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Image: MT Aerospace AG

MT Aerospace AG, a subsidiary of the space and technology group OHB SE, has reached a significant milestone in its development of a CFRP upper stage for a future European launcher.

In early June 2021, it had its prototype high-performance tank for rocket engines made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) tested at the DLR test center in Trauen as part of the European Space Agency (FLPP).

Despite the absence of an extra internal coating, the CFRP tank has demonstrated its structural load-bearing capability and tightness over multiple pressure cycles at cryogenic temperatures about 20 K (-253°C) (linerless).

 “The test result is a groundbreaking success in Europe; after all, fuel tanks are safety-critical elements in any propulsion system,” explains Hans Steininger, CEO of MT Aerospace AG. “We have provided proof that a high-performance pressure tank made of CFRP can withstand cryogenic stress. In the future, the use of CFRP high-performance tanks should not only enable safe rocket launches, it can also exploit the advantage of significantly lower mass compared to metallic tanks.”

The test campaign was conducted in stages, as hydrogen requires particular handling and storage. Hydrogen becomes liquid at a cold 20 K (-253.15 °C). At room temperature and at around 77 K (-196.15 °C), the test specimen, a 400-mm-diameter tank, was first subjected to a helium leak test. After that, it was filled with liquid, namely cryogenic hydrogen (LH2). After filling, the tank was even inflated beyond the supercritical LH2 pressure in order to simulate a stress situation that is to be expected when employed in a rocket flight. Thus, MT Aerospace was able to demonstrate effectively that the CFRP tank it developed and constructed meets the stated standards for LH2 tightness throughout the load history, even when subjected to a combination of cryogenic thermal loads and concurrent, high mechanical stresses. Additional filling and draining cycles confirmed the tank’s good performance.

To ensure the tank’s quality, a further helium leakage test was undertaken. This cleared the way for MT Aerospace AG to conduct another test, this time focusing on the tank’s behavior when filled with liquid oxygen (LOX) at cryogenic temperatures. This second test campaign will demonstrate that the CFRP material chosen is suitable for use in a future upper stage with both liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.

For MT Aerospace AG, the test result provides a solid platform for subsequent material selections related to the PHOEBUS upper stage demonstration project, which was recently commissioned by ArianeGroup GmbH. By the end of 2022, the project will have defined, manufactured, and tested tanks with a diameter of two meters in preparation for a near-full-scale structural upper stage demonstrator.

“The test result is very encouraging for us, also and especially in view of our recent investment to expand the company’s CFRP manufacturing environment,” adds Dirk Lanuschny, Head of Launcher Programmes at MT Aerospace AG, referring to an Automated Fibre Placement facility that will enable the production of tanks with diameters typical of launch vehicles from early 2022. “As part of the PHOEBUS project, we intend to manufacture the two cryogenic tanks (LH2, LOX) as well as the primary structures of an upper stage demonstrator with a diameter of 3.5 meters.”

Nedim Husomanovic

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You will need
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To reduce the size of the video file at small loss of quality is possible to use any compound on converting audio and video files. Our choice fell on the Meg program Ui. This utility is quite fast to cope with the set tasks. After you upload the distribution kit of this program on your computer, install the software on the system disk (S).
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Mai mare|Mai mic
Hotnews.ro incognito investigation

How PSD adds people to the anti government protests of the unions: We have 200 people with their own cars, prepared, a PSD mayor said

de A.C.     HotNews.ro
Marţi, 26 octombrie 2010, 19:56 English | Top News

An incognito HotNews.ro investigation reveals that Social Democratic mayors do everything in their power to increase the number of protesters present in Bucharest: we have 200 people with their own car, read to go and other mayors I know bring about 100-200 people, a mayor of a village in Teleorman declared. The incognito investigation was meant to check whether PSD mobilizes its party members for protests in Bucharest.

The protest announced and assumed by unions, scheduled for the day the motion of censure against the government is to be voted in the Parliament, became a dispute between the opposition and power. PDL accuses PSD for politicizing the protests. PSD leaders assumed their involvement in the protest.
The investigation attempted to find out, incognito, whether PSD gets involved in the protests. HotNews.ro reports called local PSD mayors across the country, claiming to be calling from PSD Bucharest organization and asked them how they prepared for the protest.

Of the six mayors contacted in Teleorman county, three answered the questions and said that they will send people to tomorrow's protest.

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Bigg Boss OTT’s Pratik Sehajpal Teasingly Asks Neha Bhasin If She Has Fallen In Love With Him, Singer Says, “It’s One Sided Love”

Bigg Boss OTT is hitting the headlines for multiple reasons. A lot is happening inside the house and it is creating a whole lot of buzz. Amid all this contestants Pratik Sehajpal and Neha Bhasin’s sweet and sour relationship is gaining a lot of attention. To note, both Neha and Pratik were seen supporting each other. The two are often seen indulging in playful physical fights and are seen getting cozy.

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Home > FAQs > What are the instructions for sitting the computer-based tests?

What are the instructions for sitting the computer-based tests?

Please check the Notice of Competition or Call for Expression of Interest of your selection procedure for the number of questions, duration and pass marks for the tests.

Arrival at the test centre:

The address of the test centre is listed in the link in your booking confirmation. You can find this confirmation in your EPSO account once you have booked for the tests. You must arrive at least 30 minutes before your appointment. Availability cannot be guaranteed if you are late or if you miss your appointment.

We would like to invite you to read our frequently asked question on What are the rules of conduct at the computer-based tests centres? before going to the test.

For multiple-choice question tests:

You will be offered the first available seat. If you arrive early, you may be given the option to sit your tests before your scheduled exam time. In the event of a delay exceeding 30 minutes due to circumstances beyond our contractors' control, for instance technical issues, you can ask the test centre to reschedule your appointment to another date.

For case study, written test in the field and translation tests:

The candidates are advised to allow for more time at the test centre in case of unexpected delays. Depending on the nature of the issue, the exam schedule may be impacted and could exceptionally result in delays of up to several hours. Further information will be given at the test centre itself if needed.

Identity check:

You must bring to the test centre:

  • the printed booking confirmation from your EPSO account;
  • a valid document proving your identity, bearing a recent photo and signature, for example: your passport, national identity card, photographic driving licence, national/regional residence permit, military ID card.
  • If the photographic ID provided does not bear a signature, further proof of identity bearing a signature must be provided, such as: non-photographic driving licence, bank card/credit card.

Your personal details on the above-mentioned documents must be identical to those in your EPSO account.

Starting the tests:

Please note that you cannot request a change of the workstation allocated to you.

Once your test is launched, you will be asked to confirm your name. If the test is not in your name, press “No” and notify an invigilator immediately.

All instructions in the tests, including the tutorial, introductory screens, and survey will normally be in your second language. This may vary for linguist competitions.

You will take the tests in the languages selected in your application form. You can check this in your EPSO account. Please note that the language options cannot be changed once the application form has been submitted.

Each work station will have the following equipment:

  • a note board
  • a marker pen
  • a right-handed mouse
  • ONLY FOR tests of CAST/P selection procedures: a handheld calculator with basic functions (pictured below or similar, depending on the location of your test centre). As simplified calculators are in use, calculator instructions will not be provided anymore. It is your responsibility to ensure that the calculator works (including clearing the memory) before starting the tests.
  • an on-screen calculator (see picture 4 below), if taking numerical tests
  • disposable earplugs (on request)
  • ear defenders, which are placed over the partitions between work stations, or on request.

 Please check that all items work before starting your tests. If you require any assistance during the tests, please alert an invigilator by raising your hand.

Before you start the tests there will be a 5 or 10-minute tutorial (depending on the type of test) on navigating and answering the tests.

As the test environment and navigation within the exam are explained in detail in the tutorial, candidates are deemed to be aware of these functions and as such no complaints in this regard will be accepted by EPSO.

For some questions you may have to scroll down to see the whole question and all answers. Once you have finished the tutorial press "END" to start the test.

Breaks and ending the tests:

You should complete all the tests.

There may be an optional break at a specific point during the tests. The exact timing will be communicated in the invitation letter.

Please ensure that you do not inadvertently end your break (by clicking on the 'END' button) as this will trigger the start of the next test.

If you leave the test room at any other time during the tests (unscheduled break) no extra time will be added.

In the case of certain tests if you wish to finish earlier you may leave the room in silence after notifying an invigilator.

You must sign in and out each time you enter and leave the test room.

At the end of the tests (with the exception of the e-tray), you will be asked to complete a 5-minutes optional survey relating to your testing experience. This section is not to be used to make comments/observations on technical issues or requests for neutralisation of questions (please see relevant FAQs). The survey is not scored.

After the tests:

You can request an attendance certificate at the test centre at the end of the tests.

The test results are not given at the test centres.

After the testing window has closed the results are processed by Prometric, sent to EPSO and approved by the Selection Board at a dedicated meeting. This procedure can typically take a number of weeks.

The testing period may be extended should the need arise.

