text:
Dear Joe:

Our library finally got a copy of your book in [Transformed by Truth] so I started reading it the other day and surprisingly, I found it a pretty easy read and was able to finish it in one day. Although I am one of the “40,000 people” who “sit at home, confused, frustrated, and not knowing what to do or what to believe”, I do feel the need to comment on some of it, since you seemed to have left out some pretty important points.

I must say that I enjoyed the story about your first meeting with James Kennedy.1 It brought to mind flashbacks of Basil Wolverton’s drawings for the Bible Story Book Series2, where I could see this stern judge sitting at his desk with robe and gavel, and then in the next picture he is looking surprised, and then jumping out of his chair and hurdling over his desk because of his wild excitement that the 4 of you answered the questions he had asked correctly!!! Praise God and Hallelujah, you are no longer a cult!3 I felt the same thing about Lorri McGregor’s [MacGregor’s] list of about 30 questions and those she posed to you at lunch. It’s kind of like a game of Bingo. You sit there marking all the numbers and then finally the right one comes along and you scream BINGO! and she says “Call the NAE, Let’s get these people a membership!!!”4 It’s too bad that instead of listening to the 4 of you for a few hours that they couldn’t have come and spent some time in the individual congregations when this was all happening and listened to the various ministers and what was being said. Maybe they wouldn’t have been so eager to give such a clean bill of health.

Christmas Eve Sermon

I got a kick out of the title of Chapter 2–Christmas Eve Sermon, 1994. It kind of makes it sound like the church embraced Christmas, when, in fact, it couldn’t have been more against it, and just a couple months before, in a sermon, your dad had stated emphatically that the church would not celebrate it. I do have a problem with how you present that sermon, though. Yes, your dad was talking about grace, but this sermon, along with others we would get over the months, was so full of double talk5 that it was plain that your dad really didn’t get the picture, or if he did, he certainly didn’t know how to present it. He did tell us that we didn’t have to adhere to the law of tithing, BUT, if we loved God we would give MORE than 10%. He did say that if a man had to work on the Sabbath to support his family that he could do so UNTIL he found another job where he wouldn’t have to. He told the people in Big Sandy when he gave this sermon that it was OK to play golf on the Sabbath but later said it was not OK. He said that we didn’t have to keep the Holy Days because they didn’t mean what we taught they meant, but we would continue to do so and that we wouldn’t keep Christmas or Easter but we were not to condemn others outside the wcg [Worldwide Church of God] for doing so.6 Things like this continued on until people couldn’t take it any longer and this is where the real problem was. Either we could or we couldn’t but this back and forth dribble was driving people crazy.

Changes were happening, but they came with a price of guilt if we did them. And because of this, most people were NOT convinced that they were for real! Even when your dad mentioned that there were other Christians in the world, in his own words to me in one of several lengthy telephone conversations I had with him, he said that it was possible, but he certainly wasn’t endorsing any other churches and felt that those people would eventually be coming to the wcg. You paint a very wonderful picture with words like, “he (your dad) cleared away the fog that was clouding our view of Jesus Christ”, and “We continued coming out of a theological sleep into the refreshing light of a clear focus on the gospel of grace and our relationship with our Savior, Jesus Christ”, when, in fact, the fog was worse than ever. Ministers didn’t have a clue of grace, and certainly no idea of how to teach it. Maybe the focus was clear to you and your buddies, but to the whole church, it was very unclear.

Earl Williams Was the One Who Led the Church Into Grace

But besides all of the above, I truly wonder how you can present such an honest and sincere account of the churches [sic] changes without mentioning or giving credit to the one person who really brought this all out, Earl Williams. Your father wasn’t the one who led the church into grace. Earl did. I guess you forgot the chapter titled “The Feast of Tabernacles Sermon, 1994”, where Earl talked about grace and the law. It was from this incident that the avalanche started. Earl is the one who understood grace and was able to bring it out so clearly that hundreds, if not thousands, of people were able to understand and see what was happening. He didn’t need double talk and half truths or guilt to get the message out. It was Earl who put the truth of grace into a beginning by showing us what we believed, why it was wrong and what we needed to believe. He was our sanity in a time of confusion and turmoil.7

I talked with your dad many times about this and asked him why he just couldn’t come out and tell people the truth. He said they wouldn’t understand. I told him I understood and I was just a lowly member. He also said that if it weren’t for Earl bringing this out that it would have been maybe another 5 years before it came out. If things would have been done the way Earl handled it in his sermons that we listened to, I feel the transition would have been smooth and successful. Instead, we were forbidden to even listen to his tapes or to pass them to other members.

Earl Was Not Supported

The books that Earl recommended, like Classic Christianity flooded our minds with truth that we had never seen before. When I asked your dad if he had read it, he said it was on his desk but he didn’t need to read books because God would reveal what he needed him to know. Earl was used by the Holy Spirit to set hundreds free from the prison we had lived in for over 30 years, yet you and your father and others accused him of overstepping your dad’s authority. [See OIU#3, Pt. 2 and search for the words: “No wonder that my many protestations about radical change”] I ask you this: With all the excitement you seem to now have for the wonderful truth of grace and your eagerness to preach it, how could you possibly accuse Earl of doing something wrong when he, too, felt driven by the Holy Spirit to talk about it to those who had been imprisoned for so long in the clutches of the law??? Why are you so anxious to flood the offices of so-called Christian leaders, that you once denounced as pagan heathens, in search of their acceptance with your wonderful new beliefs and to be on radio programs to tell the world of your new direction when you wouldn’t support Earl in his enthusiasm to bring the real gospel to wcg members?

You take a chapter to ask how we could have believed what we did and you excitedly use Hank’s term “cognitive dissonance” – a term that shows how people can embrace two opposing ideas. You both think it’s a wonderful foundation for a new book. Yet, I could give you a simpler term for it where dozens of books now exist on the topic. It’s called “BRAINWASHING.” You briefly mentioned the STP project back in the 70’s but really didn’t tell that there were ministers who saw that the wcg was wrong and tried to bring grace to the picture but they were disfellowshipped and labeled as “in the bonds of Satan” and worse.

Members That Dared to Question

I truly feel that some people did see problems with the contradictory teachings, but to DARE question ANYTHING set you up for labeling as being in a bad attitude, having a lack of faith or even getting you disfellowshipped. We clearly saw the stupidity in the 2nd tithing rules imposed where Malachi said we could take and use this money for whatsoever our hearts desired, and yet followed the list of do’s and don’t that HQ told us we could do with that money, including sending in whatever we had left to them. We did this for years until we finally decided to do what we wanted to do with it. We questioned why we kept some of the OC laws but not all of them or where collections were taken up on the FIRST day of the week, which shows Christians were meeting on SUNDAY, but to question any of this was our eternal life– that’s why we didn’t do it!!! You certainly remember that Herbert told us over and over again, “Don’t believe ME and what I SAY, but GO and PROVE it for YOURSELF”, yet you better come up with his same conclusions or the conclusions of the ministers, or you were history.

God’s Purpose Was to Destroy the Empire Not Built It Back up

You mention in your book that many people thought the changes were part of a con game that you all were involved in. My opinion is that, as you say, God started answering all the prayers of people over the years who saw us for what we really were, and wanted to do something about it. But when He saw that it was going to take you around 5 or 10 years to complete the assignment, He chose to work with someone who would work with Him, and that’s when Earl stepped up. I believe that God’s purpose was to destroy the empire–not to save and build it back up.

In the first few paragraphs of your Introduction, you state, “Those who would not continue on the journey that God was taking us on have left.” It sounds like you still believe there is something great about the wcg. Because we were taught that we were a chosen, special group of people, better than everyone else, I feel it’s essential that the central focus–HQ/Leadership–be eliminated so that people have only Jesus to look to for their leader and that people realize that none of us are any greater or better or more special than another. To a group of people who lived and breathed by every word of Armstrong’s or Tkach’s or the minister’s command, it’s essential to take that position out of the equation. It’s Jesus plus no one, but as long as you or a successor continues in your position, along with the governmental line, it will never be that way.

Comparing Paul to the WCG

I still can’t get over how convenient it is to use scripture when trying to get a point across to make the bad wcg look good. How many times was it done in the Personnel columns or co-worker letters by saying “Sure wcg made mistakes, BUT so did the apostles”, or “so and so, etc.” In your chapter From Eternity to Here, you bring up Paul and how skeptical Christians were of him after his conversion and that it took years for him to be believed, and it may take years for you to be believed, also. However, the big difference that I see in this flawed example is that Paul wasn’t claiming to be a Christian while persecuting them, and that when God, who specifically called him, unlike Armstrong or your dad or you, decided to use Paul, it didn’t take YEARS or meetings behind closed doors for Paul to change. As you say, he started preaching that Jesus was the Son of God, immediately. I can totally see where Christians would be skeptical of Paul when this happened, but to compare this to the wcg is like comparing apples to oranges. It sounds good, but it’s not the same thing.

Instead of thinking that there’s some great plan that God has in mind for the wcg, why not just accept and give thanks that God has shown wonderful mercy in getting people out of a cult that He had nothing to do with getting us into, and since the leadership is still confused and has no real credentials from true seminary schools to preach the gospel, disband the wcg, liquidate the assets and give the money to really worthwhile organizations, get a real job, and if certain churches want to still remain together, let them support themselves?? Oh, but wait, you answered that in your book when you said you didn’t believe that He rescued you just to have you disband because you have things to learn as a group and may teach to others.

