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« December 2011 | Main | February 2012 »

January 2012 posts

12 year old gastric sleeve patient. I have no words.

From Dr. Alvarez, "Amazing "before and after" slideshow where Betsy, who had the gastric sleeve procedure at 12, shows her weight loss journey and results."

You bet I am torn about this.

I've met the surgeon who performed the surgery, several times... he's a lovely person with superb skill.  He's awfully cute as well.  (Of course I can't find the photo of us.)  BUT I DIGRESS.

However.  12 years old?  I can't get my 12 year old to shower on a predictable basis - how on EARTH would I get him to follow through with the long-term care and feeding of a bariatric surgery procedure?

Is it worth it to step in and thwart the long term effects of obesity at a very young age -- or are we screwing with an adolescents development?

I am torn.  Very.

PS. I suppose I should mention? The little girl is the niece of her surgeon. Wait, what? Right. She's got a bariatric surgeon in the family -- whereas some of us can't get one on the phone.  Dr. A, will you adopt me?

Torn.  Very.

Building Blocks Essential Bariatric Vitamins Coupon Code for MM Readers!

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Building Blocks Vitamin-Essential Bariatric Supplements is dedicated to providing a quality product designed especially for the bariatric patient. Made with the highest bio-available ingredients, we offer a complete product line of bariatric specific formulated vitamins and minerals.

Yeah, yeah... we know.  BUT --

Have you heard about Building Blocks Vitamins?  And have you tried them?  Please do!

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Personally, I love the Multiple Mixed Berry Multivitamin, Orange Calcium, and ADORE the sublingual B12 spray

Here's a super opportunity for Melting Mama readers to try a selection of Building Blocks Vitamins at a huge discount.

Order a 30 day supply of selected vitamins and receive -

Don't forget to join Building Blocks online at -

Man loses 270 on his own with no weight loss surgery. (Hot dayum.)

Source - CNN

Regardless of your feelings of the whole "he did it without surgery" aspect of these stories in the media -- IT REALLY DOESN'T MATTER -- CAUSE?  Weight loss is weight loss.  Weight loss is not easy no matter what route you choose.  He simply chose a different path than we did.

As someone nearing eight years post weight loss surgery, I  seem to respect weight loss without the aid of surgery more -- because it's SO MUCH HARDER when you can eat.  I'm at the stage where I can almost eat a normal amount of food, and it is no longer "easy."   I have to consider my choices -- and sometimes -- I have to "diet," too.

HE. FREAKING. DID. IT.  It doesn't matter HOW.  We are all one in this.

Shut up and respect that.   Look at him!

Drama Llama - How To Be Drama Free?!

Did you ever notice a pattern is the drama surrounding you at WORK -- at HOME -- or even ONLINE?  *shameful look*  Um, yes. /shameful look

Did you ever notice it might have something to do with... you?  It often does.  So?  What to do about it?

How to be DRAMA FREE!  Start with yourself.
via - http://www.workhappynow.com/2011/09/how-to-be-drama-fre-start-with-yourself/

(Gulp.  This hurts.)

Blame Game

It’s easy to blame drama on others.  After all, you’re the good guy in these dynamics; why don’t they get it?

One of the most difficult challenges for aspiring leaders is to “own their stuff”—to acknowledge that they are equally responsible for creating any situation where drama exists.

Four Energy-draining Personalities

Most drama is caused by four primary energy-draining personalities that sabotage workplace collaboration and synergy:

  • Complainer -- The Complainer is the one who is never at fault – not enough time, resources or support.
  • Controller -- The Controller has to be in charge – perhaps micromanaging, sometimes being the bully.
  • Cynic -- The Cynic must be right; often pointing out how others’ ideas will never work and making fun of the person who brought it up.
  • Caretaker -- The Caretaker wants to be liked so much that they say yes to everything, which becomes a problem when they bite off more than they can chew and they miss deadlines.

(Which one are YOU?  I am a mix of all of them, but mainly Cynical -- I pick everything apart.  Mr.  MM is a Controller/Complainer.  Unfortunately.  This is a fail on my part -- I'm working on it. -MM)

 How do I help others change? But, we have found that before you can guide others, you have to take inventory of your interaction strengths and the ways you sabotage relationships. The strength inventory is usually easy. It’s fun to appreciate your talent and amazing ability to do what you do. The sabotage inventory is more difficult. It requires the vulnerability and courage to seek others’ candid observations and advice about your behavior.

Watch Yourself

Taking my own advice, I asked myself what my part was in creating the drama. I wondered which Drama personalities I was using that were sabotaging us. I noticed how I had fallen into Complainer. I didn’t have enough time to do everything he asked and his requests were too hard. I realized that I would have micromanaged someone acting the way I was. Then I saw my Cynic. The enthusiasm I had at the beginning of the project had become critical… I saw everything wrong with what we were doing, but didn’t offer any suggestions to change. Once I saw myself in these drama roles, I could shift into taking responsibility – renegotiating our deadlines and making suggestions for how we could change the writing to be better.

By identifying and correcting the four drama roles (Complainer, Controller, Cynic, Caretaker), you are well on your way to eliminating drama. If you want even more clarity, invite your work colleagues, family members, and friends to give you timely, direct feedback.

Quick Drama Reducing Tips

Here is a quick way to start looking at how these drama roles show up for you.  Ask friends and coworkers (or others!):

  • Where do you see me complaining? Not taking responsibility for my situation?
  • Where do you see me controlling? Taking over and micromanaging?
  • Where do you see be being cynical? Discounting others or being sarcastic?
  • Where do you seem me care-taking? Rescuing others instead of letting them do things on their own?

Okay.  Maybe it will take some time.  Don't attack me with all of them at once.  LOL.

via - http://www.workhappynow.com/2011/09/how-to-be-drama-fre-start-with-yourself/

Need reminders?  I do.

Here's a nifty list from Drama-Stoppers - LIVING DRAMA FREE

  • 1) Treat others the way you want to be treated.
  • 2) Keep what’s most important, MOST important... good relationships with family and friends matter MORE than material things.
  • 3) Be CAREFUL what you say. Cussing and foul language is mean and nasty.  (I uh...well.)
  • 4) No matter how old you are, listen and obey your mom and dad. Show them the RESPECT they deserve.  (Fine.  *pout*)
  • 5) Don’t fight/bully people. Violence is NEVER the answer.
  • 6) Stay TRUE. Be a person who keeps your word. Don’t cheat on the people you’ve made a COMMITMENT to.
  • 7) Stealing isn’t cool. If it doesn’t BELONG to you, don’t take it. If it doesn't BELONG to you and you find it, turn it in.
  • 8) Lying and gossiping will get you NOWHERE. Be CAREFUL what you say...
  • 9) Don’t be a HATER. Be HAPPY with what YOU have.
  • 10) Get enough rest so that your tiredness doesn’t EFFECT your mood and judgment.

Dr. Oz - The Gastric Surgery You Should (Maybe not) Be Getting

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Dr. Oz tells us today on his show that there's a Gastric Surgery We Should Be Getting.

*sideways eyeball*  Really, Dr. Oz?  I *know* that I am a few pounds from qualifying for a Lap-Band, but, uh... don't rub it in.

Update - I was totally wrong.  Oz suggests the Gastric Bypass.  He makes a huge sales pitch for the procedure, pulls out a brilliantly happy one-week post op whose diabetes has gone into remission and closes the sale on a "meh" unhappy 10 YEAR post op who had some regain.

This was a mini-infomercial.

There was NOT NEARLY enough information regarding all the options for bariatric surgery, if any, and ZERO information regarding ANY OF THE POSSIBLE LONG TERM EFFECTS OF THE GASTRIC BYPASS.

Shame on you, Oz.

PS.  Now I know also how to "sleep my way thin."  Seriously?

Original post --

The clip suggests there is an underused method of preventing and curing lots of the co-morbid conditions of obesity, and that the surgery can be done on lower weight individuals.  The clip shows images of three options:  Gastric Banding, Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass and the Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy.  Not shown:  the duodenal switch, which I assume would be the most underused at least here in the United States.   The clip makes it sound like the option could be banding -- because of the suggestion of using this surgery on lower BMI patients.  Hopefully, Dr. Oz gives all procedures a mention, and explains the realistic risks and benefits of all.

Check out Dr. Oz today -- it's on at various times -- check your local TV schedule.

More protein, better flavor?

Ad text reads, "you talk, we listen, more protein, better flavor!"  I hope so.

Proteinex is a high-protein supplement that you take in tiny two tablespoon doses.

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Shall we give it a go?

THROW YOUR SCALE. Throw mine. Please.

I am several days into journaling my food intake.

This is what I do when I get on the scale and scream -- I stop, drop and immediately start writing down WHAT IS GOING IN MY MOUTH FOR CRYING OUT LOUD!

I recently gained weight, after maintaining for what felt like forever.

My last legit weigh in that I posted was in the summer.

Continue reading "THROW YOUR SCALE. Throw mine. Please." »

$3000 Wellesse New Healthy You Sweepstakes! Help the OAC!

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Enter now for your chance to win everything you need to help you on your way to losing weight from Wellesse!

This is an AWESOME contest, GET ON THIS!  Quickly!  (Like, now, please.)

  • The Grand Prize includes a Treadmill or Elliptical or
  • Fitness club membership
  • Plus a Zumba DVD to melt away the pounds
  •  And a BodyMedia® FIT system to measure your progress.
  • And, don't forget Wellesse supplements to get the essential nutrients you need every day!

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There are four easy ways to enter:

 Click here to register now

 Visit Wellesse on Facebook and follow the on screen links including choosing to "Like" Wellesse.