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Welcome Dr. Suban K Sahoo to American Journal of Chemical Research

Dr. Suban K Sahoo
Assistant Professor
Department of Applied Chemistry
S.V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395 007, INDIA

Biography & Research Interest

Welcome Dr. Suban K Sahoo to Join the Editorial Board of American Journal of Chemical Research.

Educational Qualifications:

1996, 12th        Chemistry, Physics, Math, Biology, English; CBSE, New Delhi.

1999, B.Sc.     Chemistry (Hons.), Physics, math; Sambalpur University, Orissa.

2001, M.Sc.     Chemistry; Sambalpur University, Orissa.

2004, NET      Chemical Sciences; JRF Qualified, CSIR-UGC, New Delhi

2008, Ph.D.     Chemistry; Punjab Technical University (PTU), Jalandhar with Prof. BK Kanungo, Department of Chemistry, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab. Thesis: “Synthesis and Molecular Modeling of some Novel Macrocyclic Metal Complexes”.

Professional recognition, awards, fellowship received

  • 2015, Contract Professor (BK21+ Scheme), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
  • 2009, Visiting Professor, University of Cagliari, Italy
  • 2009, Young Scientist Award, Orissa Chemical Society, Orissa, India
  • 2004, Young Scientist Award, Punjab Academy of Sciences, Punjab, India
  • 2004, Qualified the joint CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) for the award of Junior Research Fellowship and Lectureship
  • July 2005-June 2006, Junior Research Fellowship, UGC, New Delhi, India.

20.03.2009 to Till date           Assistant Professor, SVNIT, Surat, Gujrat

04.08.2008 to 13.03.2009       Lecturer, JMIT, Radaur, Haryana

11.01.2007 to 25.05.2007       Lecturer, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab

02.08.2006 to 22.12.2006       Lecturer, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab

01.07.2005 to 30.06.2006       Junior Research Fellow (JRF), SLIET, Longowal, Punjab

01.04.2003 to 31.03.2004       Research Assistant (RA) in MHRD project entitled “Design, Synthesis and Study of Biologically Active Iron(III) Carriers: A Molecular Modeling Approach”, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab

19.09.2002 to 31.03.2003       Project Assistant (PA) in MHRD project entitled “Development of Quantum Sized Metallic and Semiconductor Particles”, SLIET, Longowal, Punjab

Research Interest:

  • Colorimetric and fluorescent sensors based on nanoparticles and quantum dots (QDs)Synthesis of multidentate ligands and metal complexes
  • Nanosensors: synthesis of fluorescent nanoclusters and their applications, nanoparticles based colorimetric sensors
  • Supramolecular deep cavitand and recognition of small guest molecules.
  • Fluorescence study of the model compounds.
  • Design and development of chemosensors mainly for metal ions, anions, amino acids, nitro-compounds etc
  • Computational chemistry (DFT and ab-Initio based calculations mainly to complements various experimental evidences)
  • Complexation studies of the ligands with various metal ions both by potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods.

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The point of the nursing process is to impose easy to follow steps and critical thinking on the provision of excellent care. This is more of a process then something linear, because everything is situational. Its more of a guidance, so the nurses are organized and can use these steps to get to their goal (Black ,2017.)

Phase 1: Assessment. This is the phase where information about the patients family or community is gathered, such as physiologic, spiritual, environmental, or sociocultural information. There are subjective and objective data that nurses must obtain from patients. Subjective data is when a patient is describing their perceptions, needs, feelings of the problem. Objective data is data collected through examination (Black, 2017.)

Phase 2: Analysis. This is the data-gathering phase which nurses group data to identify the problem. It Is necessary to follow the PES system so that there is a correct diagnosis. This system is split into 3 parts, which is problem, etiology, and symptoms. The nurse can use this data to come up with a diagnosis (Black, 2017.)

Phase 3: Planning. The nurse must identify the patients goals and determine what will reach those goals. Both the patient and the nurse use goals to evaluate the patient’s progress and how far they came from the start (Black, 2017.)  This will also make the patient confident as well when they are near their goal.

Phase 4: Implementation of Planned Interventions. This occurs when nursing orders are carried out. Interventions are included in this phase, such as educating patients and pain management. This step is very important, since you’re developing a blueprint on how to get closer to your goal by holistic help, which is common in the nursing field (Black, 2017.)

Phase 5: Evaluation. This phase is when the problem is solved, and ultimately, to lay out the goal. The patients progress is monitored by the nurse, to see how far they got and if they achieved their goal. The nurse plans out how to get closer to the overall goal, if some things are not met yet (Black, 2017.)


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Reading the book, ‘Steve Jobs’ a biography of  Steve Jobs by Isaacsons, it is when you know that if an oracle, a genius, a legend, mentor and an optimist lived on the earth, it would be Steve Jobs.  His touch on technology, design and engineering left the world puzzled.  To the world, he was a genius who has revolutionized technology and left impeccable marks that cannot be ignored for generations. He was a gifted mentor. However, his life was not as easy as way may opt for taking. Steve was born on 24 February in 1955 to two university graduate students at the University of Wisconsin, and they gave the little angel up for adoption by Abdulfutah, Assyrian political science professor and Joanne who was a speech therapist. It was not until Steve was 27 years when Steve uncovered the truth of his life.  He died on 5 October, 2011.

Taking a walk into the culture of ordinary life, he got married in the wake of 1990’s to Powell and they had three children, but the decline of his health in 2009 sent lots of fear in the world. In 2003, Steve was diagnosed with suffering from the pancreatic cancer, but he chose not to go for surgery immediately, but later in 2004, he had a successful surgery and a pancreatic tumor was surgically removed.

Adopted by Clara and Paul, the toddler was given the name Steven Paul Jobs. They lived in Mountain View within the Californian Silicon view. Paul, Steve’s guardian father used to be a mechanic and the teen boy Steve lived to work on the electronic devices in the family unit garage, where Steve would be shown how to reconstruct electronics. This without a doubt made him a mechanical expert with lots of intelligence, buoyancy and unspeakable optimism. He sprung up his productivity and innovativeness, as it grew profoundly with his youth promising; he had little or not much interest in academics; up to some point his fourth grade teacher would bribe him to study in elementary schools. After he had enrolled in high school, he spent a lot of his time at the Hewlett-Packard, where he developed mutual friendship with a computer club leader called Steve Wozniak, a brain in computer engineering.

The dramatic twist of events on how Steve made it in the adoption to land into the hands of a mechanic, and had his hands on electronics leads to some few questions. Are human beings predestined? Even when something unwanted happens to one’s life, it has some reason. Like Steve’s life events of adoption, later dropping out of high school and becoming a video designer after lacking something to do?

He became a lover of topography after he dropped out his studies in the ReedCollege in Portland, after he had lacked which way to go. In 1974, Steve became a video game designer with Atari. Later left for India, but much later when he was 21 years old, Steve, driven by passion reunited with his friend Wozniak and they started the Apple computers with the duo gurus starting from the family’s garage at their premises, with Steve selling his Volkswagen car and Wozniak selling his lovely scientific. They made technology a big democracy, made machines lighter, small, intuitive and accessible by almost all. They made various models of Apple computers in 1988s, generating unspeakable amounts of money and they are still in the market up to date. What else is a life worth emulation; from humble beginnings to major world waves and impacts?

We may not talk of modern day technology of Macbook, iPod, iTunes, and iPhone with Steve jobs. This has brought a new face in the world. His innovations have sent innovators back to the drawing board to come fresh, but he has always remained ahead. What a hero gone to the merciless hands of the grave.

The life and miles covered by Steve Jobs in his life are a challenge to the academics of engineering students; to foster creativity and productivity. Working tirelessly and investing time in research is the ideal way to go.

A read of the biography leads to a focus on the protagonist’s life events, which in turn leads to focus on personal life. However, the third aspect out of biography makes the reader focus on the third aspect of the partner’s life. Therefore, a biography is a threefold read.

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Should we all become vegetarians

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Should we all become vegetarians In this regard, Singer refers to Jeremy Bentham: the question is not, Can they reasons nor Can they talk but, Can they suffer? (Singer, 1985, pars. 5) But here Singers position is deeply objectionable as well as debatable. For the sake of humanity, animals deserve kindness and sympathy from humans. but for the same reason, a man should have the right to kill an animal and to live on its meat. If humankind is sacked off the right to live on the flesh of other animals, it will be a sheer violation of the natural law. It is something like imposing a ban on a lions right to live on the flesh of buffalos. As far as Singer argues that humans should stop cruelty against nonhumans, it is good for the whole of mankind. But when he advises that mankind should stop eating meat or flesh, he advocates the violations of the laws of nature.It is right that animals also suffer and, therefore, humans should not inflict sufferings on them. But what should a man do, if the sufferings (or killing) of an animal can save the lives of millions? Or if the sufferings of animals can make millions of lives easy in a severe liver condition? In such a case, a man should do what a lion naturally does. Lions cannot live on grass because of its biological features. So, they need to kill sheep or buffalos for the sake of living. If considered in the context of the natural food chain, man, by dint of reasoning power and intellect, occupies the top position. Because of superior intellect, man has adopted the survival-capability by eating both meat and vegetable. In the food, man is the only eater who can grow their foods. So, growing and killing animals for food is humans natural ability to survive in their surroundings. This ability of man to kill animals and consume animal-flesh is as natural as a lions right to live on flesh. Therefore, Singers proposition that all modern men should be vegetarian is grossly flawed. It is because there are places on this earth where living on meat is the only condition of survival.