The Reality is Much  Greater

Unfortunately, I could go on and on, but I’ll just state that you painted a very wonderful picture of what has happened. Certainly you mentioned the negative things that transpired, such as the splinter groups, loss of friends and family, loss of income, hate letters that you have received, etc. But I think the reality is much greater than that. For the many thousands who are disillusioned by the lies they believed, resulting in family separations–some permanent because of the death of a loved one while they were estranged–or the money they squandered so that a few could live in splendor, or the years of abuse they endured at the hands of “God-inspired ministers”, or the families who were destroyed because of forced divorce by church leaders, or the thousands of kids whose lives were taken from them because they couldn’t have anything to do with the “world” or school friends, or those who committed suicide, even recently, because of what their lives had been like, or the hundreds who were shunned and disfellowshipped, or the ministers who tore apart the members and then each other, I feel they see it a little differently.

I truly wonder how excited to continue on your journey you would be if you found that journey taking you to the city slums to preach your message, living in a small apartment in the city like the ones most HQ personnel or members lived in, back to a low 5 figure income instead of the 6 figures you now enjoy, a house or apartment payment every month instead of your free home, a real job you had to go to daily with only 2 weeks vacation that you had to use for the Feast of Tabernacles, no savings in the bank because you were giving every extra dime to the church because of the constant ramblings of give, give, give, give, so you can “lay treasure up for yourself in heaven”, or no retirement fund because you don’t need it. etc. I can see why you want the church to continue. Not only is your standard of living the same, now you are getting radio and tv coverage, writing a book, and endorsements from other leaders. You and your friends are still enjoying the good life and travelling all over the country to share the “truth.” As you continue to tell the members to sacrifice and give, exactly where is your sacrificing and how much do you give financially?

I Applaud Those Who Were Able to Walk Away

In closing, I applaud every person who has been able to walk away from the wcg and either attend another Christian church or attend none at all. It shows that they have totally left a life of guilt, fear, and intimidation and replaced it with the freedom to live as they feel best. My hope is that God finishes the job He’s started with dismantling the wcg and all it symbolizes.

Sharon Griffith–A happy, healthy, sane and proud member of the 40,000+ club

Hard Copy: H. Hanegraaff

Note: This letter was sent to Joseph Tkach, Jr. in approximately 1997. No reply was ever received.

UPDATE: In April 2009 Worldwide Church of God changed their name in the United States to Grace Communion International. (Some local church areas and countries may still carry the former name or a different one.)

Related Articles/Letter:

How I Know Every Word in Open Letter to Joseph Tkach, Jr. is True (tells exactly what went on during the changes) (10-26-07)

What Really Occurred With Worldwide Church of God (GCI) (very important info; detailed)

Letter Exposing Outright Lies, Abuses and Sociopathic Behavior (reveals the truth about what was really going on at the time of the changes)

Footnotes by ESN:

1 On 4-30-96 and 5-1-96 Joseph Tkach, Jr. was interviewed on D. James Kennedy’s Christian radio program “Truths that Transform.” In that interview, Tkach, Jr. stated that Herbert W. Armstrong was a “very sincere Christian who was dedicated to Christ.” (Tapes with ESN) [Note: D. James Kennedy died 9-5-07 at the age of 76.] In The Worldwide News, March 7, 1995, p. 3, Joseph W. Tkach stated that they believe Herbert Armstrong “was a minister of Jesus Christ.” For more quotes see: Worldwide Church of God Whitewashes Herbert Armstrong After New Changes. Herbert W. Armstrong stated, “Christ is not the gospel. Believing on Christ is not believing the gospel.” (Voice clip of HWA giving a 1978 Bible Study and marking Buck Taylor; heard on pt. 2 of “My Story” by C. Wayne Cole, 5-19-78; CD/audio tape with ESN)

2 For more about Basil Wolverton, read this footnote on our site. Also read: Basil Wolverton and “The Bible Story” (2004 letter to ESN which tells much more about Basil Wolverton).

3 A destructive, mind-manipulating group.

4 The National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) accepted the Worldwide Church of God into full membership in 1997 and Joseph Tkach is listed on the NAE board of member list. Update: Tkach Jr. retired at the end of 2018 and Greg Williams replaced him a president of GCI and is listed on the NAE board member list. The NAE is under the umbrella/authority of the global World Evangelical Fellowship (WEF). The WEF was originally named the Evangelical Alliance and was founded at a global gathering of missionaries in 1846. Very significantly, this meeting was held at the United Grand Lodge in London England and “dedicated to the purposes of Freemasonry.” It was renamed the World Evangelical Fellowship in the U.S. in 1951; other nations, such as the UK, still retain the name Evangelical Alliance. They are involved in ecumenical compromise. For more info, read: The Evangelical Alliance/World Evangelical Fellowship [1846]. Also read: Letter to NAE and other concerned Christians.

5 Video Sermon by Joseph W. Tkach to Worldwide Church of God Members, January 1995 (Transcript shows the manner in which the new changes were first delivered to the members: with confusion, double messages, shouting and blaming. Also known as “The Christmas Eve Sermon.”)

6 These double messages have been covered in many places on the ESN site.

7 Read: The Earl Williams Factor for more details.

Back to Worldwide Church of God Expose` (GCI)


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Iodine Allergy: The Truth Behind Your Allergic Reaction

Written by Dr. Edward Group Founder
A bowl of salt. Iodine is not the cause of allergic reactions in iodine-rich foods.

Iodine is an essential trace mineral that supports the body’s production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism — the chemical reactions that occur in every cell in the body and provide energy for life.

So how could someone be allergic to a vital nutrient? Well, because iodine is not the actual cause of allergic reactions. Research has shown that the adverse reactions occurring in association with iodine-rich foods like seafood or shellfish, iodine antiseptics, and radiocontrast dyes are the body’s response to other chemicals or allergens found with iodine but not to iodine itself. The revelation that iodine is, in fact, not an allergen is good news for anyone who believes they have an iodine allergy yet wants to take an iodine supplement.[1]

Iodine is not the cause of allergic reactions from iodine-rich foods. These adverse responses are associated with other chemicals found in foods or products like seafood, shellfish, iodine antiseptics, and radiocontrast dyes.

What Does Iodine Do in the Body?

Iodine is an essential nutrient that regulates metabolism, sustains energy levels, and supports hormone synthesis.[2] This mineral is particularly important in the thyroid, a bow tie-shaped gland just above the larynx or Adam’s apple, where it supports the creation of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4). These thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and influence the body’s sensitivity to adrenaline, norepinephrine, and other hormones. Some research even suggests that iodine supports brain health and IQ levels.[2, 3] Although iodine is a vital nutrient, it’s even more critical for women who are pregnant or lactating as it supports bone and nervous system development in children.

How Much Iodine Is Necessary?

The National Institutes of Health recommends adults get 150 mcg (micrograms) per day, while pregnant women should get 220 mcg per day and lactating women 290 mcg per day.[4] The NIH also recommends an upper limit on iodine of 1,110 mcg while some practitioners recommend mega-servings. Many experts believe that the recommended daily allowance of 150 mcg is too low. Larger servings of iodine can increase the amount of toxic metals the body excretes, and Japanese citizens, who have the world’s highest iodine intake, have better breast and prostate health.[4]

What Happens if I Don’t Get Enough Iodine?

On a global scale, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates one-third of the world’s population is at risk for iodine deficiency.

Many people struggle to get enough iodine in their diet. The "standard American diet" (SAD), which generally contains a lot of processed foods and vegetables grown in nutrient-depleted soils, doesn’t always provide a full spectrum of nutrients. On a global scale, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, as of 2004, two billion people are at risk for iodine deficiency.[5]

The consequences of iodine deficiency range from mild to severe. On one end of the spectrum, too little iodine leads to brain fog, memory loss, and low energy levels. Serious deficiencies can lead to conditions like hypothyroidism or goiter.[6]

What Causes an Allergic Reaction?

An allergy occurs when your body responds to some external allergen that causes an immune response. An encounter with an element like dust, pollen, or shellfish sets off a reaction, and the immune system produces antibodies to attack the allergen (which is an antigen). This tells the body to produce histamines that make blood vessels expand and cause other common allergy symptoms.

YouTube Video

Allergic to Iodine?

Length: 2 minutes

Why Do People Associate Iodine with Allergies?

If iodine is an important nutrient, how can someone be allergic to it? The short answer is that they can’t. While there’s no question that some people have an adverse reaction to shellfish, radiocontrast dyes, and topical antiseptics that contain iodine, there is a question as to what prompts that reaction.

It turns out that the iodine molecule is too small and simple to cause an antibody response, which is why scientists ruled it out as an allergen. However, iodine could theoretically act as a hapten — a molecule that's too small to cause issues by itself but can combine with another substance to stimulate an antigen-antibody response.[7, 8, 9, 10]

Iodine & Shellfish Allergies

The high iodine content of seafood and shellfish, such as lobster and shrimp, led some people to believe that this nutrient causes allergic reactions when certain people consume it. The symptoms of shellfish allergy can range from mild to severe, with some severe allergic responses causing anaphylactic shock, a potentially fatal condition.[7]

The truth is that shellfish allergies are caused by four proteins found in the food and not the iodine.

This myth that iodine is to blame persists, despite evidence to the contrary. One 2005 study of 60 patients with a confirmed shellfish allergy found that 92 percent believed iodine was responsible for their allergic reaction rather than something else in the shellfish. Most of those respondents received their information on the internet or in a magazine.[9]

The truth is that scientists have ruled out iodine as the cause of these allergic reactions after identifying four proteins from shellfish that cause an allergic response: tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain kinase, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein.[1, 9]

Allergy to Iodine-Based Contrast Dyes

To improve the quality of images produced from x-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, doctors may use an iodine-based radiocontrast dye. Contrast dyes help to reveal irregularities that might otherwise be missed.[10, 11] Around one to 12 percent of people react to contrast dyes, with less than one percent experiencing severe reactions. The risks are higher with the older, ionic iodine-based radiographic dyes, and reactions have been reduced even further with newer, non-ionic dyes.[12] Itchy skin accounts for 70 percent of the reactions to the radiocontrast dye.[12]

As a result of the reactions, it was believed that the iodine in this solution was responsible. However, several studies have found that antibodies do not form after exposure to iodine-dye combinations; thus any reactions that occur are not allergies, per se, but an activation of the nonspecific immune system. A true allergy can only occur the second time one encounters a substance because the immune system must have formed antibodies to protect against it. One study showed that zero of 23 patients with previous sensitivity to contrast dye reacted to sodium iodide injected under the skin.[1, 12] Hence, the reaction to radiocontrast dyes is considered an allergy-like reaction rather than a true allergy.