 You can also visit the Wellesse Twitter page and follow the onscreen links
including choosing to become a "follower" and re-tweeting.

  1. Become a follower of the @Wellesse brand on Twitter at http://twitter.com/Wellesse.
  2. Retweet this message: Achieve a New Year New You with the get healthy grand prize from @Wellesse worth $3,000! Follow and RT to enter: http://ow.ly/8zjAL
  3. Between January 19, 2012 at 9:00 a.m. PDT and February 1, 2012 at Noon PDT and you will be automatically entered in the Giveaway.

 Like to blog? Then visit the Wellesse Vital to Health and Wellness blog and follow instructions to enter.

Plus!  Wellesse Will Help Support the Obesity Action Coalition!

Wellesse will donate up $.25 to OAC for every new Facebook Like or Twitter Follower up to $1,000!

The Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) is an IRS registered 501(c)3 National non-profit organization dedicated to educating and advocating on behalf of the more than 93 million Americans affected by obesity.  To learn more about OAC and join today, please visit www.obesityaction.org or call (800) 717-3117.

Go enter now for your chance to win everything you need to help you on your way to losing weight from Wellesse!

Hit the slopes on MM - Family Four Pack to Killington Resort, VT

Allow me to live vicariously through you?  Go skiing.  On me and Killington Resort.  A family four-pack of tickets to Killington could be yours!

Killington Resort, known as “The Beast of the East,” is open for the 2011-2012 winter season and ready for skiers and riders! Nestled in the heart of Vermont’s Green Mountains, Killington’s elevation delivers optimal temperatures for snowfall, whether from Mother Nature or made by 2,000 snow guns across the resort. Terrain is expertly groomed, providing riders of all ability levels a choice of diverse skiing areas, including wide-open or narrow runs, moguls, steeps, and 16 tree skiing areas. Killington also offers multiple terrain parks for snowboarders and freeskiers, as well as off-mountain activities like the all-new, lift served Killington Tubing Park; dog sledding; cross country skiing; snowshoeing; ice skating; and snowmobiling.

To enter for the family four-pack of tickets -

Thanks and good luck!

I'm going black for #STOPSOPA

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Tomorrow, I'm blacking out my site in support of STOPSOPA.

This bill would establish a system for taking down websites that the Justice Department determines to be dedicated to copyright infringment.

The DoJ or the copyright owner would be able to commence a legal action against any site they deem to have "only limited purpose or use other than infringement," and the DoJ would be allowed to demand that search engines, social networking sites and domain name services block access to the targeted site.

It would also make unauthorized web streaming of copyrighted content a felony with a possible penalty up to five years in prison.

This bill combines two separate Senate bills -- S.968 and S.978 -- into one big House bill.

Wikipedia -

Opponents say that it violates the First Amendment,[7] is Internet censorship,[8] will cripple the Internet,[9] and will threaten whistle-blowing and other free speech actions.[7][10]

Opponents have initiated a number of protest actions, including petition drives, boycotts of companies that support the legislation, and planned service blackouts by major Internet companies scheduled to coincide with the next Congressional hearing on the matter.

Join me.

Bariatric Advantage High Protein Meal Replacement in Chicken Broth

Savory protein for the win.

Well, hello there protein.  How have you been?

 I'm in that precarious spot that I seem to find in the winter.

Hibernation mode.  (It happens.)

I have gained a few pounds -- about 5-7 lbs -- which triggers my internal post WLS alarm that SCREAMS "CUT IT OUT!  You know better, woman!"  Weight gain sparks me to pay attention to what I am doing each day.

What have I DONE to cause this?  What has slipped into my routine that wasn't there before?

It's pretty clear this time, but I refuse to allow it to get out of control.  (That is another post.)

What do I DO about it?  OMG! SCREAM?!  Freak out on Facebook!?  No.  For me, cutting back a little is easy-peasy.  I may replace a few excess calories with protein shakes -- for one thing.  (See also:  biting off my husband's head for the baking of the sweet-carbs!)

Today I cracked open a container of Bariatric Advantage's High Protein Meal Replacement in Chicken Broth flavor.

WAIT.  KEEP READING.  Don't you go clicking away 'cause you done think hot protein is ewwyucky!  You might have had a Bad Experience With Another Savory Protein Brand, but hear me out.

It's good.  Really.

I opened the container, assuming I'd be too distracted with the protein smell to go ahead with the taste-test, but that didn't happen.  Score one.  The protein powder is a very light yellow color with specks of what appears to be the tiniest herbs you have ever seen.  It smells like chicken boullion powder or cubes, and a bit of whey protein.  My nose was not offended, I carried on.

I added two scoops of the powder for 150 calories and 27 grams of protein, to a BlenderBottle near-filled with water warmed in the microwave.

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 I allowed the water to cool just slightly -- in case of protein malfunction.  The water was nice and warm when I added the protein and BlenderBall.  I shook it very, very well.  Again, a reason to NOT OVERHEAT YOUR WATER OR YOUR PROTEIN.

What resulted was a slightly creamy chicken protein soup.  Due to the fact that it's a protein replacement -- it's not entirely clear like typical chicken BROTH.  It tastes just the same:  creamy chicken boullion.  There is zero aftertaste of protein, and I am very pleased.

To be honest - however - I had prepared a little bit of chicken boullion to ADD to this protein replacement JUST IN CASE I did not enjoy it.  (Because, I haven't always had a good experience with savory proteins -- and I do not like to waste.)

I added a touch of the broth after a few sips, and it was A FREAKING AMAZING with it.  That said, I am a salt-fiend.  I adore the creamy, buttery flavor of a boullion cube, and that mixed with the protein, kicks arse.

I love you chicken high protein meal replacement.

The details -- you get 27 grams of protein and 5 grams of fiber in one two-scoop serving of this meal replacement:

Nutrient Amount % DV
Calories 150
Protein 27 g 54%
Carbohydrate 8 g 3%
Fiber 5 g 20%
Sugars 0.5 g
Fat 1.5 g 3%
Saturated Fat 1 g 5%
Cholesterol <5 mg 1%
Potassium 180 mg 5%
Sodium 1300 mg 54%
Vitamin A     50%
Vitamin D     50%
Vitamin E     50%
Vitamin K     50%
Vitamin C     50%
B1     50%
B2     50%
B6     50%
B12     50%
Niacin     50%
Biotin     50%
Pantothenic Acid     50%
Folic Acid     50%
Calcium     15%
Copper     50%
Iodine     50%
Iron     35%
Chromium     50%
Magnesium     20%
Phosphorus     15%
Zinc     50%
Selenium     50%
Manganese     50%
Molybdenum     50%
Nutrition information is per 1 serving.

Bariatric Advantage says --

The Bariatric Advantage High Protein Meal Replacement soup comes in a 21 serving tub with a measured scoop to make accurate dispensing easy. Each 150 calorie serving provides a full 27 grams of protein, with only 7 grams of carbohydrate (of which 4 grams are fiber, and less than a gram is sugar) and 1.5 grams of fat. One hundred percent of the protein is from a high quality whey protein isolate (There is no soy protein, only a small amount of soy lecithin to mask aftertaste). Fortified with between 15 and 50 percent of the DV for 23 essential vitamins and minerals, this comforting soup makes a perfect meal replacement for those seeking to control calories.

They're right.  It's good.  It's good for us.

I would certainly give it a try if you're seeking a savory option to your sweet or fruity shakes.  This product is perfect for pre-operative eating plans, and early post op.  It's way better than a can of cream of chicken soup.

  • Product - Bariatric Advantage High Protein Meal Replacement - Chicken Broth
  • From - Bariatric Advantage
  • Price - $2.85 per serving
  • Pros - 27 grams of protein, 150 calories, 5 grams of fiber... in a comforting, savory broth blend.
  • Cons -
  • Rating - Pouchworthy, MM

Paula Deen. I will not snark. I will not snark.

Paula.  Paula.  Paula.  Did you know that weight loss surgery, particularly the roux-en-y gastric bypass, is a widely-used treatment for Type II Diabetes?  /end ad

How did we not see this coming?

Continue reading "Paula Deen. I will not snark. I will not snark." »


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Souper Bowl of Caring Offering

Memorial Presbyterian youth, along with church youth from across the country, will be participating in the Souper Bowl Offering this Sunday. So, have your cash ready to contribute in the soup pots as you leave the service on Sunday. All the proceeds go to the Ecumenical Food Pantry of which our church is a member and supporter.

February 2, 2016 | Volunteering | Comments Off on Souper Bowl of Caring Offering

Comments are closed.

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Normandy June 2014 – Day#08 Friday 6th June

Stand in battlefield tour guide

Earlier in the week, I’d received a phone call from Eain Findlay to say that he and his father, Muir, wouldn’t be able to make the trip this year as he’d put his back out. Eain was happy to drive munching on painkillers, but somehow, Muir was less happy with that idea! Anyway, part of Eain’s concern was that he’d agreed to do a Battlefield Tour of the first part of Operation BLUECOAT which his father had taken part in as a member of “S” Squadron, 3rd Battalion Scots Guards; an element of the 6th Guards Tank Brigade. BLUECOAT was their first operation having arrived in Normandy. The tour was for another family on a first visit to Normandy & so Eain had asked me whether I would mind doing the tour in his stead. We’d planned to join them on the tour, anyway, after all, being in the company of a veteran was an added bonus & whilst I know a reasonable amount about this specific part of the operation, Eain’s knowledge is phenomenal; I only hoped that I’d be able to deliver a reasonable experience to Malcolm Fleming and his family especially as Malcolm’s father had also been in Scots Guards.