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Klipsch and Henley Audio announce four new soundbars from the renowned US maker. The new Klipsch line comprises the Cinema 400, Cinema 600, Cinema 800, and Cinema 1200. Offering an extensive range of movie and music-led features, and at four distinct prices, all of the new models include sleekly styled soundbars and matching subwoofer. Highlights include a Dolby Atmos-capable 5.1.4 system; compatibility with Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant and Spotify Connect; matching wireless subwoofers; and 8K passthrough. Klipsch houses all this latest tech in something a little more aged (and lovely) – real wood cabinets. The result is a collection of beautifully finished soundbar/subwoofer packages, primed for action and set to complement any home decor.

Klipsch Cinema 400 (£379.00 SRP, on sale December 2020)
Designed to effortlessly connect to TVs – Klipsch includes an HDMI cable – the Cinema 400 entry-level model swiftly delivers a serious upgrade to the home gaming/movie/music experience. A pair of Klipsch Tractrix 1” (25mm) tweeters and a brace of 3” (76mm) midrange drivers combine with the wireless 8” (203mm) subwoofer to dish-up Klipsch’s legendary, dynamic acoustics. Virtual surround, dialogue-enhancing and night modes, plus built-in Dolby Audio decoding complete the Cinema 400.

Klipsch Cinema 600 (£549.00 SRP, on sale December 2020)
The Cinema 600 builds on the entry model, totalling three of the same Klipsch Tractrix tweeters, four of those 76mm midrange drivers, and employs the even more powerful 10” (254mm) wireless subwoofer. The 600 also hails the Klipsch motion sensing remote, meaning full control even when the lights are low. The result is a thrilling sonic ride, one that also uses its dedicated centre channel to ensure not a word of dialogue is missed during the presentation. Add the optional Klipsch Surround 3 speakers for a complete 5.1 audio experience.

Klipsch Cinema 800 (£899.00 SRP, on sale early 2021)
The Klipsch Cinema 800 package stylishly brings Dolby Atmos into the home, enabling 7.1.4 decoding and creating overhead sound for greater immersion. This model also handles wireless music streaming, integrating into your smart home ecosystem via Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Spotify Connect. Packing a 3.1 speaker system, including the Klipsch 10” wireless subwoofer, the Cinema 800 offers 8K video passthrough, enabling seamless integration with the latest, state-of-the-art TVs and HDMI sources. Cinema 800 owners can also select the optional Klipsch SURROUND 3 (£256.00 SRP) speakers, elevating the 3.1 system into a fully-fledged 5.1 surround sound animal.

Klipsch Cinema 1200 (£1,449.00 SRP, on sale early 2021)
The flagship of the new Klipsch soundbar fleet is the Cinema 1200 soundbar. In the box lurks a muscular 5.1.4 system, complete with wireless surrounds, as well as the 12” (305mm) wireless subwoofer. Set up the Cinema 1200 and your habitat is now home to 1200 watts of power, brought to you by a maker with decades of professional cinema acoustic research and development. Sit back experience sound from all directions, including overhead, resulting in a bona fide Dolby Atmos cinematic experience without you leaving the sofa. The Cinema 1200’s built-in universal wi-fi works with wireless multi-room music streaming from Amazon Alexa, Google Home, and Spotify Connect, and this Klipsch is as gifted with music and gaming audio as it is with movie soundtracks and TV sounds. Klipsch crafts the Cinema 1200 soundbar, the subwoofer and surrounds from real wood and the package includes interchangeable walnut end caps – this is one special system.

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Tag Archives: South American continent

Uruguay attracts with beaches & vineyards

Uruguay – A Place Called Home

By    Tamela Spicer

EW Emma’s Writings

Montevideo, Uruguay-Tucked beneath Brazil on the South American continent, Uruguay is a country filled with vast ranches, hundreds of miles of beautiful beaches, amazing boutique vineyards, and a large metropolitan city that offers all the culture you might find in New York City, but with the warmth of a Midwestern community. I visited Uruguay for the first time in 1980, living in the capital of Montevideo for one month and in the northern city of Salto for three months. It would be years before another visit in 2008.

Uruguay capital Montevideo in South America

My connection to Uruguay began during my junior year of high school when my family hosted an exchange student, Adriana. After high school I spent four months living in Uruguay with Adriana’s family and it has been a second home ever since. Today, technology makes it easy to stay in touch, but there is nothing quite like going home for a visit, especially for a special occasion. It was the wedding of Adriana’s son that prompted my most recent trip to Uruguay, in December 2014. While wedding festivities provided plenty of time to catch up with family and friends, I was also struck by the changes in the country since my first visit nearly 35 years ago.

Most Americans have never heard of Uruguay, and if they have it may seem like a third world country. When I made my first visit there in 1980, it felt a bit third world, well at least old fashioned. I remember the milk man leaving the old-fashioned jars on the front stoop and while there was television, it was still black-and-white and only broadcast a few hours each day. It was a simple life that seemed unspoiled, but then 35 years ago everything seemed simpler.

Today Uruguay is a sophisticated and stable country that offers every modern convenience needed. The cell coverage in Uruguay is some of the best in South America. Comcast or Dish Network digital service is easily accessible and you can find Internet in any major hotel and several restaurants. Yet, even in the cosmopolitan capital, Montevideo, there is a peaceful pace of life and a sense that family is deeply cherished.

Montevideo is home to just over half the total population in this small country. The city sits along the beautiful shore of the Atlantic Ocean with the Rio de la Plata spilling in. Summer days are often spent at the beach and nightlife abounds along the Rambla, the coastal walkway with beautiful views, exercise stations and wide walkways. Uruguayan nightlife usually doesn’t start until around 10 pm and often lasts well into the wee hours of the morning. There are plenty of night clubs, casinos and restaurants of choice in the city, including tango dinner clubs and seafood by the sea.

To be continued

For more stories go to EW Emma’s Writings on http://emmapalova.com

Copyright (c) 2015 Emma Blogs LLC, All rights reserved


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Baja Part 6: Whale Sharks and Ferry Rides

Posted by Justin Lewis on Sunday, December 18, 2016

All of us were a bit bummed to leave the beauty, people, diving, and simplicity of Cabo Pulmo but you gotta do what you gotta do. Plus, we’d been promised that we could swim with the gentle giants known as the “Tiberon Ballena”, “Whale Sharks”, “Big Papa Plankton Eater”, or quite simply “Flavio”. We cruised back up to La Paz to stay with our excellent hosts, Frieda & Lee…did we mention we met them at an AutoZone? They were so kind to let us stay at their place, even letting Justin park his motorcycle in their living room.

The Fellas arrived safely in La Paz and the next morning Mitch and Simone decided to go to the Mega (Mexico’s version of Target) to get some supplies. Sounds like a simple enough task, right? Wrong! As the Fellas exited the store, Mitch dragged his feet along the elevator getting the rubber sole of his trustworthy Chacos stuck in the bottom grooves! Man is he a special one! The scene turned quite comedic when 3 officers showed up and tried everything they could think of to get the sandal out…pulling, twisting, sweating, nothing seemed to work! Mitch finally asked the older gentleman “Can’t you just put the key in and reverse the track?”. The guard obliged and, low and behold, the sandal popped out as easy as it went in. A few disgruntled shoppers were forced to “walk” the escalator, but besides that no harm, no foul…

Ok, back to the search for the, slow-moving, filter-feeding shark…A.K.A. the largest known existing fish species! The Team rolled down to the malecón around 9am looking for somebody, ANYBODY, to take us out for a swim with the behemoth teddy bears. Within minutes we were approached by Carlos and the negotiation began. We had a set price in our heads of what we were willing to pay, 350 pesos or approximately $17.50 given the current exchange rate. Ol’ C was a tough one, starting at 700 pesos/person! We were insistent on getting him down ¡Nuestros amigos pagaron 350 pesos ayer! After some time, he finally gave us a rock bottom price of 400 pesos. We scoffed, walking away only to look at each other saying “Are we really not going to do this is over 50 pesos ($2.50)?!”. We were in! We’d later find out that the others on the boat paid a whopping $65 as they had paid gringo Cabo San Lucas prices. Suckers!

