. Stephen D. Krashen 1992

If there are several unfamiliar structures, you should plan to pre-teach those structures before introducing the commercial. TPR, personalized questions and answers, and storytelling are great pre-teaching techniques.

If the commercial tells a story, it is great for movie talk. Simply play the video, pausing frequently to talk about what is happening. Ask questions, using circling questions if new vocabulary/structures are being presented. Be sure to write new words on the board as well to maximize comprehension.

After pre-teaching, you might show the video itself or you might begin with still shots from the video.

A good next step after movie talk is to do a reading. Some options are to type up a description of the story in the commercial or to transcribe the commercial itself and use as a reading. During or after reading, be sure to ask questions. Ask comprehension questions, opinion questions, linking prior knowledge questions. If discussion takes over, allow it to happen.

slide4 slide2

Want to assess the activity? Some ideas…

  • Take those still screen shots, make statements and have students decide which image you are describing.
  • Provide students with a list of events in the target language and have them put them in order.
  • Have students match written statements with images.
  • Have students with more proficiency do a “retell.” Have them describe the still images from the commercial.

Handout from my ACTFL 2016 presentation

Want to give it a try? FREE “La abuela” Verizon Commercial activity

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Plain Truth: A Holy-Spirited Podcast

Apr 19, 2021

In this episode we're joined by Dr. Jeff Greenway, Pastor of Reynoldsburg UMC and current Vice-Chair of the Wesleyan Covenant Association. We talk about where we've been, where we are now, and our hopes for the Global Methodist Church.


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As kids go back to school, these are the education story lines experts are watching

As kids across America head again to high school, compelling tale strains within the schooling coverage international are gambling out with large implications for college kids, educators, and parents. From college safety to the midterm elections in November to the possibility of extra teacher strikes, there can be many essential traits to reveal over the approaching months. To type thru all of it, Brown Center students every highlighted—in their very own words—what they’ll be looking for in U.S. Training at some point of the 2018-19 instructional yr.

Elizabeth Mann Levesque:

I’ll be paying close attention to the midterm elections for 2 reasons. First, if schooling performs a bigger role than normal in midterm campaigns given competition to Education Secretary Betsy DeVos, Democratic and Republican candidates alike can also grow to be announcing extra than ordinary approximately wherein they stand on diverse education troubles. These campaign commitments should have consequences for what citizens count on of individuals who win workplace and, in flip, for the troubles that become on the schooling timetable.

Image result for As kids go back to school, these are the education story lines experts are watching

Second, I’ll be fascinated to see how DeVos’s agenda progresses in the wake of the 2018 midterm elections. If Democrats win the general public inside the House or Senate, it seems likely that they might scrutinize DeVos’s proposed changes to Obama-generation rules related to the for-earnings university industry. High-profile hearings on those troubles should complicate the department’s efforts to roll returned these guidelines. If Republicans hold to manipulate both chambers of Congress, DeVos possibly has much less to worry approximately in phrases of public hearings on debatable issues. Democratic manipulate of either chamber may also mean that DeVos is known to testify on different problems stated by my colleagues, which include faculty area and school safety.

Jon Valant:

Here in Washington, I’ll be looking at gun violence and student subject troubles and trying to see if they collide. Betsy DeVos is chairing the Federal Commission on School Safety, working alongside Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen, and Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar. The commission is tasked with issuing recommendations this year to improve student safety amid a wave of faculty shootings. It has, absurdly, suggested clean of the topic of gun manipulate, focusing rather on a slew of subjects that includes school resource officers, lively shooter training, and the layout of faculty buildings. DeVos may want to use the commission to cope with every other object on her to-do listing: identifying what to do with Obama-technology guidance for colleges to deal with racial subject disparities. That issue has touched nerves throughout u . S. Some Republicans have sought to connect school shootings to the steering (and much less punitive styles of scholar discipline), raising the opportunity that DeVos might include rescinding the steerage many of the commission’s pointers.

Mike Hansen:

As school begins up once more, I’ll be carefully watching for any new tendencies inside the teacher strikes and protests that started last spring. This tale commenced with a 9-day strike in West Virginia this February and subsequently boiled over last spring to strikes and protests over pay, pensions, and training to spend throughout many states, including Arizona, Colorado, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Oklahoma. Though summer destroys lowered the warmth for states and districts, agitations are selecting up another time now that college is returned in session across us of a. Interestingly, lots of these reviews are coming from states that did now not see principal movements in advance this year, consisting of district-stage moves in Washington nation, California, and a teacher-led starvation strike in Georgia. Public opinion appears to be favoring instructors currently, although the Supreme Court’s Janus decision this summer should have some consequences that make organizing a project for teachers transferring forward.