Start at Caumont

We met at one of the supermarkets in Villers Bocage & then drove up towards Caumont where the operation started. We began where the Scots Guards had formed up & looked across the operational area towards their objective – Hill 226 – which was also ours for the day.

Normandy’s smallest cemetery

Our first stop was the solitary grave of Lieutenant James Marshall-Cornwall of the Grenadier Guards. He was killed by a sniper in the early stages of the operation & was buried where he fell. After the war the landowner gave the ground to the young officer’s father, General Sir James Marshall-Cornwall, who requested that the grave site should not be disturbed. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission erected a headstone on the soldier’s grave, and the family added a memorial behind. This is the smallest military cemetery in Normandy, and probably of the Second World War.

Personal flypast #1

Having visited the cemetery, we were stood looking at our maps & talking through the route that we were going to follow when we noticed that the Lancaster, Dakota and two Spitfires of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight were forming up ready for its fly-past over the assembled veterans and dignitaries (including HM the Queen) at Bayeux Commonwealth Cemetary… a fantastic start to our little tour… and a disaster, as I realised that I’d left my camera back at Tony & Jill’s!!! The next bit is unprintable as I vented my frustrations!

In the track-steps of 3rd Battalion Scots’ Guards

Undaunted, we set off following as best as we could the route taken by the tanks of the Scots Guards. Whilst I drive a “go almost anywhere” landrover, it still can’t compete with a Churchill tank, so we had to follow a winding route around the lanes, whereas they went straight over the hedges!

Les Loges memorial

Our next stop was the hamlet of Les Loges where Malcolm had agreed to leave a wreath on behalf of Muir Findlay & also one in memory of his own father at the war memorial in the small churchyard.

We then drove up to a small parking area from where it’s possible to gain access to the top of the hill (fortunately, following our previous visits, Glyn & I are able to go to the correct track!). As we were about to walk up the track, another car pulled up & it turned out that this was driven by Stuart Garland whose father, Archie had served in the same tank as Eain’s father, Muir. Prior to visiting Normandy, Stuart & Eain had been in touch concerning a possible meeting & so Stuart joined us on our walk towards the top of the hill.

On Hill 226 & personal flypast #2

As we were there talking about the Hill & where the various units had been back in July 1944, we noticed two specks moving around in the sky… back then, they would have had any Germans running for cover as the specs turned into two Spitfires readying themselves for a run over Bayeux… this time, they flew almost directly overhead – our second flypast of the day & again, me without a camera!

Then it was off to St Martin des Besaces for some food & Stuart left to arrange his camping accommodation for the evening.

St Charles de Percy

After a very brief visit to the museum at St Martin, we headed off to St Charles de Percy to attend the annual Act of Remembrance at the Commonwealth Cemetery there. This was followed by a swift beer or two before heading to the celebratory evening event in Montchamp, brilliantly organised, as ever, by Ulrike Mabbutt.

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Home > Home & Living >

Daisy Oil Painting by Caitlin Coreris

Price: $18,000.00

Product Code: CC-02

An original oil painting on canvas. Joyously alive daisies are painted tightly enough to contrast with the cinnabar green, graphite gray, and silver. Andy Warhol pop art inspired. This painting was chosen to be in the SFMOMA gallery and by the city of Emeryville for a public art grant. 60” x 48” x 1.5”

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Find information on medical topics, symptoms, drugs, procedures, news and more, written in everyday language.

Finger Fractures

By Danielle Campagne, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of San Francisco - Fresno

Common finger fractures include avulsion fractures and crush fractures of the fingertips.

  • When a fingertip is crushed, it is tender and swollen, and the nail may be bluish black and raised up.

  • Sometimes the area becomes more sensitive and remains that way long after the fracture has healed.

  • Doctors take x-rays from several angles to diagnosis a fingertip fracture.

  • A fractured fingertip is treated with a protective covering or finger splint and, if needed, drainage of blood under the fingernail and surgery to realign the broken pieces of bone.

Avulsion fractures occur when a tendon or ligament pulls off a small piece of bone.

Fingertip fractures (also called tuft fractures) usually result from a crush injury, such as a hammer blow.

Avulsion Fracture of the Finger

In avulsion fractures, a tendon or ligament pulls off a small piece of bone.

A fractured fingertip is swollen and tender. Usually, blood accumulates under the nail (called a subungual hematoma). The nail looks bluish black and may be raised up. The nail bed, located under the nail, may be torn. This injury is very painful. If the nail is badly injured, it often remains misshapen.

After a severe finger fracture, sensitivity in the area sometimes increases (called hyperesthesia) and remains increased long after the fracture has healed. The area may remain very tender.

  • X-rays

If people think they may have fractured a finger, they should see a doctor.

To diagnose finger fractures, doctors take x-rays from several different angles.

  • A protective covering

  • For a large subungual hematoma, possibly drainage of the blood from underneath the nail

  • For severe fractures, surgery

For most fingertip fractures, doctors wrap the fingertip with a protective covering (such as an aluminum and foam splint). People wear this covering for about 2 weeks.

For large subungual hematomas, doctors may make a small hole in the fingernail with a needle or a hot wire (electrocautery device) and drain the blood out (called trephination). Usually, this procedure takes only a few seconds, and drugs to prevent pain are not needed.

For severe finger fractures, surgery is done to realign the many, separated pieces of broken bone.

If the nail is severely injured, the nail is usually removed. Then tears of the nail bed can be repaired. The finger is wrapped in a dressing to protect the nail bed. However, for most finger fractures, nail removal is not necessary.

Resources In This Article


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Find information on medical topics, symptoms, drugs, procedures, news and more, written for the health care professional.

Femoral Shaft Fractures

By Danielle Campagne, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of San Francisco - Fresno

Click here for
Patient Education

Femoral shaft fractures usually result from severe force and are clinically obvious. Treatment is with immediate splinting with traction followed by open reduction with internal fixation.

The usual injury mechanism for femoral shaft fractures is severe direct force or an axial load to the flexed knee (typically in a motor vehicle crash or automobile-pedestrian collision). Thus, other serious injuries are often present.

Symptoms and Signs

Fracture causes obvious swelling, deformity (often with shortening), and instability. Up to 1.5 L of blood for each fracture may be lost. Hemorrhagic shock is possible, particularly when the cause is blunt trauma and there are other injuries.

  • X-rays

Anteroposterior and lateral x-rays are diagnostic.

If the fracture resulted from great force, hip x-rays should always be done to look for an ipsilateral femoral neck fracture. The knee also needs to be carefully evaluated.

  • Immediate splinting with traction

  • Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF)

Immediate treatment is splinting, usually with distraction force (such as with a Hare traction or Sager traction splint), followed by ORIF. Because traction splints apply traction to the lower leg, they should not be used if patients also have a tibial fracture.

Key Points

  • Femoral shaft fractures usually result from severe forces and are not clinically subtle.

  • For each fracture, up to 1.5 L of blood may be lost.

  • X-ray the hip and evaluate the knee if the femoral shaft is fractured.

  • Splint femoral shaft fractures as soon as possible.


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Patio Sliding Doors

Patio Sliding DoorsThe beautifully engineered sliding patio door allows you to bring the beauty of the outdoors into your home while keeping the elements out.  This designer series is truly the ultimate sliding door in coastal impact or non-impact.

Standard features

  • Impact resistant glass
  • Clear/tinted glass
  • 6” Frame
  • Stainless Steel Hardware
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The Causal Closure of Physics: An Explanation and Critique

© Kile Jones 2006

Abstract:  Is the physical world causally closed?  Can something immaterial have any causal role within physics?  This paper seeks to answer these questions by explaining the theory of Causal Closure.  Causal Closure says that nothing immaterial can have any causal efficacy upon the material world.  Physicalists have long held this position and have used it as an argument against Dualism, but does it hold?  The hope of this paper is that we may better understand the arguments for and against Causal Closure in order to discover a cogent philosophy of science.

Keywords:  Causal Closure, Physicalism, Dualism, Completeness, Mental States, Qualia.

The claim that the physical world is a causally closed system is encouraged by the advance of physical science, though, of course, it goes far beyond what science has been able to establish and probably what it can ever establish.[1]

            Today, within the fields of natural science, when an effect comes about its cause is assumed to be strictly physical.  We in science believe that physical events are caused by prior physical arrangements and therefore can be reductively explained down to microphysical processes.  Yet many do not end here.  Many philosophers of science go beyond the observational claims that physical events have solely physical causes, to the theory that the physical world is causally closed.  Physicalists, for instance, have long been supporters of Causal Closure and seek to provide warrant for this philosophical step.  On the other hand modern Dualists argue that this step is unwarranted and unnecessarily goes beyond what science teaches us, after all, they say, does the theory of Causal Closure truly come from just reading the data off of physical processes?  In this paper I will examine the theory of the Causal Closure of Physics and provide arguments against it in hopes that a better and more balanced physical theory can be captured.

Defining Causal Closure

            Before proceeding on this journey the theory of Causal Closure (now on referred to as CC) must be defined.[2]  Eric Marcus says the theory of CC is that “Nothing non-physical can affect the physical”[3]; Tim Crane defines CC (he uses the terminology Causal Completeness) as the idea that “fixing the physical causes fixes all physical effects”[4]; and Robert Bishop classifies CC as the theory “that all physical effects are fully determined by fundamental laws and prior physical events”.[5]

            What each of these definitions are hitting at is that CC is the theory that there can only be physical explanations for physical events and that nothing non-physical can play any causal role within physics.[6]  When we see a physical effect, according to CC, we must not only assume that it has a prior physical cause but that it can only have a physical cause.    We should not even consider the idea that anything non-physical caused any physical event, for to do so would deny CC.  Thus what is entailed by CC is causal exclusion from anything outside of the closed physical system of the universe leaving any causation as strictly physical causation.  Some scholars feel that a Soft Causal Closure (or Completeness) does not rule out the possibility of non-physical causes but only states that we don’t have to go outside of the physical to supply a sufficient cause of an event.[7]   This is a position that needs qualification and if held must reject any Closure itself.  To explain these ideas more fully I will now turn to Completeness versus Closure.