Those who suffer from asthma and cardiomyopathy have a greater chance of experiencing a reaction to iodine-based contrast dyes. The severity of the response is linked to age, gender (females are more likely to be affected), and the use of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers.[1]

Topical Iodine Allergy

Povidone-iodine solution is often used as an antiseptic to treat skin abrasions or to disinfect the skin before and after surgery. Some patients treated with povidone-iodine solution developed an itchy "iodine rash." Other patients who previously had a response to povidone-iodine antiseptics had no reaction when treated with potassium-iodide, thus indicating that other chemicals are the cause of reactions, not iodine itself.[12, 13]

Healthy Sources of Iodine

Since our bodies don't produce iodine, an iodine-rich diet or supplements are essential to sustain healthy levels of this trace element.

Dietary Sources of Iodine

Iodine is present in the soil, so vegetables grown in regions that are iodine-rich will naturally have more iodine, though most people are not familiar with whether their produce is grown in iodine-rich soil. Foods naturally high in iodine include seaweed and kelp, lima beans, and fruit like plums, cranberries, and strawberries.

Iodized Table Salt and Sea Salt

Some people think that salt has a lot of iodine, but this is not necessarily true. There are two main types of salt used for cooking and consumption: table salt and non-iodized natural salts like sea salt or Himalayan crystal salt. "Iodized" table salt has been supplemented with iodine since 1924 to reduce iodine deficiency.

Non-iodized salt is the healthier option as it is natural and minimally processed. This status enables sea and rock salt to retain other minerals like magnesium, calcium, and potassium. One might think that non-iodized salt would have less iodine than iodized table salt, and some sea and rock salt does contain less, but some varieties of Himalayan crystal salt contain more iodine than table salt. Sea salt typically has a small amount of iodine, while iodized table salt has more.

Iodine Supplements

If you live in a landlocked area, your food is grown in low-iodine soil, or you’re switching away from iodized table salt as a source of iodine, you may benefit from an iodine supplement. Keep in mind that iodine supplements vary in quality and nascent iodine is the most beneficial.

Can I Have an Allergic Reaction to Iodine Supplements?

As explained above, iodine itself does not cause an allergic reaction, but some supplements may contain other chemicals that can cause an allergic response. If you have any allergies, your risk of additional allergies might be higher. In this case, look for an iodine supplement that’s free of additives.

Detoxadine® is a premium-quality, deep-earth sourced nascent iodine supplement that supports thyroid health, the immune system, and more. Made from iodine, vegetable glycerin, and water, it’s a pure formula and one of the easiest ways to ensure healthy iodine intake.

References (14)
  1. Iodine allergy and contrast administration. UCSF Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging. University of California. ucsf.edu. Accessed 18 Jan 2018.
  2. Raffensberger L. How Adding Iodine to Salt Boosted Americans’ IQ. Discover Mag. Jul 2013. Accessed 15 Feb. 2018.
  3. Feyrer J, et al. The Cognitive Effects of Micronutrient Deficiency: Evidence from Salt Iodization in the United States. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 19233. Jul 2013.
  4. Aceves C, et al. The Extrathyronine Actions of Iodine as Antioxidant, Apoptotic, and Differentiation Factor in Various Tissues. Thyroid. 2013; 23(8):938-946.
  5. Andersson M, et al. Iodine deficiency in Europe: A continuing public health problem. World Health Organization. 2007. Accessed 15 Feb. 2018.
  6. Salisbury S. Cretinism: The past, present and future of diagnosis and cure. Paediatr Child Health. 2003; 8(2):105-106.
  7. Woo C, et al. Not all shellfish ‘allergy’ is allergy!. Clin Transl Allergy. 2011;1(1):3.
  8. Schabelman E,et al. The relationship of radiocontrast, iodine, and seafood allergies: a medical myth exposed. J Emerg Med. 2010;39(5), 701-707.
  9. Huang, S. Seafood and Iodine: An Analysis of a Medical Myth. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2005;26(6):468-469.
  10. Scherer K,et al. The role of iodine in hypersensitivity reactions to radio contrast media. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40(3):468-475.
  11. Moussa L, et al. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast agents used in radiology: a review. J Med Liban. 2012 Jul-Sep;60(3):159-163.
  12. Bottinor W, et al. Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media. Int J Angiol. 2013; 22(3):149-154.
  13. Kunze J,et al. Relevance of an iodine allergy to commercial polyvidone-iodine preparations. Z Hautkr. 1983;58(4):255-261.
  14. Van Ketel W, et al. Sensitization to povidone-iodine. Dermatol din 1990;8:107-109.

†Results may vary. Information and statements made are for education purposes and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor. If you have a severe medical condition or health concern, see your physician.

Get to know Dr. Group

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Condensed Matter > Statistical Mechanics

Title: A density functional for the lattice gas from fundamental measure theory

Abstract: We construct a density functional for the lattice gas / Ising model on square and cubic lattices based on lattice fundamental measure theory. In order to treat the nearest-neighbor attractions between the lattice gas particles, the model is mapped to a multicomponent model of hard particles with additional lattice polymers where effective attractions between particles arise from the depletion effect. The lattice polymers are further treated via the introduction of polymer clusters (labelled by the numbers of polymer they contain) such that the model becomes a multicomponent model of particles and polymer clusters with nonadditive hard interactions. The density functional for this nonadditive hard model is constructed with lattice fundamental measure theory. The resulting bulk phase diagram recovers the Bethe-Peierls approximation and planar interface tensions show a considerable improvement compared to the standard mean-field functional and are close to simulation results in three dimensions. We demonstrate the existence of planar interface solutions at chemical potentials away from coexistence when the equimolar interface position is constrained to arbitrary real values.
Comments: 22 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. E
Subjects: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Journal reference: Phys. Rev. E 104, 024124 (2021)
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.104.024124
Cite as: arXiv:2104.12723 [cond-mat.stat-mech]
  (or arXiv:2104.12723v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] for this version)

Submission history

From: Manuel Maeritz [view email]
[v1] Mon, 26 Apr 2021 17:14:16 GMT (3026kb,D)

Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.


text:
Super Monkey Ball 2

Even after the Dreamcast was discontinued in 2001, few predicted that Sega would, in the very same year, proceed to have one of their games ported to a Nintendo console. Such a reality came to pass when the GameCube launched. The console’s debut signified the true end of an era when Super Monkey Ball, a port of Sega’s arcade game Monkey Ball, was among its launch titles. To the surprise of creator Toshihiro Nagoshi and Amusement Vision, Super Monkey Ball became a sleeper hit amongst the Nintendo GameCube’s launch titles in North America. If Sega porting a game for a Nintendo console only for it to become a tremendous hit was a sign of the changing times, what happened shortly thereafter drove the point home even more.

Sonic and Mario had clashed numerous times throughout the fourth and fifth console generation. Halfway through the 1990s, the rivalry between the two characters became the stuff of legends. And just like that, the final mainline release in Sega’s long-running Sonic the Hedgehog series to debut on one of their consoles, Sonic Adventure 2, found itself ported to the Nintendo GameCube as though nothing happened. For those who had grown up with Nintendo consoles, this port, named Sonic Adventure 2 Battle, was likely their first exposure to Mario’s most famous rival alongside Sonic Advance, which was released the very same day for the Game Boy Advance. The gaming landscape had permanently changed, and even those not very versed in the medium knew it.

With Super Monkey Ball being one of the GameCube’s most popular launch titles, it was only natural that Mr. Nagoshi and Amusement Vision would be inspired to create a sequel. Taking their simple concept out for another spin, Mr. Nagoshi and his team created Super Monkey Ball 2, releasing it in 2002. To appeal to the series’ newfound fanbase abroad, it was first released in North America in August of that year before debuting domestically the following November. Like its predecessor, the game was well-received, garnering dedicated fans who continue to praise it to this day. As one of Sega’s first games specifically created for another company’s console, did Super Monkey Ball 2 successfully continue its creator’s momentum?

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Monkey Ball

In 1989, a man named Toshihiro Nagoshi graduated from Tokyo Zokei University, earning a degree in film production. Shortly thereafter, he joined Sega, a game developer that recently made a name for itself in the arcade scene and the budding console market when they released the Mega Drive – renamed the Genesis in North America. When the developer conceived its mascot in the form of Sonic the Hedgehog, whose debut game launched in 1991, they suddenly became a force capable of challenging Nintendo. Mr. Nagoshi was first assigned to the company’s second arcade department (AM2). Under the wing of Yu Suzuki, he was a CG designer for the 1992 arcade hit Virtua Racing – one of the first games of its kind to utilize three-dimensional polygons. He then used this knowledge to direct, produce, and design a game of his own in 1998: Daytona USA 2.

In 2000, Sega had separated their nine research and development departments from the parent company. They were established as semi-autonomous subsidiaries with a president acting as a studio head. Mr. Nagoshi found himself in charge of one of them; the subsidiary’s name was Amusement Vision. Their first two projects saw the creation of Planet Harriers and SlashOut. The former was a 3D rail shooter and the latter a fantasy-themed beat ‘em up. Their first console project saw them revamp the original Daytona USA alongside Genki for the Sega Dreamcast – the successor of the Sega Saturn.