After a 25-minute ride, we spotted several boats on the horizon and could see snorkelers flapping in the water! Was this really about to happen! We moved in a little closer, heart rates increasing, scrambling to get our fins and snorkeling gear on. As we got closer our swimming guide, a 12 year chico named Felip, cannonballed into the murky water motioning us all to follow suit…the time had come! One after another, we clumsily back splashed into the Sea of Cortez with the idea of swimming next to the spotted beasts. Swim, swim, swim…kick, kick, kick…where did Felip go?! There he was, right next to the giant! A couple more strokes and BOOOM! The Boys were confronted head-on with the World’s Largest Fishy!  Due to the water clarity, it was difficult to see the Monsters until they were right on top of you. You’d swim and stroke as hard as you could before immediately pumping the brakes as the shark came into view trying not to run square into it. During the swim both Mitch and Justin got tail-slapped! Words really can’t describe what it felt like to join these immense creatures of the sea in their natural habitat. They were everywhere in the bay! There was easily 10-15 of them circling around. Every direction we swam we’d run smack into one.

See whale sharks was the best ending to Baja that we could have imagined. It was high on Justin’s list of things to see during our journey and this was only the beginning. We spent the next few days hanging out with Frieda and Lee and organizing our ferry to Mazatlán, which in reality was extremely simple compared to what people in the forums made it out to be.

We arrived at Pichilingue 2-3 hours in advance as instructed, which proved to be way too much time. We provided the necessary paperwork, got weighed in, paid our tax, and were on the boat. Once the bikes were secured down with straps we headed up to our room. Baja Ferries overall provided a great experience. Everything was clean, well-organized, and entirely too cold after camping in Baja for the past month. Off to bed we went. Tomorrow we’d be starting a new chapter, Mainland Mexico, stay tuned.


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Tuesday, November 3, 2020

The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Untimely Death of King Peter II of Yugoslavia

Today, fifty years have passed since the death of King Peter II of Yugoslavia on 3 November 1970. The office of Crown Prince Alexander II of Serbia, the king's only child, issued the following communiqué on 2 November 2020:

A memorial service for His Majesty King Peter II (son of the great unifier His Majesty King Alexander I) is going to be officiated tomorrow Tuesday, 3 November 2020 by His Grace Bishop Jovan of Sumadija at the Church of Saint George in Oplenac.

According to protocol the first wreath will be laid by Mr. Dragomir Acovic, chairman of the Advisory bodies of the Crown on the behalf His Royal Highness Crown Prince Alexander head of the Serbian Royal Family (son of Hs Majesty King Peter II) on the tomb of the late King.

In New York His Grace Bishop Irinej of Eastern America will officiate a memorial service for His Majesty King Peter II in the presence of Their Royal Highnesses Crown Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine who will light candles in memory of the Crown Prince’s father, HM King Peter II, at the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Sava. His Majesty King Peter II was very close to the cathedral during his time in the United States.

King Peter II of Yugoslavia in London, 1968.

On Thursday, 5 November 1970, Lieutenant Colonel C. Stojilkovic, a member of the Royal Yugoslav Airforce and former staff member to Yugoslavia's last king, announced that His Majesty King Peter II of Yugoslavia had died on Tuesday, 3 November 1970, in Los Angeles, California, in hospital after suffering from cardio-respiratory failure caused by pneumonia. The king was forty-seven years-old and had been a resident of Playa del Rey, California. Peter had been residing there with Dr and Mrs Frank Lowe. The delay in announcing the king's death was attributed to the fact that his entourage had to wait to contact his next of kin. It was reported that since April 1970 King Peter had been in and out of hospital in Los Angeles, suffering from kidney problems and other ailments that were brought on when he was diagnosed with pneumonia in September 1970. King Peter II of Yugoslavia lay in state for several days at Christ the Savior Serbian Orthodox Church in Arcadia, California. His attorney Sam Silverstein noted that the king's will stipulated that the monarch be buried at the Serbian Orthodox Monastery in Libertyville, Illinois.

King Peter II and Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia in Paris, 1967.

King Peter's widow, Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia (née Greece), his son Crown Prince Alexander, and his brother Prince Tomislav had filed a court motion at the Los Angeles Superior Court challenging the Libertyville burial. The royals stated that Peter had wanted to be buried in London. Queen Alexandra and Crown Prince Alexander also filed a motion in the Lake County, Illinois, Circuit Court asking that the funeral services for King Peter be performed by Bishop Firmilian Ocokoljich, who served as chaplain to the royal family in London during World War II. The family's attorney, Thomas J Karacic, stated that it would be "sacrilegious" to have services for the king be performed by the group controlling the Saint Sava Monastery near Libertyville. The North American diocese opposed the government of Yugoslavia, while the Serbian Orthodox Patriarch in Belgrade did not. Mr Karacic noted that if services went ahead under the Saint Sava leadership, then Queen Alexandra, Crown Prince Alexander, and Prince Tomislav would boycott the ceremony. Alas, Circuit Court Judge L Erie Carey ruled that the services would be conducted at the monastery by Bishop Iriney and Bishop Dionisije, in accordance with the king's wishes.

The funeral service of King Peter II of Yugoslavia at Saint Sava in Libertyville, Illinois.

On 15 November 1970, around fifteen thousand mourners filed past the bier in the Byzantine chapel of Saint Sava's Eastern Orthodox Church in Libertyville, IL, to render their last homage to their late king. The king's body lay in a brown, metallic coffin, the front half covered with glass. Clad in a Yugoslav Air Force uniform, he looked more like an eighty year-old than his age of 47, it was written. A World War II amputee who had served in the king's armed forces said, "He was an unhappy man. He helped thwart Hitler's movement into Russia and then his country was given the Russians." Bishop Iriney of Pennsylvania delivered a moving eulogy: "He was a unique and unusual man and he lived and reigned under even more unusual circumstances. One of his brothers wanted him to be buried in Westminster Abbey in London. King Peter could have been buried there with the rulers and all the dignitaries of the world in attendance. Instead, he rejected world glamour and brought himself to the level of his people. His choice to be with the Serbian people and lead them against the Axis war machine was of great historical importance. He delayed Hitler three months in attacking the Soviet Union. He could have stayed in the palace and enjoyed the everyday privileges of the royalty. He knew that any resistance would result in the sacrifice of many lives and wholesale destruction. But he also knew that any temporary security for himself and his people would result in the erosion of his people's essential liberties." Neither Queen Alexandra, who was estranged from her husband, nor Crown Prince Alexandra attended the funeral of King Peter in Illinois. The only member of the king's family to attend his burial was his youngest brother Prince Andrej.

The grave of King Peter II of Yugoslavia at Saint Sava's Eastern Orthodox Monastery in Libertyville.

It was not until Friday, 20 November 1970, that it emerged through Denver Post reporting that King Peter II of Yugoslavia had actually died at Denver General Hospital on 3 November. The king had been admitted to Denver General on 7 October and on 8 October underwent a liver transplant. Peter had been suffering from advanced cirrhosis of the liver for some years, and on 7 October the king had been flown from California via a private chartered jet to Denver, where he underwent the transplant surgery the next day. The liver intended to prolong the monarch's life had come from Barbara Virginia Peterson, aged fifteen, who died on 7 October after an automobile accident on 3 October in Garden Grove, California. The Denver Post reported that Peter had died in hospital while still recovering from the operation. On his death certificate, which was filed with the Colorado Health Department, the king's name was given as Peter Petrovich. Following his death, the king's body was immediately flown by private jet back to Los Angeles. A friend of the royal family gave the following statement: "He [King Peter] had been in and out of hospitals (John Wesley and Queen of Angels) most of the year, and the doctors were trying to keep him alive long enough to find a donor for a liver transplant. When an acceptable donor was located in Denver, he was flown there." When questioned as to why the truth behind the king's death was not given earlier, the source replied, "Because the queen [Alexandra] had kept up the pretext of his being here [in California], and she couldn't very well suddenly admit he'd been in Denver for almost a month. Besides, she didn't want to discourage potential liver transplant recipients and donors." At the time of King Peter's death, his wife Queen Alexandra was living in Venice, Italy.

Crown Prince Alexander at the memorial service held in London for his father King Peter.

Crown Prince Alexander attended a memorial service for his late father King Peter at the Serbian Orthodox Church in Notting Hill, London, on 11 August 1971.

On 26 May 2020, King Peter II of Yugoslavia was reburied in the mausoleum of the Karadjordjević dynasty at the Church of Saint George in Oplenac. Along with the king, Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia (his wife), Queen Marie of Yugoslavia (his mother), and Prince Andrej of Yugoslavia (his younger brother) were also reburied in the family mausoleum.

Crown Prince Peter of Yugoslavia was born at Belgrade on 6 September 1923 as the eldest son of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and his wife Queen Marie (born Princess of Romania). Peter was joined by two younger brothers: Prince Tomislav and Prince Andrej. The crown prince became King Peter II of Yugoslavia in 1934 after the assassination of his father Alexander. In 1945, Peter lost his throne due to the Communist takeover of Yugoslavia in the aftermath of World War II.

In 1944, King Peter II of Yugoslavia married Princess Alexandra of Greece (1921-1993), the daughter of King Alexander I of the Hellenes and his wife Princess Aspasia of Greece (née Manos). King Peter and Queen Alexandra had one child, Crown Prince Alexander II of Serbia (b.1945).