Completeness vs. Closure

            In his article “Mental Causation in a Physical World”, Eric Marcus makes a distinction between Causal Completeness and Causal Closure.  He distinguishes the two: “The view that we don’t need to depart from physical explanations to explain physical events is Completeness; the view that we necessarily go wrong in departing from physical explanations to explain physical events is Closure”.[8]  What Marcus is trying to get at is that physics can give a completely adequate and sufficient explanation for events and still be open to non-physical causes (Completeness) and that this view is not synonymous with Closure which does not allow for non-physical causes.  For Marcus as well as Barbara Montero, the Completeness of physics does not rule out non-physical causation but only modifies it to say that we can always have a completely physical explanation for physical effects.  The question is to which degree non-physical causes

actually cause anything.[9]  What I find difficult is the terminology employed to speak of this dualistic philosophy of causality.  If we are going to say that non-physical entities

can affect the physical realm then we should not label it “Closure”, for physics, in this view, is not actually closed, rather, we should stick with labeling it “Completeness” for the sake of clarity.

            There is still a question left for Completeness.  How can the explanation of a physical effect be complete if we are leaving out part of the cause?  If non-physical entities are playing a contributing role in causality then are our physical explanations truly complete?  Granted that we can give an adequate and sufficient physical explanation of physical effects, what do non-physical causes actually cause?  It seems that we are left with an irrelevant non-physical cause, one to which we do not need to point to in order to account for any causation.  Yet if non-physical entities are truly causally efficacious then we have overdetermination, which must be explained.  Since overdetermination is not the topic of this paper I will leave it here, suffice it to say that both Dualism and Physicalism have the same difficulty with overdetermination.[10]  My point here is that the Completeness of Physics does leave room for non-physical causes but needs to qualify them and their causal agency.

 What Entails Causal Closure

            Now that CC has been defined we must ask ourselves what holding to CC leads us to believe about the world.  Firstly, if we believe in CC we are Physicalists.  By Physicalists I mean those who believe that this world of ours is only physical.  Jaegwon Kim defines modern Physicalism as “the idea that all things that exist in this world are bits of matter and structures aggregated out of bits of matter, all behaving in accordance with laws of physics, and that any phenomena of the world can be physically explained if it can be explained at all”.[11]  What Physicalism says, as Kim notes, is that all there is in this world are “bits of matter” and nothing else.  Therefore CC rules out any Dualism, Immanental Theism, Polytheism, or Pantheism[12], for all of these worldviews admit to interactions between non-physical entities and the physical world.

            Secondly, if we hold to CC we are left explaining what the mind is.  This leaves you with either Reductive (Identity) or NonReductive Physicalism; the former says that the mind can be reduced down to the physical and is actually identical with our physical brains, while the latter admits that the mind is not reducible to the physical, but has to then explain what the ontology of the mind actually is.  If we choose NonReductive Physicalism then we have to account for mental causation and either say that the mind has no causal efficacy (Epiphenomenalism) or that it does but is not immaterial.[13]

The Leap Beyond Science

            Once we understand what CC is and where it leads us we must understand it as a philosophy.  What I am pointing at is that CC does not simply come from observing the interactions of physical objects, rather, it is the sort of “philosophical glue” which binds a physical theory together to become a system.  It is not as if we can observe natural phenomena and read off of it CC, but what we do is watch the interactions of physical entities and conclude that causality is strictly physical.  We say that since we have observed past objects to behave in such a way that we can expect the same in the future (Uniformity of Nature/ Induction) and since we have never scientifically observed a non-physical cause to cause anything physical[14] we conclude the Causal Closure of Physics.  We believe that since physics does not operate by any non-physical causation that it cannot ever do so and that the laws of Physics are not merely descriptive but are prescriptive, telling us the way things have to behave.

            It seems that being frightened by the seemingly illogical position of overdetermination (even though Physicalists have it as well) or the speculative position of Cartesian Dualism will lead one to believe that CC is the only viable alternative, and thus end in Physicalism.  Yet if Physicalists accept the difficulty of overdetermination, then the only trouble they should have is the fear of unscientific Dualism, which is not the location one needs to end at.  In light of this, let us now consider some arguments against CC and see if they lead us to another conclusion.

Arguments Against Causal Closure

          Since CC (specifically Two-way CC) implies that immaterial entities cannot have causal influence in the physical world then if we can provide examples of this happening we can conclude that CC is false.  I will provide three methods of doing this: through Physics (Big bang), Mentality (Causally Efficacious Qualitative States), and Immaterial Laws (Logical and Physical).  I feel that each of these aspects of the universe reveal that non-physical entities do play causally efficacious roles within the physical realm and thus contradict the CC thesis.  First I will examine the non-physical character of the Big Bang, then the nature of Mental States, and finally how Immaterial Laws play causal roles within the physical world.

Big Bang

            The scientific theory of the origin of the Universe, called the Big Bang, says that the matter of the Universe was once compacted into an “infinitely dense” ball of heat[15] that exploded and expanded at the speed of light.  This “infinitely dense” object poses the great philosophical problem of singularity.  How can something be infinite and described in finite terms such as “dense”, “object”, or “ball”?  Similarly how can an infinite object be singular?  Many scientists today believe that this infinitely dense ball proves creation ex nihilo (out of nothing)[16], while others hold to the eternality of matter.  The eternality of matter is refuted by the logical contradiction of an infinite series of events.  An actual infinite series of events is impossible, for how can you have a “series” (succession of finite events) if it is infinite (timeless)?  Likewise John Hospers asks the pertinent question of time: “If an infinite series of events has preceded the present moment, how did we get to the present moment? How could we get to the present moment—where we obviously are now—if the present moment was preceded by an infinite series of events?”[17]  Therefore with these conclusions we cannot accept the idea of the eternality of matter.

            The other position is to hold to creation ex nihilo, for something infinitely dense turns out to be nothing at all; as William Lane Craig has noted: “There can be no object that possesses infinite density, for if it had any mass at all, it would not be infinitely dense”.[18]  If we accept the ex nihilo hypothesis than we must also conclude that something immaterial (whether God, gods, principles, or laws) had causal efficacy upon the physical world, and thus deny CC.  The philosophy of the Big Bang ultimately comes down to an illogical step, whereby matter spontaneously generated by itself[19], or admits to an entity that is immaterial bringing forth matter into existence.  Innumerable debates have been held over this very topic, and since this paper is not dealing specifically with creation ex nihilo, suffice it to say that if you hold a Big Bang cosmology you must logically deny CC.  Yet even if you do not agree with this there are more determining arguments against CC to which I will now turn.

Efficacious Mental States

            If we can establish two premises about the mind and its relation to the physical world then we can conclude that CC is false.  The first is the non-physical ontology (and thus irreducibility) of the Mind and the second is the causal influence of the Mind upon the physical world.  If we can establish these two claims as factual then we can conclude that something immaterial (mental states) has direct causal efficacy upon the physical world, and therefore prove CC false.  Regarding the immaterial nature of the mind, David Chalmers has shown that the mind is irreducible to the physical through modal arguments of the inverted spectrum or the conceivability of Zombies.[20]  These arguments leave token identity theory as an implausible way of explaining phenomenal consciousness and in fact show that qualia cannot be identical to the physical brain and its processes.

            Similarly the efficacy of the mind upon the physical realm can be proved in various ways.  Firstly “common sense” shows us that our first person experiences contribute to our formulations of thought patters, worldviews, and in turn affect the actions we take.[21]  What it is like for me to experience heat largely contributes to my

expressions of what heat is like, and in turn the affects my actions towards being around heat.  To say that our qualitative experiences have no efficacy upon our behavior (Epiphenomenalism) is to deny not only our common sense ideas of mental influence, but to render the mind obsolete and superfluous in relationship to the physical world.[22]  Thus if we conclude that the mind is immaterial and that it has a causal role in the physical world we are led to deny CC.  This does not mean that physical effects do not have physical causes; rather, it means that effects have more than just physical causes and therefore need to be explained by appealing to more than just physics.

Immaterial Laws

            Physics, as we now have come to understand it operates by laws; laws of heat, energy, light, force, motion, and gravity.  These laws are held to be necessities and those forces by which we can understand the way physical objects behave and interact.  These laws themselves are not physical, they are immaterial.  You cannot touch the 2nd law of thermodynamics, or smell the laws of motion, or see the law of gravity.  Similarly laws of logic operate based upon necessity and are immaterial by nature.  All of these laws, though immaterial, seem to be causally connected to the physical world.  For instance, if the law of identity did not exist then I would not be able to say “this is this” or “that is that”.  Likewise if the law of gravity were not around I would not behave the same way that I do today, I might jump out of windows to get around or try not to jump as high as I can when playing basketball.  These sorts of counterfactuals reveal the effectual nature of immaterial laws to influence physical behavior.

            One objection to this argument is that immaterial laws are one of many abstract entities, including numbers, properties, values, and propositions, and we would not want to say that the number 2 does anything, therefore abstractions are causally ineffectual.  The difference here is that while 2 does not do anything, they also, unlike logical laws and physical laws, are not necessary.  There is a great difference between a number, value, and proposition, compared to physical laws that govern the physical world and logical laws that govern the mental world.  Another argument posed against this idea is that these laws are merely the “rules” of the physical game that we play and we would not want to say that rules of games have causal efficacy upon the game itself.  Here is where I would make a distinction between interactive causality and counterfactual causality.  It is true that these laws do not physically play in our game, but it is true that, had not the rules been there, our behavior would be quite different, thus showing the default causal influence of laws.