Despite this success, Mr. Nagoshi felt he was bad at actually playing games. Therefore, his next project would be one that new players could instantly understand and play. Specifically, he wanted to make a game involving rolling a sphere through a maze. This was to provide a contrast to the increasingly complex titles dominating Japanese arcades at the time. Although they quickly conceived a physics engine, he felt the idea of guiding plain spheres to be visually unappealing. Worse, without any distinguishing features, it would be difficult for the player to gauge their avatar’s movements. Therefore, Mr. Nagoshi decided to place monkey characters inside the spheres, using concept art from designer Mika Kojima. The game, entitled Monkey Ball, debuted at the 2001 Amusement Operator Union trade show before formally hitting arcades in June of that year.

Despite its arcade design sensibilities, Monkey Ball provided gameplay that would make for an ideal console port. However, there was just one problem with such a proposition. Although it was well-received and is thought of as a great console for its time, the Dreamcast’s run ended up being short-lived. Isao Okawa had replaced Shoichiro Irimajiri as Sega’s president in 2000. Unlike his predecessor, he had advised Sega to leave the console business to focus entirely on software. Combined with a lack of third-party support, the enormous success of Sony’s PlayStation 2 console, and Sega’s damaged reputation as a result of previous failed attempts to launch new hardware such as the Sega 32X and the Sega Saturn, March of 2001 marked the end of an era when the Dreamcast was discontinued. With Sega officially having left the console race, they were now a “platform-agnostic” third-party publisher. Mr. Nagoshi still intended to create a console port for Monkey Ball, and the parent company had chosen the ideal platform for its debut.

The creation of Sonic the Hedgehog sparked the medium’s first true console rivalry between the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) and the Sega Genesis. Due to their fairly high price points, most kids would only own one of these consoles. This meant you were either a Nintendo kid or a Sega kid. In schools, it wasn’t unheard of for gangs to form based on which console they owned. All of that came to an abrupt and shocking end in 2001 when, in the very same year as the Dreamcast’s discontinuation, a game published by Sega would be among the Nintendo GameCube’s launch titles.

Unlike Sony’s PlayStation 2 or Microsoft’s inaugural console, the Xbox, the Nintendo GameCube sought to draw in a younger audience, meaning that Monkey Ball would fit right in. Mr. Nagoshi even commented that the Amusement Vision staff felt more comfortable with the GameCube hardware than they did Sega’s own. He also joked that Nintendo was the only console manufacturer his staff members didn’t hate.

Sega assured fans that the port would be created in time for the GameCube’s launch. A little over a month later, the team modified their game to run on the GameCube’s hardware. They spent additional time to conceive bonus features, enhance the graphics, and even introduce a fourth character. As promised, this port, named Super Monkey Ball, was released alongside the Nintendo GameCube itself in 2001. The game proved to be a commercial success, though to Mr. Nagoshi’s surprise, it fared better in the United States than it did domestically. There, it became one of Sega’s bestselling titles in 2002. Many journalists even went as far as considering it the highlight of the GameCube’s launch titles. As the very first game Sega ever published for a Nintendo console, were they able to begin their new life as a third-party developer on the right foot?

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New Super Mario Bros. Wii

Upon its 2006 release, New Super Mario Bros. became the first entry in Nintendo’s Mario series since Super Mario Land 2 to send the title character on a side-scrolling adventure. Although some critics had their reservations about the game’s lack of innovation, it was well-received. After innovating with three-dimensional gameplay, New Super Mario Bros. saw the series revisit its roots to capture the spirit of a bygone era. It became an instant hit, going down in history as the single best-selling Nintendo DS game with over thirty-million copies moved worldwide.

Later in the same year, Nintendo launched their Wii console. Touting itself as the first console to extensively utilize motion controls, the anticipation for the Wii’s debut surpassed even that of the more technically advanced Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. It wouldn’t take long for Mario to make his debut on the platform in the form of Super Mario Galaxy. After the somewhat divisive Super Mario Sunshine, Super Mario Galaxy was considered the follow-up to Super Mario 64 fans had wanted for years. However, unlike the previous three consoles, Mario wasn’t going to be limited to a single adventure this time.

Series creator Shigeru Miyamoto would help oversee the development of a sequel to New Super Mario Bros. Although he thought highly of the original game, in retrospect, he felt it wasn’t especially challenging. With this new project, he wanted something that could both challenge experienced gamers and draw in newcomers. Entitled New Super Mario Bros. Wii, this sequel would be released in late 2009 for the titular console. Did it mark a triumphant return to form?

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Persona 4

Atlus’s long-running Shin Megami Tensei metaseries had always been popular in its native Japan. However, the first games were released on Nintendo’s Famicom and Super Famicom consoles. The developer’s North American branch had a strict policy that prohibited any religious symbolism. Because of the series’ frequent use of Christian symbolism, these games had no chance of making it past Nintendo of America’s censors. Fortunately, the series was able to travel overseas when Atlus, like many third-party companies, jumped ship to the PlayStation line of consoles. Even so, the series was still largely invisible in the West. This changed in 2004 when Atlus released a localized version of the main series’ third installment, Nocturne. Though not as successful as many popular, contemporary JPRG series such as Final Fantasy, Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne found an audience, becoming a cult hit for the PlayStation 2 era.

The PlayStation era marked the beginning of a Shin Megami Tensei spinoff series named Persona. It was one of the first games in the metaseries to be localized, though it quickly fell into obscurity. Consequently, when its first sequel, Persona 2, was split into two separate releases, the second failed to debut overseas. However, with the momentum gained from the positive critical reception of Nocturne, Atlus wound up localizing Persona 3. Because most Western fans had never heard of the two games preceding it, Persona 3 ended up being a gateway entry for anyone seeking to delve into the metaseries along with Nocturne. Indeed, many Western critics praised Persona 3 for providing a unique take on the gameplay Nocturne pioneered.

With the series finding its way into Western markets and Persona 3 proving to be a domestic hit, a sequel was inevitable. Katsura Hashino, who had directed many installments in the metaseries, including Nocturne and Persona 3, found himself in charge of leading a new team. Many of the people who worked on Persona 3 returned for this project. A significant portion of the new personnel consisted of fans of Persona 3. With this new installment, Atlus sought to improve both the gameplay and the story so as to not retread old ground. Development began shortly after the release of Persona 3 in 2006, though ideas had been thrown around earlier according to Mr. Hashino. Development of this game, simply entitled Persona 4, took place over the course of two years. It saw its initial release on July 10, 2008 in Japan for the PlayStation 2 before debuting in North America the following December. The game saw the the light of day in Australia and Europe in March of 2009. Despite being released two years after the launch of the PlayStation 3, Persona 4 was even greater hit with the metaseries’ new fans than its predecessor. It is considered one of the greatest games of all time and an exemplary swansong effort for the then-aging PlayStation 2. Was Persona 4 able to give the greatest-selling home console at the time a worthy sendoff?

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Aegis Wing

In the 2000s, J Allard of Microsoft proposed a summer internship with the express goal of focusing on game design. Three interns for Microsoft, Scott Brodie, Danny Dyer, and Matt Monson, in turn created a game during the summer of 2006. Their effort was a shoot ‘em game named Aegis Wing. Mr. Dyer and Mr. Monson had been members of the Texas Aggie Game Developers, which was a student organization at Texas A&M University established to nurture new talent. The three of them collaboratively did all of the groundwork, though outside sources provided art and audio support.

The team ran into a few difficulties due to having but three months to see this project through and XNA, a freeware toolkit commonly used for Microsoft products such as the Xbox 360, was not yet available at the time. Nonetheless, the three-person team soldiered on, completing their work by the end of the summer – though they had to cut out a few planned features along the way. They handed their work to Carbonated Games, an internal studio of Microsoft Game Studios to be published. The fruits of their labor were then released on the Xbox Live Arcade service as a freeware title in May of 2007. What was this small team able to accomplish in three months?

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New Super Mario Bros.

When Nintendo launched their handheld, dual-screened DS console in 2004, it quickly became a hot commodity. To showcase the machine’s technical capabilities, one of the system’s launch titles was a remake of Super Mario 64. Its debut in 1996 permanently changed the landscape of the medium, being the first successful, fully three-dimensional platforming game. However, there was the unspoken caveat that experiences like Super Mario 64 could only ever be experienced from the comfort of one’s home. The idea of being able to bring a game that advanced on vacation was thought of as rather ludicrous in 1996, yet just eight years later, such a reality came to pass. In fact, this remake, Super Mario 64 DS, looked better in many ways than the original version. Coupled with minigames that took full advantage of the system’s signature touch screen, and the DS was able to sell by the millions.

However, by the mid-2000s, the Mario franchise had a strange relationship with Nintendo’s handheld consoles. While mainline games had sparse releases on Nintendo’s home console, only having one entry per generation starting with Super Mario World, Super Mario Land: 6 Golden Coins would be the final installment of the 1990s to feature the side-scrolling gameplay that made the series famous in the first place. While the Game Boy Advance seemed like a prime opportunity to allow the Mario series to revisit its roots, its representation was limited to remakes and spinoffs. The Super Mario Advance series in particular was solely composed of ports. Discounting a few new extra stages being offered within these ports, it seemed as though the Mario franchise had truly moved on from its pioneering installments.

This changed shortly after the launch of the DS when Nintendo announced a new project by the name of New Super Mario Bros. As its title and teaser screenshots suggested, this game was to recapture the spirit of the series’ side-scrolling installments – albeit with a three-dimensional twist, using character models from Super Mario 64 DS. The game eventually saw its initial debut overseas in North America in May of 2006 before being released ten days later domestically. It then launched in Australia and Europe the following June. Just like the title it was named after, New Super Mario Bros. quickly became one of the best-selling games of all time, moving over thirty-million copies worldwide. Critics and fans alike had nothing but praise for the game, citing it as one of the console’s highlights. Did New Super Mario Bros. successfully recapture the aspects that allowed its predecessors to remain all-time classics?