Friday, October 30, 2020

Princess Hélène of France, Countess de Limburg Stirum

Princess Hélène of France and Count Evrard de Limburg Stirum.

Just as stunning as her mother, Princess Hélène of France married Count Evrard de Limburg Stirum at the Chapel Royal St Louis de Dreux, France, on January 17, 1957!

Hélène was born in Brussels in 1934, the third child of his parents. She was preceded by Isabelle and Henri. She was followed by: François, Anne, Diane, Jacques, Michel, Claude, Chantal, and Thibaut.

Count Evrard was the son of Count Thierry de Limburg Stirum and his wife the former Princess Marie-Immaculé of Croÿ. He was born at the Château d'Huldenberg, his family's ancient home, on October 31, 1927.

Thierry and Hélène had four children: Catherine (b. 1957), Thierry (b. 1959), Louis (b. 1962), and Bruno (b. 1966). They have given their parents a total of ten grandchildren!

Princess Hélène became a widow in 2001. She continues residing at Huldenberg surrounded by many of her descendants.

Count Evrard and Princess Hélène, with the Count de Clermont and the Prince of Asturias (later King Juan Carlos I of Spain).

Princess Hélène of France.

You can learn more about this very interesting royal personage by subscribing to Eurohistory and reading a detailed article in Issue CXXVIII – Winter 2020 about Princess Hélène and Count Evrard.

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Lovely Photos of Princess Geraldine of Albania with Her Crown Princely Parents

Crown Prince Leka and Crown Princess Elia of the Albanians have released several wonderful photographs of the new parents with their daughter Princess Geraldine. Enjoy!

Dear Readers,

As part of the revamping of our website, we now offer the possibility of you obtaining a subscription to our magazine through Eurohistory.com!

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EUROHISTORY: Issue CXXVIII, Volume 23.4 – Winter 2020

Nothing like being busy!

As our Fall Issue (CXXVII – Volume 23.4) is printing, we decided that it would be best to get busy with EUROHISTORY WINTER 2020 – Issue CXXVIII, Volume 23.4

Inside the last Issue of 2020 subscribers will find the following articles:

1. Victoria Milford Haven ... upon the Seventieth Anniversary of Death, by Ilana D. Miller

2. A Very Autocratic Grand Duchess: Marie Alexandrovna, by Coryne Hall

3. Obituary: Countess Maria Immaculata zu Toerring-Jettenbach (1925-2020), by Arturo E. Beéche

4. The Puppet King: Alexander of the Hellenes, by Coryne Hall

5. Who Is In the Photograph: Four Generations of the Swedish Royal Family, by Alexander Borg

6. Peggy Watson: Princess Marguerite d'Orléans...The Story of the Only American Woman To Marry into the French Royal Family, by Seth B. Leonard

7. The Wedding of Princess Hélène d'Orléans and Count Evrard de Limburg Stirum – January 17, 1957, Royal Chapel St Louis de Dreux, by Arturo E. Beéche

8. Book Reviews

9. Royal News

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Tuesday, October 27, 2020

All In The Family: King Albert and Queen Paola Meet Princess Delphine

On Sunday afternoon, King Albert of Belgium and his wife Queen Paola met with his daughter Princess Delphine at the couple's Belvédère residence.

This is the first time that King Albert has seen his daughter in at least thirty years, and it is the first occasion when Queen Paola has ever met Princess Delphine.

The following statement was released by the king, queen, and princess after the meeting.
This Sunday, October 25, a new chapter opened, filled with emotion, appeasement, understanding and, also, hope.

Our meeting took place at the Château du Belvédère, a meeting during which each of us was able to express, calmly and with empathy, our feelings and our experiences.

After the turmoil, the wounds and the suffering, comes the time for forgiveness, healing and reconciliation. This is the path, patient and at times difficult, that we have decided to take resolutely together.

These first steps open the way which it is now up to us to pursue peacefully.

Delphine, Paola and Albert

Monday, October 26, 2020

The Grand Ducal House of Hesse – Authoritative review!

To purchase:

“Royal Collections IV. The Grand Ducal House of Hesse” by Arturo E. Béeche and Ilana D Miller. (Eurohistory.com), 324 pages, illustrated throughout.

The Grand Ducal House of Hesse is among the most important of all the German dynasties, providing links to just about every other ruling family in Europe. There are particularly strong ties with Imperial Russia and the Royal family of Britain, which makes for an engrossing read.

The story begins in 1567 when the sons of Landgrave Philipp “the Magnificent” divided his vast lands among themselves. From this territorial division stem all the branches of the Hesse family. The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt became an independent Duchy that same year.

The early years are a succession of reshuffling of territories, as lands were traded, exchanged or inherited when branches of the family died out. Not until Ludwig IV (died 1626) was primogeniture established.

Darmstadt was also in the front line during various wars. The sons of the house were soldiers and patrons of the arts. Landgrave Ernest Ludwig built Wolfsgarten in the 1720s, which became beloved by later generations.

In 1806 Landgrave Ludwig X became Grand Duke Ludwig I, courtesy of Napoleon and the Confederation of the Rhine. At this time the Old Palace was built.

Schloss Heiligenberg came into the family in the time of Ludwig II. It later became the scene of many family gatherings between the Hesse and Romanov families. Ludwig’s wife Wilhelmine had a second family, believed to be fathered by August Senarclens de Grancy but officially recognised by the Grand Duke as his own. One of these children, Marie, married Alexander II of Russia; the other, Alexander, made a morganatic union with Countess Julie von Hauke and became the ancestor of the Battenberg family.

Ludwig II was succeeded by the childless Ludwig III and it was the latter’s nephew the future Ludwig IV who brought in the British connection when in 1862 he married Princess Alice, second daughter of Queen Victoria.  Their daughter Victoria married Alexander and Julie’s son Prince Louis of Battenberg and became the mother of Princess Alice (wife of Prince Andrew of Greece), Queen Louise of Sweden, George the Marquess of Milford Haven and Earl Mountbatten of Burma. Princess Alice of Greece was the mother of the Duke of Edinburgh.

The family of Alice and Ludwig IV suffered tragedy after tragedy. Two daughters, Alix (wife of Nicholas II) and Ella (wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich) met their deaths in 1918 at the hands of the Bolsheviks. Ernest Ludwig died just a month before his son George Donatus, his wife Cecile of Greece and their two sons were wiped out in an air crash in thick fog on their way to the wedding of George’s brother Ludwig and Margaret Geddes. Their third child died shortly afterwards from Meningitis. Despite all this Ludwig and Margaret (or Lu and Peg as they were known) devoted themselves to the welfare of the people of Darmstadt, becoming humanitarians and patrons of the arts. Unfortunately, their marriage remained childless and marked the end of the line. The royal turn-out for Peg’s funeral in 1997 shows how popular she was among her adopted family.

The final chapter looks at the women of the Hesse-Darmstadt family (who vastly outnumbered the males). The often-neglected female line provides the ancestors of just about every Royal family in Europe, the daughters of Landgrave Louis IX being particularly active in his respect.

The authors had the advantage of interviews with many members of the extended Hesse family, including the late Countess Mountbatten of Burma and Prince Alfred of Prussia, who provided some fascinating insights into the life of his father Prince Sigismund in Costa Rica. Prince Alfred attended a Eurohistory Conference in California in 2000 (I never forgot the sight of his queuing with the rest of us in a fast food chain).

As usual with Eurohistory, the book is packed with magnificent photos, many of them previously unpublished. They show that there was a lot of mingling between the various branches of the family, something that has often been played down more recently because of the German links The Duke of Edinburgh’s sisters all married Germans and there are some wonderful pictures of Prince Philip with his German relations, which in the U.K. we don’t often see. I found it particularly interesting to see photos of buildings in Darmstadt destroyed in the Second World War and I also spotted a rare image of a smiling Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia among a group on page 135.

The text is authoritative, well researched and easy to read. This work is a “must” for all devotees of European royal history.  A fascinating read, highly recommended.

By Coryne Hall

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Poland – Kino Nowe Horyzonty (Wroclaw)

Poland – Kino Nowe Horyzonty (Wroclaw) Poland – Kino Nowe Horyzonty (Wroclaw)

New Horizons Cinema has been operating in Wroclaw since August 31, 2012. Wroclaw’s Kino Nowe Horyzonty is a 9 screens cinema, fuelled by the energy initiated at the New Horizons International Film Festival which rules during the summer.

The cinema repertoire includes hits from world’s biggest festivals, reviews of films from around the globe (including the Asian cinema – as part of the Five Flavours Film Festival, Review of the New French Cinema, German Film Week or Cinema Italia Oggi), also LGBT+  Festival or  revues  related  to  current situation, film history courses, screenings for children, seniors or parents with toddlers. If Hollywood – only at its best. In addition, events exploiting collaborations between different types of art – e.g. Avant Art, combining alternative music with film or Miastomovie – Wroclaw’s film festival presenting architecture and urban issues through movies. Also  special  meetings  with  famous  citizens  of Wrocław.