The Scientific Dualist

            We have seen how the Big Bang, Mental States, and Immaterial Laws affect the way we behave, and thus how CC is unwarranted.  The question now is what are we left with?  Do we know throw in the towel on physical laws and their regularities and ability

to explain physical interactions and phenomena?  Of course we do not.  The only difference between the Interaction Dualist and the Physicalist regarding the scientific method is that the former does not take the step to say that we cannot appeal to anything immaterial to explain causal connections.  The Dualist is more frightened by the possibility of the Mind being ineffectual[23] than by the bind of overdetermination.[24]  Therefore when it comes to causal accounts the Dualist does not simply default to something immaterial, but does not shut off the possibility of such, as CC does.

             The sort of position that I am seeking to defend, which denies CC, is one where the Mind and other immaterial entities play causal roles within the physical world.  The Mind as an immaterial object directly forms our thoughts, aids in making our perceptions intelligible, and categorizes specific data; so there is to be causal room for the Mind to inform our intentions, desires, aspirations, tendencies, and behavior.  In this view the Mind is more than just a superfluous organism or projection; rather it is key in determining physical behavior.  The social sciences have long understood the connection between the Mind and physical behavior and due to the truth of this interaction psychology and sociology find themselves pragmatically verified.  On the contrary CC and its following forms of Physicalism bring physics up as the sine qua non tool for describing human behavior and function and in turn deny the psychological sciences foundational assumption of mental causation.  This is a step I find unnecessary and misguided, for our worldview fits better when we give the Mind an appropriate position within the physical world.

            In conclusion, we have seen how various non-physical entities play causal roles within physics.  Since the Mind is irreducible and immaterial and it has causal impact within the physical world, we must conclude that the CC thesis is unwarranted.  CC does not get read off of raw physical data; rather, an assumption is brought to physics whereby we conclude that physics is causally closed.  This hidden premise in CC must not go unnoticed, for in it the conclusion is proven.  Yet if the premise that nothing non-physical can have causal contributions in the physical world is disproved then we are left denying the conclusion that the world is causally closed.  If the world is not causally closed then we can give the Mind a place within the explanation of behavior and make sense out of qualitative experience.  When we deny CC we in turn deny that the world is only a machine and that humans are only a collection of atoms.

[1] Lund, David H, The Conscious Self, Humanity Books: New York, 2005, pg 366.

[2] At this point I will use what is known as the “Completeness of Physics” interchangeably with “Causal Closure”, for two reasons: first, most scholars in Philosophy of Mind use these terms synonymously and second, I feel that the “Completeness of Physics” implies Causal Closure because if physical causes fix all physical effects, as Completeness says, then there is no room for non-physical causes to have any efficacy within the physical system, thus closing off the physical realm.  Some scholars say that it does not (Robert Bishop) and some say that Completeness needs an exclusion clause to imply Closure (Jaegwon Kim); I will cover these issues under my section “Completeness vs. Closure”.

[3] Marcus, Eric, Mental Causation in a Physical World, article in Philosophical Studies.

[4] Crane, Tim, The Mental Causation Debate, article from the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume LXIX, 1995, pg 6.

[5] Bishop, Robert, The Hidden Premise in the Causal Argument for Physicalism, accepted for publication in Analysis, pg 1.

[6] Many scholars make a distinction between Strong Causal Closure and Soft Causal Closure, saying that the former rules out non-physical causes and the latter allows for them.  The reasons for this are that Soft Causal Closure could allow for non-physical causes as long as they are not sufficient causes or as long as we accept overdetermination.  Another way of putting CC is defining it as Two-way Causal Closure which means that “there is no causal interaction between the physical and the non-physical” (Barbara Montero, Varieties of Causal Closure, pg 1).  I feel these debates are semantically driven and under close inspection Soft Causal Closure is used by scholars to refer to Two-way Causal Closure and sometimes Strong Causal Closure.

[7] Bishop, Robert, The Hidden Premise in the Causal Argument for Physicalism, accepted for publication in Analysis, pg 1, and Barbara Montero, “Varieties of Causal Closure”, section 1.

8 Eric, Mental Causation in a Physical World, article in Philosophical Studies.

9 If we want to hold to true non-physical causality then we must explain how much causal weight is exerted by these non-physical entities.  If we hold this view we must explain overdetermination since we also have the belief that physical causes are sufficient causes.

10  See Peter Menzies “The Causal Efficacy of Mental States”, section 3.  Dualism has to account for overdetermination because there are additional causal influences although physics is held to have sufficient causes, and Physicalism must account for it because there are purely physical instances of overdetermination where multiple causes simultaneously are sufficient to bring about the same effect.

[11] Kim, Jaegwon, Physicalism or Something Near Enough, Princeton University Press: New Jersey, 2005, pgs 149-150.

[12] Some would want to question this point regarding Pantheism saying that they believe that the material world is God and therefore are Physicalists.  The problem with this is that Pantheism admits to another substance, Spirit, which is immaterial and connected to the material world.

[13] Here is the Problem of Mental Causation in a nutshell.  This will be discussed more under “Arguments Against Causal Closure”.

[14] That is, we have never observed it empirically, but there are philosophical arguments for non-physical causation (Big Bang, Mental Causation, The Efficacy of Immaterial Laws, etc.).  I will bring these up when providing arguments against CC.

[15] Another theory is that the this dense ball was not hot but cold, however, this cannot account for the amount of energy contained within the ball itself leading most modern scientists to reject it.

[16] For example: Hugh Ross and Fred Hoyle.

[17] Hospers, John, An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, 2nd ed., Routledge & Kegan Paul: London, 1967, pg. 434.

[18] Craig, William Lane, Philosophical and Scientific Pointers to Creation Ex Nihilo, in Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation (1980), 32, pg 5.

[19] This is illogical because it contradicts the logic of causality: something must come from something, nothing comes from nothing, and nothing cannot produce something.

[20] Chalmers, David, The Conscious Mind, Oxford University Press: New York, 1996, under “The Irreducibility of Consciousness”.

[21] Andrew Clifton notes this, in connection the CC theory, when he says “Common-sense experience tells us, however, that our first person thoughts and feelings have definite causal affects upon our physical behavior” (An Empirical Case Against Materialism, 2004, pg 2, at: ).  John Depoe says something similar: “Because physicalism is committed to the causal closure of the physical, at best physicalists can say mental states are epiphenomenal. But it seems obvious that some mental states are causally efficacious, therefore, something is wrong with physicalism.” (Italics Mine, in An Argument Against the Mind Being a Physical Mechanism).

[22] Paul Raymont comments on Levine’s arguments against Kim’s physicalism: “For example, Joseph Levine takes the problem to be that in nonreductive physicalism every mental property turns out to be causally redundant, since it “adds nothing” to the underling physical state’s causal power to produce the same behaviour” (Kim on Overdetermination, Exclusion and Nonreductive Physicalism, 2002).

[23] Epiphenomenalism has also lead may Physicalists to hold to “Eliminative” Physicalism, which states that the mind is as unreal as ghosts and fairies (see P.M. Churchland’s “Eliminative Materialism and Propositional Attitudes” in Journal of Philosophy # 78, 1981, pgs 67-90).

[24] This is not to mean that overdetermination is not a problem.  It is a logical problem that should be thought through and the most reasonable conclusion should be held to.


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HALESTORM: New Video Interview With AREJAY HALE

Cait Maxwell of Phase magazine conducted an interview with HALESTORM drummer Arejay Hale prior to the band’s September 24 concert in Manchester, England. You can now watch the chat below.

HALESTORM has unveiled the dates, cities and venues for a late fall headlining U.S. tour sponsored by Jägermeister. The trek gets underway on November 8 in Mobile, Alabama, wrapping up on December 15 in Orlando, Florida. Special guests on the bill will be IN THIS MOMENT and EVE TO ADAM.

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Yard Work, Lost Wedding Ring

Lost Wedding Ring in Moorestown NJ Recovered & Returned

Lost Wedding Ring
Lost Wedding Ring

I received a call from Joe about his lost wedding ring. He lost it while doing yard work a few weeks prior. I agreed to meed Joe after work in a few days.

I met Joe and he showed me where he was working in the yard. He was all over his large yard. I asked several questions about what he was doing and if he had any guesses as to the area it might be. You have to a detective and ask a lot of questions to try to narrow down the search area. After this inquisition, I decided that I would start near one of the flower beds.

I got my metal detector from my truck and started my search. Joe went inside the house to do some work. I found some pieces of aluminum siding.

After about 10 minutes I got a good signal. I moved the grass out of the way and there was a platinum ring. What an awesome feeling !!

I knocked on the door and showed Joe the ring. His face lit up. He was all smiles. I love the reactions of people who get their items back. He was amazed that I found it so fast. He couldn’t wait to tell his wife. I love this hobby!

Hi Dave,

I wanted to send a note to thank you again for coming out to find my
wedding ring.  It is a horrible feeling loosing something that means so
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moment when you found my ring.  It was definitely a priceless
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Thank You, Joe Piotti

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Versuri TODAY IS THE DAY - Sympathy Junkie

Album: TODAY IS THE DAY - Kiss The Pig

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What is a transforaminal injection?

A transforaminal injection is an injection of long acting steroid into the opening at the side of the spine where a nerve roots exits. This opening is known as a foramen. There is a small sleeve of the epidural space that extends out over the nerve root for a short distance. This epidural root sleeve is just outside the spinal canal. Sometimes these injections are referred to as root sleeve blocks, root blocks or transforaminal epidural blocks.