Stephanie Cellini:Image result for As kids go back to school, these are the education story lines experts are watching

In the approaching months, I will be listening to the Trump management’s efforts to decontrol higher schooling. I actually have particular worries about the proposed removal of the Gainful Employment law that might eliminate the danger of federal scholar aid loss for poorly appearing applications in for-earnings colleges. I can also follow the management’s moves towards loosening requirements for accrediting companies and converting guidelines regarding country authorization, credit hours, and online schooling. These changes may want to have dramatic influences in the marketplace for better schooling, probably ensuing in many more students attending high-cost, low-satisfactory applications in for-profit colleges.

Sunny Ladd:

Let’s desire that is the yr that schooling policymakers finally well known that there’s more to schooling than student success as measured by using pupil test ratings. We look to colleges to teach some distance extra than the cognitive competencies that standardized exams purport to measure. As a tool for speaking approximately a broader set of valued effects, my co-authors and I actually have delivered the time period “academic goods,” which we outline as the information, abilities, attitudes, and inclinations to permit people to flourish as adults and additionally to make contributions to the flourishing of others.

Students take their exam in south China’s Guangdong province
What worldwide check rating screen about American education
Students get their lunch from a salad bar at the faculty cafeteria as several more than eight,000lbs of domestically grown broccoli from a partnership between Farm to School and Healthy School Meals is served at Marston Middle School in San Diego
How does the high-quality of school lunches impact college students’ educational performance
A woman writes a be aware on a banner placed on the fence of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School to commemorate the victims of the mass shooting in Parkland, Florida, U.S., February 21, 2018. REUTERS/Carlos Garcia Rawlins – RC19240F3100

There are approaches to make colleges more secure and instructors stronger—but they don’t involve guns
To flourish, adults need the capacities to feature in the exertions market, participate successfully within the democratic process, make autonomous selections, search for private fulfillment, increase wholesome interpersonal relationships, and treat others with admiring and admiring dignity. If this new idea of tutorial items replaces the modern-day slim recognition on scholar fulfillment, academic decisionmakers at all tiers–kingdom and federal officers, district or school leaders, or teachers in-person lecture rooms–will have the language to make considerate trade-offs a few of the wide set of valued consequences that we are trying to find and deserve from the instructional method.


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PlantEd – COST Action CA18111 – Genome editing in plants

PlantEd videos on plant genome editing

The videos that were recorded with interviews with participants at the 1st PlantEd conference, in Novi Sad, Serbia, on 5-7 Nov 2019, are now published. You can read about them here, and follow links to the PlantEd YouTube channel.

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It’s not a choice of Smooth or Chunky

Liposuction smooth results

Liposuction, done properly leaves the skin with a smooth finish, unlike crunchy peanut butter.

Unlike Peanut Butter – there is no choice of smooth or chunky when it comes to Liposuction.  A Smooth finish to the skin surface is always the goal.  How do you ensure that your Liposuction Surgery has optimal results?

Start with a questions and answers session with your Board Certified Plastic Surgeon prior to your liposuction or fat transfer surgery.   Discuss how he does the procedure.  The instrument that a Plastic Surgeon uses to remove the fat from your body during a Liposuction procedure is called a cannula.  All Liposuction cannulas have holes at the tip (like a straw), where the fat enters the cannula tube and gets sucked out of the body. A thin,  3 millimeter diameter cannula with small 1mm diameter holes at the cannula tip ensures that you don’t leave defects in the fatty tissue where fluids or blood can accumulate.  The results is a smooth skin surface.   Larger liposuction cannulas do the job quicker, but allow fluids to accumulate and have a higher likelihood of uneven surgery results…and scaring. It is the uneven scarring that causes skin contour irregularities.

Sculptures Liposuction Foam

Sculptures Liposuction Foam is medical grade polyurethane foam designed to provide even, smooth padding and compression for added comfort and contouring

Another key component in maximizing even healing is the use of a well fitting Liposuction Garment and Liposuction Foam.  Immediately following surgery, Liposuction Foam padding is placed inside your compression garment. Sculptures Liposuction Foam can be cut to the desired shape and size, and then easily inserted between sterile dressing and compression garment.  The foam ensures even compression and the compression will hold the surgical area firmly in place, aiding in proper retraction and intended body contouring.   With the help of the foam, you will see less waviness in the skin surface – Free fat cells are thought to be redistributed evenly by the pressure of the foam plus the pressure garment. The result is a smoother skin surface.