KNH has a mission to be more of a cultural centre, a place where various initiatives, ngo organizations and communities have enough space to coexist and flourish. It is also a space for meetings, a friendly place for individual and team work. Diversity has a crucial impact on building our identity. That is why we are enthusiastic to co-organize social initiatives such as letter-writing campaign with Amnesty International, dog food collection on the occasion of Marona’s Fantastic Tale premiere (directed by Anca Damian) or charity book fairs with Children’s Hospice in Wrocław Foundation. In addition, together with Katarynka Foundation, we organized regular film screenings with audio description and subtitles for people with hearing loss.

Among various social events, we also have a special programme for our youngest viewers. We’ve developed an original education program, which contains screenings for schools with lecture beforehand and workshops after screenings. We are also hosting the Young Audience Awards, The Kids Film Festival and Jazz Morning Kids – special screening for children with live music during Jazztopad Festival. We treat the cinema’s building as a one big playground for children organizing hide and seek or paper chase games.

We are also very welcome to host in our foyer art exhibitions, unplugged concerts, fairs of home craftsmen and every other activity that has its audience in our city. We  keep our door wide open.

Find out more about Kino Nowe Horyzonty’ Ambassadors here:

Anna Sołowiej in 2021

Hanna Drzazga in 2018


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New Navy Cryptologic & Cyber Warfare Community Vision Released

By MC2 William Sykes, U.S. Fleet Cyber Command/U.S. Tenth Fleet Public Affairs ─ February 27, 2019.

Fort George G. Meade, Maryland ─ (NNS) ─ February 27, 2019. The Navy’s community leader for Cryptology and Cyber Warfare released Feb. 8 a new vision titled, “Navy Cryptologic & Cyber Warfare Community Vision” which serves as an aligning narrative for the community.

 “To generate our potential as a community, to support the Navy and nation in the ways we have been asked, we’ve got to stand on some common ground and be pointed in the same general direction,” said Vice Adm. Timothy “T.J.” White, commander, U.S. Fleet Cyber Command/ U.S. 10th Fleet (FCC/C10F) and the community leader for Navy Cryptologic Warfare Officers, Cyber Warfare Engineers, Cryptologic Technicians and the corresponding civilian communities. “We must have a notion of who we are, who we have been, who we are striving to be, and how we fit into, and lead, the larger Navy and Joint Force.”

According to the document authors, Capt. Ann Casey, FCC/C10F assistant chief of staff for innovation and capability, and Capt. Bryan Braswell, commanding officer, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station, Pacific, the new vision was the result of collaborative efforts amongst junior and senior leaders within the Navy Cryptologic and Cyber Warfare Community stationed across the globe.

“Senior leaders from across our community came together to answer the tough questions about where we see ourselves in the future,” said Casey. “We wanted to provide essential imperatives for our community to understand about the return of great power competition, as well as define the necessary values our community must live on a daily basis.”

Braswell agreed, and emphasized the increasing overlap of cyberspace, space and the electromagnetic spectrum.

“Information is increasingly a weapon of choice amongst our strategic competitors,” Braswell said. “Space, cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum are more interconnected and interdependent and our ability to agilely maneuver in and through them are critical to denying our competitors’ operational advantages. We must excel at warfare in those battle spaces to win."

According to the vision, the Navy’s Cryptologic and Cyber Warfare Community is responsible for delivering competitive outcomes in all domains of warfare through the application of Cyberspace Operations (CO), Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), and Electronic Warfare (EW). To support and defend U.S. interests, members of the Cryptologic and Cyber Warfare Community are expected to fully integrate into the Navy’s Information Warfare Community (IWC) by optimizing combat power through integrating the elements of assured command and control, battlespace awareness and integrated fires.

To read the “Navy Cryptologic & Cyber Warfare Community Vision,” click here.


text:
your guide to Europe off the beaten path

Category: United Kingdom

EHIC After Brexit: What You Need to Know

With the UK’s eventual departure from the European Union looming large, travellers on both sides of the Channel will no doubt be asking – will I soon need to buy…

With the UK’s eventual departure from the European Union looming large, travellers on both sides of the Channel will no doubt be asking – will I soon need to buy travel insurance for trips from the UK to continental Europe, and vice versa?

The reason this question is being raised is because ‘Brexit’ could well mean the UK leaves the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) scheme, which guarantees card holders free or subsidised access to state-provided healthcare wherever they travel in the European Economic Area (EEC), plus Switzerland.

With the EHIC no longer valid in the UK and no longer available to its citizens, the assumption is that travellers from Europe to the UK, and from the UK to Europe, would need travel insurance to cover any potential medical costs.

While this is true, it is wrong to think of the EHIC and travel insurance as either-or options. As things stand, travellers should carry both. The EHIC is a scheme for medical costs only. Travel insurance, whilst it includes medical cover, also protects you for a variety of other things, such as loss or theft of personal belongings and luggage, delays and cancellations to flights and other pre-arranged transport and so on.

It is also a common misapprehension that the EHIC entitles you to free healthcare. It does not, because every country in the scheme does not offer free care to its own citizens. If you travel to a country where all medical treatment is paid for, you have to pay too, regardless of carrying a EHIC card, although it is likely to be at a heavily subsidised rate. But the fact you have to pay at all is another reason why you need travel insurance as well.

Pre-existing medical conditions

Standard travel insurance medical cover is not as comprehensive as the EHIC. If you have a pre-existing medical issue, you need to be aware that travel insurance policies do not automatically cover you for treatments related to your condition. This is different to the EHIC, which covers all forms of medical assistance, whether general or specific, whether an emergency or just a check-up.

For example, if you have a lung or a heart condition and suddenly symptoms flare up while abroad, the EHIC means you can be rushed to hospital and will only be charged the domestic rate – nothing, in some countries. The same applies if you just want to visit a doctor for a once-over or a new prescription. Travel insurance, on the other hand, is designed mainly to cover general illness, accidents and emergencies. Standard policies will not pay out on treatment for specific conditions.

This is something to be aware of if you suffer from a long-standing illness and have been used to relying on the EHIC, if and when it is no longer used in the UK. To get adequate protection, you will need to source a bespoke travel insurance policy that includes your condition in its medical schedule. There are many specialist providers out there who cater for people with pre-exisiting conditions, who offer good value and comprehensive protection for your specific needs.

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The Best Scottish Food: 7 Must-Try Dishes

Since it has a reputation of being very peculiar, Scottish food is severely underrated. The common misconception is that the traditional dishes are hard to get used to if you’re…

Since it has a reputation of being very peculiar, Scottish food is severely underrated. The common misconception is that the traditional dishes are hard to get used to if you’re a foreigner.

In reality, people in Scotland have created an authentic and exciting cuisine that should be experienced by every foodie. They have combined old traditional dishes with some more modern influences and it resulted in incredibly tasty food.

With a variety of different flavors, coming both from meat and vegan ingredients, it is suitable for absolutely everyone. Don’t forget about the desserts either!

Here’s a list of some of our top picks when it comes to Scottish food. The unique dishes made from fresh, local produce are a gastronomical adventure you must have in your lifetime!

The Best Scottish Food – 7 Must-Try Dishes

This dish always tops the lists of Scottish specialties. The one and only, unmissable haggis is synonymous with Scottish food and tradition.

This well-known delicacy is described as a meat pudding or a crumbly sausage. Even though it doesn’t look very appealing, the rich texture and flavor of haggis are its main traits.

It is made with minced sheep’s pluck, onions, oatmeal and spices as basic ingredients. Everyone adds a personal touch or a secret spice that makes it different, but it usually has a peppery taste. That mixture is then traditionally prepared inside the sheep’s stomach.

To paint the picture of how much Scots love haggis, take the example of their national poet Robert Burns. He loved haggis so much, that he wrote a poem dedicated to it called Address to a Haggis. Now, every year, Scots celebrate him and their national dish in one event called the Burns dinner.

This is something you must try if you want to feel like a true Scot for a moment. Also, if a dish inspired poetry, it must be something special!

Scotch Pie

If you’re a fan of pies, especially pot pies, this specialty is something you must try. The Scots make one of the world’s most delicious pies, made with mutton meat, nutmeg and gravy.

Scotch pie is typical Scottish fast food. Don’t be surprised if you hear people calling it football pie, since it’s often eaten during half-times of football matches. They are served alongside a drink called bovril – a beef extract diluted with hot water.

If you’d like to try the absolute best Scotch pies, visit The Piemaker in Edinburgh. They even have something called the Scotch Haggis pie!

The Scots take their food pretty seriously, so, naturally, there are competitions involved. Each year, the Scotch Pie Club hosts something called the World Scotch Pie Championship. Keep an eye on the list of winners and try some of the best ones!

Here’s a little something to satisfy everyone’s sweet tooth. Cranachan is Scotland’s traditional dessert, which contains one of everyone’s favorite Scottish exports – whiskey!