What is the purpose of a transforaminal injection?
The long acting steroid that is injected reduces the inflammation and swelling of spinal nerve roots and other tissues surrounding the spinal nerve root. This may in turn reduce pain, tingling and numbness and other symptoms caused by such inflammation, irritation or swelling. Also, the transforaminal injections can be used to identify a specific spinal nerve root level or levels that are the source of pain.

How long does the transforaminal injection take?
The actual injection takes five to ten minutes.

What is actually injected?
The transforaminal injection consists of a mixture of saline, local anesthetic and the long acting steroid medication. The amount of medication actually injected is very small, rarely more than one or two milliliters.

Will the transforaminal injection hurt?
The transforaminal injection involves inserting a needle through skin and deeper tissues. There is some pain involved. However, we often numb the skin and deeper tissues with a local anesthetic using a very thin needle before inserting the injection needle. Once numbed, placing the injection needle often feels like more of a strong pressure and pinching, often not as sharp pain. Some patients choose to receive intravenous sedation that can make the procedure easier to tolerate. Certain patients sometimes choose to undergo the transforaminal injection with nothing extra and do surprisingly well.

Will I be "put out" for the transforaminal injection?
No. This procedure is done under local anesthesia.

How is the transforaminal injection performed?
It is done either with the patient on the side for most neck injections and with the patient on the stomach for back injections. Occasionally other positions are used to optimize the X-ray view. The skin of the neck or back is cleaned with antiseptic solution and sometimes numbed with local anesthetic. Then the injection needle is placed under X-ray guidance. Once in place, the injection is made and this will often feel like the normal pain that the patient feels in the distribution of that particular spinal nerve root. Finally, the needle is removed and an adhesive bandage is applied.

What should I expect after the transforaminal injection?
Immediately after the injection, you may feel like your arm or leg is slightly heavy and may be numb, depending on where the injection was done and how much local anesthetic was used. Even so, despite the numbness, most patients can still actively move their arm or leg. This strange effect comes from the concentration of the local anesthetic and not from the amount of local anesthetic. Also, you may notice that your pain may be gone or quite less. This immediate effect is also due to the local anesthetic injected. This will last only for a few hours. Your pain may return and you may have some soreness or aching for a day or two. This is due to the mechanical process of needle insertion, as well as initial irritation from the medications injected. You should start noticing pain relief starting the third day or so.

What should I do after the transforaminal injection?
Any patient receiving sedation must have a ride home. Patients not receiving sedation might be able to drive, although there may be sufficient numbness to make driving difficult, if not impossible for several hours. Thus, we generally advise all patients to have a ride home or backup plans in case one is needed. Most patients are advised to take it easy for a day or so after the procedure until the medication has a chance to work. However, most patients can perform any activity that they could perform before the procedure.

Can I go back to work the next day?
You should be able to go back to work the next day unless the procedure was extensive or complicated and involved a large number of levels. Usually you will feel some soreness or aching at the injection site only.

How long does the effect of the medication last?
The immediate effect is usually from the local anesthetic injected. This wears off in a few hours. The steroid starts working in about 3 to 5 days and its effect can last for several days to several months.

How many transforaminal injections do I need to have?
If the first transforaminal injection does not relieve your symptoms within two weeks, you might be recommended to have a second injection. Similarly, if the second transforaminal injection does not completely relieve your symptoms in about a week to two weeks, you may be recommended to have a third injection. If there was no improvement after two injections, it is unlikely that a third transforaminal injection will help.

Can I have more than three transforaminal injections?
In a six-month period, most patients do not receive more than three injections. This is because the effect of the medication injected frequently lasts for six months or more. If three injections have not helped you much, it is not too likely that you will get any further benefit from more injections. Also, giving more injections will increase the likelihood of side effects from the medications injected.

Will the transforaminal injection help me?
It is sometimes difficult to predict if the injection will help you or not. Patients who have pain radiating from the spine down into the arms or legs respond better to the injections than the patients who have only pure neck or back pain. Similarly, the patients with a recent onset of pain may respond much better than patients with longstanding pain.

What are the risks and side effects?
Generally speaking, transforaminal injections are is safe. However, with any procedure there are risks, side effects and possibility of complications. The most common side effect is pain from the actual injection once the local anesthetic wears off and this pain is temporary. The other uncommon risk involve spinal puncture with headaches, infection, bleeding inside the epidural space, nerve damage and worsening of symptoms. Other uncommon risks are related to the side effects of the long acting steroid such as weight gain, increase in blood sugar in diabetics, water retention and suppression of body's own natural production of steroids.

Who should not have a transforaminal injection?
If the patient is on a blood thinning medication, has an active infection going on, or has poorly controlled diabetes or heart disease, they probably should not have the injection or at least postpone it, especially if postponing it may improve their medical condition.


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Anne's Music Manuscript Copy-Book
Part of Anne's duties as a governess was to give instruction in music and singing. Indeed, most of the music she purchased and practised herself was of the 'vocal with piano accompaniment' variety. During her holiday from Thorp Green in June 1843, which she spent at home, Anne began copying her favourite music into a Music Manuscript copybook which she had purchased earlier that month, possibly while on one of her shopping expeditions to York with the Robinsons, for the grand sum of three shillings and six pence 165 (17·5 pence - though, no doubt, this truly was a grand sum in 1843!). The book was taken back with her to Thorp Green where she performed the music for her own entertainment during her leisure time. Indeed, during the frequent periods of home-sickness and depression which she suffered at Thorp Green, the music became a life-line to her.166  The 'copybook' also proved to be a useful aid in the teaching of her charge, Mary Robinson. One song that she had copied into the book was a duet, 'Time around his dial stealing',167n and she would probably have performed its dual vocals with Mary. We have one contemporary reference to Anne's singing, and preference in the type of music she enjoyed performing: Ellen Nussey, in her reminiscences, said of Anne:

'. . . she preferred soft harmonies - she sang a little, her voice was weak, but very sweet in tone.'

Over the following eighteen months, Anne continued to copy songs and hymns into the book. Throughout July of 1844, she spent her usual period at Scarborough with the Robinsons, where she would almost certainly have enjoyed chaperoning her charges to a variety of musical concerts at the Gothic Saloon (by the Spa), the Town Hall in St. Nicholas Street, and the Theatre Royal in St. Thomas Street.168n  These experiences may have been responsible for her heightened interest in music throughout the rest of the year, made evident by a marked increase in her purchase of music books.169  By 13 October (1844), she had reached page 72 in her copy-book, where she wrote out her own recently composed hymn, 'My God! Oh let me call Thee mine'),170n  set to the music of a well known tune called 'Justification' (shown below). Edward Chitham explains: 'The hymn was very much in the Wesleyan tradition, requesting faith in the coming trials and mourning over the past. Its tone suggests that Anne Brontë's cheerful experience at Scarborough had been replaced by another period of self-doubt.'

On completion, the book contained the words and music to thirty two items, comprising a mixture of hymns; ballads, 'mostly of the "Ye banks and braes of bonny Doon" variety'; and sacred songs: its contents make it clear that Anne particularly enjoyed hymn singing.171  Another song, still famous today, that she copied into the book was Auld Lang Syne (also shown below).

'My God! O Let me call Thee mine!' set to a tune called 'Justification' in Anne's music book

On this page Anne has set her own hymn, 'My God, O let me call Thee mine', to a tune called 'Justification' (the title of which is written at the top). She wrote the hymn at Thorp Green on 13 October 1844, and the nature of the tune made it necessary for her to repeat the last line of each verse, though this is quite traditional in evangelical hymnology. This page shows the complete music - together with the words of the first verse. For a digitally enhanced (more readable) copy, complete with all verses - click on the music.

Auld Lang Syne, as copied by Anne into her music book.

On this page, Anne has written out the first section of the (still) famous song, 'Auld Lang Syne'.

Copyright © 1999 Michael Armitage
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Water Conditioning Products

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Hot Tub and Pool Products and Services For Homeowners

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To Our Valued Hot Tub Customers

In order to focus on our core areas of business, hot tub and pool repair, hot tub and pool chemicals, water testing, and the wholesale of water conditioning equipment and parts, we will no longer sell Arctic Spas hot tubs. We currently have a few new hot tubs in stock and can make you a great deal on any of these tubs. We will continue to be an Authorized Arctic Spas Service Center to service all of current and any new Arctic Spas owners. Please feel free to call us with your questions or concerns. Thank you for your loyalty and future business with us.

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Saturday, June 4, 2016

Tropical Threat for Florida

There is an old rule of thumb meteorologists use:

The primary threat of a tropical storm is flooding.
The primary threat of a hurricane is wind.

There is a significant chance Tropical Storm Collin will form before the low pressure developing in the Gulf of Mexico reaches Florida. Flooding is a serious risk. AccuWeather has more.

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• Features That Maximize Energy Efficiency In Replacement Windows

    ThermaFlect Heat Mirror Low-E Glass features that maximize the energy efficiency.ThermaFlect – Millennium Home Design’s windows are made with ThermaFlect, a reflective coating on the glass that acts like an ozone layer. This keeps the energy on the same side of the glass where it originates from, but still allows all of the visible light to come through. When the sun shines the heat from the rays are reflected outward. The same is true on the interior if you are running your heater during the winter months. ThermaFlect will reflect the warm air back to the inside of your home. UV rays are also kept out which can cause fading in fabrics like furniture carpet, and window treatments.