As for your peanut butter – Crunchy wins!  Crunchy Peanut Butter has considerably less Saturated Fat and  gives you 2% more Fiber than Smooth and Creamy.  But then again Smooth and Creamy has more Vitamin E.  Either way Peanut Butter is a great source of Protein and B Vitamins.*

*National Nutrient Database for a Standard Reference from the USDA.

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Our Creative Cooking Crew’s challenge for February: “Let’s get creative with  “Not Your Mickey D Burger”.

This is probably my shortest post ever as I have been quite crazy lately.

Now, to this post.  I decided to call it  a puequito (little pork in Spanish) burger because I took about 4 boneless pork chops using Cuisine Art’s grinding meat post.  Adding to it  cooked and crumbled Spanish chorizo, one chopped onion caramelized in the chorizo rendered fat and crumbled green plantain chips seasoned with garlic to bind.  Grilled it, added shredded Manchego cheese, sweet plantain and mango salsa, extra layers of arugula, grape tomatoes, avocado and the pesto to spread on bun.

You are probably thinking that it is a crazy combination, but it worked for me and we  enjoyed it thoroughly.

This entry was posted in Chrorizo, Hamburger, Plantains, Pork. Bookmark the permalink.

  1. Norma O. Riess says:

    Where is the recipe?

  2. Aida says:

    Another great looking dish and I’m very intrigued enough to try it out! However, 1) I’m up north and we have been having at least 8-12 inches of snow every weekend! 2) I’m not understanding how you put the burgers together. Would it work if the ingredients were raw ie: ground pork and de-skinned minced chorizos mixed together? Is the onion a garnish once caramlized or does the cooked onion go in the patty? What type of pesto, basil or a cilantro mayonnaise? Gosh my mouth is watering!!!!!!! Maybe I’ll get the ‘George Forman’ out of the pantry instead of waiting for warmer BBQ weather!

    • Once you cook the chorizo you add to the raw ground pork and using the chorizo fat you cook the onions adding them to the meat before grinding. I know this post is a little crazy. Just as I have been lately. The pesto is made with manchego cheese, pumpkin seeds and cilantro plus olive oil

  3. Joan Nova says:

    That must have been bursting with flavor!! Love the idea of using crumbled plantain chips as a binder. And all those toppings! Muy bien hecho amiga!

  4. OMG, I want this now!!!

  5. The pictures are gorgeous

  6. Angie@Angie's Recipes says:

    This looks so bright, beautiful and appetizing!

  7. nilda cepero says:

    Delicioso! Gracias
    Thank you, my dear!

  8. Dina says:

    Beautiful, colourful and totally appetizing. I love plantains too and have a couple on my counter. May try the chips with them.

  9. Angela Roberts says:

    This sounds and looks (and I’ll bet tastes) like a ton of bright fun flavors and goodness.

  10. Victoria says:

    This is probably the most colorful burger I’ve ever seen! I love all the flavors in there. I’m sure it tasted great 🙂

  11. ladivacucina says:

    LOVE all the components and color of this burger. mmmmm…chorizo….kind of like a Cuban frita, si?

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Invest in Point Russell

Our economy

The economy benefits by the presence of:

  • organisations providing world class research, education, and training*
  • good transport access by road, rail, air, and high end broadband capacity available and outstanding strategically important employment sites and office locations
  • consistently lower rents and rates comparable to other areas
  • a loyal, flexible, and cost-effective workforce.

Evidence of success

Over the last decade Council has outperformed most locations across the country for job creation. It features in the top 2% for employment growth. Point Russell provides investors and businesses with the confidence of a strong local economy.The city's wider area includes much of the district council areas of bright, sunshine and springvale and has a population of over 155,000 people. 120,000 are of working age. The number in employment is 118,000 and well over half the workforce is well qualified, substantially above the national average. Our economy continues to attract investment, create new businesses, support and grow existing businesses and draw in high calibre employees.

Potential for growth

With significant planned economic and retail developments and increased availability of employment land, the Point Russell economy is in a strong market position to grow further. Council is in the top 10 local authority districts in the country for businesses that show high potential for growth. This is according to research that the IDC commissioned, and later published on 19 March 2012.


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The Google Play Store is the haven for millions of android apps. Not only apps but also for Games, Books, Music, Movies, Magazines, and more. Housing such a huge data, the app needs frequent updates to run smoothly without any glitches. Thus today, let us see how to update Google Play Store app to the latest version to keep it fresh and active.