The word pudding in Scotland could have a different meaning than what you’re usually used to. However, in this case, we’re talking about a real, sweet, creamy pudding, but made special by authentic ingredients.

Even though it’s rather easy to make, Scots argue that you just can’t make real cranachan in another country. The raspberries aren’t as fresh, the quality of oats is incomparable and Scottish heather honey is far from regular honey.

Pretty much any restaurant serving traditional Scottish food also has good cranachan. So, if you’re in the mood for something simple, but tasty and refreshing, you know what to order!

Even though the Scots didn’t invent salmon, this fish is Scotland’s biggest food export. You can be sure that the salmon you eat in Scotland is not imported, but fresh and local.

Scottish Wild Salmon has been designated Protected Geographical Indication. That means that the EU picked it as an extraordinary product and is making sure it’s produced in a certain way.

Luckily for all fish lovers, Scotland is full of amazing seafood restaurants. If you’d like to take some home, supermarkets in Scotland have amazing smoked salmon, which is just as good!

Cullen Skink

This dish is perfect for those cold winter months, since it’s essentially a creamy soup. It is bound to brighten up any glum chilly day and remind you of a nice home cooked meal.

Cullen skink is made with smoked haddock, potatoes and milk and seasoned with a unique blend of spices. It has an unforgettable smoky flavor while the potatoes add some softness to the dish. If you’ve ever tried clam chowder and loved it, this will win you over as well.

Like we mentioned before, the Scots are famous for their amazing fish. This dish will satisfy all your senses and give you that nostalgic feeling of grandma’s home!

This buttery biscuit is an ideal snack alongside a hot cup of tea. It is a classic when it comes to Scottish food and it has been the most popular biscuit for centuries. It is associated with Christmas and Hogmanay (day before the New Year), but it can be enjoyed all year round!

Even though it’s very easy to find nowadays, shortbread used to be a luxury. They were only given as Christmas presents or, if you’re a new bride, they would break one over your head!

This Scottish dessert is easy to make, so if you’re into baking, you’re in luck. The crumbly  biscuits were once described as “the jewel in the crown of Scottish baking”. Even though the basic ones are only made with butter, sugar and flour, they’re mouth-watering!

Those who aren’t bakers can get these at souvenir shops and supermarkets. If you’d like to try the best there is, go for the Walkers Shortbread!

Sticky Toffee Pudding

It tastes just as good as it sounds! Once again, this isn’t what most people would recognize as a pudding, but Scottish cuisine has its own rules.

This delicious dessert consists of a moist sponge cake, dates and toffee sauce. It is served with a scoop of vanilla ice cream, which only brings out the toffee more.

The pudding can be found in most pubs and restaurants, since it’s a staple comfort dish. There’s a reason why this dessert is loved by everyone who tries it, so give it a taste!

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10 Alternative Places in London And What They Offer

Why visit alternative places in London when you can be strolling through some of London’s best museums? Don’t get me wrong, when I visit a new place  I always do…

Why visit alternative places in London when you can be strolling through some of London’s best museums?

Don’t get me wrong, when I visit a new place  I always do all the touristy things. But to really get a feel for the place, you need to find places where the locals love to frequent. Sometimes we all need a bit of quietness and don’t want to be surrounded by big crowds with selfie sticks.

When you start frequenting the more alternative places in London (or in any other city that you visit) is when the real fun begins. This is the reason why I compiled my list of the more alternative places in London!

Freud’s Museum

Freud Museum

Photo: Freud Museum by Matt Brown on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

You can tell a lot about a person by their apartment. When you step into the Freud Museum,  you step into his home. Therefore you get a chance to peek into the private space of world’s most famous psychoanalyst.

After fleeing from the Nazis, Sigmund Freud and his family made Hempstead their new home. In this house, he has produced some of the most noteworthy works in the field of psychology. Everything in his Hempstead home remained the way he left it. The interior was decorated due to the help of Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud’s daughter.

You can see the waiting room, his study, and the famous couch! The museum offers an all-around insight into his cultural environment much as the trajectory of the development of psychoanalysis.

2. Barbican Conservatory

Photo: Barbican Conservatory by Sascha Pohflepp on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

Barbican Conservatory is the second biggest conservatory in London. The building is also one of the finest examples of brutalist architecture, therefore, an interesting choice for a conservatory. One of the things that makes it special, is that this little green oasis is hidden in the midst of London. It houses over 2,000 species of tropical plants, trees and various exotic fish. If you want to be surrounded by tranquillity and escape the crowds of London – this is the perfect hideout.

It has amazing exhibitions and workshops throughout the year, so keep an eye out for interesting events.  The only downside of this place is that it’s only open on Sundays!

3. the Indian YMCA

Lamb curry

Photo: Lamb curry by pelican on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

By all accounts, the Indian YMCA is an institution. They’ve existed around 60 years and during all those years they’ve created an impeccable reputation and they uphold it to present day.  So what do you get at the Indian YMCA? The best and most affordable Indian food in all of London.

Notoriously known for their curries (they offer vegetarian and non-vegetarian options). Everything is cooked home-style and spiced accordingly. A number of different dishes, all with rich aromas and low prices. Consequently, you will definitely find yourself coming back during your stay in London.

4. Trinity Buoy Wharf

Trinity Buoy Wharf

Photo: Trinity Buoy Wharf by k_tjaaa on Flickr (under CC)

First of all, Trinity Buoy Wharf was just another engineering establishment (iron buoys). Since the late ’90s, it transformed into another center for the arts and creative hubs. What makes Trinity Buoy Wharf a fascinating place?

It is the origin of Container city and home to London’s only lighthouse!

Container City is a new model of eco-friendly building design! Recycled shipping containers are used as living and working quarters. The Container City now counts over 70 containers. In addition to being good for the environment seems like it’s even more beneficial for your wallet!

London’s only lighthouse is interesting due to its unusual purpose. Jem Finer developed a musical composition that has been played since the 31st of December 1999. The composition will continue with no repeat until the year of 2999. You might think that listening to a 20 minute and 20 seconds piece would get tiring (and you’d be right!) but this piece is using an algorithm. The algorithm gives a large number of variations therefore making the composition to go in improvised directions.

If you want to find out more about the Trinity Buoy Wharf click here.

5. Jack The Ripper Tour

East end alley

Photo: East end alley by Jennifer Woodard Maderazo on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

This tour is not for the faint-hearted. It is taking you on the route of the notorious Jack the Ripper, a murderer that terrorized the streets of East End London. The 125-year-old murder mystery to this day baffles world-class crime investigators and historians. This tour transports you onto the streets of 19th century East End.

Explore the gruesome details of East End’s dark cobbled streets and dimly lit passageways. The whole route is constructed as an investigation, as a result, making you feel as if you fell into a Victorian detective novel.

6. Speakeasy Bars

Photo: Aviation by Adrian Scottow on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

I am obsessed with speakeasy bars. The better hidden, the better. If they have a password which is hard to come by I am particularly amused. The charm of speakeasy bars stems from a multitude of reasons. First of all, all that playing around with hidden locations, entrances cleverly disguised as phone booths brings out our inner child. Secondly, it feels as if you’re a part of some secret club as if you’re in on a secret. It makes every night out that much special.

When coming to a new city – I always try to find out what’s their take on a speakeasy bar. London doesn’t disappoint!

The Mayor of Scaredy Cat Town is hidden under the Breakfast Club on Artillery Lane. The Breakfast Club looks like a typical New York breakfast place. If you’re in for more than a breakfast ask the waitress to see the Mayor. You will be led to the entrance. The entrance is hidden in a fridge! The underground bar serves brunch and delicious cocktails.

Other very popular speakeasies are Evans & Peel Detective Agency, the Experimental Cocktail Club & the Nightjar.

7. Magic Circle Museum at the Centre for Magic Arts

17/365: i could be your magician

Photo by Jin on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

A secretive group of illusionists who made London a centre of magic (yes, way before the-Boy-Who-Lived) swore to keep their magic a secret. While we aren’t privy to their illusion tricks we are allowed to take a peek. As a result, the Magic Circle Museum is opened! The impressive collection has a number of interesting illusionist’s tools. Some of them are the same guns used in bullet illusions or pieces from Houdini’s act. Make sure to see some of their magic acts!

8. Chislehurst Caves

A church service in Chislehurst Caves during World War 2, recreated with wax figures

Photo: A church service in Chislehurst Caves by Ben Sutherland on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

Chislehurst Caves are chalk caves that were mined by hand for over 8000 years. They were mined for flint and lime, and later on served as an ammunition depot during First World War. The 8000 years old history is divided into Druid, Roman and Saxon times. But nowadays they opened up new passageways which guide you through time to present day! It is especially interesting to visit during Halloween due to their special events!

If you want to find out more about Chislehurst Caves click here.