    Argon Gas – ThermaFlect replacement windows are filled with argon gas which is an odorless gas that is six times more dense than air and is used as insulation in between the layers of glass which therefore increases the energy efficiency, reduces the possibility of condensation and soundproofs the window.

    Duralite (TM) Warm Edge Spacers – A very important feature in replacement windows is the spacer material used to separate the panes of glass. Warm edge spacer material is a technology created to improve the U-Value in the window which improves condensation resistance and keeps your home comfortable in the intense summer heat and frigid cold winters. The lower the U-Value the better the energy savings. ThermaFlect window’s Duralite (TM) Spacer System has a .29 U-Value compared to SuperSpacer .31 and Aluminum SB .34.

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Latest Project - Tank Trailer

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  • Latest Project - Tank Trailer

    Ok, since I've been harping about made in America lately, I guess I should post the latest creation to roll out of the shop. A little history to start with. For the last couple of years, my business partner and I have been kicking around the idea of having a portable water source for various uses. Ranging anywhere from washing down streets in front of work sites, maintain landscaping, and fire control in undeveloped areas. This idea was pushed to the front "burner" if you will with all of the wild fires that Oklahoma had last year. When we almost lost $400,000 worth of property to a grass fire, we decided to be prepared next time. That's where this contraption comes in.

    Here's the specs:
    1,000 gallon puedo-baffeled tank
    6.5 hp 75PSI pump
    GPM - can't remember off hand, but it was enough
    Currently outfitted with 2" fire-fighting hose
    Plans for a hose reel and 1" line

    Pump is plumbed with a suction and pressure manifold system. With current valving, it can source either from the tank or an outside suction line (self-priming, max lift appr 20'). Can reverse to pressure fill tank from outside suction line, or by-pass tank altogether and be used as a transfer pump.

    The hard line that terminates on top of the tank is designed for filling from a potable system (fire hydrant) with the air break to prevent back flow contamination.

    Tandem 7K axles with four point electric brakes
    8" channel frame and cross members
    If you have ever worked on trailer electrical systems you will appreciate this part - All of the electrics are sealed from the environment. All connections are either in junction boxes or soldered, treated with anti-corrosion grease, and then shrink-wrapped. (I have this personal thing about any form of quick connect in an exposed electrical's just a place for corrosion to set in a destroy the system).
    Full compliment of LED lighting and "DOT" tape

    Oh and before the "red and black" comments start, I'll go ahead and nip them. The arrangement with my business partner was that he paid for all of the materials and I did the work. The only thing he really requested was to go with the whole fire truck image and paint it red, besides, the pump was red and black to start with.

    Attached Files
    Last edited by SkidSteerSteve; 11-08-2006, 10:48 AM.
    Bobcat 250, MM 210, Syncrowave 180, Spectrum 375
    Cat 242B Skid Steer, Challenger (Cat/Agco) MT275
    1 Thessalonians 4:11-12

  • #2
    Nice looking trailer.

    Kinda sad when you have to take it upon yourself to protect your property from fires.

    I have a hydrant in my yard, but I don't own a hose for it.
    Syncrowave 250DX
    Invison 354MP
    XR Control and 30A

    Airco MED20 feeder
    Thermal Dynamics Cutmaster 81
    Smith O/A rig
    And more machinery than you can shake a 7018 rod at

    • #3
      Well, normally it wouldn't be that big of an issue. Last fall was a horrible fire season. That particular fire had a flame front over two miles wide. When you mix little to no rainfall, <10% humidity, and 40mph winds, it's every man for himself. I quit counting at 20 different fire departments (not just units, but departments). Some from 50+ miles away.
      Bobcat 250, MM 210, Syncrowave 180, Spectrum 375
      Cat 242B Skid Steer, Challenger (Cat/Agco) MT275
      1 Thessalonians 4:11-12

      • #4
        Nice setup and great job building it.
        Gone But Never Forgotten!


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Rourkela Institute of Management Studies, Rourkela
Year Founded : 1984
Affiliation : Biju Patnaik University of Technology
Contact No : 0661 - 2480482
Email :
Website :

Rourkela Institute of Management Studies (RIMS), Rourkela was established in 1984, has taken great strides since its inception, becoming one of the premier B-school of the country. It is governed by a governing body, consisting of distinguished industrialists, businessmen, academicians and professionals. RIMS is affiliated to Sambalpur University, Orissa, Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Orissa, for different programs and follows the curriculum prescribed by the respective universities for each of its courses. It has got NBA AICTE Accreditation and ISO:9001-2000 certification from RWTUV Germany. RIMS offer courses like master of Business Administration and Computer Applications.

Campus of Rourkela Institute of Management Studies –

The institute is situated in a scenic and serene campus that provides conducive environment for personal and intellectual growth. It has an atmosphere, which drives away the feeling of anonymity and isolation. Students are given all encouragement in their areas of interest, by providing a hi-tech infrastructure facility, backed by faculty support.

Facilities at Rourkela Institute of Management Studies –

  • Library
  • Classrooms
  • Laboratories
  • Sports Facilities
  • Hostel

Placements at Rourkela Institute of Management Studies –

The training & placement section endeavors to provide career planning and job seeking assistance to students. It is a full-fledged training & placement section with a professor-in-charge of it. In addition to facilitating summer placement, the T&P section organizes programmes on campus interviews like group discussions case studies, mock interviews etc. The T&P Section takes care of the following key activities for the students: Training programs for career planning & development, job interviews and total personality development, alumni association, industrial contacts and image building activities on behalf of the college and educational tours to industries and projects.

Top Recuiters –

  • American Express Bank
  • L&T Limited
  • Adicco Consultancy
  • Lakhani India Ltd
  • Alembic Pharma Ltd
  • Link Pens & Plastics ltd
  • Bajaj Allainz
  • Linterland
  • Panacea Biotech Ltd
  • Maple Computers Pvt. Ltd
Name : Rourkela Institute of Management Studies, Rourkela
Location : Institutional Area, Gopabandhu Nagar
City : Rourkela
State : Orissa
Country : India
Contact No : 0661 - 2480482
Contact Email :
Website :
[Please fill the below details to get in touch with institute]


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Minnesota Score Latest Magazine

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Minnesota Score Radio LogoNow in its 15th year, Minnesota Score Radio featuring hosts Eric Nelson (WCCO Radio) and Minnesota Score Magazine publisher Wally Langfellow, comes to you on AM 1440 in the Twin Cities and AM 1010 and FM 106.5 in St. Cloud and Central Minnesota. The program airs Saturday afternoons at 1pm on AM 1440 and Saturdays at 10am on AM 1010 and FM 106.5 The coverage area for our three stations covers over half of the state of Minnesota. including the entire Twin Cities seven-county Metro area.

The Minnesota Score Radio show features the top athletes and sports figures in Minnesota including Vikings, Twins, Wild, Gophers and Timberwolves players and coaches as weekly guests. Eric, Wally and their guests will review the previous week and look ahead to upcoming opponents.

During Vikings season Minnesota Score Radio also features regular segments with former Vikingsʼ great Chuck Foreman. This is a one of a kind radio show for Minnesota sports fans of all ages that runs year round.

Listen Live to Minnesota Score Radio

High School Sports Broadcast Schedule; Click here to listen

Minnesota Score Headlines

Saturdays 1pm on AM 1440- Twin Cities Metro Area
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Peregrine Pharmaceuticals to Lift Veil on Cancer Drug Study Friday

The data will help decide whether the company's experimental treatment bavituximab will gain a development partner and move into the next phase of study.

MINYANVILLE ORIGINAL Shares of Peregrine Pharmaceuticals (PPHM) jumped more than 500% over the past few months as investors await results of a mid-stage study testing its drug for lung cancer. That's quite a comeback for a company that was in danger of being booted from the Nasdaq Stock Market in March because its price was so low.

On Friday, study data for Peregrine's drug, bavituximab, will be presented at a medical meeting in Chicago. The results will be carefully scrutinized by the medical and investor communities and the data will determine the company's next step, which includes signing a development partner and taking the drug into the next phase of studies.

In a recent interview with Minyanville, Peregrine CEO Steven King said he's had 15 face-to-face meetings with potential development partners. A partner would help Peregrine pay for the third and final phase of studies generally needed for US approval of a drug. King's hope is to find a partner that would allow Peregrine to retain some of the US sales rights for the drug if it should ever be approved.

Peregrine is testing bavituximab as a second-line treatment for lung cancer, a sizable market worth at least $1 billion according to King. The drug is being tested in combination with the chemotherapy docetaxel. Sanofi (SNY) sells the drug branded as Taxotere, while Hospira (HSP) sells generic docetaxel.

Researchers on Thursday announced a general description of the bavituximab results, saying the drug combined with docetaxel improved survival rates in patients who already received a prior chemo therapy. The median progression-free survival rate for two different doses of bavituximab was 4.2 months and 4.5 months compared with three months for patients who received docetaxel and a placebo. The problem is that top-line data was already disclosed in May. The updated data and the details within the results should give a clearer picture on Friday.

"This rigorous phase II trial demonstrates that not only is bavituximab well tolerated when given with docetaxel but it improves response rates, progression free survival and overall survival of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced [lung cancer]," David Gerber, lead researcher for the study and an assistant professor of internal medicine at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, says in a statement. "If a phase III trial confirms these findings, bavituximab could become a major component of standard treatment for patients with this challenging disease."

Gerber is scheduled to present the study results at 1:40 p.m. Central Time Friday at the Chicago Multidisciplinary Symposium in Thoracic Oncology.

Peregrine shares rose 2% to $3.10 in morning trading Thursday.