Google Play Store is an app that updates automatically without your permission. You won’t even notice when the app is updated until you open the app and check it for yourself. An important point to highlight here is that you don’t need to, and also, you can’t update Google Play Store manually as you wish. As the makers have designed it in a way that the Play Store updates itself automatically in the background when there is an update. Also, you cannot find any Play Store app in Google Play.

How to Sign Out From Google Play Store On Android / PC / Mac

In spite of all this, we may have to update Play Store manually sometimes to your Android phone or tablet. So let us see a few simple ways to force update Google Play Store manually.

There are three ways by which you can update the Google Play Store.

  • Using the Play Store Settings
  • By Clearing Storage on Play Store App
  • Using third-party websites

1. Google Play Store Settings

This is a simple method that forces the Play Store app to check for updates, if any. To do this,

1. Open the Play Store app.

2. Tap the Menu button (three horizontal lines) on the top left.

3. Scroll down to the bottom for Settings. Tap to open.

4. Now scroll down and tap on the Play Store version.

Now you can get two results based on the Play Store version on the phone.

  • If the app is up to date, you get a message ‘Google Play Store is up to date.’
  • Else the app will start updating in the background.
Update Google Play Store

2. Clear Storage on Play Store App

This method is almost similar to the previous method. That is, also here we are going to make the Play Store app check for the update by itself. By clearing the app data on the phone, the app will check for updates. Follow the steps below.

1. Open the Settings app on your Android phone or tablet.

2. Go to the Installed Apps using Apps/Application Manager (vary with devices) under Apps & notifications.

3. Tap on the Google Play Store app.

4. On the App info page, tap on Storage / Storage & Cache.

Update Google Play Store

5. Now, you have two options Clear storage and Clear Cache.

6. Tap on Clear storage. Click OK on the pop-up message.

Restart your device, and the Play Store will update itself automatically.

Note: You can also try clearing cache and data on the Google Play Services app too.

3. Installing Google Play Store Apk [Latest Version] From Third-Party

Finally, let us use the traditional way of installing the latest version of the app instead of updating it. Even the above two methods may fail, but this method can definitely get you the latest version of the app on your Android device even it is still not yet released for your device.

As the Google updates are first received by high-end Android smartphones like Oneplus, Samsung, etc., you will have to wait until the updates reach your device. Or simply following this guide to install updates immediately as they are out.

Firstly download the Google Play Store app from a trusted third-party website like APKMirror. Refer to our detailed guide to download Google Play Store.

Now comes the mandatory step, which is enabling access to unknown apps. To do so, go to the settings app and find the Install Unknown Apps / Unknown Sources. Use the search option under settings to easily find this setting as it varies between devices and Android versions pre-Oreo and post-Oreo.

Enable the source from which you have downloaded the Play Store app.

Now go to the downloaded location and open the app to install it.

Thus you have successfully updated the Play Store app on your device. The same method works on all versions of Android and across all Android devices. Leave your thoughts in the comments below.


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Insert Media
Ecommerce-based insert programs continue to see high circulation and continue to run full, while further growth is coming from package insert programs of brick & mortar retailers (e.g., Kohl’s, Barnes & Noble, Bed, Bath & Beyond, Macy’s). Ecommerce Was By Far the Biggest Retail Trend of 2020 (Adweek) Advertisers have been quick to secure space in core programs in CY21. It is imperative to secure space now for ROY, especially in competitive categories such as New Mover and for overweight inserts.

Postal Rate Increases
The Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) has issued a final order in its Statutory Review of the System for Regulating Rates and Classes for Market Dominant Products – more commonly known as the ten-year review. The Order gives the Postal Service unprecedented authority to substantially increase rates over and above the CPI increase being implemented next week on First-Class Mail, Periodicals, and USPS Marketing Mail, among others. Mailers could see incremental increases of 3% to 7% by this summer. More info on the ruling can be found here:

The 3 Booming Technologies That Will Push Marketing Forward in 2021
1. Augmented Reality (AR) and 5G
2. Synthetic Media
3. Natural Language Processing
(Source: Adweek)

Performance Marketers Need to Watch These 5 Consumer Trends in 2021
1. Health is top of mind.
2. Consumers will always want to look and feel good.
3. Home is where the heart is.
4. Direct shipments and curbside pickup is here to stay.
5. Esports will continue to gain ground.
(Source: Adweek)