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Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

Although Pokémon as a cultural phenomenon was over by the third generation’s debut in 2002, the Ruby and Sapphire versions of Game Freak’s popular franchise managed to move sixteen-million units, making them the best-selling titles on its platform. The successor to the Game Boy Color was a highly praised piece of technology for allowing players to have portable gaming experiences comparable to ones provided by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. However, just like the Game Boy Color, the Game Boy Advance wouldn’t last for long before its own successor saw the light of day.

Just before the debut of Ruby and Sapphire, the president of Nintendo at the time, Hiroshi Yamauchi, proposed the idea of a handheld console with two screens. The product from Mr. Yamauchi’s imagination would be announced in 2003. However, they claimed it would succeed neither the Game Boy Advance nor the Nintendo GameCube. In early 2004, the console was formally unveiled with the codename “Nintendo DS”. The acronym stood for “Developers’ System” or “Dual Screen”. The system’s specifications were highly advanced for its time, having two three-inch screens and one gigabit of semiconductor memory. The most notable aspect of this console was that the bottom screen would respond to touch commands. It wasn’t entirely unprecedented, for Tiger Electronics released a console in 1997 dubbed the Its poor sales ensured the innovative idea died with it – or at least until Nintendo realized its potential. Mr. Yamauchi’s successor, Satoru Iwata, was enthusiastic about the DS, believing it would bring Nintendo into the forefront in terms of innovation. Released in 2004, its most notable launch title was a remake of Nintendo’s own game-changing Super Mario 64.

Although the Nintendo DS wasn’t created with the intent to succeed the Game Boy Advance, this scenario is precisely what came to pass. With many franchises such as Tetris and Super Mario Bros. gaining original entries on this system, it was only a matter of time before fans of Pokémon began speculating on the next generation. The year 2004 saw the debut of Pokémon Dash – a racing game that exclusively used the touch screen. Much like Yoshi’s Touch and Go, Pokémon Dash received fairly negative reviews. Critics believed developer Ambrella relied entirely on the touch screen to ferry an otherwise entry-level experience.

Even so, fans wouldn’t have to wait long before an official announcement was made. In 2004, the development of the fourth set of mainline games, Diamond and Pearl, was made known to the public. They would be the first set of games not developed by series co-creator Satoshi Tajiri with Junichi Masuda instead helming the project alone. With the tough experiences of developing Ruby and Sapphire still fresh in his mind, Mr. Masuda was nonetheless determined to create the ultimate version of Pokémon. Diamond and Pearl were initially slated for a 2005 release, but the team needed more time to implement the new ideas they had. As such, their domestic release was delayed until September of 2006. They reached the West in 2007 and Korea in 2008, marking the series’ official debut in the latter region.

Both games fared well critically with many people praising the new ideas Ms. Masuda and his team brought to the table. Even better, by the time of its release, the series had begun to make a comeback. The children who played Red and Blue in the late 1990s were either in high school or moving on to college, allowing them to wax nostalgia about the series without fear of ridicule. Because of these factors, it is no coincidence that Diamond and Pearl ended up selling eighteen-million copies – two-million more than their predecessors. Were Diamond and Pearl emblematic of the series’ resurgence in popularity?

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Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire

When the Game Boy Color was released in 1998, Nintendo’s competitors seemed to lack any kind of recourse. Companies such as Sega and Atari released portable consoles that featured color, yet Nintendo’s monochrome Game Boy had dominated the handheld market. When color was implemented for Nintendo’s Game Boy line, one of the few advantages their competitors had dissipated instantly. In fact, with the Sega Game Gear having been discontinued in 1997, the Game Boy Color’s sole competition upon release was provided by its direct predecessor. SNK and Bandai attempted to enter the market with the Neo Geo Pocket and the Wonderswan Color respectively, but neither console came close to dethroning the Game Boy Color.

Although the Game Boy Color sold very well, rumors had been spreading that Nintendo was in the process of creating a successor as early as the Nintendo Space World trade show in August of 1999. These rumors turned out to be entirely correct. Nintendo was attempting to create an improved version of the Game Boy Color codenamed the Advanced Game Boy (AGB) along with a brand-new 32-bit system slated for a release the following year. Renamed the Game Boy Advance, the system was officially announced in September of 1999. Nintendo initially aimed for a 2000 release, though it wouldn’t make its debut until 2001. Like its two predecessors, the Game Boy Advance was a commercial success with fans and journalists alike praising its significant technical leap from the Game Boy Color.

Within the short lifespan of the Game Boy Color, Game Freak had released Pokémon Gold and Silver. It wasn’t easy for Satoshi Tajiri and his team to follow up a set of games as monumental as Pokémon Red and Blue, but with the second generation, they proved they were more than up for the task. Featuring many novel concepts such as a real-time clock and the ability to pass down moves through breeding, Pokémon Gold and Silver would prove to be the Game Boy Color’s premier role-playing experience. Given the immense popularity of these games, it was only natural for them to create a third set, and the Game Boy Advance would seem to be the ideal platform upon which Game Freak’s flagship series could make a triumphant debut in the sixth console generation.

Unfortunately, this proved easier said than done. The Game Boy Advance was a large technological leap from the Game Boy Color. As Game Freak had been accustomed to developing games on simplistic hardware, they encountered problems almost immediately. Even the fact that the screen was slightly larger meant they had to develop with a different aspect ratio. On top of that, they had far more colors and sound channels to work with. Though the newfound freedom intrigued the team, accomplishing certain tasks became much more difficult and the entire process became highly resource-intensive.

They also had to deal with a factor they couldn’t possibly control: what their audience felt of the series. When Pokémon Red and Blue debuted internationally in the late nineties, it became a true worldwide phenomenon. Sometime after the release of Pokémon Gold and Silver, however, the novelty died down. Fans had dismissed these games’ popularity as a fad, declaring it dead. Junichi Masuda, the man who co-directed the franchise’s third-generation entries alongside creator Satoshi Tajiri, would describe the adverse atmosphere in an interview, believing there was an immense pressure to prove dissenters wrong. Combined with their unfamiliarity with the new hardware, these games proved to be the most difficult to develop out of any generation in the series thus far. Such was the extent of the stress Mr. Masuda felt creating these games that he found himself hospitalized at one point as a result of severe stomach issues. Despite these setbacks, he and his team persevered and saw the project through to the end. The night before games were released, the co-director had a dream in which it was a complete failure.

Deviating from the color themes of the preceding generations, the third set of mainline games were dubbed Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire. They saw their domestic release in November of 2002 before debuting aboard in 2003. How these games were received isn’t exactly straightforward. On one hand, Mr. Masuda’s fears were ultimately misplaced, for Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire moved sixteen-million units between the two versions, making them the greatest selling Game Boy Advance titles. Interestingly, the third most successful title on that console was Pokémon Emerald – an updated version of these two games in a similar vein to Pokémon Yellow and Pokémon Crystal. There’s no questioning that, from a financial standpoint, these games were complete successes. However, the fans themselves were divided on these games for various reasons. While fans accepted the changes Gold and Silver brought to the table, they weren’t as unanimously receptive of Ruby and Sapphire. What is it about these games that inspired such mixed feelings?

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Pokémon Stadium 2

With the international success of Pokémon Stadium for the Nintendo 64, Game Freak’s bestselling franchise had presence on both the handheld and console markets. The latter game was especially novel for its time, having introduced the Transfer Pak. With it, players could insert their own copies of Pokémon Red, Blue, or Yellow into these devices and have the creatures they raised battle it out in 3D. Naturally, Nintendo EAD was compelled to make a sequel following the release of the mainline series’ second-generation games: Pokémon Gold and Pokémon Silver. This sequel was showcased at the Nintendo Space World festival in 2000. It was originally going to be entitled Pokémon Stadium 3 domestically before being changed to Pokémon Stadium Gold/Silver, seeing a release in December of that year. Western fans wouldn’t have to wait too much longer for the game to be released internationally, seeing the light of day in March of 2001 in North America and October of the same year in Europe. As only the second of the two games in the series left their native homeland, it was dubbed Pokémon Stadium 2 abroad. Does this game successfully keep up with the core series’ evolution?

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Super Mario Galaxy

Originally codenamed the Revolution, the Wii was to be Nintendo’s entry in the seventh console generation. While Microsoft’s Xbox 360 and Sony’s PlayStation 3 console focused on providing players with high-definition experiences, Nintendo opted to go in a different direction. Rather than appealing to the existing gaming fanbase, they sought to make their console for everyone, hence why the name sounds like the English first-person, plural pronoun “we”. One of the Wii’s touted features lied in its unique control scheme. In lieu of fashioning a classic controller, the Wii was to employ motion controls, which would be executed by a remote outfitted with an infrared sensor. Though met with a degree of skepticism within the gaming community, the Wii became the best-selling console of its generation. Despite its successful launch, many gamers were wondering why a mainline Mario installment was not among its launch titles. Even the GameCube had the spinoff Luigi’s Mansion, yet when the Wii launched, Nintendo’s mascot was nowhere to be found.