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The information on this website solely reflects the analysis of or opinion about the performance of securities and financial markets by the writers whose articles appear on the site. The views expressed by the writers are not necessarily the views of Minyanville Media, Inc. or members of its management. Nothing contained on the website is intended to constitute a recommendation or advice addressed to an individual investor or category of investors to purchase, sell or hold any security, or to take any action with respect to the prospective movement of the securities markets or to solicit the purchase or sale of any security. Any investment decisions must be made by the reader either individually or in consultation with his or her investment professional. Minyanville writers and staff may trade or hold positions in securities that are discussed in articles appearing on the website. Writers of articles are required to disclose whether they have a position in any stock or fund discussed in an article, but are not permitted to disclose the size or direction of the position. Nothing on this website is intended to solicit business of any kind for a writer's business or fund. Minyanville management and staff as well as contributing writers will not respond to emails or other communications requesting investment advice.

Copyright 2011 Minyanville Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Allen M. Doezie MD - Mission Plastic Surgery

A nose job is the common term for Rhinoplasty; a surgery on the nose performed to improve its shape, size, and general appearance. The word is a combination of the Greek word Rhinos that means Nose and Plassein that means “to shape”. The surgical procedure is considered the domain of an otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon, maxillofacial surgeon, or plastic surgeon; they will alter or improve the function (reconstructive surgery) or the appearance (cosmetic surgery) of a human nose. In the common man’s words, Rhinoplasty is “nose reshaping” or a “nose job”. A number of specialists in this area are to be found in Orange County.

The reasons for performing Rhinoplasty may be to correct acquired or birth defects; it may also be for aesthetic enhancements of facial features by a performing artiste. Damage from a traumatic accident, autoimmune disorder, previous cosmetic surgery, cancer involvement, or congenital abnormality may have disfigured the nose and may need to be corrected for restoring the patient’s self confidence and self image. In general, a rhinoplasty can adjust the size, shape or width of the nose at the bridge. It can also correct visible bumps, large bulbous nasal tip or nostrils that are large, wide or upturned. A nose job can also correct asymmsetry.

Best Candidates for the procedure

First-time rhinoplasty whether it is for aesthetic, functional, or reconstructive purposes is called Primary rhinoplasty. An unsatisfactory outcome from a previous rhinoplasty may require follow-up surgery, which is called revision rhinoplasty or secondary rhinoplasty. Open rhinoplasty is preferred for secondary rhinoplasty.

Good rhinoplasty candidates:

  • Are at least 16 years old or have a fully grown face
  • Have nasal asymmetry and deviation
  • Have realistic expectation for their outcome
  • Do not have a life-threatening conditions or illnesses that can impair healing
  • Are Non-Smokers

Initial Consultation

Dr. Doezie will meet with you to discuss the procedure and answer your questions as well as examine your face. A quote will be given to you before you leave.

The Procedure

There are two options of performing rhinoplasty: closed approach and open approach. In closed rhinoplasty, incisions are made inside the nostrils. In open rhinoplasty, an additional inconspicuous incision is made across the columella (the bit of skin that separates the nostrils). This exposes the cartilage and bone that make up the framework of the nose; the desired shape and profile are sculpted on the area. Once the desired shape has been achieved, the skin is stitched back into place to complete the nose surgery. The procedure is administered under general anesthesia in an outpatient facility and generally lasts one to two hours.

There is no overnight hospital stay involved in the rhinoplasty procedure and the patient can return home after the surgery. Antibiotics, pain medications, and steroid medications may be prescribed as required for safe and speedy recovery. External sutures are usually removed 4 to 5 days after surgery; the external cast is removed at one week; and if any internal stents have been placed, they are extricated within four days to two weeks. The evidences of periorbital bruising around the eyes and cheeks disappear in two weeks. Some shifting and settling of the nose may take place over the first year as the wounds dry up.

After surgery is completed, a splint, internal tubes or packing may be placed inside the nose as well as on the outside to support and protect the new structures during initial healing. Specific instructions will be given to care for the surgical site, medications to apply or take orally to aid in healing and reduce the potential of infection. Doctor’s consultations may also be necessary follow-up actions.

While normal activity is possible, you are better advised to take rest, keep to minimal activities, and be careful in general. Sleeping with your head elevated will minimize swelling faster and prevent minor bleeding, which may happen. Most people return to work within a few days after surgery.

No surgery is without risks; rhinoplasty may cause rupture of small surface vessels of the nose, infection, and poor wound healing. Change in skin sensation (numbness), bleeding (hematoma), nose asymmetry, pain, unfavorable scarring, skin contour irregularities, skin discoloration and swelling have also been reported. Sometimes corrective surgery has to be performed, especially in the rare event of a hole in the nasal septum.

In sum, while competent surgeons are available in Orange County who are adept at rhinoplasty, the procedure must be opted after careful consideration and for the most valid reasons.

Abdominoplasty costs can vary based on a number of different factors. Dr. Doezie will determine your exact quote at the time of your consultation.

Visit our photo gallery
to see before and after pictures of Dr. Doezie’s rhinoplasty patients.

Learn more about rhinoplasty surgery and schedule a consultation with Dr. Doezie at Mission Plastic Surgery.

Allen M. Doezie MD - Plastic Surgery Associations


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Prescriptives Custom Lip Color

prescriptives custom lig gloss

These days you can customize anything from sneakers to jewelry, and now you can even customize your lip color on the Prescriptives website. It sounds a bit more complicated than it is – there are no lab coats and color mixing. You can do it all online in an easy 3 steps. First you choose one of twenty-four base shades with colors in the following color families: Berry to Fuschia, Coral to Red, and Rose to Pink. Next, you choose a finish with options ranging from Full Color, Chrome, Luster, Glitter, Sheer Sparkle and Jelly. The final step is to choose a flavor with nine yummy options including bellini, tropical, vanilla, meringue, and latte. After these simple three steps – you’re done! And for $26, you get a lip gloss just the way you like it! The packaging is great too and looks a bit like a test tube – check it out after the jump

prescriptives custom lip gloss

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Bird Language Gathering, Sun, November 2

posted Oct 9, 2014, 8:30 PM by Jonathan Poppele   [ updated Oct 9, 2014, 8:31 PM ]
an Poppele, Marty Miller and Donnie Phyillaier invite you to join us for our next Bird Language Gathering

Sunday, November 2
9:00 - 1:00

Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge Visitor Center
3815 American Blvd E
Bloomington, MN 55425

RSVP in encouraged, but not required. Feel free to drop by--and it would be great to know that you are coming!

Join us as we gather once again on the slopes of the Minnesota River Valley to explore what the birds are telling us about our surroundings. The juveniles have all fledged and the migrants have all left for the season. We can expect the juncos to have returned and the mixed winter flocks to be feeding in the forests. Northern goshawks are wintering over in the metro area, adding another areal predator to the landscape. Let's see what they all have to tell us about what is going on in the forest.

What should I bring?

Bring what you need to be comfortable sitting outside on the ground for an extended period of time—perhaps as long as an hour. You will also need something to take notes on. You do not need to have binoculars, but there is no harm in bringing a pair if you would like. Here are a few recommended and optional items to bring:

Note pad & pencil
Ground cloth, blanket or camp-chair
Sun protection
Poncho if it is raining

Water bottle

Sign me up!

Registration is encouraged, but not required. Feel free to drop in and join us—and it would be great to know if you are coming! If you have any questions, or to RSVP:

For a map & directions click here

Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge


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Honey Extraction

This video shows uncapping and extraction equipment designed and manufactured by Paradise Honey in Finland. Also featured is a continuous cappings press which separates cappings from the honey continuously, unlike a conventional cappings spinner which needs to be stopped and emptied. These cappings screws are available in sizes to handle from 100 to 400 kg of cappings per hour. The extractors are normally produced in sizes from 26 to 174 frames but larger models are available.

All Paradise Honey equipment can be made to suit any type of  frame.

120 Frame Extractor:

Honey Uncapping Machine - Paradise Honey HS1B

Modern Beekeeping USA is a trading name of S & E Enterprises Ltd Reg No - 03436565 2 Barnfield Crescent, Exeter, Devon EX1 1QT, United Kingdom. Contact sales@modernbeekeepingusa.com


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Cabildo Modern Wall Lamp by Eric Sole for Artemide Lighting

Artemide Cabildo Modern Wall Sconce

Artemide Cabildo Modern Wall Lamp

Artemide Cabildo Modern Wall Light

The Cabildo series has a wall mounted luminaire for indirect and diffused halogen lighting designed by Eric Sole for Artemide. The upper body structure and wall support are in die-cast aluminum in a painted white finish. The wall lamp has a specular aluminum reflector that is concealed in the inner curve of the lamps's structure that is shielded by a frosted glass guard. The Cabildo wall sconce mounts onto standard electrical junction boxes. The wall sconce gives out a diffused and elegant light in a room.


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We pride ourselves on delivering a high quality personable service for legal matters that make a big difference to our clients’ lives – but we know that the cost of legal services is an important consideration for our clients. Many worry about the potential costs of their legal work and the limited funding options now available.  That is why we have taken positive steps to ensure that we:

  • Undertake regular fees checks so we remain highly competitive and can offer the very best hourly rates.
  • Can offer a no-win no-fee service for certain types of legal work such as accidents and personal injury, employment disputes and commercial litigation.
  • Can offer fixed rate fees for certain types of legal service such as conveyancing, divorce, and wills.
  • Can offer Legal Aid for some family, care proceedings and criminal matters.
  • Can provide quick and free cost estimates.
  • Can price match on many quotes.
  • Offer payment plans in certain circumstances.

If you have an enquiry for an estimate we invite you to fill out the form below for a quick and free estimate.  We honour our estimates and will always notify our clients of any potential increases in cost.

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