4 Keys to Effective Performance Marketing in 2021
1. Digital will continue to reign supreme; in 2020, digital channels comprised 80% of marketing budgets.
2. With consumers increasingly working and shopping from home, additional research will be required to track the new user journey across B2B and B2C landscapes.
3. Consumers will demand more from digital experiences and technologies, which could lead to increased costs for marketers.
4. Content marketing across multiple digital channels will be key for brands to create stronger connections with consumers.
(Source: Adweek)

How did QR codes go from DOA to killer app?
“Contactless payment, pulling up digital menus, self-serve ordering, touchless shopping and contact-free returns are but a few of the pandemic-era uses for QR codes. The technology has been leveraged by businesses of all sizes, too. Small companies have been using the technology with pop-ups to let customers arrange delivery or pickup for products not available on hand. Big chains like CVS have begun allowing the use of QR codes for payment. In addition to the pandemic placing a premium on fast, touch-free interactions, adoption has also been bolstered by native QR-code scanning capabilities in both Apple and Android phones, so consumers no longer need install a separate app to scan.”
(Source: RetailWire)

Low on Workers, Manufacturers Recruit Their Executives for the Factory Floor
Manufacturers and warehouses are struggling to keep up with the recent increase in demand, pent up from the earlier economic shut-down. Worker shortages due to a surge in new jobs tied to e-commerce and absences caused by Covid or family obligations have made it difficult to maintain a full workforce, causing companies to pull in executive staff, ask employees to forego vacation, create additional shifts to accommodate working parents and college students’ schedules, and increase wages to lure in workers. Companies such as Newell Brands, Generac, P&G, a Wisconsin cheese maker, and others share insights.
(Source: The Wall Street Journal)


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Frequently Asked Questions

Contact any of our EIAM Club officers and they will arrange a time for you to fly a trainer airplane at the EIAM Field with an instructor.  The RC hobby is much easier to become involved in than in decades past.  Affordable electric trainer aircraft with less of a learning curve are available.

The EIAM operates a flying field near the Pocatello Municipal airport Business Park.  The field has a 400’ x 40’ asphalt runway to accommodate RC flight. EIAM realizes we are operating in the National Airspace and the FAA has full authority in administrating RC flight.  A Letter of Agreement with the Federal Aviation Administration allows EIAM to operate in this area.  Per the LOA, RC Hobbyists are allowed to fly no higher than 400’ Above Ground Level during daylight hours.  This venue provides an excellent environment for both fledgling and experienced model flyers.

Contact one of the club officers and they will help you become a member.  This is done by paying a membership fee and submitting it by US Mail to the EIAM Secretary Treasure.  The Secretary Treasure will mail you an EIAM membership card and provide you the locked gate numerical code.

The annual fee is $75 and is good for the calendar year.  Membership dues expire December 31st

EIAM leases the field from the City of Pocatello.  Membership dues pay for the rent and fund the maintenance and upkeep of the runway, lawn upkeep, and weed control. During summer months, EIAM rents a porta-potti for the field. The field is watered by an automatic sprinkler system that needs to be maintained.  One of the goals of EIAM is to provide a pleasant environment to enjoy the hobby.  We do this by keeping our field maintained for our members.

The academy of Model Aeronautics is the national organization that sanctions the RC Hobby.  Per our lease with the City of Pocatello, members are required to join the AMA.  This AMA membership provides the required insurance necessary to fly in the NAS.

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I think a lover I may take.
No! Not a future husband make!
Alas the wedding cup, once filled
Was quickly drunk, or faster spilled.
A greater challenge lies ahead
For him that falls with me in bed.

The first heroic test’s complete
At laboured breath and tautened teat.
And then the second test, the kiss
Must needs induce a state of bliss.
That state of heavy melting hips,
Of swelling, tingling, pouting lips.

The third and final test will come
To many hopeful, fewer won.
Its bars are quickly memorized
And artful playing’s highly prized,
But only he will reign supreme
With variations on a theme.

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Watch the first episode of Pokémon Evolutions

The new animated web series Pokémon Evolutions was previously revealed, and today the first episode, “The Champion,” was released. It focuses on the Galarian League Champion Leon and the Legendary Pokémon Eternatus. Watch below!

Let us know what you thought of this first episode in the comments below (or on Discord) and what characters you’re excited to see based on the original series trailer!

Don’t forget to enter our spooky September giveaway!