9. British Library’s Treasures Gallery

The Sir John Ritblat Treasures aka the British Library’s Treasures Gallery is one of the most popular museums among the Londoners. It covers 2000 years of history! What makes it so interesting is the rather eclectic collection. You can find anything from Da Vinci’s or Jane Austen’s notebooks, Magna Carta to the Beatles’ lyrics.

Time Out magazine described the British Library’s Treasures Gallery as “The Holy grail for history buffs.”

10.  The Wellcome Collection

Wellcome Collection

And I saved best for last! The permanent exhibition of Henry Wellcome’s amazing objects features the history of science and medicine in a rather interesting and fun way. In addition to the permanent collection, there are a lot of great temporary exhibitions as well. They cover a vast array of universal topics, such as sex, sleep and death.

The Wellcome’s collection of weird objects won’t let your excitement fade away. Therefore you will find random objects such as Napoleon’s toothbrush, a DNA sequencing robot, an ancient mummy, Darwin’s walking stick and much more.

If you want to find out more info about the Wellcome Collection click here.

Also, don’t forget to check out these 5 places to visit in UK besides London.

What is your favourite quirky spot in London? Share in the comments!

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5 Places To Visit In UK Besides London

This is a guest post by Craig of My Gay Globe. You can also follow his adventures on Twitter. Those heading to the United Kingdom often head to the cosmopolitan…

This is a guest post by Craig of My Gay Globe. You can also follow his adventures on Twitter.

Those heading to the United Kingdom often head to the cosmopolitan capital. London is a magnificent city but there are numerous fantastic destinations to explore beyond Europe’s largest urban area. Here are five incredible places to visit in UK besides London;

Manchester Canal Scene at Night

Photo: Manchester Canal Scene at Night by Smabs Sputzer on Flickr (under CC 2.0 licence)

This northern powerhouse is often cited as the UK’s second city. Famed for its rich industrial heritage, today Manchester is thriving with world-class music venues, an array of bars and restaurants and a burgeoning tourist scene in its own right. Culture is high on the agenda here.

The impressive Whitworth Gallery set amidst verdant gardens and The People’s History Museum, charting the history and important figures of Manchester, are just two of the many to visit. The Northern Quarter is the city’s premier entertainment region with excellent pubs and restaurants to match.

Causeway at low tide.

Photo: Causeway at low tide by Simon Harrod on Flickr (under CC 2.0 licence)

Nestled in the rugged south western corner of England is the stunning region of Cornwall.  The mystical home of King Arthur is rather isolated from the rest of the UK and thus remains delightfully unspoiled. There are countless coves and beaches and areas of natural beauty to be explored. A few of Cornwall’s must-see localities include Porthcurno, Wheal Coates and Penzance.

Travel to the very edge of the country at Land’s End or head to Bodmin Moor to make the most of the enigmatic expanse of this impressive area of natural beauty. Cornwall is also ideally suited to those who enjoy outdoor pursuits. Rock climbing and surfing opportunities are ubiquitous and there are plenty of hiking trails for those who want to remain on terra firma.

Brighton P310 170717 -045

Photo: Brighton by Peter Rowley on Flickr (under CC 2.0 licence)

Located just 50 miles south of London is the charming but lively seaside town of Brighton. Known for its lefty politics and LGBT community, Brighton is home to one of the country’s most vibrant bar and restaurants scenes. The North and South Laine are a cavernous collection of shops and cafes located in a range of small streets and alleys which give Brighton its kitsch and cool vibe.

The beach, of course, attacks big crowds in the summer. However, the ample beach space means a 15-minute walk from the central area near the iconic pier and you’ll be able to find your own spot of serenity.

The Cam river

Photo: The Cam River by Francisco Anzola on Flickr (under CC 2.0 licence)

This stunning university town is famed for its classical architecture, historic market square and quaint cafes, shops and bars. Cambridge is best explored by bike and the city boasts an extensive cycle network – if you prefer, the city centre is very walkable, though you might need to use the excellent transport networks to reach some of the peripheries of the city.

The university is the principal attraction here and is actually a collection of independent colleges. Some of the more interesting and opulent are Queens’ College, King’s College and Trinity College.

Museum and cultural attractions are not in short supply here and The Fitzwilliam Museum and The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences are two of the best.

The River Cam is the lifeblood of Cambridge and a hub of activity in the summer months. Either take to the water for a spot of punting and rowing or enjoy the grassy banks with some prosecco and sandwiches and enjoy the delights of this sleepy but seductive university city.

Old Royal High

Photo: Old Royal High by Magnus Hagdorn on Flickr (under CC 2.0)

Scotland’s traditionally Celtic capital is one of the UK’s finest cities and has plenty to offer those who choose to visit north of the border. Most of the activity is based around Edinburgh’s historic centre. The city’s Medieval heartland is famed for the magnificent Edinburgh Castle, the Palace of Holyrood and the home of the Scottish Parliament.

Many of the best sites are located on the famous Royal Mile around which much of the ancient city was constructed. Adjacent to the Old Town is the New Town – where you’ll be privy to the city’s newest and hippest bars and restaurants as well as plenty of shops selling everything from clothes to books.

Once you’ve had your fill of the pubs and museums, Edinburgh is ideally situated for exploring further afield and seeing more of Scotland. You can reach Glasgow in under an hour and there are plenty of smaller, authentic Scottish towns which make for the perfect half-day trip.

Convinced? Check out Momondo for cheap flights to the UK and EuroTribe’s guide on finding cheap accommodation.

Featured photo: by Joe Reed on Unsplash

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11 Fantastic Activities You Can Do In Edinburgh

Edinburgh is one of Europe’s most fascinating cities offering a plenty of activities to do on a regular basis. The Old and New Town of Edinburgh are listed on the…

Edinburgh is one of Europe’s most fascinating cities offering a plenty of activities to do on a regular basis. The Old and New Town of Edinburgh are listed on the UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites and the city also has excellent entertainment options.

Here are 11 fantastic activities you can do in Edinburgh;

Visit the Queen’s official Scottish residence, the Palace of Holyroodhouse

The Palace of Holyrood House is famous for being the 16th-century home of Mary, Queen of Scots and also where the Queen spends her ‘Holyrood Week’ at the end of June/beginning of July each year. Regardless of your opinions of the Royal’s, it’s still a splendid piece of history to experience.

Holyroodhouse and the Abbey ruins, Edinburgh, Scotland

Go for some retail therapy at the one and only Princes Street

With huge flagship stores and a beautiful view of Edinburgh Castle, Princes Street is definitely one of the most fabulous shopping spots in the whole world. It also has a great choice of bars and restaurants.

Princes Street, Edinburgh

Take a climb up Arthur’s Seat

The highest point of Edinburgh’s Holyrood Park is Arthur’s Seat, an ancient, now extinct volcano which sits at precisely 251m above sea level. On a good day, you can get amazing views across Edinburgh and beyond. It’s also much recommended to watch the sunrise from here as it’s absolutely breathtaking.

Grab a beer at the infamous Hanging Bat

With an ever-changing range of beers brought to Edinburgh from the world’s finest and sought-after breweries worldwide, a trip to The Hanging Bat is not to be missed out. You could even have the chance to brew your own beer!

Take a spin around Knockhill Racecourse

More of a thrill-seeker? Then Knockhill Racecource is one of the best driving experience days Scotland has to offer! A must visit for all motor sports fans with events running from February until December.

Appreciate Edinburgh’s spectacular skyline for free

You can head up to the National Museum of Scotland‘s rooftop to take in the panoramic, scenic views of Edinburgh’s skyline. Bonus if it’s a clear day because you can see for miles.

National Museum of Scotland

Visit the fascinating Camera Obscura

Are optical illusions appealing or just plain annoying? Regardless of whether they’re your thing or not, there’s something for everyone at Camera Obscura. The attraction is one of the oldest experience days Scotland has to encounter and also has amazing rooftop views with free telescopes.

Take a stroll around Princes Street Gardens

Princes Street Gardens divides Edinburgh’s old town from its new town giving it historical significance as well as cultural significance. As well as being a relaxing spot, the gardens also host a big wheel, a carousel bar and a Christmas market seasons pending.

Explore art, comedy and culture at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival

The multi-cultural festival showcases 50,266 performances of 3,269 shows across 294 venues! The Edinburgh Fringe Festival is the largest arts festival in the world and runs from the 4th until the 28th of August showcasing the best of theatre, arts, comedy and more.

edinburgh festival

Visit the Archivists’ Garden

Visit this beautiful place and see 57 different types of plants, all connected to Scotland’s collective memory. Often missed by tourists this place is just a few minutes away from the busy Princes Street. The admission to the garden is free. If you want to spend a quiet day, away from the bustle of the city life you can also visit the Royal Botanic Garden.

Go to Summerhall

Summerhall is the cultural heart of Edinburgh. Here you’ll find a plenty of things to see and do – art exhibitions, gigs, films, workshops, concerts etc. The Summerhall shop has many interesting items created by the artists in residence.

You can find a cheap flight to Edinburgh on Momondo.

Photos: 2, 3, 4, 5
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