After the release and overwhelming success of Super Mario 64, Nintendo began working on a sequel. One of the first names for this hypothetical game was Super Mario 64-2. It was slated to launch on the 64DD (Dynamic Drive), a peripheral for the Nintendo 64 that would afford players new freedoms such as the ability to create their own content. However, the commercial failure of the 64DD ensured it would never leave its homeland. In response, many 64DD projects were reformatted for the Nintendo 64, saved for future consoles, or cancelled outright. Super Mario 64-2 was one of the projects to suffer the last fate. Despite this, Nintendo wasn’t ready to throw in the towel. With the impending launch of the Nintendo GameCube, they needed something with which to demonstrate its processing power. In 2000, a proposed game entitled Super Mario 128 was showcased at Nintendo Space World. The game was heavily retooled and outfitted with a tropical island theme, hence the 2002 release Super Mario Sunshine. Though stuck in the shadow of its more popular predecessor, Super Mario Sunshine was highly acclaimed in its own right, and became one of the console’s premier titles.

Though many ideas from the Super Mario 128 demonstration were excised by the time it became Super Mario Sunshine, one person continued to see potential in them. That person was none other than the demonstration’s director, Yoshiaki Koizumi. Super Mario Sunshine marked the first instance in which he found himself as the lead director, and though he was satisfied with his work, he wanted to set his sights higher for the inevitable follow-up. One part of the demonstration featured Mario moving freely around a spherical platform. This concept did not make it into Super Mario Sunshine due to it overtaxing the machine’s technical capabilities. Nonetheless, series creator Shigeru Miyamoto remained interested in the concept, and he decided to form a team who would help bring it into reality.

The year 2002 marked the founding of the Nintendo EAD Tokyo Software Development Department. The purpose of this branch was to recruit fresh, new talent from Japan’s capital and most populated city. Their inaugural game was released in 2004 under the name Donkey Kong Jungle Beat. It was among the first titles to star Donkey Kong in the lead role after the revered Rare entered a partnership with Microsoft. The game was praised for the most part, though many critics deemed it inferior to Rare’s Donkey Kong Country trilogy due to its lack of returning characters. Nonetheless, the game stood out from its competition in how characters were controlled with a set of bongos – an aspect that captured the attention of various non-gaming publications. Impressed with their work, Mr. Miyamoto asked EAD Tokyo if they wanted to make a high-profile game starring one of the company’s mainstays. This prompted one member of the staff to suggest they possessed the skills to make a new Mario title. Mr. Koizumi, taking note of the experience the staff developed creating Donkey Kong Jungle Beat, felt they could make the idea involving spherical platforms work and recruited them into this new project. In a bit of a twist, Mr. Koizumi set his attention to the Wii.

With a basic concept in mind, all Mr. Koizumi needed was a central theme, necessitating his team to draft several ideas and find ways to implement them. Co-designer Koichi Hayashida and producer Takeo Shimizu were skeptical about the idea of incorporating a spherical playing field into a 3D platforming game. The latter in particular felt a sense of danger when the plan was approved. Only when he began debugging the game did he realize how fresh the experience felt. Once the team was convinced of the concept’s viability, they quickly settled on setting the game in outer space, believing most players would see the spherical shapes as planets. As an entire region separated EAD Tokyo from Nintendo, a system was put in place so both offices could playtest the game. The development team was pressured to finish their work at or close to the Wii’s launch. However, keeping true to the ethos of Mr. Miyamoto, they deemed a polished Mario game was more important than a rushed one.

The efforts of EAD Tokyo saw their completion in November of 2007 under the name Super Mario Galaxy. It is nearly impossible to overstate just how much praise this game received upon release. Mere days afterwards, Super Mario Galaxy was considered one of the greatest games ever made. Fans declared it the first truly worthy sequel to Super Mario 64, and even those who didn’t care for the Wii were thoroughly impressed. With Super Mario 64 having one of the most profound impacts of any game in history, was Super Mario Galaxy truly able to surpass it?

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We Offer a Better Future

But YOU must take the first step.

Be part of a growing industry and help our team change the world.

Flip the scales on your work/life balance. We know what's important.

Cubicles, commutes, and trading time for money...
there HAS to be a better way.

There is. 2012 census data estimated that home-based businesses generated $427 billion per year. Plus, the industry has experienced greater than average growth in the last decade. There are now over 4.12 million entrepreneurs working from home and experiencing the benefits of greater personal freedom, more family time, reduced stress, better tax advantages, higher job enrichment, greater productivity, and huge financial rewards.

your opportunity

Business mentors are expanding their teams now and are looking for work-at-home entrepreneurs like you.

Proven Results

We have a proven method of success in a large and growing industry. Will you be a good fit for our team? Find out today.

Any Skill Level

Learn step-by-step how to be your own boss and take control of your future. Discover your true potential.

We're a new kind of opportunity.

See how:

You control the schedule

Does your family come first? Keep it that way. Whether you're a full-time mom or work at a part-time job, run your business on your time and your terms. You decide when to work without giving up what's important in your life. Plus, there are opportunities are ready to start right now.

Work from anywhere

Think about the benefits of an online marketplace: For starters, you can have a national or even GLOBAL footprint, you reduce rent and office expenses and you can find contributors without any geographical limitations. The question is no longer "Can you work from home?", but rather, "Why wouldn't you?"

We value your ideas

Your unique skills are precisely what will make you successful with a home-based business so don't hide them, SHARE THEM! Plus, you'll be able to see how others have found success and learn from them.

Earn residual income

Most of us are familiar with the concept residual income under different names such as ‘passive income' or royalty commissions. The idea is simple: Do work once and continue to get paid repeatedly. Think of a band that creates a song and gets paid every time the song is played on the radio.

Community support and sharing

We are interested in building a strong and solid community for entrepreneurs dedicated to personal growth and success. We want to share ideas, build our own future and grow together. We can show you step-by-step how to be your own boss and take control of your future.

Access to mentors

The best mentors are dedicated to your personal growth and success. You're mentor should be accessible to you when you need them and have a solid, proven and replicatable plan. Look for those who want to share ideas, build a future and grow together.

Stop Trading Time For Money.
There IS a Better Way.


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Bad bosses

Do employees quit bad bosses?

As a matter of fact, they do.

And they do quit organizations that provide inadequate training and promotional opportunities, bonuses, and non-cash benefits, that foster (willingly or unwillingly) a negative climate, that assign insignificant tasks, or repetitive tasks, that do not leave enough autonomy, that do not give enough support.

The fact is, there is quite a lot that an organization and its leadership can do to prevent people from leaving. And considering the cost of voluntary turnover, the sooner they get to it, the better.

One thought on “Bad bosses

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Farnham online business networking cancelled

August 24 @ 12:00 pm - 2:00 pm

Unfortunately we have had to cancel this meeting. We’ll be back next month, hopefully with an in person meeting.

There will be an opportunity to present your business in our 60 second round. Our agenda normally includes some informal chat with other attendees, a business development slot and a chance to share testimonials and recommendations.

Everyone is welcome. We don’t operate any professional restrictions. There’s no pressure to refer and no attendance rules. Visitors are welcome to attend three meetings FREE of charge. After that we’d love you to join us from £17 per month and get all our regular online events FREE. Alternatively, you can attend further meetings for £10 per meeting.

For the time being these meetings take place on Zoom. Please book below so that we can send you the link just before the meeting.

We look forward to seeing you.

August 24
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
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Discover our vlogging duos

Each of the 10 duos will travel individually over the next 10 months (one month per duo) to a faraway land living the lives of locals and sharing their experiences every step of the way.

You will be able to follow them on our website as well as on our social media channels.

Konrad, a filmmaker from Poland and Sibongile, journalist from Namibia are two strong characters who will join forces to tell amazing stories about EU development projects in Namibia in July. Expect a lot of laughter and intensive storytelling.

Sonja and Diego are traveling to South America in August. Diego is a professional videographer and presenter who warmly captures people's stories through the eyes of his camera. Sonja is a great storyteller who enjoys connecting with people through music and projects with social impact. They would like to welcome you on their journey of discovering faces, hearts, experiences and landscapes of the heart of South America, Paraguay.

Nelly is a Dutch vlogger, presenter and an aspiring actress. She is well travelled but she has never set foot in South America. She is looking forward to experience Argentina and to tell all the Faces2hearts viewers the amazing stories she and Muriel pick up along the way. Muriel is a freelance media creator originally from Argentina. She has been a digital nomad for more than 3 years and is excited to go back to her home country on such a fun and heartwarming mission. Follow their upcoming trip around Argentina in September!! They will show you breathtaking landscapes, inspiring stories and all the fun and challenge they encounter along the way.

Cape Verde

These are Bruno from Cape Verde and Alisha from Belgium. They are both well-travelled due to relatives spread across the world. They both studied abroad and got out of their comfort zone many times, which made them adaptable and easy going. They share passion for the ocean and can’t help dancing when they hear afro or Latino beats. They will take buses, boats and planes to cross seas, hills and volcanoes, to bring back untold stories during the month of October. Finally, they will show you how EU-funded projects, on no less than 5 islands of Cabo Verde, helped improve the quality of life of Cape Verdeans.

The Gambia

Fatou is a reporter and anchor at The Gambia radio and television services. She will be joined by Guillaume, a travel filmmaker from Belgium. Together they will be traveling The Gambia in December and are super excited to embark on this journey to discover and tell the untold stories. As ardent producers and vloggers, it will be a period of self-discovery for both, and an opportunity to report beyond the ordinary.

Monica and Sil are traveling to Myanmar in January. Monica is a Peruvian photographer with a passion for social and underwater photography, and Sil is a Belgian PhD researcher with a passion for diverse connections between humans and nature. Together they will take you on an unforgettable adventure, an emotional journey to unexpected places where they will meet inspiring people who are at the hearts of communities working to create positive change. Follow Monica and Sil while they discover projects, funded by the EU, and experience stories of beauty and resilience behind the faces of Myanmar!”

England-born Dan will travel from his hometown in Portugal to join Jeana in Jamaica in February. They will explore the Caribbean island together to discover the work the European Union is doing there. Dan and Jeana are both bold inviduals who know how to make the most of any situation. They share a love of photography and can't wait to show you their journey.