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PokerKnave's Blog

The Daily Digest #52

Jack Reynard provides regret for being missing in action (he was setting up a new poker club) but is back with another totally uncalled for crossed eyed view of the UK. There is stuff on police brutality showing the beating that G20 protester got, then animal cruelty and final noise pollution with Take That. Although […]

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Polkemmet Childcare Fee Rate 0-5 Years

  • Full Time £200
  • Full Day £45
  • Morning session only (8am-12pm) £22.50
  • Afternoon session only (1pm-5pm) £22.50
Full time & full day price includes childcare between 7am and 6pm Monday – Friday, including meals and snacks.
Half day price includes snack.
We also cater for individual requirements.
Nutritious healthy meals are freshly prepared adhering to the documents ‘Setting the Table’ and ‘Food matters’.
A late collection fee of £10.00 per 15 minutes will be charged for persistent lateness.
Fees are payable by standing order on the 1st of the month in advance.
You can qualify for a discount if you have more than one child with us.
To avoid disappointment, completed registration forms and registration fee should be returned to us in advance of your required start date. Should the session you require be unavailable you will be put onto our waiting list.
Polkemmet Childcare will close for 10 days of the year, these dates are available from the office at the time of registration.
One months notice is required to cancel your place at Polkemmet Childcare, alternatively one months payment in lieu.
All absences should be notified as early as possible and fees remain payable.


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High quality dental products

On this website you will mainly find high-quality disposable and non-disposable dental products. All the products in our assortment can be found on this website. We are constantly working on extending the product range of our brands PoloDent and Yellow Point.

Sign up to our newsletter and stay informed about new products and developments!

Can we help you?

We gladly invite you to get acquainted with our range of products by means of this website and since we are receptive to improvements we always appreciate your suggestions and remarks concerning the products and/or range of products.

© Copyright 2021 PoloMB. All rights reserved.

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We're here to help!

Struggling with pool maintanance?  Reach out and let us help!

Quality Products

We stand behind the quality of all of our products!

One Stop Shop

We have all your pool supplies in one place!

Professional 2-n-1 C/EZ Klear 12×1 QT KIT

SKU: 2N1-QT 12x1 Category:

HidroKlear’s  2-n-1 C/EZ Klear product utilizes our biopolymer clarifier technology  with industrial grade enzymatic technologies to create a professional  strength formula, strong enough to clean up after the heaviest pool  parties or for regular maintenance at aquatic facilities with highly oil  and bather load.

Natural biopolymers and enzymatic blend
Ideal for clean up or routine maintenance at aquatic facilities with heavy oil load
Practically eliminates water line scum!
Enables longer filtration cycles.

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Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange: Scholar Grants 2020

29/09/2020 08:03

Grande área: Humanas / Sociais Aplicadas

Objetivo: Professors and postdoctoral fellows may apply for a CCK Scholar Grant ranging from $20,000 to $35,000 to help replace half of their salary while they’re on sabbatical, or for time off for research and writing. The Foundation’s grants provide support for research on Chinese Studies in the humanities and social sciences.

Inscrições: até 15 de outubro de 2020

Mais informações no site.

Tags: Apoio financeiroBolsaExterior


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Vintage Donut Wall Sign Hire

Vintage Donut Wall Sign Hire

Perfect for setting the scene at a donut themed party, and great for a 'make your own donut' table setting, place this vintage sign on the wall above the party table to draw guests to the tasty treats on offer.

Size: height 30cm  x width 20cm

When hiring this item please add a $20 'Hireage Bond' to the shopping cart. This will be refunded on return as per the agreed terms and conditions. A signed hireage agreement is also required before delivery of this item.

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Get Allia essential facts below. View Videos or join the Allia discussion. Add Allia to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Physical characteristics
 • coordinates
42°01?03?N 12°31?12?E / 42.01750°N 12.52000°E / 42.01750; 12.52000Coordinates: 42°01?03?N 12°31?12?E / 42.01750°N 12.52000°E / 42.01750; 12.52000
Basin features
ProgressionTiber-> Tyrrhenian Sea

Allia is a small river in Lazio, Italy. It is a left tributary of the Tiber with confluence about 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Rome. The Allia's source is located in the mountains near the location of Crustumerium and it flows near Monterotondo towards the Tiber.

The confluence of Allia and the Tiber is the site of the Battle of the Allia, where Romans were defeated by the Gallic tribe Senones under Brennus in 387 BC.[1]

See also

  1. ^ Herm, Gerhard, The Celts, St. Martin's Press, New York (1975), at 11-14.

  This article uses material from the Wikipedia page available here. It is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

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