Sierra leone

Kirstie and Esteban are traveling to Sierra Leone in March. Esteban is a filmmaker from Spain and Kirstie is a North Carolina born writer based in Sweden. They have both done a lot of travelling, but neither of them has ever visited Africa… That is, until now! Next year, they are heading to Sierra Leone for the visual storytelling adventure of a lifetime. Join them in March 2020 as they explore amazing landscapes, experience a different culture, face new challenges, and meet inspiring people. They can’t
wait to share all of their stories from the road with you!

Ludo and Hamza are going on an adventure in April and will travel across Zambia to show you how the EU is helping Zambians all across the country. They wish to show you how exciting Zambia is for travelers and how far they will get by exploring.

Cristina and Pema are two passionate storytellers that will travel together to Bhutan in May 2020. They will report on the impact of development projects on local communities. Cristina has done photography and video projects on women's empowerment in India and refugees in Athens and Paris, and she also has experience in policy analysis on gender and conflict. Pema is from Bhutan where she started Yeewong, the first women's magazine and travel channel where she shares inspiring stories coming from local Bhutanese. Follow their journey off the beaten path to Bhutan!

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"Know Thy Selfie"- A Modern Take on Identity

Posted by Megan Doherty-Smith on February 17, 2017

“Kim Kardashian published a book of them, Russia banned them, and at the Oscars last year Ellen took the most liked one of all time: Selfies.  And love them or hate them, there’s no denying the impact their proliferation has had on modern society.”  When I came across this statement in a magazine (Elle: Selfie Culture and Female Identity), I for the first time, appreciated the value of a ‘Selfie.’ Indeed, a Selfie can shed light on attitudes, values, allegiances, cultures, and pursuits – and all of this in a tiny, square screen.

While many dismiss the Selfie as frivolous and self-indulgent, in truth they can offer a powerful and insightful lens into the way we see ourselves as well as the way we want to be seen.  The selfie gives a person, as both the picture-taker AND the subject, total power to capture one’s true and authentic self.  It is also a language that students today understand – and poll any class, most students have taken – and posted – a selfie.  This is why we thought this would make a great Identity Unit assignment. There are several excellent resources available to open up this conversation. Click here to access the minds-on task that I used to prep students for their Selfie Assignment.

Some resources that I consulted include:

  • Video – Dove Selfie: Redefining Beauty
  • #iftheygunnedmedown
  • Clips from Kate Warfield’s TedX Talk, “The Treachery and the Authenticity of Images”
  • Chimamanda Adichie, TedTalk, “The Danger of a Single Story”

Know thy Selfie (the Assignment)

The students are asked to take two Selfies: one is capturing how they see themselves, and the second asks them to capture how they think they are seen by others OR how they want to be seen by others.  They are required to also submit a written reflection that describes both Selfies and explains the disconnect between the two images. Click here to access the assignment.

I think that, at times and depending on the population of a school, students can  have a difficult time connecting with the Identity Unit.  Certainly in my classes, few students feel that they are able to relate to the stories of frustration of being labeled by others like Jennifer Wang of “Orientation Day,” or not fitting into the tidy categories like Anthony Wright of Little Boxes.  The intention of this assignment is to help them see that every day they - intentionally or unintentionally - are crafting an identity.  Parts of themselves that they may take for granted actually speak volumes about who they are and the way that they want to be understood.  Equipped with this deeper understanding, students are able to better reflect and appreciate more complex issues of identity that have shaped the past and dominate the discourse of the present.

And who doesn’t love a Selfie?!?

To learn more about how and why Facing History teachers explore identity in the classroom, click here!

Check out the the new 2017 Holocaust and Human Behaviour Resource Book free PDF for new Identity readings.

Topics: Identity, CHG, CHC

This is where Canadian Facing History and Ourselves teachers and community members meet to share reflections, scholarship and teaching practices that will inspire, challenge and improve teaching and student learning. Our stories provide a window into diverse Facing History classrooms in Canada, and invite you into the discussion.

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Armie Hammer

Armie Hammer

Armie Hammer
Quick Facts About Armie Hammer
Celebrated Name Armie Hammer
Age 35 years old
Nick Name Armie
Birth Name Armand Douglas Hammer
Birth Date 1986-08-28
Gender Male
Profession American Actor
Nationality American
Ethnicity Mixed (half American and half Jewish)
Race White
Horoscope Virgo
Religion Christianity
Father Michael Armand Hammer
Mother Dru Ann Hammer
School Faulkner's Academy and Grace Christian Academy
High School Los Angeles Baptist High School
University University of California, Los Angeles.
Sexualorientation straight
Marital Status Divorced
Wife Elizabeth Chambers (m. 2010-div. 2020)
Daughter Harper Grace Hammer
Son Ford Armand Douglas Hammer
Net Worth US $16 million
Salary $1 million-$2 million per year
Height 6 ft 5 inches
Weight 87 Kg
Hair Color Dark Brown
Eye Color Dark Brown
Hair Style Short
Bearded Style stubble
Body Measurement 44-33-16 inches
Active Years 2005-present
View MoreLess

Who is Armie Hammer?

  • Armie Hammer is an American actor. He is the great-grandson of oil tycoon Armand Hammer who was worth $800 million at the time of his death, which is equivalent to $1.6 billion today. Hammer's eighth great-grandfather was Cherokee Chief Kanagatucko, who was a "known advocate of peace and friendship" during the French and Indian War and the Seven Years’ War.
  • Armie's emergence in Hollywood came through his portrayal of the twins Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss in David Fincher's biographical drama film "The Social Network" in 2010. He is best known for his role as Illya Kuryakin in the action film The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (2015).
  •  He starred in Luca Guadagnino's romantic drama "Call Me by Your Name" In 2017, for which he received a nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor.
  • In 2021, a scandal erupted with allegations against Hammer of sexual abuse and cannibalistic fetishism, which included physical harm, non-consensual BDSM, rape, and emotional abuse. Hammer denied the allegations, calling them an online attack, and shortly after, stepped back from various future projects and was dropped by his acting agency and publicist. The sexual allegation has lowered his prestige in the Hollywood industry and has destroyed his film career giving a shock to his fan and well-wishers.

Armie Hammer Parents& Ethnicity

  • Armie Hammer was born on August 28, 1986, in Santa Monica, California, USA. He was born to his father, Michael Armand Hammer who owns several businesses, including Knoedler Publishing and Armand Hammer Productions. His mother Dru Ann Hammer is a former bank loan officer. He holds an American nationality. Hammer has described his background as "half Jewish". His star sign is Virgo. He is a Christian.
  • Armie was born into a wealthy well-prestigious American family. The history of the Hammers family dates back to the 1700s A.D. His paternal great-grandfather was oil tycoon and philanthropist Armand Hammer whose parents were Jewish immigrants to the U.S. from the Russian Empire and were of Ukrainian Jewish descent. Armie's paternal great-grandmother was Russian-born actress and singer Olga Vadimovna from Sevastopol, the daughter of a tsarist general.
  • The little Armie grew up in the Dallas neighborhood of Highland Park. He attended Faulkner's Academy in Governor's Harbour, Cayman Islands, and Grace Christian Academy. He enrolled at Los Angeles Baptist High School in the San Fernando Valley. He dropped out of high school in eleventh grade to pursue an acting career and later took college courses at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Who is Armie Hammer married to?

  • In May 2010, Hammer married television personality, Elizabeth Chambers. The pair were introduced by Hammer's friend, artist Tyler Ramsey. They have two children: a daughter born in 2014 and a son Ford Armand Douglas Hammer who was born in 2017. After ten years of marriage, Hammer and Chambers announced their separation through Instagram on July 10, 2020.

  • The reason behind their separation is unknown but according to a source, the couple was separated after Armie Hammer accidentally sent Chambers a sexually explicit text that she knew was meant for another woman at the start of this summer when he was in Miami for travel.
  • It is rumored that Armie has been linked with many girls after his separation from his ex-wife Elizabeth Chambers. In January 2021, multiple women came forward about the abuse they had allegedly experienced during their relationships with Hammer. One of his former girlfriends alleged Hammer was emotionally manipulative and abusive during their relationship in 2020 and alleged he said he wanted to eat her flesh and would suck or lick her wounds if she had "a little cut on her hand."
  • In the same month, an anonymous Instagram account released screenshots that were alleged of Hammer's Instagram direct messages to various women between 2016 and 2020, describing sexual fantasies including violence, rape, and cannibalism.
  • On March 18, 2021, the woman who initially came forward with abuse allegations accused Hammer of violently raping her in April 2017. The Los Angeles Police Department subsequently confirmed that he was under investigation for sexual assault. But Hammer's legal team has denied the allegations.

How much is Armie Hammer worth?

  • As of 2021, the net worth of Armie Hammer is estimated to be the US $16 million and earns millions for his role in the movie. When his great grandfather Armand died in 1990, Hammer's father, Michael, inherited almost all of the family's business empire, which is estimated to be worth more than $180 million.
  • Born as a silver spoon, Armie hasn't inherited his family wealth. he is a self-made millionaire. He has made himself a rich man with his successful film career. He has starred in many blockbusters Hollywood movies like "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." (2015), The Lone Ranger (2013) which earned $260.5 million in box office collection worldwide, Cars 3 (2017) whose box office collection was $383.9 million, and others.
  • But, amid all the latest controversies surrounding  Armie Hammer. It is anticipated that his net worth might drop drastically. Since he has already dropped out of his upcoming projects, the allegations are seen as a major loss for Hammer and his career.
  • Armie and his former wife Elizabeth have put their three-story house on the market for sale for $5.8 million after their separation. The couple purchased the English Tudor-style house for $4.72 million in January 2019. The lavish man has impressive car collections including Porsche, Land Rover.

How tall is Armie Hammer?

  • Armie Hammer can be best described as tall, dark, and handsome. This handsome hunk has a height of 6 ft 5 inches and weighs around 87 Kg. He has a huge muscular build body.
  • His high-profile personality is highlighted by his professional dress-up. He can be seen roaming around in complete formal uniform. He has a pair of dark brown eyes. He has a short style that is dark brown in color.
  • His Chest size is 44 inches, his waist size is 33 inches and his Biceps size is 16 inches.

Facts About Armie Hammer

  • #1Hammer didn’t meet Timothée Chalamet until they were both casts.
  • #2 His great-grandfather may have been a Russian spy.
  • #3He was cast to play Batman in an early version of Justice League but was canceled.
  • #4He is self-conscious of his dancing.
  • #5He’s a huge Titanic fan.
  • #6He has a special relationship with the film director Luca Guadagnino.
  • #7He and his wife were friends for three years before getting together.
  • #8He co-owns a bakery with his wife.
  • #9His first lead role was Billy Graham in the movie Billy: The Early Years.
  • #10The blockbuster movie "Home Alone" persuaded him to act.

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Does Apple really regret launching the iPhone X?

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The iPhone X was well received by many around the world and had its fair share of critics as well. It came out as a unique phone with some interesting features, the selling point being its “face unlock“. However, it seems as though Apple‘s not satisfied with the phone. There have been reports suggesting that Apple is likely to launch three new iPhone models in fall 2018 which makes one wonder what will happen to the iPhone X?

Fall 2017 saw the arrival of three new iPhones, the iPhone 8, the iPhone 8 Plus and the iPhone X. The most popular amongst all the three iPhone was, of course, the iPhone X. It stood out from the rest of the iPhones not just in price but in features as well. No other iPhone has the face unlock feature, it was unique in design as well. However, the phone didn’t perform as well as the company hoped it would and KGI securities believes that come fall 2018, we’ll have seen the last of the iPhone X.

Image: Apple

The iPhone X wasn’t much of a hit in the large and profitable Chinese market. The main issue with the phone being that the ‘notch’ holding the sensors reduces usable space on the screen for users.

According to the reports, if demand is not what Apple expected it to be then the iPhone X will be shelved soon. This is quite shocking considering how much the iPhone X costs and how popular it has been in other regions. This is the first time Apple has completely shelved a product instead of offering it with newer products to increase product diversity.

Although the iPhone X might be going away, that doesn’t mean Apple has nothing else to offer. There are rumors going around that around the same time the iPhone X gets shelved, we’ll see the arrival of three new iPhones. We saw three new iPhones arrive in fall 2017 as well, perhaps this is a new business model Apple has started to follow to give more options to its customers.

According to KGI Securities analyst Ming-Chi Kuo predicted in a note that was distributed to its clients:

“We predict Apple (US) will launch three new iPhone models in 2H18: 6.5-inch and 5.8-inch OLED models and a 6.1-inch TFT-LCD model, all equipped with a full-screen design and TrueDepth Camera (front 3D sensing), as with iPhone X,” Kuo wrote in Monday’s note.”

According to what Kuo, who’s known to accurately relay details of iPhones before, we’ll get 3 phones. The iPhones are set to be a diverse bunch as one or two of them will aim for the “high-end” market while the other iPhone will be a budget phone. Here’s a preview of what to expect for all the three sizes:

Image: macworld
Image: Macworld

The cheaper version out of the three would likely have the same design as the iPhone X but perhaps not all the features, thus making it cheaper. However, it appears as if the phone will likely keep the Face ID feature. The device will reportedly have around 3 GB of ram, an aluminum frame, and no 3D touch. As you can already see from the phone, this phone will not have an OLED, but an LCD instead.

The other two phones, as mentioned, are intended for the high-end market. If you were a fan of the iPhone X then don’t worry, you’ll still be able to buy it. One of the newer phones, likely to be called the “iPhone X Plus” will be an updated version of Apple’s latest flagship without the design flaws customers believe it to have.

Both of the phones are likely to be newer versions of the iPhone X. The only difference will most likely be the screen size as Apple is looking to go even bigger as there is demand for said screen size by many customers for an even bigger screen (hence the ‘Plus’ in one of the phones).

Others report that the iPhone the iPhone SE 2 will be amongst the three iPhones to be released in fall 2018.

Image: Daily Mail

The iPhone X design received a lot of popularity and praise. Expect newer iPhones to follow the same ‘notch‘ design to be followed along with some minor improvements. This means that the upcoming generation of iPhones will not have a home button, a design convention many other companies have also started following. The phones will also have a bezel-free design, they’ll come with the popular Face ID feature as well.

Other rumors

Apple might be using Micro LEDs in the future. Reports suggest that Apple is interested in these screens. Micro LEDs are considered much better than regular LED or OLED screens. This is because of their low power consumption, high brightness, ultra-high definition, higher efficiency and longer lifetimes etc. Phone lifetime is a critical aspect that becomes a selling point for many companies. Thus, having an improved lifetime definitely helps the iPhone’s standing in the highly competitive phone market.

OLEDs also offer most of the features of Micro LEDs, however, the latter has higher brightness and high color. The Apple Watch will most likely get these LEDs first before they are eventually implemented into the iPhone as well.

Apart from Face ID, the newest iPhones could have a new feature: the built-in touch ID. There are manufacturers who are now ready to prepare screens for phones that allow the built-in fingerprint sensor. It’s something that no major phone company has been done so far. Apple could lead the way if it implements such a feature on one of its iPhones.

The three iPhone model seems to be Apple’s latest approach now for releasing iPhones. Apple is looking to offer a more diverse range of products in order to make more sales. They’re also scrapping the September release date in order to release and ship the phones “on time”.

The newest iPhone X Plus will likely be priced similarly to the iPhone X at $999 or even more. The demand for the iPhone X was not as high as it was expected to be and a reliable source points towards newer versions of the phone. This makes it seems highly likely that Apple regrets releasing the iPhone X. That would explain why the new phones are being introduced.

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Friday, September 27, 2019

100 Best Dinner Recipes

100 Best Dinner Recipes

These meals are perfect for busy weeknights. This easy meatloaf recipe is one of our best made over 7000 times and never disappoints.

100 Dinner Recipes Quick Easy Meals It Is A Keeper

Chock full of poultry potatoes peas and corn this recipe for easy chicken pot pie makes two golden pies so you can serve one at supper and save the other for a busy night.

100 best dinner recipes. Allrecipes magazine recipes our newest recipes. Theyre tried and true favorites that you and your family will love. The ultimate greek salad.

Whenever i bring it to a tailgate or potluck everyone asks for the recipe. Rosemary skillet pork chops with quick braised cabbage cooking these pork chops in a skillet makes it easy and no fuss while absorbing all of the rosemary flavor. 85 best quick easy dinner recipes you can make in 30 minutes or less.

The dressing was absolutely heavenly. Almost any sidenoodles veggies or breadtastes better next to this lovely chicken. Check out 50 of our best ever dinner recipes.

70 insanely easy summer dinner ideas. Find all star dinner recipes and menu ideas for easy seasonal meals any night of the week from food network. I paired it with salad i prepared and fresh italian loaf.

Make sure you check out my recipe for chicken pot pie puffs its one of the most popular recipes on it is a keeper. This no fail meatloaf makes 8 servings. Cynthia heil augusta georgia.

Below is a list of my favorite easy quick dinner recipes just click the link for the recipe. I love that i can recreate one of my favorite foods so easily. By country living staff food drinks nov 26 2019 85 best spaghetti squash recipes that wont make you miss pasta.

Most can be made in under 30 minutes. Peggy foster florence kentucky. Follow to get the latest dinner recipes articles and more.

Dont sabotage your weeknight dinner 7 photos. Everyone will want seconds. Karen johnson bakersfield california.

Indian spiced chicken and cauliflower spice up your usual chicken and veggies with a kick of indian spices. Laced with lemon and simmered in white wine this stovetop entree is super easy and elegant. Quick chicken recipes make dinner a breeze.

88 all time dinner favorites ground beef gyros. Take the work out of searching for an answer to this question with these popular 5 star dinner recipes. Brown sugar garlic chicken.

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FAFEN urged ECP to Display Voter’s List at Union Councils

ISLAMABAD:  The Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) urges the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) to take immediate measures to ensure the maximum access of eligible voters to check that their names are included on the new Electoral Rolls, which include the 2007 voters’

Improvements in Display Period, But Problems Remain

ISLAMABAD: Procedural inadequacies, ineffective management and lackluster response of the eligible voters that may have serious implications on the final electoral rolls mar the ongoing display of Draft Electoral Rolls.

According to reports received from observers of the Free

Implementation of election law during by-elections urged

ISLAMABAD: The Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) observed the by-election for NWFP Assembly seat PF-1 in Peshawar in 86% of polling stations on April 11, 2009 and reiterates its recommendations to the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) regarding the need for training of

Sitting passes two bills and a Resolution

  • MQM stages walkout over increase in prices of petroleum products

ISLAMABAD, April 5: Starting an hour and 14 minutes behind schedule, the Joint Sitting of the Parliament, which met for three hour and

Bar on women voting, terrorist attack warrant fresh NA-28 by-poll

ISLAMABAD: A suicide bombing and barring women from voting characterized the NA-28 by-election in Buner on December 28, 2008. FAFEN recommended on Election Day that the ECP should stop the polling and re-schedule the by-election because the chaos and fear after the bombing created

FAFEN Issues Direct-Observation Report on NA’s Eighth Session

Islamabad, December 17, 2008:  The Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) issued a revealing report today about its direct observation of the proceedings of the National Assembly during the Eighth Session from November 10-21, 2008.  Among the most interesting observations are